1907:
354:
1851:
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closely with results found in other studies on rodents (2.7 seconds, and 3–6 seconds). The same study also suggested that the massive wave which can be recorded by EEG monitoring approximately one minute after decapitation ultimately reflects brain death. Other studies indicate that electrical activity in the brain has been demonstrated to persist for 13 to 14 seconds following decapitation (although it is disputed as to whether such activity implies that pain is perceived), and a 2010 study reported that decapitation of rats generated responses in EEG indices over a period of 10 seconds that have been linked to
1253:
151:
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128:
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2098:, as a terror tactic, "some American troops hacked the heads off... dead and mounted them on pikes or poles". Correspondent Michael Herr noted "thousands" of photo-albums made by US soldiers "all seemed to contain the same pictures": "the severed head shot, the head often resting on the chest of the dead man or being held up by a smiling Marine, or a lot of the heads, arranged in a row, with a burning cigarette in each of the mouths, the eyes open". Some of the victims were "very young".
846:
2015:
895:. The UN was reportedly horrified when video footage of the executions surfaced in April that same year, where some grisly details led to assume ritual components of the beheading: the perpetrators first cut the hair of both victims, and then one of them beheaded Catalán only, because it would "increase his power", which may be linked to the fact that Congolese militias are particularly brutal in their acts of violence toward women and children.
404:
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418:
2091:, who led a rebellion against slavery. When caught, he was publicly hanged, flayed, and beheaded. This was a technique used by many enslavers to discourage the "frequent bloody uprisings" that were carried out by "kidnapped Africans". While bodily dismemberment of various kinds was employed to instill terror, Dr. Erasmus D. Fenner noted postmortem decapitation was particularly effective.
564:. Some anecdotes suggest more extended persistence of human consciousness after decapitation, but most doctors consider this unlikely and consider such accounts to be misapprehensions of reflexive twitching rather than deliberate movement, since deprivation of oxygen must cause nearly immediate coma and death (" probably lost within 2–3 seconds, due to a rapid fall of intracranial
628:
899:
efforts of the investigation, the head was never found. According to a report published on 29 May 2019, the
Monusco peacekeeping military mission led by Colonel Luis Mangini, in the search for the missing remains, arrived to a ritual place in Moyo Musila where "parts of bodies, hands and heads" were cut and used for rituals, where they lost track of the victim's head.
1064:
considered inelegant and in bad taste. The sword was expected to be used upon the slightest sign that the practitioner might yield to pain and cry out—avoiding dishonor to him and to all partaking in the privilege of observing an honorable demise. As skill was involved, only the most trusted warrior was honored by taking part. In the late
676:, was imprisoned for three months and dismissed for slapping the face of the victim after the blade had fallen in order to see whether any flicker of life remained. The guillotine was used in France during the French Revolution and remained the normal judicial method in both peacetime and wartime into the 1970s, although the
571:
A laboratory study testing for humane methods of euthanasia in awake animals used EEG monitoring to measure the time duration following decapitation for rats to become fully unconscious, unable to perceive distress and pain. It was estimated that this point was reached within 3–4 seconds, correlating
1395:
was venerated above all else, since the head was to the Celt the soul, centre of the emotions as well as of life itself, a symbol of divinity and of the powers of the other-world." Arguments for a Celtic cult of the severed head include the many sculptured representations of severed heads in La Tène
1362:
They cut off the heads of enemies slain in battle and attach them to the necks of their horses. The blood-stained spoils they hand over to their attendants and striking up a paean and singing a song of victory; and they nail up these first fruits upon their houses, just as do those who lay low wild
505:
She refused to lay her head on the block, or submit to a sentence where she had received no trial. She told the executioner, that if he would have her head, he must win it the best way he could: and thus, shaking her venerable grey locks, she ran about the scaffold; and the executioner followed her
1925:
tactic especially in Iraq since 2003. Civilians have borne the brunt of the beheadings, although U.S. and Iraqi military personnel have also been targeted. After kidnapping the victim, the kidnappers typically make some sort of demand of the government of the hostage's nation and give a time limit
336:
1709:
A group of three
Catholic clergymen, Johannes Prassek, Eduard Müller and Hermann Lange, and an Evangelical Lutheran pastor, Karl Friedrich Stellbrink, were arrested following the bombing of Lübeck, tried by the People's Court in 1943 and sentenced to death by decapitation; all were beheaded on 10
1367:
the heads of the most distinguished enemies, and preserve them carefully in a chest, and display them with pride to strangers, saying that for this head one of their ancestors, or his father, or the man himself, refused the offer of a large sum of money. They say that some of them boast that they
1063:
to hasten death and to reduce the suffering. The blow was expected to be precise enough to leave intact a small strip of skin at the front of the neck—to spare invited and honored guests the indelicacy of witnessing a severed head rolling about, or towards them; such an occurrence would have been
1517:
The ancient Greeks and Romans regarded decapitation as a comparatively honorable form of execution for criminals. The traditional procedure, however, included first being tied to a stake and whipped with rods. Axes were used by the Romans, and later swords, which were considered a more honorable
1966:
A public beheading will typically take place around 9am. The convicted person is walked into the square and kneels in front of the executioner. The executioner uses a sword to remove the condemned person's head from his or her body at the neck with a single strike. After the convicted person is
898:
In the trial that followed investigations after the bodies were discovered, and according to a testimony of a primary school teacher from
Bunkonde, near the village of Moyo Musuila where the executions took place, he witnessed a teenage militant carrying the young woman's head, but despite the
1710:
November 1943, in the
Hamburg prison at Holstenglacis. Stellbrink had explained the raid next morning in his Palm Sunday sermon as a "trial by ordeal", which the Nazi authorities interpreted to be an attack on their system of government and as such undermined morale and aided the enemy.
963:
tradition, a person's body was a gift from their parents, and so it was therefore disrespectful to their ancestors to return their bodies to the grave dismembered. The
Chinese, however, had other punishments, such as dismembering the body into multiple pieces (similar to the English
879:
rebels has caused several deaths and atrocities such as rape and mutilation. One of them is decapitation, both a fearsome way to intimidate victims as well as an act that may include ritualistic elements. According to a UN report from
Congolese refugees, they believed the
1967:
pronounced dead, a police official announces the crimes committed by the beheaded alleged criminal and the process is complete. The official might announce the same before the actual execution. This is the most common method of execution in Saudi Arabia.
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2779:
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1698:. Axe beheading was the only method of execution in Berlin until 1938, when it was decreed that all civil executions would henceforth be carried out by guillotine. However, the practice was continued in rare cases such as that of
454:
Some cultures, such as ancient Rome and Greece, regarded decapitation as the most honorable form of death. In the Middle Ages, many
European nations continued to reserve the method only for nobles and royalty. In France, the
5263:
2109:, was known for keeping "macabre souvenirs", such as "a Vietnamese skull that sat on his desk." Other Americans "hacked the heads off Vietnamese to keep, trade, or exchange for prizes offered by commanders."
2060:, some Mexican drug cartels turned to decapitation and beheading of rival cartel members as a method of intimidation. This trend of beheading and publicly displaying the decapitated bodies was started by the
3497:
1627:
who was sentenced to death for killing 27 young men, was decapitated in April 1925. He was nicknamed "The
Butcher from Hannover" and was rumored to have sold his victims' flesh to his neighbor's restaurant.
1271:, beheading was typically used for noblemen, while commoners would be hanged; eventually, hanging was adopted as the standard means of non-military executions. The last actual execution by beheading was of
3266:
2001:, which controlled territory in much of eastern Syria, had regularly carried out beheadings of people. Syrian rebels attempting to overthrow the Syrian government have been implicated in beheadings too.
1878:. They were tied to a chair on a scaffold. The executioner used a knife to cut the head from the body. It was considered to be a more honourable death if the executioner started with cutting the throat.
2435:
Dinkel, Andreas; Baumert, Jens; Erazo, Natalia; Ladwig, Karl-Heinz (January 2011). "Jumping, lying, wandering: Analysis of suicidal behaviour patterns in 1,004 suicidal acts on the German railway net".
2343:
1092:, in 1570. After being caught, Zenjubō was buried alive in the ground with only his head out, and the head was slowly sawn off with a bamboo saw by passers-by for several days (punishment by sawing;
222:
who carries out executions by beheading is sometimes called a headsman. Accidental decapitation can be the result of an explosion, a car or industrial accident, improperly administered execution by
3669:
2972:
4309:
2087:
The United States government has never employed beheading as a legal method of execution. However, beheading has sometimes been used in mutilations of the dead, particularly of black people like
462:
Others have regarded beheading as dishonorable and contemptuous, such as the
Japanese troops who beheaded prisoners during World War II. In recent times, it has become associated with terrorism.
