1003:
1113:
888:
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1861:
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22:
114:
1101:, instead of natural virilization which induced biological change. Generally those who have undergone the OGR model, or have ambiguous genitalia are considered intersex. The DSD consortium was specifically made to remedy this, and was advocated for by intersex activists by including all differentiation in sexual development.
735:
There can also be a stricter definition, specifically for ambiguous DSD. This definition is restricted to those conditions in which typical chromosomal categorization patterns is inconsistent with phenotypic sex, or in which the phenotype is not easily classifiable as either male or female," with
915:, as it was generally thought that it was easier to create a girl than a boy. Likewise as puberty would result in general feminization for most intersex children as well as a low libido, it was thought that they should be assigned female. This was also motivated by the fact that
926:
This system was known as the optimum gender of rearing model (OGR model) which attempted to define a binary for intersex children. Some individuals who did not have any intersex conditions were raised under the OGR model, such as
1022:
was a physiological threat which affected an individual's ability to function in normal society. Most research has found this to be false and that the medical procedures practiced against intersex individuals generally leads to
2716:
754:
The exact cut-off point between male and female in an intersex context is largely arbitrary. Likewise, the definition of biological sex is also sometimes considered to be arbitrary; as an example, some individuals with
751:, often causing physical harm with no input from the child. Intersex conditions are usually expanded to include the DSD more generally. 0.05% of births are medically treated or considered to have ambiguous genitalia.
839:, which can lead to atypical sexual development. Commonly intersex people are defined as those who are born with ambiguous genitalia, usually within the context of the OGR, or individuals with substantial atypical
858:
a rare condition which is caused by the stomach internal organs developing incorrectly would not be intersex. Individuals with cloacal exstrophy who are born with XY do not develop a penis and are usually
2714:
2336:
2715:
371:
854:. Certain definitions declare the need for atypical masculinization or feminization during fetal development to declare an intersex condition. Under this definition,
354:
1104:
The definitions of intersex genitalia are difficult as different medical practices exist in different regions for what a "normal" penis or vagina should look like.
1031:
and physical complications throughout life. The definition of intersex is closely linked to the specific medical interventions on intersex people. According to the
1010:
satirizes clinical assessments of appropriate clitoris and penis length at birth, and the definition of ambiguous genitalia. It is based on research published by
1097:
which was surgically altered during her birth, brought up the point that she was intersex, which was stated to be "false" by a doctor as her mother had gone on
1128:
Many intersex activists have advocated for a spectrum based approach for intersex conditions, which would differentiate various intersex conditions, including
2329:
1093:, many intersex individuals are born due to hormonal changes in pregnancy, either natural or induced. As an example, a case of a woman who had a virilized
1144:. Under this model intersex conditions would be described via their own individualized effects described as effecting individuals on a spectrum. The
827:. Certain individuals may have a masculinized clitoris or a feminized penis, however this might change after pregnancy. The exact differentiation of
32:
1074:
over differences which effects all individuals, this however has been controversial, with many instead opting for "differentiation" or "variation."
1830:
1282:
185:
2322:
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1654:
867:
like other people with intersex conditions and the OGR model. Due to this individuals with cloacal exstrophy are often considered intersex.
1132:. Intersex conditions, even the same conditions such as ovotesticular syndrome, can vary wildly in terms of organs, genetic expression,
1311:
Dumic, M.; Lin-Su, K.; Leibel, N. I.; Ciglar, S.; Vinci, G.; Lasan, R.; Nimkarn, S.; Wilson, J. D.; McElreavey, K.; New, M. I. (2007).
676:
1630:
831:
of intersex people are often ambiguous. Other cases of intersex conditions can occur when hormones are taken during pregnancy such as
93:
1313:"Report of Fertility in a Woman with a Predominantly 46,XY Karyotype in a Family with Multiple Disorders of Sexual Development - PMC"
2314:
65:
986:
particularly criticized the OGR model for not allowing children deviate from gender binary or expression. Likewise, feminists view
1589:
1550:
Topp, Sarah S (January 2013). "Against the quiet revolution: The rhetorical construction of intersex individuals as disordered".
