22:
133:
1230:
1218:
1206:
279:
who was wrongfully convicted of killing his son. This occurred because there had been a rumour that the murder was fueled by Calas' son conversion to
Catholicism. David de Beaudrige, who was in charge of the case, upon hearing this rumour, had the Calas family arrested without inquiry. Voltaire used
220:
is structured in the tradition of Bayle, Diderot and d'Alembert – that is to say, alphabetically ordered. Although this order helps readers more easily find articles, this was not meant to be a dictionary or encyclopaedia in the same totalizing way of d'Alembert's project. Voltaire's writing is
263:
is
Voltaire's visit to England, which gave him the opportunity to compare the problems in France with a place that had free press and to become better acquainted with important and influential thinkers such as Locke and Newton. Newtonian theory is influential in many of the articles that deal with
191:
at a later point in time, Voltaire saw that there were certain problems with previous dictionaries, chiefly that they were all lengthy, and thus very expensive and inaccessible for much of the population. Voltaire sought to create a text which would fit in one's pocket and be affordable because
255:
Because this work was written late in the author's life, coupled with the fact that it is compiled of articles written over an extended period of time, the work had many influences, which noticeably change, depending on the theme which the article addresses.
296:
at the time was mixed. On one hand, the book saw a very strong reception on the part of the general public. The first edition was quickly sold out; many more editions were needed to keep up with the demand. Enlightened rulers such as
482:
Arrest de la cour de
Parlement, qui condamne deux Libelles (...): Dictionnaire Philosophique portatif; (...) Lettres Ă©crites de la Montagne, par Jean-Jacques Rousseau (...). Extrait des registres du Parlement. Du 19 Mars
203:
in 1752, during which he and other guests each agreed to write an article and share them the next morning. Voltaire consequently was the only guest to take the game seriously and the idea cascaded to form the
328:) and France. In these countries, all available copies of the book were collected and burned in the town square. Voltaire, who remained an anonymous author, was repeatedly asked if he minded that the
237:. In this and other works, Voltaire is very concerned about the injustices of the Catholic Church, which he sees as intolerant and fanatical. At the same time, his work espouses
934:
21:
804:
192:"revolutionary material must be small enough for people to carry with them". What he created is a text which educated and amused at the same time.
366:
92:
during
Voltaire's lifetime, but only four of them contained additions and modifications. Furthermore, another work published in 1770,
1270:
615:
Dictionnaire philosophique, portatif. Nouvelle edition. Avec des notes; Beaucoup plus correcte & plus ample que les précédentes
180:. Having witnessed first-hand the popularity and many advantages of this form, Voltaire used this information while preparing the
927:
166:, in which the information is ordered alphabetically. Other important works using a similar structure followed, such as the
73:. It was 344 pages and consisted of 73 articles. Later versions were expanded into two volumes consisting of 120 articles.
1285:
1265:
748:
1260:
158:
607:
Dictionnaire philosophique, portatif. Nouvelle édition, Revue, corrigée, & augmentée de divers
Articles par l'Auteur
715:
895:
867:
629:
Dictionnaire philosophique, portatif. Sixieme
Edition revue, corrigée & augmentée de XXXIV. Articles par l'Auteur
562:
1280:
320:
was despised by religious authorities, who had a very important influence over what works were to be censored. The
874:
1250:
860:
264:
tolerance stating that if we "do not know the essence of things we will not persecute others", for those things.
1275:
1133:
1071:
591:
411:
659:
1255:
1196:
1151:
941:
846:
832:
177:
1050:
839:
1165:
1140:
1029:
959:
881:
44:
233:
Many of the themes addressed by
Voltaire in this book are addressed or touched upon in his work
762:
741:
708:
1036:
1057:
818:
56:
1064:
987:
973:
966:
199:
can be seen as serendipitous. The idea was spawned at a dinner party in the court of Prince
1078:
783:
769:
145:
48:
669:
8:
1145:
1008:
306:
298:
200:
675:
650:
646:
522:
67:, and other institutions. The first edition, released in June 1764, went by the name of
684:
538:
533:
302:
1085:
132:
1210:
701:
643:
La Raison par
Alphabet. Sixiéme édition, revue, corrigée & augmentée par l'Auteur
558:
221:
neither objective nor varied in opinion; the same arguments are made throughout the
1181:
980:
790:
397:
325:
112:
was a lifelong project for
Voltaire. It represents the culmination of his views on
1172:
1159:
636:
632:
622:
618:
605:
596:
480:
994:
168:
100:
1109:
1015:
888:
310:
1128:
853:
104:
always in alphabetical order, led many following editors to join this and the
1244:
1222:
797:
551:
398:"Le Dictionnaire philosophique: œuvre "à part entière" ou "fatras de prose"?"
