265:. She met several of the Desert Fathers, following them in their travels and ministering to them using her own money. At one point she was thrown into prison for supporting them, after several of the Fathers had been banished by the officials in Palestine. She eventually founded a convent in Jerusalem which had about fifty nuns. Melania the Elder is an example of female power and leadership within Christian asceticism due to the influence she held in the region with the founding of monasteries and convents. Melania the Elder was also educated and held the ability to read and write, separating her from other ascetic leaders and women. Her granddaughter, Melania the Younger, was married at the age of thirteen and had two sons, both of whom died at a young age. When she was twenty, she and her husband Pinianus renounced the world, both founding convents and monasteries.
169:
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242:. After the death of her parents, she sold everything she had and gave the money to the poor. The giving up of property, money, and items of value was a pinnacle of asceticism, due to the worldly value placed on such items. Moving outside the city with her blind sister, she lived as a hermit among the tombs outside of Alexandria. Gradually a community of women ascetics grew up around her, who she served as their spiritual mother. Even though she was an ascetic and hermit, Syncletica taught moderation, and that asceticism was not an end in itself.
31:
272:, women were quite prominent in the desert tradition, even though early accounts often leave women nameless. In Cameron’s opinion there is no distinction between the men’s wise sayings and that of Amma Sarah and Amma Syncletia. One text refers to Theodora, who had monks listening to her counsel and asking questions. Some women converted their houses into religious establishments and there were sex-mixed social/religious groups. Women could not obtain ordination as a deacon or a priest.
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Values of asceticism encouraged the relinquishing of items of "worldly" value; including, but not limited to, money, property, hygiene, thirst, hunger, and rest. Female ascetics were socially known and referred to as "virgins" due to the intentionality of a chaste body and mind. Varied types of female asceticism existed as women could enter into domestic, monastic, or anchoretic lifestyles.
92:. Monastic communities acted collectively with limited outside relations with lay people. Some ascetics chose to venture into isolated locations to restrict relations with others, deepen spiritual connection, and other ascetic purposes. Other women from that era who influenced the early ascetic or monastic tradition while living outside the desert are also described as Desert Mothers.
382:
315:
Amma
Theodora said that neither asceticism, nor vigils, nor any kind of suffering are able to save. Only true humility can do that. There was a hermit who was able to banish the demons. And he asked them: "What makes you go away? Is it fasting?" They replied: "We do not eat or drink." "Is it vigils?"
99:
are much more well known because most of the early lives of the saints "were written by men for a male monastic audience"—the occasional stories about the Desert
Mothers come from the early Desert Fathers and their biographers. Due to the absence of male leadership mentioned in documental texts, it
257:
Sarah of the Desert's sayings indicate that she was a hermit living by a river for sixty years. Her sharp replies to some of the old men who challenged her show a distinctly strong personality. According to one story, two male anchorites visited her in the desert and decided, "Let's humiliate this
307:
Amma
Syncletica said, "In the beginning there are a great many battles and a good deal of suffering for those who are advancing towards God and afterwards, ineffable joy. It is like those who wish to light a fire; at first they are choked by the smoke and cry, and by this means obtain what they
145:
involved the self-discipline and deprivation of bodily "worldly" desires. Ascetics practiced abstinence and honored virginity, as sexual behavior and lust were "worldly desires." Ascetics also practiced fasting and the deprivation of water and sleep to ensure focus on discipline and chasteness.
349:
My choice of the term "Desert
Mothers" had its origin in a mildly flippant attempt to make up for the unwittingly myopic vision of monastic historians who, it would seem, saw the Egyptian desert as being populated only by men and, hence, the whole history of monasticism as being a male
311:
Amma
Syncletica said, "There are many who live in the mountains and behave as if they were in the town; they are wasting their time. It is possible to be a solitary in one's mind while living in a crowd; and it is possible for those who are solitaries to live in the crowd of their own
237:
According to written accounts, Amma
Syncletica might have been born around AD 270, since she is said to have lived to her eighties in about AD 350, to wealthy parents in Alexandria and was well educated, including an early study of the writings of Desert Father
507:, p. 373: The Desert Mothers were Christian women ascetics who lived in monastic communities or, more rarely, as solitaires during the fourth and fifth centuries A.D., principally in the deserts of Egypt, Palestine, and Syria.
