174:
117:
58:
Downward harmonization refers to the process of reducing regulatory requirements or standards in order to bring them into alignment with the lowest common denominator. This may be done in order to facilitate trade or cooperation between countries or regions with different regulatory regimes, or to
62:
Downward harmonization can take many forms, and may involve the reduction of standards for consumer protection, environmental protection, labor standards, or other areas. It may be driven by a desire to lower costs for businesses or to reduce barriers to trade.
66:
Overall, the process of downward harmonization is an important aspect of global trade and economic cooperation, and its impact on regulatory standards and the costs and benefits of trade and cooperation are areas of ongoing debate and discussion.
215:
158:
124:
99:
208:
239:
244:
249:
151:
201:
87:
144:
189:
132:
234:
89:
88:
Kenneth A. Reinert; Ramkishen S. Rajan; Amy
Joycelyn Glass; Lewis S. Davis (2 August 2010).
26:
of a country with an established economy "downward" to the trade laws of the country with a
8:
76:
27:
95:
173:
43:
185:
128:
47:
228:
181:
39:
35:
59:
reduce the costs or burdens associated with complying with regulations.
31:
23:
91:
The
Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy. (Two volume set)
22:
is an econo-political term describing the act of adapting the
116:
226:
209:
152:
94:. Princeton University Press. p. 1006.
216:
202:
159:
145:
227:
53:
168:
111:
13:
14:
261:
172:
115:
30:. This "harmonizing" may affect
1:
82:
188:. You can help Knowledge by
131:. You can help Knowledge by
7:
70:
16:Economic and political term
10:
266:
167:
110:
240:Economic globalization
184:-related article is a
42:, industry standards,
20:Downward harmonization
123:This article about a
245:Political term stubs
250:Globalization stubs
54:General information
77:Race to the bottom
28:developing economy
197:
196:
140:
139:
101:978-1-4008-3040-4
257:
218:
211:
204:
176:
169:
161:
154:
147:
119:
112:
105:
265:
264:
260:
259:
258:
256:
255:
254:
225:
224:
223:
222:
166:
165:
108:
102:
85:
73:
56:
44:quality control
17:
12:
11:
5:
263:
253:
252:
247:
242:
237:
221:
220:
213:
206:
198:
195:
194:
177:
164:
163:
156:
149:
141:
138:
137:
125:political term
120:
100:
84:
81:
80:
79:
72:
69:
55:
52:
48:anti-terrorism
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
262:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
235:World economy
233:
232:
230:
219:
214:
212:
207:
205:
200:
199:
193:
191:
187:
183:
182:globalization
178:
175:
171:
170:
162:
157:
155:
150:
148:
143:
142:
136:
134:
130:
126:
121:
118:
114:
113:
109:
106:
103:
97:
93:
92:
78:
75:
74:
68:
64:
60:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
190:expanding it
179:
133:expanding it
122:
107:
90:
86:
65:
61:
57:
40:minimum-wage
36:human rights
19:
18:
229:Categories
83:References
32:labor laws
24:trade laws
71:See also
50:, etc.
98:
38:laws,
180:This
127:is a
186:stub
129:stub
96:ISBN
231::
46:,
34:,
217:e
210:t
203:v
192:.
160:e
153:t
146:v
135:.
104:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.