173:
776:
1234:
625:, Amsterdam, chez Varberg, 1765 (considered by Voltaire the fifth edition).
332:
was being burned, but he calmly replied that he had no reason to be upset.
163:
113:
149:
1229:
920:
268:
247:, contrary to its modern meaning), tolerance and freedom of the press.
1092:
276:
85:
1022:
84:, Voltaire chose Grasset over his usual publisher to ensure his own
1001:
913:
724:
121:
52:
55:
in 1764. The alphabetically arranged articles often criticize the
811:
60:
1043:
548:
243:
77:
755:
271:
was an event that shaped
Voltaire during the creation of the
238:
64:
16:
Work by French philosopher Voltaire, first published in 1764
693:
153:
587:
Of the many editions just four of them present additions:
531:
369:
for an accurate list. Many books can be consulted on-line.
98:, which contained reshaped and modified articles from the
117:
324:
was censored in many countries, including Switzerland (
80:
by Gabriel Grasset. Due to the volatile content of the
1194:
140:. 2nd ed., London: Printed for J. and H.L. Hunt, 1824
313:both have been recorded as supporters of the book.
184:in 1752, although it was not completed until 1764.
550:
549:Orieux, Jean; Barbara Bray; Helen R. Lane (1979).
537:
520:
494:
492:
76:The first editions were published anonymously in
1242:
440:
438:
382:, Garzanti Editore, 1981, p. 2. See them in the
935:Épître à l'Auteur du Livre des Trois Imposteurs
574:Voltaire Almighty: A Life in Pursuit of Freedom
156:. The first work to employ this method was the
108:(plus other minor works) in a unique opus. The
88:. There were many editions and reprints of the
489:
414:for an italian translation with missing notes.
709:
435:
148:saw the creation of a new way of structuring
395:
93:
68:
30:
805:Essai sur les mœurs et l'esprit des nations
716:
702:
679:from the French of M. de Voltaire Volume 3
225:emphasizing the point of his discontent.
516:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
514:Voltaire's Politics: The Poet as Realist
187:Having had the opportunity to write his
131:
20:
571:
453:Voltaire (translated by Gay), pp. 14–15
347:Voltaire (translated by Gay), pp. 29–30
195:Voltaire's motivations for writing the
1243:
557:. Garden City: Doubleday and Company.
284:to fight against the Catholic Church.
127:
697:
749:Elements of the Philosophy of Newton
664:12 Volumes in English from Gutenberg
598:Dictionnaire philosophique, portatif
511:
471:Voltaire (translated by Gay), p. 30
444:Voltaire (translated by Gay), p. 56
383:
159:Dictionnaire Historique et Critique
70:Dictionnaire philosophique portatif
13:
14:
1297:
928:Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne
582:
259:The first major influence on the
1271:Criticism of the Catholic Church
1228:
1216:
1204:
861:The Historical Praise of Reason
544:. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
504:
474:
465:
456:
447:
426:
417:
389:
372:
359:
350:
341:
1:
875:Des singularités de la nature
527:. New York: Basic Books, Inc.
335:
250:
868:Précis du siècle de Louis XV
723:
521:Voltaire; Peter Gay (1962).
287:
211:
95:Questions sur l'Encyclopédie
7:
1286:Works published anonymously
1266:Encyclopedias of philosophy
10:
1302:
1261:18th-century encyclopedias
1152:Complete Works of Voltaire
1134:Institut et Musée Voltaire
1072:Don Pèdre, roi de Castille
847:Questions sur les Miracles
833:Commentaires sur Corneille
826:Dictionnaire philosophique
677:A Philosophical Dictionary
670:Dictionnaire philosophique
661:A Philosophical Dictionary
138:A Philosophical Dictionary
33:Dictionnaire philosophique
1121:
1102:
951:
905:
731:
228:
896:Les Dialogues d’Evhémère
687:Philosophical Dictionary
540:Philosophical Dictionary
524:Philosophical Dictionary
322:Philosophical Dictionary
318:Philosophical Dictionary
294:Philosophical Dictionary
282:Philosophical Dictionary
273:Philosophical Dictionary
261:Philosophical Dictionary
223:Philosophical Dictionary
218:Philosophical Dictionary
206:Philosophical Dictionary
197:Philosophical Dictionary
182:Philosophical Dictionary
40:Philosophical Dictionary
1281:Books critical of Islam
1166:The Friends of Voltaire
1030:La princesse de Navarre
882:The Man of Forty Crowns
576:. New York: Bloomsbury.