258:
old woman." They said to her, "Be careful not to become conceited thinking to yourself: 'Look how anchorites are coming to see me, a mere woman.'" She replied, "According to nature I am a woman, but not according to my thoughts."
352:. If the male desert monastics are called "patres", why not apply its feminine equivalent "matres" to Sara, Syncetica and their followers, she wrote. Margot Kings says that, as she continued her study, she realized that
249:
of a monastic community of women near
Alexandria. Prior to that, she had fled to the desert disguised as a man and joined a community of monks. She was sought out by many of the Desert Fathers for advice—reportedly
316:
They said: "We do not sleep." "Then what power sends you away?" They replied: "Nothing can overcome us except humility alone." Amma
Theodora said: "Do you see how humility is victorious over the demons?"
304:
Amma Sarah said, "If I prayed God that all people should approve of my conduct, I should find myself a penitent at the door of each one, but I shall rather pray that my heart may be pure toward all."
329:. That Study Paper is based on lectures Margot King had delivered at Madison, Wisconsin in 1980. In 1989, Peregrina Publishing of Toronto, Ontario, Canada published Margot King's book
120:, who mentions 2,975 women living in the desert. Other sources include the various stories told over the years about the lives of saints of that era, traditionally called
100:
is suggested that desert women acted separately, with autonomy from their male counterparts. Many desert women had leadership roles within the
Christian community. The
88:
in the 4th and 5th centuries AD. They typically lived in the monastic communities that began forming during that time, though sometimes they lived as
110:, includes forty-seven sayings that are actually attributed to the Desert Mothers. There are several chapters dedicated to the Desert Mothers in the
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The expression "Desert
Mothers" seems to have first been used in the early 1980s. In 1984, Margot H King circulated a Study Paper
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Melania the Elder, the daughter of a Roman official, became widowed at a young age and moved to Alexandria, and then to the
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190:), due to the respect they earned as spiritual teachers and directors. One of the most well known Desert Mothers was
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In her 1984 Study Paper, Margot King says that she began this study in 1980 and, in the third paragraph, she writes
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821:(1993). "Desert Mothers: Women Ascetics in Early Christian Egypt". In Puttick, Elizabeth; Clarke, Bernard (eds.).
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795:. Colección Támesis, Serie A: Monografías. Vol. 238. Woodbridge, Suffolk, England: Tamesis Books.
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seek ... so we must also kindle the divine fire in ourselves through tears and hard work."
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Female Asceticism and Monasticism in Late Antique Egypt According to Papyrological Sources
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Female Asceticism and Monasticism in Late Antique Egypt According to Papyrological Sources
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Women in Anchoritic and Semi-Anchoritic Monasticism in Egypt: Rethinking the Landscape
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Women in Anchoritic and Semi-Anchoritic Monasticism in Egypt: Rethinking the Landscape
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The Desert Mothers: A Survey of the Feminine Anchoretic Tradition in Western Europe
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The Forgotten Desert Mothers: Sayings, Lives, and Stories of Early Christian Women
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The Desert Mothers: A survey of the Female Anchoretic Tradition in Western Europe
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The Legends of the Holy Harlots: Thaïs and Pelagia in Medieval Spanish Literature
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In the Heart of the Desert: The Spirituality of the Desert Fathers and Mothers
124:("life"). The lives of twelve female desert saints are described in Book I of
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The Desert Mothers: Spiritual Practices from the Women of the Wilderness
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The Way of the Heart: The Spirituality of the Desert Fathers and Mothers
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1008:. Translated by Clarke, W. K. L. London: SPCK. Archived from
848:. Vol. 1. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. pp. 373–375.
231:
39:
964:(9 ed.). 14th Century English Mystics Newsletter. pp. 12–25.
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The Apophthegmata Patrum: Rustic Rumination or Rhetorical Recitation
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The Way of the Heart: Desert Spirituality and Contemporary Ministry
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210:, also had sayings in that book. Desert Mothers described in the
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Women as Teachers and Disciples in Traditional and New Religions
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973:(23 ed.). Collegium Patristicum Lundense. pp. 21–30.
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994:. Catholic University of American Press. pp. 236–249.
992:
Women in Early Christianity: Translations from Greek Texts
825:. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. pp. 11–24.
768:
756:
552:
186:("spiritual mothers"), comparable to the Desert Fathers (
1091:. Vol. 16. Berlin: Akademie Verlag. pp. 63–66.
982:(17 ed.). Journal of Coptic Studies. pp. 1–31.
