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272:. The percentage of each metal in the alloy influences the characteristics of the resulting pipe. A high proportion of tin results in a slightly brighter colour (optical colour, not timbre). In addition, high amounts of tin give a gleaming and long-lasting polish, which may be desired if the pipe is clearly visible. The cost of each metal is also a factor, as tin is more expensive than lead. Cost considerations may also lead to the use of the inferior rolled
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616:. The pitch of a reed pipe is determined primarily by the length of the reed but the volume of air in the resonator supports that frequency. Most reed pipes have a slide to adjust the vibrating length of the reed to fine-tune it. Because of the precision required in the making of the vibrating reed, resonator pipe and its accompanying parts, reed pipes are more complicated to manufacture than flue pipes.
628:. Because the resonator is partially stopped/closed by the reed, odd-numbered partials/harmonics are dominant (in the hollow tones of Krumhorn and Clarinet stops, for example). If the resonator pipe expands outward to conical, the geometry allows the production of both even- and odd-numbered partials, resulting in the fuller tones of Trumpet and Oboe stops.
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diameter a diapason tone, and a pipe with a narrow diameter a string tone. A large diameter pipe will favor the fundamental tone and restrict high frequency harmonics, while a narrower diameter favors the high harmonics and suppresses the fundamental. The science of measuring and deciding upon pipe diameters is referred to as
430:. However, when such a commanding tone is desired but it is impossible to mount an en chamade on the case, a hooded reed is used. This type of pipe stands vertically and has a 90-degree bend at the top which acts to project the sound outward in the same way an en chamade does, but can be placed in the interior of an organ.
356:. Three Wilhelmy glass ranks exist in the United States, two in a private collection in West Virginia and one in a private collection in Virginia. The image at left shows the Wilhelmy American Flag Glass Pipe Organ that was created as a part of a Memorial Proposal for Ground Zero after the events of September 11, 2001.
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higher. If the longest pipe, C, is 8 feet (2.4 m) in length, the pipe one octave higher will be 4 feet (1.2 m) long, and two octaves above (middle C) will be 2 feet (0.61 m) long. A closed (stopped) pipe produces a sound one octave lower than an open pipe. For example, a stopped pipe 4
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The pitch produced by an organ pipe is determined in two fundamentally different ways. For a reed pipe it is determined mainly by the mechanical properties of the reed and the length of the protruding part. For the flue pipes it is determined by the shape of the air column inside the pipe and whether
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under the window is large enough, the airstream is pulled under the Labium lip. Then the process works in reverse, with a low pressure region forming over the Labium which pulls the airstream to the other side again. This 'fluttering' airflow creates high and low pressure waves within the pipe's air
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The body of a wooden pipe can be made of either a coniferous wood (softwood) or hardwood, although the lower section of the pipe (comprising the metal foot (on some pipes), cap, block and mouth) will nearly always be made from hardwood to provide a precise edge for the pipe's mouth. Using screws and
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The different sounds of these tonal families of pipes arise from their individual construction. The tone of a flue pipe is affected by the size and shape of the pipes as well as the material out of which it is made. A pipe with a wide diameter will tend to produce a flute tone, a pipe with a medium
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instigates the vibration instead of a reed. Possessing a powerful bass groundtone, the pipe is generally made of wood and can be voiced at various wind pressures. The diaphone is usually found at 16' and 32' pitches, however there are a few examples of 8' diaphones. There are two 32' Diaphones in
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stop is said to sound at "unison pitch": the keys on the organ console produce the expected pitch (e.g. the key for middle C causes a middle C pipe to speak), like a piano. In a rank of stopped pipes, the lowest pipe is 4 feet in length but sounds at unison pitch—that is, at the same pitch as an
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By altering any of several parameters (including the shape and volume of the resonator, as well as the thickness and shape of the reed), a reed pipe can produce a wide variety of tonal colors. This allows reed stops to imitate historical musical instruments, such as the
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the column is open at the end. For those pipes the pitch is a function of its length, the wavelength of the sound produced by an open pipe being approximately twice its length. A pipe half the length of another will sound one
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The nomenclature of a rank of pipes is based on the size of an open pipe that would produce the same pitch, regardless of the type or size of the actual pipes in the rank. For example, a rank of open pipes labeled as
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glue, the pipes are assembled from wooden pieces of various shapes and sizes. In contrast with the circular cross-section of a metal pipe, the cross-section of a wooden pipe is most commonly square or rectangular.