5048:
3636:
4911:
733:
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with the aim of creating a quick and painless method of execution requiring little skill on the part of the operator. Decapitation by guillotine became a common mechanically assisted form of
497:, is said to have required up to 10 strokes before decapitation was achieved. This particular story may, however, be apocryphal, as highly divergent accounts exist. Historian and philosopher
4472:
1344:, as evidenced by both Classical literary descriptions and archaeological contexts. This cult played a central role in their temples and religious practices and earned them a reputation as
3583:
3475:
4528:
Execution of the
Marquess of Ayamonte on the 11th. of December 1645 Described in "Varios relatos diversos de Cartas de Jesuitas" (1634–1648) Coll. Austral Buones Aires 1953 en
1959:
law reflecting a particular state-sanctioned interpretation of Islam. Crimes such as rape, murder, apostasy, and sorcery are punishable by beheading. It is usually carried out
246:. In practice, Saudi Arabia is the only country that continues to behead its offenders regularly as a punishment for capital crimes. Cases of decapitation by suicidal hanging,
1906:
1279:, a method which had already been discontinued.) Beheading was degraded to a secondary means of execution, including for treason, with the abolition of drawing and quartering
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was executed by manual beheading, the last legal use of the method (other than by guillotine) in both Europe and the rest of the Western world. Earlier the same year,
599:
can continue to function at some capacity for a limited time even after connection to the brain is lost, responding to any nearby stimulus. In addition, the bodies of
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1237:
610:
by the reattachment of blood vessels has seen some very limited success in animals, a fully functional reattachment of a severed human head (including repair of the
3701:
3489:
3019:
3527:
477:. If the instrument is blunt or the executioner is clumsy, repeated strokes might be required to sever the head, resulting in a prolonged and more painful death.
4650:"Beheading video tops web searches The decapitation of American Nick Berg and the Iraq war have replaced pornography and pop stars as the main internet searches"
3362:
2311:
1926:
for the demand to be carried out, often 72 hours. Beheading is often threatened if the government fails to heed the wishes of the hostage takers. Sometimes, the
1043:
were often allowed to decapitate soldiers who had fled from battle, as it was considered cowardly. Decapitation was historically performed as the second step in
887:
Besides the massive decapitations (like the beheading of 40 members of the State Police), a globally notorious case happened in March 2017 to Swedish politician
3135:
Holson, R. Robert (6 January 1992). "Euthanasia by decapitation: Evidence that this technique produces prompt, painless unconsciousness in laboratory rodents".
445:(c. 3000 BCE) shows the first known depiction of decapitated corpses. The terms "capital offence", "capital crime", "capital punishment", derive from the Latin
4784:
1372:
Both the Greeks and Romans found the Celtic decapitation practices shocking and the latter put an end to them when Celtic regions came under their control.
353:
4059:
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has since abolished capital punishment within its own jurisdiction, and recent popes have condemned capital punishment wherever it is still practised.
672:
The French observed a strict code of etiquette surrounding such executions. For example, a man named Legros, one of the assistants at the execution of
186:
is the total separation of the head from the body. Such an injury is invariably fatal to humans and most other animals, since it deprives the brain of
3646:
2413:
4901:
1207:
Execution by beheading was one of the most common forms of execution in Vietnam under the feudal system. This form of execution still existed in the
1071:
Decapitation (without seppuku) was also considered a very severe and degrading form of punishment. One of the most brutal decapitations was that of
4462:
4407:
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1981:(born 1980), a Saudi Arabian poet, was sentenced to be beheaded, but his sentence was later reduced to eight years in prison and 800 lashes, for
1850:
253:
Less commonly, decapitation can also refer to the removal of the head from a body that is already dead. This might be done to take the head as a
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5617:
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1233:
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Wilhelm, James J. "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight." The Romance of Arthur. Ed. Wilhelm, James J. New York: Garland Publishing, 1994. 399–465.
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on 9 April 1747, while a number of convicts were beheaded posthumously up to the early 19th century. (Typically traitors were sentenced to be
5418:
5358:
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5341:
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1974:, at least 79 people were executed in Saudi Arabia in 2013. Foreigners are not exempt, accounting for "almost half" of executions in 2013.
923:
Several reports of decapitation, along with other types of mutilation of Armenian POWs by Azerbaijani soldiers, emerged in 2020 during the
4037:
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2516:
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permitted a person sentenced to death to choose beheading as a means of execution, no person chose that option, and it was dropped when
1375:
4963:
3416:
4691:
4546:
3775:
1584:, until 1981. Before the revolution, beheading had typically been reserved for noblemen and carried out manually. In 1981, President
4627:
4164:
Gheeraert-Graffeuille, Claire (2011), "The Tragedy of Regicide in Interregnum and Restoration Histories of the English Civil Wars",
3723:
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3613:
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and Kamuina Nsapu militias have "magical powers" as a result of drinking the blood of decapitated victims, making them invincible.
494:
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was insistent on maintaining "professional" protocol throughout the era, having administered the death penalty during the earlier
5689:
4722:
3520:"UN Experts conclude crimes against humanity and war crimes committed in Kasai, warn against risk of new wave of ethnic violence"
2548:
2241:
4744:
1526:
of the early 1st century BC, it became the tradition for the severed heads of public enemies—such as the political opponents of
1177:
4934:"Nearly 45 regime and Turkish soldiers and rebels killed in shelling and violent battles on Al-Nayrab frontline, east of Idlib"
4015:
5101:
4431:
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4151:
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2212:
1910:
Assyrian military campaign in southern Mesopotamia, beheaded enemies, 7th century BC, from Nineveh, Iraq. The British Museum.
913:
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usually were blade-heavy two-handed swords. Likewise, if an axe was used, it almost invariably was wielded with both hands.
459:
made it the only legal method of execution for all criminals regardless of class, one of the period's many symbolic changes.
165:
3926:
3883:
3844:
2709:
1775:
by guillotine, the last executed by this method outside France. Beheading was subsequently replaced by shooting in the neck.
1068:, decapitation was performed as soon as the person chosen to carry out seppuku had made the slightest wound to his abdomen.
5694:
1875:
1867:
2750:
451:, "head", referring to the punishment for serious offences involving the forfeiture of the head; i.e. death by beheading.
4384:
4139:
3691:
1396:
carvings, and the surviving Celtic mythology, which is full of stories of the severed heads of heroes and the saints who
3011:
367:
3519:
1950:
478:
2304:
1518:
instrument of death. Those who could verify that they were Roman citizens were to be beheaded, rather than undergoing
754:("falling axe") since the 17th and 18th centuries, and decapitation by guillotine was the usual means of execution in
5220:
5020:
4993:
4967:
4495:
4280:
4078:
3838:
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2812:
2703:
2623:
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and American UN expert Michael Sharp, who were kidnapped and executed during a mission near the village of Ngombe in
490:
5151:
Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present
3354:
1914:
Though not officially sanctioned, legal beheadings were carried out against at least 50 prostitutes and pimps under
5334:
2129:
595:, have also been known to survive for some time after being decapitated, as they have slower metabolisms and their
4774:
5669:
4937:
3609:
1276:
1241:
3557:
3801:
1284:
1228:(1992–1995) there were a number of ritual beheadings of Serbs and Croats who were taken as prisoners of war by
1162:
1150:
5612:
5302:
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2140:
2045:
and beheaded during the Mexican independence in 1811. Their heads were on display on the four corners of the
1577:
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1451:
1272:
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1225:
247:
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The Executioner's Men: Los Zetas, Rogue Soldiers, Criminal Entrepreneurs, and the Shadow State They Created
4779:
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2584:
2369:
1866:. In the 16th and 17th centuries, noblemen were sometimes executed by means of beheading. Examples include
1341:
1312:
1131:
Historically, decapitation had been the most common method of execution in Korea, until it was replaced by
1077:
872:
697:
2202:
5720:
5539:
5327:
2671:
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, edited by Noah Porter, published by G & C. Merriam Co., 1913
1994:
1753:
1588:
abolished capital punishment and issued commutations for those whose sentences had not been carried out.
965:
940:
924:
17:
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due to the lingering death it caused. In some tales, people did not die immediately after decapitation.
387:
5730:
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4417:
4125:
1772:
583:) can survive decapitation and die not because of the loss of the head directly, but rather because of
486:
473:
is sharp and his aim is precise, decapitation is quick and thought to be a relatively painless form of
396:
2046:
5376:
4567:
4347:
3550:"In English Aftonbladet reveals new information about the murders of Zaida Catalán and Michael Sharp"
3422:
2217:
2034:
2026:
1788:, decapitation was the usual means of carrying out capital punishment. Noblemen were beheaded with a
1646:
1592:
839:
600:
150:
144:
2290:
2263:
1706:
in 1944. Beheading by guillotine survived in West Germany until 1949 and in East Germany until 1966.
1197:
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5278:
4820:
2187:
2019:
1871:
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required three strikes at their respective executions. The same could be said for the execution of
191:
5132:"U.S.-trained ex-soldiers form core of "Zetas" | SOA Watch: Close the School of the Americas"
2904:"The Most Gentle of Lethal Methods: The Question of Retained Consciousness Following Decapitation"
1824:—by axe in 1900. It was replaced by the guillotine, which was used for the first and only time on
1576:), the guillotine was the only legal method of execution from 1791, when it was introduced by the
1572:. Other than a small number of military cases in which a firing squad was used (including that of
506:
with his axe, aiming many fruitless blows at her neck before he was able to give the fatal stroke.
62:
5482:
5005:
Paterson, Thomas; Clifford, J. Garry; Brigham, Robert; Donoghue, Michael; Hagan, Kenneth (2014).
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806:
Contrary to popular myth, executions were generally not conducted face-up, and chief executioner
643:
2064:, a criminal group composed by former Mexican special forces operators, trained in the infamous
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and made available on the Internet. One of the most publicized of such executions was that of
1820:
continued the practice for a few decades, executing its second to last criminal—mass murderer
1585:
1439:
and on dipping it into the well placed it back upon his neck and was restored to full health.
