680:
794:. It interpreted this evidence in light of the discredited theories of Margaret Murray, which claimed that a pre-Christian religious movement had survived to the present, when it had emerged as Wicca. Hutton later related that it was "one of the first three books to be published on the subject" of Wicca, and that the "remarkable feature of the book is that it remains, until this date , the only one produced by a prominent modern witch that embodies actual original research into the records of the trials of people accused of the crime of witchcraft during the early modern period." In 1966, Valiente then produced a manuscript for a book titled
1176:
Gardner's "most gifted acolyte". Doyle White stated that an argument could be made that
Gardner would "never have been anywhere near as successful" in promoting Wicca had he not had Valiente's help. In 2016, Heselton expressed the view that Valiente was best known for her books, which are "still some of the most readable on the subject" of Wicca, further highlighting that they often appeared on Wiccan reading lists. The ritual liturgies that Valiente composed also proved highly influential within the Wiccan religion and constitute a core element of her legacy.
1168:
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1130:; increasingly debilitated, John Belham-Payne and two of her friends became her primary carers. In her last few days she was moved to the Sackville Nursing Home, there requesting that Belham-Payne publish an anthology of her poems after her death. She died on 1 September 1999, with Belham-Payne at her side. CFPS' barn in Maresfield, where an all-night vigil was held; those invited included Ralph Harvey, and Ronald Hutton. After this Pagan rite was completed, her coffin was cremated at
897:
into council accommodation in the mid-1960s tower block of Tyson Place in
Grosvenor Square, Brighton. Her flat was described by visitors as cramped, being filled with thousands of books. It was there that she met Ronald Cooke, a member of the apartment block's residents' committee; they entered into a relationship and she initiated him into Wicca, where he became her working partner. Together they regularly explored the Sussex countryside, and went on several holidays to
842:
was what his sick little soul craved, he could get on with it, but he could get on with it alone, because I had better things to do". Shortly after, Cochrane committed ritual suicide on
Midsummer 1966; she authored the poem "Elegy for a Dead Witch" in his memory. She remained in contact with his widow and other members of the Clan, as well as with Gray, and proceeded to work on occasion with The Regency, a group founded by former members of the Clan.
810:, a former associate of Cardell's; this course instructed her in a Wiccan tradition known as the Coven of Atho. At Halloween 1963 she was then initiated into the Coven of Atho in a ritual overseen by Howard, entering the lowest rank of the course, that of 'Sarsen', and beginning to copy the teachings that she received into notebooks, where she was able to identify many of the sources from which Howard had drawn upon in fashioning his tradition.
851:
1021:(1984), both published with Hale at Valiente's recommendation. In these works, Valiente and the Farrars identified differences between early recensions of the Book and identified many of the older sources that it drew upon. Hutton believed that later scholars such as himself had to be "profoundly grateful" to the trio for undertaking this task, while Doyle White opined that these publications, alongside
1201:
charitable trust, the
Foundation was designed to prevent the collection being broken up and sold, moreover allowing for future Wiccans and researchers to start "delving into it, protecting it, making it accessible and available for people to research, learn from and enjoy." John Belham-Payne became the group's chairman, while Ashley Mortimer, Brian Botham, and Trish Botham were appointed as trustees.
1134:, in an intentionally low-key service with John Belham-Payne, Doreen's last High priest as celebrant for the funeral. As per her wishes, Valiente's ashes were scattered in Sussex woodland. Her magical artefacts and manuscripts, including her Book of Shadows, were bequeathed to John Belham-Payne. Her book of poems was published posthumously in 2000, followed by an enlarged second edition in 2014.
475:"We seemed to take an immediate liking to each other. I realised that this man was no time-wasting pretender to occult knowledge. He was something different from the kind of people I had met in esoteric gatherings before. One felt that he had seen far horizons and encountered strange things; and yet there was a sense of humour about him and a youthfulness, in spite of his silver hair."
663:. These laws limited the control of the High Priestess, which angered Valiente, who later realised that Gardner had simply made them up in response to her own Proposed Laws. In summer 1957, the coven split. According to Valiente, she and her followers "had had enough of the Gospel according to St. Gerald; but we still believed that the real traditional witchcraft lived". According to
1058:, a former member of the Clan of Tubal Cain who also lived in Brighton. Heselton has expressed the view that Valiente likely did more than this, and that she wrote a number of the chapters herself. As Valiente became better known, she came to correspond with a wide range of people within the Pagan and esoteric communities. Through this, she met the American Wiccan
1050:. In this work she did not dismiss the Murrayite witch-cult theory, but she did undermine the belief that Wicca was the survival of it by highlighting the various false claims made by Gardner, Cochrane, and Sanders, instead emphasising what she perceived as the religion's value for the modern era. She also provided a foreword for
991:. It also explained to the reader how they could initiate themselves into Wicca and establish their own coven. In 1978 she offered a book of poetry to Hale, although they declined to publish it, believing that there would not be sufficient market for such a publication. In 1982 she then submitted a book of short stories,
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by
Avalonia Books in 2013. Doyle White characterised this volume as being "all-too-brief". Belham-Payne initially considered writing a biography of Valiente, but feeling that he was not academically qualified to do so, he commissioned Heselton β who had previously published several books on Gardner β
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from a 1958 article, and subsequently struck up a correspondence with him. Cardell suggested that they pool their respective traditions together, but
Valiente declined the offer, expressing some scepticism regarding Cardell's motives and conduct. In 1962, Valiente began a correspondence course run by
600:
had been fragmentary, and he had had to fill much of it using various sources. She took the Book of
Shadows, and with Gardner's permission, rewrote much of it, cutting out a lot of sections that had come from Crowley, fearing that his infamous reputation would sully Wicca. In 1953 she wrote "Queen of
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later commented that in doing so, she formed "the second great creative partnership of life" after that with
Woodford-Grimes. Valiente recognised how much of the material in Gardner's Book of Shadows was taken not from ancient sources as Gardner had initially claimed, but from the works of Crowley.
33:
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at age 13, performing a spell to prevent her mother being harassed by a co-worker; she came to believe that it had worked. Her early knowledge of magical practices may have derived from books that she found in the local library. Her parents were concerned by this behaviour and sent her to a convent
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of the
Gardnerians", at which point Valiente openly criticised him and then left his Clan. In her own words, she "rose up and challenged him in the presence of the rest of the coven. I told him that I was fed up with listening to all this senseless malice, and that, if a 'Night of the Long Knives'
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After breaking from
Gardner's Bricket Wood coven, Valiente formed her own coven with Grove as High Priest, still following the tradition of Gardnerian Wicca, albeit without the Wiccan laws, which she believed to be entirely an invention of Gardner's. However, this coven failed to last, breaking up
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that had been established in 1995. Befriending its founders, John Belham-Payne and his wife Julie Belham-Payne, she became the centre's patron and gave several lectures for the group. In 1997 Cooke died, leaving Valiente grief-stricken. Her final public speech was at the Pagan Federation's annual
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In April 1972 her husband Casimiro died; he had never taken an interest in Wicca or esotericism and Valiente later claimed that theirs had been an unhappy relationship. Newly widowed, she soon had to move as the local council decided that her home was unfit for human habitation; she was relocated
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and his girlfriend 'Dayonis', stating that "a more qualid pair of spivs it would be hard to find indeed". Two factions emerged within the coven; Valiente led a broadly anti-publicity group, while Gardner led a pro-publicity one. In 1957, Valiente and Grove drew up a list of "Proposed Rules of the
790:, here Valiente did not identify as a practising Wiccan, but as an interested scholar of witchcraft. It contained her own research into the history and folklore of witchcraft in her county of Sussex, which she had collected both from archival research and from the published work of the historian
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Kelly asserted that Valiente "deserves credit for having helped transform the Craft from being the hobby of a handful of eccentric Brits into being an international religious movement". Describing her as "a major personality in the development" of Wicca, Hutton also expressed the view that "her
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Following Valiente's death, John Belham-Payne received offers of substantial amounts of money from buyers seeking to purchase parts of her collection. In 2011 he entrusted the collection of artefacts that he had inherited from Valiente to the newly established the Doreen Valiente Foundation. A
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Within the Wiccan community, Valiente has become internationally known as the "Mother of Modern Witchcraft" or "Mother of Wica", although she herself disliked this moniker. Heselton believed that Valiente's influence on Wicca was "profound and far-reaching", while Ruickbie characterised her as
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suggested that the party's nationalistic outlook may have appealed to her strongly patriotic values and that she might have hoped that the Front would serve as a political equivalent to the Pagan movement. At the same time she also became a member of another, more extreme far right group, the
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However Gardner's increasing desire for publicity, much of it ending up negative, caused conflict with Valiente and other members of his coven like Ned Grove and Derek Boothby. She felt that in repeatedly communicating with the press, he was compromising the coven's security. She was also not
757:; this was its first public appearance in a recognisable form, with Doyle White arguing that it was Valiente herself who both created and named the Rede. It was through the WRA that Valiente came to communicate with the journalist Justine Glass, who was then conducting research for her book
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Hutton characterised Valiente as "a handsome woman of striking, dark-haired, aquiline looks, possessed of a strong, enquiring, candid, and independent personality, and a gift for poetry and ritual". Belham-Payne noted that Valiente was "very tall, rather reserved and preferred to be in the
692:, although in 1968 they moved into a flat nearer to the town centre. She befriended another Kemptown resident, the journalist Leslie Roberts, who shared her interest in the supernatural. He attracted much attention to himself in the local press through his claims that practitioners of
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Intrigued by the article, Valiente wrote a letter to Williamson in 1952, who in turn put her in contact with Gardner. Valiente and Gardner wrote several letters back-and-forth, with the latter eventually suggesting that she meet him at the home of his friend and fellow Wiccan
881:, a British pressure group that campaigned for the religious rights of Wiccans and other Pagans. In November 1970 she developed a full moon inauguration ritual for local branches of the Front to use and on May Day 1971 she chaired its first national meeting, held at
1188:
In 2009, the CFPS organised "A Day for Doreen", an event in central London dedicated to Valiente. Sixteen speakers from within the Wiccan and Pagan community came to talk at the event, which was a sell-out. On 21 June 2013, the Centre For Pagan Studies unveiled a
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After her mother's death in August 1962, Valiente felt that she could be more open about being a Wiccan herself. Eager to spread information about Wicca throughout Britain, she also began to interact with press, sending a 1962 letter to the Spiritualist newspaper
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described her as "a plain, owlishly bespectacled woman with a slight stoop and a friendly twinkle in her eye". Throughout her life, Valiente remained a believer in the Murrayite Witch-Cult theory despite its having been academically discredited by the 1970s.
