1180:, and noted champion in the Karate tournament circuit, grew disillusioned with the point-sparring format and sought to create an event that would allow martial artists to fight to the knock out. Enlisting the help of promoter Lee Faulkner, training in boxing and combining the techniques of boxing and Karate for the first time in America, Lewis arranged the bout to be held at the 1st Pro Team Karate Championships. Lewis faced Kenpo stylist Greg "Om" Baines, who had defeated two opponents in years pasts. Lewis won the fight by knockout in the second round. The event was advertised as "Full contact" but the announcers referred to it as Kickboxing, and rules included knees, elbows and sweeps. Lewis would defend his U.S Heavyweight champion title 10 times, remaining undefeated until he came back from his retirement. In the early days, the rules were never clear; one of the first tournaments had no weight divisions, and all the competitors fought off until one was left. During this early time, kickboxing and
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443:
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2985:, with judges scoring the bout round by round using the 10-Point-Must system. Under this system, judges assign a score to each fighter based on their performance in the round, with the winner receiving 10 points and the loser a lower score, typically 9 or fewer. Judges must consider factors such as the volume of strikes landed, the damage inflicted, and the overall control exhibited by each competitor. Points are awarded for clean, impactful strikes that land on the opponent, as well as for evading or blocking incoming attacks and demonstrating control of the center of the ring.
427:
1683:, which were first formalised in the Netherlands in the 1970s. The primary difference between Muay Thai and Oriental Kickboxing was the prohibition of elbow strikes and throws. In addition, the amount of clinch fighting is drastically decreased. These changes were aimed at reducing injuries and making bouts more accessible to TV viewers. Oriental rules bouts were traditionally fought over 5, 3-minute rounds but 3 round bouts have since become popular. The male kickboxers are bare-chested wearing shorts (although trousers and
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1965:
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1800:
45:
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8406:
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775:
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may still choose to continue the fight once, unless they are knocked out in the final round. There are no points; if no knockout happens before the end of the fifth round, the fight is declared a draw. Male fighters are bare-chested and wear shorts. Protective gear consists of a mouth-guard, groin-guard, and wraps around hands and feet. Female fighters wear a sports bra and chest protection in addition to the male clothing and protective gear.
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7944:
1001:
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891:
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1983:, presenting the belts to classify the fighters in order of experience and ability. The male kickboxers wear shirts and kickboxing trousers as well as protective gear including: mouth-guard, hand-wraps, 10 oz (280 g). boxing gloves, groin-guard, shin-pads, kick-boots, and headgear. The female kickboxers will wear a sports bra and chest protection in addition to the male clothing/protective gear.
2143:
prohibition of elbow strikes and the limited knees strikes (only to the body). However, elbows were allowed when both parties agree to it. These changes were aimed at reducing injuries and making bouts more accessible to TV viewers. Like the Thai counterpart, the fights are accompanied with the traditional Thai music during a battle. The Dutch kickboxing rules were instrumental to the development of the
2342:
1883:) is essentially a mixture of Western boxing and traditional karate. The male kickboxers are bare-chested wearing kickboxing trousers and protective gear including: mouth-guard, hand-wraps, 10 oz (280 g) boxing gloves, groin-guard, shin-pads, and kick-boots and protective helmet (for amateurs and those under 16). Female kickboxers will wear a
1104:
Longtime
Kyokushin practitioner Noboru Osawa won the AJKA bantamweight title, which he held for years. Raymond Edler, an American university student studying at Sophia University in Tokyo, took up kickboxing and won the AJKC middleweight title in 1972; he was the first non-Thai to be officially ranked in the sport of Thai boxing, when in 1972
1172:' earliest cross-style full-contact style martial arts tournaments as early as 1962. Between 1970 and 1973 a handful of kickboxing promotions were staged across the US. The first recognized bout of this kind occurred on January 17, 1970, and came about when Joe Lewis, a Shorin Ryu stylist who had also studied
1028:", was interested in Muay Thai because he wanted to perform karate matches with full-contact rules since practitioners are not allowed to hit each other directly in karate matches. At this time, it was unimaginable to hit each other in karate matches in Japan. He had already announced his plan which was named
2519:
that features minimal rules and protective equipment. Lethwei not only allows the use of headbutts but actually emphasizes it, and fighters wear no gloves. Bouts can only be won with a knockout, either a proper or a technical. Uniquely, after one knockout and two minutes rest, the knocked out fighter
1766:
Gwon Gyokdo, also known as Kun Gek Do and Kyuk Too Ki is a style of
Kickboxing from Korea which was founded by Jung Mo-Do. It is a hybrid style which is composed by Taekwondo, Western Boxing and Muay Thai rules and techniques. Korean Kickboxing uses the basic kicking style of Taekwondo, but also adds
2931:
Xtreme
Gladiator is a hybrid style of Kickboxing created by the International Kickboxing Federation, which is a mixture of Boxing, Muay Thai, Sanshou, Wrestling and Judo techniques. Just like Shoot Boxing, it's also one of the only styles who allows submission techniques like joint locks, chokeholds
2224:
in the United States), contrast with full contact rules in that it also allows low kicks. The male kickboxers are bare-chested, wearing kickboxing trousers or shorts and protective gear, including mouth-guard, hand wraps, Boxing gloves, shin guards, and groin guard. The female kickboxers will wear a
1103:
was an especially popular early kickboxer. In 1971 the All Japan
Kickboxing Association (AJKA) was established and it registered approximately 700 kickboxers. The first AJKA Commissioner was Shintaro Ishihara, the longtime Governor of Tokyo. Champions were in each weight division from fly to middle.
921:. Charles Lecour was a pioneer of modern savate or la boxe française. He created a form where both kicking and punching was used. Lecour was the first to view savate as a sport and self-defense system. The French colonists introduced European boxing gloves into the native Asian martial arts in
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is the last opportunity to avoid an incoming strike to an unprotected face or body. Generally speaking, the hands are held high to protect the head and chin and the forearms are tucked against the torso to impede body shots. When protecting the body, the kickboxer rotates the hips and lets incoming
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The ISKA expanded into sport (tournament) martial arts about 15 years ago, and is a co-operator along with WAKO and Global
Marketing Ventures (GMV) in the global Open World Tour (OWT) the first worldwide pro circuit of sport karate professional competitors. It sanctions and assists in the annual US
1213:
was founded in 1992 by Steve Fossum and Dan Stell. Stell eventually stepped down to go back to fighting while Fossum continued with the organization. In 1999 Fossum and Joe Taylor of
Ringside Products created the first amateur open North American tournament for Kickboxing and Muay Thai, now the IKF
1056:
and Akio
Fujihira (also known as Noboru Osawa). The Muay Thai team were composed of only one authentic Thai fighter. Japan won by 2–1: Tadashi Nakamura and Akio Fujihira both KOed opponents by punch while Kenji Kurosaki, who fought the Thai, was KOed by elbow. The only Japanese loser Kenji Kurosaki
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Current idol of the young fans is
Tadashi Sawamura, 28, a 130-pound ex-karateka who has been knocking out all comers with his powerful knee kicks ever since he introduced kick-boxing to Japan about five years ago.Kick-boxing commands such an audience in Japan that it is now shown weekly over three
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moves the head laterally and beneath an incoming punch. As the opponent's punch arrives, the kickboxer bends the legs quickly and simultaneously shifts the body either slightly right or left. Once the punch has been evaded, the kickboxer "weaves" back to an upright position, emerging on either the
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Draka, also known as
Russian Kickboxing, is a hybrid style of Kickboxing which was developed and founded by Igor Ejov in 1992, and its mainly promoted by the World Wide Draka Federation (WWDF) and the International Kickboxing Draka Federation (IKDF). The first event where this style was featured,
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were allowed until the 1980s in international Muay Thai and are still partially allowed in
Thailand itself (though the boxers wear cups to lessen the impact). Kicking to mid-body and head are scored highly generating a large number of points on judges' scorecards. Moreover, kicking is still judged
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and Muay Thai were first introduced in Holland in the 1970s. European rules began to be developed by the Netherland Kick Boxing Bond in the 1970s when the late Jan Plas brought the sport from Japan to his native country. The primary difference between Dutch rules and full Muay Thai rules was the
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position. In one way to perform a clinch, the kickboxer loops both hands around the outside of the opponent's shoulders, scooping back under the forearms to grasp the opponent's arms tightly against his own body. In this position, the opponent's arms are pinned and cannot be used to attack. Other
1138:
is based on knockdown karate rules, but wearing boxing gloves and allowing punches to the head. In effect, it is oriental rules kickboxing with scoring based on knockdowns and aggression rather than the number of hits. As K-1 grew in popularity, Glove karate for a while became the fastest-growing
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combining Muay Thai and karate which he had introduced in 1958. The term was later also adopted by the American variant. Since there has been a lot of cross-fertilization between these styles, with many practitioners training or competing under the rules of more than one style, the history of the
3243:
There are three main defensive positions (guards or styles) used in kickboxing. Within each style, there is considerable variation among fighters, as some fighters may have their guard higher for more head protection while others have their guard lower to provide better protection against body
2752:. The male fighters are bare-chested wearing skin tight trousers and protective gear including: mouth-guard, hand-wraps, 10 oz (280 g) boxing gloves and groin-guard. The female kickboxers will wear a sports bra and chest protection in addition to the male clothing/protective gear.
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rotates the body slightly so that an incoming punch passes harmlessly next to the head. As the opponent's punch arrives, the boxer sharply rotates the hips and shoulders. This turns the chin sideways and allows the punch to "slip" past. Muhammad Ali was famous for extremely fast and close
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strikes. The male fighters are bare-chested wearing shorts and protective gear including: mouth-guard, hand-wraps, 10 oz (280 g) boxing gloves and groin-guard. The female kickboxers will wear a sports bra and chest protection in addition to the male clothing/protective gear.
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who founded NKBB (The Dutch Kickboxing Association) in 1976. Harinck also founded the MTBN (Dutch Muay Thai Association) in 1983, and the WMTA (World Muay Thai Association) and the EMTA (European Muay Thai Association) in 1984. The most prominent kickboxing gyms in the Netherlands,
739:, but Lethwei uses more punches and less kicks. Head butt, choking and throwing techniques are also used. The fighting intensity and momentum is also considered faster. No boxing gloves are used. There is also no scoring system and knockout is the only way to win a match.
1283:
is therefore mostly synonymous with American kickboxing. The low-kick and knee techniques allowed in Japanese kickboxing, by contrast, were associated with Muay Thai, and Japanese kickboxing went mostly unnoticed in German-speaking Europe before the launch of K-1 in 1993.
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arm bands. 4oz MMA-style, open-finger gloves are sometimes used. The female Thaiboxers will wear a sports bra and chest protection in addition to the male clothing/protective gear. Muay Thai is unique in that it is the only style of kickboxing that allows elbows,
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MMA in partnership with Silicon Valley Entertainment (SVE), an investor group who also own the San Jose Sharks. Norris passed the WCL to his son-in-law Damien Diciolli in 2007, and it has since become inactive. Strikeforce MMA was sold to UFC in 2011.
847:
describes two combatants boxing with clenched fists and fighting with kicks, finger strikes, knee strikes and headbutts. Mushti Yuddha has travelled along the Indosphere and has been a preceder and a strong influence in many famous martial arts of
944:. This was further explored during the early 1960s, when competitions between karate and Muay Thai began, which allowed for rule modifications to take place. In the middle of the decade, the first events with the term kickboxing were held in
2356:, rules usually sees bouts contested over 5, 3 minute rounds and male fighters bare-chested wearing shorts and protective gear including: mouth-guard, hand-wraps, shin-wraps, 10 oz (280 g) boxing gloves, groin-guard and sometimes
3009:– straight punch from the front hand. The arm extends from the side of the torso which is quickly turned concurrently with this action. A jab may be directed at an opponent's head or body, and is often used in conjunction with the cross.
3369:(CTE). This disease begins to develop during the life of the athlete, and continues to develop even after sports activity has ceased. In addition, repetitive and subconcussive blows to the head, and not just concussions, cause CTE.
2823:
was held in the U.S. by Ejov in association with World Wide Kickboxing Promotions. This style particularly resembles Sanda and Shoot Boxing with Muay Thai, Boxing, Sambo, Judo and Wrestling techniques added to the mixture.