1420:
Dreger, Alice D.; Herndon, April M. (2009). "Progress and
Politics in the Intersex Rights Movement: Feminist Theory in Action".
2571:
2261:
1808:
611:
163:
72:
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1672:
536:
439:
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811:. Generally, most intersex advocates, as well as parts of the medical community, advocate for broadening the definitions of
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1988:
1948:
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the leading organization of intersex rights in the US, states that 1.5% of children are born with an intersex condition (
569:
79:
2783:
1774:
1653:
Chase, Cheryl (April 29, 2022). "Hermaphrodites with
Attitude: Mapping the Emergence of Intersex Political Activism".
1032:
61:
51:
1845:
694:
200:
2758:
1039:). 1% of people have bodies that "differ from standard male or female," and 0.1-0.2% of births are considered for
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710:
511:
378:
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1.92% of the population will have some variation in sexual development throughout their lives, (0.42% excluding
1002:
2788:
2667:
2181:
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1953:
1894:
1870:
1835:
1082:
1070:, the model was discredited. The term "disorders of sexual development" was chosen to reflect the variation of
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The overall causes of intersex conditions are complex, and are caused primarily by sexual development during
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1998:
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226:
1590:"Intersex Activism, Feminism and Psychology: Opening a Dialogue on Theory, Research and Clinical Practice"
974:, and boys as the givers of penetration. As most intersex conditions cause vagina-like development and no
2518:
2131:
2085:
2068:
1899:
1171:
951:, such as the karyotype falsification or that internal testis were ovaries and needed to be removed for "
803:. This range of possibilities is further expanded by conditions which effect genital development but not
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1066:. After the publication of individuals who had undergone the OGR model and had gone through serious
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for people with atypical sexual development, making the distinction between different conditions.
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for individuals with atypical sexual development. This model stated goal was to assign a
994:, which led to criticisms of the OGR taking away the bodily autonomy of intersex people.
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876:
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241:
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but are entirely infertile due to a lack of SRY gene expression and develop a generally
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2390:
1731:
1638:
1609:
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1497:
1437:
1337:
1312:
1261:
1209:"How Common is Intersex? An Explanation of the Stats. – Intersex Campaign for Equality"
1071:
1046:
The DSD as a model was advocated for by intersex advocates to include all variation of
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1378:
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1978:
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1342:
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1112:
1047:
855:
800:
740:
729:
329:
1735:
1706:
Reis, Elizabeth (2007). "Divergence or
Disorder?: the politics of naming intersex".
1265:
2534:
2443:
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2028:
1715:
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and was assigned female at seven months. The primary goal of the OGR was to stop
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1605:
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2013:
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787:, although medical interventions have been known to remove potentially fertile
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Various criteria have been offered for the definition of intersex, including
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There is a high bias to assign intersex people with ambiguous genitalia as
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732:; not all conditions within the DSD affect individuals to the same extent.
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2008:
1050:. Specifically the DSD exists as replacement for the OGR which was the
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50:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
2734:
was created from a revision of this article dated 18 July 23
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779:. These individuals would be declared to be biologically female but
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2353:
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1137:
1094:
959:
955:," despite no physical complications existing from their presence.
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868:
836:
804:
126:
1689:"How common is intersex? | Intersex Society of North America"
1688:
1631:"The Mental Health and well-being of LGBTQ Youth who are Intersex"
1085:
in the US. Another point of contention is intersex conditions and
791:, which makes sex determination often arbitrary. Individuals with
2626:
1942:
1360:
Selvaraj, Kamala; Ganesh, Vijaya; Selvaraj, Priya (August 2002).
975:
792:
768:
303:
1236:(December 1998). "Management of Intersex: A Shifting Paradigm".
903:, impoverishment, contamination, and violence." Existrans 2017,
2463:
2420:
2241:
978:, medical staff were biased towards assigning female at birth.