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and soldered together. Thus, the cross-section of a metal pipe is usually circular. The low melting point, solderability and malleability of the organ metal makes the construction of pipes relatively easy.
423:, produces a tone with odd-numbered partials. The tone of a stopped pipe tends to be gentler and sweeter than that of an open pipe, though this is largely at the discretion of the voicer.
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at 32' and 16' pitches with huge wooden resonators as extensions of its
Diaphonic diapason, and at 16' with metal resonators as an extension of its smaller-scale Open diapason. The
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The
Diaphone pipes are used for the bottom 12 or 18 notes of the 16' Diapason rank, and also for its bottom 32' octave, on those few Theatre Organs that go that low.
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604:(the reed). A partial vacuum is created by higher velocity air flowing under the reed which causes it to be pulled closed against a hard surface called the
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around 1900, it has characteristics of both flue pipes and reed pipes. The pipe speaks through a resonator, much like a reed pipe, but a spring-loaded
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Certain organ pipes are also mounted horizontally in the shape of a trumpet horn so as to project the sound farther. These pipes are known as
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stop. Reed pipes are also labeled the same as that of an open pipe with the same pitch, regardless of the actual length of the pipe.
400:: that is, it can be made to be wider at the bottom than at the top. The internal shape of the pipe is a major factor in tone color.
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alloy onto a long flat surface. Once the metal cools, it is cut into pieces, which are then rolled into shapes around molds called
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562:) sound of an organ is composed of varying combinations of these three tonal groups, depending upon the particular organ and the
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The bodies of organ pipes are generally made in three shapes: cylindrical, conical, or rectangular. Cylindrical pipes are simple
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is a unique organ pipe. Uncommon in church and concert pipe organs, they are quite common in
Theatre Organs. Invented by
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cross-section when viewed from above. There are some irregular shapes as well: the Flûte triangulaire, for example, has a
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especially for the lower tones that take a lot of material. In addition, pipes have been made of many metals, including
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The sound of a flue pipe is produced with no moving parts, solely from the vibration of air, in the same manner as a
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extends above this assembly and reinforces the sound produced. The principle is the same as that of the orchestral
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of the same length. Also, such an open pipe produces a tone in which both the even-numbered and the odd-numbered
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feet (1.2 m) long will produce the same pitch as an open pipe 8 feet long: two octaves below middle C.
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also developed a metal diaphone at 16' pitch known as a
Magnaton. Due to its penetrating tone, a
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cross-section when viewed from above. In addition, a cylindrical or rectangular pipe can be
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The end of the pipe opposite the reed or mouth may be either open or closed (also known as
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column. A high and a low pressure wave form a single "cycle" of the pipe's tone. (See
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Hope-Jones also developed an imitative version of the diaphone called the
151:. Wood and metal pipes of a variety of sizes are shown in this photograph.
