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150:. After capturing the fort and slaying nearly all his prisoners, Menéndez hung their bodies on trees, with the inscription, "Not as Frenchmen but as Lutherans." The massacre aroused indignation in France among Protestants and Catholics alike. The French king sent complaints to the Spanish court, but Menéndez and his associates, instead of being punished for the deed, received rewards and honors.
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Embittered by the cruelty and indignity that he had suffered from the
Spaniards, de Gourgue determined to avenge the murder of his Protestant compatriots, though he was himself a Catholic. He sold everything he had and borrowed money from his brother Antoine to recruit a crew and charter three ships.
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with two hundred men, never telling them the goal of their trip. Once in Cuba he made his intentions clear, and his crew approved his choice of revenge. Gourgue then moved to attack
Spanish-held Fort Caroline, which they had renamed as Fort San Mateo, enlisting the aid of Fort Caroline's old allies,
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Indians. The fort soon surrendered to de
Gourgue's forces. The French and Indians killed the Spanish prisoners in retribution for Fort Caroline and other massacres of Protestants. They hanged the prisoners with the inscription, "Not as Spaniards but as murderers."
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De
Gourgue's early life is not well known. He came from the old and powerful family of Gourgue, one of the most important families of the French city of
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with the president of
Marigny, until restored to the king's favor in 1572. He was given command of a vessel, and participated in the
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138:, and considered them heretics. He ordered his troops to kill any they found in the colonies. Therefore, in 1565, troops under
201:, but coldly by the court, which feared a rupture with Spain. For several years he lived in obscurity, almost in misery, at
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35:(1530–1593) was a French nobleman and soldier. He is best known for leading a
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appointed him commander of the fleet for a campaign for the crown of
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Floride française ("French
Florida"), by Pierre du Val, 17th century.
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The
European discovery of America: the northern voyages AD 500-1600
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Extraits de l'histoire coloniale de la
Floride et de la Louisiane
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on 6 June 1568. He was received cordially by Monluc, governor of
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209:, commanding the largest vessel of the squadron. In 1592 Don
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against Philip II. While on the journey, de
Gourgue died.
142:notoriously massacred hundreds of Frenchmen around
91:. After his return to France, he made a voyage to
361:Les expéditions françaises en Floride (1562-1568)
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323:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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389:Histoire des réfigiés protestants de France
299:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
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293:"Gourgues, Dominique Chevalier de"
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440:People of the French Wars of Religion
332:. New York: Oxford University Press.
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193:De Gourgue returned to the port of
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99:, and then entered the service of
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310:"Avilés, Pedro Menéndez de"
435:Military personnel from Bordeaux
430:History of Jacksonville, Florida
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43:in 1568, in retaliation for the
368:Document de la main de Gourgues
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328:Morison, Samuel Eliot (1971).
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415:People from Spanish Florida
47:given after the capture of
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53:Massacre at Matanzas Inlet
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111:Situation in the colonies
83:in 1557, and then by the
375:Les navigateurs Français
302:. New York: D. Appleton.
140:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
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320:Encyclopædia Britannica
134:, including the French
307:Hannay, David (1911).
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55:. He was a captain in
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148:Jacksonville, Florida
119:View of Fort Caroline
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20:Dominique de Gourgues
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420:French North America
207:Siege of La Rochelle
77:Maréchal de Strozzi
71:. He served in the
51:and the subsequent
358:Lhoumeau, Hélène.
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124:Philip II of Spain
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79:, was captured by
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425:French privateers
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387:Weiss, Charles.
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146:in what is now
130:king who hated
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39:attack against
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410:1593 deaths
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195:La Rochelle
132:Protestants
97:West Indies
33:de Gourgues
399:Categories
240:Appletons'
221:References
189:Later life
178:Tacatacuru
45:no quarter
338:901940084
288:Fiske, J.
136:Huguenots
105:Huguenots
81:Spaniards
59:'s army.
37:privateer
25:Dominique
215:Portugal
199:Bordeaux
174:Saturiwa
95:and the
69:Bordeaux
29:Domingue
391:, 1853.
317:(ed.).
277:English
272:Sources
182:Timucua
154:Revenge
89:galleys
382:p. 180
377:, 1847
346:French
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252:Hannay
126:was a
93:Brazil
75:under
313:. In
203:Rouen
85:Turks
63:Youth
334:OCLC
176:and
172:the
169:Cuba
27:(or
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