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952:
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586:
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male. Likewise, many intersex individuals are born completely
2505:
1077:
The DSD has generally superseded the OGR in the US, although
1036:
947:. The model often specifically involved the falsification of
904:
900:
847:
2246:
1752:
1465:"From Intersex to DSD: the Disciplining of Sex Development"
591:
2759:
Intersex people OHCHR and the human rights of LGBTI people
1362:"Successful pregnancy in a patient with a 46,XY karyotype"
728:. The DSD was specifically made to be as inclusive to all
760:
701:
occurs in roughly 0.05% of all births, usually caused by
643:
1310:
747:
on intersex youth which attempt to assign an arbitrary
1359:
724:
as defined by the DSD consortium, such as those with
1656:
Mapping the
Emergence of Intersex Political Activism
1317:
The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
997:
962:perspective for criticism of the OGR as inherently
709:during pregnancy, these conditions range from full
846:Most conditions under the DSD are not apparent at
2352:congenital anomalies of the genitalia, including
818:
2770:
1089:, while many intersex individuals have atypical
1148:generally describes this by the description of
863:and assigned female at birth. These people are
46:Please review the contents of the article and
2330:
1768:
1419:
670:
1463:Clune-Taylor, Catherine (31 December 2010).
1462:
1231:
2337:
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1775:
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743:is based around the end of unnecessary
697:, and differential sexual development.
2771:
2572:Congenital absence of the vas deferens
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
2318:
1756:
1652:
1620:
1578:
1502:Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
1498:"Male or Female? Brains are Intersex"
1079:no official medical precautions exist
1708:Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
1705:
1549:
1540:
1495:
1456:
1272:
1107:
1058:, usually female via non-consensual
966:and cruel. The OGR modeled girls as
15:
1394:
570:Genital modification and mutilation
13:
2712:
2588:Persistent MĂĽllerian duct syndrome
1283:"Variation in Sex Characteristics"
134:
14:
2805:
2693:
1062:, often via the falsification of
2724:
2297:
2296:
1859:
1846:Sex characteristics (legal term)
1588:Hegarty, Peter (February 2000).
998:Intersex and medical definitions
875:), and 0.05% are born with full
815:and the definition of intersex.
736:the prevalence of about 0.018%.
201:Sex characteristics (legal term)
112:
20:
1699:
1681:
1646:
1187:Androgen insensitivity syndrome
882:
720:1.7% of people are born with a
711:androgen insensitivity syndrome
2764:Intersex Definitions, InterACT
2668:Progestin-induced virilization
1489:
1353:
1304:
1238:The Journal of Clinical Ethics
1225:
1201:
895:reading: "Trans and intersex,
819:Causes of intersex development
722:disorder of sexual development
48:add the appropriate references
1:
1496:Joel, Daphna (May 14, 2011).
1379:10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03242-9
1195:
1167:Genetic diagnosis of intersex
2091:International Intersex Forum
1880:Disorders of sex development
1782:
1182:Disorders of sex development
1118:International Intersex Forum
919:was far more developed than
843:such as those with XX male.
427:International Intersex Forum
227:Disorders of sex development
7:
2519:Unilateral ovarian agenesis
2086:Intersex Day of Remembrance
1949:Civil society organizations
1606:10.1177/0959353500010001014
1172:History of intersex surgery
1155:
1048:atypical sexual development
730:atypical sexual development
422:Intersex Day of Remembrance
310:Civil society organizations
33:reliable medical references
10:
2810:
2496:Sertoli cell-only syndrome
2043:Sex verification in sports
1116:Participants at the third
1041:intersex genital surgeries
958:Intersex advocates used a
367:Sex verification in sports
2784:Sex differences in humans
2655:
2647:Penoscrotal transposition
2607:
2600:
2580:
2562:
2527:
2504:
2471:
2462:
2419:
2371:
2364:
2292:
2284:Sex differences in humans
2217:
2099:
2056:
1935:
1869:
1857:
1790:
1594:Feminism & Psychology
1434:10.1215/10642684-2008-134
775:, and be able to achieve
763:inactivation) may have a
62:"Definitions of intersex"
39:or relies too heavily on
2545:Mixed gonadal dysgenesis
1804:Compulsory sterilization
1665:10.4324/9781003206255-60
1564:10.1177/1363460712471113
1515:10.3389/fnint.2011.00057
1213:www.intersexequality.com
159:Compulsory sterilization
1366:Fertility and Sterility
931:who suffered a botched
2720:
2700:Listen to this article
2540:Ovotesticular syndrome
2262:Non-binary recognition
2081:Intersex Awareness Day
2004:Ancient Greek religion
1927:Sexual differentiation
1125:
1068:physiological distress
1015:
908:
726:Klinefelter's syndrome
715:ovotesticular syndrome
612:Non-binary recognition
417:Intersex Awareness Day
279:Sexual differentiation
139:
2789:Intersex and medicine
2719:
2673:Pseudohermaphroditism
2550:XY gonadal dysgenesis
2514:XX gonadal dysgenesis
1954:Fictional characters‎
1895:Medical interventions
1851:Yogyakarta Principles
1836:Medical interventions
1720:10.1353/pbm.2007.0054
1177:Intersex human rights
1162:Yogyakarta Principles
1115:
1020:gender non-conformity
1005:
970:and the receivers of
891:Intersex banner at a
890:
749:sex and gender binary
745:medical interventions
315:Fictional characters‎
247:Medical interventions
206:Yogyakarta Principles
191:Medical interventions
138:
2751:More spoken articles
2678:True hermaphroditism
2373:Uterine malformation
1482:10.22329/p.v5i2.3087
1329:10.1210/jc.2007-2155
1250:10.1086/JCE199809404
1130:hormonal differences
1029:physiological stress
1018:The OGR stated that
984:queer liberationists
602:Anti-gender movement
372:at the Olympic Games
1936:Society and culture
1150:individualized care
937:gender incongruence
877:ambiguous genitalia
850:, and most are not
699:Ambiguous genitalia
691:ambiguous genitalia
298:Society and culture
2721:
2434:Vaginal hypoplasia
2391:Unicornuate uterus
2381:MĂĽllerian agenesis
2057:History and events
1639:The Trevor Project
1234:Reiner, William G.
1232:Wilson, Bruce E.;
1126:
1124:, in December 2013
1083:genital mutilation
1072:sexual development
1016:
939:, and to assign a
909:
899:in social danger:
841:sexual development
813:sexual development
695:atypical genitalia
140:
2717:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2596:
2595:
2558:
2557:
2449:Cloacal exstrophy
2439:Imperforate hymen
2401:Bicornuate uterus
2386:Cervical agenesis
2312:
2311:
2257:Non-binary gender
2225:Children's rights
2100:Rights by country
1979:Intersex and LGBT
1885:Genetic diagnosis
1831:Malta declaration
1826:Legal recognition
1740:Project MUSE
1674:978-1-003-20625-5
1446:Project MUSE
1108:Spectrum approach
1081:against intersex
990:as a fundamental
943:for "proper" sex
856:cloacal exstrophy
741:intersex activism
687:
686:
565:Children's rights
440:Rights by country
330:Intersex and LGBT
232:Genetic diagnosis
186:Malta declaration
181:Legal recognition
121:
120:
97:
2801:
2741:
2739:
2728:
2727:
2718:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2605:
2604:
2535:Gonadal agenesis
2469:
2468:
2444:Vaginal adenosis
2396:Uterus didelphys
2369:
2368:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2316:
2315:
2300:
2299:
1989:Military service
1863:
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1558:(1–2): 180–194.
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1340:
1308:
1302:
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1299:
1298:
1289:. Archived from
1287:www.healthit.gov
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1223:
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679:
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96:
55:
24:
23:
16:
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2798:
2794:Intersex rights
2769:
2768:
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2754:
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2737:
2735:
2732:This audio file
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2703:
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2454:Vaginal atresia
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1226:
1217:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1158:
1110:
1091:gene expression
1064:medical records
1012:Suzanne Kessler
1000:
988:bodily autonomy
949:medical history
913:female at birth
885:
821:
809:gene expression
703:masculinization
683:
654:
653:
649:Sex differences
555:
547:
546:
442:
432:
431:
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384:
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41:primary sources
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12:
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2694:External links
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2574:
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2566:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2481:Cryptorchidism
2477:
2475:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2429:Vaginal septum
2425:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2411:Arcuate uterus
2408:
2406:Uterine septum
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2319:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2197:United Kingdom
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2014:Hermaphroditus
2011:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1867:
1866:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1841:Sex assignment
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1811:
1809:Discrimination
1806:
1800:
1798:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1714:(4): 535–543.