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this produces a lower pressure region just below the window. When the
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458:(pronounced "eight-foot") would have a pipe for C two octaves below
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with a uniform cross-section sounds an octave lower than a similar
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Flue pipes generally belong to one of three tonal families:
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The choir division of the organ at St. Raphael's
Cathedral,
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71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
594:The sound of a reed pipe is produced by a beating
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687:built a version of the diaphonic horn for their
498:A set of flute pipes of a diapason rank in the
738:"World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition"
171:when pressurized air (commonly referred to as
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600:: wind is directed towards a curved piece of
419:are present, while a stopped pipe, such as a
204:Organ pipes are generally made out of either
183:comprising the complete scale is known as a
340:The Wilhelmy American Flag Glass Pipe Organ
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131:Learn how and when to remove this message
1922:Musical instrument parts and accessories
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306:Metal pipes are generally made by first
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638:"Free reeds" in the "Reed pipe" article
462:that is approximately 8 feet long. An 8
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344:Glass pipes have been created using
159:is a sound-producing element of the
69:adding citations to reliable sources
40:
554:. The basic "foundation" (from the
238:historical organ in the Philippines
24:
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440:Organ stop § Pitch and length
187:; one or more ranks constitutes a
179:. A set of organ pipes of similar
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471:open pipe—so it is known as an 8
252:Metal pipes are usually made of
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667:Boardwalk Hall Auditorium Organ
256:; for increased rigidity it is
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56:needs additional citations for
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636:These are quite uncommon; see
240:has pipes made exclusively of
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264:along with trace amounts of
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36:Organ Pipes (disambiguation)
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380:. Rectangular pipes form
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1550:Chinese folk flute music
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27:Musical instrument part
699:has also been used in
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236:pipes may be seen. A
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34:. For other uses, see
1917:Pipe organ components
1295:Native American flute
524:Bernoulli's principle
497:
438:Further information:
384:shapes with either a
367:
339:
146:
1555:List of compositions
693:Austin Organ Company
65:improve this article
32:Stenocereus thurberi
30:For the cactus, see
1813:Trompette militaire
1684:Combination action
924:Simple system flute
763:"Pipe Construction"
1866:Historical Society
1534:Shepherd's whistle
713:Tibia (organ pipe)
703:and fire signals.
697:diaphone-type horn
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370:
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1693:Tubular-pneumatic
1688:Electro-pneumatic
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1398:Soprano (descant)
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1007:Double contrabass
654:Robert Hope-Jones
368:Organ pipe shapes
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16:(Redirected from
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1663:Expression pedal
1643:Eight-foot pitch
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765:. Archived from
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409:closed flue pipe
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1658:Crescendo pedal
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504:Sofia, Bulgaria
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857:Five-key flute
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681:diaphonic horn
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1270:Hydraulophone
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1036:Anasazi flute
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1002:Subcontrabass
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977:Flûte d'amour
