289:
612:
678:
264:
600:
666:
525:
79:
651:
636:
624:
108:
65:
582:
450:
with a ruling in
February 1848, the Court of Cassation of Florence promptly extended the effectiveness of the measure to the entire grand ducal territory. Three years earlier, in 1845, Charles I had denied pardon to five thieves sentenced to death, having them executed in one fell swoop on the lawn in front of the gate of Lucca called Porta San Donato.
96:
420:
and his male descendants were recognized as having the right of reversion over the Duchy of Parma on Marie Louise's death; whereupon the reversion of the Duchy of Lucca to
Tuscany was also to take place. For its part, Austria undertook to pay, starting from June 1815, the huge compensatory annuity of
449:
In taking possession of his new state, on 11 October 1847 Leopold II promulgated an unexpected law which abolished the death penalty there, thus making the former Duchy of Lucca the only
European territory in which this measure was then legally in force. However, this situation did not last long as,
888:
Not a single time, during his government, had
Charles I pardoned a death sentence, despite having often granted amnesties and sentence reductions. It is possible that Leopold II simply intended to highlight the difference between the new grand ducal government, characterized by traditional aversion
965:
Case, Lynn M., ed. "The diplomatic relations between France, the grand duchy of
Tuscany and the grand duchy of Lucca, 2nd series, 1830-1848, vol 1, August 18, 1830 To December 28, 1843, Vol 2, January 9, 1844 To February 29, 1848-Italian-Saitta, A." (1961):
446:, with which he renounced the dukedom in advance, thus leading to its reversion before becoming Duke of Parma; which however happened within two months due to the sudden death of Marie Louise of Austria.
375:
on the end of its
Bourbon-Parma line of rulers or when the line would obtain another territory; no stipulation was provided regarding the final fate of the Duchy of Parma upon the death of its new ruler.
453:
From 1815 to 1818, the flag of Lucca was yellow and red horizontal stripes. From 7 November 1818, to 1847 the flag was white, with Maria Luisa's coat of arms and the yellow–red flag in the canton.
1060:
1022:
A Handbook for
Travellers in Central Italy: Including Lucca, Tuscany, Florence, the Marches, Umbria, Part of the Patrimony of St. Peter, and the Island of Sardinia.
406:
2356:
2346:
1053:
398:, and thus a sort of matriarch of the House of Bourbon-Parma, drastically rejected the stipulations of the Congress and induced her brother King
1046:
677:
838:
402:
to refuse them as well. She retreated into her family's Roman residence and would not take possession of her new duchy by any means.
2361:
611:
843:
Primo
Congresso Giuridico Italiano in Roma. Relazione sulla Tesi I.ª Abolizione della pena di morte e proposta di una scala penale
1411:
701:
The map absolutely lacks precision regarding the Duchy of Lucca and its external exclaves, as well as regarding the neighboring
432:, took possession of the duchy in her name, and she made her triumphal entry into Lucca with her son on 7 December following.
107:
2351:
760:
599:
2371:
1713:
1431:
2341:
2226:
1969:
1917:
886:. Introduction by Mario Seghieri. Anastatic reprint of the 1911 Giusti edition. Lucca: Maria Pacini Fazzi. p. 47 ff.
425:
665:
2108:
1779:
348:
269:
623:
2220:
1828:
1011:
443:
1069:
78:
17:
2366:
2331:
2238:
2326:
2214:
2118:
2062:
1220:
364:
2103:
2037:
1836:
1568:
1491:
1342:
650:
635:
569:
488:
383:
167:
70:
900:
405:
In 1817 the great powers finally found an accommodation: Ferdinand VII agreed to sign the Final Act and a
2321:
2232:
2184:
1875:
1362:
706:
411:
360:
64:
2178:
2172:
2123:
2113:
1543:
1528:
1391:
834:
710:
435:
When she died in 1824, Charles Louis assumed the government of the Duchy under the name of
Charles I.
