Depiction of Jesus

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Roman Catholic Archbishop, the Episcopal Bishop and the Presiding Bishop of the AME Church gathered before the world's first full size, backlit transparency of the Shroud and joined clergy representing the Assemblies of God, Baptists, Lutherans, Methodists and Presbyterians in an amazing witness to ecumenical unity. At the conclusion of the service, His Grace Bishop John of the Greek Orthodox Diocese of Atlanta, turned to me and said: "Thank you very much for picking our day." I didn't fully understand the significance of his remark until he explained to me that August 16th is the Feast of the Holy Mandylion commemorating the occasion in 944 A.D. when the Shroud was first shown to the public in Byzantium following its arrival the previous day from Edessa in southeastern Turkey.

2551: 2185: 2145: 2909: 2977: 1096: 2574: 2616: 2123: 2442: 2068: 2461: 2370: 2806: 747: 2336: 2413: 2517: 2762: 2049: 2719: 2275: 2084: 2663: 2533: 2486: 2103: 2316: 2254: 906: 2894: 1293: 2232: 2209: 2688: 2827: 2639: 2589: 2848: 2392: 2173: 2505: 2025: 2291: 2869: 1401: 2358: 1913: 986: 2786: 2742: 1051:), portray such a wonder worker, user of magic, a magician or a Divine man. Only the Apostle Peter is also depicted in ancient art with a wand. Research by Lee M. Jefferson however, argued that the depiction of Jesus holding a wand is not an attempt to portray Jesus as a magician or magic user, but rather a continuity of biblical tradition of Moses's staff. It is also argued that early Christians were strong in their rejection of magic and anything related to it. 7468: 7207: 5997: 4818:, the monthly magazine of the Evangelical Covenant Church, and he had artist's block for weeks. The February issue was focusing on Christian youth, and Sallman's assignment was to provide an inspirational image of Christ that would "challenge our young people." "I mused over it for a long time in prayer and meditation," Sallman recalled, "seeking for something which would catch the eye and convey the message of the Christian gospel on the cover." 7196: 466: 22: 681:") as a proscription against any depiction of humans or animals. Consequently, no figure art was produced for, or by, the Jewish communities in Judea and Galilee during Jesus' lifetime, or in the decades that followed. But attitudes towards the interpretation of this Commandment changed through the centuries, and by the third century, some Jewish communities were producing figure art. The frescos decorating the interior of 47: 478: 886: 1323:, especially in northern Europe, continued to mix bearded and unbearded depictions for several centuries. The depiction with a longish face, long straight brown hair parted in the middle, and almond shaped eyes shows consistency from the 6th century to the present. Various legends developed which were believed to authenticate the historical accuracy of the standard depiction, such as the 3889:, and in agreement with modern interpretations of the New Testament, Walvoord and Zuck note, "The alternate translation in the NIV margin, which interprets the man's covering as long hair, is largely based on the view that verse 15 equated the covering with long hair. It is unlikely, however, that this was the point of verse 4." John F. Walvoord and Roy B. Zuck, eds., 4922:

remote jungle, assaulted by a vicious group of headhunters who demand that he remove his clothes. In going through his billfold, they discover a small reproduction of Sallman's Christ, quickly apologize, then vanish "into the jungle without inflicting further harm." A second article relates the story of the thief who aborted his misdeed when he saw the

1063:, his Roman equivalent, and the protector of Rome. According to art historian Paul Zanker, the bearded type has long hair from the start, and a relatively long beard (contrasting with the short "classical" beard and hair always given to St Peter, and most other apostles); this depiction is specifically associated with "Charismatic" philosophers like 1475:, and vast numbers were destroyed. Gradually images of Jesus became acceptable to most Protestants in various contexts, especially in narrative contexts, as book illustrations and prints, and later in larger paintings. Protestant art continued the now-standard depiction of the physical appearance of Jesus. Meanwhile, the Catholic 1766:

speculative as the face of Jesus, the result of the study determined that Jesus' skin would have been more olive-colored than white or black, and that he would have looked like a typical Galilean Semite. Among the points made was that the Bible records that Jesus's disciple Judas had to point him out to those arresting him in

670:" in spirit form: "dressed in a robe reaching down to his feet and with a golden sash around his chest. The hair on his head were white like wool, and his eyes were like blazing fire. His feet were like burnt bronze glowing in a furnace (...) His face was like the sun shining in all its brilliance" (Revelation 1:12–16, 1720: 1952:) to depict the Divine Mercy image of Jesus with his right hand raised in a sign of blessing and the left hand touching the garment near his breast, with two large rays, one red, the other white emanating from near his heart. After Faustina's death, a number of other artists painted the image, with the depiction by 4921:

Articles published in popular religious magazines during this time gathered together in an obviously didactic way several anecdotes concerning the power of Sallman's picture among nonwhites, non-Christians, and those exhibiting unacceptable behavior. We read of a white businessman, for instance, in a

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Another depiction, seen from the late 3rd century or early 4th century onwards, showed Jesus with a beard, and within a few decades can be very close to the conventional type that later emerged. This depiction has been said to draw variously on Imperial imagery, the type of the classical philosopher,

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An interesting case of inculturation took place on Monday, November 11, 1991 when the twelve-year-old Isaac Ayoub of Houston, Texas, suffering from leukemia, saw that the eyes of Jesus in the famous Sallman "Head of Christ" began moving and shedding an oily liquid like tears. On the same day, Father

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Using third-century images from a synagogue—the earliest pictures of Jewish people—Goodacre proposed that Jesus' skin color would have been darker and swarthier than his traditional Western image. He also suggested that he would have had short, curly hair and a short cropped beard. Although entirely

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After the very earliest examples of c. 300, this depiction is mostly used for hieratic images of Jesus, and scenes from his life are more likely to use a beardless, youthful type. The tendency of older scholars such as Talbot Rice to see the beardless Jesus as associated with a "classical" artistic

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began moving and shedding an oily liquid like tears. On the same day, Fr. Ishaq Soliman, the Coptic priest of St. Mark's Coptic Church in Houston, testified to the miracles. On the following day, Dr. Atef Rizkalla, the family physician, examined the youth and certified that there were no traces of

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Returning to the ecumenical dimension of this sacred linen, it became very evident to me on the night of August 16, 1983, when local judicatory leaders offered their corporate blessing to the TURIN SHROUD EXHIBIT and participated in the Evening Office of the Holy Shroud. The Greek Archbishop, the

1850:, whose records go back to 1353. Controversy surrounds the shroud and its exact origin remains subject to debate. The Shroud of Turin is respected by Christians of several traditions, including Baptists, Catholics, Lutherans, Methodists, Orthodox, Pentecostals, and Presbyterians. It is one of the 1495:

and therefore could not cut his hair, Browne argues "that our Saviour was a Nazarite after this kind, we have no reason to determine; for he drank Wine, and was therefore called by the Pharisees, a Wine-bibber; he approached also the dead, as when he raised from death Lazarus, and the daughter of

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Images of Jesus tend to show ethnic characteristics similar to those of the culture in which the image has been created. Beliefs that certain images are historically authentic, or have acquired an authoritative status from Church tradition, remain powerful among some of the faithful, in Eastern

1035:. The wand is thought to be a symbol of power. The bare-faced youth with the wand may indicate that Jesus was thought of as a user of magic or wonder worker by some of the early Christians. No art has been found picturing Jesus with a wand before the 2nd century. Some scholars suggest that the 1692:

In modern times such variation has become more common, but images following the traditional depiction in both physical appearance and clothing are still dominant, perhaps surprisingly so. In Europe, local ethnic tendencies in depictions of Jesus can be seen, for example in Spanish, German, or

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seems impossible to sustain, and does not feature in more recent analyses. Equally attempts to relate on a consistent basis the explanation for the type chosen in a particular work to the differing theological views of the time have been unsuccessful. From the 3rd century on, some Christian

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Sallman always insisted that his initial sketch of Jesus was the result of spiritual "picturization," a miraculous vision that he received late one night. "The answer came at 2 A.M., January 1924," he wrote. "It came as a vision in response to my prayer to God in a despairing situation." The

2144: 1280:(c. AD 354 – c. AD 420/440) says, "Paul was complaining because men were fussing about their hair and women were flaunting their locks in church. Not only was this dishonoring to them, but it was also an incitement to fornication." Some have speculated that Jesus and/or Paul were 2718: 1862:

in 1898. The image cannot be clearly seen on the shroud itself with the naked eye, and it surprised Pia to the extent that he said he almost dropped and broke the photographic plate when he first saw the developed negative image on it in the evening of 28 May 1898.

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French scholar Paul Vignon has listed fifteen similarities, or "marks," between most of the icons of Jesus after this point, particularly in the icons of "Christ Pantocrator" ("The all-powerful Messiah"). He claims that these are due to the availability of the

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in the painting shedding tears; Fr. Ishaq Soliman of St. Mark's Coptic Church in Houston, on the same day, "testified to the miracles" and on the next day, "Dr. Atef Rizkalla, the family physician, examined the youth and certified that there were no traces of

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the form of images was, and largely is, regarded as revealed truth, with a status almost equal to scripture, and the aim of artists is to copy earlier images without originality, although the style and content of images does in fact change slightly over time.

1758:. The face that Neave constructed suggested that Jesus would have had a broad face and large nose, and differed significantly from the traditional depictions of Jesus in renaissance art. Additional information about Jesus' skin color and hair was provided by 981:

on the Persian frontier of the Empire. During the 4th century a much greater number of scenes came to be depicted, usually showing Christ as youthful, beardless and with short hair that does not reach his shoulders, although there is considerable

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Ishaq Soliman, the Coptic priest of St. Mark's Coptic Church in Houston, testified to the miracles. On the following day, Dr. Atef Rizkalla, the family physician, examined the youth and certified that there were no traces of leukemia. Sallman's

674:). Use in art of the Revelation description of Jesus has generally been restricted to illustrations of the book itself, and nothing in the scripture confirms the spiritual form's resemblance to the physical form Jesus took in his life on Earth. 2184: 1724: 1722: 1936:

and is venerated by over 100 million Catholics who follow the devotion. The image is not part of Acheiropoieta in that it has been depicted by modern artists, but the pattern of the image is said to have been miraculously shown to Saint

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was painted in 1940. In half a century, it had been produced more than five hundred million times in formats ranging from large-scale copies for use in churches to wallet-sized ones that individuals could carry with them at all

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began to emphasize the humility of Jesus both at his birth and his death via the nativity scene as well as the crucifixion. The Franciscans approached both ends of this spectrum of emotions and as the joys of the

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re-affirmed the importance of art in assisting the devotions of the faithful, and encouraged the production of new images of or including Jesus in enormous numbers, also continuing to use the standard depiction.

