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227:"It was settled that the young couple, scarcely more than children, should reside with Publicola in his palace on the Coelian Hill. This was the cause of much suffering to Melania. Her fervour daily increased, and with it her horror of a life of luxury and sensual ease. Living constantly under her father's watchful eye, she was obliged to comply with his wishes, and to sustain the honour of the family by conforming to all the usages of Roman society. She had to dress with all the splendour befitting a matron of exalted rank, and to make her appearance in public surrounded with much state. All this was so repugnant to the young wife that it caused her real torture. She sought by the most ingenious devices to find an outlet for her spirit of penance and expiation."
44:
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was essential for spiritual growth and closeness to God. Her dislike of rich apparel had caused her suffering during her father's life, yet now led her to give away her silken robes as church altarcloths, including her gold ornaments, and everything that was rich and costly in her wardrobe. She demonstrated no desire of worldly possessions by wearing a garment of cheap, coarse wool, and fashioned rather to hide and disfigure her womanly form. She took a great number of poor families and slaves with her to her villa, whom she treated as brothers and sisters. Such actions were the result of asceticism.
255:, consisted of fifteen eunuchs, sixty young girls who were vowed to virginity, other free-born women, slaves, and more than thirty families who had followed Pinianus in his new mode of life. In addition to these regular guests, Melania's country house afforded hospitality to the pilgrims to Rome.Within existed numerous deputations of bishops and priests, who received every mark of honour and respect in the end of 404 and the beginning of 405, to plead the cause of
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choice of asceticism. This was especially difficult due to Roman societal standards and the familial patrimony present in
Melania and Piniasus's life. Knowing that Melania wanted to practice a celibate lifestyle, her father, near death, asked for forgiveness for pushing the unwanted marriage years prior. Once her father passed, She and her husband embraced Christian asceticism and maintained a
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was regarded as a safe haven by many Roman families who had already emigrated to
Carthage. Having sold many of her possessions in Italy and Sicily and after the death of Rufinus in 410, they decided to travel to Africa. Before true departure, they attempted to visit Paulinus of Nola, but according to
231:
Melania often pleaded for
Pinianus to conform to asceticism so she could maintain her purity for the lord, but Pinianus desired to rather continue the family line. Melania's husband wanted two children, yet they both did not survive. These deaths took a toll on the married couple and encouraged the
279:
The sale of such enormous estates inevitably took several years to complete as even the smallest of
Melania's properties yielded an income of abundant amount. Part of their estates remained unsold at the end of 408 due to the invasion of the Goths and siege of Rome. Their opponents contrived to take
375:
was the famous bishop there with whom they became friends and had close relations with
Paulinus and Augustine. Alypus had helped establish Augustine's first monastery in Africa. The church in Tagaste had been very poor but Melania furnished it with gold and silver cups, and with altar-cloths richly
239:
Melania decided to leave the palace for one of her villas in Spring 404. She was encouraged by her grandmother, Melania the Elder, who had also travelled from
Jerusalem and held strong ascetic beliefs. Ascetics, and early Christian leaders believed that denying oneself worldly pleasures and desires
398:
In the so-called Pinain affair, Melania's mother Albina wrote to
Augustine asking him to visit them, but he would not leave his church. As a result, Albina, Alypus, Melania and Pinianus travelled to him in Hippo. Once there, the frenzied congregation demanded that Pinianus be ordained as priest of
466:"On one side lay the sea and on the other some woodland containing a variety of animals and game, so that when she was bathing in the pool she could see ships passing by and game animals in the woods... the property included sixty large houses, each of them with four hundred agricultural slaves."
287:
Not even the wealthiest Roman patricians had enough cash to buy
Melania's properties. The eventual purchasers were unable to pay the full price at once, so the owners were obliged to accept promissory notes. Melania's palace on the Caelian Hill, which she was the most anxious to dispose of, was
266:
She decided to dispose of her vast estates and give the proceeds to ecclesiastical institutions and to the poor. This caused surprise and contempt amongst the Roman aristocracy who regarded the couple as lunatics. Some of their relatives considered that they now had an opportunity to enrich
284:, and the bill of confiscation had already been drafted. However, on the day when it was to be proclaimed by the prefect, the people rose in rebellion due to the shortage of bread. They seized Pompeianus, dragged him through the streets, and put him to death in the centre of the city.