668:
666:
613:
611:
592:(17 ed.). Journal of Coptic Studies. pp. 1–31.
194:, who had twenty-seven sayings attributed to her in the
716:"Sarah, Theodora & Syncletica: Thde Desert Mothers"
564:
870:(rev. ed.). Bloomington, Indiana: World Wisdom.
663:
608:
510:
962:
The Desert Mothers: From Judith to Julian of Norwich
651:
363:
678:
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340:(Seabury Press of New York) was being re-badged as
234:, and several women whom the author does not name.
1038:
744:
732:
527:
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3258:
289:Episcopal Church in the United States of America
840:Cardman, Francine (2000). "Desert Mothers". In
522:
354:my apparent flippancy had a solid basis in fact
27:Early Christian ascetics, 3rd–5th centuries AD
1112:
1032:(83 ed.). Church History. pp. 1–17.
908:. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press.
548:(83 ed.). Church History. pp. 1–17.
862:
774:
762:
629:
1119:
1105:
1020:– via Internet Medieval Source Book.
1024:
998:
790:
672:
570:
543:
977:
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321:Origin of the neologism 'Desert Mothers'
167:
153:
29:
978:Martinez, Maria Jesus Albarran (2015).
839:
817:
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588:Martinez, Maria Jesus Albarran (2015).
558:
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14:
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929:. Peregrina Publishing. Archived from
903:
657:
1100:
884:
641:
602:
544:Schroeder, Caroline T. (March 2014).
3302:Late Ancient Christian female saints
1077:
1059:
1036:
959:
922:
750:
738:
645:
583:
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1081:(1985). "Apophthegmata Matrum". In
466:Menodora, Metrodora, and Nymphodora
149:
24:
2019:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
1137:Dicastery for the Causes of Saints
1070:
336:By 1991, Henri Nouwen's 1981 book
25:
3318:
1062:The Sayings of the Desert Fathers
576:
182:The Desert Mothers were known as
3239:
3227:
3106:María de las Maravillas de Jesús
2963:Seven Maccabees and their mother
2149:Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War
704:from the original on 2019-02-14.
394:
380:
366:
3287:Christian religious occupations
906:Praying with the Desert Mothers
889:. New York: Church Publishing.
708:
690:
252:Bishop Theophilus of Alexandria
245:Theodora of Alexandria was the
783:
698:"Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018"
537:
498:
13:
1:
3071:Faustina and Liberata of Como
2259:Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia
2204:Teresa Benedicta of the Cross
1128:Saints of the Catholic Church
791:Beresford, Andrew M. (2007).
487:
436:Eastern Christian monasticism
196:Sayings of the Desert Fathers
192:Amma Syncletica of Alexandria
108:Sayings of the Desert Fathers
42:with their spiritual advisor
492:
7:
1045:. New York: Paulist Press.
969:Larsen, Lillian I. (2008).
960:King, Margot (March 1983).
846:Encyclopedia of Monasticism
359:
10:
3323:
3234:Catholic Church portal
2194:Saints of the Cristero War
1064:. Cistercian Publications.
298:
3222:
3159:
2991:
2833:
2405:
2335:
2267:
2229:Three Martyrs of Chimbote
1999:Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala
1964:
1729:
1696:
1498:
1440:
1327:
1295:
1212:
1174:Mother of God (Theotokos)
1164:
1134:
254:came to her for counsel.
2375:Joseph (father of Jesus)
1761:Athanasius of Alexandria
1543:Athanasius of Alexandria
1427:Theophanes the Confessor
1407:Paul I of Constantinople
1402:Paphnutius the Confessor
1347:Athanasius the Confessor
1060:Ward, Benedicta (1975).
208:Amma Sarah of the Desert
173:Syncletica of Alexandria
76:living in the desert of
2307:Gregory the Illuminator
2277:Augustine of Canterbury
1826:Dionysius of Alexandria
1741:Alexander of Alexandria
1083:Livingstone, E. A.
885:Earle, Mary C. (2007).
416:Catherine of Alexandria
1746:Alexander of Jerusalem
1352:Chariton the Confessor
1314:in the Catholic Church
1026:Schroeder, Caroline T.