198:
refers to the act of deliberately decapitating a person, either as a means of murder or as an
139:
from the beginning of the 15th century – the execution of Guillaume Sans and his secretary in
5715:
5509:
5497:
5371:
4816:
4748:
4314:
4143:
2368:
Tracqui, A.; Fonmartin, K.; Géraut, A.; Pennera, D.; Doray, S.; Ludes, B. (1 December 1998).
2076:
1971:
1683:
1668:
1504:
1354:
1322:
was used for beheading, with the blade's edge extending downwards from the tip of the shaft.
1166:
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to Germany for execution. Decapitation was considered a "dishonorable" death, in contrast to
35:
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4578:
3465:"Army of 'bewitched' children involved in Congo massacres as UN reports hundreds of deaths"
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De Giorgio, Fabio; Polacco, Matteo; Pascali, Vincenzo L.; Oliva, Antonio (October 2006).
2305:"Republican Decree – By Law No. [13] For 1994 Concerning the Criminal Procedures"
1714:
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3662:"Illinois voters support Senator Kirk's call for pro-peace measures in Nagorno-Karabakh"
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814:. Nonetheless, it is estimated that some 16,500 persons were guillotined in Germany and
81:
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5586:
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5350:
5135:
4622:
4498:[The fates of those sentenced to death for homicides in 1824–1825 in Finland].
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4004:"UN – TRIBUNAL CONVICTS ENVER HADZIHASANOVIC AND AMIR KUBURA Press Release, March 2006"
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In Spain executions were carried out by various methods including strangulation by the
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42:
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3180:"A Good Death? Report of the Second Newcastle Meeting on Laboratory Animal Euthanasia"
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2184:, a Hindu goddess who supposedly decapitates herself and holds her head in her hand.
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176:
5153:. New York. London. Toronto. Sydney. Austin.: Doubleday. p. 126, paragraph 3.
4275:. Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate – Quality Catholic Publications. pp. 238–239.
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would behead enemy soldiers who were captured, such as British and Sikh soldiers.
888:
127:
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238:, which exclusively applies to Muslims, beheading is also a legal punishment in
171:
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5393:
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1915:
1839:
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march on 17 July 1932 that turned violent and led to 18 people being shot dead.
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against Antony) and his head cut off and nailed up for display in this manner.
1523:
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561:
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442:
132:
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3100:
Derr, Robert F. (29 August 1991). "Pain perception in decapitated rat brain".
2732:
959:, although strangulation caused more prolonged suffering. This was because in
552:. Unconsciousness occurs within seconds without circulating oxygenated blood (
5709:
5642:
5492:
5230:
4496:"Henkirikoksista kuolemaan tuomittujen kohtaloita vuosina 1824–1825 Suomessa"
3246:
2496:
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1998:
1978:
1805:
1768:
1733:
1539:
1484:
1208:
1201:
972:, which was a common method of execution before being abolished in the early
956:
917:
876:
796:
732:
403:
392:
239:
5272:
3231:"Electroencephalographic evaluation of decapitation of the anesthetized rat"
2973:"Losing One's Head: A Frustrating Search for the 'Truth' about Decapitation"
2488:
1568:
in 1981, the main method of execution had been by beheading by means of the
1423:
A further example of this regeneration after beheading lies in the tales of
1287:. One of the most notable executions by decapitation in Britain was that of
1028:
4906:
3580:"How Uruguayan Peacekeepers Found the Two Dead UN Experts in Congo in 2017"
3254:
3215:
3086:
2939:
2504:
2457:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2042:
1745:
1650:
1527:
1405:
1397:
1380:
1117:
era. A similar scene is described in the last page of James Clavell's book
1114:
1083:
985:
973:
827:
770:
763:
759:
705:
677:
557:
521:
227:
3164:
3121:
3043:"Decapitation in Rats: Latency to Unconsciousness and the 'Wave of Death'"
2401:
2385:
1634:, known as "The Vampire of Düsseldorf", was executed on the guillotine in
1027:
captured in New Guinea, about to be beheaded by a Japanese soldier with a
845:
510:
5632:
5472:
5447:
5437:
5398:
4593:[Saddam beheaded 50 prostitutes] (in Swedish). 11 December 2000.
4467:
4178:
2920:
2207:
2144:
2095:
2038:
2014:
1956:
1937:
Judicial execution is practiced in Iraq, but is generally carried out by
1729:
1718:
1699:
1552:
1547:
1519:
1509:
1468:
1436:
1345:
1319:
800:
611:
573:
380:
254:
219:
2745:
5596:
5560:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5534:
4902:"Syrian opposition group that killed child 'was in US-vetted alliance'"
3196:
2870:
2088:
2050:
1749:
1741:
1672:
1608:
1569:
1417:
1392:
1304:
969:
835:
788:
745:
680:
was used in certain cases. France abolished the death penalty in 1981.
658:
584:
498:
215:
162:
72:
5255:
5212:
The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia
4933:
1838:. It is a broad-bladed two-handed axe. It was last used when murderer
1039:, decapitation was a common punishment, sometimes for minor offences.
5654:
5627:
5529:
5319:
3549:
2695:
2061:
1931:
1922:
1898:, has alleged it uses beheading as one of the methods of punishment.
1764:
1591:
The first person executed by the guillotine in France was highwayman
1424:
1364:
1300:
1192:
960:
881:
651:
580:
565:
358:
258:
116:
92:
3805:
2370:"Suicidal hanging resulting in complete decapitation: a case report"
1088:
955:, decapitation was considered a more severe form of punishment than
335:
5659:
5571:
4775:"Justice by the Sword: Saudi Arabia's Embrace of the Death Penalty"
4686:
4432:"East Germany Reports Execution of Auschwitz 'selection' Physician"
2543:
1982:
1863:
1649:
and three others were beheaded. These were the first executions in
1624:
1464:
1059:
open, another warrior would strike his head off from behind with a
1008:
Japanese illustration depicting the beheading of Chinese captives.
717:
709:
262:
140:
108:
100:
4381:"asfpg ~ Altonaer Stiftung für philosophische Grundlagenforschung"
1842:
was executed in 1825, the last execution in peacetime in Finland.
1834:'s official beheading axe resides today at the Museum of Crime in
1408:
picks up his own severed head after Gawain has struck it off in a
614:, muscles, and other critically important tissues) is not likely.
343:
5581:
5576:
5524:
5519:
5408:
5366:
1938:
1831:
1813:
1809:
1797:
1635:
1499:
1432:
1132:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1040:
944:
815:
784:
755:
684:
627:
603:
and turtles may continue to move temporarily after decapitation.
576:
across a number of different species of animals, including rats.
549:
430:
362:
243:
223:
154:
104:
5104:[The Zetas were trained by the School of the Americas].
3018:. p. 5: Your Brain Stays Active After You Get Decapitated.
2775:
A Complete History of England, from the Descent of Julius Caesar
1854:
The beheading of the 15th Century Castilian Royal favorite, Don
5297:
5267:
5004:
2691:
An Introduction to Comparative Legal Models of Criminal Justice
1835:
1817:
1801:
1695:
1691:
1543:
1542:
after execution. Perhaps the most famous beheading was that of
1535:
1490:
1480:
1060:
792:
688:
592:
545:
422:
158:
96:
4192:
Holmes, Clive (2010), "The Trial and Execution of Charles I",
3492:[Murder of two UN experts: the DRC presents a video].
3002:
Hillman, Harold (27 October 1983). "An Unnatural Way to Die".
712:'s forces during the early 19th century; and, as of 1870, the
417:
5622:
3490:"Meurtre de deux experts de l'ONU: la RDC présente une vidéo"
2470:
2367:
2178:, a martyred saint who supposedly carries their severed head.
1812:
in 1830 were carried out with axes. The same was the case in
1789:
1531:
1337:
1236:. At least one case is documented and proven in court by the
1036:
952:
588:
474:
376:
231:
211:
207:
5102:"Los Zetas fueron entrenados por la Escuela de las Américas"
4872:"Jihadist rebels behead 2 Syrian soldiers in northern Syria"
3869:
The Frontier Ablaze: The North-west Frontier Rising, 1897–98
1240:
where mujahedin, members of 3rd Corps of Army BiH, beheaded
5076:"Borderland Beat: Los Zetas recruit Las Maras in Guatemala"
4312:[Thirty years ago, the last execution took place],
2117:
1891:
713:
339:
273:
The word decapitation has its roots in the Late Latin word
5685:
Resolutions concerning death penalty at the United Nations
5196:
Kill Anything that Moves: The Real American War in Vietnam
5181:
Kill Anything that Moves: The Real American War in Vietnam
5166:
Kill Anything that Moves: The Real American War in Vietnam
875:, the conflict and ethnic massacre between local army and
779:
was reserved for common criminals and people convicted of
4154:. Part II. p. 1243, read with pages viii and x of Part I.
3290:"Fact or Fiction?: A Cockroach Can Live without Its Head"
1858:. Painting by José María Rodríguez de Losada (1826–1896).