395:
429:
2336:
2290:
1573:
417:
179:
2196:
1548:
1401:
1337:
856:
534:
95:
2376:
2316:
2284:
1959:
1851:
1813:
1308:
1238:
901:"La giustizia punitiva dà spettacolo: cinque teste di ladroni sul palco dell'ultima ghigliottina"
368:
141:
2244:
2190:
2138:
2128:
1964:
1907:
1578:
702:
574:
399:
372:
356:
282:
217:
84:
2208:
2052:
2004:
1990:
1818:
1558:
1471:
1421:
1100:
1083:
2256:
2133:
2072:
2057:
1980:
1944:
1900:
1890:
1668:
1640:
1446:
1290:
1188:
1132:
517:
8:
2278:
2009:
1912:
1895:
1885:
1740:
1663:
1486:
1481:
1416:
1316:
1226:
439:
524:
2202:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2067:
2032:
2027:
1985:
1949:
1808:
1703:
1625:
1598:
1538:
1441:
1426:
1264:
1244:
983:
424:
This time the
Infanta accepted and, on 22 November 1817, the Spanish ambassador to the
387:
340:
327:) was a small Italian state existing from 1815 to 1847. It was centered on the city of
204:
788:
2047:
2042:
1975:
1934:
1928:
1769:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1476:
1456:
1406:
1396:
1377:
1007:
907:
803:
Maria Luisa di Borbone. Gli affari ecclesiastici nel Ducato di Lucca : 1818-1824
344:
2264:
1846:
1841:
1764:
1698:
1693:
1563:
1533:
1501:
1357:
1302:
1281:
1259:
1038:
931:
320:
131:
45:
1787:
1755:
1750:
1730:
1593:
1553:
1523:
1506:
1466:
1451:
1436:
1367:
1352:
1269:
1249:
1122:
1032:
764:
514:
Only accepted the investiture in 1817; granted the rank and privileges of a queen
352:
1645:
438:
In October 1847, not feeling up to facing the turmoil that was a prelude to the
2270:
2160:
1760:
1735:
1608:
1603:
1588:
1583:
1518:
1513:
1496:
1461:
1254:
1232:
1176:
1115:
839:"Contro la pretesa necessità della conservazione della pena di morte in Italia"
722:
2310:
1954:
1792:
1296:
1170:
1142:
735:
391:
1327:
1182:
1162:
656:
641:
1880:
1745:
884:
Esecuzioni capitali a Lucca nel secolo XIX. Studio di documenti e ricordi
235:
987:
971:
714:
1147:
718:
581:
1865:
1347:
1152:
1095:
1127:
1088:
380:
1635:
1613:
1137:
1110:
442:, Charles concluded a treaty with the Grand Duke of Tuscany,
328:
307:
121:
1105:
148:
363:, which was bestowed on the former Empress of the French,
996:
Opera in the Duchy of Lucca, 1817-1847. PhD Diss. Music)
421:
500,000 francs already provided for by the Final Act.
863:(in Italian). Anno X. Firenze: Niccolai: 148 ss. 1848
1068:
805:(in Italian). Lucca: Accademia Lucchese. p. 35.
857:"PENA DI MORTE – Abolizione. FURTI VIOLENTI – Pena"
2308:
2254:
889:to the death penalty, and that of the Bourbons.
763:. www.agriturismopelagaccio.com. Archived from
2357:States and territories disestablished in 1847
1054:
456:
416:was stipulated by which the Infanta, her son
37:
1457:Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)
972:"La reversione del Ducato di Lucca del 1847"
784:
782:
2347:States and territories established in 1815
1061:
1047:
1001:
112:Imaginative map of Northern Italy in 1828.
106:
94:
1006:(in Italian). Lucca: Maria Pacini Fazzi.
898:
845:(in Italian). Roma: Pallotta. p. 61.
779:
1412:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
926:
924:
833:
800:
14:
2309:
998:(Catholic University of America, 1997)
969:
755:
753:
390:, widowed daughter-in-law of the last
388:Queen Consort (then Regent) of Etruria
1042:
932:"Lucca, Duchy of (1815-1847) (Italy)"
881:
27:Historical state in present-day Italy
921:
339:The Duchy was formed in 1815 by the
750:
728:
369:final act of the Congress of Vienna
355:. It was created to compensate the
24:
959:
349:Principality of Lucca and Piombino
270:Principality of Lucca and Piombino
25:
2388:
2221:United Provinces of Central Italy
1027:Ross, Janet, and Nelly Erichsen.