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during his investigations into the early Gardnerian liturgies. She disagreed with Kelly that there had been no New Forest coven and that Gardner had therefore invented Wicca, instead insisting that Gardner had stumbled on a coven of the Murrayite witch-cult.
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in 1966. She also got back in touch with Gardner, and mended their friendship, remaining on good terms until his death in 1964, when he left her Β£200 in his will. During the early 1960s she also developed a correspondence with two Gardnerian initiates in
646:, who was interested in learning about Wicca; Gardner insisted that she lie to Yorke by informing him that she was from a longstanding family of hereditary Wiccan practitioners. She also aided him in preparing his second non-fiction book about Wicca,
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224:. In these works also she became an early advocate of the idea that anyone could practise Wicca without requiring initiation by a pre-existing Wiccan, while also contributing to and encouraging research into the religion's early history. Living in
829:. Although sceptical of Cochrane's claims to have come from a hereditary family of witches, she was impressed by his charisma, his desire to avoid publicity, and his emphasis on working outdoors. Valiente was invited to join Cochrane's coven, the
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during these years, she was a member of the Silver Malkin coven and worked with Ron Cook, who was both her partner and initiate. In her final years she served as patron of the Sussex-based Centre for Pagan Studies prior to her death from
1180:
enduring greatness lay in the very fact that she was so completely and strong-mindedly dedicated to finding and declaring her own truth, in a world in which the signposts to it were themselves in a state of almost complete confusion".
212:. As well as regularly writing articles on esoteric topics for various magazines, from the 1960s onward she authored a number of books on the subject of Wicca, as well as contributing to the publication of works by Wiccan friends
285:. Doreen later claimed that she had not had a close or affectionate relationship with her parents, whom she characterised as highly conventional and heavily focused on social climbing. During her childhood they moved to
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Craft" which were partly designed to curtail Gardner's publicity-seeking. From his home in the Isle of Man, he responded that this was not necessary for a series of rules already existedβat which point he produced the
310:
school. She despised the school and left it at the age of 15, refusing to return. She had wanted to go to art school, but instead gained employment in a factory, before moving on to work as a clerk and typist at the
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had recently suggested that Gardner invented "Old Dorothy" as an attempt to hide the fact that he had invented Wicca himself. Valiente sought to disprove this, discovering that "Old Dorothy" was a real person:
1009:, who were then living in Ireland. With the Farrars, she agreed to publish the original contents of the Gardnerian Book of Shadows, in order to combat the garbled variants that had been released by Cardell and
937:, all of which she lauded as progressive causes. Heselton has also suggested that Valiente may have joined these groups in order to investigate them before reporting back to Britain's intelligence agencies.
615:, with Hutton characterising this act as "her greatest single contribution to Wicca", for her version of the Charge became "the principle expression of Wiccan spirituality" in coming years.
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amid arguments between its founders. In 1956, Valiente, along with her husband and her mother, moved into a basement flat in Lewes Crescent, Kemptown, in the southern coastal town of
901:, further considering moving there. She also joined a coven that was operating in the local area, Silver Malkin, after it was established by the Wiccan High Priestess Sally Griffyn.
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background", while Doreen Valiente Foundation Trustee, Ashley Mortimer described her as "sensible, practical, decent, honest and, perhaps most importantly, pragmatic". The writer
979:, a discussion of what she believed to be the magical usages and associations of the weather, stones, plants, and other elements of the natural world. In 1978 Hale then published
1029:
she also published the result of her investigations into "Old Dorothy", the woman whom Gardner had claimed had been involved with the New Forest coven. The academic historian
889:. It was she who developed the three principles that came to be central to the Pagan Front's interpretation of their religion: adherence to the Wiccan Rede, a belief in
576:
during their rite. Valiente told her husband and mother about the visit to Stonehenge, but not about her initiation, of which, she feared, they would not have approved.
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173:. In 1957, a schism resulted in Valiente and her followers leaving Gardner in order to form their own short-lived coven. After investigating the Wiccan tradition of
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In the mid-1980s, Valiente began writing an autobiography in which she focused on her own place within Wiccan history. It would be published by Hale in 1989 as
791:
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and presumed deceased. Widowed, during 1942 and 1943 Valiente had a number of short-term jobs in Wales, which were possibly a cover for intelligence work.
921:. However, she allowed her membership of the National Front to lapse, sending a letter to her local branch stating that although she respected its leader
798:, a collection of poems with a biographical introduction; however, it was never published, publishers not believing that it would be commercially viable.
1151:
Valiente had a strong dislike of unexpected visitors, and would often refuse to answer the door to those who knocked unannounced. She was an avid fan of
237:
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produced by the latter. Spare subsequently described Valiente as "a myopic stalky nymph... harmless and a little tiresome" in a letter that he wrote to
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753:, published in August 1964, while she also gave a speech at the WRA's Halloween dinner in October. It was at the speech that Valiente proclaimed the
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with a friend, "Zerki", at his flat. She had obtained the magical regalia and notebooks of a recently deceased doctor, who had been a member of the
918:
1131:
964:, arguing that the religion should ally with the feminist and environmentalist movements in order to establish a better future for the planet.
1025:, helped contribute to "the democratisation of Wicca" by enabling any reader to set themselves up as a Wiccan practitioner. As an appendix to
392:β where Doreen's mother was then living β and here Casimiro worked as a chef. Valiente would later say that both she and her husband suffered
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1194:
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at the Tyson Place tower block, Valiente's final home. Julie Belham-Payne performed the unveiling at the ceremony, and a speech was given by
729:. During the 1960s, she began producing articles about Wicca and other esoteric subjects on a regular basis, for such esoteric magazines as
1159:, refusing to open the door to any visitors while she was watching the competition on television. She also enjoyed betting on horse races.
630:
on the Isle of Man, and thus often relied on Valiente to deal with his affairs in Southern England. He sent her to meet the occult artist
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6059:
3718:
Doyle White, Ethan (2011). "Robert Cochrane and the Gardnerian Craft: Feuds, Secrets, and Mysteries in Contemporary British Witchcraft".
975:, in which she provided an encyclopaedic overview of various topics related to Wicca and esotericism. In 1975, Hale published Valiente's
960:
magazine, for which she authored several articles and book reviews. Valiente came to see the public emergence of Wicca as a sign of the
1062:β whom she greatly admired β on one of the latter's visits to Britain. She also communicated with the American Wiccan and scholar of
1786:
501:, although believed that the religion was extinct. It was in autumn 1952 that she read an article by the reporter Allen Andrews in
345:. Entering a relationship, they were married in East Glamorgan on 31 January 1941. However, in June 1941 he was serving aboard the
244:, she is widely revered in the Wiccan community as "the Mother of Modern Witchcraft", and has been the subject of two biographies.
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Heselton's 2016 biography of Valiente includes a bibliography of her published work, as well as her contributions to other books.
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1953, and it was here that he initiated her into Wicca in a ritual during which they stood before an altar and he read from his
505:
magazine titled "Witchcraft in Britain". Discussing the recent opening of the Folklore Centre of Superstition and Witchcraft in
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1962:
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741:. In this capacity, she also began to make appearances on television and radio. She also involved herself in the newly formed
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performing a ritual there. Gardner had lent a ritual sword which he owned to the Druids, who placed it within the monument's
240:, who donated them to a charitable trust, the Doreen Valiente Foundation, in 2011. Having had a significant influence in the
1197:, the Mayor of Brighton. It had been preceded by an open solstice ritual in Brighton's Steine Gardens, led by Ralph Harvey.
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and urged the Wiccan community to accept homosexuals. Valiente's health was deteriorating as she was diagnosed first with
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269:. Her father, Harry Dominy, was a civil engineer, and he lived with her mother Edith in Colliers Wood. Harry came from a
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329:, she became a Foreign Office Civilian Temporary Senior Assistant Officer, in this capacity working as a translator at
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611:. With Gardner she also wrote "The Witches Rune", a chant for use while dancing in a circle. She rewrote much of the
412:
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419:, a language with uses in various forms of ceremonial magic. It was at this point that she selected "Ameth" as her
143:, she also married twice in this period. Developing her interest in occultism after the war, she began practising
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301:. In either late 1934 or 1935, Doreen's mother left her father and took her to live with maternal relatives in
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and evacuated to England. They were married on 29 May 1944 at St Pancras Registry Office. The couple moved to
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372:. In London she met and entered into a relationship with Casimiro Valiente, a Spaniard who had fled from the
311:
983:, in which Valiente proclaimed her belief that Wicca was ideal for the dawning Age of Aquarius and espoused
912:, for about eighteen months, during which she designed a banner for her local branch. Valiente's biographer
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through his Doreen Valiente Foundation in 2016. It held its launch party at the esoteric-themed bookstore,
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Valiente began visiting local libraries and archives in order to investigate the history of witchcraft in
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956:. Inspired, she began searching for ley lines in the area around Brighton. She also began subscribing to
650:, focusing in particular on those sections refuting the sensationalist accusations of the tabloid press.