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was the result of a "miraculous vision that he received late one night", proclaiming that "the answer came at 2 A.M., January 1924" as "a vision in response to my prayer to God in a despairing situation." The

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also often has long hair and a beard, and often retains in later art the thick shaggy or wavy long hair seen on some of the earliest depictions of Jesus, and in images of philosophers of the Charismatic

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Once the bearded, long-haired Jesus became the conventional representation of Jesus, his facial features slowly began to be standardised, although this process took until at least the 6th century in the

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An interesting case of inculturation occurred on Monday, November 11, 1991 when the 12-year-old Isaac Ayoub of Houston, Texas, suffering from leukemia, saw that the eyes of Jesus in the famous Sallman

1132:. Some scholars reject the connection between the political events and developments in iconography, seeing the change as a purely theological one, resulting from the shift of the concept and title of 2893: 2024: 2369: 3789: 2335: 2412: 1350:

was worn only by Jesus (and the other persons of the Trinity), while plain halos distinguished Mary, the Apostles and other saints, helping the viewer to read increasingly populated scenes.

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was exhibited in the Coptic Church and more than fifty thousand people visited the church. Two Coptic bishops, Bishop Tadros of Port Said and Bishop Yuhanna of Cairo, verified the story.

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Philip Schaff commenting on Irenaeus, wrote, 'This censure of images as a Gnostic peculiarity, and as a heathenish corruption, should be noted'. Footnote 300 on Contr. Her. .I.XXV.6. ANF

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produced in Paris, which lasted 5 minutes. Thereafter cinematic portrayals have continued to show Jesus with a beard in the standard western depiction that resembles traditional images.

4971:, the magazine of the Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant of America denomination, and based on an image of Jesus in a painting by the French artist Leon Augustin Lhermitte, Sallman's 2615: 1507:, one of the most controversial artifacts in history, which during its May 2010 exposition it was visited by over 2 million people. Another 20th-century depiction of Jesus, namely the 2573: 2516: 2952: 5191: 1793: 720:

in 306 AD reads, "It has been decreed that no pictures be had in the churches, and that which is worshipped or adored be not painted on the walls", which has been interpreted by

537:. It took several centuries to reach a conventional standardized form for his physical appearance, which has subsequently remained largely stable since that time. Most images of 2908: 2805: 2102: 806:

scenes collecting sheep, was the most common of these images, and was probably not understood as a portrait of the historical Jesus at this period. It continues the classical

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was exhibited in the Coptic Church and more than 50,000 people visited the church. Two Coptic bishops, Anbâ Tadros of Port Said and Anbâ Yuhanna of Cairo verified the story.

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53:2, that Christ's appearance was unremarkable: "he had no form nor comeliness, that we should look upon him, nor beauty that we should delight in him." But when the pagan

548:, and much later in the West. It has always had the advantage of being easily recognizable, and distinguishing Jesus from other figures shown around him, which the use of a 2983: 2826: 1721: 1397:

of were added to the agony of crucifixion a whole new range of emotions were ushered in, with wide-ranging cultural impact on the image of Jesus for centuries thereafter.

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The appearance of Jesus had some theological implications. While some Christians thought Jesus should have the beautiful appearance of a young classical hero, and the

6407: 2761: 1815:, says that Jesus once washed his face with water and then dried it with a cloth, leaving an image of his face imprinted on the cloth. This was sent by him to King 882:(d. 430) argued that Jesus must have been ideally beautiful in face and body. For Augustine he was "beautiful as a child, beautiful on earth, beautiful in heaven." 616: 7556: 7243: 1373:, in Eastern icons a low regard for perspective and alterations in the size and proportion of an image aim to reach beyond earthly reality to a spiritual meaning. 5033: 3804: 2687: 1665:

Certain local traditions have maintained different depictions, sometimes reflecting local racial characteristics, as do the Catholic and Orthodox depictions. The

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and dated to about 235, shows him as a beardless young man of authoritative and dignified bearing. He is depicted with close-cropped hair and wearing a tunic and

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includes some of the earliest surviving images of the crucifixion and resurrection. By the 6th century the bearded depiction of Jesus had become standard in the

1092:, had recommended the wearing of beards by Christian men. The centre parting was also seen from early on, and was also associated with long-haired philosophers. 817:

Among the earliest depictions clearly intended to directly represent Jesus himself are many showing him as a baby, usually held by his mother, especially in the

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Faustina wrote in her diary that Jesus appeared to her and asked her to "Paint an image according to the pattern you see". Faustina eventually found an artist (

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The earliest surviving Christian art comes from the late 2nd to early 4th centuries on the walls of tombs belonging, most likely, to wealthy Christians in the

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image initially uses this type. Gradually Jesus became shown as older, and during the 5th century the image with a beard and long hair, now with a cruciform

3043: 1770:. The implied argument is that if Jesus's physical appearance had differed markedly from his disciples, then he would have been relatively easy to identify. 2253: 7662: 6442: 2944: 2208: 7549: 1544:

Conventional depictions of Christ developed in medieval art include the narrative scenes of the Life of Christ, and many other conventional depictions:

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in a group still with a large component of members with Jewish origins, surrounded by, and polemicising against, sophisticated pagan images of gods.

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on a living room wall. Another tells of the conversion of a Jewish woman on her deathbed, when a hospital chaplain shows her Sallman's picture.

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seems to have been a very early representation of the crucified Jesus within the sacred texts. Later personified symbols were used, including

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The conventional image of a fully bearded Jesus with long hair emerged around AD 300, but did not become established until the 6th century in

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By the end of the 19th century, new reports of miraculous images of Jesus had appeared and continue to receive significant attention, e.g.

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45:3: "Gird thy sword upon thy thigh, mighty one, with thy beauty and fairness" Later the emphasis of leading Christian thinkers changed;

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and others systematically developed uncluttered images that focused on the depiction of Jesus with an ideal human beauty, in works like

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as an interdiction of the making of images of Christ. The issue remained the subject of controversy until the end of the 4th century.

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painting had to prove his craft by painting an icon of the Transfiguration. However, while Western depictions increasingly aimed at

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There are, however, some images which have been claimed to realistically show how Jesus looked. One early tradition, recorded by

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was exhibited in the Coptic Church", with "more than fifty thousand people" visiting the church to see it. In addition, several

7435: 6299: 6289: 6053: 5253: 3053: 2724: 2649: 2476: 1472: 534: 210: 5811: 5122:, Vol. 26, No. 1 (1987), pp. 3–9, The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the International Center of Medieval Art, 5113: 4395: 3886: 2847: 1858:, now uses the image of the face on the shroud as it appeared in the negative of the photograph taken by amateur photographer 7777: 7698: 6878: 5982: 5630: 5153: 5110: 5082: 4999: 4949: 4914: 4881: 4806: 4784: 4764: 4724: 4699: 4296: 4273: 4159: 4033: 3959: 3451: 3359: 3283: 3242: 3008: 321: 5086: 5063:

The invisible divine in the history of art. Is Erwin Panofsky (1892–1968) still relevant for decoding Christian iconography?

3093:, 'Pictures are not to be placed in churches, so that they do not become objects of worship and adoration', AD 306, Canon 36 7657: 7647: 7348: 7003: 5610: 5354: 3570: 1666: 526: 316: 5013:

By the 1990s, Sallman's Head of Christ had been printed more than 500 million times and had achieved global iconic status.

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criticized depictions of Jesus with long hair. Although some scholars believed that Jesus wore long hair because he was a

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Cartlidge and Elliott, 56–57. St Paul often has a long beard, but short hair, as in the catacomb fresco illustrated. St

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Otto F.A. Meinardus, Ph.D. (Fall 1997). "Theological Issues of the Coptic Orthodox Inculturation in Western Society".

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showed American children being unable to identify a common depiction of Jesus, despite recognizing other figures like

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have in common a number of traits which are now almost universally associated with Jesus, although variants are seen.

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Painted over 40 times in the catacombs of Rome, from the early 3rd century on, and also on sarcophagii. As with the

1342:, and the events of the Passion, neglecting the miracles and other events of Jesus' public ministry, except for the 7723: 7171: 4239: 2966: 2376: 1448: 1269: 1223: 1124:, using either of the two physical types described above, but adopting the costume and often the poses of Imperial 795: 1187:

The Good Shepherd, now clearly identified as Christ, with halo and often rich robes, is still depicted, as on the

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letting go of a businessman and fleeing after seeing the image, a "thief who aborted his misdeed when he saw the

898: 508: 361: 5206: 3915: 646:—in Matthew 14:36 and Luke 8:43–44, there is no physical description of Jesus contained in any of the canonical 7672: 7130: 6379: 6294: 5782: 5605: 5446: 3824: 3531: 1515:'s reported vision has over 100 million followers. The first cinematic portrayal of Jesus was in the 1897 film 583:

banned and destroyed images of Christ for a period, before they returned in full strength. In the 16th-century

328: 304: 6097: 2988: 2059: 7772: 7298: 7266: 6937: 6259: 5871: 5488: 5349: 3018: 1648: 7767: 7363: 6942: 6019: 5977: 5739: 5278: 3278:. Archaeological histories. London New York Oxford New Delhi Sydney: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 139-141. 3048: 2767: 2564: 2155: 1694: 1346:, where the mummy-like wrapped body was shown standing upright, giving an unmistakable visual signature. A 1311:

began to appear, perhaps reflecting a change in the theological focus of the early Church. The 6th-century

1158: 966: 961: 348: 265: 7584: 7333: 7013: 6794: 6656: 1203: 1195: 220: 4373: 2741: 2166:. Characteristically, he is portrayed as similar in features and skin tone to the culture of the artist. 965:, but before the development of a recognised physical appearance for Christ, and attributes such as the 746: 7276: 7123: 7085: 6572: 5722: 5625: 5555: 5316: 5246: 4963:

Of these one stands out as having deeply impressed itself of the American religious consciousness: the

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by artist Warner Sallman (1892–1968). Originally sketched in charcoal as a cover illustration for the

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Another depiction drew from classical images of philosophers, often shown as a youthful "intellectual

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Syndicus, 92–97, though images of Christ the King are found in the previous century also – Hellemo, 6

1819:, who had sent a messenger asking Jesus to come and heal him of his disease. This image, called the 1405: 1292: 1248:) to the artists, via Constantinople. Certainly images believed to have miraculous origins, or the 671: 530: 175: 1442:

painting. Images of Jesus now drew on classical sculpture, at least in some of their poses. However

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acted as a barrier to developments in the East, but by the 9th century art was permitted again. The

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The Healing of the Paralytic – one of the oldest known depictions of Jesus, from the Syrian city of

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Zanker, 299. Zanker has a full account of the development of the image of Christ at pp. 289–307.