204:Theodora of Alexandria
179:
177:Menologion of Basil II
165:
163:Menologion of Basil II
50:
3292:Christian terminology
3277:Christian monasticism
3177:Fourteen Holy Helpers
3141:Trasilla and Emiliana
2292:Evermode of Ratzeburg
2174:Perpetua and Felicity
2144:Martyrs of Sandomierz
2014:Dismas the Good Thief
1941:Theophilus of Antioch
1911:Maximus the Confessor
1846:Epiphanius of Salamis
1786:Clement of Alexandria
1500:Doctors of the Church
1392:Maximus the Confessor
1179:Immaculate Conception
923:King, Margot (n.d.).
904:Forman, Mary (2005).
421:Christian monasticism
171:
157:
48:Francisco de Zurbarán
33:
3081:Hiltrude of Liessies
3026:Catherine of Bologna
3021:Bernadette Soubirous
2214:17 Thomasian Martyrs
2024:Four Crowned Martyrs
1946:Victorinus of Pettau
1926:Papias of Hierapolis
1896:Jerome of Stridonium
1861:Gregory of Nazianzus
1831:Dionysius of Corinth
1653:Lawrence of Brindisi
1608:Bernard of Clairvaux
1583:Anselm of Canterbury
1538:Gregory of Nazianzus
1465:Priscilla and Aquila
1362:Edward the Confessor
1037:Swan, Laura (2001).
1000:Palladius of Galatia
988:Miller, Patricia Cox
951:: CS1 maint: year (
842:Johnston, William M.
481:Theoktiste of Lesbos
143:Christian asceticism
138:Christian asceticism
132:Lives of the Fathers
103:Apophthegmata Patrum
3131:Teresa of the Andes
3011:Angela of the Cross
2973:Zechariah (prophet)
2119:Martyrs of La Rioja
2114:21 Martyrs of Libya
2004:Christina of Persia
1984:Charles de Foucauld
1921:Quadratus of Athens
1881:Ignatius of Antioch
1851:Fulgentius of Ruspe
1801:Cyril of Alexandria
1796:Cyprian of Carthage
1781:Cappadocian Fathers
1678:Hildegard of Bingen
1548:Cyril of Alexandria
1422:Sergius of Radonezh
1184:Perpetual virginity
1005:The Lausiac History
561:, pp. 373–374.
456:Margaret the Virgin
451:Macrina the Younger
402:Christianity portal
285:liturgical calendar
275:Desert Mothers are
220:Melania the Younger
159:Melania the Younger
3172:Four Holy Marshals
3167:Calendar of saints
3136:Teresa of Calcutta
3116:Patricia of Naples
3041:Catherine of Siena
2322:Patrick of Ireland
2244:Vietnamese Martyrs
2134:Martyrs of Otranto
2089:Martyrs of Cajonos
2084:Martyrs of Algeria
2079:Martyrs of Albania
2039:The Holy Innocents
2009:Devasahayam Pillai
1994:Carthusian Martyrs
1936:Polycarp of Smyrna
1891:Isidore of Seville
1876:Hippolytus of Rome
1871:Hilary of Poitiers
1806:Cyril of Jerusalem
1771:Caesarius of Arles
1766:Augustine of Hippo
1668:Thérèse of Lisieux
1663:Catherine of Siena
1613:Hilary of Poitiers
1588:Isidore of Seville
1563:Bede the Venerable
1553:Cyril of Jerusalem
1518:Augustine of Hippo
1432:Pio of Pietrelcina
1397:Michael of Synnada
331:The Desert Mothers
180:
166:
74:Christian ascetics
51:
3254:
3253:
3246:Saints portal
3197:Miles Christianus
3182:Martyr of charity
3151:Josephine Bakhita
3146:Ubaldesca Taccini
3091:Kateri Tekakwitha
3066:Faustina Kowalska
3056:Eulalia of Mérida
3036:Catherine Labouré
3031:Brigid of Kildare
2858:Baruch ben Neriah
2302:François de Laval
2287:Damien of Molokai
2254:Victor and Corona
2249:Valentine of Rome
2139:Martyrs of Prague
2104:Martyrs of Gorkum
2064:Martyrs of Lübeck
1951:Vincent of Lérins
1931:Peter Chrysologus
1886:Irenaeus of Lyons
1856:Gregory the Great
1841:Ephrem the Syrian
1638:Robert Bellarmine
1633:John of the Cross
1618:Alphonsus Liguori
1593:Peter Chrysologus
1568:Ephrem the Syrian
1533:Basil of Caesarea
1508:Gregory the Great
1490:Seventy disciples
1382:Lazarus Zographos
1367:Francis of Assisi
1237:James of Alphaeus
1194:Marian apparition
1088:Studia Patristica
1052:978-0-8091-4016-9
1012:on 14 August 2014
933:on 14 August 2014
915:978-0-8146-1522-5
896:978-0-8192-2156-8
877:978-1-933316-56-7
864:Chryssavgis, John
855:978-1-57958-090-2
832:978-0-7734-9346-9
802:978-1-85566-144-8
632:, pp. 29–32.