1793:
1113:). These unusual punishments were abolished in the early
1024:
466:
203:
3692:"Azerbaijan: Armenian Prisoners of War Badly Mistreated"
2434:
2337:"Sharia Criminal Procedure Code Law 2005, No. 6 of 2005"
2123:
1358:(5.29.4) wrote the following about Celtic head-hunting:
1161:
Historically, decapitation had been the main method of
261:, to make the deceased more difficult to identify, for
257:, as a secondary stage of an execution by hanging, for
5049:"US created monsters: Zetas and Kaibiles death squads"
4255:
3323:"Decapitated Snake Head Nearly Kills Man – Here's How"
646:, England, from 1286 until the 17th century, and the "
539:
4163:
501:, for example, relates the following about her death:
5245:
3635:
Beliakov, Dmitry; Franchetti, Mark (10 April 2016).
2473:"Death Due to Railway-Related Suicidal Decapitation"
1955:
Saudi Arabia has a criminal justice system based on
1363:
animals in certain kinds of hunting. They embalm in
1136:
826:. As these resistance fighters were not part of any
4804:
4802:
4715:"Sword of Justice? Beheadings Rise in Saudi Arabia"
1997:. However, the terrorist organisation known as the
1181:Illustration of the beheading of a prisoner of the
194:that are needed for the body to function. The term
3634:
3463:
3450:History of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1814
2730:
1599:, in Marseille, in 1977. Throughout its extensive
1595:in April 1792. The last execution was of murderer
34:. For decapitation in the context of voting, see
4846:"Syrian Rebels used a child to behead a prisoner"
4310:"Il y a 30 ans, avait lieu la dernière exécution"
3461:
1141:(망나니) and they were volunteered from death rows.
856:
631:Aristocratic heads on pikes – a cartoon from the
5707:
5008:American Foreign Relations: Volume 2: Since 1895
4848:. Human Rights Investigation. 12 December 2012.
4799:
4532:"Van het Barokke leven", Baarn 1957 Bl. 183–188.
4465:["Close Shot In The Back Of The Head"].
4058:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3866:Barthorp, Michael; Anderson, Douglas N. (1996).
3865:
3637:"Former Russian states on brink of renewing war"
2613:
2585:"Losing our Heads (review of Larson's "Severed"
2571:Severed: a history of heads lost and heads found
1752:, an anti-Nazi group, were also executed by the
560:occurs after 3–6 minutes with no oxygen, due to
41:"Decapitated" redirects here. For the band, see
5108:(in Spanish). La Crónica de Hoy. Archived from
4745:"Saudi Arabia: An upsurge in public executions"
4674:
4289:
1135:in 1896. Professional executioners were called
4964:"La Familia: Another Deadly Mexican Syndicate"
4318:(in French), 10 September 2007, archived from
3009:
2952:Gabriel Beaurieux, writing in 1905, quoted in
1108:
1093:
818:between 1933 and 1945, a number that includes
708:until recent years. It had been brought in by
638:Early versions of the guillotine included the
407:Depiction of a public execution in Brueghel's
226:or other violent injury. The national laws of
5335:
4040:. Archived from the original on 5 August 2009
3830:Bugles and a tiger: a volume of autobiography
2637:
2635:
1760:was also decapitated by People's Court order.
1675:in which he was found guilty of starting the
968:). In addition, there was also a practice of
190:, while all other organs are deprived of the
5198:. New York: Metropolitan Books. p. 161.
5183:. New York: Metropolitan Books. p. 162.
5168:. New York: Metropolitan Books. p. 163.
4706:
3684:
2876:The history of the reign of Henry the eighth
2731:Giovénal, Carine; Corbellari, Alain (2020).
2151:; a generally, but not always, fatal injury.
791:resistance movement, a group of students in
774:
758:until the abolition of the death penalty in
749:
724:
322:
321:, in Medieval Latin, whence the French word
4543:"Iran: Violation of Human Rights 1987–1990"
4535:
4487:
3041:van Rijn, Clementina M. (27 January 2011).
2687:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
1744:protest movement, were all beheaded by the
1473:They slew the noblest Romans of their time.
1187:Mechanics and Crafts of the People of Annam
920:was decapitated by Azerbaijani servicemen.
716:still claimed the authority to use it. The
446:
316:
310:
304:
298:
292:
286:
280:
274:
5342:
5328:
5148:
4988:(1st ed.), p. 46, Transaction Publishers.
4545:. Amnesty International. 1 December 1990.
3418:Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers
2839:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2632:
2614:Dunmore, Charles; Fleischer, Rita (2008).
1256:A contemporary German print depicting the
654:from the 16th through the 18th centuries.
61:
27:Total separation of the head from the body
4615:
4348:"Photographic image of newspaper article"
4177:
3659:
3598:
3205:
3195:
3076:
3066:
2929:
2919:
2744:
2428:
2018:Panel showing ballplayer being beheaded,
1993:The Syrian government employs hanging as
1796:. The last executions by decapitation in
1603:, the device was also used, including on
1219:
939:Ranked beheaded bodies on the ground, in
4712:
4405:
4227:
3628:
3040:
2800:
2771:
2674:
2013:
1905:
1849:
1690:were beheaded with the axe and block in
1446:
1374:
1251:
1191:
1176:
1014:
1003:
934:
844:
731:
691:relinquished control of it, as shown in
626:
534:
527:To ensure that the blow would be fatal,
509:
495:Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury
416:
402:
386:
352:
334:
170:
149:
126:
5690:Capital punishment for drug trafficking
4958:
4952:
4616:Ignatieff, Michael (14 November 2004).
3947:
3826:
3383:
3228:
3177:
3001:
2953:
2688:Roberson, Cliff; Das, Dilip K. (2008).
2374:International Journal of Legal Medicine
1368:refused the weight of the head in gold.
1055:). After the victim had sliced his own
762:in 1949. It was last used in communist
587:. A number of other animals, including
265:, or for other, more esoteric reasons.
14:
5708:
5349:
5208:
4460:
4191:
4104:
3560:from the original on 28 September 2020
3384:Sjøgren, Kristian (13 February 2014).
3134:
2901:
2582:
2551:from the original on 27 September 2008
1630:In July 1931, notorious serial killer
1550:, had his hands (which had penned the
1475:The helpless victims they decapitated,
1442:
1082:(杉谷善住坊), who attempted to assassinate
179:emperor executing people, 18th century
5323:
5193:
5178:
5163:
5082:from the original on 25 February 2021
4810:"Death Sentences and Executions 2013"
4597:from the original on 26 February 2017
4493:
4442:from the original on 21 February 2022
4408:"Movies: About Das Beil von Wandsbek"
4271:Pirlo, Paolo O. (1997). "St. Denis".
4270:
4119:
3984:from the original on 21 February 2022
3704:from the original on 23 February 2023
3478:from the original on 11 January 2022.
3414:
3355:"AL man battles headless rattlesnake"
3320:
3302:from the original on 27 December 2013
2859:. Vol. XII part II. p. 393.
2213:List of methods of capital punishment
2124:Notable people who have been beheaded
1435:carried his head to the Holy Well on
740:just before being guillotined in 1894
421:Depiction of the public execution of
5695:Capital punishment for homosexuality
4549:from the original on 9 December 2018
4475:from the original on 18 January 2022
4361:from the original on 1 December 2017
4264:
3904:
3872:. Windrow & Greene. p. 12.
3586:from the original on 11 October 2023
3099:
3010:Shanna Freeman (17 September 2008).
2869:
2778:. Vol. 4. London. p. 488.
2349:from the original on 13 October 2023
2194:who decapitated some of his victims.
2041:were tried for treason, executed by
1876:Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn
1868:Anthony van Stralen, Lord of Merksem
1756:later that same year. The anti-Nazi
1724:In February 1943, American academic
1721:had been executed by the same means.
1580:during the last days of the kingdom
1477:An act of infamy with shame related.
285:can be discerned from its morphemes
5073:
4914:from the original on 3 January 2019
4140:Chronological Table of the Statutes
4066:
3462:Our Foreign Staff (4 August 2017).
2804:On the Trail of Mary Queen of Scots
2416:from the original on 20 August 2023
2274:from the original on 8 October 2014
1921:Beheadings have emerged as another
1779:
988:recorded in his autobiography that
540:Physiology of death by decapitation
214:, or by mechanical means such as a
131:Beheadings in an illumination from
24:
4940:from the original on 11 March 2020
4591:"Saddam halshögg 50 prostituerade"
4098:
4086:from the original on 14 April 2019
3616:from the original on 14 April 2016
3500:from the original on 6 August 2017
3396:from the original on 7 August 2018
1951:Capital punishment in Saudi Arabia
1601:overseas colonies and dependencies
822:both within Germany itself and in
479:Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex
25:
5742:
5618:Most recent executions by country
5241:
4968:Foreign Policy Research Institute
4852:from the original on 6 April 2013
4787:from the original on 7 April 2014
4694:from the original on 1 April 2009
4233:Druids: A Very Short Introduction
4074:"The Execution of King Charles I"
3952:. Cassell Military. p. 190.
3660:Kerkonian, Karnig (19 May 2016).
3612:Armenian Service. 11 April 2016.
3530:from the original on 13 July 2018
3229:Kongara, Kavitha (January 2014).
3178:Hawkins, Penny (23 August 2016).
3022:from the original on 6 April 2014
2653:from the original on 28 July 2017
2595:from the original on 28 July 2017
2244:from the original on 29 July 2017
2105:, son of the famous WWII general
1534:—to be publicly displayed on the
1348:among the Mediterranean peoples.