2039: 1836: 1697:, but almost always surrounding figures are still more strongly characterised. For example, the 1681:, also Coptic, developed on Coptic traditions, but shows Jesus and all Biblical figures with the 1468: 1277: 782:, whose three days in the belly of the whale pre-figured the interval between Christ's death and 2816: 2600: 1989:

With episcopal approval from Bishop Tadros of Port Said and Bishop Yuhanna of Cairo, "Sallman's

716:(d. c. 339) disapproved of portrayals in images of Jesus. The 36th canon of the non-ecumenical 7718: 7599: 7415: 7383: 7151: 6742: 6600: 6542: 6433: 6412: 6177: 5972: 5899: 5565: 5334: 2936: 2899: 2833: 1974: 1738: 1585: 1464: 1389: 1308: 1300: 1181: 811: 584: 343: 274: 170: 26: 4989: 4939: 4632: 3349: 2902:, one of several miniature statues of an infant Christ that are much venerated by the faithful 7762: 7541: 7507: 7502: 7420: 7313: 7308: 7288: 7281: 7252: 7210: 6809: 6535: 6344: 6247: 6202: 6131: 5854: 5787: 5692: 5672: 5667: 5507: 5421: 5311: 5239: 4466: 3835: 3038: 2695: 2630: 2466: 2265: 2013:, it had been reproduced over half a billion times worldwide by the end of the 20th century. 1747: 1570: 1565: 1548: 1488: 1335: 1089: 1040: 1024: 929: 836: 819: 783: 705: 626: 575:

in Spain in 306 states in its 36th canon that no images should be in churches. Later, in the

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situation was a deadline: Sallman had been commissioned to paint the February cover for the

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As to the historical appearance of Jesus, in one possible translation of the apostle Paul's

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De Micheli who associated the image from the Shroud of Turin with the devotion in 1936 in

1705:, was often shown with blonde hair, but Christ's is very rarely paler than a light brown. 905: 8: 7530: 7368: 7200: 7176: 7161: 7080: 7070: 7056: 7036: 7026: 6996: 6976: 6905: 6636: 6465: 6392: 6222: 6151: 6078: 5792: 5463: 5382: 5378: 5288: 4610:

The Rev. Albert R. Dreisbach (1997). "The Shroud of Turin: Its Ecumenical Implications".

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separated in the 5th century, and has a distinctive depiction of Jesus, consistent with

1180:(c. 520), Jesus is beardless through the period of his ministry until the scenes of the 1007:

6th century, showing the appearance of Jesus that is still immediately recognised today.

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English translation found at Catholic University of America, accessed 5 September 2012

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style and the bearded one as representing an "Eastern" one drawing from ancient Syria,

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Being Religious, American Style: A History of Popular Religiosity in the United States

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Christians In Egypt: Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant Communities – Past and Present

953:, and the vertical, shroud-wrapped body of Lazarus. Other scenes remain ambiguous—an 7741: 7430: 7293: 7112: 6991: 6897: 6821: 6720: 6693: 6612: 6560: 6510: 6269: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6217: 6207: 6156: 5930: 5877: 5749: 5615: 5535: 5426: 5411: 5406: 5366: 5321: 5306: 5176: 5164: 5149: 5133: 5106: 5092: 5078: 4995: 4945: 4910: 4877: 4839: 4802: 4780: 4760: 4743: 4720: 4695: 4673: 4650: 4619: 4572: 4564: 4555: 4437: 4429: 4352: 4332: 4312: 4292: 4269: 4205: 4155: 4135: 4115: 4095: 4072: 4052: 4029: 4001: 3981: 3955: 3933: 3907: 3842: 3820: 3480: 3447: 3355: 3279: 3238: 3134: 2879: 2792: 2432: 2035: 1938: 1887: 1851: 1816: 1709: 1702: 1605: 1600: 1529: 1512: 1429: 1381: 1296: 1261: 1129: 894: 847: 732: 631: 405: 260: 165: 130: 125: 113: 103: 3109:, Vol. 8, (1954), pp. 83–150, Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, 1011:

Jesus is sometimes shown performing miracles by means of a wand, as on the doors of

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have explained the "power of Sallman's picture" by documenting occurrences such as

1871: 1743: 1575: 1439: 1362: 1328: 1020: 935: 917: 832: 565: 410: 299: 108: 1728:

The CGI model created in 2001 depicted Jesus' skin color as being darker and more

1413:, whose art reflects both his roots in Greek Orthodox traditions and the Catholic 696:, Christian art was necessarily furtive and ambiguous, and there was hostility to 7736: 7604: 7594: 7452: 7441: 7378: 7328: 7065: 6971: 6762: 6460: 5945: 5908: 5495: 5473: 5328: 5210: 5144: 4402: 3793: 3785:

The two parts of the cycle are on opposite walls of the nave; Talbot Rice, 157.

3102: 3090: 2542: 2327: 2296: 2238: 2159: 2109: 1994: 1924:

A very popular 20th-century depiction among Roman Catholics and Anglicans is the

1874:, where legend recounts that Veronica from Jerusalem encountered Jesus along the 1847: 1824: 1800: 1685:

appearance of its members. Other traditions in Asia and elsewhere also show the

1590: 1533: 1504: 1400: 1339: 1324: 1312: 1245: 1241: 1199: 1121: 1099:

Christ as Emperor, wearing military dress, and crushing the serpent representing

846:

tended to think he could change his appearance at will, for which they cited the

717: 572: 561: 557: 205: 145: 1977:, after twelve-year-old Isaac Ayoub, who diagnosed with cancer, saw the eyes of 571:

The representation of Jesus was controversial in the early period; the regional

7614: 7061: 6961: 6757: 6646: 6592: 6525: 6505: 6264: 6105: 6000: 5940: 5799: 5700: 5560: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5183: 4598:

The Authentication of the Turin Shroud: An Issue in Archaeological Epistemology

3527: 3058: 2773: 2653: 2195:, a 12th- or 13th-century Chinese hanging scroll depicting Jesus Christ as the 2055: 1959: 1787: 1636: 1631: 1453: 1385: 1347: 1320: 1316: 1257: 1229: 1211: 1162: 1153: 1137: 1117: 1103:. "I am the way and the truth and the life" (John 14:6) reads the inscription. 1044: 1036: 682: 655: 600: 576: 549: 494: 383: 193: 88: 63: 37: 4223:

The Authentication of the Turin Shroud:An Issue in Archaeological Epistemology

3950:

Jensen, Robin M. (2010). "Jesus in Christian art". In Burkett, Delbert (ed.).

3443: 2472: 1932:

in April 2000. The Divine Mercy depiction is formally used in celebrations of

945:, both of which can be clearly identified by the inclusion of the dove of the 7756: 7373: 6986: 6917: 6767: 6475: 6115: 6110: 5759: 5744: 5522: 5500: 5468: 5293: 4843: 4568: 4433: 4017: 3808: 3582: 3138: 2940: 2626: 2622: 2010: 1902: 1828: 1779: 1759: 1751: 1686: 1658: 1524: 1484: 1215: 1166: 851: 215: 200: 180: 78: 4441: 3115: 2606: 1689:

as that of the local population (see Chinese picture in the gallery below).

1376:

The 13th century witnessed a turning point in the portrayal of the powerful

1116:

From the middle of the 4th century, after Christianity was legalized by the

603:

still avoid displaying representations of Jesus in their places of worship.

595:

and enforced their removal. Due to their understanding of the second of the

7492: 6799: 6747: 6678: 6668: 6349: 6281: 6146: 6042: 5882: 5860: 5833: 5705: 5662: 5301: 5145:

Adventus Domini: eschatological thought in 4th-century apses and catecheses

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Leonardo da Vinci, the Last Supper: a Cosmic Drama and an Act of Redemption

4021: 2920: 2811: 2728: 2382: 2241: 2223: 2031: 2009:

of non-believers to Christianity. As an extraordinarily successful work of

1929: 1875: 1742:

used one of three first-century Jewish skulls from a leading department of

1615: 1443: 1425: 1273: 1219: 1068: 1048: 1012: 973:

or captions are rarely used. There are some surviving scenes from Christ's

913: 831:

Christ to the world at large. The oldest known portrait of Jesus, found in

751: 686: 482: 2058:, miniature in Syriac manuscript DIYR 339, a 6th-century gospel book from 1912: 1218:. But by the late Middle Ages the beard became almost universal and when 985: 7497: 7467: 7101: 6851: 6814: 6663: 6515: 6490: 6387: 5866: 5717: 5451: 5118:

Grigg, Robert. "Byzantine Credulity as an Impediment to Antiquarianism",

3322:

Hellemo, pp. 3–6, and Cartlidge and Elliott, 61 (Eusebius quotation) and

3013: 2494:'s depiction of the typical baptismal scene with the sky opening and the 2215: 2196: 2163: 1998: 1859: 1796: 1698: 1626: 1500: 1338:

focused increasingly on the events celebrated in the major feasts of the

1133: 1125: 1080: 955: 946: 828: 725: 721: 621: 588: 368: 68: 4243: 3902:

Institute for Classical Christian Studies (ICCS) and Thomas Oden, eds.,

3719:

Zanker, 257–266 on the charismatics; 299–306 on the type used for Christ

1446:

was considered to have gone much too far in his beardless Christ in his

7221: 6949: 6688: 6485: 6141: 6073: 5887: 5387: 3687:

Zanker, 300–303, who is rather dismissive of other origins for the type

3221: 3110: 2560: 2237:

An unusual 15th-century image of Jesus as a medieval knight bearing an

2113: 1953: 1894: 1835:

compositions of Jesus and Mary that are traditionally believed by many

1767: 1729: 1713: 1674: 1253: 1249: 1148: 1120:

in 313, and gained Imperial favour, there was a new range of images of

855: 807: 775: 709: 697: 667: 5173:

Syndicus, Eduard. Early Christian Art; Burns & Oates, London, 1962

5123: 4759:

Catherine M. Odell, 1998, Faustina: Apostle of Divine Mercy OSV Press

3210: 3122: 866:

ridiculed the Christian religion for having an ugly God in about 180,

7394: 7106: 6954: 6789: 6779: 6772: 6730: 6725: 6520: 6480: 5952: 5203: 4309:

The Challenge of the Silver Screen (Studies in Religion and the Arts)

3023: 1891: 1746:

in Israel to depict Jesus in a new way. A face was constructed using

1682: 1334:

Partly to aid recognition of the scenes, narrative depictions of the

824: 759: 596: 5216: 1653: 21: 6495: 6364: 3655:"Jesus the Magician? Why Jesus holds a wand in early Christian art" 2859: 2753: 1983: 1917: 1754:, a retired medical artist from the Unit of Art in Medicine at the 1492: 1410: 803: 701: 592: 7425: 5226: 1942: 1620: 927:

From the 3rd century onwards, the first narrative scenes from the

885: 7195: 6804: 6784: 6641: 6530: 5893: 5777: 3980:

by G. Schiller 1971 Lund Humphries, London. figs 150-53, 346-54.