446:Macrina the Elder
240:Evagrius Ponticus
230:and her daughter
216:Melania the Elder
64:as an analogy to
62:feminist theology
38:and her daughter
16:(Redirected from
3314:
3297:Egyptian hermits
3282:Christian orders
3244:
3243:
3242:
3232:
3231:
3111:Narcisa de Jesús
3096:Lucy of Syracuse
3001:Agatha of Sicily
2913:John the Baptist
2159:Maximilian Kolbe
2154:Martyrs of Zenta
2129:Martyrs of Natal
2109:Martyrs of Japan
2099:Martyrs of China
2094:Martyrs of Drina
2029:Gerard of Csanád
1989:Canadian Martyrs
1974:Abda and Abdisho
1916:Melito of Sardis
1906:John of Damascus
1866:Gregory of Nyssa
1751:Ambrose of Milan
1683:Gregory of Narek
1648:Anthony of Padua
1623:Francis de Sales
1558:John of Damascus
1204:Joseph (husband)
1156: →
1152: →
1148: →
1121:
1114:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1065:
1056:
1044:
1033:
1021:
1019:
1017:
995:
983:
974:
965:
956:
950:
942:
940:
938:
919:
900:
881:
859:
836:
814:
778:
775:Chryssavgis 2008
772:
766:
763:Chryssavgis 2008
760:
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
729:
727:
726:
712:
706:
705:
694:
688:
682:
676:
670:
661:
655:
649:
639:
633:
630:Chryssavgis 2008
627:
621:
615:
606:
600:
594:
593:
585:
574:
568:
562:
556:
550:
549:
541:
535:
529:
520:
514:
508:
502:
441:John Chryssavgis
431:Domnina of Syria
404:
399:
398:
390:
388:Biography portal
385:
384:
383:
376:
371:
370:
369:
150:Notable examples
21:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3307:Anglican saints
3257:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3226:
3218:
3209:Seven Champions
3202:Church Militant
3192:Athleta Christi
3187:Military saints
3155:
3051:Clare of Assisi
2987:
2923:Judas Barsabbas
2829:
2401:
2331:
2317:Nino of Georgia
2263:
2169:Pedro Calungsod
2124:Martyrs of Laos
2069:Luigi Versiglia
1960:
1901:John Chrysostom
1791:Clement of Rome
1732:
1725:
1692:
1658:Teresa of Ávila
1643:Albertus Magnus
1528:John Chrysostom
1494:
1455:Mary of Bethany
1436:
1342:Anthony of Kiev
1323:
1291:
1242:James the Great
1208:
1160:
1139:
1130:
1125:
1095:
1079:Ward, Benedicta
1073:
1071:Further reading
1068:
1053:
1015:
1013:
944:
943:
936:
934:
916:
897:
878:
856:
833:
819:Cameron, Averil
803:
786:
781:
773:
769:
761:
757:
749:
745:
737:
733:
724:
722:
714:
713:
709:
696:
695:
691:
683:
679:
671:
664:
656:
652:
640:
636:
628:
624:
616:
609:
605:, pp. 1–2.
601:
597:
586:
577:
569:
565:
557:
553:
542:
538:
530:
523:
515:
511:
503:
499:
495:
490:
485:
400:
393:
386:
381:
379:
372:
367:
365:
362:
344:(Bravo Press).
323:
301:
212:Lausiac History
152:
140:
113:Lausiac History
34:Desert Mothers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3320:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3267:Christian nuns
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3236:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3214:Virtuous pagan
3211:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2978:Zechariah (NT)
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2312:Junípero Serra
2309:
2304:
2299:
2297:Francis Xavier
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2239:Uganda Martyrs
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2209:Titus Brandsma
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2184:Pietro Parenzo
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2054:Korean Martyrs
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1979:Boris and Gleb
1976:
1970:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1821:Desert Mothers
1818:
1816:Desert Fathers
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1628:Peter Canisius
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1573:Thomas Aquinas
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1460:Mary Magdalene
1457:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1387:Louis Bertrand
1384:
1379:
1374:
1372:Francis Borgia
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1199:Titles of Mary
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1146:Servant of God
1135:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1101:
1094:
1093:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1057:
1051:
1034:
1028:(March 2014).
