853:
838:
31:
522:
499:
1036:, drug potency and fresh gas flow rates must be considered for meaningful comparisons between anesthetic gases. When a steady state hourly amount of anesthetic necessary for 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) at 2 liters per minute (LPM) for Sevoflurane, and 1 LPM for Desflurane and Isoflurane is weighted by the GWP, the clinically relevant quantities of each anesthetic can then be compared. On a per-MAC-hour basis, the total life cycle GHG impact of desflurane is more than 20 times higher than Isoflurane and Sevoflurane (1
40:
6489:
995:
reduces the ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Like sevoflurane, desflurane vasodilatory properties also cause it to increase intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow. However, it reduces cerebral metabolic rate. It also promotes muscle relaxation and potentiate neuromuscular blockade at a greater level than sevoflurane.
1048:
in their calculations, and reported an erroneous average of 17 kg CO2e per anesthetic. However, institutions that utilize some
Desflurane and account for nitrous oxide have reported an average of 175–220 kg CO2e per anesthetic. Sulbaek-Anderson's group therefore likely underestimated the
1044:. This estimate is commonly cited as a reason to neglect pollution prevention by anesthesiologists. However, this is problematic. This estimate is extrapolated from only one U.S. institution's anesthetic practices, and this institution uses virtually no Desflurane. Researchers neglected to include
994:
Desflurane induces a dose dependent reduction in blood pressure due to reduced systemic vascular resistance. However, rapid increases in desflurane may induce a transient sympathetic response secondary to catecholamine release. Even though it is highly pungent, it is still a bronchodilator. It
1003:
It is contraindicated for induction of general anesthesia in the non-intubated pediatric population due to the high risk of laryngospasm. It should not be used in patients with known or suspected susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. It is also contraindicated in patients with elevated
742:
unit that heats liquid desflurane to a constant temperature. This enables the agent to be available at a constant vapor pressure, negating the effects fluctuating ambient temperatures would otherwise have on its concentration imparted into the fresh gas flow of the anesthesia machine.
3208:
4812:
3027:
4800:
3654:
3032:
3604:
2519:
725:
Some drawbacks of desflurane are its low potency, its pungency and its high cost (though at low flow fresh gas rates, the cost difference between desflurane and isoflurane appears to be insignificant). It may cause
3765:
2544:
3757:
3684:
3659:
4659:
5052:
1711:
Evaluation of the depth of sedation and recovery times of newly operated patients with neurophysiological monitoring as part of the study: desflurane versus propofol for sedation of ventilated patients.
730:
and airway irritability when administered at concentrations greater than 10% by volume. Due to this airway irritability, desflurane is infrequently used to induce anesthesia via inhalation techniques.
3077:
1706:
Evaluation der
Sedierungstiefe und der Aufwachzeiten frisch operierter Patienten mit neurophysiologischem Monitoring im Rahmen der Studie: Desfluran versus Propofol zur Sedierung beatmeter Patienten
3727:
1612:
3664:
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4808:
4796:
4654:
3669:
5381:
3072:
3067:
1704:
3062:
3057:
3674:
3649:
1737:
Tolerability, side effects and hemodynamics of inhaled sedation with desflurane in the context of the study: desflurane versus propofol for sedation of mechanically ventilated patients.
201:
3451:
4804:
3466:
3732:
3599:
2514:
2484:
4974:
6024:
1732:
Verträglichkeit, Nebenwirkungen und Hämodynamik der inhalativen
Sedierung mit Desfluran im Rahmen der Studie: Desfluran versus Propofol zur Sedierung beatmeter Patienten
4252:
6460:
3679:
5374:
3712:
1081:
1104:
1076:[Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese).
6524:
5584:
4884:
4768:
4694:
6455:
4758:
4189:
4081:
3752:
3697:
2349:
156:
1730:
5367:
5188:
4792:
4763:
4649:
4644:
2962:
5729:
4783:
3546:
2268:
1756:
Patel SS, Goa KL (October 1995). "Desflurane. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and its efficacy in general anaesthesia".
774:
absorbent as well. Dry conditions in the carbon dioxide absorbent are conducive to this phenomenon, such as those resulting from high fresh gas flows.
646:
214:
5347:
5113:
4155:
3551:
3198:
3158:
2354:
5709:
4464:
2892:
1251:"The actions of sevoflurane and desflurane on the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type A: effects of TM2 mutations in the alpha and beta subunits"
4748:
3411:
1106:
Cost
Analysis of Desflurane and Sevoflurane: An Integrative Review and Implementation Project Introducing the Volatile Anesthetic Cost Calculator
1718:
5886:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4934:
714:
for human use, except in economically undeveloped areas, where its high cost precludes its use. It has the most rapid onset and offset of the
5664:
5243:
5238:
5228:
4116:
2414:
2404:
1815:
70:
6324:
5634:
5193:
3218:
2982:
602:
6019:
5459:
5454:
5336:
5296:
5178:
5070:
4704:
4557:
4374:
4330:
4144:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4021:
3692:
3436:
1122:"Carbon monoxide production from degradation of desflurane, enflurane, isoflurane, halothane, and sevoflurane by soda lime and Baralyme"
5589:
5163:
5062:
4733:
4541:
4031:
3906:
3747:
3742:
3476:
3312:
3007:
2394:
2389:
2364:
5866:
5809:
5774:
5749:
5654:
5479:
5474:
5301:
4818:
4436:
4182:
3228:
2987:
1474:
5891:
4036:
852:
837:
6164:
5158:
770:, when dried, is most culpable for the production of carbon monoxide from desflurane degradation, although it is also seen with
2261:
783:
2197:
1693:
1416:
1392:
1365:
1338:
1311:
1233:
3516:
4175:
1073:
1049:
total worldwide contribution of inhaled anesthetics, and yet still advocates for inhaled anesthetic emissions prevention.
3581:
1409:
Rote Liste 2017 - Arzneimittelverzeichnis für
Deutschland (einschließlich EU-Zulassungen und bestimmter Medizinprodukte)
6549:
6544:
6529:
1069:
1648:
653:
107:
5401:
5329:
3634:
2254:
1808:
1206:
622:
588:
3842:
2300:
5390:
2214:
806:
1744:
952:
276:
186:
88:
1020:, GWP(20), for desflurane is 3714, meaning that one tonne of desflurane emitted is equivalent to 3714 tonnes of
6534:
5824:
5420:
3486:
3188:
1037:
975:
347:
5099:
3814:
1074:"RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial"
802:
787:
6509:
6450:
5322:
5128:
4137:
1801:
1077:
517:
398:
467:
80:
5514:
3541:
478:
6479:
5838:
5564:
5434:
4970:
1170:
1040:-hour). One paper finds anesthesia gases used globally contribute the equivalent of 1 million cars to
3931:
3921:
3347:
2291:
1465:
3775:
494:
6519:
6424:
1930:
1255:
1033:
1017:
810:
5554:
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4209:
3901:
3556:
2359:
2202:
1837:
1570:
Sulbaek
Andersen MP, Sander SP, Nielsen OJ, Wagner DS, Sanford Jr TJ, Wallington TJ (July 2010).
1052:
In March 2023, Scotland became the first country to ban its use due to its environmental impact.
144:
60:
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4247:
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2917:
5359:
1382:
1355:
1328:
1301:
1223:
1222:
Miller RD, Eriksson LI, Fleisher LA, Wiener-Kronish JP, Cohen NH, Young WL (20 October 2014).