1340:of western Europe long pursued a
1303:in 1649, after being captured by
914:2016 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes
824:countries occupied by Nazi forces
803:, were executed by decapitation.
544:Decapitation is quickly fatal to
491:Caroline Matilda of Great Britain
346:'s beheaded body – an episode of
5296:
5029:from the original on 8 June 2024
4878:. 13 August 2019. Archived from
4662:from the original on 8 June 2024
4630:from the original on 28 May 2015
4387:from the original on 31 May 2017
3929:from the original on 8 June 2024
3886:from the original on 8 June 2024
3847:from the original on 8 June 2024
3672:from the original on 6 July 2022
3365:from the original on 8 June 2024
3287:
3269:from the original on 8 June 2024
2883:from the original on 8 June 2024
2821:from the original on 8 June 2024
2782:from the original on 8 June 2024
2753:from the original on 26 May 2021
2712:from the original on 8 June 2024
2519:from the original on 8 June 2024
2450:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.05.005
2317:from the original on 21 May 2024
2289:
2130:List of people who were beheaded
2082:
2004:
1995:its method of capital punishment
683:The guillotine was also used in
661:was invented shortly before the
441:by beheading for millennia. The
5670:Religion and capital punishment
5202:
5187:
5172:
5157:
5149:Washington, Harriet A. (2006).
5142:
5134:. 18 April 2017. Archived from
5124:
5094:
5067:
5041:
4998:
4978:
4926:
4894:
4864:
4838:
4767:
4755:from the original on 1 May 2020
4737:
4642:
4609:
4583:
4561:
4522:
4461:Halter, Hans (25 August 1991).
4454:
4424:
4399:
4373:
4340:
4302:
4243:
4221:
4185:
4157:
4132:
4113:
4030:
4018:from the original on 8 May 2009
3996:
3966:
3941:
3908:John Masters: a regimented life
3898:
3859:
3820:
3794:
3768:
3742:
3716:
3653:
3610:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
3572:
3542:
3512:
3482:
3455:
3439:
3408:
3386:"Why do headless chickens run?"
3377:
3347:
3314:
3281:
3222:
3171:
3128:
3093:
3034:
2995:
2946:
2895:
2863:
2847:
2794:
2765:
2724:
2665:
2607:
2583:Fabian, Ann (1 December 2014).
2576:
2438:Journal of Psychiatric Research
2264:"Blows Head Off with Dynamite?"
2172:, a result from a decapitation.
1944:
1653:. The executions concerned the
1566:abolition of capital punishment
1416:carried his head to the top of
1402:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
556:). Cell death and irreversible
489:, favorite of the Danish queen
297:(head). The past participle of
30:For the military strategy, see
4568:Text of the Iran Democracy Act
4506:: 55–69, 94–95. Archived from
4463:""Nahschuß in den Hinterkopf""
3915:: Michael Joseph. p. 62.
3724:"原來斬頭係唔會即刻死既(仲識講野)中國有好多斬頭案例!!"
3321:Leahy, Stephen (7 June 2018).
3137:Neurotoxicology and Teratology
3012:"Top 10 Myths About the Brain"
2563:
2539:"Guillotine death was suicide"
2531:
2464:
2361:
2329:
2297:
2256:
2230:
1881:
1671:by guillotine in 1934 after a
1431:, who after being beheaded by
1383:, Irish, 1st or 2nd century AD
1285:Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1973
857:Historical practices by nation
744:Many German states had used a
704:Another guillotine existed in
250:and by guillotine are known.
202:; it may be performed with an
13:
1:
5613:Enforcement or use by country
4713:Weinberg, Jon (Winter 2008).
4682:"Saudi executioner tells all"
3833:. Viking Press. p. 190.
2587:Chronicle of Higher Education
2477:Medicine, Science and the Law
2223:
2141:Atlanto-occipital dislocation
1456:Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld
1452:Beheading of John the Baptist
1398:carry their own severed heads
1283:and finally abolished by the
1273:Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat
1226:war in Bosnia and Herzegovina
970:cutting the body at the waist
916:, Yazidi-Armenian serviceman
907:
622:
617:
248:suicide by train decapitation
4780:International Business Times
4719:Harvard International Review
3157:10.1016/0892-0362(92)90004-t
3114:10.1016/0024-3205(91)90391-n
3068:10.1371/journal.pone.0016514
2733:"42 | 2020 Le chief tranché"
1748:. Four other members of the
1728:and the university students
992:in British India during the
873:Democratic Republic of Congo
433:, Germany, 10 September 1573
268:
7:
5540:Hanged, drawn and quartered
4984:Grayson, George W. (2012).
3606:"Armenian Soldier Reburied"
2977:The Chirurgeon's Apprentice
2956:A History of the Guillotine
2902:Turner, Matthew D. (2023).
2647:Online Etymology Dictionary
2270:. 2 April 1937. p. 7.
2134:
1963:by beheading with a sword.
1277:hanged, drawn and quartered
1165:, until it was replaced by
1156:
1144:
1137:
1094:
925:Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
723:
10:
5747:
5209:Miller, Wilbur R. (2012).
4936:. SOHR. 21 February 2020.
4406:Mannikka, Eleanor (2008).
4126:Cambridge University Press
4038:"Third Amended Indictment"
3423:W. W. Norton & Company
2618:(Second ed.). Focus.
2268:The Rhinelander Daily News
2127:
1948:
1773:German Democratic Republic
1614:
1546:who, on instructions from
1342:"cult of the severed head"
1329:
1247:
1172:
487:Johann Friedrich Struensee
397:Giulio Quaglio the Younger
330:
279:. The meaning of the word
157:using the severed head of
40:
29:
5605:
5417:
5357:
5249:
4618:"The Terrorist as Auteur"
4494:Otonkoski, Pirkko-Leena.
4208:10.1017/S0018246X10000026
4079:National Portrait Gallery
2954:Kershaw, Alister (1958).
2218:Mike the Headless Chicken
2203:François-Jean de la Barre
2027:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
2009:
1928:beheadings are videotaped
1593:Nicolas Jacques Pelletier
1559:
1391:, "Amongst the Celts the
1289:King Charles I of England
1214:
1109:
861:
840:execution by firing squad
309:which was used to create
115:
87:
69:
60:
55:
5359:Current judicial methods
4410:. Movies & TV Dept.
4122:Outlines of Criminal Law
3750:""无头人"挑战传统医学 人类还有个"腹脑"?"
3247:10.1177/0023677213502016
2807:. Glasgow. p. 161.
2238:"Definition of HEADSMAN"
2188:Cleveland Torso Murderer
2020:Classic Veracruz culture
1988:
1872:Lamoral, Count of Egmont
1845:
1792:, and commoners with an
1325:
1153:for capital punishment.
1151:employs death by hanging
1126:
999:
979:
930:
866:
748:-like device known as a
234:permit beheading. Under
5315:CapitalPunishmentUK.org
4573:5 November 2019 at the
4297:Early Christian Ireland
4273:My First Book of Saints
4237:Oxford University Press
2879:. London. p. 151.
2801:Cheetham, J.K. (2000).
2489:10.1258/rsmmsl.46.4.347
2047:Alhóndiga de Granaditas
1901:
1886:
1623:, a serial killer from
1493:'s, the voice of Rome.
1010:First Sino-Japanese War
902:
834:and were in many cases
830:, they were considered
795:that included siblings
657:The modern form of the
5215:. Sage. p. 1856.
4819:. 2014. Archived from
4195:The Historical Journal
4105:Fraser, Sarah (2012).
3948:Masters, John (2002).
3913:University of Michigan
3827:Masters, John (1956).
2147:is dislodged from the
2068:School of the Americas
2023:
1911:
1859:
1495:
1459:
1384:
1370:
1264:
1220:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1204:
1189:
1149:Pakistan's government
1032:
1012:
948:
853:
775:
750:
741:
725:
635:
579:Some animals (such as
524:
508:
447:
437:Humans have practiced
434:
414:
400:
384:
350:
323:
317:
311:
305:
299:
293:
287:
281:
275:
180:
168:
147:
5305:at Wikimedia Commons
4817:Amnesty International
4783:. 11 September 2012.
4749:Amnesty International
4315:Le Nouvel Observateur
4144:The Stationery Office
2772:Smollett, T. (1758).
2386:10.1007/s004140050199
2077:psychological warfare
2017:
1972:Amnesty International
1909:
1853:
1684:Benita von Falkenhayn
1669:Marinus van der Lubbe
1641:On 1 August 1933, in
1564:In France, until the
1462:
1450:
1378:
1360:
1352:, in his 1st-century
1255:
1195:
1180:
1163:execution in Thailand
1018:
1007:
938:
848:
735:
698:The Battle of Algiers
630:
535:Physiological aspects
513:
503:
420:
406:
390:
356:
338:
192:involuntary functions
174:
153:
130:
36:decapitation strategy
5194:Turse, Nick (2013).
5179:Turse, Nick (2013).
5164:Turse, Nick (2013).
4974:on 3 September 2009.
4876:AMN – Al-Masdar News
4579:United States Senate
4179:10.4000/episteme.430
3415:Roach, Mary (2004).
2921:10.7759/cureus.33830
2856:The Complete Peerage
2616:Studies in Etymology
2342:. 23 November 2005.