572:Pearson, Roger (2005).
316:On the other hand, the
201:Frederick II of Prussia
45:encyclopedic dictionary
1251:1764 non-fiction books
1051:L'Orphelin de la Chine
763:History of Charles XII
742:Letters on the English
384:external links section
141:
94:
69:
31:
26:
1058:La Femme qui a Raison
819:Treatise on Tolerance
396:Marc Hersant (2009).
380:Dizionario filosofico
292:The reception of the
135:
57:Roman Catholic Church
24:
1276:Criticism of Judaism
784:Annals of the Empire
770:The Age of Louis XIV
681:(London: Hunt, 1824)
241:(though he calls it
124:and other subjects.
25:The author, Voltaire
1146:Voltaire Foundation
942:The Maid of Orleans
840:Idées républicaines
689:(Project Gutenberg)
512:Gay, Peter (1959).
275:. Jean Calas was a
128:History and origins
1141:Émilie du Châtelet
974:HĂ©rode et Mariamne
534:Theodore Besterman
280:this theme in the
142:
27:
1256:Works by Voltaire
1192:
1191:
47:published by the
1293:
1233:
1232:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1182:Passionate Minds
718:
711:
704:
695:
694:
639:, Londres, 1767.
577:
568:
556:
545:
543:
528:
517:
499:
496:
487:
478:
472:
469:
463:
460:
454:
451:
445:
442:
433:
430:
424:
421:
415:
409:
393:
387:
376:
370:
363:
357:
356:Pearson, p. 298.
354:
348:
345:
97:
72:
36:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1160:Ferney-Voltaire
1117:
1098:
947:
901:
733:
727:
722:
609:, Londres, 1765
600:, Londres, 1764
585:
580:
565:
507:
502:
497:
490:
479:
475:
470:
466:
461:
457:
452:
448:
443:
436:
432:Pearson, p. 298
431:
427:
422:
418:
394:
390:
377:
373:
364:
360:
355:
351:
346:
342:
338:
290:
253:
231:
214:
178:Jean d'Alembert
130:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1299:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1238:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1170:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
963:
955:
953:
949:
948:
946:
945:
938:
931:
924:
917:
909:
907:
903:
902:
900:
899:
892:
889:The White Bull
885:
878:
871:
864:
857:
850:
843:
836:
829:
822:
815:
808:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
745:
737:
735:
729:
728:
721:
720:
713:
706:
698:
692:
691:
682:
673:
667:Extracts from
665:
656:
655:
654:
653:, s. l., 1769.