1196:
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6358:
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5145:
4713:
4619:
4215:
3163:
739:
447:
338:
1460:
6404:
6269:
6249:
6089:
6034:
5949:
5739:
5286:
4986:
4531:
4497:
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2553:
407:
387:
302:
255:
8:
6419:
6304:
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4485:
4370:
3936:
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3400:
3037:
2741:
2563:
2454:
2107:
1824:
1174:
735:
715:
293:
521:
498:
6339:
6279:
6189:
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6009:
5994:
5984:
5393:
5134:
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4201:
3125:
2797:
2759:
2283:
1781:
1552:
1496:
1282:
1151:
719:
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118:
30:
6539:
6429:
6149:
6029:
5909:
4743:
4623:
4425:
4046:
3717:
3378:
2769:
2616:
2571:
2409:
2005:
2000:
1910:
1785:
1773:
1769:
1689:
1593:
1556:
1544:
1488:
1441:
1412:
1388:
1361:
1334:
1307:
1274:
1269:
1250:
1229:
1202:
1143:
1138:
1121:
887:
671:
227:
5928:
5924:
5852:
1500:
1384:
Essential
Clinical Anesthesia Review: Keywords, Questions and Answers for the Boards
1357:
A Practice of
Anesthesia for Infants and Children: Expert Consult – Online and Print
1327:
Barash P, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK, Cahalan M, Stock MC, Ortega R (7 February 2013).
1286:
1155:
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5415:
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2745:
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2237:
1765:
1583:
1534:
1478:
1264:
1133:
909:
798:
534:
237:
169:
1614:
Estimate of Carbon
Dioxide Equivalents of Inhaled Anesthetics in the United States
327:
6514:
6493:
5954:
4894:
4738:
4709:
4579:
4441:
4431:
4393:
3383:
3292:
3257:
2925:
2907:
2832:
2789:
2652:
1539:
1522:
1483:
822:
759:
691:
245:
5856:
5848:
1828:
1433:
6134:
5784:
5579:
5524:
5281:
5183:
4853:
4773:
4607:
4382:
4340:
3966:
3861:
2911:
2781:
2676:
2602:
2567:
2208:
2015:
1895:
1890:
1041:
1021:
1013:
922:
791:
755:
5860:
4167:
2773:
1461:"Global Warming Potential of Inhaled Anesthetics: Application to Clinical Use"
6503:
6414:
6244:
6214:
6154:
6104:
6099:
5989:
5959:
5905:
5734:
5549:
5484:
5012:
4922:
4869:
4838:
4591:
4511:
4470:
4421:
4378:
4350:
3876:
3566:
3373:
3261:
3242:
3178:
3105:
3017:
2967:
2933:
2896:
2857:
2807:
2647:
2642:
2632:
2596:
2499:
2434:
2384:
2333:
2277:
2125:
2086:
1990:
1915:
1900:
1860:
1793:
1640:
1045:
877:
510:
1120:
Fang ZX, Eger EI, Laster MJ, Chortkoff BS, Kandel L, Ionescu P (June 1995).
6329:
6259:
6254:
6169:
5979:
5969:
5920:
5901:
5699:
5619:
5609:
5046:
4990:
4982:
4938:
4906:
4516:
4493:
3833:
3804:
3798:
3609:
3396:
3359:
3355:
3277:
3173:
2861:
2836:
2812:
2534:
2339:
2246:
2158:
2140:
2091:
1985:
1980:
1850:
1617:. Proceedings of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting.
1597:
1548:
1492:
1445:
1278:
164:
22:
4242:
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1777:
1147:
6434:
6399:
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6239:
6219:
6139:
6069:
6059:
6049:
6044:
6014:
5804:
5799:
5789:
5779:
5724:
5689:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5659:
5599:
5574:
5569:
5489:
5291:
5208:
5074:
5016:
5008:
4898:
4753:
4674:
4664:
4611:
4561:
4460:
4445:
4417:
4288:
4086:
4011:
3946:
3785:
3722:
3629:
3571:
3481:
3351:
3342:
3302:
2957:
2952:
2941:
2937:
2887:
2877:
2764:
2749:
2731:
2626:
2592:
2449:
2399:
2379:
2329:
2071:
2066:
2038:
1975:
1967:
1952:
1905:
1588:
1571:
1025:
727:
707:
3097:
367:
6394:
6374:
6334:
6309:
6274:
6264:
6209:
6199:
6194:
6184:
6159:
6124:
6079:
6074:
6054:
6039:
5964:
5896:
5881:
5871:
5624:
5614:
5559:
5519:
5504:
5248:
5223:
5203:
5198:
5173:
5078:
5066:
5038:
4956:
4930:
4926:
4912:
4902:
4873:
4861:
4857:
4828:
4823:
4778:
4717:
4699:
4684:
4603:
4583:
4565:
4549:
4501:
4489:
4475:
4412:
4335:
4293:
3971:
3881:
3790:
3780:
3639:
3456:
3446:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3388:
3367:
3337:
3272:
3252:
3246:
3148:
3115:
3109:
3101:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2977:
2929:
2902:
2867:
2842:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2637:
2586:
2582:
2469:
2324:
2179:
2153:
2148:
2130:
2115:
2097:
2081:
1885:
1845:
1621:. New Orleans, LA: American Society of Anesthesiologists. Abstrat A3196
1029:
751:
711:
703:
687:
564:
378:
734:
Though it vaporizes very readily, it is a liquid at room temperature.
39:
6234:
6229:
6204:
6179:
6174:
6144:
6094:
6084:
6064:
5934:
5719:
5714:
5704:
5529:
5509:
5499:
5494:
5449:
5276:
5233:
5218:
5213:
5084:
5028:
5024:
4917:
4848:
4788:
4728:
4723:
4689:
4599:
4595:
4536:
4526:
4505:
4451:
4355:
4322:
4106:
4101:
4091:
4051:
3996:
3981:
3961:
3956:
3941:
3737:
3707:
3614:
3594:
3589:
3441:
3363:
3297:
3267:
3238:
3168:
3153:
3120:
3087:
2851:
2827:
2785:
2777:
2736:
2726:
2710:
2706:
2682:
2667:
2662:
2622:
2539:
2524:
2489:
2479:
2464:
2439:
2419:
2374:
2174:
2061:
2033:
2023:
1995:
1880:
1875:
1865:
782:
As of 2005 the exact mechanism of the action of general anaesthetics
771:
747:
683:
679:
313:
74:
1221:
6388:
6314:
6129:
6119:
5939:
5694:
5684:
5644:
5639:
5629:
5594:
5544:
5539:
5444:
5271:
5057:
5042:
5032:
5020:
4889:
4879:
4865:
4679:
4545:
4521:
4480:
4345:
4096:
4026:
4016:
3976:
3951:
3891:
3794:
3702:
3576:
3506:
3461:
3392:
3332:
3317:
3232:
3193:
3092:
2972:
2881:
2821:
2801:
2793:
2686:
2672:
2656:
2606:
2504:
2494:
2474:
2444:
2428:
2319:
2231:
2120:
2076:
2056:
2028:
1957:
1947:
1870:
1569:
767:
427:
358:
102:
1333:(7th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 470–.
587:
6384:
6364:
5944:
5915:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5744:
5648:
5534:
5469:
5464:
5168:
5000:
4669:
4615:
4553:
4456:
4360:
4306:
4298:
4283:
4262:
4257:
4001:
3986:
3896:
3809:
3536:
3496:
3491:
3416:
3327:
3307:
3223:
2872:
2612:
2528:
2509:
2344:
1939:
895:
758:
absorbent in anesthesia circuits to produce detectable levels of
3052:
3047:
1109:(Doctor of Nursing Practice thesis). Texas Christian University.