2035:José Mariano Jiménez
1822:Johan Filip Nordlund
1771:was executed by the
1659:Altonaer Blutsonntag
1655:Altona Bloody Sunday
1578:Legislative Assembly
984:The British officer
642:, which was used in
608:head transplantation
529:executioners' swords
483:Mary, Queen of Scots
410:The Triumph of Death
5503:Republican marriage
5432:Damnatio ad bestias
5112:on 25 February 2021
5055:on 24 December 2016
4510:on 27 December 2010
4420:on 7 December 2008.
4322:on 27 February 2008
4107:The Last Highlander
3905:Clay, John (1992).
3700:. 2 December 2020.
3471:The Daily Telegraph
3328:National Geographic
3295:Scientific American
3149:1992NTxT...14..253H
3059:2011PLoSO...616514R
2746:10.4000/babel.11036
2310:. 12 October 1994.
1715:Werner Seelenbinder
1704:Werner Seelenbinder
1586:François Mitterrand
1443:Classical antiquity
1211:regime until 1962.
851:Ambrogio Lorenzetti
820:resistance fighters
315:, the noun form of
32:Decapitation strike
5721:Capital punishment
5675:Wrongful execution
5587:Suffocation in ash
5443:Blowing from a gun
5351:Capital punishment
4960:Grayson, George W.
4623:The New York Times
4413:The New York Times
4355:Grandcolombier.com
4334:Google translation
4120:Kenny, C. (1936).
3950:Bugles and a Tiger
3782:on 19 October 2017
3697:Human Rights Watch
3556:. 7 October 2017.
3235:Laboratory Animals
3197:10.3390/ani6090050
2739:(in French) (42).
2155:Beheading in Islam
2073:torture techniques
2024:
1912:
1896:Islamic Revolution
1860:
1826:Johan Alfred Ander
1694:for espionage for
1688:Renate von Natzmer
1574:Jean Bastien-Thiry
1460:
1385:
1355:Historical Library
1332:Celtic headhunting
1265:
1205:
1190:
1033:
1013:
949:
854:
742:
636:
525:
439:capital punishment
435:
415:
401:
391:"The beheading of
385:
361:of a miniature on
351:
181:
169:
148:
43:Decapitated (band)
5731:Execution methods
5703:
5702:
5680:Botched execution
5301:Media related to
5293:
5292:
5138:on 18 April 2017.
4962:(February 2009).
4882:on 15 August 2019
4295:Charles-Edwards,
4239:. pp. 71–72.
4152:978-0-11-840509-6
4124:(15th ed.).
3959:978-0-304-36156-4
3922:978-0-7181-2945-3
3879:978-1-85915-023-8
3649:on 19 April 2016.
3432:978-0-393-32482-2
3108:(19): 1399–1402.
2547:. 24 April 2003.
1918:as late as 2000.
1894:, since the 1979
1713:In October 1944,
1682:In February 1935
1611:as late as 1965.
1582:French Revolution
1313:tried for treason
1309:English Civil War
1196:Guillotine under
994:Anglo-Afghan Wars
787:. Members of the
736:French anarchist
663:French Revolution
633:French Revolution
517:Cosmas and Damian
515:The Beheading of
457:French Revolution
429:and his crew) in
373:Sebastian Münster
143:on the orders of
125:
124:
71:The Beheading of
50:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
5738:
5389:Nitrogen hypoxia
5384:Lethal injection
5344:
5337:
5330:
5321:
5320:
5300:
5247:
5246:
5235:
5234:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5161:
5155:
5154:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5128:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5071:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5051:. Archived from
5045:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5013:Cengage Learning
5002:
4996:
4982:
4976:
4975:
4970:. Archived from
4956:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4842:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4825:
4814:
4806:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4725:on 20 March 2014
4721:. Archived from
4710:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4646:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4587:
4581:
4565:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4539:
4533:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4438:. 11 July 1966.
4428:
4422:
4421:
4416:. Archived from
4403:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4352:
4344:
4338:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4306:
4300:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4268:
4262:
4259:
4253:
4251:Early Celtic Art
4249:Paul Jacobsthal
4247:
4241:
4240:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4161:
4155:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4057:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3804:. Archived from
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3778:. Archived from
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3756:on 3 August 2012
3752:. Archived from
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3726:. Archived from
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3645:. Archived from
3642:The Sunday Times
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3467:
3459:
3453:
3446:Mignet, François
3443:
3437:
3436:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3331:. Archived from
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3209:
3199:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3080:
3070:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3007:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2979:. Archived from
2969:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2933:
2923:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2838:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2748:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2685:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2580:
2574:
2573:Liveright, 2014.
2569:Francis Larson.
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2348:
2341:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2309:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2234:
2120:became a state.
2107:George S. Patton
2103:George Patton IV
2058:Mexican Drug War
1808:in 1609, and in
1786:Nordic countries
1780:Nordic countries
1763:In 1966, former
1738:Christoph Probst
1597:Hamida Djandoubi
1513:
1508:I:60 (Trans. by
1483:'s, who brought
1400:, right down to
1350:Diodorus Siculus
1305:parliamentarians
1297:Banqueting House
1244:Dragan Popović.
1140:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1081:
1073:Sugitani Zenjubō
1023:, an Australian
1021:Leonard Siffleet
832:common criminals
808:Johann Reichhart
781:political crimes
778:
753:
738:Auguste Vaillant
728:
693:Gillo Pontecorvo
674:Charlotte Corday
465:If a headsman's
450:
326:
320:
314:
308:
302:
296:
290:
284:
278:
188:oxygenated blood
175:Depiction of an
121:Invariably fatal
82:Málaga Cathedral
65:
53:
52:
21:
5746:
5745:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5735:
5726:Causes of death
5706:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5665:List of methods
5650:Final statement
5601:
5422:
5420:
5413:
5353:
5348:
5294:
5289:
5288:
5258:
5244:
5239:
5238:
5223:
5207:
5203:
5192:
5188:
5177:
5173:
5162:
5158:
5147:
5143:
5130:
5129:
5125:
5115:
5113:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5085:
5083:
5072:
5068:
5058:
5056:
5047:
5046:
5042:
5032:
5030:
5023:
5003:
4999:
4983:
4979:
4957:
4953:
4943:
4941:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4917:
4915:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4885:
4883:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4855:
4853:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4829:
4827:
4826:on 4 March 2017
4823:
4812:
4808:
4807:
4800:
4790:
4788:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4758:
4756:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4726:
4711:
4707:
4697:
4695:
4690:. 5 June 2003.
4680:
4679:
4675:
4665:
4663:
4658:. 18 May 2004.
4648:
4647:
4643:
4633:
4631:
4614:
4610:
4600:
4598:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4575:Wayback Machine
4566:
4562:
4552:
4550:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4527:
4523:
4513:
4511:
4492:
4488:
4478:
4476:
4459:
4455:
4445:
4443:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4404:
4400:
4390:
4388:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4332:
4325:
4323:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4299:, p. 467 n. 82.
4294:
4290:
4283:
4269:
4265:
4260:
4256:
4248:
4244:
4229:Cunliffe, Barry
4226:
4222:
4190:
4186:
4166:Études Épistémè
4162:
4158:
4137:
4133:
4118:
4114:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4051:
4050:
4043:
4041:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4021:
4019:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3987:
3985:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3960:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3930:
3923:
3903:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3880:
3864:
3860:
3850:
3848:
3841:
3825:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3808:on 20 June 2009
3800:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3707:
3705:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3658:
3654:
3633:
3629:
3619:
3617:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3587:
3582:. 29 May 2019.
3578:
3577:
3573:
3563:
3561:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3533:
3531:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3460:
3456:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3425:. p. 208.
3413:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3382:
3378:
3368:
3366:
3361:. 7 June 2018.
3353:
3352:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3288:Choi, Charles.
3286:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3227:
3223:
3176:
3172:
3133:
3129:
3098:
3094:
3039:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3016:How Stuff Works
3000:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2983:on 9 April 2014
2971:
2966:
2958:. John Calder.
2951:
2947:
2900:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2868:
2864:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2822:
2815:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2706:
2698:. p. 172.
2686:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2641:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2581:
2577:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2469:
2465:
2433:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2277:
2275:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2165:Blood atonement
2160:Beheading video
2137:
2132:
2126:
2085:
2031:Ignacio Allende
2012:
2007:
1991:
1953:
1947:
1904:
1889:
1884:
1848:
1782:
1758:Helmuth Hübener
1726:Mildred Harnack
1617:
1607:in 1889 and on
1562:
1515:
1497:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1445:
1389:Paul Jacobsthal
1334:
1328:
1269:British history
1250:
1232:members of the
1222:
1217:
1175:
1159:
1147:
1129:
1098:
1075:
1002:
982:
951:In traditional
933:
910:
905:
869:
864:
859:
812:Weimar Republic
730:
650:", employed in
625:
620:
597:nervous systems
542:
537:
427:Klein Henszlein
348:Norse mythology
333:
291:(down, from) +
271:
107:); unintended (
78:Enrique Simonet
51:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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5734:
5733:
5728:
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5718:
5701:
5700:
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5697:
5692:
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5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
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5657:
5652:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5609:
5607:
5606:Related topics
5603:
5602:
5600:
5599:
5594:
5592:Upright jerker
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5495:
5490:
5488:Disembowelment
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5458:Breaking wheel
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5427:
5425:
5421:post-classical
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5369:
5363:
5361:
5355:
5354:
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5346:
5339:
5332:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5275:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:Classification
5243:
5242:External links
5240:
5237:
5236:
5221:
5201:
5186:
5171:
5156:
5141:
5123:
5106:cronica.com.mx
5093:
5066:
5040:
5021:
4997:
4977:
4951:
4925:
4893:
4863:
4837:
4798:
4766:
4736:
4705:
4673:
4641:
4608:
4582:
4560:
4534:
4521:
4502:(in Finnish).