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833:, becoming its sixth member. However, she became dissatisfied with Cochrane, who was openly committing
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which she found in a local library. Alongside these, she also had some practical experience with the
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The Witches' Cottage, a ritual space used by Valiente's Bricket Wood coven, as it appeared in 2006.
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1038:. Valiente biographer Jonathan Tapsell described it as "one of Doreen's greatest known moments".
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were also operating in the area. Valiente remained a good friend to Roberts until his death from
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3767: (2015). "An' it Harm None, Do What Ye Will: A Historical Analysis of the Wiccan Rede".
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1208:, the first published biography of Valiente was written by Jonathan Tapsell and published as
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Altar statues of the Horned God and Mother Goddess crafted by Bel Bucca and owned by Valiente
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151:. Learning of Wicca, in 1953 she was initiated into the Gardnerian tradition by its founder,
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who was responsible for writing much of the early religious liturgy within the tradition of
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749:. Valiente's letter of welcome was included in the first issue of the WRA's newsletter,
159:, she helped him to produce or adapt many important scriptural texts for Wicca, such as
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780:. On the basis of this research, the esoteric press Aquarian published her first book,
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during the 1960s and 1970s. That latter decade also saw her briefly involve herself in
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Valiente was born Doreen Edith Dominy on 4 January 1922 in the London outer suburb of
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and had made friends within the group, she was critical of the party's opposition to
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591:, north of London. She soon rose to become the coven's High Priestess. The historian
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She confronted Gardner with this; he claimed that the text he had received from the
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in Surrey, and it was there, according to her later account, that she had an early
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120:. An author and poet, she also published five books dealing with Wicca and related
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in November 1997; here she praised the work of early twentieth-century occultist
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Valiente's magical artefacts and papers were bequeathed to her last High Priest,
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Correspondences: An Online Journal for the Academic Study of Western Esotericism
3745:"An Elusive Roebuck: Luciferianism and Paganism in Robert Cochrane's Witchcraft"
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After October 1943 she was transferred to the intelligence service's offices in
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Eager to promote and defend her religion, she played a leading role in both the
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area. Before she left the meeting, Gardner gave her a copy of his 1949 novel,
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5313:
5208:
5067:
4864:
4809:
4655:
4645:
4577:
3840:
3127:
2999:
1063:
934:
890:
725:
723:, and in 1964 being interviewed for her involvement with Wicca by Brighton's
697:
664:
639:
618:
592:
583:, West London, and it was there that she met the eight to ten members of his
498:
342:
317:
258:
3203:
3099:
5969:
5905:
5880:
5681:
5636:
5581:
5318:
5242:
5042:
4712:
4650:
4431:
4411:
4336:
4326:
4234:
4214:
4173:
4067:
3955:. Philip Heselton. N.p.: The Doreen Valiente Foundation. pp. 327β334.
3731:
3703:. Philip Heselton. N.p.: The Doreen Valiente Foundation. pp. 315β325.
3291:
1221:, in central London, in February 2016, shortly after Belham-Payne's death.
1144:
1119:
1096:"An Unsolved Problem of Psychic Research", an example of Valiente's poetry.
1006:
948:
and was heavily influenced by it, embracing Michell's view that there were
719:
667:
scholar Ethan Doyle White, "Wicca had experienced its first great schism".
643:
542:
537:, in which he describes a fictionalised account of Wiccan initiates in the
424:
369:
294:
217:
3780:
3335:
3243:
1718:
846:
The Pagan Front, National Front, and further publications: 1970–1984
6003:
5786:
5716:
5666:
5551:
5353:
4670:
4635:
4562:
4527:
4426:
4346:
4239:
4144:
1670:
1190:
898:
754:
693:
660:
654:
enthusiastic about two young people whom Gardner brought into the coven,
569:
541:; he allegedly did so in order to gauge her opinion on ritual nudity and
538:
510:
389:
334:
302:
148:
2827:
2799:
2535:
2519:
2503:
2392:
1479:
713:, finally meeting them when the latter couple visited Brighton in 1965.
670:
579:
Later in the year, Gardner invited Valiente to visit him at his flat in
32:
5920:
5701:
5343:
5145:
5072:
4859:
4824:
4763:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4630:
4567:
4557:
4547:
4482:
4341:
4316:
4269:
2092:
1106:
1013:. The original Gardnerian material appeared in the Farrars' two books,
1010:
930:
837:
and constantly insulting Gardnerians, even at one point calling for "a
769:
746:
588:
573:
561:
468:
420:
298:
4072:
3951:
Mortimer, Ashley (2016). "Foundation: The Legacy of Doreen Valiente".
3307:
3259:
2551:
1507:
181:'s Coven of Atho in 1963. She went on the following year to work with
5781:
5751:
5641:
5631:
5323:
4874:
4758:
4675:
4640:
4487:
4264:
1171:
The blue plaque devoted to Doreen Valiente erected on her former home
949:
854:
Valiente involved herself in a regional branch of the National Front
702:
565:
553:
400:
270:
4748:
3934:
Inventing Witchcraft: A Case Study in the Creation of a New Religion
2448:
2420:
2376:
2300:
2021:
2005:
873:, which was devoted to Wicca and also featured the prominent Wiccan
5308:
5187:
4899:
4894:
4879:
4849:
4733:
4602:
4456:
2224:
2064:
1563:
1547:
1123:
1059:
882:
862:
861:
Living in Brighton, Valiente took up employment in a branch of the
834:
689:
635:
225:
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79:
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4773:
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4607:
4036:
1111:
436:
365:
278:
262:
60:
3802:
Wicca: History, Belief, and Community in Modern Pagan Witchcraft
904:
During the early 1970s, Valiente became a member of a far right
560:. The three of them then set off to the prehistoric monument of
439:
in 1904, and following this she avidly read a copy of Crowley's
4854:
4844:
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886:
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286:
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128:
2408:
745:(WRA), becoming its second President after the resignation of
321:
During the Second World War, Valiente worked at Bletchley Park
293:
while staring at the Moon. From there her family moved to the
5848:
5050:
4904:
4829:
4783:
4582:
4542:
3871:
The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft
3644:
3039:
1084:
1079:
552:
Gardner invited Valiente again to Woodford-Grimes's house on
282:
113:
94:
3675:
3656:
3632:
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3572:
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2987:
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2939:
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2903:
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2867:
4909:
4778:
3829:
The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
3720:
The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies
3526:
3524:
3356:
3354:
2879:
2855:
2787:
2763:
2491:
2436:
2352:
2316:
2212:
1105:(CFPS), a Pagan organisation based in the Sussex hamlet of
1054:, a book published in 1990 by Hale. It had been written by
1041:
605:
ritual which was inspired by a Hebridean song found in the
602:
3915:
Modern Wicca: A History from Gerald Gardner to the Present
3560:
3087:
3063:
877:. That same year, she was involved in the founding of the
642:. At Gardner's prompting, she also met with the occultist
601:
the Moon, Queen of the Stars", an invocation for use in a
341:, that she met Joanis Vlachopolous, a Greek seaman in the
3179:
2671:
2188:
2080:
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3351:
3231:
3167:
3015:
2951:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2340:
1995:
1993:
1419:
4064:β Information on Doreen Valiente and other craft elders
3584:
3417:
3323:
2843:
2815:
2639:
2579:
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2364:
2328:
2240:
768:
Valiente's painting of the head of Atho, a form of the
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surviving into the modern period through the works of
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1990:
1950:
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529:("Dafo"), who lived not far from Bournemouth, in the
396:
after the war because of their foreign associations.
3936:. Loughborough, Leicestershire: Thoth Publications.
3536:
1455:
1443:
1407:
813:
In 1964, Valiente was introduced to the Pagan witch
469:
Gerald Gardner and the Bricket Wood Coven: 1952β1957
169:, which were incorporated into the early Gardnerian
5140:
3699:Belham-Payne, John (2016). "Doreen As I Knew Her".
112:(4 January 1922 β 1 September 1999) was an English
4037:Official website of the Doreen Valiente Foundation
3868:
998:In 1978, Valiente struck up a friendship with the
995:, to Hale, but again they declined to publish it.
3972:Witchcraft Out of the Shadows: A Complete History
545:, both of which were present in his tradition of
333:. In relation to this work, she was also sent to
6036:
4058:from Doreen Valiente to Rev. T. Allen Greenfield
784:, in 1962. Just as Gardner had done in his book
480:Valiente on her first meeting with Gardner, 1989
155:. Soon becoming the High Priestess of Gardner's
353:off of the West African coast; he was declared
1042:Autobiography and final years: 1985–1999
801:Valiente learned of the non-Gardnerian Wiccan
5126:
4088:
3898:(second ed.). Copenhagen: Whyte Tracks.
3823: (2016b). "Review of Philip Heselton's
952:across the British landscape that channelled
940:It was also in the early 1970s that she read
135:while a teenager. Working as a translator at
3991:Ameth: The Life and Times of Doreen Valiente
3818:
3698:
3669:
3638:
3614:
3578:
3503:
3479:
3387:
1210:Ameth: The Life and Times of Doreen Valiente
817:by a mutual friend, the ceremonial magician
189:, although she later broke from this group.
3795:
3762:
3738:
3717:
3475:
3471:
3093:
3009:
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2621:
2545:
2414:
2294:
2194:
2170:
2150:
1984:
1944:
1183:
5133:
5119:
4095:
4081:
3228:, Doreen Valiente, Hexagon Hoopix, page 66
457:, having attended the services of a local
368:area of London, where she was involved in
31:
6065:Writers from the London Borough of Merton
431:, which was a biography of the occultist
376:, where he had fought on the side of the
6125:Foreign Office personnel of World War II
6110:Deaths from pancreatic cancer in England
6020:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic, Cornwall
4007:
3969:
3950:
3852:. N.p.: The Doreen Valiente Foundation.