1979:, is the variant of American kickboxing most similar to karate, since it consists in fighting for the purpose of scoring points with an emphasis on delivery, speed, and technique. Under such rules, fights are held on the
3091:- The Haymaker is a wide angle punch similar to a hook, but instead of getting power from body rotation, it gets its power from its large loop. It is considered an unsophisticated punch, and leaves one open to a counter.
3234:– is a highly-deceptive knee technique used in close-range fighting. The knee is lifted to the toes or lifted up, and is snapped to left and right, striking an opponent's sensitive knee joints, insides of thighs, groin.
757:
developed by Napoleon Fernandez. The art resembles Muay Thai in a sense, but differs in the hip torquing motion as well as downward-cutting nature of its kicks and with strong emphasis on delivering attacks from long
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punches "roll" off the guard. To protect the head, the kickboxer presses both fists against the front of the face with the forearms parallel and facing outwards. This type of guard is weak against attacks from below.
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uses the kickboxer's hands as defensive tools to deflect incoming attacks. As the opponent's punch arrives, the boxer delivers a sharp, lateral, open-handed blow to the opponent's wrist or forearm, redirecting the
3270:
outside or inside of the opponent's still-extended arm. To move outside the opponent's extended arm is called "bobbing to the outside". To move inside the opponent's extended arm is called "bobbing to the inside".
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faced against top Thai fighter Samarn Sor Adisorn, in which Sawamura was knocked down 16 times and defeated. Sawamura would use what he learned in that fight to incorporate in the evolving kickboxing tournaments.
3365:. There is no clear division between the force required to knock a person out and the force likely to kill a person. Also, contact sports, especially combat sports, are directly related to a brain disease called
1751:
is allowed (in some competitions clinching is completely illegal, in others only one single strike is allowed before the clinch has to be released, in other promotions just a few seconds of clinch are allowed).
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3048:
struck usually from the rear hand, the combatant hops on the front foot, kicking back with the rear foot and simultaneously extending the rear hand as a punch, in the form of "superman" flying through the
1073:, which absorbed and adopted more rules than techniques from Muay Thai. The main techniques of kickboxing are still derived from a form of Japanese full contact karate where kicks to the legs are allowed,
1036:
who was really interested in Muay Thai. Yamada invited a champion Nak Muay (and formerly his son Kan Yamada's sparring partner), and started studying Muay Thai. At this time, the Thai fighter was taken by
3216:(long-range knee kick or front heel kick). This knee strike is delivered with the back or reverse foot against an opponent's stomach, groin, hip or spine an opponent forward by the neck, shoulder or arm.
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both usually from the back hand – are strikes to the head, raising the arm and bending the arm at the elbow and then straightening the arm quickly to strike to the side of the head with the rear of the
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who was a promoter of boxing and was also interested in Muay Thai. The Thai fighter's photo was on the magazine "The Primer of Nihon Kempo Karate-do, the first number" which was published by Yamada.
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formed from the combination of elements of various traditional styles. This approach became increasingly popular since the 1970s, and since the 1990s, kickboxing has contributed to the emergence of
1119:
By 1980, due to poor ratings and then infrequent television coverage, the golden-age of kickboxing in Japan was suddenly finished. Kickboxing had not been seen on TV until K-1 was founded in 1993.
351:, having some influence, with competitions held since then. American kickboxing originated in the 1970s and was brought to prominence in September 1974, when the Professional Karate Association (
1116:. Most notably, Fujiwara was the first non-Thai to win an official Thai boxing title, when he defeated his Thai opponent in 1978 at Rajadamnern Stadium winning the lightweight championship bout.
2283:
Knee Strikes, elbow strikes, back fists, clubbing strikes, headbutts, palm strikes, anti-joint techniques, grabbing the opponent's legs and arms, holding a clinch for too long are all illegal.
1099:. By 1970, kickboxing was telecast in Japan on three different channels three times weekly. The fight cards regularly included bouts between Japanese (kickboxers) and Thai (Muay Thai) boxers.
682:— a combat sport with an emphasis on kicking and extensive use of clinching for elbow techniques (Ring-wise). It is also known as Kun Khmer and based on the fighting techniques of the ancient
1032:
in November 1959, and he proposed the tentative name of "karate-boxing" for this new art. It is still unknown whether Nak Muay was invited by Yamada, but it is clear that Yamada was the only
1134:) in 1993, kickboxing became famous again. In the mid-1980s to early 1990s, before the first k-1, Kazuyoshi Ishii also partook in the formation of glove karate as an amateur sport in Japan.
1234:
Open & ISKA World Championships that anchors the OWT and the North American-based NASKA Tour. The US Open & ISKA World Championships is broadcast live on ESPN2 and ESPN3 each year.
1057:
was then a kyokushin instructor rather than a contender and temporarily designated as a substitute for the absent chosen fighter. On June of the same year, karateka and future kickboxer
2298:
ISKA Kickboxing is a style promoted by the International Sport Kickboxing association from Europe, and it's a blend of Full Contact, Japanese, Muay Thai and Freestyle Kickboxing rules.
1955:
The Referee is responsible for fighter safety and keeping to the rules; judges count legal techniques and note the points on the scoring card or with the help of the electronic system.
7554:
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5390:
Concussion, microvascular injury, and early tauopathy in young athletes after impact head injury and an impact concussion mouse model - Brain, Volume 141, Issue 2, February 2018
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Since the 1990s kickboxing has been mostly dominated by the Japanese K-1 promotion, with some competition coming from other promotions and mostly pre-existing governing bodies.
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2264:
WKA Kickboxing is a style promoted by the World Kickboxing Association, and uses a mixture of Muay Thai, Japanese Kickboxing and Full Contact Kickboxing moves and rulesets.
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punches. Many fighters vary their defensive style throughout a bout in order to adapt to the situation of the moment, choosing the position best suited to protect them.
2016:
Punches, kicks and foot sweeps are awarded 1 point. Kicks to the head or jumping kicks to the body are awarded 2 points. Jumping kicks to the head are awarded 3 points.
3203:
The knee techniques in Japanese kickboxing, indicative of its Muay Thai heritage, are the main difference that separates this style from other kickboxing rules. See
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later) went to the Lumpinee Boxing Stadium in Thailand and fought against three Muay Thai fighters. The three kyokushin karate fighters' names are Tadashi Nakamura,
4965:
1085:, the first kickboxing sanctioning body, was founded by Osamu Noguchi in 1966 soon after that. Then the first kickboxing event was held in Osaka on April 11, 1966.
2255:
Bouts are 3 to 5 rounds for amateurs and 3 to 10 rounds for professionals, all rounds lasting 2–3 minutes each. Each round has a 1-minute rest in between rounds.
1195:
in 1976. They were the first organised body of martial arts on a global scale to sanction fights, create ranking systems, and institute a development programme.
883:, a form of kickboxing was used in its Anō Pankration modality, being able to use any extremity to hit. In addition, it is debated whether kicks were allowed in
1495:
5503:"Understanding the Consequences of Repetitive Subconcussive Head Impacts in Sport: Brain Changes and Dampened Motor Control Are Seen After Boxing Practice"
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Bouts are generally 5 rounds (lasting 3 minutes each) with a 2-minute rest in between, but 3 round fights with a 1-minute rest are used in some promotions.
951:
By the 1970s and 1980s, kickboxing expanded beyond Japan and had reached North America and Europe. It was during this time that many of the most prominent
5403:"Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome"
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Blocking – defender's hard blocks to stop a strike in its path so preventing it reaching its target (e.g. the shin block described in more detail below)
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5655:
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and occurs when the distance between both fighters has closed and straight punches cannot be employed. In this situation, the kickboxer attempts to
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Gloves, footpads, groin protectors and mouthpieces must be worn by all fighters while the use of shinpads, elbowpads and forearm pads isn't allowed.
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478:
The narrow use is restricted to the styles that self-identify as kickboxing, i.e., Japanese kickboxing (with its spin-off styles or rules such as
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ranked him no. 3 in the Middleweight division. Edler defended the All Japan title several times and abandoned it. Other popular champions were
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3464:"Directory : Kick-boxing is the hottest workout in town, thanks to a streetwise fighter called Catwoman. Here's where to get your kicks"
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3583:"Is it just karate without the philosophy? Not according to Big Daddy Chris Ozar reigning from Jersey City. He's been kickboxing for years"
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among others. Bouts organized under different governing bodies apply different rules, such as allowing the use of knees or clinching etc.
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3222:– can be delivered with the front or back foot. It makes an explosive snap upwards to strike an opponent's face, chin, throat or chest.
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There are a large number of special or variant kicking techniques, including spinning kicks, jumping kicks, and other variants such as
1203:
5048:
4481:
3159:(heel kick) – Extending the leg out to the side of the body, and hooking the leg back to strike the head with either the heel or sole
1737:
Fighters are allowed to strike their opponent with punches, kicks, including kicks below the waist, except for the groin, sweeps and
5401:
Montenigro, P. H.; Baugh, C. M.; Daneshvar, D. H.; Mez, J.; Budson, A. E.; Au, R.; Katz, D. I.; Cantu, R. C.; Stern, R. A. (2014).
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Fighters are allowed to strike their opponent with punches, knees and kicks, including kicks below the waist, except for the groin.
665:
Korean Kickboxing - Also Known as Kun Gek Do, it's a martial art created in South Korea which is a mixture of Boxing and Taekwondo.
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p. 150: "It is prohibited To perform more than one knee attack, while holding the opponent's neck or shoulders with two hands.
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3713:"Acute neuromuscular, cognitive and physiological responses to a Japanese kickboxing competition in semi-professional fighters"
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Opponents are allowed to strike each other with punches, kicks, including kicks below the waist, elbows, knees and headbutts.
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Fighters are allowed to strike their opponent with punches and kicks, including kicks below the waist, except for the groin.
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3673:""A HISTORY OF KICKBOXING" : NORTH AMERICA'S SURPRISINGLY TABOO 'KICKBOXING' HISTORY! (Part 1) : 1950s and 1960s"
545:(literally "feet-fists-boxing") is also used in the sense of "kickboxing" in the general meaning, including French boxing (
2613:
and modern combat fighting techniques; it combines traditional kickboxing, which include close range and rapid successive
980:
Along with the growing popularity in competition, there has been an increased amount of participation and exposure in the
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Spinning versions of the back, side, hook and axe kicks can also be performed along with jumping versions of all kicks.
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and strangles both standing and on the ground, although there is a 30 second or 1 minute limit time for groundfighting.
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3139:– Striking with the heel of the foot with leg parallel to the ground, can be performed to either the head, leg or body
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World Title bouts consist of 12 rounds, continental bouts consist of 10 rounds and national bouts consist of 5 rounds.
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into a sport that included kicking and boxing techniques. In 1743, modern boxing gloves were invented by Englishman
252:
4210:. OVXRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT53&dq=osamu+noguchi+kickboxing#v=onepage&q=osamu%20noguchi%20kickboxing&f=false.
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have been worn) and protective gear including: mouth-guard, hand-wraps, shin-wraps, 10 oz (280 g) gloves.
1651:) was the first combat sport that adopted the name of "kickboxing" in 1966, later termed "Japanese kickboxing" as a
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1987:
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17:
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Hamid Amni fighting at the Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games 2017 in Full-contact style with full-contact pants.
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5942:
5710:
4931:
3228:– can be delivered with the front or back foot. It makes a half circle spin and strikes the sides of an opponent.
3191:
Sweeping – One foot or both feet of an opponent may be swept depending upon their position, balance and strength.
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1388:
1188:
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The institutional separation of American full-contact karate from kickboxing occurred with the formation of the
343:. But nevertheless, the term kickboxing originated in Japan, in the 1960s, and developed in the late 1950s from
8455:
7869:
7059:
3431:
3063:) – a semi-circular and vertical punch thrown with the rear hand. It is usually performed when the opponent is
2424:
Fighters are allowed to strike their opponent with punches, kicks, including kicks below the waist, elbows and
1923:
6663:
4570:
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3535:
7909:
7543:
7069:
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2437:
Certain throws and sweeps are allowed (however hip throws and sweeps with the back of the ankle are illegal).