4486:
4453:
4423:
4398:
4372:
4339:
4301:
4288:
4281:
4263:
4254:
4242:
4220:
4202:(2): 289–316,
4184:
4156:
4131:
4128:. p. 323.
4112:
4097:
4065:
4029:
4012:United Nations
3995:
3965:
3958:
3940:
3921:
3897:
3878:
3858:
3839:
3819:
3793:
3767:
3741:
3730:on 7 July 2011
3715:
3683:
3652:
3627:
3597:
3571:
3541:
3511:
3481:
3454:
3438:
3431:
3407:
3376:
3346:
3335:on 7 June 2018
3313:
3280:
3221:
3170:
3143:(4): 253–257.
3127:
3092:
3033:
2994:
2964:
2945:
2894:
2862:
2846:
2813:
2793:
2764:
2723:
2704:
2673:
2664:
2643:"Decapitation"
2631:
2624:
2606:
2575:
2562:
2530:
2483:(4): 347–348.
2463:
2444:(1): 121–125.
2427:
2360:
2328:
2296:
2284:Newspapers.com
2255:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2136:
2133:
2128:Main article:
2125:
2122:
2114:Utah Territory
2084:
2081:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
1990:
1987:
1946:
1943:
1916:Saddam Hussein
1903:
1900:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1856:Álvaro de Luna
1847:
1844:
1840:Tahvo Putkonen
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1761:
1754:People's Court
1722:
1711:
1707:
1680:
1677:Reichstag fire
1666:
1639:
1628:
1621:Fritz Haarmann
1616:
1613:
1561:
1558:
1524:Roman Republic
1461:
1444:
1441:
1410:beheading game
1327:
1324:
1318:In England, a
1262:King Charles I
1249:
1246:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1183:Nguyễn dynasty
1174:
1171:
1158:
1155:
1146:
1143:
1128:
1125:
1086:, a prominent
1066:Sengoku period
1053:disembowelment
1001:
998:
981:
978:
932:
929:
909:
906:
904:
901:
893:Kasaï Province
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
729:
722:
640:Halifax Gibbet
624:
621:
619:
616:
562:excitotoxicity
554:brain ischemia
541:
538:
536:
533:
443:Narmer Palette
332:
329:
327:was produced.
270:
267:
259:public display
123:
122:
119:
113:
112:
89:
85:
84:
76:. Painting by
67:
66:
58:
57:
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5743:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5643:Scharfrichter
5641:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5493:Dismemberment
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5416:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5394:Electrocution
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5345:
5340:
5338:
5333:
5331:
5326:
5325:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5310:Crime Library
5308:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5299:
5285:
5281:
5280:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5252:
5248:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5222:9781412988766
5218:
5214:
5213:
5205:
5197:
5190:
5182:
5175:
5167:
5160:
5152:
5145:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5097:
5081:
5077:
5070:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5028:
5024:
5022:9781285433332
5018:
5014:
5010:
5009:
5001:
4995:
4994:9781412846172
4991:
4987:
4981:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4955:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4897:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4867:
4851:
4847:
4841:
4822:
4818:
4811:
4805:
4803:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4770:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4740:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4709:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4677:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4645:
4629:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4612:
4596:
4592:
4586:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4564:
4548:
4544:
4538:
4531:
4525:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4490:
4474:
4471:(in German).
4470:
4469:
4464:
4457:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4427:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4402:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4360:
4356:
4349:
4343:
4335:
4321:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4305:
4298:
4292:
4284:
4282:971-91595-4-5
4278:
4274:
4267:
4258:
4252:
4246:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4224:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4188:
4180:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4142:, 1235–2010.
4141:
4135:
4127:
4123:
4116:
4108:
4101:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4061:
4055:
4039:
4033:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
3999:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3961:
3955:
3951:
3944:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3909:
3901:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3871:
3870:
3862:
3846:
3842:
3840:9780670194506
3836:
3832:
3831:
3823:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3755:
3751:
3745:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3631:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3499:
3496:(in French).
3495:
3491:
3485:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3466:
3458:
3451:
3447:
3442:
3434:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3411:
3395:
3391:
3390:ScienceNordic
3387:
3380:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3317:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3284:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3102:Life Sciences
3096:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3053:(1): e16514.
3052:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3005:
3004:New Scientist
2998:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2965:9781566191531
2961:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2914:(1): e33830.
2913:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2866:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2842:
2836:
2820:
2816:
2814:9780946487509
2810:
2806:
2805:
2797:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2768:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2711:
2707:
2705:9781420065930
2701:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2668:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2627:
2625:9781585100125
2621:
2617:
2610:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2579:
2572:
2566:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2431:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2345:
2338:
2332:
2313:
2306:
2300:
2292:
2285:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:Dismemberment
2196:
2193:
2192:serial killer
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2112:Although the
2110:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2083:United States
2080:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2016:
2005:North America
2002:
2000:
1999:Islamic State
1996:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1979:Ashraf Fayadh
1975:
1973:
1970:According to
1968:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1852:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1806:Faroe Islands
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1774:
1770:
1769:Horst Fischer
1766:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1734:Sophie Scholl
1731:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1540:Forum Romanum
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1486:
1482:
1479:One head was
1470:
1466:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1387:According to
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1212:
1210:
1209:South Vietnam
1203:
1202:South Vietnam
1199:
1198:Ngô Đình Diệm
1194:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1006:
997:
995:
991:
987:
977:
975:
971:
967:
962:
958:
957:strangulation
954:
947:, China, 1905
946:
942:
937:
928:
926:
921:
919:
918:Kyaram Sloyan
915:
900:
896:
894:
890:
889:Zaida Catalán
885:
883:
878:
877:Kamuina Nsapu
874:
852:
847:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
777:
772:
767:
765:
761:
757:
752:
747:
739:
734:
727:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
702:
700:
699:
694:
690:
686:
681:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
634:
629:
615:
613:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
532:
530:
523:
519:
518:
512:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
463:
460:
458:
452:
449:
444:
440:
432:
428:
424:
419:
412:
411:
405:
398:
394:
389:
382:
378:
375:(1488–1552),
374:
370:
369:
364:
360:
355:
349:
345:
341:
337:
328:
325:
319:
313:
307:
301:
295:
289:
283:
277:
266:
264:
260:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
240:Zamfara State
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
178:
173:
167:
164:
161:to turn King
160:
156:
152:
146:
145:Thomas Felton
142:
138:
134:
129:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
75:
74:
68:
64:
59:
54:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
5716:Decapitation
5577:Slow slicing
5559:
5430:
5403:
5377:firing squad
5303:Decapitation
5295:
5277:
5262:
5211:
5204:
5195:
5189:
5180:
5174:
5165:
5159:
5150:
5144:
5136:the original
5126:
5114:. Retrieved
5110:the original
5105:
5096:
5084:. Retrieved
5069:
5057:. Retrieved
5053:the original
5043:
5031:. Retrieved
5007:
5000:
4985:
4980:
4972:the original
4954:
4942:. Retrieved
4928:
4916:. Retrieved
4907:The Guardian
4905:
4896:
4884:. Retrieved
4880:the original
4875:
4866:
4854:. Retrieved
4840:
4830:19 September
4828:. Retrieved
4821:the original
4789:. Retrieved
4778:
4769:
4757:. Retrieved
4739:
4727:. Retrieved
4723:the original
4708:
4696:. Retrieved
4685:
4676:
4664:. Retrieved
4653:
4644:
4632:. Retrieved
4621:
4611:
4599:. Retrieved
4585:
4563:
4551:. Retrieved
4537:
4530:Dr. J. Geers
4524:
4512:. Retrieved
4508:the original
4503:
4499:
4489:
4477:. Retrieved
4466:
4456:
4444:. Retrieved
4435:
4426:
4418:the original
4411:
4401:
4389:. Retrieved
4375:
4363:. Retrieved
4354:
4342:
4324:, retrieved
4320:the original
4313:
4304:
4296:
4291:
4272:
4266:
4257:
4250:
4245:
4232:
4223:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4134:
4121:
4115:
4109:. p. 9.