263:. She dispensed lavish hospitality and spared no expense in the entertainment of her guests. Palladius speaks thankfully of the respectful welcome with which he was given during his sojourn, and of the large sum of money presented to him on his departure in February 406.
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family of ancient lineage which was the pride of Rome. Her paternal and maternal relatives had held the highest offices of state with great distinction during the whole of the century, and
Melania could even boast of a long line of imperial blood, most recently through
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magnificent and contained an accumulation of riches so great that it was impossible to find a purchaser. It remained unsold, and in 410, after being pillaged by Alaric's barbarian hordes and partly destroyed by fire, it was given away for nothing.
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in present
Algeria. The estate was of such extent and importance as to include two episcopal sees, one belonging to the Catholic Church, the other to the Donatists. Some of the rooms of the villa were "filled with gold".
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led him to order every province that their possessions should be sold at the responsibility of the governors and public administrators, and that they be responsible for the remittance of the price to the couple.
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embroidered in gold and thickly sewn with pearls. She endowed this church with extensive property including a large part of the town itself. On the advice of the principal bishops Augustine, Alypius, and
351:) that had been ravaged by pirates who held inhabitants for ransom. Melania ransomed the islanders with her own money. Finally, they continued directly to Africa, where they befriended the great
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advantage of the critical state of affairs, with the secret co-operation of the senate, by confiscating the remaining estates to the Treasury. They were supported in their plot by the prefect,
251:
The villa of the Valerii was supposedly of enormous size, as it was large enough to lodge the immense number of people whom Melania took with her from Rome. This, as we gather from bishop
402:
She practiced severe penance and wore haircloth, and at night she snatched brief rest on the hard ground as her bed. Her diet consisted of herbs or vegetables prepared with a little oil.
442:
Melania had "vast domains in Sicily" and also held land in Britain which she disposed of only a year or two before the Roman legions were withdrawn. She also owned grand estates in
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life thereafter. As the sole heiress to her father and paternal grandfather, she inherited their wealth and enormous estates on the death of Publicola after 7 years of marriage.
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Meanwhile Melania was occupied in disposing of her remaining property, the proceeds of which she distributed in alms and other donations. After the taking of Rome by
1743:
Wills, G (1999). "Augustine's Hippo: Power Relations (410-417)". Arion: A Journal of Humanities and the Classics. 7 (1): 99. ISSN 0095-5809. JSTOR 20163743.
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380:, she was also generous to the other churches and monasteries in Africa She assigned a regular income to make them independent of precarious alms-giving.
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324:) for two years. They resided in the magnificent villa (probably Pistunina) that they owned on the western shore of the straits, opposite
1709:
Studia Ceranea. Journal of the Waldemar Ceran Research Centre for the History and Culture of the Mediterranean Area and South-East Europe
1705:"Ireneusz Milewski (Gdańsk), A Few Remarks on the Ransom Paid for Releasing Captives in Selected Early Byzantine Hagiographic Texts"
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Christian women in the patristic world : their influence, authority, and legacy in the second through fifth centuries
335:, the invaders marched upon Southern Italy, and destroyed Reggio. Melania witnessed the fires from across the straits.
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themselves extravagantly by taking advantage of the simplicity and inexperience of the couple. Melania's appeal to
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Hippo and forced him to swear that he would remain there. Augustine threatened that he would leave as bishop.
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1793:. The Agrarian History of England and Wales. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 23.17.
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for the consecrated virgins who were once her slaves, yet treated as her sisters. Melania became
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1897:, Rosemary Ruether and Eleanor McLaughlin, eds., New York, Simon and Schuster, 1979.
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1967:
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Rampolla del Tindaro, Mariano; Leahy, Ellen Mary Agnes; Thurston, Herbert (1908).