3505: 3434:

Turner, Katie (2022). "Clothing and Dress in the Time of Jesus".

3028: 2838: 2526:

depiction of Jesus and Mary with distinctively Ethiopian features

2073:

Jesus depicted on an early 8th-century Byzantine coin. After the

1879: 1202:

are depicted as twelve sheep below the imperial Jesus, or in the

1177: 1104: 843: 791: 771: 767: 763: 735:, although from literary evidence there may well have been panel 639: 465: 450: 5188:

The Mask of Socrates, The Image of the Intellectual in Antiquity

5091:

Every, George. Christian Mythology, Hamlyn 1988 (1970 1st edn.)

4284: 4282: 3998:

The image of God the Father in Orthodox theology and iconography

897:

that will so dominate Byzantine art." For detail of Christ, see

810:("ram-bearer" figure), and in some cases may also represent the 556:

Orthodoxy, Lutheranism, Anglicanism, and Roman Catholicism. The

6011: 5957: 5913: 5530: 2777: 2424: 2404: 2219: 1827:, appears in history in around 525. Numerous replicas of this " 1792: 1457: 1421: 1377: 1191: 1169: 1084: 875: 867: 863: 859: 647: 643: 83: 7571: 3906:, "1 Corinthians 1:4", (Westmont: Inter-Varsity Press, 2005), 677:

In the first-century AD, many Jews understood Exodus 20:4–6 ("

7482: 6737: 6197: 6136: 6093: 5262: 4279: 3382: 3338:

by Ramsay MacMullen, The Society of Biblical Literature, 2009

3264:. Wayne, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1992. pp. 283–284. 3186:

The Faithful Artist: A Vision for Evangelicalism and the Arts

2428: 2135: 1978: 1906: 1898: 1670: 1100: 939:, painted in a catacomb in about 200, and the miracle of the 871: 799: 779: 689:. They are the earliest-known examples of Jewish figure art. 538: 230: 46: 29:. One of the first bearded images of Jesus, late 4th century. 5163:, 1971 (English trans from German), Lund Humphries, London, 5070:

9 (2024), pp. 1–36. DOI: 10.1080/23753234.2024.2322546.

4609: 2129: 1762:, a New Testament scholar and professor at Duke University. 1473:

objected to almost all public religious images as idolatrous

1463:

The High Renaissance was contemporary with the start of the

4071:

by Christian Raab, Harry Hagan, St. Meinrad Archabbey 2007

3548: 2994: 2449:

Jesus among the Doctors (as a child debating in the temple)

2134:) image on a Manichaean temple banner from c. 10th-century 1832: 1366: 1188: 1056: 1016: 990: 736: 5204:

Pictures of Jesus Perhaps Derived from the Shroud of Turin

4829: 4799:

Icons of American Protestantism: The Art of Warner Sallman

3504:

Cartlidge and Elliott, 53 – this is Psalm 44 in the Latin

5026:"Construction progressing on new Jesus statue along I-75" 4524: 4112:

La vida sacra: contemporary Hispanic sacramental theology

3816: 3508:; English bible translations prefer "glory" and "majesty" 5231: 814:, a popular Christian literary work of the 2nd century. 3201:, Taylor & Francis, Abingdon-on-Thames, 2013, p. 90 4026:

Hymn of entry: liturgy and life in the Orthodox church

2582:

as depicted in the Ethiopian Alwan Codex, 20th century

1460:, and this path was rarely followed by other artists. 552:

also achieves. Earlier images were much more varied.

3893:, "1 Corinthians 11:4", (Wheaton: Victor Books, 1983) 3354:(9 ed.). United States: Macmillan. p. 166. 3105:, "The Cult of Images in the Age before Iconoclasm", 3044:

Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena

2841:, claimed to be the largest statue of Jesus ever made 2363:

Palma il Vecchio, Head of Christ, 16th century, Italy

1456:, which very clearly adapted classical sculptures of 1252:, believed to be a portrait of Mary from the life by 5227:

Images of Christ – the Deesis Mosaic of Hagia Sophia

4544: 4542: 3630:

New Catholic Encyclopedia: Portraits of the Apostles

3385:

was already found in hellenized Jewish art. Hall, 66

3336:

The Second Church: Popular Christianity A.D. 200–400

2945:

Church of the Good Shepherd (Rosemont, Pennsylvania)

2820:, 1498–99, shows Mary holding the dead body of Jesus 1299:, still with no beard, from an English 12th-century 3526:Schiller, I 132. The image comes from the crypt of 3162:, Edinburgh University Press, Scotland, 2019, p. 30 2735:

standing on top of Earth as the savior of the world

1897:who started and promoted them from 1844 to 1874 in 1236:climate of Rome for this, as well as other things. 4876:. American University in Cairo Press. p. 70. 4777:Butler's lives of the saints: the third millennium 4600:, Current Anthropology, Volume 24, No 3, June 1983 4134:by Lily Rose R. Tope, Detch P. Nonan-Mercado 2005 3583:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Portraits of the Apostles" 3326:. Clement approved the use of symbolic pictograms. 3237:. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark. p. 1-14. 5217:Warner Sallman's Head of Christ: An American Icon 4539: 4467:"From science and computers, a new face of Jesus" 3534:. There are a number of other 3rd-century images. 2609:, Sweden, by the painter Georg Hansen (1868-1932) 1708:Some medieval Western depictions, usually of the 1232:(1534–41) he came under persistent attack in the 1075:, some of whom were claimed to perform miracles. 850:as evidence, others including the Church Fathers 7754: 5179:, Byzantine Art, 3rd edn 1968, Penguin Books Ltd 4867: 4865: 4671:Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices 3930:The New Westminster Dictionary of Church History 1222:showed a clean-shaven Apollo-like Christ in his 694:persecution of Christians under the Roman Empire 3887:alternate NIV translation of 1 Corinthians 11:7 2510:19th-century Russian icon of Christ Pantocrator 1803:. Many Christians believe this image to be the 1732:than his traditional depictions in Western art. 1483:During the 17th century, some writers, such as 1256:, were widely regarded as authoritative by the 5583:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament 4981: 3973: 3971: 3925: 3923: 3767:Hellemo, 7–14, citing K. Berger in particular. 2345:"Crucifixion of Jesus", illustration from the 1846:A currently familiar depiction is that on the 1276:not to have long hair. An early commentary by 1260:period and greatly influenced depictions. In 758:Initially Jesus was represented indirectly by 679:Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image 634:, 3rd century. Plaster cast with added colour. 7557: 7237: 6911:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 6610: 6027: 5247: 5103:Christian iconography: a study of its origins 4862: 4735: 4733: 4114:by James L. Empereur, Eduardo Fernández 2006 3891:The Bible Knowledge Commentary: New Testament 3625: 3623: 3351:A History of World Societies, Combined Volume 3175:, Harvard University Press, USA, 2017, p. 185 1773: 1128:. These developed into the various forms of 502: 5130:A History of Ideas and Images in Italian Art 4683: 1920:icon from c. 1100 based on a Byzantine model 1272:, Paul urges Christian men of first-century 4944:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 185. 3968: 3954:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 477–502. 3920: 3123:"The Early Church on the Aniconic Spectrum" 2385:(1541). This depiction was much criticised. 7572:Religion and philosophy in popular culture 7564: 7550: 7244: 7230: 6034: 6020: 5578:New Testament places associated with Jesus 5573:Historical background of the New Testament 5254: 5240: 4987: 4790: 4730: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4665: 4663: 4087: 4085: 3620: 1539: 560:is now the best-known example, though the 509: 495: 45: 4931: 4871: 4044: 4042: 3991: 3652: 3347: 774:or Chi-Rho was a later development). The 16:Christian icons or images depicting Jesus 7251: 5905:Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew) 5073:Cartlidge, David R., and Elliott, J. K. 4898: 4719:Tim Drake, 2002, Saints of the Jubilee, 4689: 4416:"Is this the real face of Jesus Christ?" 4342: 4215: 3815:, 112–114, 118–119 (refs to 1985 edn), 3731:. See also Cartlidge and Elliott, 55–61. 3204: 3173:The Cross: History, Art, and Controversy 3075: 2178:"Christ All Mercy" Eastern Orthodox icon 1911: 1831:" remain in circulation. There are also 1791: 1718: 1652: 1399: 1361:was a major theme in the East and every 1291: 1244:(which he claims to be identical to the 1184:, after which he is shown with a beard. 1094: 984: 904: 884: 745: 658:, but no specific form is given. In the 615: 20: 5190:, University of California Press, 1995 4753: 4708: 4660: 4242:. Zenit.org. 5 May 2010. Archived from 4092:The vitality of the Christian tradition 4082: 3904:The Ancient Christian Commentary Series 3643:by Morton Smith, Harper & Row, 1978 3403:Cartlidge and Elliott, 53–55. See also 3292: 3188:, InterVarsity Press, USA, 2016, p. 124 3084: 2192:Manichaean Painting of the Buddha Jesus 2128:Reconstruction of the enthroned Jesus ( 7755: 7349:Christ in the House of Martha and Mary 5222:Is this the real face of Jesus Christ? 4988:Blum, Edward J.; Harvey, Paul (2012). 4909:. Yale University Press. p. 192. 4904: 4796: 4750:"The Image of Divine Mercy" pp. 84–107 4548: 4492: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4460: 4458: 4039: 3949: 3433: 3303: 3232: 3054:Resurrection of Jesus in Christian art 2727:is an iconic landmark that represents 2725:Monumento al Divino Salvador del Mundo 1854:approved by the Holy See, that to the 1642: 1161:, came to dominate, especially in the 889:Bearded Jesus between Peter and Paul, 591:in particular saw images of Christ as 7545: 7225: 6015: 5235: 5018: 4937: 4801:. Yale University Press. p. 62. 4464: 4413: 4024:, "Icons as Liturgical Analogies" in 3479:, p. 65, Hamlyn 1988 (1970 1st edn.) 3438:(1 ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. 3273: 3215: 3009:Category:Cultural depictions of Jesus 1799:'s negative of his 1898 photo of the 1307:By the 5th century depictions of the 611: 606: 568:were better known in medieval times. 5161:Iconography of Christian Art, Vol. I 4370:""Super Size Me": Recognizing Jesus" 4062: 3978:Iconography of Christian Art, Vol. I 3728:Zanker, pp. 299, note 48, and 300. 3659:Biblical Archaeology Society Library 3311:Institutes of the Christian Religion 2648:in a typical Haitian rural scenery, 1111: 794:charming the animals. The image of " 685:(c. 240 AD) depict many scenes from 527:early Christian art and architecture 317:Sources for the historicity of Jesus 4521:"Experts Reconstruct Face Of Jesus" 4481: 4465:Legon, Jeordan (25 December 2002). 4455: 3841:by Paul Vignon, Paul Tice, (2002 – 3813:Artistic Theory in Italy, 1450–1600 3415:by Robin M. Jensen, Routledge, 2000 3348:McKay, John; Hill, Bennett (2011). 3262:Eusebius, Christianity, and Judaism 3127:The Westminster Theological Journal 2034:. Mosaic of the 3rd century on the 1916:"The Saviour Not Made by Hands", a 1839:to have originated in paintings by 13: 5896:(traditional maternal grandfather) 5890:(traditional maternal grandmother) 4407: 4183: 4174:by Michael Ladwein 2006 pp. 27, 60 3807:, Esperanca Camara, Khan Academy; 1522:A scene from the documentary film 891:Catacombs of Marcellinus and Peter 14: 7794: 7783:Race-related controversies in art 7663:New religious movements and cults 7354:Christ Taking Leave of His Mother 5197: 5068:Church, Communication and Culture 4779:by Paul Burns, Alban Butler 2001 4493:Wilson, Giles (27 October 2004). 4266:Faustina: Apostle of Divine Mercy 4187:The Works of Thomas Browne Vol. 2 3413:Understanding Early Christian Art 2323:Christ as the Suffering Redeemeer 1956:being among the most reproduced. 1547:Common narrative scenes from the 1031:. When pictured healing, he only 920:, Rome, c. 400–410 AD during the 7466: 7206: 7205: 7194: 6322:State church of the Roman Empire 6041: 5996: 5995: 4994:. UNC Press Books. p. 211. 4549:Fillon, Mike (7 December 2002). 4349:The Blackwell Companion to Jesus 4069:The tradition of Catholic prayer 3952:The Blackwell Companion to Jesus 2975: 2951: 2928: 2907: 2892: 2867: 2846: 2825: 2804: 2784: 2760: 2740: 2717: 2686: 2674:(1964) mural on the side of the 2661: 2637: 2614: 2587: 2572: 2549: 2531: 2515: 2503: 2484: 2459: 2440: 2411: 2390: 2368: 2356: 2334: 2314: 2289: 2273: 2252: 2230: 2207: 2183: 2171: 2143: 2121: 2101: 2082: 2066: 2047: 2023: 2011:Christian popular devotional art 1941:in a vision of Jesus in 1931 in 1287: 1270:First Epistle to the Corinthians 525:in pictorial form dates back to 476: 464: 176:Apparitions and visions of Jesus 7334:Christ and the Woman of Samaria 6305:First seven ecumenical councils 5902:(paternal grandfather per Luke) 5075:Art and the Christian Apocrypha 4823: 4770: 4639: 4603: 4590: 4513: 4394:A 12th-century English example 4388: 4362: 4351:edited by Delbert Burkett 2010 4322: 4302: 4258: 4232: 4194: 4177: 4165: 4145: 4125: 4105: 4011: 3943: 3896: 3879: 3870: 3852: 3829: 3798: 3779: 3770: 3761: 3752: 3743: 3734: 3722: 3713: 3699: 3690: 3681: 3672: 3646: 3634: 3605: 3596: 3575: 3563: 3554: 3547:, some early examples are from 3537: 3520: 3511: 3498: 3489: 3469: 3460: 3427: 3418: 3397: 3388: 3375: 3341: 3329: 3316: 3267: 3251: 3226: 2594:Jesus Christ as painted in the 1736:In 2001, the television series 1701:, after the vision reported by 1469:especially in its first decades 1059:, leader of the Greek gods, or 969:, it is impossible to tell, as 256:Background to the New Testament 7172:Relations with other religions 6578:Church of the East (Nestorian) 6573:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) 5606:Quest for the historical Jesus 5105:, Taylor & Francis, 1968, 5032:. 15 June 2012. Archived from 4872:Meinardus, Otto F. A. (2006). 3191: 3178: 3165: 3152: 3096: 1015:in Rome (430–32). He uses the 305:Quest for the historical Jesus 1: 7299:Rest on the Flight into Egypt 5132:, 1983, John Murray, London, 5051: 4692:Encyclopedia of Sacred Places 4414:Wells, Matt (27 March 2001). 4094:by George Finger Thomas 1944 3313:Book 1, Chapter V. Section 6. 3019:God the Father in Western art 2984:sculpture of suffering Christ 2644:A mural (1951) depicting the 2559:mosaic in the dome above the 2077:all coins had Christ on them. 2030:A representation of Jesus as 1928:, which was approved by Pope 1866:Before 1898, devotion to the 1829:image not made by human hands 1649:God the Father in Western art 1025:multiply the bread and fishes 1004: 858:(d. 220) believed, following 7778:Cultural depictions of Jesus 7324:Miraculous Draught of Fishes 5983:Sexuality and marital status 4329:Encyclopedia of early cinema 4229:, Volume 24, No 3, June 1983 3616:Bible Review, 17.8, Oct 2002 3049:Race and appearance of Jesus 2704: 2650:Cathédrale de Sainte Trinité 2565:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 2130: 2005:on a living room wall", and 1695:Early Netherlandish painting 1151:" in Roman sarcophagii; the 7: 7585:List of fictional religions 7453:Incredulity of Saint Thomas 6879:Views on poverty and wealth 5192:Online Scholarship editions 4291:by Benedict Groeschel 2010 4051:by Rosalind B. Brooke 2006 3864:by Paul Vignon, Paul Tice, 3274:Baird, Jennifer A. (2018). 