3847:
3681:
3650:
3626:
3602:
3530:
3515:
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3447:
3435:
3411:
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2138:
2126:
2114:
2102:
2098:
2086:
2074:
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2031:
2015:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1940:
1924:
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1501:
1489:
1473:
1437:
1425:
1401:
1166:
1090:Now, what in the Hell could it be, man?
865:pharmacist. In 1971 she appeared on the
849:
763:
678:
617:
316:
252:
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3590:
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1900:
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1856:
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1485:
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1397:
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856:(National Front demonstration pictured)
6037:
3912:
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3081:
3069:
2757:
2737:
2509:
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2070:
2043:
2027:
2011:
1999:
1976:
1956:
1936:
1920:
1876:
1828:
1804:
1796:
1744:
893:, and a sense of kinship with nature.
513:, it mentioned the museum's director,
485:She had also become familiar with the
5647:Gormshuil MhΓ²r na Maighe (aka Gormla)
5114:
4076:
3931:
3875:. New York: Oxford University Press.
3542:
3423:
1204:Aside from Valiente's autobiography,
1076:There was a young lady called Freeman
423:. She was particularly interested by
4932:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
4068:The Centre for Pagan Studies website
971:brought out Valiente's second book,
821:, who had met him at a gathering at
5204:Dummy, the Witch of Sible Hedingham
3804:. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press.
1213:to do so, publishing the result as
759:Witchcraft, the Sixth Sense, and Us
337:, and it was there, in the town of
13:
6085:Founders of modern pagan movements
6060:20th-century English women writers
5016:Left-hand path and right-hand path
487:idea of a pre-Christian witch-cult
435:, who had founded the religion of
305:. Valiente first began practising
37:Valiente with ritual paraphernalia
14:
6141:
5258:Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
4028:
3691:
626:Gardner spent his summers at the
413:Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
127:Born to a middle-class family in
5334:Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers
4671:Spellwork / Incantation
4143:
3219:
1101:In 1997 Valiente discovered the
967:In 1973, the publishing company
5093:Witchcraft Research Association
1224:
1132:Brighton's Woodvale crematorium
1052:Witchcraft: A Tradition Renewed
743:Witchcraft Research Association
194:Witchcraft Research Association
5088:Museum of Witchcraft and Magic
4500:Holly King / Oak King
1365:
1137:
628:Museum of Magic and Witchcraft
384:, where he was wounded at the
277:one, however Doreen was never
147:with a friend while living in
1:
5449:Northamptonshire witch trials
5253:Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor
3769:Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft
1353:
442:Magick in Theory and Practice
312:Unemployment Assistance Board
6055:20th-century English writers
5958:Last person imprisoned under
5479:Bury St Edmunds witch trials
4991:List of Wiccan organisations
1358:
517:, and its "resident witch",
273:background and Edith from a
247:
131:, Valiente began practising
110:Doreen Edith Dominy Valiente
7:
5168:Anglo-Saxon metrical charms
4189:Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca
3894: (2010). "Foreword".
1379:. London. 20 September 1999
1373:"Obituary: Doreen Valiente"
1155:, and closely followed the
568:, where they witnessed the
204:as well as becoming a keen
10:
6146:
5727:George and Lachlan Rattray
5597:Janet Douglas, Lady Glamis
5419:North Berwick witch trials
5273:Society of the Inner Light
4220:Church and School of Wicca
4141:
3989:Tapsell, Jonathan (2013).
1971:, pp. 54, 57, 60β61;
827:Brotherhood of the Essenes
411:, a splinter group of the
399:Developing an interest in
16:English writer (1922β1999)
6012:
5991:
5982:
5948:
5871:
5841:
5832:
5805:
5542:
5391:
5366:
5286:
5235:
5226:
5196:
5160:
5153:
4983:
4939:The Meaning of Witchcraft
4923:
4797:
4721:
4616:
4513:
4470:
4287:
4202:
4159:
4152:
4110:
4044:Doreen Valiente biography
4010:The Rebirth of Witchcraft
4008:Valiente, Doreen (1989).
3848:Heselton, Philip (2016).
3226:The Charge of the Goddess
1347:Centre For Pagan Studies
1333:Centre For Pagan Studies
1302:The Rebirth of Witchcraft
1206:The Rebirth of Witchcraft
1078:Who had an affair with a
1048:The Rebirth of Witchcraft
1015:Eight Sabbats for Witches
648:The Meaning of Witchcraft
415:, and attempted to learn
380:before later joining the
177:, she was initiated into
87:
68:
42:
30:
23:
5999:Witches' Well, Edinburgh
4538:Wiccan views of divinity
4275:Universal Eclectic Wicca
3932:Kelly, Aidan A. (2007).
3913:Howard, Michael (2009).
3841:10.1558/pome.v18i1.30254
1184:Events and organisations
1103:Centre for Pagan Studies
839:Night of the Long Knives
5529:Islandmagee witch trial
5178:Cunning folk in Britain
5021:Cunning folk in Britain
4012:. London: Robert Hale.
3974:. London: Robert Hale.
3917:. Woodbury: Llewellyn.
3867:Hutton, Ronald (1999).
1289:Witchcraft for Tomorrow
1023:Witchcraft for Tomorrow
981:Witchcraft for Tomorrow
403:, she began practising
378:Spanish Republican Army
6095:People from Maresfield
6070:English occult writers
5483:1645, 1662, 1655, 1694
4805:Magical tools in Wicca
4377:Ipsita Roy Chakraverti
3970:Ruickbie, Leo (2004).
3953:Doreen Valiente: Witch
3896:Where Witchcraft Lives
3850:Doreen Valiente: Witch
3825:Doreen Valiente: Witch
3732:10.1558/pome.v13i2.205
3701:Doreen Valiente: Witch
1795:, pp. 14β15, 37;
1328:Where Witchcraft Lives
1250:Where Witchcraft Lives
1215:Doreen Valiente: Witch
1172:
1093:
1031:Jeffrey Burton Russell
946:The View Over Atlantis
858:
782:Where Witchcraft Lives
773:
684:
673:Where Witchcraft Lives
623:
491:Charles Godfrey Leland
477:
459:Christian Spiritualist
349:when it was sunk by a
322:
6100:Bletchley Park people
5429:Aberdeen witch trials
5011:Witch-cult hypothesis
4967:Charge of the Goddess
4708:Solitary practitioner
4626:Drawing down the Moon
4407:Cerridwen Fallingstar
4128:Wicca and LGBT people
3781:10.1353/mrw.2015.0032
3300:, pp. 103, 105;
1342:Charge of the Goddess
1315:Charge of the Goddess
1306:Robert Hale (London)
1293:Robert Hale (London)
1280:Robert Hale (London)
1267:Robert Hale (London)
1170:
1088:was as cold as a rock
1073:
908:political party, the
853:
767:
682:
621:
613:Charge of the Goddess
527:Edith Woodford-Grimes
473:
382:French Foreign Legion
320:
253:Early life: 1922β1952
166:Charge of the Goddess
6105:Bletchley Park women
5499:Bideford witch trial
5268:Ordo Templi Orientis
5173:Anglo-Saxon paganism
4184:Central Valley Wicca
4049:14 June 2006 at the
3993:. London: Avalonia.
3653:, pp. 329, 331.
3284:, pp. 104β105;
3136:, pp. 382β383;
3048:, pp. 233, 235.
3008:, pp. 191β200;
2876:, pp. 153, 157.
2293:, pp. 119β120;
2261:, pp. 137β162;
2145:, pp. 128β129;
1747:, pp. 110β111;
1263:An ABC of Witchcraft
1163:Reception and legacy
1110:conference, held at
973:An ABC of Witchcraft
671:Robert Cochrane and
634:when he wanted some
291:spiritual experience
5962:Witchcraft Act 1735
5834:Neopagan witchcraft
5627:Issobell Fergussone
5032:Malleus Maleficarum
5026:European witchcraft
5006:Neopagan witchcraft
4161:British Traditional
4104:Neopagan witchcraft
3684:, pp. 338β339.
3569:, pp. 383β384.
3450:, pp. 291β292.
3375:, pp. 220β221.
3348:, pp. 307β308.
3288:, pp. 301β303.
3256:, pp. 298β300.
3216:, pp. 251β253.
3164:, pp. 266β269.
3140:, pp. 258β266.
3112:, pp. 239β246.
3072:, pp. 226β227.
3060:, pp. 235β239.
3036:, pp. 217β218.
2996:, pp. 186β191.
2984:, pp. 176β178.
2948:, pp. 172β175.
2936:, pp. 171β172.
2924:, pp. 162β163.
2912:, pp. 159β162.
2900:, pp. 157β158.
2888:, pp. 153β154.
2864:, pp. 295β296.
2840:, pp. 282β284.
2812:, pp. 274β275.
2796:, pp. 272β273.
2772:, pp. 149β151.
2668:, pp. 136β137.
2532:, pp. 122β124.
2516:, pp. 115β119.
2500:, pp. 169β170.
2445:, pp. 105β107.
2417:, pp. 156β158.
2405:, pp. 141β144.
2361:, pp. 166β167.
2325:, pp. 223β224.
2221:, pp. 100β102.
1875:, pp. 40, 47;
1775:, pp. 14, 35;
1036:Dorothy Clutterbuck
1000:Alexandrian Wiccans
47:Doreen Edith Dominy
6120:Modern pagan poets
6090:Gardnerian Wiccans
6080:Wiccan priestesses
5815:Christian Caldwell
5692:Euphame MacCalzean
5592:Katherine Campbell
5519:Pittenweem witches
5469:Witches of Belvoir
5459:Samlesbury witches
5409:Witches of Warboys
5349:Austin Osman Spare
5339:Madeline Montalban
5047:Magical alphabets
4996:Bricket Wood coven
4974:Enchanted Feminism
4367:Zsuzsanna Budapest
4123:Etymology of Wicca
3212:, pp. 96β97;
3108:, pp. 90β96;
2632:, pp. 38β39;
2624:, pp. 43β44;
2488:, pp. xvβxvi.