632:— a historical sport which developed in the 19th century. It is mostly known for its foot-kicking techniques.
5263:"Better and Safer Boxing: Ringside and Boardroom Medical Control of Boxing Careers in the Twentieth Century"
2196:
Clinching is allowed for 5 seconds at best and it's only legal if it's used to cause damage to the opponent.
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383:
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Di Virgilio, Thomas G.; Ietswaart, Magdalena; Wilson, Lindsay; Donaldson, David I.; Hunter, Angus (2019).
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ONE X results and highlights: Hiroki Akimoto wins the ONE bantamweight belt in a thrilling kickboxing bout
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There is no single international governing body, although some international governing bodies include the
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3304:
3182:. The stomp kick normally travels downward, striking with the side or base heel (typically the base heel)
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1919:
1911:
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1679:, and it was initially intended as a mix of Karate and Muay Thai, but it was later affected also by the
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See page 32 for the list of allowed strikes, page 35 for list of disallowed strikes, throws and sweeps
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1995:
1312:, were all derived from or were significantly influenced by Japanese kickboxing and kyokushin karate.
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3383:
3021:– rounded punch to either the head or body in an arching motion, usually not scored in points scoring
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Fighters must wear a uniform approved by the promotion, and it varies depending on the type of match.
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1418:
5049:
https://web.archive.org/web/20201029141951/https://www.lumpineemuaythai.com/about/about-muay-thai/
1516:
1148:
967:
593:
and throws are legal in competition as well as all other sorts of striking (use of arms and legs).
8003:
7937:
7854:
7773:
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7153:
7006:
6585:
6233:
6175:
6128:
6065:
5778:
3393:
3378:
3294:
3284:
1952:
Bouts are usually 3 to 10 rounds (lasting 2 minutes each) with a 1-minute rest in between rounds.
1030:"The draft principles of project of establishment of a new martial art and its industrialization"
265:
4318:
1135:
549:) as well as American, Dutch and Japanese kickboxing, and Burmese and Thai boxing, any style of
7492:
6996:
5849:
5768:
5700:
2190:
Knees are illegal when they're striking the head, but are legal when they're striking the body.
1991:
1676:
1280:
1021:
933:
659:
2574:
1044:
There were "Karate vs. Muay Thai fights" on February 12, 1963. The three karate fighters from
442:
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5808:
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5211:
4680:
4344:
3890:
3499:
3468:
3403:
3071:. The strategic utility of the drop relying on body weight can deliver a great deal of power.
2386:
2050:
Bouts are usually 3 rounds (lasting 2–3 minutes each) with a 1-minute rest in between rounds.
790:
Since kickboxing is a broad term, understanding the history can be somewhat difficult, since
754:
673:
31:
6783:
8328:
8265:
8258:
8018:
7889:
7864:
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7698:
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6803:
6735:
6280:
6275:
6170:
6133:
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5844:
5672:
5389:
4419:
3864:
2670:
2626:
2583:
2044:
2010:
1671:
adopted this ruleset. Oriental rules began to be developed by the Japanese boxing promoter
1522:
In the first two decades of the 21st century, several larger kickboxing promotions such as
1316:
952:
887:, and while there is some evidence of kicks, this is the subject of debate among scholars.
884:
720:
590:
6692:
4485:
398:, and World Kickboxing Network, among others. Consequently, there is no single kickboxing
8:
8435:
8033:
7874:
7600:
7595:
7585:
7512:
7487:
7424:
7388:
7296:
7083:
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6715:
6705:
6500:
6490:
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6420:
6185:
6155:
6123:
6007:
5987:
5947:
5798:
2911:
2853:
2654:
2579:
1767:
typical Muay Thai techniques, as well as footwork and dodging tactics of Western Boxing.
1668:
1606:
1531:
1218:
1181:
1105:
791:
783:
573:
569:
Japanese kickboxing — combat style created in Japan, and origin of the term "kickboxing".
550:
518:
368:
332:
313:
305:
4125:
1757:
Bouts are 3 to 5 rounds (lasting 3 minutes each) with a 1-minute rest in between rounds.
8238:
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7195:
7125:
6872:
6720:
6138:
5864:
5761:
5537:
5502:
5478:
5453:
5429:
5402:
4815:"This sport needs a role model To its followers, kickboxing is the best of both worlds"
4107:
3740:
3612:
3309:
3142:
2915:
2414:
2382:
2317:
Special foul rules are used for spinning back fists, and it often results in penalties.
1707:
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1523:
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825:
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407:
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119:
101:
6845:
5136:
4966:"Liam Harrison talks upcoming ONE Championship fight and ongoing beef with Dave Leduc"
4619:
4457:
3648:
2233:
1352:
335:, the first documentation on the use of kicking and punching in sports combat is from
8313:
7899:
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6292:
6285:
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5524:
5483:
5434:
5372:
5364:
5323:
5315:
5107:
4761:
4269:
4201:
4052:
3995:
3812:
3732:
3448:
3427:
3278:
2800:
2749:
2410:
2326:
Surpassing a specific number of Knockdowns during the bout don't determine a TKO win.
1915:
1719:
1480:
1438:
1408:
1272:
779:
489:
combat sports that allow both punching and kicking, including those mentioned above,
486:
7958:
5270:
4248:"Origins of Japanese Kickboxing – The Karate vs Muay Thai Fight That Started It All"
2582:
on his opponent. Uniquely among kickboxing styles, Sanda allows fighters to perform
2019:
Hook kicks and Axe kicks are allowed but must be executed with the sole of the foot.
1340:
672:
family of kickboxing sports (also known as the ethnic neutral term of "muay" at the
8386:
8303:
8233:
8043:
7904:
7738:
6002:
5926:
5783:
5532:
5514:
5473:
5465:
5424:
5414:
5354:
5305:
4099:
3744:
3728:
3724:
3342:. It is often in the clinch where knee, elbow, sweep and throw techniques are used.
3265:
3064:
2813:
Bouts are 3 rounds (lasting 3 minutes each) with a 1-minute rest in between rounds.
2700:
Bouts are 5 rounds (lasting 3 minutes each) with a 1-minute rest in between rounds.
2559:
Bouts are 5 rounds (lasting 3 minutes each) with a 2-minute rest in between rounds.
2540:
2274:
The contestants must wear uniforms, tapes and bandages approved by the association.
2151:
2111:
1723:
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1527:
1442:
1398:
1336:
1100:
1074:
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355:) held the first World Championships. Historically, kickboxing can be considered a
297:
214:
196:
192:
146:
5608:
5060:
4701:"The champion also lost a point in the 4th round for repeatedly using the clinch"
2374:
highly even if the kick was blocked. In contrast, punching is worth fewer points.
2225:
sports bra and chest protection in addition to the male clothing/protective gear.
8440:
7927:
7819:
7783:
7778:
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7453:
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3322:
3112:
2857:
2796:
2764:
2694:
2650:
2553:
2476:
2467:
A Lethwei match. Different from other kickboxing styles, it is fought bareknuckle
2431:
2378:
2366:
2187:
Elbow strikes are illegal, but can be allowed if both fighters agree to use them.
2068:
2040:
1999:
1946:
1813:
1748:
1567:
1462:
1453:
1123:
1109:
600:
403:
364:
86:
66:
5563:
Muay Thai Kickboxing – The Ultimate Guide to Conditioning, Training and Fighting
4775:
4595:
1315:
Dutch athletes have been very successful in the K-1 competitions. Out of the 19
1271:, American-styled kickboxing was promulgated from its inception in the 1970s by
1153:
8318:
8223:
8107:
8061:
7713:
7678:
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7635:
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6857:
6590:
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6325:
6265:
6253:
6208:
6203:
5454:"Effects of Subconcussive Head Trauma on the Default Mode Network of the Brain"
5047:
Lumpinee Stadium rules only disallow knee strikes to the groin, see rule 19.8:
4162:
Coleman, J. (1982, February). The Fighting Sport of France. Black Belt, 28-32.
3426:
Pyx Lax (Kick-Punch) Kick Boxing: Ancient Greek Martial Arts by Gregory Zorzos
3318:
3119:– Striking with the front of the foot or the shin to the head or the body in a
3088:
3082:
3045:
3012:
2999:
2674:
2614:
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2159:
2034:
1933:
1907:
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880:
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372:
336:
269:
5419:
5310:
5293:
5088:
4620:"Unified Rules of Professional Kickboxing – Association of Boxing Commissions"
973:
In Europe the sport found marginal success but did not thrive until the 1990s.
8429:
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8375:
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7753:
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1512:
1447:
1403:
1328:
1324:
1319:
championship titles issued from 1993 to 2012, 15 went to Dutch participants (
1305:
1169:
1095:
Kickboxing boomed and became popular in Japan as it began to be broadcast on
1038:
914:
902:
817:
728:
705:
651:
530:
490:
340:
321:
281:
177:
7947:
5122:
4321:["Kick Demon" Tadashi Sawamura dies, hospitalized for lung cancer].
2286:
Opponents who stall for too long during the fight are warned by the referee.
2280:
Standard fouls (eye gouges, groin shots, bites, insults, etc.), are illegal.
1081:
were allowed to distinguish it from Muay Thai. This was later repealed. The
686:. It adopted boxing gloves, the boxing ring and rules inspired by European
8333:
8308:
8275:
8270:
8253:
8243:
8190:
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5803:
5773:
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5438:
5376:
5327:
4172:
3736:
3362:
2871:
2486:
2462:
2370:
2078:
2009:
Fighters can score through punches or kicks, striking above the waist, and
1964:
1823:
1703:
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1577:
1332:
1309:
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1005:
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293:
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261:
76:
5469:
5074:
3912:
3205:
2323:
A knockout is declared after the fighter doesn't get up suring an 8 count.
1799:
276:. Kickboxing originated in the 1950s to 1970s. The fight takes place in a
44:
8228:
8216:
8097:
7859:
7814:
7768:
7240:
6907:
6867:
6810:
6620:
6320:
6243:
5889:
5823:
4031:
3567:
2772:
2756:
2710:
2662:
2629:, throws, sweeps, kick catches, and in some competitions, even elbow and
2528:
2229:
2171:
2088:
1899:
1860:
1727:
1711:
1620:
1320:
1288:
1161:
1127:
1000:
843:
697:(Ancient boxing) — Predecessor of Muay Thai, allows the use of headbutts.
596:
479:
301:
277:
187:
111:
90:
5452:
Johnson, B.; Neuberger, T.; Gay, M.; Hallett, M.; Slobounov, S. (2014).
4509:
2951:
Knees are allowed to the head, body and shins when the fight is upright.
2725:) is a unique style of hybrid kickboxing popular in Japan that utilizes
2320:
Blocking an opponent's limb to prevent him/her from striking is illegal.
2289:
A Knockout is declared of the fighter doesn't stand up after an 8 count.
2205:
1012:
On December 20, 1959, a Muay Thai match among Thai fighters was held at
753:— Sayaw ng Kamatayan (Dance of Death) is the proper name for Yaw-Yan, a
8211:
8195:
8164:
8066:
8013:
8008:
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6270:
5910:
5879:
5813:
3358:
3327:
3126:
3074:
2532:
2524:
2277:
The contestants also wear groin protectors, mouthpieces and hair stays.
2155:
1887:
and chest protection in addition to the male clothing/protective gear.
1884:
1471:
1301:
1131:
1096:
981:
960:
872:
774:
694:
526:
4111:
4087:
4048:
The Victor's Crown: A History of Ancient Sport from Homer to Byzantium
3627:
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6740:
6615:
6580:
6570:
6470:
6429:
6407:
6260:
6198:
5741:
5294:"Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A paradigm in search of evidence?"
3947:
3331:
3314:
3185:
3156:
3136:
2907:
2895:
2861:
2741:
2733:
2721:
2642:
2622:
2390:
2336:
2107:
1695:
1684:
1655:. Since the 1990s, many of the largest kickboxing promotions such as
1610:
1348:
1177:
1165:
1066:
1049:
959:
In Japan the sport was widely popular and was regularly broadcast on
941:
853:
736:
701:
618:
610:
498:
494:
309:
115:
6415:
1206:
have been the only organizations to have thrived in the modern era.