1698:
1680:
1673:
1645:
1619:
1600:(1): 117–132.
1577:
1539:
1488:
1455:
1428:(2): 199–224.
1393:
1372:(2): 419–420.
1352:
1323:(1): 182–189.
1303:
1271:
1244:(4): 360–369.
1224:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1154:
1109:
1106:
1060:medicalization
1052:standard model
999:
996:
980:Transfeminists
884:
881:
820:
817:
797:male genitalia
781:karyotypically
685:
684:
682:
681:
674:
667:
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
646:
641:
636:
634:Medical ethics
631:
630:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
589:
584:
583:
582:
572:
567:
562:
556:
553:
552:
549:
548:
545:
544:
539:
537:United Kingdom
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
443:
438:
437:
434:
433:
430:
429:
424:
419:
414:
413:
412:
407:
396:
390:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
376:
375:
374:
364:
359:
358:
357:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
300:
297:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
255:
254:
244:
239:
234:
229:
223:
217:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
203:
198:
196:Sex assignment
193:
188:
183:
178:
177:
176:
166:
164:Discrimination
161:
155:
146:
145:
142:
141:
131:
130:
119:
118:
111:
109:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2806:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2733:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2663:Clitoromegaly
2661:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:Polyorchidism
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2305:
2304:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2202:United States
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:Gender system
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:Quigley scale
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:Phall-O-Meter
1910:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1890:Hermaphrodite
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1676:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1659:. Routledge.
1658:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1293:on 2023-05-14
1292:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1056:gender binary
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1008:Phall-O-Meter
1004:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
956:
954:
950:
946:
945:socialization
942:
941:gender binary
938:
934:
930:
924:
922:
918:
914:
906:
902:
898:
894:
889:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
857:
853:
849:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
801:feminine body
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
771:, and normal
770:
766:
762:
758:
752:
750:
746:
742:
737:
733:
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
680:
675:
673:
668:
666:
661:
660:
658:
657:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
594:
593:
590:
588:
585:
581:
578:
577:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
560:Hermaphrodite
558:
557:
551:
550:
543:
542:United States
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
441:
436:
435:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
411:
408:
406:
403:
402:
401:
398:
397:
393:
388:
387:
380:
377:
373:
370:
369:
368:
365:
363:
360:
356:
353:
352:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
305:
302:
301:
295:
294:
287:
286:
282:
280:
277:
275:
274:Quigley scale
272:
270:
267:
265:
264:Phall-O-Meter
262:
260:
257:
253:
250:
249:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
220:
215:
214:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
175:
172:
171:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
156:
153:
149:
144:
143:
137:
133:
132:
128:
125:
124:
110:
106:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64: –
63:
59:
58:Find sources:
53:
49:
43:
42:
38:
34:
29:This article
27:
18:
17:
2564:Vas deferens
2301:
2272:Third gender
2267:Queer theory
2172:South Africa
1917:Prader scale
1907:Orchidometer
1814:Human rights
1796:legal issues
1792:Human rights
1711:
1707:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1655:
1648:
1637:
1597:
1593:
1555:
1551:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1425:
1421:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1295:. Retrieved
1291:the original
1286:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1216:. Retrieved
1212:
1203:
1191:
1127:
1103:
1099:progesterone
1076:
1045:
1017:
957:
933:circumcision
929:David Reimer
925:
921:phalloplasty
917:vaginoplasty
910:
883:Assigned sex
845:
822:
773:menstruation
753:
738:
734:
719:
707:feminization
688:
622:Third gender
617:Queer theory
512:South Africa
283:
269:Prader scale
259:Orchidometer
236:
169:Human rights
152:legal issues
148:Human rights
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
37:verification
30:
2617:Hypospadias
2277:Transgender
2182:Switzerland
2167:New Zealand
2038:Researchers
1873:and biology
1552:Sexualities
992:human right
972:penetration
893:trans march
865:medicalized
852:medicalized
627:Transgender
522:Switzerland
507:New Zealand
362:Researchers
237:Definitions
221:and biology
103:August 2024
31:needs more
2773:Categories
2747:Audio help
2632:Micropenis
2622:Epispadias
2491:Monorchism
2230:Disability
2069:of surgery
2048:Television
2024:Androgynos
2009:Aphroditus
1984:Literature
1475:(2): 152.