4106:
4100:
4088:. Retrieved
4077:
4068:
4042:. Retrieved
4032:
4020:. Retrieved
4007:
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2182:Chhinnamasta
2176:Cephalophore
2170:Blood squirt
2143:, where the
2111:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2065:
2055:
2043:firing squad
2025:
1992:
1976:
1969:
1965:
1954:
1945:Saudi Arabia
1936:
1920:
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1861:
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1651:Nazi Germany
1632:Peter Kürten
1590:
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1422:
1406:Green Knight
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1371:
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1346:head hunters
1335:
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1295:outside the
1266:
1242:Bosnian Serb
1234:Bosnian Army
1223:
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1185:in the book
1160:
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1119:
1096:nokogiribiki
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1070:
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950:
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911:
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870:
849:A fresco by
828:regular army
805:
783:, including
771:Nazi Germany
768:
764:East Germany
760:West Germany
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696:
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558:brain damage
543:
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514:
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366:
357:Beheading –
324:décapitation
272:
252:
228:Saudi Arabia
195:
184:Decapitation
183:
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91:Deliberate (
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5633:Executioner
5473:Crucifixion
5448:Brazen bull
5438:Blood eagle
5419:Ancient and
5399:Gas chamber
5116:30 December
5086:26 December
5059:26 December
5033:30 December
4634:25 February
4601:25 February
4514:14 December
4468:Der Spiegel
4446:21 February
4391:25 February
4365:21 February
4022:21 February
3988:21 February
3978:Kotobank.jp
3812:25 February
3786:25 February
3734:25 February
3554:Aftonbladet
3306:25 February
2970:, cited by
2871:Hume, David
2248:25 February
2208:Headhunting
2096:Vietnam War
2094:During the
2056:During the
2039:Juan Aldama
1882:Middle East
1730:Hans Scholl
1719:Olga Bancic
1700:Olga Bancic
1661:) riot, an
1647:Bruno Tesch
1553:Philippicae
1548:Mark Antony
1520:crucifixion
1510:Garry Wills
1469:Mark Antony
1437:Omey Island
1414:Saint Denis
1320:bearded axe
1307:during the
1224:During the
1099: [
1076: [
1031:sword, 1943
912:During the
836:transported
801:Hans Scholl
687:before the
612:spinal cord
581:cockroaches
574:nociception
413:, 1562–1563
399:(1721–1723)
393:St. Barbara
381:Switzerland
318:decapitatus
312:decapitatio
306:decapitatus
220:executioner
18:Decapitated
5710:Categories
5597:Waist chop
5561:Mazzatello
5555:Ishikozume
5550:Impalement
5545:Immurement
5535:Guillotine
5483:Decimation
4666:26 October
4655:Al Jazeera
4553:5 November
4044:13 October
3708:9 December
3494:Lalibre.be
3190:(50): 50.
3006:: 276–278.
2887:16 October
2786:16 October
2599:1 December
2224:References
2089:Nat Turner
2051:Guanajuato
1949:See also:
1750:White Rose
1746:Nazi State
1742:White Rose
1673:show trial
1609:Martinique
1570:guillotine
1489:The other
1418:Montmartre
1412:, just as
1393:human head
1330:See also:
1291:, who was
1230:mujahideen
1029:shin guntō
966:quartering
908:Azerbaijan
789:White Rose
746:guillotine
659:guillotine
623:Guillotine
618:Technology
585:starvation
499:David Hume
300:decapitare
282:decapitare
276:decapitare
216:guillotine
163:Polydectes
137:Chronicles
93:executions
73:Saint Paul
5655:Last meal
5628:Death row
5530:Gibbeting
5404:Beheading
5231:768569594
5074:badanov.
4886:14 August
4729:26 August
4216:159524099
3590:30 August
3524:Ohchr.org
3452:, (1824).
3008:Cited in
2835:cite book
2696:CRC Press
2523:20 August
2497:0025-8024
2420:20 August
2394:1437-1596
2062:Los Zetas
1932:Nick Berg
1828:in 1910.
1816:in 1892.
1804:in 1876,
1800:in 1825,
1765:Auschwitz
1605:St Pierre
1522:. In the
1471:in crime:
1425:Connemara
1365:cedar oil
1301:Whitehall
1258:beheading
1169:in 1934.
961:Confucian
941:Caishikou
882:Bana Mura
766:in 1966.
667:execution
652:Edinburgh
606:Although
566:perfusion
548:and most
359:facsimile
269:Etymology
200:execution
196:beheading
177:Ethiopian
133:Froissart
117:Prognosis
109:accidents
80:in 1887,
5660:Penology
5572:Scaphism
5510:Elephant
5498:Drowning
5478:Crushing
5372:Shooting
5080:Archived
5027:Archived
4938:Archived
4912:Archived
4856:22 March
4850:Archived
4785:Archived
4759:2 August
4753:Archived
4692:Archived
4687:BBC News
4660:Archived
4628:Archived
4595:Archived
4571:Archived
4547:Archived
4479:29 March
4473:Archived
4440:Archived
4385:Archived
4359:Archived
4326:28 March
4231:(2010).
4146:. 2011.
4084:Archived
4054:cite web
4016:Archived
3982:Archived
3933:2 August
3927:Archived
3890:23 March
3884:Archived
3851:2 August
3845:Archived
3702:Archived
3670:Archived
3666:The Hill
3614:Archived
3584:Archived
3564:2 August
3558:Archived
3528:Archived
3504:5 August
3498:Archived
3476:Archived
3400:7 August
3394:Archived
3369:7 August
3363:Archived
3339:7 August
3300:Archived
3273:18 March
3267:Archived
3263:24006386
3255:24367032
3216:27563926
3087:21304584
3047:PLOS ONE
3020:Archived
2940:36819446
2881:Archived
2873:(1792).
2825:23 March
2819:Archived
2780:Archived
2757:11 March
2751:Archived
2716:2 August
2710:Archived
2651:Archived
2593:Archived
2549:Archived
2544:BBC News
2517:Archived
2513:41916384
2505:17191639
2458:20541771
2414:Archived
2344:Archived
2312:Archived
2272:Archived
2242:Archived
2135:See also
2101:General
2066:US Army
2022:, Mexico
1983:apostasy
1977:In 2015
1961:publicly
1957:Shari'ah
1864:garrotte
1625:Hannover
1485:triumphs
1467:matched
1465:Pothinus
1293:beheaded
1167:shooting
1157:Thailand
1145:Pakistan
1138:mangnani
1047:(ritual
776:Fallbeil
751:Fallbeil
726:Fallbeil
718:Holy See
710:Napoleon
695:'s film
601:chickens
425:(namely
342:finding
263:cryonics
166:to stone
141:Bordeaux
101:homicide
5582:Stoning
5525:Garrote
5520:Flaying
5515:Falling
5468:Burning
5453:Boiling
5423:methods
5409:Stoning
5367:Hanging
5284:D049248
4944:9 April
4918:9 April
4791:5 April
4698:11 July
4436:Jta.org
4090:2 March
3974:"善住坊とは"
3760:21 July
3534:13 July
3207:5035945
3184:Animals
3165:1522830
3145:Bibcode
3122:1943446
3078:3029360
3055:Bibcode
3026:8 April
2987:8 April
2931:9930870
2657:19 July
2410:7854416
2402:9932744
1939:hanging
1832:Finland
1814:Denmark
1810:Iceland
1798:Finland
1767:doctor
1740:of the
1636:Cologne
1615:Germany
1538:in the
1505:Epigram
1500:Martial
1433:Vikings
1281:in 1870
1248:Britain
1173:Vietnam
1133:hanging
1057:abdomen
1049:suicide
1045:seppuku
1041:Samurai
990:Pathans
945:Beijing
871:In the
816:Austria
785:treason
756:Germany
685:Algeria
644:Halifax
593:turtles
550:animals
431:Hamburg
423:pirates
365:in the
331:History
244:Nigeria
224:hanging
155:Perseus
105:suicide
5567:Sawing
5463:Burial
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4008:UN.org
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3676:6 July
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2353:20 May
2321:20 May
2010:Mexico
1923:terror
1836:Vantaa
1818:Sweden
1802:Norway
1736:, and
1696:Poland
1692:Berlin
1643:Altona
1560:France
1544:Cicero
1536:Rostra
1528:Marius
1491:Cicero
1481:Pompey
1458:, 1860
1215:Europe
1120:Shōgun
1089:daimyō
1061:katana
862:Africa
797:Sophie
793:Munich
773:, the
689:French
648:Maiden
591:, and
589:snakes
546:humans
481:, and
383:, 1552
294:capit-
255:trophy
236:Sharia
159:Medusa
97:murder
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5623:Crime
4824:(PDF)
4813:(PDF)
4500:Genos
4351:(JPG)
4212:S2CID
3802:"换人头"
3259:S2CID
2737:Babel
2509:S2CID
2406:S2CID
2347:(PDF)
2340:(PDF)
2315:(PDF)
2308:(PDF)
2149:spine
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1989:Syria
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1338:Celts
1326:Celts
1127:Korea
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1019:Sgt.
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520:, by
475:death
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5273:S18
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5217:ISBN
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5061:2014
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4990:ISBN
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4668:2021
4636:2017
4603:2017
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4328:2014
4277:ISBN
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3710:2020
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3592:2019
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3506:2017
3427:ISBN
3402:2018
3371:2018
3341:2018
3308:2017
3275:2019
3251:PMID
3212:PMID
3161:PMID
3118:PMID
3083:PMID
3028:2014
2989:2014
2960:ISBN
2936:PMID
2889:2020
2841:link
2827:2016
2809:ISBN
2788:2020
2759:2021
2718:2020
2700:ISBN
2659:2017
2620:ISBN
2601:2014
2557:2008
2525:2023
2501:PMID
2493:ISSN
2454:PMID
2422:2023
2398:PMID
2390:ISSN
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2323:2024
2280:2014
2250:2017
2190:, a
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2075:and
2037:and
1902:Iraq
1892:Iran
1887:Iran
1874:and
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1530:and
1379:The
1336:The
1311:and
1238:ICTY
903:Asia
799:and
714:pope
363:wood
340:Odin
230:and
5264:ICD
4204:doi
4174:doi
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