331:
Although since the dawn of humanity people have faced each other in
30:"Kickboxer" redirects here. For the Jean-Claude Van Damme film, see
8380:
8370:
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1652:
1508:
1423:
1344:
1292:
1078:
1033:
865:
857:
836:
830:
816:
in Iraq from the 3rd millennium BC. Forms of kickboxing existed in
743:
724:
723:
of which has now grown into a popular kickboxing event that allows
655:
647:
510:
58:
4537:"ONE Championship's Super Series debuts on Friday | BusinessWorld"
3100:
1519:
is limited to punches and kicks only above the belt (high kicks).
1130:
karate) produced K-1 under special kickboxing rules (no elbow and
8323:
8174:
8159:
8123:
8028:
7368:
7323:
7258:
7208:
6935:
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6815:
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1013:
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586:
578:
502:
317:
1217:
After ending its venture with K-1 in 2006, ISKA co-operated the
809:
The earliest known depiction of any type of boxing comes from a
538:
individual styles cannot be seen in isolation from one another.
8169:
8128:
7824:
7590:
7476:
7378:
7363:
7333:
7318:
7286:
7263:
7248:
7218:
7203:
7176:
6882:
6658:
6610:
6560:
6535:
6018:
2982:
2966:
Kicks and knees to the head of a grounded opponent are illegal.
2891:
2115:
1980:
1856:
966:
In North America the sport had unclear rules so kickboxing and
937:
918:
813:
687:
629:
622:
614:
606:
American kickboxing — a style originating in the United States.
546:
506:
348:
344:
325:
5595:
Willem Brunekreef, The Golden Kyokushin and K-1 Encyclopedia,
5343:"New insights into the long-term effects of mild brain injury"
4571:"Bellator Kickboxing's Weight Classes & Rule Set Revealed"
3971:"Lethwei boxing in Myanmar: Asia's new martial arts sensation"
1249:
7011:
6763:
6555:
6530:
5029:"Preparing for your first Thai rules fight. – Damien Trainor"
4396:"What Is Japanese Kickboxing? Easily Explained For Beginners"
3326:
forms of clinch involve getting control of opponents neck by
2827:
Fighters are allowed to use kicks, knees, punches and elbows.
2786:, including kicks below the waist, except for the groin, and
2618:
2311:
The use of grappling techniques, except sweeps are forbidden.
2023:
1587:
1017:
945:
810:
806:
have probably existed throughout the world since prehistory.
778:
Pankratiasts fighting under the eyes of a judge. Side B of a
451:
435:
4375:"Kickboxing – Persian International Martial Arts Federation"
3987:
2026:
is seldom allowed, save for jumping and spinning techniques.
1503:
Kickboxing has a number of different rulesets. For example,
1088:
Tatsu Yamada died in 1967, but his dojo changed its name to
446:
800 year old Cambodian stone carving of an early version of
8143:
7373:
7328:
7253:
7213:
6465:
6425:
6367:
6310:
6238:
5400:
4791:"Trying to Reignite Kickboxing in the USA | FIGHTLAND"
4476:
4474:
3608:"Kickboxing climbs up to be at par with other martial arts"
2903:
2783:
2341:
1949:
and grappling are forbidden, sweeps are legal boot-to-boot.
1538:
rule set, which allows knee strikes, kicking and punching.
1434:
Some of the notable kickboxing promoters in the world are:
1393:
926:
925:. The use of European boxing gloves spread to neighboring
795:
704:— a modern Thai martial art that allows punching, kicking,
289:
273:
244:
62:
5451:
936:
first established an outline of a new sport that combined
599:— A Japanese form of kickboxing which allows throwing and
232:
7653:
7445:
5756:
5006:
Muay Thai Blog & Journalism | Sylvie von Duuglas-Ittu
3006:
2782:
Opponents are allowed to strike each other with punches,
2144:
1656:
1457:
1383:
1374:
Some of the top kickboxing promotions in the world are:
1092:, and kept sending kickboxers off to support kickboxing.
1069:
and developed a combined martial art which Noguchi named
411:
241:
223:
4471:
2981:
Kickboxing matches are judged using a similar system to
2939:
Closed, Hemmer, Open Handed fists and strikes are legal.
2830:
The use of takedowns, throws and sweeps is also allowed.
2691:
are forbidden (with the exception of some competitions).
609:
Dutch Kickboxing — incorporate from three combat arts —
6650:
5565:, Chad Boykin, 2002, Paladin Press, Boulder, Colorado.
5002:"Illegal Throws in Muay Thai – Just What Can't You Do?"
932:
It was during the 1950s that a Japanese karateka named
639:
is mostly built around punching and kicking techniques.
4907:"Wako - World Association of Kickboxing Organizations"
4906:
4842:"Wako - World Association of Kickboxing Organizations"
4841:
3886:"Fitness Bound; Holiday pounds? Give 'em a swift kick"
3133:– Striking face or chest on with the balls of the foot
2976:
2605:) is a form of kickboxing originally developed by the
7988:
841:
compiled in the middle of the 2nd millennium BC. The
253:
238:
235:
226:
220:
4996:
4994:
4911:
Wako - World Association of Kickboxing Organizations
4846:
Wako - World Association of Kickboxing Organizations
4443:. September 3, 2001. Retrieved on November 25, 2010.
4430:
4140:"Now and then: boxing gloves | Sport | The Observer"
3526:"Powerful! Kickboxing Is A Killer, Thriller Workout"
482:
and K-1), Dutch kickboxing, and American kickboxing.
229:
4427:(October 21, 2001). Retrieved on November 25, 2010.
4245:
3717:
The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
3649:"Kickboxing Rules: How To Kickbox | Rules of Sport"
2228:Notable fighters under international rules include
1890:Notable fighters under full contact rules include,
1291:kickboxing was introduced in its Japanese form, by
581:(Chinese kickboxing) — The applicable component of
217:
7895:List of deaths due to injuries sustained in boxing
2957:Every tipe of throw, slam and takedown is allowed.
2609:based upon the study and practices of traditional
2047:(with the exception of foot sweeps) are forbidden.
1986:Notable fighters under semi-contact rules include
690:after the arrival of French colonists in Cambodia.
525:The term itself was introduced in the 1960s as a
4991:
4420:K-1 hits the spot: Ultimate fighters pack a punch
4013:
2755:Notable fighters under shootboxing rules include
1490:
1204:International Sport Kickboxing Association (ISKA)
963:before going into a dark period during the 1980s.
8427:
3357:Knocking a person unconscious or even causing a
27:Full-contact hybrid martial art and combat sport
5023:
5021:
4565:
4563:
3549:
2998:Punching techniques are very much identical to
2377:Notable fighters under Muay Thai rules include
467:
402:, and champion titles are issued by individual
3188:– is delivered with the base heel of the foot.
2839:
746:— Laotian boxing which is similar to Muay Thai
474:can be used in a narrow and in a broad sense.
461:
7974:
7461:
6034:
5649:
4504:
4502:
3993:
3706:
3704:
2637:Notable fighters under Sanshou rules include
2523:Notable fighters under Lethwei rules include
1932:Opponents are allowed to hit each other with
1277:World Association of Kickboxing Organizations
1263:World Association of Kickboxing Organizations
1241:(primarily amateurs) and KICK International.
1239:World Association of Kickboxing Organizations
556:
380:World Association of Kickboxing Organizations
5663:
5162:"Understanding the Muay Thai Scoring System"
5018:
4981:
4979:
4641:
4639:
4560:
3495:"Offering a Fighting Chance to Get in Shape"
3422:
3420:
3418:
3085:that was delivered seemingly from the floor.
2948:Oblique kicks to the inside leg are allowed.
2942:Forearm strikes and Elbow strikes are legal.
2833:Groundfighting and chokeholds are forbidden.
1237:Other kickboxing sanctioning bodies include
288:, shorts, and bare feet to favor the use of
3804:
3444:"Is it just karate without the philosophy?"
2181:Rounds are up to 3 and they last 3 minutes.
2150:Notable fighters under Dutch rules include
1777:Elbow strikes and knee strikes are allowed.
517:, and certain styles of karate (especially
485:In the wider sense, it includes all modern
7981:
7967:
7468:
7454:
6041:
6027:
5656:
5642:
5291:
4707:
4531:
4529:
4499:
4438:Turning the martial arts into mondo mayhem
4412:
4394:Staff, MMAchannel com (30 November 2021).
4241:
4239:
4088:"The Evidence for Kicking in Greek Boxing"
3996:"Encyclopædia Britannica entry for Boxing"
3701:
3321:or "tie up" the opponent's hands or enter
7850:International Women's Boxing Hall of Fame
5536:
5518:
5477:
5428:
5418:
5358:
5309:
4976:
4636:
4349:Black Belt Magazine (December 1971 Issue)
4265:Physical Exercises & the Martial Arts
4198:The Complete Martial Arts Training Manual
3635:"A History and Style Guide of Kickboxing"
3415:
2515:is a type of kickboxing originating from
1690:Notable fighters under K-1 rules include
1339:). The remaining four titles were won by
1211:International Kickboxing Federation (IKF)
1200:International Kickboxing Federation (IKF)
4085:
3968:
3943:"Get in shape at a Thai kickboxing camp"
3710:
3099:
2573:
2340:
2204:
1963:
1494:
1369:
1275:, who in 1976 was the co-founder of the
1248:
1152:
999:
889:
773:
441:
425:
7033:
4949:"ISKA Kickboxing rules and regulations"
4526:
4268:. Readworthy Publications (P) Limited.
4261:
4236:
3346:
2200:
2193:Throws, Sweeps and Trips are forbidden.
1429:
735:. It bears resemblance to neighboring
14:
8428:
7943:
5340:
5260:
4195:
4044:
3969:Calderon, Justin (18 September 2014).
3756:
3754:
3580:
1787:
1541:
1077:. In early competitions, throwing and
392:International Sport Karate Association
8415:International World Games Association
7962:
7449:
7032:
6093:
6022:
5637:
4913:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2022-01-26
4848:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2022-01-26
4393:
3108:The standard kicking techniques are:
2252:Clinch is allowed only for 5 seconds.
1754:Throws and headbutts are not allowed.
1189:Professional Karate Association (PKA)
901:The French were the first to include
304:. Some styles of kickboxing include:
7933:
4788:
4126:"Boxing Gloves of the Ancient World"
2209:A teenager Low Kick kickboxing match
1936:and kicks, striking above the waist.
1761:
1004:Tatsuo Yamada (left) and his master
794:is an inherent part of being human.
5616:Delmas Alain, Callière Jean-Roger,
5143:. Association of Boxing Commissions
3751:
3711:Cimadoro, Giuseppe (October 2017).
3027:– rising punch striking to the chin
3015:– straight punch from the back hand
2977:Scoring criteria and judging system
2817:
2139:
2054:
1535:
1504:
1279:. The term "kickboxing" as used in
1149:Full contact karate § American
396:International Kickboxing Federation
388:Professional Kickboxing Association
24:
6094:
5578:, Peter Belmar, 2006, Lulu Press.
5407:Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
4679:. 10 November 2020. Archived from
3805:Streissguth, Thomas (2013-08-01).
2954:Upkicks from the ground are legal.
2793:Elbows are forbidden (since 2001).
2293:
1780:Throwing and clinching is allowed.
1193:World Kickboxing Association (WKA)
25:
8472:
7990:Sports of the World Games program
7845:International Boxing Hall of Fame
6961:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
5609:"A History of Full Contact Karate
5589:
5292:Castellani, Rudy J. (June 2015).
4456:. World Wide Dojo. Archived from
4092:The American Journal of Philology
3534:. August 18, 1998. Archived from
3147:forty five degree roundhouse kick
2960:Chokes and Joint Locks are legal.
2407:Saenchai P.K. Saenchaimuaythaigym
2259:
1918:, Billy Jackson, Akseli Saurama,
650:, a form of kickboxing that uses
603:while standing, similar to Sanda.
8405:
8404:
7942:
7932:
7923:
7922:
7552:
7429:
7419:
6926:Historical European martial arts
6048:
5341:Ridler, Charlotte (April 2017).
4051:. Oxford University Press, USA.