5974:
5794:
5604:
5389:
4996:
4314:
4270:
3866:
2817:
2720:
2424:
2048:
1198:
Foundations of
Anesthesia: Basic Sciences for Clinical Practice
458:
6344:
4629:
3911:
3561:
3287:
3137:
2753:
2369:
1920:
578:
438:
1326:
483:
5089:
4961:
4634:
4006:
3819:
3501:
3471:
3213:
3203:
3143:
3133:
3129:
2716:
1641:"Scotland first to ban environmentally harmful anaesthetic"
1411:. Rote Liste Service GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, 2017, Aufl. 57,
418:
3517:
1610:
5402:
4575:
2921:
1604:
1523:"Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Anesthetic Drugs"
1381:
Aglio LS, Lekowski RW, Urman RD, eds. (8 January 2015).
1611:
Sherman JD, Schonberger RB, Eckelman M (October 2014).
1520:
1119:
5825:
5421:
3843:
2301:
1674:
6477:
5100:
762:
through degradation of the anesthetic agent. The CO
1683:
346:
1743:(Ph.D. thesis) (in German). Bochum. Archived from
1717:(Ph.D. thesis) (in German). Bochum. Archived from
1688:(5th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
1521:Sherman J, Le C, Lamers V, Eckelman M (May 2012).
1380:
1188:
1374:
1248:
1215:
6501:
1353:
1293:
326:
4197:
1440:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
1427:
1425:
1320:
1194:
301:
6320:Trimetaphan camsilate (trimethaphan camsylate)
1823:
1684:Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Moore PK (2003).
1347:
1201:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 290–291.
6525:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
6461:Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
5375:
5259:
5146:
4183:
2262:
1809:
1387:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 128–.
1299:
668:1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether
284:2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
6456:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
2276:
1675:Eger EI, Eisenkraft JB, Weiskopf RB (2003).
1572:"Inhalation anaesthetics and climate change"
1422:
630:InChI=1S/C3H2F6O/c4-1(3(7,8)9)10-2(5)6/h1-2H
106:
2278:
1458:
1360:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 499–.
1306:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 101–.
1228:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 624–.
1007:
263:Elimination dependent on minute ventilation
5382:
5368:
4190:
4176:
3526:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A-rho receptor
2269:
2255:
1816:
1802:
1401:
1113:
520:
497:
386:
38:
29:
5407:Tooltip Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
1587:
1538:
1482:
1475:International Anesthesia Research Society
1300:Reed AP, Yudkowitz FS (2 December 2013).
1268:
1137:
406:
5950:Candocuronium iodide (chandonium iodide)
5348:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
4227:
1755:
1702:
81:Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
1728:
1677:The Pharmacology of Inhaled Anesthetics
1431:
1168:
493:
366:
6502:
5830:Tooltip negative allosteric modulators
5426:Tooltip positive allosteric modulators
3851:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor
2309:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptor
1102:
1068:
989:
869:
511:
5363:
5105:Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
4171:
2250:
2235:
1797:
1619:American Society of Anesthesiologists
1354:Coté CJ, Lerman J, Todres ID (2013).
672:highly fluorinated methyl ethyl ether
466:
446:
221:
97:
79:
4797:4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
4655:4-Phenyl-4-formyl-N-methylpiperidine
4156:GABA metabolism/transport modulators
2236:
1024:in the atmosphere, much higher than
998:
965:Oil:Gas partition coefficient :
722:due to its low solubility in blood.
168:
4620:trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)
2552:Positive modulators (abridged; see
1452:
754:, has been shown to react with the
426:
317:
13:
5224:Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242)
1667:
1084:from the original on 3 August 2023
816:
786:. Desflurane is known to act as a
14:
6561:
6035:Dimethyltubocurarine (metocurine)
4087:Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
3585:-Chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside
2380:Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
1651:from the original on 3 March 2023
1459:Ryan SM, Nielsen CJ (July 2010).
1407:Rote Liste Service GmbH (Hrsg.):
1249:Nishikawa K, Harrison NL (2003).
195:
129:
6487:
5391:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
1770:10.2165/00003495-199550040-00010
1270:10.1097/00000542-200309000-00024
1195:Hemmings HC, Hopkins PM (2006).
1139:10.1097/00000539-199506000-00021
851:
836:
807:nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
551:
545:
6415:Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
5740:Suxethonium (succinyldicholine)
5735:Suxamethonium (succinylcholine)
3379:Pentylenetetrazol (pentetrazol)
1633:
1563:
1514:
953:Blood:Gas partition coefficient
777:
635:Key:DPYMFVXJLLWWEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1576:British Journal of Anaesthesia
1242:
1162:
1096:
1062:
1038:minimal alveolar concentration
738:are fitted with a specialized
557:
539:
208:
1:
6451:Receptor/signaling modulators
6105:Hexamethonium (benzohexonium)
5323:Receptor/signaling modulators
5264:Tooltip Glycine transporter 2
5174:Bitopertin (RG1678/RO4917838)
5151:Tooltip Glycine transporter 1
4138:Receptor/signaling modulators
3293:Isopregnanolone (sepranolone)
1169:Perkins B (7 February 2005).
1055:
883:23.5 °C or 74.3 °F
821:Desflurane medications are a
809:, as well as affecting other
803:negative allosteric modulator
788:positive allosteric modulator
217:(Other controlled substances)
5341:receptor positive modulators
4149:receptor positive modulators
2657:ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)
1540:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31824f6940
1484:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181e058d7
1303:Clinical Cases in Anesthesia
710:, it is gradually replacing
7:
6185:Methorphan (racemethorphan)
5515:Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate
1171:"How does anesthesia work?"
980:
967:
957:
943:
940:
930:
927:
914:
882:
831:Enantiomeres of desflurane
10:
6566:
5565:Dimethylphenylpiperazinium
4379:chlorobutanol (chloretone)
3348:Nonsteroidal antiandrogens
1466:Anesthesia & Analgesia
1103:Varkey JK (October 2012).
1080:(published 4 April 2023).
529:Chemical and physical data
6550:Difluoromethoxy compounds
6545:Trifluoromethyl compounds
6530:Glycine receptor agonists
6443:
6357:
5818:
5414:
5400:
5314:
5257:
5144:
5127:
5098:
4494:pregnenolone (eltanolone)
4471:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
4225:
4208:
4129:
3832:
3515:
2299:
2290:
2244:
2192:
2167:
2139:
2106:
2047:
2014:
1966:
1938:
1929:
1836:
1034:global warming potentials
830:
811:ligand-gated ion channels
643:
618:
598:
576:
563:
533:
528:
509:
477:
457:
437:
417:
397:
377:
357:
337:
312:
292:
272:
267:
254:
244:
236:
185:
180:
155:
143:
117:
87:
69:
59:
51:
46:
37:
28:
6425:Phosphatidylethanolamine
5330:GABA receptor modulators
4232:Tooltip Glycine receptor
2897:sulfonmethane (sulfonal)
1527:Anesthesia and Analgesia
1473:(1). San Francisco, CA:
1126:Anesthesia and Analgesia
1018:global-warming potential
1008:Global-warming potential
1004:intracranial pressure.
674:used for maintenance of
6205:Morphanol (racemorphan)
6145:Laudexium (laudolissin)
5555:Desformylflustrabromine
4975:3β-androsterone sulfate
4971:3α-androsterone sulfate
1078:Diário Oficial da União
784:has not been delineated
750:and to a lesser extent
746:Desflurane, along with
5219:ORG-25935 (SCH-900435)
4408:Alkylbenzene sulfonate
3776:5α-Dihydroprogesterone
3323:Morphine-3-glucuronide
2983:Hyenachin (mellitoxin)
2868:Retigabine (ezogabine)
1432:Khan J, Liu M (2022).