1022:
996:
984:
975:
966:
957:
920:
914:
901:
895:
882:
876:
860:
854:
837:
831:
815:
801:
787:
785:
782:
780:
779:
767:
755:
743:
731:
707:
689:
677:
673:Palladius 1918
662:
650:
648:, p. 104.
644:, p. 41;
634:
622:
620:, p. 374.
607:
595:
575:
571:Beresford 2007
563:
551:
536:
521:
519:, p. 373.
509:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
407:
406:
405:
391:
377:
361:
358:
322:
319:
318:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
297:
270:Averil Cameron
263:Nitrian Desert
151:
148:
139:
136:
97:Desert Fathers
66:Desert Fathers
54:Desert Mothers
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3319:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:Maria Goretti
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3006:Agnes of Rome
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2219:Thomas Becket
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2044:Irish Martyrs
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1673:John of Ávila
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:Leo the Great
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
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798:
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777:, p. 73.
776:
771:
765:, p. 30.
764:
759:
753:, p. 39.
752:
747:
741:, p. 43.
740:
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721:
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703:
699:
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686:
681:
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669:
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660:, p. 32.
659:
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599:
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584:
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573:, p. 10.
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555:
547:
540:
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528:
526:
518:
513:
506:
501:
497:
482:
479:
477:
476:Saint Pelagia
474:
472:
471:Paula of Rome
469:
467:
464:
462:
461:Mary of Egypt
459:
457:
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374:Saints portal
364:
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328:
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296:
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268:According to
266:
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49:
46:—painting by
45:
41:
37:
32:
19:
18:Desert Mother
3126:Rose of Lima
2620:John Paul II
2450:Anastasius I
2420:Adeodatus II
2394:
2269:Missionaries
2179:Peter Chanel
2164:Óscar Romero
2059:Lorenzo Ruiz
2034:Great Martyr
1820:
1603:Peter Damian
1412:Peter Claver
1142:canonization
1086:
1061:
1040:
1029:
1014:. Retrieved
1010:the original
1004:
991:
979:
970:
961:
935:. Retrieved
931:the original
925:
905:
886:
867:
845:
822:
792:
770:
758:
746:
734:
723:. Retrieved
720:satucket.com
719:
710:
692:
685:Cameron 1993
680:
653:
637:
625:
618:Cardman 2000
598:
589:
566:
559:Cardman 2000
554:
545:
539:
517:Cardman 2000
512:
505:Cardman 2000
500:
353:
348:
346:
341:
337:
335:
330:
326:
324:
281:Lesser Feast
274:
267:
260:
256:
246:
244:
236:
211:
199:
198:. Two other
195:
187:
183:
181:
141:
131:
127:Vitae Patrum
125:
121:
111:
107:
101:
94:
69:
60:, coined in
53:
52:
44:Saint Jerome
3086:Joan of Arc
3016:Æthelthryth
2933:Melchizedek
2795:Telesphorus
2785:Sylvester I
2670:Marcellus I
2665:Marcellinus
2585:Gregory VII
2580:Gregory III
2495:Celestine V
2490:Celestine I
2485:Callixtus I
2475:Boniface IV
2465:Benedict II
2440:Alexander I
2415:Adeodatus I
2234:Ulma Family
2224:Thomas More
2074:Martyrology
2049:John Fisher
1698:Evangelists
1578:Bonaventure
1232:Bartholomew
1166:Virgin Mary
784:Works cited
658:Forman 2005
228:Saint Paula
161:, from the
72:or female
36:Saint Paula
3272:Asceticism
3261:Categories
2820:Zephyrinus
2780:Stephen IV
2765:Sixtus III
2745:Simplicius
2690:Nicholas I
2615:John XXIII
2605:Innocent I
2575:Gregory II
2565:Gelasius I
2470:Boniface I
2430:Agapetus I
2425:Adrian III
2396:Matriarchs
2337:Patriarchs
1956:Zephyrinus
1329:Confessors
1297:Archangels
1189:Assumption
1140:Stages of
725:2021-04-13
642:Earle 2007
603:Earle 2007
488:References
350:phenomenon
312:thoughts."
