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or heat. However, these techniques are still in active development. As of June 30, 2010, many patents claiming to effectively achieve the conversion of sodium metaborate to sodium borohydride have been investigated but none have been confirmed—the current efficiency of "boron hydride recycling"
31:
as a fuel and either air/oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. DBFCs are relatively new types of fuel cells which are currently in the developmental stage and are attractive due to their high operating potential in relation to other type of fuel cells. Recently, DBFCs that rival
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with water heated by the fuel cell. This hydrogen can either be piped out to the exhaust or piped to a conventional hydrogen fuel cell. Either fuel cell will produce water, and the water can be recycled to allow for higher concentrations of
362:
Suzanne w. Linehan; Arthur a. Chin; Nathan t. Allen; Robert
Butterick; Nathan t. Kendall; i. Leo Klawiter; Francis j. Lipiecki; Dean m. Millar; David c. Molzahn; Samuel j. November; Puja Jain; Sara Nadeau; Scott Mancroni (2010).
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Wang, Zhongyang; Parrondo, Javier; He, Cheng; Sankarasubramanian, Shrihari; Ramani, Vijay (April 2019). "Efficient pH-gradient-enabled microscale bipolar interfaces in direct borohydride fuel cells".
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Amendola S.C., Onnerud P., Kelly M., Petillo P., Sharp-Goldman S. L and Binder M. (1999) ‘A novel high power density borohydride-air cell’, J. Power
Sources, 84, pp. 130–133.
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Choudhury, N.A.; Raman, R.K.; Sampath, S.; Shukla, A.K. An alkaline direct borohydride fuel cell with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. J. Power
Sources 2005, 143, 1-8.
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back into sodium borohydride fuel by several different techniques, some of which might theoretically require nothing more than water and
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More importantly, the process of creating electricity via a DBFC is not easily reversible. For example, after sodium borohydride (NaBH
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Advanced
Chemical Hydride-Based Fuel Cell Systems For Portable Military Applications, Protonex Technology Corporation (2006)
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Mass production projected prices for the fuel are as low as US$ 5/kg, rivalling the cost of hydrocarbon fuels.
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179:) needed in a stack to achieve a desired rated voltage and thus reduces the stack costs considerably.
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DBFCs could be produced more cheaply than a traditional fuel cell because they do not need expensive
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The working temperature of a direct sodium borohydride fuel cell is 70 °C (158 °F).
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systems as a means of storing hydrogen. The hydrogen can be regenerated for a fuel cell by
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of the borohydride with water, including successful hydration with synthetic urine:
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Ma, Choudhury, Sahai - A comprehensive review of direct borohydride fuel cells
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Unfortunately, DBFCs do produce some hydrogen from a side reaction of NaBH
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175:. The high operating voltage of a DBFC reduces the number of cells (in a
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seems to be well below 1% which is unsuitable for recharging a vehicle.
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369:
Department of Energy Center of
Excellence on Chemical Hydrogen Storage
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Final Report: Electrochemical
Hydrogen Storage Systems, MacDonald 2010
203:) has released its hydrogen and has been oxidized, the product is NaBO
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in peak power but operating at double the voltage have been reported.
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Sodium borohydride has been used with more conventional hydrogen
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365:"Low-Cost Precursors to Novel Hydrogen Storage Materials"
86:and even producing slightly higher energy yields:
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78:Direct borohydride fuel cells decompose and
34:proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)
171:catalysts. In addition, they have a higher
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82:the borohydride directly, side-stepping
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460:Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell
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603:Unitized regenerative fuel cell
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211:). Sodium metaborate might be
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598:Solid oxide electrolyzer cell
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19:(DBFCs) are a subcategory of
17:Direct borohydride fuel cells
481:Direct borohydride fuel cell
135:The simplified reaction is:
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568:Membrane electrode assembly
511:Reformed methanol fuel cell
238:Glossary of fuel cell terms
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588:Protonic ceramic fuel cell
558:Electro-galvanic fuel cell
450:Molten carbonate fuel cell
23:which are directly fed by
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578:Photoelectrochemical cell
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496:Direct methanol fuel cell
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455:Phosphoric acid fuel cell
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300:10.1038/s41560-019-0330-5
583:Proton-exchange membrane
491:Direct-ethanol fuel cell
573:Membraneless Fuel Cells
506:Metal hydride fuel cell
486:Direct carbon fuel cell
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593:Regenerative fuel cell
532:Enzymatic biofuel cell
101:O + 8e → 8OH (E = +0.4
501:Formic acid fuel cell
465:Solid oxide fuel cell
123:O + 8e (E = -1.24 V)
29:potassium borohydride
537:Microbial fuel cell
292:2019NatEn...4..281W
84:hydrogen production
21:alkaline fuel cells
445:Alkaline fuel cell
25:sodium borohydride
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209:sodium metaborate
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516:Zinc–air battery
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183:Disadvantages
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53:decomposition
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563:Flow battery
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213:hydrogenated
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115:+ 8OH → NaBO
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553:Blue energy
217:electricity
672:Fuel cells
431:Fuel cells
244:References
163:Advantages
316:139154235
308:2058-7546
50:catalytic
46:fuel cell
40:Chemistry
666:Category
651:Glossary
615:Hydrogen
232:See also
169:platinum
129:= +1.64V
67:O → NaBO
638:Vehicle
633:Storage
628:Station
623:Economy
474:By fuel
385:1022594
288:Bibcode
127:Total E
91:Cathode
80:oxidize
546:Others
383:
314:
306:
147:→ NaBO
111:: NaBH
312:S2CID
109:Anode
381:OSTI
304:ISSN
224:Cost
192:NaBH
151:+ 2H
143:+ 2O
139:NaBH
119:+ 6H
97:+ 4H
93:: 2O
71:+ 4H
63:+ 2H
59:NaBH
373:doi
296:doi
27:or
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270:^
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423:e
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207:(
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121:2
117:2
113:4
105:)
103:V
99:2
95:2
73:2
69:2
65:2
61:4
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