1070:List of historic states of Italy
676:
664:
649:
634:
622:
610:
598:
580:
547:22 December 1799 – 16 April 1883
523:
287:
262:
77:
63:
2362:1847 disestablishments in Italy
2203:Provisional Government of Milan
946:
892:
875:
789:Acte final du Congrès de Vienne
683:Middle Coat of Arms (1824-1847)
1402:City of Fiume and its District
1002:Giovannini, Francesco (2003).
849:
827:
818:
809:
794:
695:
13:
1:
1837:County of Apulia and Calabria
1343:Campagna e Marittima Province
688:
2352:1815 establishments in Italy
7:
2372:Former monarchies of Europe
2239:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
2233:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2185:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
1363:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
1004:Storia dello Stato di Lucca
994:DiQuinzio, Mary Elizabeth.
835:Mancini, Pasquale Stanislao
501:6 July 1782 – 13 March 1824
371:the Duchy was to revert to
361:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
100:The Duchy of Lucca (green).
10:
2393:
2342:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
2179:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
2173:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
1574:Prince-Bishopric of Trento
1544:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
1529:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
970:De Feo, Francesco (1966).
801:Quilici, Federica (1999).
713:and their exclaves in the
629:Duchy of Lucca (1824–1847)
617:Duchy of Lucca (1818-1824)
605:Duchy of Lucca (1815-1818)
591:
457:Dukes of Lucca (1815–1847)
351:, which had been ruled by
334:
2291:Free Territory of Trieste
2151:
2081:
2020:
2003:
1927:
1864:
1827:
1809:Principality of Benevento
1801:
1778:
1723:
1712:
1654:
1624:
1376:
1326:
1280:
1211:
1198:
1161:
1076:
976:Archivio Storico Italiano
303:
241:
231:
227:
214:
201:
197:
189:
185:
173:
161:
157:
147:
137:
127:
117:
105:
93:
59:
54:
32:
2197:Italian United Provinces
1549:Principality of Piombino
1338:Patrimony of Saint Peter
861:Annali di Giurisprudenza
671:Coat of Arms (1815-1824)
216:• Reversion to the
2285:Italian Social Republic
1960:Principality of Taranto
1852:Principality of Taranto
1814:Principality of Salerno
1569:Bishopric of Tarantasia
1392:Bishopric of Bressanone
1309:Duchy of the Pentapolis
882:Sardi, Cesare (1972) .
365:Marie Louise of Austria
142:Constitutional Monarchy
2367:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2332:House of Bourbon-Parma
2191:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1965:Terra Sancti Benedicti
1869:(from the 9th century)
1579:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
703:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
400:Ferdinand VII of Spain
357:House of Bourbon-Parma
324:
283:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
218:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
38:
2327:19th century in Italy
2209:Republic of San Marco
1991:Crown Colony of Malta
1819:Principality of Capua
1559:Marquisate of Saluzzo
1422:County of Santa Fiora
1084:Etruscan civilization
430:Eusebio Bardají Azara
128:Common languages
2005:French Revolutionary
1945:State of the Presidi
1669:Republic of Florence
1641:Domini di Terraferma
1291:Exarchate of Ravenna
1189:Western Roman Empire
1133:Nuragic civilization
407:new accessory treaty
384:Maria Luisa of Spain
367:. According to the
359:for the loss of the
343:, out of the former
2279:Free State of Fiume
2227:Kingdom of Sardinia
1970:Neapolitan Republic
1918:Kingdom of Sardinia
1913:Republic of Sassari
1741:Catepanate of Italy
1664:Republic of Cospaia
1487:Duchy of Montferrat
1482:March of Montferrat
1417:County of Guastalla
1317:Exarchate of Africa
824:Giovannini, p. 243.