3002: 2699:in Mandaluyong, Philippines 2261:The Baptism of Jesus Christ 2060:St. Mary Church, Diyarbakır 2016: 1870:used an image based on the 1596:Devotional images include: 1204:Mausoleum of Galla Placidia 989:The oldest surviving panel 933:to be clearly seen are the 10: 7799: 7359:Purification of the Temple 7309:Presentation in the Temple 7277:Adoration of the Shepherds 7124:World Evangelical Alliance 7086:Traditionalist Catholicism 5556:Five Discourses of Matthew 4938:Lippy, Charles H. (1994). 4690:Brockman, Norbert (2011). 4495:"So what color was Jesus?" 4264:Catherine M. Odell, 1998, 4152:Experiencing Art Around Us 3653:Jefferson, Lee M. (2020). 3411:, 17.8, October 2002, and 2772:, the most famous icon in 2708: 2693:Depiction of Jesus at the 2498:descending as a dove, 1723 2162:form, used throughout the 2108:A beardless Christ in the 1777: 1774:Miraculous images of Jesus 1646: 1561:Adoration of the Shepherds 1503:'s 1898 photograph of the 322:Reliability of the Gospels 25:A mural painting from the 7732: 7691: 7633: 7577: 7521: 7475: 7464: 7401:Christ Carrying the Cross 7304:Massacre of the Innocents 7259: 7189: 7139: 7119:World Council of Churches 7094: 7012: 6896: 6887: 6842: 6627: 6611: 6606:Latter Day Saint movement 6591: 6551: 6451: 6432: 6378: 6335: 6280: 6186: 6165: 6124: 6092: 6049: 5991: 5923: 5842: 5768: 5691: 5648: 5591: 5521: 5287: 5269: 5261: 5060:and Maciej Jan Jasiński, 4907:The Art of Warner Sallman 4742:by Richard Torretto 2010 4694:. ABC-CLIO. p. 140. 4645:Joan Carroll Cruz, 1984, 3932:by Robert Benedetto 2006 3602:Cartlidge and Elliott, 60 3532:Catacombs_of_San_Callisto 3444:10.5040/9781350928077.003 3235:What did Jesus look like? 1406:Christ Carrying the Cross 1165:. In the earliest large 638:Except for Jesus wearing 531:aniconism in Christianity 7620:Religion and video games 7513:List of statues of Jesus 7314:Christ Among the Doctors 7147:Anti-Christian sentiment 6327:Christian biblical canon 5783:In comparative mythology 4551:"The Real Face Of Jesus" 4311:By Freek L. Bakker 2009 3381:Orpheus as a symbol for 3233:Taylor, Joan E. (2018). 3069: 3034:List of statues of Jesus 2733:Transfiguration of Jesus 2731:city. It symbolizes the 2711:List of statues of Jesus 2680:University of Notre Dame 2420:Transfiguration of Jesus 2094:painting of Jesus Christ 1756:University of Manchester 1556:Nativity of Jesus in art 1365:monk who had trained in 1359:Transfiguration of Jesus 1142:Athanasius of Alexandria 261:Language spoken by Jesus 7709:Humor about Catholicism 7201:Christianity portal 6360:Investiture Controversy 5936:Interactions with women 4740:A Divine Mercy Resource 4049:The image of St Francis 2919:, a statue of Jesus by 1540:Conventional depictions 754:, dating from about 235 739:which, like almost all 664:a vision the author had 601:Evangelical Protestants 471:Christianity portal 7600:Philosophy of religion 7416:Descent from the Cross 7152:Christian universalism 6543:Western Rite Orthodoxy 6388:Protestant Reformation 5946:Mary, sister of Martha 5566:Oral gospel traditions 4905:Morgan, David (1996). 4797:Morgan, David (1996). 4396:is in the Getty Museum 4000:by Steven Bigham 1995 3612:The Two Faces of Jesus 3405:The Two Faces of Jesus 2900:Infant Jesus of Prague 2834:Cristo de la Concordia 2431:and three apostles by 1975:Coptic Orthodox Church 1921: 1886:traces back to Sister 1808: 1733: 1662: 1586:Descent from the Cross 1465:Protestant Reformation 1417: 1304: 1301:illuminated manuscript 1136:("Ruler of all") from 1108: 1008: 977:of about 235 from the 924: 902: 790:in the lion's den; or 755: 683:Dura-Europos synagogue 635: 585:Protestant Reformation 535:the ante-Nicene period 275:Mental health of Jesus 30: 27:catacomb of Commodilla 7668:Seventh-day Adventism 7508:Life of Christ Museum 7503:Stations of the Cross 7282:Adoration of the Magi 6810:Anointing of the Sick 5673:Life of Christ Museum 5668:Life of Christ in art 4154:by Thomas Buser 2005 3792:11 March 2012 at the 3260:, Gohei Hata, et al. 3184:Cameron J. Anderson, 3107:Dumbarton Oaks Papers 3039:Ostentatio genitalium 2967:Iglesia de San Felipe 2696:Santuario de San Jose 2280:Portrait of Jesus by 2266:Piero della Francesca 2112:New Minster Charter, 1915: 1795: 1748:forensic anthropology 1727: 1656: 1623:(mother and dead son) 1571:Finding in the Temple 1566:Adoration of the Magi 1549:Life of Christ in art 1489:Pseudodoxia Epidemica 1438:, arguably the first 1403: 1295: 1196:Santi Cosma e Damiano 1174:Sant'Apollinare Nuovo 1098: 1090:Clement of Alexandria 1041:Secret Gospel of Mark 988: 959:may be intended as a 908: 888: 820:Adoration of the Magi 749: 706:Clement of Alexandria 627:Adoration of the Magi 619: 441:Life of Christ Museum 362:Perspectives on Jesus 57:Jesus in Christianity 24: 7773:Iconography of Jesus 7253:Life of Jesus in art 7131:Nondenominationalism 7004:Role in civilization 6471:Independent Catholic 6413:Relations with Islam 6393:Catholic Reformation 5489:Sayings on the cross 5447:Entry into Jerusalem 5209:4 March 2012 at the 4853:leukemia. Sallman's 4832:Coptic Church Review 4331:by Richard Abe 2005 4246:on 27 September 2012 4240:"Zenit, May 5, 2010" 4227:Current Anthropology 4202:Holy Shroud of Turin 4200:Arthur Barnes, 2003 3860:The Shroud of Christ 3837:The Shroud of Christ 3614:by Robin M. Jensen, 3407:by Robin M. Jensen, 2970:, Portobelo, Panama. 2580:Crucifixion of Jesus 2403:of Christ, 1558, by 2375:Mary and Christ, in 2348:Nestorian Evangelion 2299:'s depiction of the 2075:Byzantine iconoclasm 2040:St. Peter's Basilica 2007:deathbed conversions 1973:is venerated in the 1950:Eugene Kazimierowski 1813:Eusebius of Caesarea 1581:Crucifixion of Jesus 1517:La Passion du Christ 1380:image of Jesus as a 1355:Byzantine Iconoclasm 1021:change water to wine 922:Western Roman Empire 827:, or display of the 823:, seen as the first 770:, or an anchor (the 762:symbols such as the 743:, have disappeared. 714:Eusebius of Caesarea 712:(c. 240–c. 320) and 652:Acts of the Apostles 581:Byzantine iconoclasm 546:Eastern Christianity 533:was rejected within 7768:Early Christian art 7369:Agony in the Garden 7177:Unlimited atonement 7162:Cultural Christians 6601:Jehovah's Witnesses 6223:Sermon on the Mount 6152:Christian tradition 6079:Lists of Christians 5978:Race and appearance 5916:(traditional uncle) 5822:Jesus the Splendour 5464:Agony in the Garden 5379:Sermon on the Mount 5159:Schiller, Gertrud. 5077:, Routledge, 2001, 4401:7 June 2010 at the 3641:Jesus, the Magician 3551:. Schiller, I, 181 3477:Christian Mythology 2769:Christ the Redeemer 2423:depicting him with 2326:, c. 1488–1500, by 2138:(East Central Asia) 1995:religious magazines 1934:Divine Mercy Sunday 1901:France, and Sister 1841:Luke the Evangelist 1643:Range of depictions 1477:Counter-Reformation 1415:Counter-Reformation 1234:Counter-Reformation 1198:in Rome, where the 1073:Apollonius of Tyana 1065:Euphrates the Stoic 979:Dura Europos church 666:of "someone like a 587:, the followers of 119:Sermon on the Mount 7590:Fictional religion 7488:Depiction of Jesus 7344:Raising of Lazarus 7022:Crusading movement 6290:Ante-Nicene period 5963:Rejection of Jesus 5640:Christ myth theory 5457:Farewell Discourse 4969:Covenant Companion 4816:Covenant Companion 4289:Am With You Always 3862:("Constantinople") 3258:Harold W. Attridge 3160:Screening Divinity 2885:Church of Our Lady 2875:Bertel Thorvaldsen 2798:Chartres Cathedral 2631:St John's Ashfield 2557:Christ Pantocrator 2477:hovering depiction 2378:The Last Judgement 2282:Cima da Conegliano 2152:Christ Pantocrator 2116:, mid-10th century 2091:Church of the East 1965:The Head of Christ 1926:Divine Mercy image 1922: 1884:Catholic devotions 1868:Holy Face of Jesus 1856:Holy Face of Jesus 1852:Catholic devotions 1809: 1805:Holy Face of Jesus 1784:Divine Mercy image 1734: 1663: 1611:Christ Pantokrator 1509:Divine Mercy image 1418: 1344:raising of Lazarus 1305: 1109: 1009: 1001:encaustic on panel 996:Christ Pantocrator 942:Raising of Lazarus 925: 910:Christ Pantocrator 903: 880:Augustine of Hippo 812:Shepherd of Hermas 756: 741:classical painting 660:Book of Revelation 642:—the tassels on a 636: 612:Before Constantine 607:Early Christianity 523:depiction of Jesus 31: 7750: 7749: 7742:Philosophy portal 7658:Latter Day Saints 7648:EST and The Forum 7539: 7538: 7431:Harrowing of Hell 7389:Mocking of Christ 7319:Baptism of Christ 7294:Flight into Egypt 7219: 7218: 7185: 7184: 7113:Charta Oecumenica 6623: 6622: 6613:Iglesia ni Cristo 6428: 6427: 6408:French Revolution 6398:Thirty Years' War 6270:Apostolic fathers 6238:Great Commandment 6009: 6008: 5931:Language of Jesus 5878:Brothers of Jesus 5750:Session of Christ 5626:Mara bar Serapion 5427:Great Commandment 5322:Flight into Egypt 5177:David Talbot Rice 5154:978-90-04-08836-8 5111:978-0-7100-0605-9 5083:978-0-415-23392-7 5001:978-0-8078-3737-5 4951:978-0-313-27895-2 4916:978-0-300-06342-4 4883:978-1-61797-262-1 4808:978-0-300-06342-4 4785:978-0-86012-383-5 4765:978-0-87973-923-2 4725:978-1-4033-1009-5 4701:978-1-59884-654-6 4627:Missing or empty 4596:William Meacham, 4559:. San Francisco: 4556:Popular Mechanics 4297:978-1-58617-257-2 4274:978-0-87973-923-2 4221:William Meacham, 4160:978-0-534-64114-6 4034:978-0-88141-026-6 3961:978-1-4443-5175-0 3787:Bridgeman Library 3569:Syndicus, 92–93, 3453:978-1-350-92807-7 3361:978-0-312-66691-0 3285:978-1-4725-2365-5 3244:978-0-567-67150-9 3171:Robin M. Jensen, 2923:completed in 2012 2793:Christ in Majesty 2036:Tomb of the Julii 1939:Faustina Kowalska 1888:Marie of St Peter 1817:Abgarus of Edessa 1725: 1710:Meeting at Emmaus 1703:Bridget of Sweden 1606:Christ in Majesty 1601:Madonna and child 1530:George Washington 1513:Faustina Kowalska 1449:The Last Judgment 1430:Leonardo da Vinci 1297:Christ in Majesty 1262:Eastern Orthodoxy 1194:in the church of 1130:Christ in Majesty 1112:After Constantine 1088:leaders, such as 936:Baptism of Christ 916:in the church of 895:Christ in Majesty 848:Meeting at Emmaus 796:The Good Shepherd 733:catacombs of Rome 632:Catacombs of Rome 519: 518: 334:Jesus myth theory 7790: 7625:Religious satire 7610:Pseudophilosophy 7566: 7559: 7552: 7543: 7542: 7470: 7448:Supper at Emmaus 7379:Taking of Christ 7329:Marriage at Cana 7246: 7239: 7232: 7223: 7222: 7209: 7208: 7199: 7198: 7042:Environmentalism 6992:Church buildings 6894: 6893: 6709:Eastern Orthodox 6704:Eastern Catholic 6616: 6615: 6583:Eastern Catholic 6561:Eastern Orthodox 6449: 6448: 6370:Age of Discovery 6355:East–West Schism 6253:Great Commission 6184: 6183: 6036: 6029: 6022: 6013: 6012: 5999: 5998: 5874:(alleged father) 5728:Person of Christ 5601:Historical Jesus 5432:Olivet Discourse 5360:Great Commission 5256: 5249: 5242: 5233: 5232: 5058:Bühren, Ralf van 5046: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5022: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5008: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4960: 4958: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4902: 4896: 4895: 4869: 4860: 4859: 4827: 4821: 4820: 4794: 4788: 4774: 4768: 4757: 4751: 4737: 4728: 4717: 4706: 4705: 4687: 4681: 4667: 4658: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4630: 4625: 4623: 4615: 4607: 4601: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4546: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4490: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4462: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4411: 4405: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4372:. 