6535:Nicotinic antagonists
6410:Glycerophosphocholine
5292:Opiranserin (VVZ-149)
4592:diethyl ether (ether)
3164:Chlorophenylsilatrane
740:anaesthetic vaporiser
6405:Dimethylethanolamine
6270:Rapacuronium bromide
6250:Pipecuronium bromide
6090:Gantacurium chloride
6050:Dizocilpine (MK-801)
5635:MEM-63,908 (RG-3487)
5585:Ethoxysebacylcholine
4987:pregnenolone sulfate
4967:Neuroactive steroids
4925:constituents (e.g.,
4885:Cyanotriphenylborate
4846:Negative modulators:
4769:N,N-Dimethylmuscimol
4695:Cyanotriphenylborate
4532:Tetrahydrocannabinol
4498:pregnenolone acetate
4486:Neuroactive steroids
4459:constituents (e.g.,
4368:Positive modulators:
4114:Negative modulators:
3994:Positive modulators:
3887:Arbaclofen placarbil
3773:Negative modulators:
3622:Positive modulators:
3407:Pregnenolone sulfate
3043:17-Phenylandrostenol
3025:Negative modulators:
2910:constituents (e.g.,
2880:constituents (e.g.,
2742:Neuroactive steroids
2719:constituents (e.g.,
2455:Neuroactive steroids
2141:Neuroactive steroids
2108:Arylcyclohexylamines
825:of two enantiomers.
736:Anaesthetic machines
6510:General anesthetics
6420:Phosphatidylcholine
6305:Threohydrobupropion
6290:Stercuronium iodide
6225:Pancuronium bromide
4979:deoxycorticosterone
4759:N-Methylbicuculline
3703:Gabazine (SR-95531)
3693:CGP-36742 (SGS-742)
3401:dihydropicrotoxinin
3126:Bicyclic phosphates
3038:11-Ketoprogesterone
2973:Gabazine (SR-95531)
2798:pyrazolopyrimidines
1825:General anesthetics
1703:Bellgard M (2005).
1330:Clinical Anesthesia
1225:Miller's Anesthesia
1175:Scientific American
990:Physiologic effects
870:Physical properties
716:volatile anesthetic
702:) optical isomers (
204:(Prescription only)
55:des-FLOO-rane
25:
6340:Vecuronium bromide
6280:Rocuronium bromide
6190:Methyllycaconitine
6115:Hydroxynorketamine
6010:Dextropropoxyphene
5995:Dehydronorketamine
5985:Dacuronium bromide
5189:Glycyldodecylamide
4793:4-hydroxyquinoline
4764:N-Methylstrychnine
3224:FG-7142 (ZK-31906)
2770:Nonbenzodiazepines
2219:Never to phase III
1729:Lohmann S (2006).
1589:10.1093/bja/aeq259
1016:. The twenty-year
720:general anesthesia
676:general anesthesia
610:FC(F)(F)C(F)OC(F)F
21:
6475:
6474:
6469:
6468:
6430:Phosphorylcholine
6368:
6353:
6352:
6150:Levacetylmethadol
6030:Dihydrochandonium
5910:sodium thiopental
5580:Ethanol (alcohol)
5357:
5356:
5310:
5309:
5282:Ethanol (alcohol)
5184:Ethanol (alcohol)
5138:
5123:
5122:
4744:Isonipecotic acid
4650:2-Nitrostrychnine
4645:2-Aminostrychnine
4624:trichloroethylene
4426:sodium thiopental
4383:ethanol (alcohol)
4325:
4317:
4309:
4301:
4273:
4265:
4219:
4165:
4164:
4125:
4124:
4047:2-Hydroxysaclofen
3828:
3827:
3718:Isonipecotic acid
3083:Anabolic steroids
3053:α5IA (LS-193,268)
2963:Dihydrosecurinine
2848:Pyrazolopyridines
2617:potassium bromide
2615:compounds (e.g.,
2578:Anabolic steroids
2556:for a full list):
2410:Isonipecotic acid
2229:
2228:
2188:
2187:
2006:Thiotetrabarbital
1911:Trichloroethylene
1695:978-0-443-07145-4
1679:. New Providence.
1417:978-3-946057-10-9
1394:978-1-107-68130-9
1367:978-1-4377-2792-0
1340:978-1-4698-3027-8
1313:978-0-323-18654-4
1235:978-0-323-28011-2
1072:(31 March 2023).
1032:. In addition to
999:Contraindications
987:
986:
867:
866:
863:
848:
799:glycine receptors
706:). Together with
661:
660:
589:Interactive image
479:CompTox Dashboard
225:
212:
199:
133:
100:
16:Chemical compound
6557:
6492:
6491:
6490:
6483:
6362:
6300:Thiocolchicoside
6110:Hydroxybupropion
6005:Dextromethorphan
5877:Allopregnanolone
5831:
5827:
5730:Suberyldicholine
5440:6-Chloronicotine
5427:
5423:
5412:
5411:
5408:
5404:
5384:
5377:
5370:
5361:
5360:
5265:
5261:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5132:
5106:
5102:
5005:dextromethorphan
4895:Dihydropyridines
4834:Thiocolchicoside
4784:Pseudostrychnine
4724:Gaboxadol (THIP)
4718:anandamide (AEA)
4710:Endocannabinoids
4442:Dihydropyridines
4402:trifluoroethanol
4398:trichloroethanol
4323:
4315:
4307:
4299:
4271:
4263:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4213:
4199:Glycine receptor
4192:
4185:
4178:
4169:
4168:
3872:4-Fluorophenibut
3852:
3848:
3839:
3838:
3708:Gaboxadol (THIP)
3625:Allopregnanolone
3527:
3523:
3258:Fluoroquinolones
3013:Thiocolchicoside
2833:Piperidinediones
2790:imidazopyridines
2746:allopregnanolone
2653:Dihydroergolines
2568:drinking alcohol
2459:allopregnanolone
2375:Gaboxadol (THIP)
2310:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2280:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2248:
2247:
2238:Pharmacodynamics
2233:
2232:
1936:
1935:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1751:
1750:on 4 March 2016.
1749:
1742:
1725:
1723:
1716:
1699:
1680:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1647:. 3 March 2023.
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1591:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1542:
1533:(5): 1086–1090.
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1486:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1429:
1420:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1272:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1141:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1066:
1012:Desflurane is a
947:(at 24 °C)
934:(at 20 °C)
910:Molecular Weight
904:(at 20 °C)
874:
873:
857:
855:
842:
840:
828:
827:
657:
656:
649:
591:
571:
559:
553:
547:
541:
524:
513:
502:
501:
487:
485:
470:
450:
430:
410:
390:
370:
350:
330:
320:
319:
305:
259:
223:
220:
210:
207:
197:
194:
172:
131:
128:
110:
99:
96:
83:
42:
33:
26:
24:
20:
6565:
6564:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6520:Organofluorides
6500:
6499:
6498:
6488:
6486:
6478:
6476:
6471:
6470:
6465:
6439:
6361:
6349:
5955:Chlorisondamine
5829:
5822:
5814:
5425:
5418:
5406:
5396:
5388:
5358:
5353:
5340:
5306:
5263:
5253:
5164:ALX-5407 (NFPS)
5150:
5131:
5119:
5104:
5094:
4854:Benzodiazepines
4739:Isobutyric acid
4580:chloral hydrate
4432:Chlormethiazole
4394:tribromoethanol
4390:-butanol (2M2P)
4231:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4166:
4161:
4148:
4121:
3850:
3847:
3824:
3552:Homohypotaurine
3525:
3521:
3511:
3384:Phenylsilatrane
2926:chloral hydrate
2893:Sulfonylalkanes
2782:cyclopyrrolones
2603:Benzodiazepines
2355:Dihydromuscimol
2308:
2305:
2286:
2275:
2240:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2209:Clinical trials
2184:
2163:
2135:
2102:
2043:
2016:Benzodiazepines
2010:
1962:
1925:
1832:
1822:
1792:
1747:
1740:
1724:on 22 May 2011.