3863:. August 1, 2002. Archived from
3389:List of kickboxing organizations
3367:chronic traumatic encephalopathy
3353:Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
2697:, throws and sweeps are allowed.
2556:, throws and sweeps are allowed.
2461:
2369:, throws, sweeps and low kicks.
2249:Throws and sweeps are forbidden.
1798:
1783:Spinning techniques are allowed.
1680:
1552:
1485:Fighting and Entertainment Group
1365:List of kickboxing organizations
1184:are essentially the same sport.
1142:
970:were essentially the same thing.
646:(also known as Muki boxing) and
213:
43:
7430:
5556:
5507:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
5494:
5445:
5394:
5383:
5334:
5285:
5254:
5228:
5204:
5179:
5154:
5129:
5115:
5095:
5081:
5067:
5053:
5041:
4958:
4941:
4924:
4899:
4885:
4859:
4834:
4807:
4782:
4768:
4754:
4740:
4726:
4695:
4669:
4612:
4588:
4446:
4436:Tashiro, H. and Tyrangiel, J.
4387:
4367:
4337:
4311:
4289:
4255:
4214:
4189:
4165:
4156:
4132:
4118:
4079:
4065:
4038:
3962:
3935:
3919:
3905:
3878:
3847:
3825:
3798:
3776:
3665:
3641:
3581:Martin, Andy (April 17, 1995).
3472:. July 17, 1992. Archived from
2945:Standing foot stomps are legal.
2744:in addition to kicks, punches,
1959:
1647:, and sometimes referred to as
1358:
363:via further hybridization with
7870:Muhammad Ali Boxing Reform Act
4345:"Kick-boxing Booming in Japan"
3729:10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07859-8
3600:
3574:
3518:
3503:. May 22, 1998. Archived from
3487:
3456:
3436:
2704:
2184:Punches and kicks are allowed.
1774:Punches and kicks are allowed.
1507:rules allow punches, high and
1491:Kickboxing styles and rulesets
565:in the general sense include:
421:
292:. Kickboxing is practiced for
13:
1:
7910:HBO World Championship Boxing
7544:Marquess of Queensberry Rules
5576:Thai Kickboxing For Beginners
5137:"Unified Rules of Kickboxing"
4869:. wakoweb.com. Archived from
4362:television channels in Tokyo.
4262:Shapira, Philip (July 2009).
4196:Martin, Ashley (2012-04-16).
4173:"savate | sport | Britannica"
3409:
3033:usually from the front hand,
2988:
820:. The earliest references to
7885:Women Boxing Archive Network
4545:. 2020-08-16. Archived from
2330:
1744:Elbow strikes are forbidden.
529:by Japanese boxing promoter
384:World Kickboxing Association
7:
8461:Sports originating in Japan
8451:North American martial arts
4677:"The History of Kickboxing"
4086:Crowther, Nigel B. (1990).
3855:"Kungfu goes international"
3372:
2993:
2972:Standard fouls are illegal.
2840:Xtreme Gladiator Kickboxing
2314:Standard fouls are illegal.
2013:, executed below the ankle.
1351:of New Zealand in 2001 and
769:
468:
260:) is a full-contact hybrid
10:
8477:
7475:
5261:Carter, Neil (June 2006).
5236:"Boxing: The health risks"
5212:"List of Kickboxing Moves"
4297:"Black Belt December 1968"
4222:"Black Belt February 1973"
3784:"Black Belt February 1972"
3350:
3238:
3095:
3077:– a combination of a wide
2963:Downed stomps are illegal.
2708:
2567:
2448:
2444:
2403:Dieselnoi Chor Thanasukarn
2334:
2134:(sometimes referred to as
1362:
1260:
1146:
764:
557:Styles and descendant arts
29:
8446:Mixed martial arts styles
8410:Sports at the World Games
8400:
8363:
8286:
8204:
8183:
8152:
8116:
8054:
7997:Artistic and dance sports
7996:
7918:
7792:
7722:
7644:
7561:
7550:
7526:
7483:
7415:
7352:
7307:
7237:
7192:
7122:
7043:
7039:
7028:
6974:
6906:
6844:
6749:
6691:
6649:
6521:
6406:
6358:
6301:
6184:
6104:
6100:
6089:
6056:
5935:
5919:
5899:North American promotions
5898:
5832:
5734:
5671:
5628:Définition du Kick-boxing
5420:10.1186/s13195-014-0068-z
5311:10.1038/labinvest.2015.54
5187:"Muay Thai vs Kickboxing"
4647:"K-1 INTERNATIONAL RULES"
4246:Sylvie von Duuglas-Ittu.
3762:"Black Belt October 1968"
3399:List of female kickboxers
3384:Kickboxing weight classes
2921:
2887:
2877:
2867:
2849:
2578:Sanda fighter attempts a
2502:
2492:
2482:
2472:
2460:
2121:
2103:
2095:
2084:
2074:
2064:
1866:
1848:
1840:
1829:
1819:
1809:
1797:
1626:
1616:
1602:
1594:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1558:Oriental rules kickboxing
1551:
1244:
462:
186:
176:
168:
163:
155:
145:
137:
132:
125:
107:
96:
82:
72:
54:
42:
7493:Semi-professional boxing
5665:Kickboxing organizations
5520:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00294
5360:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.32
5347:Nature Reviews Neurology
5298:Laboratory Investigation
5061:"Varazdat Does It Again"
4319:"「キックの鬼」沢村忠さんが死去 肺がんで入院"
2969:12-6 Elbows are illegal.
2563:
2399:Coban Lookchaomaesaitong
1675:and Karate practitioner
1419:World Kickboxing Network
1347:of Switzerland in 1996,
1139:amateur sport in Japan.
995:
8004:Artistic roller skating
7938:Commons:Category:Boxing
7855:List of boxing families
7539:London Prize Ring Rules
7158:Former official sports
6586:Northern Praying Mantis
6161:Mainland Southeast Asia
5618:Histoire du Kick-boxing
4867:"Points Fighting Rules"
3394:List of male kickboxers
3379:Boxing (disambiguation)
3198:
2803:and sweeps are allowed.
1924:Don "The Dragon" Wilson
430:Kickboxing training in
6997:Professional wrestling
6664:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
5630:, FFKBDA, France, 1999
5620:, FFKBDA, France, 1998
5458:Journal of Neurotrauma
4073:"Ancient Roman Boxing"
4045:Potter, David (2012).
3313:is a form of standing
3105:
2587:
2346:
2210:
1969:
1500:
1281:German-speaking Europe
1258:
1253:A kickboxing match in
1158:
1083:Kickboxing Association
1009:
898:
787:
660:Southern kalaripayattu
455:
439:
382:(also known as WAKO),
169:Country or region
8456:Japanese martial arts
7093:Demonstration sports
5936:Defunct organizations
5809:Super Champ Muay Thai
5470:10.1089/neu.2014.3415
4720:20 March 2022 at the
4600:www.ikfkickboxing.com
3891:The Los Angeles Times
3500:The Los Angeles Times
3469:The Los Angeles Times
3167:forward crescent kick
3103:
2577:
2387:Changpuek Kiatsongrit
2344:
2246:Elbows are forbidden.
2208:
1967:
1879:(also referred to as
1498:
1370:Kickboxing promotions
1261:Further information:
1252:
1156:
1147:Further information:
1026:Nihon Kempo Karate-do
1003:
893:
826:classical Vedic epics
777:
674:Southeast Asian Games
458:The term "kickboxing"
445:
429:
32:Kickboxer (1989 film)
8287:Past official sports
8266:Competition climbing
8249:Speed roller skating
8019:Acrobatic gymnastics
7890:List of boxing films
7865:Dementia pugilistica
7800:Ancient Greek boxing
7699:Short straight-punch
7353:Martial arts at the
7308:Martial arts at the
7238:Martial arts at the
7193:Martial arts at the
7173:Invitational sports
7123:Martial arts at the
7044:Martial arts at the
6966:Pencak Silat Harimau
6804:Pencak Silat Harimau
6736:Submission wrestling
6441:Luta Livre esportiva
5983:Pattaya Boxing World
5845:Colosseum Tournament
5242:on 18 September 2002
4987:IFMA Muay Thai rules
4575:Full Contact Fighter
3811:. Bellwether Media.
3653:www.rulesofsport.com
3361:may cause permanent
3347:Brain injury and CTE
2671:Shahbulat Shamhalaev
2218:freestyle kickboxing
2201:Freestyle Kickboxing
2096:Famous practitioners
1968:A Semi Contact match
1841:Famous practitioners
1804:A Full contact match
1595:Famous practitioners
1430:Kickboxing promoters
1355:of Croatia in 2012.
1343:of Croatia in 1993,
1317:K-1 World Grand Prix
1287:By contrast, in the
885:ancient Greek boxing
755:Filipino martial art
97:Famous practitioners
8364:Invitational sports
8034:Rhythmic gymnastics
7875:Bare-knuckle boxing
7586:Lineal championship
7513:White-collar boxing
7488:Professional boxing
7034:International games
6716:Full contact karate
6706:Professional boxing
6421:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
5948:Bellator Kickboxing
5833:European promotions
5799:Rajadamnern Stadium
5111:. 4 September 1997.
4762:"Kickboxing styles"
4734:"Korean Kickboxing"
4596:"IKF UNIFIED RULES"
4418:Maylam, J. (2001):
4144:www.theguardian.com
4075:. 14 November 2015.
3994:Michael Poliakoff.
3913:"Korean Kickboxing"
3894:. December 18, 2006
3131:push Kick/high Kick
3039:spinning back-fist
2912:Brazilian Jiu Jitsu
2846:
2580:double leg takedown
2457:
2214:International rules
2140:Japanese kickboxing
2061:
1904:Jean-Yves Thériault
1881:American Kickboxing
1794:
1793:American Kickboxing
1788:American Kickboxing
1747:Very limited or no
1741:(only to the body).
1669:Bellator Kickboxing
1649:Japanese kickboxing
1607:Full Contact Karate
1548:
1547:Japanese Kickboxing
1542:Japanese Kickboxing
1532:Bellator Kickboxing
1517:American kickboxing
1219:World Combat League
1191:in 1974 and of the
1182:full contact karate
1176:with the legendary
1024:, who established "
968:full contact karate
721:Burmese martial art
700:Thai kickboxing or
574:Full contact karate
551:full contact karate
519:full contact karate
369:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
333:hand-to-hand combat
314:Japanese kickboxing
306:full contact karate
129:
39:
8024:Aerobic gymnastics
7196:Pan American Games
6873:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu
6784:Jieitaikakutōjutsu
6721:Mixed martial arts
5920:Oceania promotions
5273:on 4 November 2021
4893:"Dutch Kickboxing"
4823:. December 6, 1992
4795:Fightland.vice.com
4789:Matuszak, Sascha.
4351:. 1971. p. 11
4177:www.britannica.com
4022:Samayapalana Parva
3951:. October 13, 2008
3925:said to be from a
3613:The Economic Times
3558:Samayapalana Parva
3538:on 28 October 2020
3476:on 31 January 2021
3404:Women's kickboxing
3143:Semi-circular kick
3106:
2916:Mixed Martial Arts
2844:
2603:Chinese kickboxing
2588:
2455:
2415:Yodsanklai Fairtex
2383:Buakaw Por. Pramuk
2347:
2211:
2138:) came about when
2059:
2035:spinning backfists
1970:
1792:
1546:
1501:
1259:
1164:, Ray Scarica and
1159:
1010:
899:
788:
535:hybrid martial art
527:Japanese anglicism
456:
450:. Located at the
440:
400:world championship
361:mixed martial arts
357:hybrid martial art
159:Hybrid martial art
127:
120:mixed martial arts
102:list of kickboxers
49:A kickboxing match
37:
8423:
8422:
7956:
7955:
7900:Chivarreto boxing
7830:Championship belt
7616:Corner retirement
7443:
7442:
7411:
7410:
7407:
7406:
7024:
7023:
7020:
7019:
6987:Martial arts film
6016:
6015:
5601:978-90-812379-1-8
5584:978-1-4116-9983-0
5464:(23): 1907–1913.
5108:Los Angeles Times
5103:"No Holds Barred"
4972:. 8 January 2020.