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Rampolla del Tindaro, Mariano; Leahy, Ellen Mary Agnes; Thurston, Herbert (1908).
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Melania was the only child of the rich and powerful Valerius Publicola (son of
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Further, there is an account of her life by Palladius (d. A.D. 431) as well.
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Women of Spirit: Female Leadership in the Jewish and Christian Traditions
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1893:, "Mothers of the Church: Ascetic Women in the Late Patristic Age," in
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of Jerusalem, a storm forced the ship to an unnamed island (probably
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83:
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Palladius, The Lausiac History (1918), Chapter LIV The Elder Melania
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Sacred fictions : holy women and hagiography in late antiquity
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An account of Melania's pursuit of the ascetic life survives in a
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for men, and a church, where she spent the remainder of her life.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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and devoted themselves to a life of piety and charitable works.
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219:, at the age of fourteen despite her protests. The 5th-century
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The Feast of Melania the Younger is held on 31 December (the
142:
30:
366:, they chose to live in relative calm at their estate, near
1690:"Gerontius-Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online"
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Fear of the invaders drove Melania to seek a safer refuge.
305:
124:
64:
1611:
1495:
Melania: Early Christianity through the Life of One Family
1445:
Women in Early Christianity: Translations from Greek Texts
1428:. University of Chicago. London : Burns & Oates.
462:. Gerontius describes her estate in Sicily as follows:
430:. After the death of Pinianus c. 420, Melania built a
300:
An image of Melania the Younger by an unknown artist
247:
Saint Melania the Younger, Sacra Eremus Ascetriarum
1523:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1914:
1666:. Vol. 4. P.J. Kenedy & Sons. p.
328:, surrounded beautifully by both sea and land.
1498:(1 ed.). University of California Press.
1362:Valerius Maximus Basilius was a descendant of
1786:
1629:"The life of St. Melania [microform]"
1487:
149:, and ascetic who lived during the reign of
1425:The life of St. Melania [microform]
491:or biography, written by Gerontius c. 452.
1591:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
383:They stayed for seven years and founded a
312:, an old friend of the family, to live a
175:'s 31 December falls on 13 January on the
1752:
1728:
1702:
1448:. Catholic University of America Press.
295:
242:
215:She was married to her paternal cousin,
118:
1703:Milewski, Ireneusz (30 December 2017).
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1787:Piggott, Stuart; Thirsk, Joan (2011).
1659:
1563:. Amy Brown Hughes. Grand Rapids, MI.
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223:("Life of Melania the Younger") says:
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1963:Late Ancient Christian female saints
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1411:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1344:Rufius Antonius Agrypnius Volusianus
291:
13:
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479:in Canada is named in her honour.
308:in 408 with her mother Albina and
14:
1979:
1901:
1631:. London : Burns & Oates
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1002:Gaius Caeionius Rufius Volusianus
426:, where Melania founded a second
1641:
1405:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1394:
561:Lucius Valerius Maximus Basilius
535:Lucius Valerius Maximus Basilius
506:Ancestors of Melania the Younger
418:. In Palestine, they lived in a
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1885:The Life of Melania the Younger
1780:
1762:The Agricultural History Review
1746:
1737:
1696:
1682:
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395:of which Pinianus took charge.
1856:Lives of Roman Christian Women
1853:White, Carolinne, ed. (2010).
1755:"Agriculture in Roman Britain"
1653:
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1432:
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1056:Gaius Caeionius Rufius Albinus
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358:Rather than in a city such as
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1943:5th-century Christian saints
1938:4th-century Christian saints
1663:Butler's lives of the saints
1372:Claudia Marcella the Younger
1366:, through her granddaughter
405:
138:383 – 31 December 439) is a
81:31 December 439 (aged 55-56)
7:
1933:5th-century Byzantine women
1837:Life of Melania the Younger
1821:Life of Melania the Younger
1403:"St. Melania (the Younger)"
1327:
497:
16:Christian saint and ascetic
10:
1984:
1908:Orthodox Church in America
1846:
1753:Applebaum, Shimon (1958).