1721:
1714:
1696:
1670:
1668:Further reading
1665:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1609:
1605:
1568:
1564:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1457:
1453:
1430:
1423:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1298:
1294:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1167:
1163:
1118:
1114:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1010:
1001:
992:
872:
856:
841:
819:
817:Stereochemistry
795:
780:
765:
760:carbon monoxide
718:drugs used for
692:racemic mixture
652:
650:
647:(what is this?)
644:
639:
636:
631:
626:
625:
614:
611:
606:
605:
594:
569:
556:
550:
544:
505:
481:
473:
453:
433:
413:
393:
373:
353:
333:
316:
308:
288:
285:
280:
279:
257:
250:Not metabolized
238:Pharmacokinetic
232:
176:
146:
139:
120:
113:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6563:
6553:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6497:
6496:
6473:
6472:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6382:
6377:
6371:
6369:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6135:Kynurenic acid
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5929:κ-bungarotoxin
5925:α-bungarotoxin
5918:
5913:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5863:, many others)
5853:α-bungarotoxin
5846:
5841:
5835:
5833:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5785:Tribendimidine
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5710:Sebacylcholine
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5525:Butyrylcholine
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5431:
5429:
5409:
5398:
5397:
5387:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5364:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5344:
5338:
5333:
5326:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5268:
5266:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5155:
5153:
5139:
5125:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5109:
5107:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5036:
4994:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4851:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4774:Nipecotic acid
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4608:methoxyflurane
4569:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4465:ginsenoside-Rf
4454:
4449:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4341:Picolinic acid
4338:
4333:
4328:
4320:
4312:
4304:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4268:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4236:
4234:
4220:
4206:
4205:
4195:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4172:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4152:
4146:
4141:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3967:Sodium oxybate
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3862:1,4-Butanediol
3855:
3853:
3845:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3530:
3528:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3255:
3250:
3236:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3106:cephalosporins
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2946:
2945:
2915:
2912:valerenic acid
2905:
2900:
2890:
2885:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2858:Quinazolinones
2855:
2845:
2840:
2830:
2825:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2714:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2680:
2677:mefenamic acid
2670:
2665:
2660:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2620:
2610:
2600:
2590:
2580:
2575:
2561:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2327:
2322:
2313:
2311:
2303:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1896:Methoxypropane
1893:
1891:Methoxyflurane
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1791:
1790:
1764:(4): 742–767.
1753:
1726:
1700:
1694:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1632:
1603:
1582:(6): 760–766.
1562:
1513:
1451:
1421:
1400:
1393:
1373:
1366:
1346:
1339:
1319:
1312:
1292:
1263:(3): 678–684.
1256:Anesthesiology
1241:
1234:
1214:
1207:
1187:
1161:
1132:(6): 1187–93.
1112:
1095:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1042:global warming
1022:carbon dioxide
1014:greenhouse gas
1009:
1006:
1000:
997:
991:
988:
985:
984:
982:
979:
972:
971:
969:
966:
962:
961:
959:
956:
949:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:Vapor pressure
919:
918:
916:
913:
906:
905:
902:
899:
892:
891:
884:
881:
871:
868:
865:
864:
849:
833:
832:
818:
815:
793:
779:
776:
763:
756:carbon dioxide
659:
658:
641:
640:
638:
637:
634:
632:
629:
621:
620:
619:
616:
615:
613:
612:
609:
601:
600:
599:
596:
595:
593:
592:
584:
582:
574:
573:
567:
561:
560:
554:
548:
542:
537:
531:
530:
526:
525:
515:
507:
506:
504:
503:
495:DTXSID80866606
490:
488:
475:
474:
472:
471:
463:
461:
455:
454:
452:
451:
443:
441:
435:
434:
432:
431:
423:
421:
415:
414:
412:
411:
403:
401:
395:
394:
392:
391:
383:
381:
375:
374:
372:
371:
363:
361:
355:
354:
352:
351:
343:
341:
335:
334:
332:
331:
323:
321:
310:
309:
307:
306:
298:
296:
290:
289:
287:
286:
283:
275:
274:
273:
270:
269:
265:
264:
261:
252:
251:
248:
242:
241:
234:
233:
231:
230:
218:
205:
191:
189:
183:
182:
178:
177:
175:
174:
161:
159:
153:
152:
149:
147:administration
141:
140:
138:
137:
135:
125:
123:
115:
114:
112:
111:
93:
91:
85:
84:
77:
67:
66:
63:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6562:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6495:
6485:
6484:
6481:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6446:
6445:
6442:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6366:
6360:
6356:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6245:Phencyclidine
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6215:Nitrous oxide
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6155:Levomethadone
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6100:Hexafluronium
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5990:Decamethonium
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5960:Cisatracurium
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5921:Bungarotoxins
5919:
5917:
5914:
5911:
5907:
5906:pentobarbital
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5849:α-Neurotoxins
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5828:
5821:
5817:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5550:Decamethonium
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5485:Acetylcholine