4895:. 4 October 2021.
4651:K-1 Official Site
4624:www.abcboxing.com
4252:December 28, 2015
4058:978-0-19-984273-5
3723:(12): 1720–1727.
3449:Independent.co.uk
3330:or upper body by
3035:reverse-back fist
2929:
2928:
2878:Country of origin
2510:
2509:
2493:Country of origin
2411:Samart Payakaroon
2345:A Muay Thai match
2129:
2128:
2085:Country of origin
1916:Demetrius Havanas
1874:
1873:
1830:Country of origin
1762:Korean Kickboxing
1720:Giorgio Petrosyan
1634:
1633:
1584:Country of origin
1534:have adopted the
1481:Sadaharu Tanikawa
1439:Chatri Sityodtong
1273:Georg F. Bruckner
919:la boxe française
896:la boxe française
877:mixed martial art
561:Arts labelled as
543:Boxe pieds-poings
206:
205:
202:
201:
83:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
8468:
8408:
8407:
8387:Wheelchair rugby
8304:Beach volleyball
8165:Billiards sports
8153:Precision sports
7983:
7976:
7969:
7960:
7959:
7948:Wikiquote:Boxing
7946:
7945:
7936:
7935:
7926:
7925:
7905:Boxeo de Primera
7556:
7470:
7463:
7456:
7447:
7446:
7433:
7432:
7423:
7041:
7040:
7030:
7029:
6102:
6101:
6091:
6090:
6043:
6036:
6029:
6020:
6019:
5927:King in the Ring
5779:Lumpinee Stadium
5735:Asian promotions
5673:Governing bodies
5658:
5651:
5644:
5635:
5634:
5625:
5615:
5607:
5551:
5550:
5540:
5522:
5498:
5492:
5491:
5481:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5432:
5422:
5398:
5392:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5362:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5313:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5269:. Archived from
5258:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5238:. Archived from
5232:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5183:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5158:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5099:
5093:
5092:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5071:
5065:
5064:
5063:. 13 April 2001.
5057:
5051:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5025:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
4998:
4989:
4983:
4974:
4973:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4730:
4724:
4711:
4705:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4653:. Archived from
4643:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4567:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4533:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4514:Glory Kickboxing
4506:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4484:. Archived from
4478:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4450:
4444:
4434:
4428:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4243:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4169:
4163:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4042:
4036:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4006:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3939:
3933:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3758:
3749:
3748:
3708:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3688:
3682:. Archived from
3677:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3578:
3572:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3452:. 16 April 1995.
3440:
3434:
3424:
2847:
2845:Xtreme Gladiator
2843:
2818:Draka Kickboxing
2607:Chinese military
2541:Cyrus Washington
2465:
2458:
2454:
2152:Alistair Overeem
2136:Dutch Kickboxing
2112:Kyokushin Karate
2062:
2060:Dutch Kickboxing
2058:
2055:Dutch Kickboxing
1996:Stephen Thompson
1802:
1795:
1791:
1661:ONE Championship
1556:
1549:
1545:
1528:One Championship
1443:ONE Championship
1399:ONE Championship
1337:Alistair Overeem
1101:Tadashi Sawamura
1065:Noguchi studied
1059:Tadashi Sawamura
953:governing bodies
923:French Indochina
804:human aggression
719:— a traditional
541:The French term
473:
471:
465:
464:
416:ONE Championship
367:techniques from
280:, normally with
256:
251:
250:
247:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
195:(invitational),
130:
126:
47:
40:
36:
21:
18:Dutch kickboxing
8476:
8475:
8471:
8470:
8469:
8467:
8466:
8465:
8426:
8425:
8424:
8419:
8396:
8359:
8282:
8200:
8184:Strength sports
8179:
8148:
8112:
8050:
7992:
7987:
7957:
7952:
7928:Category:Boxing
7914:
7820:Boxing training
7810:Boxing rankings
7788:
7784:Southpaw stance
7779:Orthodox stance
7725:
7718:
7640:
7581:Pound for pound
7557:
7548:
7534:Broughton Rules
7522:
7479:
7474:
7444:
7439:
7403:
7354:
7348:
7309:
7303:
7239:
7233:
7194:
7188:
7124:
7118:
7047:Summer Olympics
7045:
7035:
7016:
6970:
6902:
6840:
6754:
6745:
6696:
6687:
6645:
6641:Yoshukai Karate
6601:Shaolin kung fu
6517:
6402:
6378:Practice weapon
6354:
6297:
6187:
6180:
6106:Regional origin
6096:
6085:
6052:
6047:
6017:
6012:
5931:
5915:
5894:
5828:
5789:Rangsit Stadium
5747:Glory of Heroes
5730:
5667:
5662:
5623:
5613:
5605:
5592:
5559:
5554:
5499:
5495:
5450:
5446:
5399:
5395:
5388:
5384:
5339:
5335:
5290:
5286:
5276:
5274:
5259:
5255:
5245:
5243:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5220:
5218:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5196:
5194:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5171:
5169:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5146:
5144:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5101:
5100:
5096:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5046:
5042:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5026:
5019:
5010:
5008:
5000:
4999:
4992:
4984:
4977:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4934:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4916:
4914:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4876:
4874:
4873:on 10 June 2016
4865:
4864:
4860:
4851:
4849:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4826:
4824:
4820:Chicago Tribune
4813:
4812:
4808:
4799:
4797:
4787:
4783:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4760:
4759:
4755:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4722:Wayback Machine
4712:
4708:
4700:
4696:
4686:
4684:
4683:on 4 March 2024
4675:
4674:
4670:
4660:
4658:
4645:
4644:
4637:
4628:
4626:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4604:
4602:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4579:
4577:
4569:
4568:
4561:
4552:
4550:
4535:
4534:
4527:
4518:
4516:
4508:
4507:
4500:
4491:
4489:
4480:
4479:
4472:
4463:
4461:
4452:
4451:
4447:
4435:
4431:
4424:The Japan Times
4417:
4413:
4404:
4402:
4392:
4388:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4354:
4352:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4328:
4326:
4325:. April 2, 2021
4317:
4316:
4312:
4302:
4300:
4299:. December 1968
4295:
4294:
4290:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4260:
4256:
4244:
4237:
4227:
4225:
4224:. February 1973
4220:
4219:
4215:
4208:
4194:
4190:
4181:
4179:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4161:
4157:
4148:
4146:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4084:
4080:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4059:
4043:
4039:
4018:
4014:
4004:
4002:
3992:
3988:
3979:
3977:
3967:
3963:
3954:
3952:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3924:
3920:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3897:
3895:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3870:
3868:
3867:on July 4, 2011
3853:
3852:
3848:
3838:
3836:
3835:. February 1972
3831:
3830:
3826:
3819:
3803:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3786:. February 1972
3782:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3760:
3759:
3752:
3709:
3702:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3657:
3655:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3619:
3617:
3616:. July 19, 2009
3606:
3605:
3601:
3592:
3590:
3587:The Independent
3579:
3575:
3554:
3550:
3541:
3539:
3531:Chicago Tribune
3524:
3523:
3519:
3510:
3508:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3479:
3477:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3425:
3416:
3412:
3375:
3355:
3349:
3292:The cover-up –
3241:
3201:
3113:Roundhouse kick
3104:Roundhouse kick
3098:
2996:
2991:
2979:
2842:
2820:
2797:Clinch fighting
2765:Hiroki Shishido
2718:(also known as
2713:
2707:
2695:Clinch fighting
2651:Muslim Salikhov
2597:(also known as
2572:
2566:
2554:Clinch fighting
2468:
2453:
2447:
2432:Clinch fighting
2379:Apidej Sit Hrun
2367:clinch fighting
2339:
2333:
2296:
2294:ISKA Kickboxing
2262:
2234:Abraham Roqueñi
2220:(also known as
2203:
2057:
2041:Clinch fighting
2022:The use of the
2000:Gregorio Di Leo
1988:Raymond Daniels
1977:Points Fighting
1962:
1947:Clinch fighting
1920:Pete Cunningham
1805:
1790:
1764:
1749:clinch fighting
1639:(also known as
1617:Descendant arts
1559:
1544:
1493:
1463:Pierre Andurand
1454:Kazuyoshi Ishii
1432:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1353:Mirko Filipović
1265:
1247:
1214:World Classic.
1151:
1145:
1124:Kazuyoshi Ishii
1110:Toshio Fujiwara
998:
909:. Frenchman
894:Old picture of
772:
767:
670:Southeast Asian
559:
469:kikkubokushingu
459:
424:
365:ground fighting
254:
216:
212:
133:Characteristics
108:Descendant arts
87:Ancient history
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8474:
8464:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8421:
8420:
8418:
8417:
8412:
8401:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8378:
8373:
8367:
8365:
8361:
8360:
8358:
8357:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8319:Indoor cycling
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8290:
8288:
8284:
8283:
8281:
8280:
8279:
8278:
8268:
8263:
8262:
8261:
8256:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8224:Canoe marathon
8221:
8220:
8219:
8208:
8206:
8202:
8201:
8199:
8198:
8193:
8187:
8185:
8181:
8180:
8178:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8156:
8154:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8120:
8118:
8114:
8113:
8111:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8062:Beach handball
8058:
8056:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8048:
8047:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8011:
8006:
8000:
7998:
7994:
7993:
7986:
7985:
7978:
7971:
7963:
7954:
7953:
7951:
7950:
7940:
7930:
7919:
7916:
7915:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7796:
7794:
7790:
7789:
7787:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7730:
7728:
7720:
7719:
7717:
7716:
7714:Below the belt
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7661:
7656:
7650:
7648:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7638:
7636:Punching power
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7567:
7565:
7559:
7558:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7530:
7528:
7524:
7523:
7521:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7508:Women's boxing
7505:
7503:Amateur boxing
7500:
7498:Olympic boxing
7495:
7490:
7484:
7481:
7480:
7473:
7472:
7465:
7458:
7450:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7427:
7416:
7413:
7412:
7409:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7402:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7360:
7358:
7356:European Games
7350:
7349:
7347:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7315:
7313:
7305:
7304:
7302:
7301:
7300:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7245:
7243:
7235:
7234:
7232:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7200:
7198:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7186:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7171:
7170:
7169:
7164:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7130:
7128:
7120:
7119:
7117:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7102:Pistol dueling
7099:
7091:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7051:
7049:
7037:
7036:
7026:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6984:
6978:
6976:
6972:
6971:
6969:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6931:Huiyen Lallong
6928:
6923:
6918:
6912:
6910:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6888:Shorinji Kempo
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6858:American Kenpo
6854:
6852:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6807:
6806:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6760:
6758:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6702:
6700:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6685:
6678:
6673:
6666:
6661:
6655:
6653:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6591:Russian boxing
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6527:
6525:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6423:
6418:
6412:
6410:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6364:
6362:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6352:
6351:
6350:
6345:
6338:Ranged weapons
6335:
6334:
6333:
6328:
6326:Stick-fighting
6323:
6321:Knife fighting
6313:
6307:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6295:
6290:
6289:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6258:
6257:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6228:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6192:
6190:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6110:
6108:
6098:
6097:
6095:Classification
6087:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6061:List of styles
6057:
6054:
6053:
6046:
6045:
6038:
6031:
6023:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5929:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5836:
5834:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5765:
5764:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5677:
5675:
5669:
5668:
5661:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5638:
5632:
5631:
5626:Delmas Alain,
5621:
5611:
5603:
5591:
5590:External links
5588:
5587:
5586:
5573:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5493:
5444:
5393:
5382:
5333:
5304:(6): 576–584.
5284:
5267:Dora.dmu.ac.uk
5253:
5227:
5203:
5191:Siamkick Fight
5178:
5166:Siamkick Fight
5153:
5128:
5114:
5094:
5080:
5066:
5052:
5040:
5017:
4990:
4975:
4957:
4940:
4923:
4898:
4884:
4858:
4833:
4806:
4781:
4767:
4753:
4739:
4725:
4706:
4694:
4668:
4635:
4611:
4587:
4559:
4525:
4498:
4470:
4445:
4429:
4411:
4386:
4366:
4336:
4310:
4288:
4274:
4254:
4235:
4213:
4206:
4188:
4164:
4155:
4131:
4117:
4104:10.2307/294973
4098:(2): 176–181.