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Brill; 1989. 5142:Hellemo, Geir. 5101:Grabar, André. 5054: 5049: 5039: 5037: 5036:on 29 June 2013 5024: 5023: 5019: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4991:Color of Christ 4986: 4982: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4936: 4932: 4917: 4903: 4899: 4884: 4870: 4863: 4828: 4824: 4809: 4795: 4791: 4775: 4771: 4758: 4754: 4738: 4731: 4718: 4709: 4702: 4688: 4684: 4669:Ann Ball, 2003 4668: 4661: 4644: 4640: 4628: 4626: 4617: 4616: 4608: 4604: 4595: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4547: 4540: 4530: 4528: 4527:. 27 March 2001 4519: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4491: 4482: 4472: 4470: 4463: 4456: 4446: 4444: 4412: 4408: 4403:Wayback Machine 4393: 4389: 4379: 4377: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4347: 4343: 4327: 4323: 4307: 4303: 4287: 4280: 4263: 4259: 4249: 4247: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4220: 4216: 4199: 4195: 4182: 4178: 4170: 4166: 4150: 4146: 4130: 4126: 4110: 4106: 4090: 4083: 4067: 4063: 4047: 4040: 4016: 4012: 3996: 3992: 3976: 3969: 3962: 3948: 3944: 3928: 3921: 3901: 3897: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3871: 3857: 3853: 3834: 3830: 3805:"Last Judgment" 3803: 3799: 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2691: 2682: 2666: 2657: 2642: 2633: 2619: 2610: 2598: 2592: 2583: 2577: 2568: 2554: 2545: 2543:Enrique Simonet 2536: 2527: 2520: 2511: 2508: 2499: 2489: 2480: 2464: 2455: 2445: 2436: 2416: 2407: 2395: 2386: 2373: 2364: 2361: 2352: 2339: 2330: 2328:Andrea Mantegna 2319: 2310: 2297:Pietro Perugino 2294: 2285: 2278: 2269: 2257: 2248: 2235: 2226: 2218:– 13th-century 2212: 2203: 2188: 2179: 2176: 2167: 2148: 2139: 2126: 2117: 2106: 2097: 2087: 2078: 2071: 2062: 2054:Christ holding 2052: 2043: 2028: 2019: 1848:Shroud of Turin 1825:Image of Edessa 1801:Shroud of Turin 1790: 1778:Main articles: 1776: 1719: 1659:Ethiopian image 1651: 1645: 1542: 1534:Ronald McDonald 1505:Shroud of Turin 1340:church calendar 1325:image of Edessa 1313:Rabbula Gospels 1290: 1246:Shroud of Turin 1242:Image of Edessa 1200:twelve apostles 1122:Christ the King 1114: 1047:(the so-called 870:(d. 248) cited 718:Synod of Elvira 614: 609: 573:Synod of Elvira 562:Image of Edessa 558:Shroud of Turin 515: 477: 475: 463: 456: 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5869: 5864: 5863:(legal father) 5858: 5852: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5825: 5824: 5814: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5797: 5796: 5795: 5785: 5780: 5774: 5772: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5736: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5697: 5695: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5654: 5652: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5634: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5608: 5597: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5569: 5568: 5563: 5561:Gospel harmony 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5527: 5525: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5504: 5503: 5493: 5492: 5491: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5460: 5459: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5403: 5402: 5392: 5391: 5390: 5376: 5375: 5374: 5364: 5363: 5362: 5357: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5326: 5325: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5304: 5298: 5296: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5281: 5279:List of topics 5276: 5270: 5267: 5266: 5259: 5258: 5251: 5244: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5199: 5198:External links 5196: 5195: 5194: 5184:de:Paul Zanker 5182:Zanker, Paul. 5180: 5174: 5171: 5157: 5140: 5126: 5116: 5099: 5089: 5071: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5047: 5017: 5000: 4980: 4973:Head of Christ 4965:Head of Christ 4950: 4930: 4924:Head of Christ 4915: 4897: 4891:Head of Christ 4882: 4861: 4855:Head of Christ 4850:Head of Christ 4822: 4807: 4789: 4769: 4752: 4729: 4707: 4700: 4682: 4659: 4638: 4602: 4589: 4538: 4512: 4480: 4454: 4406: 4387: 4376:on 5 July 2022 4361: 4341: 4321: 4301: 4278: 4257: 4231: 4214: 4193: 4176: 4164: 4144: 4124: 4104: 4081: 4061: 4038: 4010: 3990: 3967: 3960: 3942: 3919: 3895: 3885:Regarding the 3878: 3869: 3851: 3828: 3797: 3778: 3769: 3760: 3751: 3742: 3733: 3721: 3712: 3698: 3689: 3680: 3671: 3645: 3633: 3619: 3604: 3595: 3574: 3562: 3553: 3536: 3519: 3510: 3497: 3488: 3468: 3459: 3452: 3436:Bloomsbury CJL 3426: 3417: 3396: 3394:Syndicus, 21–3 3387: 3374: 3360: 3340: 3328: 3315: 3302: 3291: 3284: 3266: 3250: 3243: 3225: 3214: 3203: 3190: 3177: 3164: 3158:Lisa Maurice, 3151: 3114: 3095: 3083: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3059:Salvator Mundi 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3004: 3001: 3000: 2999: 2981: 2974: 2972: 2957: 2950: 2948: 2934: 2927: 2925: 2913: 2906: 2904: 2898: 2891: 2889: 2873: 2866: 2864: 2852: 2845: 2843: 2831: 2824: 2822: 2810: 2803: 2801: 2790: 2783: 2781: 2774:Rio de Janeiro 2766: 2759: 2757: 2746: 2739: 2737: 2723: 2716: 2709:Main article: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2701: 2692: 2685: 2683: 2667: 2660: 2658: 2654:Port-au-Prince 2643: 2636: 2634: 2620: 2613: 2611: 2593: 2586: 2584: 2578: 2571: 2569: 2555: 2548: 2546: 2537: 2530: 2528: 2522:A traditional 2521: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2502: 2500: 2490: 2483: 2481: 2465: 2458: 2456: 2446: 2439: 2437: 2417: 2410: 2408: 2396: 2389: 2387: 2374: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2355: 2353: 2351:, 16th century 2340: 2333: 2331: 2320: 2313: 2311: 2295: 2288: 2286: 2279: 2272: 2270: 2268:, c. 1448-1450 2258: 2251: 2249: 2236: 2229: 2227: 2213: 2206: 2204: 2189: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2170: 2168: 2149: 2142: 2140: 2127: 2120: 2118: 2107: 2100: 2098: 2088: 2081: 2079: 2072: 2065: 2063: 2056:Gospel of John 2053: 2046: 2044: 2029: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2003:Head of Christ 1991:Head of Christ 1971:Head of Christ 1960:Warner Sallman 1878:on the way to 1788:Head of Christ 1775: 1772: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1637:Pensive Christ 1634: 1632:Man of sorrows 1629: 1624: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1594: 1593: 1591:Last Judgement 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1541: 1538: 1454:Sistine Chapel 1452:fresco in the 1353:The period of 1348:cruciform halo 1336:Life of Christ 1327:and later the 1289: 1286: 1258:Early Medieval 1230:Sistine Chapel 1228:fresco in the 1212:Eastern Church 1163:Eastern Empire 1154:Traditio Legis 1138:God the Father 1118:Edict of Milan 1113: 1110: 1045:Gospel of John 1037:Gospel of Mark 930:Life of Christ 624:slab with the 613: 610: 608: 605: 577:Eastern church 550:cruciform halo 517: 516: 514: 513: 506: 499: 491: 488: 487: 486: 485: 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7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7578:Main articles 7576: 7567: 7562: 7560: 7555: 7553: 7548: 7547: 7544: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7523: 7520: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7474: 7469: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7443: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7396: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7374:Kiss of Judas 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7274: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7264: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7247: 7242: 7240: 7235: 7233: 7228: 7227: 7224: 7212: 7204: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7191: 7188: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7138: 7132: 7129: 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6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6696: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6639: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6626: 6614: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6590: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6554: 6550: 6544: 6541: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6450: 6447: 6444: 6440: 6435: 6434:Denominations 6431: 6419: 6416: 6415: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6403:Enlightenment 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6377: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6334: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6307: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6279: 6271: 6268: 6267: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6199: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6191: 6185: 6182: 6179: 6173: 6168: 6164: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6117: 6116:New Testament 6114: 6112: 6111:Old Testament 6109: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6048: 6044: 6037: 6032: 6030: 6025: 6023: 6018: 6017: 6014: 6002: 5994: 5993: 5990: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5973:Mental health 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5922: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5862: 5859: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5841: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5801: 5798: 5794: 5793:In the Talmud 5791: 5790: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5767: 5761: 5760:Cosmic Christ 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5745:Second Coming 5743: 5741: 5738: 5734: 5733:Pre-existence 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5719: 5716: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5703: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5690: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5647: 5641: 5638: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5523:New Testament 5520: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5497: 5494: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5401: 5400:Lord's Prayer 5398: 5397: 5396: 5393: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5369: 5368: 5365: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5352: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5335:Unknown years 5333: 5330: 5327: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5317:Date of birth 5315: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5252: 5250: 5245: 5243: 5238: 5237: 5234: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213:December 2005 