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5424:
5417:
5413:
5410:
5405:
5399:
5395:
5392:
5385:
5380:
5378:
5373:
5371:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5350:
5349:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5313:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5262:
5256:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5149:
5143:
5140:
5136:
5130:
5126:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5103:
5097:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5013:levomethadone
5010:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4870:flunitrazepam
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4749:Isostrychnine
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4512:Nitrous oxide
4510:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4422:pentobarbital
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4351:Quisqualamine
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4321:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4269:
4267:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4193:
4188:
4186:
4181:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3877:Aceburic acid
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3849:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3567:Ibotenic acid
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:Propybicyphat
3410:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3374:Oenanthotoxin
3372:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3283:Iomazenil (I)
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3262:ciprofloxacin
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3243:amentoflavone
3240:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3179:Cyclothiazide
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2968:Famiraprinium
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2934:diethyl ether
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2808:Norfluoxetine
2806:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2648:Clomethiazole
2646:
2644:
2643:Chlormezanone
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Carbamazepine
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2597:phenobarbital
2594:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2500:Quisqualamine
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2435:Methylglyoxal
2433:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2385:Ibotenic acid
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2334:phenobarbital
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:Phencyclidine
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2087:Phenoperidine
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:Narcobarbital
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1901:Nitrous oxide
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:Diethyl ether
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1396:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1342:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1323:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1237:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1210:
1208:0-323-03707-0
1204:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:nitrous oxide
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1005:
996:
983:
977:
974:
973:
970:
964:
963:
960:
954:
951:
950:
946:
938:
937:
933:
924:
921:
920:
917:
911:
908:
907:
903:
900:
897:
894:
893:
889:
885:
879:
878:Boiling point
876:
875:
861:
854:
850:
846:
839:
835:
834:
829:
826:
824:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
789:
785:
775:
773:
769:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
741:
737:
732:
729:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
655:
648:
642:
633:
628:
627:
624:
617:
608:
607:
604:
597:
590:
586:
585:
583:
580:
575:
568:
566:
562:
538:
536:
532:
527:
523:
519:
516:
514:
512:ECHA InfoCard
508:
500:
496:
492:
491:
489:
480:
476:
469:
468:ChEMBL1200733
465:
464:
462:
460:
456:
449:
445:
444:
442:
440:
436:
429:
425:
424:
422:
420:
416:
409:
405:
404:
402:
400:
396:
389:
385:
384:
382:
380:
376:
369:
365:
364:
362:
360:
356:
349:
345:
344:
342:
340:
336:
329:
325:
324:
322:
315:
311:
304:
300:
299:
297:
295:
291:
282:
281:
278:
271:
266:
262:
260:
253:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
229:
219:
216:
206:
203:
193:
192:
190:
188:
184:
179:
171:
166:
163:
162:
160:
158:
154:
150:
148:
142:
136:
127:
126:
124:
122:
116:
109:
104:
95:
94:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
62:
58:
54:
52:Pronunciation
50:
47:Clinical data
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
6330:Tubocurarine
6260:Promegestone
6255:Progesterone
6170:Mecamylamine
5999:
5980:Cyclopropane
5970:Coronaridine
5902:Barbiturates
5887:Anatruxonium
5857:α-cobratoxin
5700:Sazetidine A
5620:JNJ-39393406
5610:Ispronicline
5346:
5335:
5328:
5321:
5047:picrotoxinin
4991:progesterone
4983:DHEA sulfate
4951:ginkgolide M
4947:ginkgolide J
4943:ginkgolide C
4939:ginkgolide B
4935:ginkgolide A
4907:nitrendipine
4845:
4642:Antagonists:
4641:
4587:
4517:Penicillin G
4461:ginsenosides
4418:Barbiturates
4387:
4367:
4248:β-ABA (BABA)
4239:
4154:
4143:
4136:
4113:
4044:Antagonists:
4043:
3993:
3858:
3834:Metabotropic
3805:Pregnanolone
3799:picrotoxinin
3772:
3758:
3685:
3655:(S)-4-ACPBPA
3650:(S)-2-MeGABA
3647:Antagonists:
3646:
3621:
3610:Thiomuscimol
3582:
3533:
3397:picrotoxinin
3360:enzalutamide
3356:bicalutamide
3278:Golexanolone
3174:Cloflubicyne
3024:
2950:Antagonists:
2949:
2862:methaqualone
2837:glutethimide
2813:Petrichloral
2774:β-carbolines
2593:Barbiturates
2551:
2535:Thiomuscimol
2340:Beta-Alanine
2330:Barbiturates
2320:(+)-Catechin
2316:
2159:Hydroxydione
2092:Remifentanil
1986:Methohexital
1981:Hexobarbital
1968:Barbiturates
1855:
1851:Cyclopropane
1838:Inhalational
1761:
1757:
1745:the original
1736:
1731:
1719:the original
1710:
1705:
1686:Pharmacology
1685:
1676:
1653:. Retrieved
1644:
1635:
1623:. Retrieved
1618:
1613:
1606:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1504:. Retrieved
1470:
1464:
1454:
1437:
1434:"Desflurane"
1408:
1403:
1383:
1376:
1356:
1349:
1329:
1322:
1302:
1295:
1260:
1254:
1244:
1224:
1217:
1197:
1190:
1178:. Retrieved
1164:
1129:
1125:
1115:
1105:
1098:
1086:. Retrieved
1064:
1051:
1011:
1002:
993:
981:6 vol %
862:)-Enantiomer
859:
847:)-Enantiomer
844:
820:
781:
778:Pharmacology
745:
733:
724:
699:
695:
667:
663:
662:
651:
645:
256:Elimination
187:Legal status
181:Legal status
89:License data
18:
6435:Pirisudanol
6400:Cyprodenate
6380:Adafenoxate
6295:Surugatoxin
6285:Sevoflurane
6240:Pentolinium
6220:Norketamine
6140:Laudanosine
6070:Erythravine
6060:Encenicline
6045:Dipyrandium
6015:Dextrorphan
5861:α-conotoxin
5820:Antagonists
5805:WAY-317,538
5800:Varenicline
5790:Tropisetron
5780:Tebanicline
5725:SSR-180,711
5690:Rivanicline
5680:Pozanicline
5675:PNU-282,987
5670:PNU-120,596
5665:PHA-709,829
5660:PHA-543,613
5600:Galantamine
5575:Epiboxidine
5570:Epibatidine
5490:Altinicline
5244:SSR-504,734
5239:SSR-103,800
5229:PF-03463275
5209:Mardepodect
5129:Transporter
5075:tropisetron
5017:levorphanol
5009:dextrorphan
4931:ginkgolides
4899:nicardipine
4754:Laudanosine
4675:Cacotheline
4665:Bicuculline
4612:sevoflurane
4562:tropisetron
4446:nicardipine
4289:Hypotaurine
4117:Compound 14
3947:Lesogaberan
3786:Loreclezole
3723:Loreclezole
3660:(S)-4-ACPCA
3640:Lanthanides
3630:Alphaxolone
3572:Isoguvacine
3482:Terbequinil
3352:apalutamide
3343:Nicardipine
3303:Laudanosine
3110:carbapenems
3102:penicillins
2958:Coriamyrtin
2953:Bicuculline
2942:sevoflurane
2938:paraldehyde
2888:Stiripentol
2765:Niacinamide
2750:cholesterol
2732:Loreclezole
2627:meprobamate
2583:Avermectins
2450:Nefiracetam
2415:Kojic amine
2405:Isomuscimol
2400:Isoguvacine
2205:from market
2072:Embutramide
2067:Anileridine
2039:Remimazolam
1976:Amobarbital
1953:Fospropofol
1916:Vinyl ether
1906:Sevoflurane
1506:9 September
1026:sevoflurane
801:, and as a
728:tachycardia
708:sevoflurane
704:enantiomers
572: g·mol
518:100.214.382
268:Identifiers
61:Trade names
6504:Categories
6395:Citicoline
6375:Acetyl-coA
6359:Precursors
6335:Vanoxerine
6325:Tropeinium
6310:Toxiferine
6275:Reboxetine
6265:Radafaxine
6210:Neramexane
6200:Mivacurium
6195:Metocurine
6160:Malouetine
6125:Isoflurane
6080:Fazadinium
6075:Esketamine
6055:Doxacurium
6040:Dioscorine
6000:Desflurane
5965:Coclaurine
5897:Atracurium
5882:Amantadine
5872:Alcuronium
5625:Levamisole
5615:Ivermectin
5560:Dianicline
5520:Butinoline
5505:Anatoxin-a
5394:modulators
5249:Tilapertin
5204:LY-2365109
5199:Iclepertin
5194:GSK1018921
5079:zatosetron
5067:bemesetron
5039:Picrotoxin
4957:Imipramine
4927:bilobalide
4913:Furosemide
4903:nifedipine
4874:flurazepam
4862:clonazepam
4858:bromazepam
4829:Strychnine
4824:Sinomenine
4789:Quinolines
4779:Pitrazepin
4700:Dendrobine
4685:Colchicine
4604:isoflurane
4588:desflurane
4584:chloroform
4566:zatosetron
4550:bemesetron
4502:minaxolone
4490:alfaxolone
4476:Ivermectin
4413:Anandamide
4336:Milacemide
4326:-Threonine
4294:Ivermectin
4202:modulators
3972:SKF-97,541
3882:Arbaclofen
3791:Picrotoxin
3781:Bilobalide
3457:Suritozole
3447:Sarmazenil
3432:Ro 19-4603
3427:Ro 15-4513
3422:Radequinil
3389:Picrotoxin
3368:nilutamide
3338:Naltrexone
3273:Furosemide
3253:Flumazenil
3247:oroxylin A
3239:Flavonoids
3219:Etbicyphat
3149:Bilobalide
3116:Basmisanil
3003:Sinomenine
2998:Securinine
2993:Pitrazepin
2978:Hydrastine
2930:chloroform
2903:Topiramate
2843:Propanidid
2707:Imidazoles
2702:Flupirtine
2697:Fluoxetine
2691:hispidulin
2683:Flavonoids
2638:Chloralose
2623:Carbamates
2587:ivermectin
2525:Terpenoids
2470:PF-6372865
2325:Bamaluzole
2292:Ionotropic
2284:modulators
2180:Propanidid
2154:Alfaxalone
2149:Alfadolone
2131:Tiletamine
2116:Esketamine
2098:Sufentanil
2082:Alfentanil
2001:Thiopental
1886:Isoflurane
1856:Desflurane
1846:Chloroform
1438:StatPearls
1056:References
1030:isoflurane
901:1.465 g/cm
766:absorbent
752:isoflurane
712:isoflurane
690:, it is a
688:isoflurane
664:Desflurane
577:3D model (
565:Molar mass
448:CHEBI:4445
408:CRS35BZ94Q
379:ChemSpider
339:IUPHAR/BPS
303:57041-67-5
294:CAS Number
277:IUPAC name
246:Metabolism
151:Inhalation
108:Desflurane
23:Desflurane
6235:Pentamine
6230:Pempidine
6180:Methadone
6175:Memantine
6095:Halothane
6085:Gallamine
6065:Enflurane
6020:Diadonium
5935:Bupropion
5720:SIB-1553A
5715:SIB-1508Y
5705:SB-206553
5530:Carbachol
5510:AR-R17779
5500:Anatabine
5495:Anabasine
5460:A-867,744
5455:A-582,941
5450:A-366,833
5297:ORG-25543
5277:Amoxapine
5234:Sarcosine
5214:ORG-24598
5179:CP-802079
5085:Verapamil
5071:LY-278584
5063:Tropeines
5029:pethidine
5025:oripavine
4918:Genistein
4849:Amiloride
4729:Gelsemine
4705:Diaboline
4690:Colubrine
4600:halothane
4596:enflurane
4572:Volatiles
4558:LY-278584
4542:Tropeines
4537:Triclofos
4527:Tamoxifen
4506:ORG-20599
4452:Etomidate
4375:brometone
4356:Sarcosine
4331:MDL-27531
4243:β-Alanine
4240:Agonists:
4107:SKF-97541
4102:SCH-50911
4092:Phaclofen
4077:CGP-64213
4072:CGP-55845
4067:CGP-54626
4062:CGP-52432
4057:CGP-46381
4052:CGP-35348
4022:CGP-13501
3997:ADX-71441
3982:Tolgabide
3962:Progabide
3957:Picamilon
3942:Isovaline
3859:Agonists:
3761:-3-ACPBPA
3738:SKF-97541
3688:-3-ACPBPA
3615:Tolgabide
3595:Progabide
3590:Picamilon
3534:Agonists:
3442:RO4938581
3437:RO4882224
3364:flutamide
3298:L-655,708
3268:Flurothyl
3169:Cicutoxin
3154:Bupropion
3121:Bemegride
3098:β-Lactams
3088:Amiloride
2918:Volatiles
2852:etazolate
2828:Phenytoin
2786:zopiclone
2778:abecarnil
2737:Monastrol
2727:Lanthanum
2711:etomidate
2673:Fenamates
2668:Etifoxine
2663:Etazepine
2540:Tolgabide
2490:Progabide
2480:Picamilon
2465:Org 20599
2440:Monastrol
2420:L-838,417
2317:Agonists:
2215:Phase III
2203:Withdrawn
2175:Etomidate
2062:Oxycodone
2034:Lorazepam
2024:Midazolam
1996:Thiamylal
1931:Injection
1881:Halothane
1876:Fluroxene
1866:Enflurane
1786:249867129
1557:207134715
1477:: 92–98.
1419:, S. 175.
1088:16 August
772:soda lime
748:enflurane
684:enflurane
680:halothane
258:half-life
145:Routes of
119:Pregnancy
75:Drugs.com
6540:Fluranes
6494:Medicine
6447:See also
6389:lecithin
6365:prodrugs
6315:Tramadol
6165:ME-18-MC
6130:Ketamine
6120:Ibogaine
5940:BW284C51
5695:RJR-2429
5685:Pyrantel
5645:Nicotine
5640:Morantel
5630:Lobeline
5595:EVP-6124
5590:EVP-4473
5545:Cytisine
5540:Cotinine
5445:A-84,543
5416:Agonists
5318:See also
5272:ALX-1393
5135:blockers
5116:instead.
5058:Riluzole
5043:picrotin
5033:thebaine
5021:morphine
4890:Daidzein
4880:Corymine
4866:diazepam
4801:5,7-CIQA
4734:iso-THAZ
4680:Caffeine
4546:atropine
4522:Propofol
4481:Ketamine
4371:Alcohols
4346:Propofol
4310:-Proline
4302:-Alanine
4266:-Alanine
4210:Receptor
4133:See also
4097:Saclofen
4032:rac-BHFF
4027:GS-39783
4017:CGP-7930
3977:SL 75102
3952:Phenibut
3907:Gabamide
3892:Baclofen
3795:picrotin
3748:SR-95813