232:Eustochium
68:, for the
40:Eustochium
3076:Genevieve
2983:Zephaniah
2790:Symmachus
2775:Stephen I
2760:Sixtus II
2740:Silverius
2735:Sergius I
2695:Paschal I
2685:Miltiades
2595:Hormisdas
2570:Gregory I
2555:Felix III
2540:Evaristus
2535:Eutychian
2520:Eleuterus
2515:Dionysius
2510:Damasus I
2505:Cornelius
2500:Clement I
2445:Anacletus
2189:Philomena
1836:Dionysius
1811:Damasus I
1756:Anatolius
1442:Disciples
1377:Homobonus
1337:Anatolius
1150:Venerable
947:cite book
811:0587-9914
751:Swan 2001
739:Swan 2001
646:Swan 2001
493:Citations
411:Blaesilla
293:January 5
175:from the
118:Palladius
82:Palestine
58:neologism
3160:See also
3061:Euphemia
2898:Jeremiah
2878:Habakkuk
2835:Prophets
2810:Vitalian
2805:Victor I
2755:Sixtus I
2750:Siricius
2680:Martin I
2660:Lucius I
2625:Julius I
2590:Hilarius
2560:Felix IV
2530:Eusebius
2525:Eugene I
2455:Anicetus
2327:Remigius
2282:Boniface
1688:Irenaeus
1470:Silvanus
1417:Salonius
1262:Matthias
1227:Barnabas
1214:Apostles
1002:(1918).
990:(2005).
866:(2008).
702:Archived
532:King n.d
360:See also
224:Olympias
214:include
3121:Rosalia
3046:Cecilia
2993:Virgins
2953:Obadiah
2928:Malachi
2873:Ezekiel
2825:Zosimus
2815:Zachary
2800:Urban I
2730:Pontian
2705:Paul VI
2640:Leo III
2600:Hyginus
2550:Felix I
2460:Anterus
2390:Solomon
2355:Abraham
2199:Stephen
1966:Martyrs
1733:Fathers
1706:Matthew
1513:Ambrose
1480:Timothy
1475:Stephen
1450:Apollos
1357:Dominic
1319:Raphael
1312:
1310:Michael
1305:Gabriel
1257:Matthew
1154:Blessed
1085:(ed.).
1016:25 June
937:25 June
844:(ed.).
426:Demiana
299:Sayings
287:of the
283:on the
279:with a
277:honored
90:hermits
2968:Simeon
2958:Samuel
2893:Isaiah
2883:Haggai
2868:Elijah
2843:Agabus
2725:Pius X
2720:Pius V
2715:Pius I
2700:Paul I
2650:Leo IX
2645:Leo IV
2635:Leo II
2610:John I
2545:Fabian
2435:Agatho
2370:Joseph
1731:Church
1523:Jerome
1287:Thomas
1277:Philip
1222:Andrew
1049:
912:
893:
874:
852:
829:
809:
799:
84:, and
2948:Nahum
2943:Moses
2938:Micah
2918:Jonah
2888:Hosea
2863:David
2770:Soter
2710:Peter
2655:Linus
2630:Leo I
2480:Caius
2407:Popes
2380:David
2365:Jacob
2360:Isaac
1776:Caius
1485:Titus
1282:Simon
1272:Peter
1158:Saint
200:ammas
188:abbas
184:ammas
122:vitae
106:, or
86:Syria
78:Egypt
70:ammas
56:is a
2908:Joel
2853:Anna
2848:Amos
2675:Mark
2385:Noah
2350:Abel
2345:Adam
1721:John
1716:Luke
1711:Mark
1267:Paul
1252:Jude
1247:John
1047:ISBN
1018:2018
953:link
939:2018
910:ISBN
891:ISBN
872:ISBN
850:ISBN
827:ISBN
807:ISSN
797:ISBN
247:amma
206:and
95:The
2903:Job
291:on
134:).
116:by
3263::
1144::
949:}}
945:{{
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718:.
700:.
665:^
610:^
578:^
524:^
356:.
333:.
295:.
226:,
222:,
218:,
202:,
80:,
1120:e
1113:t
1106:v
1055:.
955:)
941:.
918:.
899:.
880:.
858:.
835:.
813:.
728:.
687:.
675:.
534:.
130:(
20:)
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