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769:on 2019-03-03
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744:on 2013-10-05
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580:of the pipe.
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350:stained glass
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177:musical scale
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149:Dubuque, Iowa
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82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
1818:Voix céleste
1808:Registration
1778:Tibia Clausa
1709:
1625:Construction
1475:Willow flute
1299:
1103:Nose whistle
771:. Retrieved
767:the original
757:
746:. Retrieved
742:the original
732:
680:
678:
675:
657:
649:
647:
635:
618:
605:
595:
593:
577:
573:pipe scaling
571:
568:
559:
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547:
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539:
537:
519:
509:
500:Schuke organ
452:
443:
425:
404:
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397:
371:
343:
326:
310:the desired
305:
289:electroplate
251:
230:Papier-mâché
203:
195:Construction
184:
172:
156:
154:
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
80:"Organ pipe"
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
1828:Zimbelstern
1612:Pipe organs
1408:Voice flute
1350:Tin whistle
1290:Low whistle
1225:Almpfeiferl
992:Contra-alto
909:Irish flute
904:Glass flute
428:en chamades
390:rectangular
1911:Categories
1881:Repertoire
1851:Fairground
1823:Vox humana
1798:Ophicleide
1718:En chamade
1428:Contrabass
1423:Great bass
1345:Tabor pipe
1300:Organ pipe
1093:Nose flute
1066:Shakuhachi
997:Contrabass
773:2019-03-13
748:2013-10-04
724:References
584:Reed pipes
564:literature
548:principals
484:Flue pipes
394:triangular
346:warm glass
232:, or even
161:pipe organ
157:organ pipe
91:newspapers
1871:Portative
1803:Plein-jeu
1675:Swell box
1670:Tremulant
1560:Tone hole
1514:Molinukai
1393:Sopranino
1380:Recorders
1330:SpilĂĄpipa
1315:Sjøfløyte
1255:Flageolet
1235:Dentsivka
1230:Atenteben
1012:Hyperbass
867:Kagurabue
718:Tone hole
685:Wurlitzer
610:resonator
590:Reed pipe
544:diapasons
490:Flue pipe
479:Varieties
413:open pipe
374:cylinders
282:aluminium
218:porcelain
200:Materials
165:resonates
1876:Positive
1633:Builders
1497:Gemshorn
1470:Koncovka
1452:Overtone
1388:Garklein
1325:Souravli
1305:Salamuri
1245:Dvoyanka
1173:Larchemi
1110:Pinkillu
1098:Kalaleng
1061:Hotchiku
1046:Floghera
892:Shinobue
819:whistles
707:See also
701:foghorns
650:diaphone
622:krumhorn
614:clarinet
512:recorder
460:middle C
417:partials
316:mandrels
266:antimony
121:May 2021
1891:Theatre
1793:Mixture
1788:Gedackt
1768:Bourdon
1733:Voicing
1728:Scaling
1680:Tracker
1638:Console
1524:Tonette
1519:Ocarina
1465:Kalyuka
1370:Zuffolo
1360:Whistle
1335:Stabule
1250:Flabiol
1198:Soinari
1188:Paixiao
1168:Kuvytsi
1145:Washint
1135:Ĺ upelka
1130:Sopilka
972:Concert
967:Soprano
957:Piccolo
949:Concert
897:Yokobue
887:Ryūteki
877:Minteki
872:Komabue
842:Daegeum
837:Bansuri
624:or the
606:shallot
552:strings
550:), and
516:whistle
421:gedackt
405:stopped
398:tapered
308:casting
258:alloyed
222:plastic
105:scholar
1861:German
1856:French
1841:Barrel
1783:Cornet
1745:Tuning
1653:Pedals
1648:Manual
1502:Pifana
1489:Vessel
1460:Fujara
1365:Xirula
1355:Txistu
1265:Fujara
1217:Fipple
1183:Miskal
1140:Svirel
1125:Sodina
1083:KĹŤauau
1051:Frilka
962:Treble
929:Tambin
882:Nohkan
815:Flutes
658:pallet
556:French
540:flutes
528:vacuum
520:Labium
447:octave
386:square
382:cuboid
360:Shapes
299:, and
293:silver
278:copper
270:copper
242:bamboo
181:timbre
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
1896:Water
1886:Shoes
1846:Crawl
1773:Tibia
1755:Stops
1710:Pipes
1565:Uakti
1543:Other
1413:Tenor
1340:Tarka
1285:Kuisi
1280:Khlui
1275:Khloy
1260:Frula
1240:Diple
1120:Quray
1078:Kaval
1041:Danso
1028:blown
939:Xindi
914:Koudi
829:blown
827:Side-
626:regal
602:brass
578:scale
560:fonds
558:term
522:. By
514:or a
434:Pitch
407:). A
332:Glass
297:brass
260:with
248:Metal
234:stone
226:paper
214:glass
206:metal
169:pitch
163:that
112:JSTOR
98:books
1759:List
1740:Reed
1723:Flue
1698:Stop
1616:list
1418:Bass
1310:Shvi
1193:Siku
1150:Xiao
1115:Qina
1073:Gudi
1026:End-
987:Bass
982:Alto
934:Venu
852:Fife
847:Dizi
817:and
648:The
597:reed
546:(or
378:cone
348:and
323:Wood
312:lead
301:iron
286:gold
274:zinc
268:and
254:lead
210:wood
189:stop
185:rank
173:wind
84:news
1529:Xun
1509:Hun
1203:Wot
1178:Nai
1160:Pan
1088:Ney
1056:Fue
919:Sáo
862:Fue
673:.
669:in
535:.)
502:in
388:or
262:tin
208:or
155:An
67:by
1913::
640:.
542:,
303:.
295:,
291:,
284:,
280:,
244:.
228:,
224:,
220:,
216:,
191:.
1761:)
1757:(
1618:)
1614:(
1604:e
1597:t
1590:v
807:e
800:t
793:v
776:.
751:.
506:.
473:′
469:′
467:8
464:′
456:′
454:8
134:)
128:(
123:)
119:(
109:·
102:·
95:·
88:·
61:.
38:.
20:)
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