705:and the duchies of
440:revolutions of 1848
426:Kingdom of Sardinia
2322:History of Tuscany
2109:Lucca and Piombino
1986:Malta Protectorate
1950:Duke of San Donato
1704:Republic of Ancona
1626:Republic of Venice
1539:Duchy of Mirandola
1427:Duchy of Guastalla
1265:Duchy of Tridentum
1245:Duchy of Benevento
1212:Barbarian kingdoms
1029:The story of Lucca
934:. www.crwflags.com
908:Provincia di Lucca
815:De Feo, p. 187 ff.
721:and on the nearby
341:Congress of Vienna
205:Congress of Vienna
2304:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2147:
2146:
2114:Massa and Carrara
1999:
1998:
1976:Hospitaller Malta
1935:Kingdom of Naples
1929:Kingdom of Sicily
1860:
1859:
1770:Duchy of Sorrento
1689:Republic of Genoa
1684:Republic of Siena
1679:Republic of Massa
1674:Republic of Lucca
1407:County of Gorizia
1397:Corsican Republic
1378:Holy Roman Empire
767:on 18 August 2013
711:Massa and Carrara
589:
588:
565:
345:Republic of Lucca
313:
312:
299:
298:
295:
294:
275:
274:
175:• 1824–1847
163:• 1815–1824
16:(Redirected from
2384:
2337:House of Bourbon
2265:Kingdom of Italy
2252:
2251:
2018:
2017:
1847:County of Sicily
1842:County of Aversa
1765:Byzantine Sicily
1751:Theme of Lucania
1721:
1720:
1699:Republic of Pisa
1694:Republic of Noli
1564:Duchy of Spoleto
1534:Duchy of Merania
1432:Kingdom of Italy
1358:Duchy of Ferrara
1303:Duchy of Perugia
1282:Byzantine Empire
1260:Duchy of Spoleto
1227:Ostrogothic rule
1209:
1208:
1077:Pre-Roman period
1063:
1056:
1049:
1040:
1039:
1024:J. Murray, 1861.
1017:
991:
982:(450): 160–207.
953:
950:
944:
943:
941:
939:
928:
919:
918:
916:
914:
905:
896:
890:
887:
879:
873:
872:
870:
868:
853:
847:
846:
831:
825:
822:
816:
813:
807:
806:
798:
792:
786:
777:
776:
774:
772:
757:
748:
747:
745:
743:
738:. www.alucca.com
732:
726:
699:
680:
668:
653:
638:
626:
614:
602:
585:
584:
559:
550:
546:
544:
528:
527:
504:
500:
498:
461:
460:
415:
291:
290:
279:
278:
266:
265:
259:
258:
243:
242:
223:17 December 1847
110:
98:
81:
71:Flag (1824–1847)
67:
49:
41:
30:
29:
21:
18:Duchess of Lucca
2392:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2296:
2250:
2153:
2152:Post-Napoleonic
2143:
2077:
2013:
2007:
1995:
1937:
1933:
1932:(1130–1816) and
1931:
1923:
1868:
1856:
1823:
1797:
1788:Emirate of Bari
1774:
1761:Theme of Sicily
1756:Duchy of Naples
1731:Duchy of Amalfi
1716:
1708:
1656:
1655:Other Republics
1650:
1628:
1620:
1614:County of Tenda
1594:County of Savoy
1554:Duchy of Reggio
1524:Duchy of Mantua
1452:March of Friuli
1384:
1382:
1380:
1372:
1368:Duchy of Urbino
1353:Duchy of Castro
1330:
1322:
1276:
1270:Duchy of Tuscia
1250:Duchy of Friuli
1213:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1194:
1173:(753 BC–509 BC)
1157:
1072:
1067:
1014:
962:
960:Further reading
957:
956:
952:De Feo, p. 187.
951:
947:
937:
935:
930:
929:
922:
912:
910:
903:
899:Brogi, Marina.