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410:In 417, they travelled to
304:Melania and Pinianus left
200:, both Christians, of the
18:
1859:. Penguin Books Limited.
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1721:10.18778/2084-140X.07.10
1557:Cohick, Lynn H. (2017).
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19:Not to be confused with
1958:5th-century Roman women
1948:4th-century Roman women
1517:Coon, Lynda L. (1997).
187:
182:
1660:Butler, Alban (1962).
1401:Schlitz, Carl (1913).
938:1. Melania the Younger
468:
301:
248:
229:
221:Melaniae Junioris Vita
128:
127:of Melania the Younger
51:Menologion of Basil II
1790:Prehistory to AD 1042
1408:Catholic Encyclopedia
721:2. Valerius Publicola
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391:, and also founded a
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94:Roman Catholic Church
1504:10.1525/j.ctt1ggjhp4
1440:Miller, Patricia Cox
378:Aurelius of Carthage
1454:10.2307/j.ctt3fgq5h
1364:Octavia the Younger
977:24. Caeionius Varus
475:Today, the town of
310:Rufinus of Aquileia
132:Melania the Younger
48:Miniature from the
36:Melania the Younger
21:Macrina the Younger
1953:4th-century Romans
1881:Elizabeth A. Clark
1163:3. Caeionia Albina
353:Augustine of Hippo
302:
249:
177:Gregorian calendar
129:
1887:. New York, 1984.
1866:978-0-14-194337-4
1800:978-1-107-40114-3
1768:(2): 82, note 2.
1570:978-0-8010-3955-3
1530:978-0-8122-0167-3
1463:978-0-8132-1417-7
1368:Valeria Messallia
1334:Evagrius Ponticus
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832:Melania the Elder
292:Sicily and Africa
217:Valerius Pinianus
194:Melania the Elder
166:Melania the Elder
164:granddaughter of
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1633:. Retrieved
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271:and Emperor
265:
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205:Valeria gens
191:
170:
158:Theodosius I
131:
130:
49:
1923:380s births
1730:11089/24646
1715:: 151–159.
1472:j.ctt3fgq5h
1272:7. Lampadia
489:hagiography
483:Hagiography
113:31 December
1928:439 deaths
1917:Categories
1833:White 2010
1817:White 2010
1635:7 November
1382:References
456:Mauretania
438:Properties
416:Alexandria
414:by way of
316:life near
282:Pompeianus
202:senatorial
1587:cite book
1579:961154751
1539:759158244
422:near the
420:hermitage
412:Palestine
406:Palestine
345:Gerontius
253:Palladius
156:, son of
140:Christian
84:Jerusalem
77:439-12-31
1774:40262739
1676:18475812
1492:(2017).
1442:(2005).
1328:See also
498:Ancestry
432:cloister
393:cloister
360:Carthage
333:Alaric I
314:monastic
273:Honorius
234:celibate
162:paternal
154:Honorius
1968:Valerii
1847:Sources
452:Numidia
428:convent
385:convent
373:Alypius
368:Tagaste
318:Messina
151:Emperor
1863:
1797:
1772:
1674:
1577:
1567:
1537:
1527:
1502:
1470:
1460:
1399:
1339:Jerome
471:Legacy
448:Africa
444:Iberia
349:Lipari
340:Africa
322:Sicily
62:c. 383
1770:JSTOR
1758:(PDF)
1500:JSTOR
1468:JSTOR
1350:Notes
460:Italy
364:Hippo
259:with
143:saint
109:Feast
31:Saint
1861:ISBN
1795:ISBN
1672:OCLC
1637:2022
1593:link
1575:OCLC
1565:ISBN
1535:OCLC
1525:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1000:12.
533:16.
458:and
306:Rome
188:Rome
183:Life
125:icon
71:Died
65:Rome
59:Born
1725:hdl
1717:doi
1668:647
1450:doi
1054:6.
830:5.
613:4.
559:8.
362:or
179:).
123:An
1919::
1883:,
1839:".
1823:".
1809:^
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1589:}}
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1452::
320:(
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75:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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