2265:, pp. 48β51;
2149:, pp. 98β99;
2141:, pp. 69β71;
2101:, pp. 65β68;
1983:, pp. 81β82;
1899:, pp. 40β41;
1851:, pp. 39β40;
1835:, pp. 19β20;
1827:, pp. 37β38;
1811:, pp. 18β19;
1727:, pp. 35β36;
1707:, pp. 15β17;
1679:, pp. 17β18;
1488:, pp. 14β15;
1173:
1126:and then terminal
1083:She said that his
927:women's liberation
871:Power of the Witch
859:
831:Clan of Tubal Cain
774:
685:
632:Austin Osman Spare
624:
585:Bricket Wood coven
370:message decryption
323:
202:far right politics
187:Clan of Tubal Cain
185:in his coven, the
157:Bricket Wood coven
6130:English feminists
6032:
6031:
6028:
6027:
5978:
5977:
5944:
5943:
5853:Alexandrian Wicca
5828:
5827:
5806:Witch hunters and
5787:Major Thomas Weir
5362:
5361:
5222:
5221:
5214:George Pickingill
5108:
5107:
4729:Wheel of the Year
4382:Patricia Crowther
4283:
4282:
4169:Alexandrian Wicca
4134:Dettmer v. Landon
3905:978-87-92632-09-8
3811:978-1-84519-754-4
3670:Doyle White 2016b
3639:Belham-Payne 2016
3615:Belham-Payne 2016
3579:Belham-Payne 2016
3504:Doyle White 2016b
3480:Doyle White 2016b
3426:, pp. 86β87.
3388:Belham-Payne 2016
3188:, pp. 72β73.
2349:, pp. 60β61.
2089:, pp. 90β92.
1907:, pp. 74β75.
1887:, pp. 73β74.
1731:, pp. 60β61.
1715:, pp. 60β61.
1683:, pp. 62β64.
1667:, pp. 65β66.
1640:, pp. 55β56.
1620:, pp. 52β54.
1532:, pp. 36β37.
1520:, pp. 33β35.
1492:, pp. 31β32.
1428:, pp. 17β18.
1351:
1350:
1344:expanded edition
1235:Publication year
1128:pancreatic cancer
906:white nationalist
707:Patricia Crowther
587:, which met near
374:Spanish Civil War
355:missing in action
275:Congregationalist
238:John Belham-Payne
231:pancreatic cancer
208:and proponent of
107:
106:
63:, Surrey, England
6137:
5989:
5988:
5955:
5954:
5936:Cecil Williamson
5863:Cochrane's Craft
5858:Gardnerian Wicca
5839:
5838:
5757:Annaple Thomsone
5747:Bessie Stevenson
5662:Gwen ferch Ellis
5607:Margaret Duchill
5572:Margaret Barclay
5389:
5388:
5304:Aleister Crowley
5294:Peter J. Carroll
5233:
5232:
5228:Ceremonial magic
5158:
5157:
5135:
5128:
5121:
5112:
5111:
5078:Witches' Sabbath
5001:New Forest coven
4960:Witchcraft Today
4946:The Spiral Dance
4493:Spirit of nature
4452:Silver RavenWolf
4397:Scott Cunningham
4387:Vivianne Crowley
4357:Raymond Buckland
4225:Cochrane's Craft
4194:Gardnerian Wicca
4157:
4156:
4147:
4118:History of Wicca
4097:
4090:
4083:
4074:
4073:
4040:
4039:
4023:
4004:
3985:
3966:
3947:
3928:
3909:
3893:
3886:
3874:
3863:
3844:
3822:
3815:
3799:
3792:
3766:
3759:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3714:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3476:Doyle White 2016
3472:Doyle White 2013
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3349:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3311:
3305:
3295:
3289:
3279:
3273:
3263:
3257:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3103:
3097:
3094:Doyle White 2016
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3010:Doyle White 2016
3003:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2678:Doyle White 2013
2675:
2669:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2630:Doyle White 2016
2626:Doyle White 2013
2622:Doyle White 2011
2615:
2609:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2555:
2549:
2546:Doyle White 2016
2539:
2533:
2523:
2517:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2462:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2424:
2418:
2415:Doyle White 2015
2412:
2406:
2396:
2390:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2304:
2298:
2295:Doyle White 2016
2276:
2270:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2195:Doyle White 2016
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2171:Doyle White 2016
2160:
2154:
2151:Doyle White 2016
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2025:
2019:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1988:
1985:Doyle White 2016
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1945:Doyle White 2016
1934:
1928:
1914:
1908:
1894:
1888:
1870:
1864:
1846:
1840:
1822:
1816:
1790:
1784:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1738:
1732:
1722:
1716:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1641:
1627:
1621:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1567:
1561:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1369:
1330:limited edition
1232:
1231:
1097:
1027:The Witches' Way
1019:The Witches' Way
787:Witchcraft Today
709:and her husband
656:Jack L. Bracelin
608:Carmina Gadelica
598:New Forest coven
547:Gardnerian Wicca
535:High Magic's Aid
515:Cecil Williamson
481:
433:Aleister Crowley
405:ceremonial magic
386:Battle of Narvik
327:Second World War
297:and then to the
242:history of Wicca
161:The Witches Rune
145:ceremonial magic
141:Second World War
118:Gardnerian Wicca
75:
72:1 September 1999
56:
54:
35:
21:
20:
6145:
6144:
6140:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6135:
6134:
6075:English Wiccans
6035:
6034:
6033:
6024:
6008:
5984:
5974:
5959:
5950:
5940:
5931:Doreen Valiente
5916:Frederic Lamond
5891:Robert Cochrane
5886:Charles Cardell
5873:
5867:
5824:
5807:
5801:
5777:Beatrix Watsone
5672:Grissel Jaffray
5587:Margaret Burges
5577:Magdalene Blair
5562:Allison Balfour
5557:Margaret Aitken
5544:
5538:
5509:Paisley witches
5399:Windsor Witches
5387:
5369:
5358:
5299:Andrew Chumbley
5282:
5278:Typhonian Order
5218:
5192:
5149:
5139:
5109:
5104:
5083:Flying ointment
4979:
4953:What Witches Do
4919:
4840:Book of Shadows
4793:
4717:
4696:Rite of passage
4661:Herbal medicine
4618:
4612:
4523:Wiccan morality
4515:
4509:
4466:
4447:Rosaleen Norton
4442:Frederic Lamond
4437:Philip Heselton
4392:Robert Cochrane
4372:Charles Cardell
4362:Eddie Buczynski
4332:Victor Anderson
4302:Doreen Valiente
4289:
4279:
4198:
4179:Blue Star Wicca
4148:
4139:
4106:
4101:
4051:Wayback Machine
4035:
4034:
4031:
4026:
4020:
4001:
3982:
3963:
3944:
3925:
3906:
3891:
3883:
3860:
3820:
3812:
3800: (2016).
3797:
3764:
3747:
3743: (2013).
3740:
3711:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3680:
3676:
3668:
3657:
3649:
3645:
3637:
3633:
3625:
3621:
3613:
3609:
3601:
3597:
3589:
3585:
3577:
3573:
3565:
3561:
3553:
3549:
3541:
3537:
3529:
3522:
3514:
3510:
3502:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3470:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3430:
3422:
3418:
3410:
3406:
3398:
3394:
3386:
3379:
3371:
3367:
3359:
3352:
3344:, p. 110;
3340:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3316:, p. 108;
3312:
3308:
3296:
3292:
3280:
3276:
3268:, p. 104;
3264:
3260:
3252:, p. 102;
3248:
3244:
3236:
3232:
3224:
3220:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3192:
3184:
3180:
3172:
3168:
3160:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3132:
3128:
3120:
3116:
3104:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3080:
3076:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3032:
3028:
3020:
3016:
3004:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2968:
2964:
2956:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2920:
2916:
2908:
2904:
2896:
2892:
2884:
2880:
2872:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2844:
2832:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2804:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2768:
2764:
2756:
2752:
2740:, p. 371;
2736:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2660:, p. 133;
2656:
2652:
2644:
2640:
2620:, p. 129;
2616:
2612:
2600:, p. 122;
2596:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2568:
2560:, p. 117;
2556:
2552:
2544:, p. 124;
2540:
2536:
2524:
2520:
2512:, p. 298;
2508:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2465:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2429:, p. 312;
2425:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2401:, p. 312;
2397:
2393:
2385:, p. 312;
2381:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2309:, p. 186;
2305:
2301:
2289:, p. 129;
2285:, p. 311;
2277:
2273:
2257:
2253:
2245:
2241:
2229:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2169:, p. 100;
2161:
2157:
2137:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2113:
2109:
2097:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2073:, p. 246;
2069:
2065:
2057:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2030:, p. 247;
2026:
2022:
2014:, p. 246;
2010:
2006:
1998:
1991:
1979:, p. 115;
1975:, p. 127;
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1943:, p. 126;
1939:, p. 244;
1935:
1931:
1923:, p. 244;
1915:
1911:
1895:
1891:
1879:, p. 244;
1871:
1867:
1855:, p. 126;
1847:
1843:
1831:, p. 244;
1823:
1819:
1807:, p. 113;
1803:, p. 126;
1799:, p. 244;
1791:
1787:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1739:
1735:
1723:
1719:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1644:
1628:
1624:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1568:
1564:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1377:The Independent
1371:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1319:Hexagon Hoopix
1227:
1186:
1165:
1140:
1116:Fairfield Halls
1099:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1056:Evan John Jones
1044:
989:Gaia hypothesis
962:Age of Aquarius
919:Northern League
914:Philip Heselton
848:
823:Glastonbury Tor
819:William G. Gray
815:Robert Cochrane
803:Charles Cardell
792:L'Estrange Ewen
711:Arnold Crowther
677:
581:Shepherd's Bush
558:Book of Shadows
495:Margaret Murray
483:
479:
471:
429:The Great Beast
362:Berkeley Street
255:
250:
222:Evan John Jones
210:Earth mysteries
183:Robert Cochrane
175:Charles Cardell
171:Book of Shadows
103:
83:
77:
73:
64:
58:
52:
50:
49:
48:
38:
26:
25:Doreen Valiente
17:
12:
11:
5:
6143:
6133:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6115:Wiccan writers
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6030:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6016:
6014:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6006:
6001:
5995:
5993:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5966:
5964:
5952:
5946:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5911:Gerald Gardner
5908:
5903:
5901:Stewart Farrar
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5877:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5845:
5843:
5836:
5830:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5811:
5809:
5808:Witch-prickers
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5767:Issobell Young
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5742:Isobell Shyrie
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5722:Alison Pearson
5719:
5714:
5709:
5707:Barbara Napier
5704:
5699:
5697:Elspeth McEwen
5694:
5689:
5687:Beatrix Leslie
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5612:Geillis Duncan
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5548:
5546:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5526:
5525:
5524:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5439:Pendle witches
5436:
5435:
5434:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5395:
5393:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5374:
5372:
5364:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5248:Alpha et Omega
5245:
5239:
5237:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5164:
5162:
5155:
5151:
5150:
5138:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5115:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4915:Witch's ladder
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4860:Chalice/Goblet
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4702:Eko Eko Azarak
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4573:The Summerland
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4519:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4505:Mother goddess
4502:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4485:
4480:
4478:Triple Goddess
4474:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4422:Raven Grimassi
4419:
4417:Stewart Farrar
4414:
4409:
4404:
4402:Phyllis Curott
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4312:Maxine Sanders
4309:
4304:
4299:
4297:Gerald Gardner
4293:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4255:Odyssean Wicca
4252:
4250:Georgian Wicca
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4210:1734 Tradition
4206:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4100:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4059:
4053:
4041:
4030:
4029:External links
4027:
4025:
4024:
4019:978-0709037156
4018:
4005:
4000:978-1905297702
3999:
3986:
3981:978-0709075677
3980:
3967:
3962:978-0992843069
3961:
3948:
3943:978-1870450584
3942:
3929:
3923:
3910:
3904:
3887:
3881:
3864:
3859:978-0992843069
3858:
3845:
3835:(1): 108β111.