897:
893:
880:
876:
866:
864:
855:
854:
850:
832:
828:
823:
819:
814:
810:
799:
795:
787:
780:
770:
768:
759:
758:
751:
741:
739:
736:"Lucca History"
734:
733:
729:
700:
696:
691:
684:
681:
672:
669:
660:
654:
645:
639:
630:
627:
618:
615:
606:
603:
594:
579:
558:
548:
542:
540:
522:
502:
496:
494:
459:
409:
353:Elisa Bonaparte
337:
325:Ducato di Lucca
288:
263:
220:
207:
176:
164:
113:
101:
89:
88:
87:
82:
74:
73:
68:
50:
43:
39:Ducato di Lucca
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2390:
2380:
2379:
2377:Former duchies
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2317:Duchy of Lucca
2302:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2271:Italian Empire
2261:
2259:
2249:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2215:Roman Republic
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2167:Duchy of Lucca
2164:
2161:Duchy of Genoa
2157:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2015:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1872:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1736:Duchy of Gaeta
1733:
1727:
1725:
1718:
1714:Southern Italy
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1658:
1657:(c. 1000–1797)
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1609:County of Nice
1606:
1604:Duchy of Aosta
1601:
1596:
1591:
1584:Savoyard state
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1519:Duchy of Milan
1516:
1514:Duchy of Ivrea
1511:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1287:
1285:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1255:Duchy of Ivrea
1252:
1247:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1221:Odoacer's rule
1217:
1215:
1206:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1185:(27 BC–395 AD)
1180:
1179:(509 BC–27 BC)
1177:Roman Republic
1174:
1167:
1165:
1159:
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1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1116:Cisalpine Gaul
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1020:Murray, John.
1018:
1012:
999:
992:
978:(in Italian).
967:
961:
958:
955:
954:
945:
920:
891:
874:
848:
826:
817:
808:
793:
791:(art. 101–102)
778:
749:
727:
693:
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557:5 October 1847
555:
552:
551:(aged 83)
538:
530:
529:
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512:
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505:(aged 41)
492:
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468:
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458:
455:
336:
333:
317:Duchy of Lucca
311:
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305:
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297:
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285:
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34:Duchy of Lucca
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2389:
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2240:
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2026:
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2023:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
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1974:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1955:Duchy of Sora
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
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1936:
1930:
1926:
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1911:
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1793:Muslim Sicily
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1298:
1297:Duchy of Rome
1295:
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1187:
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1171:Roman Kingdom
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1154:
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1146:
1144:
1143:Magna Graecia
1141:
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1136:
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1129:
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1117:
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1019:
1015:
1013:9788872465882
1009:
1005:
1000:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
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968:
964:
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933:
927:
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895:
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830:
821:
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766:
762:
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737:
731:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
698:
694:
679:
674:
667:
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658:
657:Merchant Flag
652:
647:
643:
642:Merchant Flag
637:
632:
625:
620:
613:
608:
601:
596:
595:
583:
578:
576:
575:Bourbon-Parma
573:
571:
567:
563:
556:
554:13 March 1824
553:
539:
537:
536:
535:Charles Louis
532:
531:
526:
521:
519:
518:Bourbon-Spain
516:
513:
511:13 March 1824
510:
507:
493:
491:
490:
486:
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472:
469:
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454:
451:
447:
445:
441:
436:
433:
431:
427:
422:
419:
418:Charles Louis
413:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
392:Duke of Parma
389:
385:
382:
377:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
309:
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304:Today part of
302:
286:
284:
281:
280:
277:
271:
268:
261:
260:
257:
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116:
109:
104:
97:
92:
86:
80:
72:
66:
58:
53:
47:
40:
31:
19:
2267:(1861–1946)
2245:Papal States
2166:
2073:Transpadania
1646:Stato da Màr
1328:Papal States
1239:Lombard rule
1203:Early Modern
1191:(395–476 AD)
1183:Roman Empire
1163:Ancient Rome
1028:
1021:
1003:
995:
979:
975:
948:
936:. Retrieved
913:26 September
911:. Retrieved
894:
883:
877:
865:. Retrieved
860:
851:
842:
829:
820:
811:
802:
796:
769:. Retrieved
765:the original
740:. Retrieved
730:
697:
561:
549:(1883-04-16)
533:
503:(1824-03-13)
487:
452:
448:
437:
434:
423:
404:
386:, erstwhile
378:
338:
316:
314:
252:Succeeded by
251:
246:
85:Coat of arms
2293:(1947–1954)
2287:(1943–1945)
2281:(1920–1924)
2273:(1882–1960)
2257:unification
2247:(1814–1870)
2241:(1815–1866)
2235:(1816–1861)
2229:(1814–1860)
2223:(1859–1860)
2217:(1849–1850)
2211:(1848–1849)
2193:(1815–1859)
2187:(1814–1859)
2181:(1814–1859)
2175:(1814–1829)
2169:(1815–1847)
2163:(1815–1848)
2053:Parthenopea
2014:(1792–1815)
1972:(1647–1648)
1938:(1282–1816)
1920:(1324–1861)
1881:Agugliastra
1746:Longobardia
1383:independent
1233:Vandal rule
938:8 September
771:8 September
742:8 September
570:Maria Luisa
508:9 June 1815
489:Maria Luisa
470:Reign start
410: [
396:Ferdinand I
247:Preceded by
236:Luccan lira
210:9 June 1815
168:Maria Luisa
2311:Categories
2124:Pontecorvo
2082:Monarchies
2068:Subalpinia
2033:Cispadania
2028:Cisalpinia
2010:Napoleonic
1717:(774–1139)
1629:(697–1797)
1331:(754–1870)
1293:(584–751)
1241:(568–774)
867:2 December
723:Tyrrhenian
715:Garfagnana
689:References
562:Abdication
543:1799-12-22
497:1782-07-06
444:Leopold II
138:Government
2099:Guastalla
2089:Benevento
2021:Republics
1876:Judicates
1724:Byzantine
1381:and other
1319:(585–698)
1311:(554–752)
1305:(554–752)
1299:(533–751)
1284:(584–751)
1235:(435–534)
1229:(493–553)
1223:(476–493)
1214:(476–774)
1148:Iapygians
1031:. (1912)
719:Lunigiana
473:Reign end
180:Charles I
55:1815–1847
2058:Piedmont
1908:Oristano
1901:Logudoro
1891:Cagliari
1866:Sardinia
1599:Piedmont
1348:Holy See
1199:Medieval
1153:Picentes
1096:Samnites
988:26255565
966:455-456.
837:(1872).
467:Lifespan
347:and the
232:Currency
2139:Corsica
2129:Tuscany
2094:Etruria
2043:Liguria
1896:Gallura
1886:Arborea
1802:Lombard
1502:Tuscany
1492:Trieste
1128:Ligures
1089:Etruria
761:"Lucca"
592:Symbols
568:Son of
381:Infanta
373:Tuscany
335:History
321:Italian
203:•
190:History
132:Italian
118:Capital
46:Italian
2205:(1848)
2199:(1831)
2154:states
2119:Naples
1829:Norman
1636:Dogado
1507:Verona
1472:Mantua
1467:Istria
1447:Finale
1437:Ancona
1385:states
1205:states
1123:Veneti
1101:Latins
1033:online
1010:
986:
725:coast.
717:, the
659:(1820)
644:(1819)
479:Family
193:
153:
42:
2255:Post-
2104:Italy
2048:Lucca
2038:Italy
1589:Savoy
1497:Turin
1477:Milan
1462:Ivrea
1138:Umbri
1111:Celts
984:JSTOR
904:(PDF)
707:Parma
482:Image
476:Notes
414:]
329:Lucca
308:Italy
122:Lucca
2134:Elba
2063:Rome
2012:eras
2008:and
1981:Gozo
1780:Arab
1763:and
1442:Ceva
1106:Osci
1008:ISBN
940:2012
915:2023
869:2022
773:2012
744:2012
464:Name
379:The
315:The
149:Duke
1201:and
980:124
2313::
974:.
923:^
906:.
859:.
841:.
781:^
752:^
709:,
428:,
412:it
394:,
331:.
323::
1062:e
1055:t
1048:v
1035:.
1016:.
990:.
942:.
917:.
871:.
775:.
746:.
564:)
560:(
545:)
541:(
499:)
495:(
319:(
48:)
44:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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