4078:
4064:
4057:
4037:
4020:Section XIII:
4012:
4000:Britannica.com
3986:
3961:
3934:
3918:
3904:
3877:
3846:
3824:
3817:
3797:
3775:
3764:. October 1968
3750:
3700:
3680:Kick-france.fr
3664:
3640:
3626:
3599:
3573:
3556:Section XIII:
3548:
3517:
3486:
3455:
3435:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3374:
3371:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3323:neck wrestling
3301:
3290:
3276:Parry/Block –
3274:
3271:
3256:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3183:
3176:stomp out kick
3169:
3160:
3150:
3149:
3140:
3134:
3124:
3097:
3094:
3093:
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3022:
3016:
3010:
3000:boxing punches
2995:
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2894:, Kickboxing,
2889:
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2874:
2869:
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2816:
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2804:
2794:
2791:
2709:Main article:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2692:
2685:
2675:Shamil Zavurov
2599:Chinese boxing
2568:Main article:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2551:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2494:
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2479:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2449:Main article:
2446:
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2429:
2335:Main article:
2332:
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2295:
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2272:
2261:
2260:WKA Kickboxing
2258:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2164:Gegard Mousasi
2160:Melvin Manhoef
2127:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2097:
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2092:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2038:
2037:are forbidden.
2027:
2020:
2017:
2014:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1943:are forbidden.
1937:
1908:Benny Urquidez
1872:
1871:
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1850:
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1637:Oriental rules
1632:
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1406:
1401:
1396:
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1371:
1368:
1363:Main article:
1360:
1357:
1341:Branko Cikatić
1246:
1243:
1144:
1141:
1132:neck wrestling
1054:Kenji Kurosaki
997:
994:
975:
974:
971:
964:
913:added English
911:Charles Lecour
907:Jack Broughton
881:ancient Greece
850:Southeast Asia
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
761:
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759:
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373:folk wrestling
337:ancient Greece
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8379:
8377:
8376:Flag football
8374:
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8366:
8362:
8355:
8354:Weightlifting
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8329:Roller hockey
8327:
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8170:Boules sports
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8088:
8085:
8083:
8082:Inline hockey
8080:
8078:
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8068:
8065:
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8059:
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7767:
7765:
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7757:
7755:
7754:One-two combo
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7734:Bob and weave
7732:
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7721:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7689:
7688:Cross-counter
7685:
7682:
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7351:
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7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7314:
7312:
7311:African Games
7306:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7284:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
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7058:
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7042:
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7031:
7027:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6992:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6982:Fighting game
6980:
6979:
6977:
6975:Entertainment
6973:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6946:Krabi–krabong
6944:
6942:
6941:Kalaripayattu
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
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6914:
6913:
6911:
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6827:
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6814:
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6809:
6805:
6802:
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6800:
6797:
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6790:
6787:
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6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6757:
6752:
6748:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6731:Shootfighting
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6703:
6701:
6699:
6698:combat sports
6694:
6690:
6684:
6683:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6671:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6652:
6648:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6626:Tien Shan Pai
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6551:Choi Kwang-Do
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6524:
6520:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
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6494:
6492:
6489:
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6482:
6479:
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6439:
6437:
6434:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6409:
6405:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6388:Pushing hands
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6357:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6336:
6332:
6331:Swordsmanship
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6317:
6316:Melee weapons
6314:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6294:
6291:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
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6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
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6255:
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6232:
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6222:
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6212:
6210:
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6189:
6183:
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6169:
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6157:
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6147:
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6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6103:
6099:
6092:
6088:
6082:
6081:Hard and soft
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6055:
6051:
6044:
6039:
6037:
6032:
6030:
6025:
6024:
6021:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5978:Muay Hardcore
5976:
5974:
5973:Max Muay Thai
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5963:It's Showtime
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5934:
5928:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5918:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5906:Karate Combat
5904:
5903:
5901:
5897:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5831:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5659:
5654:
5652:
5647:
5645:
5640:
5639:
5636:
5629:
5622:
5619:
5612:
5610:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5571:1-58160-320-7
5568:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5548:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5497:
5489:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5448:
5440:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5397:
5391:
5386:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5337:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5288:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5257:
5241:
5237:
5231:
5217:
5213:
5207:
5193:. 25 May 2024
5192:
5188:
5182:
5168:. 15 May 2024
5167:
5163:
5157:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5124:
5118:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5098:
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5084:
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5070:
5062:
5056:
5050:
5044:
5030:
5024:
5022:
5007:
5003:
4997:
4995:
4988:
4982:
4980:
4971:
4970:The Body Lock
4967:
4961:
4950:
4944:
4933:
4927:
4912:
4908:
4902:
4894:
4888:
4872:
4868:
4862:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4796:
4792:
4785:
4777:
4771:
4763:
4757:
4749:
4748:"Gwon Gyokdo"
4743:
4735:
4729:
4723:
4719:
4716:
4710:
4704:
4698:
4682:
4678:
4672:
4657:on 2011-11-02
4656:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4640:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4601:
4597:
4591:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4564:
4549:on 2020-08-16
4548:
4544:
4543:
4542:BusinessWorld
4538:
4532:
4530:
4515:
4511:
4505:
4503:
4488:on 2016-07-16
4487:
4483:
4477:
4475:
4460:on 2016-09-23
4459:
4455:
4449:
4442:
4439:
4433:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4415:
4401:
4397:
4390:
4376:
4370:
4363:
4350:
4346:
4340:
4324:
4323:Nikkan Sports
4320:
4314:
4298:
4292:
4277:
4275:9789380297057
4271:
4267:
4266:
4258:
4249:
4242:
4240:
4223:
4217:
4209:
4207:9781462905553
4203:
4199:
4192:
4178:
4174:
4168:
4159:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4127:
4121:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4082:
4074:
4068:
4060:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4041:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4016:
4001:
3997:
3990:
3976:
3972:
3965:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3914:
3908:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3860:Shanghai Star
3856:
3850:
3834:
3828:
3820:
3818:9781612113920
3814:
3810:
3809:
3801:
3785:
3779:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3707:
3705:
3689:on 2018-11-02
3685:
3681:
3674:
3668:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3636:
3630:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3588:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3552:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3507:on 5 May 2021
3506:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3414:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3260:Bob and weave
3257:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3214:Straight knee
3212:
3211:
3210:
3209:for details.
3208:
3207:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:Crescent kick
3161:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3102:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:/right cross/
3080:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2986:
2984:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2924:
2922:Olympic sport
2920:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2882:United States
2880:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2837:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2761:Kenichi Ogata
2758:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2717:
2712:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2659:Zhang Tiequan
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2570:Sanda (sport)
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2505:
2503:Olympic sport
2501:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2459:
2452:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2395:Ramon Dekkers
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2372:
2371:Groin strikes
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2343:
2338:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2168:Remy Bonjasky
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2124:
2122:Olympic sport
2120:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2049:
2046:
2043:, throws and
2042:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1966:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1892:Dennis Alexio
1888:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1869:
1867:Olympic sport
1865:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1836:, 1960s-1970s
1835:
1834:United States
1832:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1796:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:Remy Bonjasky
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1700:Ernesto Hoost
1697:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1677:Tatsuo Yamada
1674:
1673:Osamu Noguchi
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1645:unified rules
1642:
1638:
1629:
1627:Olympic sport
1625:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1590:, 1950s-1960s
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1497:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1450:- Superkombat
1449:
1448:Eduard Irimia
1446:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1404:Karate Combat
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1329:Remy Bonjasky
1326:
1325:Ernesto Hoost
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:Chakuriki Gym
1303:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:United States
1167:
1163:
1155:
1150:
1143:North America
1140:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1039:Osamu Noguchi
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:Tatsuo Yamada
1019:
1016:town hall in
1015:
1008:(right), 1926
1007:
1002:
993:
991:
987:
983:
978:
972:
969:
965:
962:
958:
957:
956:
955:were formed.
954:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
934:Tatsuo Yamada
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
915:boxing gloves
912:
908:
904:
903:boxing gloves
897:
892:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
845:
840:
838:
833:
832:
827:
823:
819:
818:ancient India
815:
812:
807:
805:
802:as an act of
801:
797:
793:
785:
781:
776:
756:
752:
748:
745:
741:
738:
734:
733:elbow strikes
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
711:
710:elbow strikes
707:
703:
699:
696:
692:
689:
685:
681:
678:
677:
676:) including:
675:
671:
667:
664:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
638:
634:
631:
627:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
605:
602:
598:
595:
592:
588:
584:
580:
577:
575:
572:Any style of
571:
568:
567:
566:
564:
554:
552:
548:
544:
539:
536:
532:
531:Osamu Noguchi
528:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
481:
477:
476:
475:
470:
453:
449:
444:
437:
433:
428:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
341:ancient India
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:boxing gloves
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:
249:
210:
198:
194:
191:
189:
185:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
162:
158:
154:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
131:
124:
121:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:
64:
60:
57:
53:
46:
41:
33:
19:
8334:Rugby sevens
8309:Bodybuilding
8276:Wakeboarding
8271:Water skiing
8244:Orienteering
8205:Trend sports
8191:Powerlifting
8133:
8117:Martial arts
8039:Trampolining
7840:Chess boxing
7805:Boxing glove
7704:Rabbit punch
7684:Counterpunch
7621:Club fighter
7576:Weight class
7571:The distance
7517:
7292:Pencak silat
7143:
7002:Stage combat
6956:Mardani khel
6878:Jeet Kune Do
6836:Silat Melayu
6799:Pencak silat
6751:Self-defense
6710:
6693:Full contact
6680:
6668:
6606:Shoot boxing
6565:
6546:Chess boxing
6446:Malla-yuddha
6383:Punching bag
6373:Boxing glove
6230:Leg strikes
6209:Elbow strike
6195:Arm strikes
6050:Martial arts
5885:OSS Fighters
5819:Prison Fight
5804:Shoot Boxing
5774:Kunlun Fight
5627:
5617:
5575:
5562:
5557:Bibliography
5510:
5506:
5496:
5461:
5457:
5447:
5410:
5406:
5396:
5385:
5350:
5346:
5336:
5301:
5297:
5287:
5277:22 September
5275:. Retrieved
5271:the original
5266:
5256:
5244:. Retrieved
5240:the original
5230:
5219:. Retrieved
5215:
5206:
5195:. Retrieved
5190:
5181:
5170:. Retrieved
5165:
5156:
5145:. Retrieved
5140:
5131:
5117:
5106:
5097:
5089:"Kickboxing"
5083:
5069:
5055:
5043:
5032:. Retrieved
5009:. Retrieved
5005:
4969:
4960:
4943:
4926:
4915:. Retrieved
4910:
4901:
4887:
4877:24 September
4875:. Retrieved
4871:the original
4861:
4850:. Retrieved
4845:
4836:
4825:. Retrieved
4818:
4809:
4798:. Retrieved
4794:
4784:
4776:"Kun Gek Do"
4770:
4756:
4742:
4728:
4709:
4697:
4685:. Retrieved
4681:the original
4671:
4659:. Retrieved
4655:the original
4650:
4627:. Retrieved
4623:
4614:
4603:. Retrieved
4599:
4590:
4578:. Retrieved
4574:
4551:. Retrieved
4547:the original
4540:
4517:. Retrieved
4513:
4490:. Retrieved
4486:the original
4462:. Retrieved
4458:the original
4454:"Lewis, Joe"
4448:
4440:
4432:
4422:
4414:
4403:. Retrieved
4399:
4389:
4378:. Retrieved
4369:
4360:
4355:February 22,
4353:. Retrieved
4348:
4339:
4329:February 21,
4327:. Retrieved
4322:
4313:
4301:. Retrieved
4291:
4279:. Retrieved
4264:
4257:
4226:. Retrieved
4216:
4197:
4191:
4180:. Retrieved
4176:
4167:
4158:
4147:. Retrieved
4143:
4134:
4120:
4095:
4091:
4081:
4067:
4047:
4040:
4030:
4027:Virata Parva
4026:
4021:
4015:
4003:. Retrieved
3999:
3989:
3978:. Retrieved
3974:
3964:
3953:. Retrieved
3946:
3937:
3930:
3921:
3907:
3896:. Retrieved
3889:
3880:
3869:. Retrieved
3865:the original
3858:
3849:
3837:. Retrieved
3833:"Black Belt"
3827:
3807:
3800:
3788:. Retrieved
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3720:
3716:
3691:. Retrieved
3684:the original
3679:
3667:
3656:. Retrieved
3652:
3643:
3629:
3618:. Retrieved
3611:
3602:
3591:. Retrieved
3586:
3576:
3566:
3563:Virata Parva
3562:
3557:
3551:
3540:. Retrieved
3536:the original
3529:
3520:
3509:. Retrieved
3505:the original
3498:
3489:
3478:. Retrieved
3474:the original
3467:
3458:
3447:
3438:
3363:brain damage
3356:
3308:
3293:
3283:
3277:
3264:
3258:
3249:
3242:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3204:
3202:
3194:
3179:
3175:
3166:
3151:
3146:
3130:
3120:
3116:
3107:
3060:
3056:
3046:Flying-punch
3038:
3034:
3002:, including
2997:
2980:
2934:
2930:
2872:Full-contact
2836:
2821:
2810:are allowed.