3816:
3810:
3793:
3775:(2): 142β171.
3760:
3736:
3726:(2): 205β224.
3715:
3710:978-0992843069
3709:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3674:
3672:, p. 109.
3655:
3643:
3641:, p. 331.
3631:
3629:, p. 329.
3619:
3617:, p. 319.
3607:
3605:, p. 328.
3595:
3593:, p. 113.
3583:
3581:, p. 322.
3571:
3559:
3557:, p. 207.
3547:
3535:
3533:, p. 311.
3520:
3518:, p. 165.
3508:
3506:, p. 108.
3496:
3494:, p. 213.
3484:
3482:, p. 108.
3478:, p. 30;
3474:, p. 90;
3464:
3462:, p. 291.
3452:
3440:
3438:, p. 292.
3428:
3416:
3414:, p. 125.
3404:
3402:, p. 237.
3392:
3390:, p. 315.
3377:
3365:
3363:, p. 310.
3350:
3334:
3332:, p. 109.
3322:
3320:, p. 306.
3306:
3304:, p. 305.
3290:
3274:
3272:, p. 296.
3258:
3242:
3240:, p. 217.
3230:
3218:
3202:
3190:
3178:
3176:, p. 267.
3166:
3154:
3152:, p. 383.
3142:
3126:
3114:
3098:
3086:
3084:, p. 206.
3074:
3062:
3050:
3038:
3026:
3024:, p. 202.
3014:
2998:
2986:
2974:
2962:
2960:, p. 172.
2950:
2938:
2926:
2914:
2902:
2890:
2878:
2866:
2854:
2852:, p. 284.
2842:
2836:, p. 76;
2826:
2824:, p. 276.
2814:
2808:, p. 65;
2798:
2786:
2774:
2762:
2760:, p. 371.
2750:
2748:, p. 152.
2744:, p. 65;
2730:
2718:
2706:
2694:
2682:
2670:
2664:, p. 59;
2650:
2648:, p. 129.
2638:
2636:, p. 135.
2628:, p. 90;
2610:
2608:, p. 132.
2604:, p. 56;
2590:
2588:, p. 117.
2578:
2576:, p. 129.
2566:
2564:, p. 128.
2550:
2534:
2528:, p. 52;
2518:
2502:
2490:
2478:
2476:, p. 309.
2463:
2461:, p. 107.
2457:, p. 60;
2447:
2435:
2433:, p. 231.
2419:
2407:
2391:
2389:, p. 140.
2375:
2373:, p. 168.
2363:
2351:
2339:
2337:, p. 169.
2327:
2315:
2313:, p. 127.
2299:
2281:, p. 80;
2271:
2269:, p. 109.
2251:
2249:, p. 271.
2239:
2233:, p. 48;
2223:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2165:, p. 72;
2155:
2131:
2119:
2107:
2091:
2079:
2063:
2048:
2046:, p. 247.
2036:
2034:, p. 128.
2020:
2018:, p. 127.
2004:
2002:, p. 246.
1989:
1961:
1959:, p. 244.
1949:
1929:
1927:, p. 126.
1919:, p. 47;
1909:
1903:, p. 20;
1889:
1883:, p. 20;
1865:
1859:, p. 20;
1841:
1817:
1785:
1779:, p. 18;
1765:
1753:
1743:, p. 35;
1733:
1717:
1711:, p. 17;
1697:
1685:
1669:
1657:
1642:
1636:, p. 16;
1632:, p. 36;
1622:
1616:, p. 16;
1612:, p. 36;
1602:
1590:
1578:
1572:, p. 15;
1562:
1556:, p. 15;
1546:
1534:
1522:
1516:, p. 15;
1506:
1494:
1478:
1466:
1454:
1442:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1400:, p. 12;
1390:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1226:
1223:
1185:
1182:
1164:
1161:
1139:
1136:
1074:
1072:
1067:Aidan A. Kelly
1043:
1040:
1003:Stewart Farrar
993:The Witch Ball
985:James Lovelock
958:The Ley Hunter
954:earth energies
910:National Front
847:
844:
808:Raymond Howard
676:
669:
519:Gerald Gardner
472:
470:
467:
409:Alpha et Omega
331:Bletchley Park
254:
251:
249:
246:
214:Stewart Farrar
179:Raymond Howard
153:Gerald Gardner
137:Bletchley Park
105:
104:
102:
101:
98:
91:
89:
85:
84:
78:
76:(aged 77)
70:
66:
65:
59:
57:4 January 1922
46:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6142:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6011:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5990:
5987:
5981:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5963:
5956:
5953:
5947:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5870:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5831:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5804:
5798:
5797:Bessie Wright
5795:
5793:
5792:Janet Wishart
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5772:Marion Walker
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5762:Marioun Twedy
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5737:Agnes Sampson
5735:
5733:
5732:Elspeth Reoch
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5657:Helen Guthrie
5655:
5653:
5652:Isobel Gowdie
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5622:Isobel Elliot
5620:
5618:
5617:Bessie Dunlop
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5567:Margaret Bane
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5541:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5527:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5507:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5489:Alloa witches
5487:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5477:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5457:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5427:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5365:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5314:Kenneth Grant
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5236:Organizations
5234:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5209:James Murrell
5207:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5156:
5152:
5147:
5143:
5136:
5131:
5129:
5124:
5122:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5100:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5068:Witching hour
5066:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4976:
4975:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4922:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:Paraphernalia
4796:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:Cone of power
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4646:Fivefold kiss
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4615:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4578:Reincarnation
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4533:Rule of Three
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4512:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4462:Joseph Wilson
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:Jack Bracelin
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4286:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4230:Coven of Atho
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4098:
4093:
4091:
4086:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4021:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3954:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3935:
3930:
3926:
3924:9780738722887
3920:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3897:
3888:
3884:
3882:0-19-820744-1
3878:
3873:
3872:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3851:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3803:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3746:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3696:
3683:
3682:Heselton 2016
3678:
3671:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3652:
3651:Mortimer 2016
3647:
3640:
3635:
3628:
3627:Mortimer 2016
3623:
3616:
3611:
3604:
3603:Mortimer 2016
3599:
3592:
3587:
3580:
3575:
3568:
3563:
3556:
3551:
3545:, p. 26.
3544:
3539:
3532:
3531:Heselton 2016
3527:
3525:
3517:
3516:Heselton 2016
3512:
3505:
3500:
3493:
3492:Ruickbie 2004
3488:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3461:
3460:Heselton 2016
3456:
3449:
3448:Heselton 2016
3444:
3437:
3436:Heselton 2016
3432:
3425:
3420:
3413:
3412:Ruickbie 2004
3408:
3401:
3400:Heselton 2016
3396:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3374:
3373:Heselton 2016
3369:
3362:
3361:Heselton 2016
3357:
3355:
3347:
3346:Heselton 2016
3343:
3338:
3331:
3326:
3319:
3318:Heselton 2016
3315:
3310:
3303:
3302:Heselton 2016
3299:
3294:
3287:
3286:Heselton 2016
3283:
3278:
3271:
3270:Heselton 2016
3267:
3262:
3255:
3254:Heselton 2016
3251:
3246:
3239:
3238:Heselton 2016
3234:
3227:
3222:
3215:
3214:Heselton 2016
3211:
3206:
3200:, p. 84.
3199:
3194:
3187:
3182:
3175:
3174:Heselton 2016
3170:
3163:
3162:Heselton 2016
3158:
3151:
3146:
3139:
3138:Heselton 2016
3135:
3130:
3124:, p. 96.