5212: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5201: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5169:0-85331-270-2 5166: 5162: 5158: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5146: 5141: 5139: 5138:0-7195-3971-4 5135: 5131: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5098: 5097:0-600-34290-5 5094: 5090: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5069: 5065: 5064: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5021: 5014: 5003: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4984: 4977: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4953: 4947: 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4140:0-7614-1475-4 4137: 4133: 4128: 4121: 4120:0-7425-5157-1 4117: 4113: 4108: 4101: 4100:0-8369-2378-2 4097: 4093: 4088: 4086: 4078: 4077:0-8146-3184-3 4074: 4070: 4065: 4058: 4057:0-521-78291-0 4054: 4050: 4045: 4043: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4020:Vasileios of 4019: 4018:Archimandrite 4014: 4007: 4006:1-879038-15-3 4003: 3999: 3994: 3987: 3986:0-85331-270-2 3983: 3979: 3974: 3972: 3963: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3939: 3938:0-8264-8011-X 3935: 3931: 3926: 3924: 3917: 3913: 3912:0-8308-2492-8 3909: 3905: 3899: 3892: 3888: 3882: 3873: 3867: 3863: 3861: 3855: 3848: 3847:1-885395-96-5 3844: 3840: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3809:Blunt Anthony 3806: 3801: 3795: 3791: 3788: 3782: 3773: 3764: 3755: 3746: 3737: 3730: 3725: 3716: 3708: 3702: 3693: 3684: 3675: 3660: 3656: 3649: 3642: 3637: 3631: 3626: 3624: 3617: 3613: 3608: 3599: 3584: 3578: 3572: 3566: 3557: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3533: 3529: 3523: 3514: 3507: 3501: 3492: 3486: 3485:0-600-34290-5 3482: 3478: 3472: 3463: 3455: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3421: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3400: 3391: 3384: 3378: 3363: 3357: 3353: 3352: 3344: 3337: 3332: 3325: 3319: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3295: 3287: 3281: 3277: 3270: 3263: 3259: 3254: 3246: 3240: 3236: 3229: 3223: 3218: 3212: 3211:Matthew 14:46 3207: 3200: 3194: 3187: 3181: 3174: 3168: 3161: 3155: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3092: 3087: 3078: 3074: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3006: 2996: 2990: 2985: 2982:16th century 2978: 2973: 2969: 2968: 2963: 2962: 2954: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2941:Good Shepherd 2938: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2910: 2905: 2901: 2895: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2876: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2856: 2849: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2835: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2818: 2813: 2807: 2802: 2799: 2795: 2794: 2787: 2782: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2763: 2758: 2755: 2751: 2750: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2720: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2698: 2697: 2689: 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2014: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1987: 1985: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1967: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1919: 1914: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1903:Maria Pierina 1900: 1896: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1780:Acheiropoieta 1771: 1769: 1763: 1761: 1760:Mark Goodacre 1757: 1753: 1752:Richard Neave 1749: 1745: 1741: 1740: 1731: 1730:olive-colored 1717: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1690: 1688: 1687:race of Jesus 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1667:Coptic Church 1660: 1655: 1650: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1550: 1545: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1525:Super Size Me 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1486: 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5693:Christianity 5663:Christ Child 5658:Bibliography 5649: 5508:Resurrection 5422:Homelessness 5331:(apocryphal) 5312:Virgin birth 5302:Annunciation 5294:Jesus's life 5187: 5160: 5143: 5129: 5128:James Hall. 5119: 5114:Google books 5102: 5087:Google books 5074: 5067: 5061: 5038:. 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Retrieved 3133:(1): 35–47. 3130: 3126: 3117: 3106: 3098: 3086: 3077: 2965: 2961:Cristo Negro 2959: 2921:Tom Tsuchiya 2914: 2887:, Copenhagen 2878: 2853: 2832: 2815: 2812:Michelangelo 2791: 2768: 2748: 2729:San Salvador 2694: 2671:Word of Life 2669: 2567:in Jerusalem 2538: 2468:Resurrection 2467: 2448: 2418: 2399: 2383:Michelangelo 2377: 2346: 2321: 2306:Stabat Mater 2304: 2259: 2242:coat of arms 2224:Hagia Sophia 2190: 2032:Sol Invictus 2002: 1990: 1988: 1970: 1963: 1962:stated that 1958: 1947: 1930:John Paul II 1923: 1876:Via Dolorosa 1865: 1845: 1820: 1810: 1764: 1737: 1735: 1707: 1691: 1664: 1616:Sacred Heart 1595: 1546: 1543: 1523: 1521: 1516: 1498: 1482: 1471:, violently 1462: 1447: 1444:Michelangelo 1433: 1426:Fra Angelico 1419: 1404: 1375: 1352: 1333: 1306: 1267: 1238: 1224: 1220:Michelangelo 1208: 1206:at Ravenna. 1186: 1152: 1146: 1115: 1077: 1069:Dio of Prusa 1055:and that of 1053: 1049:Signs Gospel 1027:, and raise 1013:Santa Sabina 1010: 994: 974: 970: 960: 954: 950: 940: 934: 928: 926: 914:Roman mosaic 841: 818: 816: 784:resurrection 766:(fish), the 757: 752:Dura Europos 730: 691: 676: 656:Apostle Paul 637: 625: 570: 554: 543: 522: 520: 445: 428: 416:Bar-Serapion 268: / 171:Intercession 151:Resurrection 99:Virgin birth 18: 7673:Scientology 7526:Visual arts 7498:Holy Family 7421:Lamentation 7406:Crucifixion 7364:Last Supper 7167:Persecution 7102:Christendom 7095:Cooperation 7032:Charismatic 6943:Holy Spirit 6852:Natural law 6815:Holy orders 6664:Christology 6657:Holy Spirit 6526:Pentecostal 6506:Evangelical 6501:Charismatic 6345:Monasticism 6337:Middle Ages 6300:Constantine 6243:Crucifixion 6125:Foundations 5909:Descendants 5867:Holy Family 5850:Genealogies 5817:Manichaeism 5723:Incarnation 5718:Christology 5711:1st century 5593:Historicity 5484:Crucifixion 5452:Last Supper 5040:7 September 4162:pp. 382–383 4132:Philippines 4102:pp. 110–112 4059:pp. 183–184 4008:pp. 226–227 3988:pp. 181–184 3749:Zanker, 290 3740:Grabar, 119 3678:Zanker, 302 3664:25 February 3466:Zanker, 299 3424:Hall, 70–71 3014:Crucifixion 2987: [ 2599: [ 2496:Holy Spirit 2473:Noël Coypel 2400:Crucifixion 2301:Crucifixion 2284:(1459–1517) 2216:Pantocrator 2164:Middle Ages 2110:Anglo-Saxon 1999:headhunters 1918:Novgorodian 1860:Secondo Pia 1797:Secondo Pia 1699:Virgin Mary 1627:Lamb of God 1501:Secondo Pia 1435:Last Supper 1409:, 1580, by 1390:Franciscans 1134:Pantocrator 1126:iconography 1107:, after 500 1081:Mesopotamia 962:Last Supper 956:agape feast 947:Holy Spirit 726:Protestants 722:John Calvin 692:During the 622:sarcophagus 589:John Calvin 436:Life in art 312:Historicity 266:Jesus' race 136:Humiliation 69:Christology 7757:Categories 7081:Prosperity 7057:Liberation 6997:Cathedrals 6982:Pilgrimage 6967:Literature 6844:Philosophy 6780:Sacraments 6753:Four marks 6714:Protestant 6689:Born again 6486:Anabaptist 6476:Protestant 6418:Influences 6380:Modern era 6084:By country 5755:Son of God 5650:Depictions 5388:Beatitudes 5345:Temptation 5289:Chronology 5052:References 4649:OSV Press 4629:|url= 4523:. London: 4424:. London: 4268:OSV Press 4250:4 November 3876:Grigg, 5–7 3825:0198810504 2997:, Czechia. 2964:, at the 2625:(1932) in 2607:Hässleholm 2561:Katholikon 2541:(1890) by 2451:, 1630 by 2239:attributed 2197:Manichaean 2114:Winchester 1954:Adolf Hyla 1945:, Poland. 1895:Leo Dupont 1768:Gethsemane 1739:Son of God 1714:Jewish hat 1675:Coptic art 1647:See also: 1254:Saint Luke 1250:Hodegetria 1172:cycle, in 1149:wunderkind 1144:(d. 373). 982:variation. 856:Tertullian 808:Kriophoros 776:staurogram 724:and other 710:Lactantius 708:(d. 215), 687:the Tanakh 668:Son of Man 650:. In the 593:idolatrous 396:Manichaean 295:Chronology 249:Background 7458:Ascension 7395:Ecce homo 7157:Criticism 7107:Ecumenism 7071:Mysticism 7037:Democracy 7027:Anarchism 7014:Movements 6977:Mythology 6955:Catechism 6950:Education 6867:Evolution 6790:Eucharist 6773:Canon law 6731:Theotokos 6726:Mariology 6684:Salvation 6674:Tradition 6521:Methodist 6481:Adventist 6315:Chalcedon 5968:Criticism 5953:Christmas 5829:Mandaeism 5805:Ahmadiyya 5513:Ascension 5437:Anointing 5372:Disciples 5355:Selecting 4844:0273-3269 4767:pp. 63–64 4727:pp. 85–95 4569:0032-4558 4434:0261-3077 4380:13 August 4079:pp. 86–87 4036:pp. 81–90 3940:pp. 51–53 3839:("marks") 3588:10 August 3139:0043-4388 3024:Holy card 2937:boy Jesus 2916:Lux Mundi 2705:Sculpture 2621:Jesus as 2524:Ethiopian 2492:Trevisani 2343:Nestorian 2154:with the 2089:Restored 1892:Venerable 1821:Mandylion 1683:Ethiopian 1551:include: 1511:based on 1496:Jairus.” 1388:, as the 1282:Nazirites 899:this file 829:incarnate 825:theophany 802:youth in 800:beardless 760:pictogram 662:there is 630:from the 446:Depiction 369:Christian 339:Criticism 329:Mythology 270:genealogy 236:End times 221:Disciples 161:Obedience 156:Ascension 141:Execution 7719:Muhammad 7272:Nativity 7211:Category 7076:Pacifism 6890:features 6874:Politics 6827:Ablution 6795:Marriage 6699:Catholic 6629:Theology 6536:Reformed 6516:Lutheran 6511:Holiness 6491:Anglican 6461:Catholic 6365:Crusades 6310:Nicaea I 6260:Apostles 6233:Miracles 6228:Parables 6218:Ministry 6208:Nativity 6172:timeline 6069:Prophets 6064:Glossary 6001:Category 5872:Panthera 5857:(mother) 5616:Josephus 5469:Betrayal 5412:Miracles 5407:Parables 5367:Ministry 5350:Apostles 5307:Nativity 5207:Archived 5007:30 April 4957:30 April 4620:cite web 4501:. London 4499:BBC News 4442:60623878 4426:Guardian 4399:Archived 3866:op. cit. 3790:Archived 3367:5 August 3003:See also 2880:Christus 2860:Palencia 2858:, above 2754:Portugal 2479:of Jesus 2433:Carracci 2199:prophet 2017:Examples 1984:leukemia 1890:and the 1837:Orthodox 1661:of Jesus 1493:Nazarite 1411:El Greco 1395:Nativity 1278:Pelagius 1043:and the 951:Baptisms 844:Gnostics 804:pastoral 702:Irenaeus 620:Incised 564:and the 406:Josephus 401:Mandaean 131:Parables 126:Miracles 114:Ministry 104:Nativity 38:a series 36:Part of 7476:Related 7140:Related 6933:Trinity 6898:Culture 6862:Science 6832:Hygiene 6822:Mission 6805:Penance 6785:Baptism 6721:Worship 6694:Liturgy 6642:Trinity 6553:Eastern 6531:Quakers 6496:Baptist 6453:Western 6443:members 6213:Baptism 6167:History 6157:Worship 6059:Outline 5924:Related 5894:Joachim 5788:Judaism 5778:Jesuism 5678:Statues 5631:Gospels 5621:Tacitus 5611:Sources 5536:Matthew 5531:Gospels 5442:Passion 5395:Prayers 5340:Baptism 5329:Infancy 5274:Outline 4577:3643271 4212:pp. 2–9 4122:pp. 3–5 3545:Baptism 3530:in the 3506:Vulgate 3144:2 March 3029:Ichthys 2939:as the 2862:, Spain 2839:Bolivia 2678:at the 2656:, Haiti 2563:of the 1909:Italy. 1880:Calvary 1677:. 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