3743:SR-95318
3665:2-MeTACA
3577:Muscimol
3507:ZK-93426
3477:TCS-1105
3462:TB-21007
3393:picrotin
3333:Naloxone
3318:Morphine
3313:MaxiPost
3233:fipronil
3229:Fiproles
3199:(+)-DMBB
3194:Dieldrin
3093:Anisatin
3008:SR-42641
2908:Valerian
2882:baicalin
2878:Skullcap
2822:propofol
2802:zaleplon
2794:zolpidem
2687:apigenin
2607:diazepam
2564:Alcohols
2505:SL-75102
2495:Propofol
2475:Phenibut
2445:Muscimol
2429:honokiol
2395:iso-THIP
2390:iso-THAZ
2365:Gabamide
2281:receptor
2121:Ketamine
2077:Fentanyl
2057:Morphine
2029:Diazepam
1958:Propofol
1948:Ciprofol
1871:Ethylene
1649:Archived
1645:BBC News
1598:20935004
1549:22492186
1501:20737354
1493:20519425
1446:30725791
1287:72907404
1279:12960553
1156:41150462
1082:Archived
944:804 mmHg
931:672 mmHg
928:88.5 kPa
823:racemate
768:Baralyme
654:(verify)
359:DrugBank
215:Class C1
157:ATC code
134: B3
121:category
103:DailyMed
6385:Choline
5945:BW-A444
5923:(e.g.,
5916:BNC-210
5904:(e.g.,
5867:ABT-126
5851:(e.g.,
5810:XY-4083
5775:TC-6683
5770:TC-5619
5765:TC-5214
5760:TC-2216
5755:TC-1827
5750:TC-1734
5745:TC-1698
5655:NS-1738
5649:tobacco
5535:Choline
5480:ABT-894
5475:ABT-560
5470:ABT-418
5465:ABT-202
5302:VVZ-368
5169:ASP2535
5065:(e.g.,
5041:(i.e.,
5001:codeine
4999:(e.g.,
4997:Opioids
4969:(e.g.,
4933:(e.g.,
4897:(e.g.,
4856:(e.g.,
4819:RU-5135
4791:(e.g.,
4712:(e.g.,
4670:Brucine
4616:toluene
4578:(e.g.,
4554:cocaine
4544:(e.g.,
4488:(e.g.,
4463:(e.g.,
4457:Ginseng
4444:(e.g.,
4437:D12-116
4420:(e.g.,
4373:(e.g.,
4361:Taurine
4318:-Serine
4284:Glycine
4274:-Serine
4258:Caesium
4216:ligands
4002:BHF-177
3987:Tolibut
3897:BL-1020
3810:ROD-188
3675:4-ACPAM
3670:3-APMPA
3537:BL-1020
3497:U-93631
3492:Thujone
3417:PWZ-029
3391:(i.e.,
3350:(e.g.,
3328:MRK-016
3308:Lindane
3260:(e.g.,
3241:(e.g.,
3231:(e.g.,
3100:(e.g.,
3078:β-EMGBL
2988:PHP-501
2924:(e.g.,
2895:(e.g.,
2873:ROD-188
2860:(e.g.,
2850:(e.g.,
2835:(e.g.,
2820:(e.g.,
2818:Phenols
2800:(e.g.,
2792:(e.g.,
2784:(e.g.,
2776:(e.g.,
2772:(e.g.,
2744:(e.g.,
2709:(e.g.,
2685:(e.g.,
2675:(e.g.,
2655:(e.g.,
2625:(e.g.,
2613:Bromide
2605:(e.g.,
2595:(e.g.,
2585:(e.g.,
2566:(e.g.,
2559:α-EMTBL
2529:borneol
2527:(e.g.,
2510:Taurine
2457:(e.g.,
2427:(e.g.,
2425:Lignans
2345:BL-1020
2332:(e.g.,
2049:Opioids
1940:Phenols
1778:8536556
1655:3 March
1180:30 June
1148:7762850
978: :
941:107 kPa
912: :
898: :
896:Density
880: :
805:of the
790:of the
698:) and (
678:. Like
670:) is a
570:168.038
535:Formula
368:DB01189
314:PubChem
173:)
167: (
165:N01AB07
105::
65:Suprane
6515:Ethers
6480:Portal
5975:Curare
5892:AQW051
5839:18-MAC
5795:UB-165
5605:GTS-21
5435:5-HIAA
5403:nAChRs
4923:Ginkgo
4813:7-TFQA
4660:αEMBTL
4253:β-AIBA
4037:KK-92A
3867:3-APPA
3635:ATHDOC
3189:DHEA-S
3028:1,3M1B
2760:Niacin
2721:kavain
2198:WHO-EM
2168:Others
1784:
1776:
1739:]
1713:]
1692:
1625:3 June
1596:
1555:
1547:
1499:
1491:
1444:
1415:
1391:
1364:
1337:
1310:
1285:
1277:
1232:
1205:
1154:
1146:
1070:Anvisa
886:(at 1
686:, and
603:SMILES
459:ChEMBL
428:D00546
228:℞-only
226:
213:
200:
101:
6363:(and
6345:Xenon
5844:18-MC
5823:(and
5419:(and
5287:NAGly
5260:GlyT2
5159:ACPPB
5147:GlyT1
5101:NMDAR
4839:Tutin
4809:7-TFQ
4805:7-CIQ
4630:Xenon
4576:gases
3927:GHBAL
3912:GABOB
3815:THDOC
3759:trans
3753:TPMPA
3728:P4MPA
3680:4-GBA
3562:GABOB
3288:IPTBO
3138:IPTBO
3073:β-CCP
3068:β-CCM
3063:β-CCE
3058:β-CCB
3018:Tutin
2922:gases
2754:THDOC
2370:GABOB
1921:Xenon
1782:S2CID
1758:Drugs
1748:(PDF)
1741:(PDF)
1735:[
1722:(PDF)
1715:(PDF)
1709:[
1553:S2CID
1497:S2CID
1283:S2CID
1152:S2CID
623:InChI
579:JSmol
439:ChEBI
388:38403
328:42113
6025:DHβE
5826:NAMs
5422:PAMs
5337:GABA
5114:here
5112:See
5090:Zinc
5053:PMBA
5045:and
4962:NBQX
4714:2-AG
4635:Zinc
4388:tert
4279:GABA
4228:GlyR
4145:GABA
4082:DAVA
4012:BSPP
4007:BHFF
3902:GABA
3844:GABA
3820:Zinc
3766:ZAPA
3713:I4AA
3698:DAVA
3605:TAMP
3600:TACA
3557:GABA
3547:CAMP
3542:CACA
3518:GABA
3502:Zinc
3487:TETS
3472:TBPS
3467:TBOB
3399:and
3214:EBOB
3209:DMPC
3204:DMCM
3184:DHEA
3159:CHEB
3144:BIDN
3134:TBPO
3130:TBPS
3048:α3IA
3033:3M2B
2717:Kava
2572:2M2B
2554:here
2545:ZAPA
2520:TAMP
2515:TACA
2360:GABA
2350:DAVA
2302:GABA
2279:GABA
1829:N01A
1774:PMID
1690:ISBN
1657:2023
1627:2015
1594:PMID
1545:PMID
1508:2011
1489:PMID
1442:PMID
1413:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1335:ISBN
1308:ISBN
1275:PMID
1230:ISBN
1203:ISBN
1182:2016
1144:PMID
1090:2023
958:0.42
797:and
792:GABA
694:of (
419:KEGG
399:UNII
348:7156
240:data
71:AHFS
3937:GVL
3932:GHV
3922:GHB
3917:GBL
3733:P4S
3686:cis
3452:SCS
2796:),
2788:),
2780:),
2485:P4S
1766:doi
1584:doi
1580:105
1535:doi
1531:114
1479:doi
1471:111
1265:doi
1134:doi
1028:or
976:MAC
915:168
888:atm
484:EPA
318:CID
170:WHO
6506::
5927:,
5908:,
5859:,
5855:,
5077:,
5073:,
5069:,
5031:,
5027:,
5023:,
5019:,
5015:,
5011:,
5007:,
5003:,
4989:,
4985:,
4981:,
4977:,
4973:,
4953:))
4949:,
4945:,
4941:,
4937:,
4929:,
4905:,
4901:,
4872:,
4868:,
4864:,
4860:,
4811:,
4807:,
4803:,
4799:,
4795:,
4716:,
4622:,
4618:,
4614:,
4610:,
4606:,
4602:,
4598:,
4594:,
4590:,
4586:,
4582:,
4564:,
4560:,
4556:,
4552:,
4548:,
4504:,
4500:,
4496:,
4492:,
4467:))
4424:,
4400:,
4396:,
4392:,
4385:,
4381:,
4377:,
3797:,
3522:-ρ
3395:,
3366:,
3362:,
3358:,
3354:,
3245:,
3136:,
3132:,
3108:,
3104:,
2940:,
2936:,
2932:,
2928:,
2804:))
2752:,
2748:,
2689:,
2570:,
2211::
1780:.
1772:.
1762:50
1760:.
1643:.
1592:.
1578:.
1574:.
1551:.
1543:.
1529:.
1525:.
1495:.
1487:.
1469:.
1463:.
1436:.
1424:^
1281:.
1273:.
1261:99
1259:.
1253:.
1173:.
1150:.
1142:.
1130:80
1128:.
1124:.
968:19
890:)
813:.
682:,
222:US
209:BR
202:S4
196:AU
130:AU
98:US
6482::
6391:)
6387:(
6367:)
5931:)
5912:)
5832:)
5651:)
5647:(
5428:)
5383:e
5376:t
5369:v
5339:A
5137:)
5133:(
5081:)
5049:)
5035:)
4993:)
4909:)
4876:)
4815:)
4720:)
4626:)
4574:/
4568:)
4508:)
4448:)
4428:)
4404:)
4324:L
4316:L
4308:L
4300:L
4272:D
4264:D
4218:)
4214:(
4191:e
4184:t
4177:v
4147:A
3846:B
3801:)
3793:(
3583:N
3520:A
3403:)
3370:)
3264:)
3249:)
3235:)
3140:)
3128:(
3112:)
2944:)
2920:/
2914:)
2899:)
2884:)
2864:)
2854:)
2839:)
2824:)
2756:)
2723:)
2713:)
2693:)
2679:)
2659:)
2629:)
2619:)
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2461:)
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2336:)
2304:A
2270:e
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696:R
666:(
581:)
558:O
555:6
552:F
549:2
546:H
543:3
540:C
486:)
482:(
224::
211::
198::
132::
73:/
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