3123:
3118:
3111:
3110:Heselton 2016
3107:
3102:
3096:, p. 54.
3095:
3090:
3083:
3078:
3071:
3066:
3059:
3058:Heselton 2016
3054:
3047:
3046:Heselton 2016
3042:
3035:
3034:Heselton 2016
3030:
3023:
3022:Heselton 2016
3018:
3012:, p. 54.
3011:
3007:
3006:Heselton 2016
3002:
2995:
2994:Heselton 2016
2990:
2983:
2982:Heselton 2016
2978:
2972:, p. 70.
2971:
2966:
2959:
2958:Heselton 2016
2954:
2947:
2946:Heselton 2016
2942:
2935:
2934:Heselton 2016
2930:
2923:
2922:Heselton 2016
2918:
2911:
2910:Heselton 2016
2906:
2899:
2898:Heselton 2016
2894:
2887:
2886:Heselton 2016
2882:
2875:
2874:Heselton 2016
2870:
2863:
2862:Heselton 2016
2858:
2851:
2850:Heselton 2016
2846:
2839:
2838:Heselton 2016
2835:
2830:
2823:
2822:Heselton 2016
2818:
2811:
2810:Heselton 2016
2807:
2802:
2795:
2794:Heselton 2016
2790:
2784:, p. 65.
2783:
2778:
2771:
2770:Heselton 2016
2766:
2759:
2754:
2747:
2746:Heselton 2016
2743:
2739:
2734:
2728:, p. 78.
2727:
2722:
2716:, p. 72.
2715:
2710:
2704:, p. 68.
2703:
2698:
2692:, p. 83.
2691:
2686:
2680:, p. 90.
2679:
2674:
2667:
2666:Heselton 2016
2663:
2659:
2658:Valiente 1989
2654:
2647:
2646:Valiente 1989
2642:
2635:
2634:Heselton 2016
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2618:Valiente 1989
2614:
2607:
2606:Heselton 2016
2603:
2599:
2598:Valiente 1989
2594:
2587:
2586:Valiente 1989
2582:
2575:
2574:Heselton 2016
2570:
2563:
2562:Heselton 2016
2559:
2558:Valiente 1989
2554:
2548:, p. 37.
2547:
2543:
2542:Heselton 2016
2538:
2531:
2530:Heselton 2016
2527:
2522:
2515:
2514:Heselton 2016
2511:
2506:
2499:
2498:Heselton 2016
2494:
2487:
2482:
2475:
2470:
2468:
2460:
2459:Heselton 2016
2456:
2451:
2444:
2443:Heselton 2016
2439:
2432:
2431:Heselton 2016
2428:
2423:
2416:
2411:
2404:
2403:Heselton 2016
2400:
2395:
2388:
2387:Heselton 2016
2384:
2379:
2372:
2371:Heselton 2016
2367:
2360:
2359:Heselton 2016
2355:
2348:
2343:
2336:
2335:Heselton 2016
2331:
2324:
2323:Heselton 2016
2319:
2312:
2311:Heselton 2016
2308:
2303:
2297:, p. 32.
2296:
2292:
2291:Heselton 2016
2288:
2287:Ruickbie 2004
2284:
2280:
2279:Valiente 1989
2275:
2268:
2267:Heselton 2016
2264:
2260:
2259:Valiente 1989
2255:
2248:
2247:Heselton 2016
2243:
2237:, p. 93.
2236:
2235:Heselton 2016
2232:
2227:
2220:
2219:Heselton 2016
2215:
2209:, p. 48.
2208:
2203:
2197:, p. 31.
2196:
2191:
2185:, p. 72.
2184:
2183:Valiente 1989
2179:
2173:, p. 31.
2172:
2168:
2167:Heselton 2016
2164:
2163:Valiente 1989
2159:
2153:, p. 31.
2152:
2148:
2147:Heselton 2016
2144:
2143:Ruickbie 2004
2140:
2139:Valiente 1989
2135:
2129:, p. 69.
2128:
2127:Valiente 1989
2123:
2117:, p. 95.
2116:
2115:Heselton 2016
2111:
2105:, p. 97.
2104:
2103:Heselton 2016
2100:
2099:Valiente 1989
2095:
2088:
2087:Heselton 2016
2083:
2077:, p. 88.
2076:
2075:Heselton 2016
2072:
2067:
2061:, p. 89.
2060:
2059:Heselton 2016
2055:
2053:
2045:
2040:
2033:
2032:Ruickbie 2004
2029:
2024:
2017:
2016:Ruickbie 2004
2013:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1987:, p. 30.
1986:
1982:
1981:Heselton 2016
1978:
1974:
1973:Ruickbie 2004
1970:
1969:Valiente 1989
1965:
1958:
1953:
1947:, p. 30.
1946:
1942:
1941:Ruickbie 2004
1938:
1933:
1926:
1925:Ruickbie 2004
1922:
1918:
1917:Valiente 1989
1913:
1906:
1905:Heselton 2016
1902:
1898:
1897:Valiente 1989
1893:
1886:
1885:Heselton 2016
1882:
1878:
1874:
1873:Valiente 1989
1869:
1863:, p. 71.
1862:
1861:Heselton 2016
1858:
1854:
1853:Ruickbie 2004
1850:
1849:Valiente 1989
1845:
1839:, p. 70.
1838:
1837:Heselton 2016
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:Valiente 1989
1821:
1815:, p. 68.
1814:
1813:Heselton 2016
1810:
1806:
1802:
1801:Ruickbie 2004
1798:
1794:
1793:Valiente 1989
1789:
1783:, p. 67.
1782:
1781:Heselton 2016
1778:
1774:
1773:Valiente 1989
1769:
1763:, p. 37.
1762:
1761:Valiente 1989
1757:
1751:, p. 58.
1750:
1749:Heselton 2016
1746:
1742:
1741:Valiente 1989
1737:
1730:
1729:Heselton 2016
1726:
1725:Valiente 1989
1721:
1714:
1713:Heselton 2016
1710:
1706:
1705:Valiente 1989
1701:
1695:, p. 66.
1694:
1693:Heselton 2016
1689:
1682:
1681:Heselton 2016
1678:
1673:
1666:
1665:Heselton 2016
1661:
1655:, p. 36.
1654:
1653:Valiente 1989
1649:
1647:
1639:
1638:Heselton 2016
1635:
1631:
1630:Valiente 1989
1626:
1619:
1618:Heselton 2016
1615:
1611:
1610:Valiente 1989
1606:
1600:, p. 50.
1599:
1598:Heselton 2016
1594:
1588:, p. 48.
1587:
1586:Heselton 2016
1582:
1576:, p. 47.
1575:
1574:Heselton 2016
1571:
1566:
1560:, p. 44.
1559:
1558:Heselton 2016
1555:
1550:
1544:, p. 40.
1543:
1542:Heselton 2016
1538:
1531:
1530:Heselton 2016
1526:
1519:
1518:Heselton 2016
1515:
1510:
1504:, p. 32.
1503:
1502:Heselton 2016
1498:
1491:
1490:Heselton 2016
1487:
1482:
1476:, p. 28.
1475:
1474:Heselton 2016
1470:
1464:, p. 14.
1463:
1458:
1452:, p. 13.
1451:
1446:
1440:, p. 17.
1439:
1438:Heselton 2016
1434:
1427:
1426:Heselton 2016
1422:
1416:, p. 12.
1415:
1410:
1404:, p. 14.
1403:
1402:Heselton 2016
1399:
1394:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1276:Natural Magic
1274:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:Pagan studies
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
977:Natural Magic
974:
970:
965:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
938:
936:
935:sex education
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
911:
907:
902:
900:
894:
892:
891:reincarnation
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
869:documentary,
868:
864:
857:
852:
843:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
811:
809:
804:
799:
797:
796:I am a Witch!
793:
789:
788:
783:
779:
771:
766:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:
726:Evening Argus
722:
721:
714:
712:
708:
704:
699:
698:heart disease
695:
691:
681:
674:
668:
666:
665:Pagan studies
662:
657:
651:
649:
645:
641:
640:Kenneth Grant
637:
633:
629:
620:
616:
614:
610:
609:
604:
599:
594:
593:Ronald Hutton
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:Robert Graves
496:
492:
488:
482:
476:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
449:religions of
448:
444:
443:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
343:Merchant Navy
340:
336:
332:
328:
319:
315:
313:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
259:Colliers Wood
245:
243:
239:
234:
232:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:and then the
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
99:
96:
93:
92:
90:
86:
81:
71:
67:
62:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
5970:Helen Duncan
5930:
5926:Alex Sanders
5906:Janet Farrar
5820:John Kincaid
5712:Alice Nutter
5682:Marie Lamont
5637:Agnes Finnie
5582:Janet Boyman
5368:Early Modern
5319:Dion Fortune
5099:Fluffy Bunny
5043:Cunning folk
5038:Granny woman
5030:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4713:Spiral dance
4700:
4651:Magic circle
4432:Yvonne Frost
4412:Janet Farrar
4327:Margot Adler
4307:Alex Sanders
4301:
4235:Dianic Wicca
4215:Celtic Wicca
4174:Algard Wicca
4132:
4009:
3990:
3971:
3952:
3933:
3914:
3895:
3870:
3849:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3801:
3772:
3768:
3758:(1): 75β101.