640:
626:
612:
594:
584:
583:External links
581:
579:
578:
569:
563:
546:
529:
518:
508:
506:
503:
501:
500:
498:Orieux, p. 409
488:
473:
464:
462:Orieux, p. 351
455:
446:
434:
425:
416:
388:
371:
358:
349:
339:
337:
334:
289:
286:
252:
249:
230:
227:
213:
210:
129:
126:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1298:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
996:
992:
990:
989:
985:
983:
982:
978:
976:
975:
971:
969:
968:
964:
962:
961:
957:
956:
954:
950:
944:
943:
939:
936:
932:
930:
929:
925:
922:
918:
916:
915:
911:
910:
908:
904:
898:
897:
893:
891:
890:
886:
884:
883:
879:
877:
876:
872:
870:
869:
865:
862:
858:
856:
855:
851:
849:
848:
844:
842:
841:
837:
835:
834:
830:
828:
827:
823:
821:
820:
816:
814:
813:
809:
806:
802:
800:
799:
798:Doctor Akakia
795:
792:
791:Plato's Dream
788:
786:
785:
781:
779:
778:
774:
772:
771:
767:
765:
764:
760:
758:
757:
753:
751:
750:
746:
744:
743:
739:
738:
736:
730:
726:
719:
714:
712:
707:
705:
700:
699:
696:
690:
688:
683:
680:
678:
674:
672:
671:
666:
663:
662:
657:
652:
648:
644:
641:
638:
634:
630:
627:
624:
620:
616:
613:
610:
608:
604:
603:
601:
599:
595:
592:
590:
589:
588:
575:
570:
566:
564:9780385085670
560:
555:
554:
547:
542:
541:
535:
530:
526:
525:
519:
515:
510:
509:
495:
493:
485:
484:
477:
468:
459:
450:
441:
439:
429:
420:
413:
407:
403:
399:
392:
385:
381:
375:
368:
362:
353:
344:
340:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
285:
283:
278:
274:
270:
265:
262:
257:
248:
246:
245:
240:
236:
226:
224:
219:
209:
207:
202:
198:
193:
190:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
147:
146:Enlightenment
139:
134:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
102:
96:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
71:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:Enlightenment
46:
42:
41:
35:
34:
23:
19:
1185:(2006 novel)
1180:
1173:
1164:
1150:
1110:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
979:
972:
965:
958:
940:
926:
912:
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
852:
845:
838:
831:
825:
824:
817:
810:
796:
782:
775:
768:
761:
754:
747:
740:
686:
676:
668:
660:
642:
628:
614:
606:
597:
586:
573:
552:
539:
523:
513:
505:Bibliography
481:
476:
467:
458:
449:
428:
419:
405:
401:
391:
379:
374:
361:
352:
343:
329:
321:
317:
315:
307:Catherine II
299:Frederick II
293:
291:
281:
272:
269:Calas affair
266:
260:
258:
254:
242:
234:
232:
222:
217:
215:
205:
196:
194:
188:
186:
181:
169:Encyclopédie
167:
164:Pierre Bayle
157:
143:
137:
114:Christianity
110:Dictionnaire
109:
106:Dictionnaire
105:
101:Encyclopédie
99:
90:Dictionnaire
89:
82:Dictionnaire
81:
75:
39:
38:
32:
28:
18:
1177:(1933 film)
1169:(1906 book)
1129:Les DĂ©lices
685:Voltaire's
423:Gay, p. 207
410:. See also
150:information
1245:Categories
1211:Philosophy
1079:Sophonisbe
921:Le Mondain
777:Micromégas
532:Voltaire;
402:Littérales
378:Voltaire,
336:References
251:Influences
189:Dictionary
162:(1697) by
136:Voltaire;
1093:Agathocle
1037:SĂ©miramis
658:Voltaire
288:Reception
277:Calvinist
212:Structure
86:anonymity
1174:Voltaire
1065:Tancrède
1009:Socrates
1002:La Prude
988:Ériphyle
967:Artémire
914:Henriade
854:L'Ingénu
725:Voltaire
553:Voltaire
536:(1971).
408:: 21–32.
330:Portatif
235:L'Infame
122:morality
53:Voltaire
51:thinker
43:) is an
1197:Portals
1122:Related
1113:(opera)
1016:Mahomet
960:Oedipus
812:Candide
303:Prussia
174:Diderot
61:Judaism
1223:France
1111:Samson
1044:Nanine
1023:MĂ©rope
981:Brutus
906:Poetry
651:vol. 2
647:vol. 1
637:vol. 2
633:vol. 1
623:vol. 2
619:vol. 1
561:
326:Geneva
311:Russia
244:theism
229:Themes
78:Geneva
1235:Books
1103:Other
1086:Irène
995:ZaĂŻre
952:Drama
756:Zadig
734:works
732:Prose
239:deism
154:books
65:Islam
559:ISBN
483:1765
412:here
367:here
365:See
305:and
267:The
216:The
176:and
144:The
29:The
309:of
301:of
172:by
152:in
118:God
1247::
649:,
645:,
635:,
631:,
621:,
617:,
602:.
491:^
437:^
406:49
404:.
400:.
208:.
120:,
116:,
63:,
59:,
1199::
937:"
933:"
923:"
919:"
863:"
859:"
807:"
803:"
793:"
789:"
717:e
710:t
703:v
611:.
593:.
567:.
486:.
386:.
37:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_en_1718_-_P208_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_-_2.jpg)