1297:2023-05-14
1218:2024-03-12
1196:References
901:expulsions
607:Non-binary
575:Disability
405:of surgery
394:and events
379:Television
335:Literature
242:Healthcare
73:newspapers
2642:Diphallia
2252:Androgyny
2112:Australia
2107:Argentina
1969:Guevedoce
1945:(antonym)
1614:143900731
1572:144551384
1442:145754009
1142:karyotype
1134:phenotype
1087:karyotype
1025:isolation
861:castrated
837:androgens
833:estrogens
829:ovotestis
825:pregnancy
777:pregnancy
757:XY female
597:Androgyny
452:Australia
447:Argentina
306:(antonym)
2779:Intersex
2749: ·
2738:23-07-18
2637:Aphallia
2601:External
2473:Testicle
2365:Internal
2354:intersex
2303:Category
2218:See also
2207:military
2132:Colombia
2074:timeline
2020:Judaism
1999:Religion
1871:Medicine
1784:Intersex
1736:17398380
1728:17951887
1693:isna.org
1534:21960961
1388:12137885
1347:18000096
1266:27104390
1258:10029837
1156:See also
1138:genotype
1095:clitoris
960:feminist
897:migrants
869:InterACT
805:hormonal
795:develop
554:See also
472:Colombia
410:timeline
350:Military
345:Religion
219:Medicine
127:Intersex
2736: (
2707:minutes
2627:Chordee
2142:Germany
2064:History
1943:Endosex
1900:history
1819:reports
1642:. 2021.
1525:3176412
1469:PhaenEx
1338:2190741
976:phallus
968:passive
807:or sex
793:XX male
785:sterile
769:ovaries
482:Germany
400:History
392:History
304:Endosex
285:more...
252:history
174:reports
87:scholar
52:removed
2464:Gonads
2421:Vagina
2346:Female
2242:Gender
2235:rights
2192:Uganda
2187:Taiwan
2157:Mexico
2137:France
2117:Canada
2029:Tumtum
1994:People
1744:222245
1742:
1734:
1726:
1671:
1612:
1570:
1532:
1522:
1508:: 57.
1450:261479
1448:
1440:
1386:
1345:
1335:
1264:
1256:
1140:, and
964:sexist
953:cancer
789:gonads
765:uterus
639:Rights
587:Gender
580:rights
532:Uganda
527:Taiwan
497:Mexico
477:France
457:Canada
340:People
129:topics
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
2656:Other
2609:Penis
2581:Other
2528:Other
2506:Ovary
2177:Spain
2162:Nepal
2152:Malta
2147:Kenya
2127:China
2122:Chile
1959:Films
1732:S2CID
1634:(PDF)
1610:S2CID
1568:S2CID
1438:S2CID
1262:S2CID
1122:Malta
1037:LOCAH
905:Paris
848:birth
739:Most
517:Spain
502:Nepal
492:Malta
487:Kenya
467:China
462:Chile
320:Films
94:JSTOR
80:books
2356:and
2350:male
2348:and
2247:LGBT
1974:Flag
1794:and
1724:PMID
1669:ISBN
1530:PMID
1384:PMID
1343:PMID
1254:PMID
1033:ISNA
1006:The
982:and
592:LGBT
325:Flag
150:and
66:news
35:for
2358:DSD
1716:doi
1661:doi
1602:doi
1560:doi
1520:PMC
1510:doi
1477:doi
1430:doi
1422:GLQ
1374:doi
1333:PMC
1325:doi
1246:doi
1146:DSD
873:DSD
835:or
761:SRY
713:to
705:or
644:Sex
2775::
1738:.
1730:.
1722:.
1712:50
1710:.
1691:.
1667:.
1636:.
1622:^
1608:.
1598:10
1596:.
1592:.
1580:^
1566:.
1556:16
1554:.
1542:^
1528:.
1518:.
1504:.
1500:.
1471:.
1467:.
1444:.
1436:.
1426:15
1424:.
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