3755:
3751:
3723:
3719:
3700:
3692:Bibliography
3677:
3646:
3634:
3622:
3610:
3598:
3591:Tapsell 2013
3586:
3574:
3562:
3550:
3538:
3511:
3499:
3487:
3467:
3455:
3443:
3431:
3419:
3407:
3395:
3368:
3342:Tapsell 2013
3337:
3330:Tapsell 2013
3325:
3314:Tapsell 2013
3309:
3298:Tapsell 2013
3293:
3282:Tapsell 2013
3277:
3266:Tapsell 2013
3261:
3250:Tapsell 2013
3245:
3233:
3225:
3221:
3210:Tapsell 2013
3205:
3198:Tapsell 2013
3193:
3186:Tapsell 2013
3181:
3169:
3157:
3145:
3129:
3122:Tapsell 2013
3117:
3106:Tapsell 2013
3101:
3089:
3077:
3065:
3053:
3041:
3029:
3017:
3001:
2989:
2977:
2970:Tapsell 2013
2965:
2953:
2941:
2929:
2917:
2905:
2893:
2881:
2869:
2857:
2845:
2834:Tapsell 2013
2829:
2817:
2806:Tapsell 2013
2801:
2789:
2782:Tapsell 2013
2777:
2765:
2753:
2742:Tapsell 2013
2733:
2726:Tapsell 2013
2721:
2714:Tapsell 2013
2709:
2702:Tapsell 2013
2697:
2690:Tapsell 2013
2685:
2673:
2662:Tapsell 2013
2653:
2641:
2613:
2602:Tapsell 2013
2593:
2581:
2569:
2553:
2537:
2526:Tapsell 2013
2521:
2505:
2493:
2481:
2455:Tapsell 2013
2450:
2438:
2422:
2410:
2394:
2378:
2366:
2354:
2347:Tapsell 2013
2342:
2330:
2318:
2302:
2274:
2263:Tapsell 2013
2254:
2242:
2231:Tapsell 2013
2226:
2214:
2207:Tapsell 2013
2202:
2190:
2178:
2158:
2134:
2122:
2110:
2094:
2082:
2066:
2039:
2023:
2007:
1964:
1952:
1932:
1912:
1901:Tapsell 2013
1892:
1881:Tapsell 2013
1868:
1857:Tapsell 2013
1844:
1833:Tapsell 2013
1820:
1809:Tapsell 2013
1788:
1777:Tapsell 2013
1768:
1756:
1736:
1720:
1709:Tapsell 2013
1700:
1688:
1677:Tapsell 2013
1672:
1660:
1634:Tapsell 2013
1625:
1614:Tapsell 2013
1605:
1593:
1581:
1570:Tapsell 2013
1565:
1554:Tapsell 2013
1549:
1537:
1525:
1514:Tapsell 2013
1509:
1497:
1486:Tapsell 2013
1481:
1469:
1462:Tapsell 2013
1457:
1450:Tapsell 2013
1445:
1433:
1421:
1414:Tapsell 2013
1409:
1398:Tapsell 2013
1393:
1381:. Retrieved
1376:
1367:
1341:
1327:
1314:
1301:
1288:
1275:
1262:
1249:
1228:
1225:Bibliography
1214:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1187:
1178:
1174:
1150:
1145:Leo Ruickbie
1141:
1120:Dion Fortune
1100:
1094:
1075:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1007:Janet Farrar
997:
992:
980:
976:
972:
966:
957:
945:
942:John Michell
939:
923:John Tyndall
903:
895:
875:Alex Sanders
870:
860:
855:
825:held by the
812:
800:
795:
785:
781:
775:
758:
750:
738:
734:
730:
724:
720:Psychic News
718:
715:
686:
672:
652:
647:
644:Gerald Yorke
625:
606:
578:
551:
534:
531:Christchurch
523:
502:
484:
478:
474:
451:Spiritualism
440:
428:
425:John Symonds
421:magical name
398:
359:
346:
324:
295:West Country
256:
235:
218:Janet Farrar
191:
164:
160:
126:
109:
108:
74:(1999-09-01)
18:
6050:1999 deaths
6045:1922 births
6004:Maggie Wall
5985:and museums
5717:Mary Pannal
5667:Janet Horne
5552:Lilias Adie
5378:In Scotland
5354:A. E. Waite
4636:Handfasting
4563:White magic
4528:Wiccan Rede
4427:Gavin Frost
4347:Lois Bourne
4240:Faery Wicca
3567:Hutton 1999
3555:Hutton 1999
3150:Hutton 1999
3134:Hutton 1999
3082:Hutton 1999
3070:Hutton 1999
2758:Hutton 1999
2738:Hutton 1999
2510:Hutton 1999
2486:Hutton 2010
2474:Hutton 1999
2427:Hutton 1999
2399:Hutton 1999
2383:Hutton 1999
2307:Howard 2009
2283:Hutton 1999
2071:Hutton 1999
2044:Hutton 1999
2028:Hutton 1999
2012:Hutton 1999
2000:Hutton 1999
1977:Howard 2009
1957:Hutton 1999
1937:Hutton 1999
1921:Hutton 1999
1877:Hutton 1999
1829:Hutton 1999
1805:Howard 2009
1797:Hutton 1999
1745:Howard 2009
1219:Treadwell's
1195:Denise Cobb
1191:blue plaque
1138:Personality
969:Robert Hale
899:Glastonbury
879:Pagan Front
755:Wiccan Rede
694:black magic
675:: 1957β1969
661:Wiccan Laws
539:Middle Ages
511:Isle of Man
503:Illustrated
463:Charminster
390:Bournemouth
335:South Wales
325:During the
303:Southampton
198:Pagan Front
149:Bournemouth
139:during the
88:Occupations
6039:Categories
5951:witchcraft
5921:Sybil Leek
5702:Violet Mar
5677:Mary Hicks
5370:witchcraft
5344:Alan Moore
5329:James Lees
5154:Folk magic
5148:in Britain
5146:witchcraft
5073:Witch-hunt
4924:Literature
4905:Tarot deck
4764:Lughnasadh
4691:Initiation
4686:Invocation
4681:Divination
4631:Great rite
4619:and ritual
4598:Watchtower
4568:Otherworld
4558:Witchcraft
4548:Craft name
4483:Horned God
4342:Gavin Bone
4317:Sybil Leek
4270:Stregheria
4260:Reclaiming
4153:Traditions
3543:Kelly 2007
3424:Kelly 2007
1354:References
1241:Publisher
1107:Maresfield
1011:Lady Sheba
931:gay rights
770:Horned God
747:Sybil Leek
739:Prediction
589:St. Albans
574:Heel Stone
562:Stonehenge
507:Castletown
461:church in
299:New Forest
206:ley hunter
124:subjects.
53:1922-01-04
5992:Monuments
5983:Monuments
5782:Jane Weir
5752:Anna Tait
5642:Maud Galt
5632:John Fian
5433:1596β1597
5413:1589β1593
5324:Phil Hine
5287:Magicians
5197:Magicians
4875:Parchment
4789:Wild Hunt
4759:Midsummer
4676:Banishing
4641:Wiccaning
4488:Green Man
4265:Seax-Wica
3789:162659899
1359:Footnotes
1254:Aquarian
1157:World Cup
950:ley lines
751:Pentagram
703:Sheffield
636:talismans
566:Wiltshire
554:Midsummer
543:scourging
455:Theosophy
401:occultism
271:Methodist
248:Biography
97:priestess
82:, England
5872:Neopagan
5842:Variants
5383:In Wales
5309:John Dee
5188:Nicnevin
5161:Variants
4900:Talisman
4880:Pentacle
4850:Cauldron
4734:Solstice
4722:Holidays
4603:Familiar
4593:Summoner
4516:concepts
4457:Starhawk
4062:The Wica
4047:Archived
1153:football
1124:diabetes
1060:Starhawk
883:Chiswick
835:adultery
690:Brighton
447:esoteric
279:baptised
226:Brighton
163:and the
122:esoteric
80:Brighton
6013:Museums
5881:Artemis
5874:witches
5602:Meg Dow
5545:witches
5543:Accused
4984:Related
4890:Scourge
4870:Incense
4845:Candles
4774:Samhain
4754:Beltane
4739:Equinox
4666:Scrying
4608:Animism
4588:Skyclad
4471:Deities
4337:Artemis
4290:figures
4288:Notable
4111:History
4056:Letters
1383:5 April
1112:Croydon
885:, West
509:on the
437:Thelema
427:' book
366:Mayfair
364:in the
347:Pandias
263:Mitcham
61:Mitcham
5949:Modern
5392:Trials
5263:Oβ΄Aβ΄Aβ΄
5183:Goetia
5061:Hebrew
5056:Theban
4895:Statue
4855:Censer
4835:Boline
4820:Athame
4815:Amulet
4749:Ostara
4744:Imbolc
4016:
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1238:Title
933:, and
887:London
778:Sussex
737:, and
570:Druids
497:, and
417:Hebrew
394:racism
351:U-boat
287:Horley
267:Surrey
220:, and
129:Surrey
114:Wiccan
100:writer
95:Wiccan
5849:Wicca
5142:Magic
5051:Runes
4885:Runes
4830:Besom
4810:Altar
4784:Esbat
4769:Mabon
4617:Rites
4583:Karma
4553:Magic
4543:Coven
4203:Other
3785:S2CID
3748:(PDF)
1338:2014
1324:2011
1311:2000
1298:1989
1285:1978
1272:1975
1259:1973
1246:1962
1080:demon
863:Boots
731:Light
339:Barry
307:magic
283:vicar
133:magic
5960:the
5896:Dafo
5533:1711
5523:1704
5513:1696
5503:1684
5493:1658
5473:1619
5463:1612
5453:1612
5443:1612
5423:1590
5403:1579
5243:Aβ΄Aβ΄
5144:and
4910:Wand
4865:Horn
4825:Bell
4779:Yule
4322:Dafo
4245:Feri
4014:ISBN
3995:ISBN
3976:ISBN
3957:ISBN
3938:ISBN
3919:ISBN
3900:ISBN
3877:ISBN
3854:ISBN
3806:ISBN
3705:ISBN
1385:2019
1085:cock
1017:and
1005:and
735:Fate
603:Yule
453:and
69:Died
43:Born
4514:Key
3892:βββ
3837:doi
3827:".
3821:βββ
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3728:doi
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867:BBC
564:in
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