2777:
2769:Ai Takahashi
2754:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2679:
2636:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2545:
2522:
2512:
2511:
2487:Full-contact
2419:
2376:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2300:
2297:
2266:
2263:
2238:
2227:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2176:
2149:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2079:Full-contact
2004:
1992:Michael Page
1985:
1976:
1973:Semi Contact
1972:
1971:
1960:Semi Contact
1927:
1912:Bill Wallace
1889:
1880:
1877:Full Contact
1876:
1875:
1824:Full-contact
1769:
1765:
1732:
1704:Albert Kraus
1692:Semmy Schilt
1689:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1578:Full-contact
1521:
1513:knee strikes
1505:Oriental/K-1
1502:
1433:
1373:
1359:Modern sport
1333:Semmy Schilt
1314:
1310:Golden Glory
1297:Thom Harinck
1286:
1269:West Germany
1266:
1236:
1232:
1223:Chuck Norris
1216:
1208:
1197:
1186:
1174:Jeet Kune Do
1160:
1136:Glove karate
1126:(founder of
1122:In 1993, as
1121:
1118:
1114:Mitsuo Shima
1094:
1090:Suginami Gym
1089:
1087:
1082:
1070:
1064:
1045:
1043:
1029:
1025:
1011:
1006:Choki Motobu
990:self-defense
979:
976:
950:
931:
900:
895:
870:
862:Pradal Serey
842:
835:
829:
828:such as the
822:musti-yuddha
808:
789:
786:, c. 500 BC.
684:Khmer Empire
680:Pradal Serey
654:, elbow and
644:Musti yuddha
637:Combat Hopak
562:
560:
542:
540:
524:
515:Musti-yuddha
457:
448:Pradal Serey
377:
330:
294:self-defense
286:mouth guards
208:
207:
77:Full-contact
8234:Flying disc
8229:Finswimming
8217:Parachuting
8098:Racquetball
8055:Ball sports
7860:Tent boxing
7815:Boxing ring
7769:Rope-a-dope
7241:Asian Games
7126:World Games
7088:Greco-Roman
6908:Battlefield
6868:Chun Kuk Do
6811:Suffrajitsu
6621:Tang Soo Do
6496:Greco-Roman
6249:Knee strike
6166:Philippines
5993:Strikeforce
5890:TatNeft Cup
5824:Wu Lin Feng
5624:(in French)
5614:(in French)
5606:(in French)
4932:"WKA Rules"
4687:6 September
4482:"Joe Lewis"
4032:Mahabharata
3839:16 February
3568:Mahabharata
3220:Flying knee
3117:circle kick
2808:submissions
2773:Andy Souwer
2757:Rena Kubota
2730:submissions
2716:Shootboxing
2711:Shootboxing
2705:Shootboxing
2687:Elbows and
2663:Liu Hailong
2529:Tun Tun Min
2434:is allowed.
2354:Thai boxing
2230:Rick Roufus
2172:Peter Aerts
2132:Dutch rules
2089:Netherlands
2011:foot sweeps
1939:Elbows and
1900:Rick Roufus
1861:Tang Soo Do
1728:Andy Souwer
1712:Peter Aerts
1681:Dutch rules
1621:Shootboxing
1536:k1/oriental
1321:Peter Aerts
1289:Netherlands
1227:Strikeforce
1162:Count Dante
1128:Seidokaikan
1106:Rajadamnern
1071:kick boxing
844:Mahabharata
780:Panathenaic
658:strikes in
597:Shootboxing
480:shootboxing
422:Terminology
347:mixed with
302:competition
278:boxing ring
266:boxing type
262:martial art
188:World Games
112:Shootboxing
91:prehistoric
89:, possibly
8436:Kickboxing
8430:Categories
8239:Lifesaving
8212:Air sports
8196:Tug of war
8134:Kickboxing
8067:Canoe polo
8014:Gymnastics
8009:Dancesport
7880:Slapboxing
7764:Peek-a-boo
7759:Check hook
7724:Styles and
7709:Liver shot
7694:Bolo punch
7626:Long count
7606:Tomato can
7601:Journeyman
7596:Gatekeeper
7518:Kickboxing
7283:2018 Only
7144:Kickboxing
6898:Qwan Ki Do
6826:To-Shin Do
6756:combatives
6726:Pankration
6711:Kickboxing
6682:Xingyiquan
6670:Baguazhang
6636:Wudangquan
6566:Kickboxing
6461:Shuai jiao
6271:Joint lock
6188:techniques
5911:Lion Fight
5880:KO Masters
5814:Thai Fight
5353:(4): 195.
5221:2021-01-14
5197:2024-05-29
5172:2024-05-29
5147:2024-05-29
5141:ABC Boxing
5123:"XG Rules"
5034:2022-11-18
5011:2022-11-18
4917:2022-11-26
4852:2022-11-23
4827:2010-11-25
4800:2016-02-24
4715:WAKO Rules
4629:2020-08-16
4605:2020-08-16
4553:2020-08-16
4519:2020-08-16
4492:2016-08-08
4464:2016-09-22
4405:2022-04-14
4400:MMACHANNEL
4380:2022-04-14
4303:10 January
4281:10 January
4250:. 8 Limbs.
4228:10 January
4200:. Tuttle.
4182:2022-11-18
4149:2022-11-18
4025:, Book 4:
3980:2022-11-18
3955:2010-12-07
3898:2010-11-25
3871:2010-11-25
3808:Kickboxing
3790:10 January
3768:10 January
3693:27 October
3658:2021-12-14
3620:2010-11-25
3593:2010-08-20
3561:, Book 4:
3542:2010-11-25
3511:2010-12-21
3480:2010-12-21
3432:1441461477
3410:References
3359:concussion
3351:See also:
3332:underhooks
3328:collar tie
3127:Front kick
3075:Bolo punch
2989:Techniques
2888:Parenthood
2742:wristlocks
2734:chokeholds
2586:and throws
2533:Dave Leduc
2525:Soe Lin Oo
2156:Bas Rutten
2104:Parenthood
1885:sports bra
1849:Parenthood
1685:karate gis
1603:Parenthood
1472:Joe Corley
1302:Mejiro Gym
1157:Hook-punch
1046:Oyama dojo
982:mass media
961:television
873:Pankration
824:come from
695:Muay Boran
635:Ukrainian
601:submission
563:kickboxing
406:, such as
404:promotions
296:, general
209:Kickboxing
38:Kickboxing
8349:Triathlon
8344:Taekwondo
8294:Badminton
8077:Floorball
7744:Head fake
7726:technique
7399:Wrestling
7394:Taekwondo
7344:Wrestling
7339:Taekwondo
7274:Wrestling
7269:Taekwondo
7229:Wrestling
7224:Taekwondo
7167:Taekwondo
7149:Muay Thai
7084:freestyle
7080:Wrestling
7075:Taekwondo
6951:Krav Maga
6863:Angampora
6831:Wing Chun
6789:Krav Maga
6779:Kajukenbo
6741:Vale Tudo
6616:Taekwondo
6581:Muay Thai
6571:Kun Khmer
6501:Mongolian
6491:freestyle
6471:Wrestling
6430:Para judo
6408:Grappling
6261:Grappling
6199:Chokehold
6129:Indonesia
5769:Knock Out
5529:1662-5161
5413:(5): 68.
5369:1759-4766
5320:1530-0307
5216:SportsRec
4580:26 August
3948:USA Today
3340:body lock
3336:overhooks
3315:grappling
3310:Clinching
3232:Side knee
3226:Hook knee
3186:Back kick
3157:Hook kick
3137:Side kick
3042:knuckles.
2908:Wrestling
2896:Muay Thai
2862:Grappling
2806:Standing
2722:Vale Tudo
2720:Standing
2655:Pat Barry
2643:Fang Bian
2627:takedowns
2623:wrestling
2584:takedowns
2391:Rob Kaman
2350:Muay Thai
2337:Muay Thai
2331:Muay Thai
2108:Muay Thai
2099:See below
1896:Joe Lewis
1844:See below
1696:Badr Hari
1641:K-1 rules
1611:Muay Thai
1598:See below
1511:and even
1509:low kicks
1349:Mark Hunt
1178:Bruce Lee
1168:held the
1166:Maung Gyi
1075:kyokushin
1067:Muay Thai
1050:kyokushin
942:Muay Thai
858:Muay Laos
854:Muay Thai
749:Filipino
737:Muay Thai
725:headbutts
702:Muay Thai
621:style of
619:Kyokushin
611:Muay Thai
591:takedowns
589:of which
499:Kun Khmer
495:Muay Thai
310:Muay Thai
300:, or for
268:based on
257:-boks-ing
172:Worldwide
147:Mixed-sex
116:Vale Tudo
8381:Lacrosse
8371:Duathlon
8299:Baseball
8139:Muaythai
8124:Ju-jitsu
8103:Softball
8092:Lacrosse
8087:Korfball
8072:Fistball
8044:Tumbling
7835:Compubox
7774:Footwork
7749:Slipping
7679:Overhand
7674:Uppercut
7631:Outpoint
7611:Knockout
7384:Muaythai
7134:Ju-jitsu
7007:Tricking
6991:Chanbara
6893:Unifight
6846:Eclectic
6821:Taekkyon
6769:Bartitsu
6651:Internal
6541:Capoeira
6523:Striking
6451:Pehlwani
6398:Sparring
6360:Training
6348:Shooting
6293:Stand-up
6281:Takedown
6234:Footwork
6224:Headbutt
6186:Unarmed
6071:Timeline
5855:Enfusion
5547:31551732
5488:25010992
5439:25580160
5377:28257129
5328:25867769
4718:Archived
3927:Sanskrit
3737:29083128
3589:. London
3373:See also
3295:Covering
3285:blocking
3279:Parrying
3251:Slipping
3180:axe kick
3172:Axe kick
3121:chopping
3089:Haymaker
3079:uppercut
3069:slipping
3053:Overhand
3031:Backfist
3025:Uppercut
2994:Punching
2868:Hardness
2858:Striking
2738:armlocks
2732:such as
2727:standing
2647:Jia Aoqi
2483:Hardness
2477:Striking
2358:prajioud
2222:Low Kick
2075:Hardness
2069:Striking
2029:Elbows,
1853:Shotokan
1820:Hardness
1814:Striking
1653:retronym
1574:Hardness
1568:Striking
1515:, while
1424:Enfusion
1345:Andy Hug
1293:Jan Plas
1202:and the
1034:karateka
866:Cambodia
852:such as
837:Rig Veda
831:Ramayana
811:Sumerian
800:punching
770:Overview
744:Muay Lao
742:Laotian
715:Burmese
656:forehead
648:Adithada
511:Adithada
487:stand-up
463:キックボクシング
270:punching
164:Presence
73:Hardness
67:striking
59:Punching
8356:(women)
8324:Netball
8314:Casting
8175:Bowling
8160:Archery
8094:(women)
8029:Parkour
7793:Related
7739:Bobbing
7646:Punches
7435:Outline
7369:Fencing
7324:Fencing
7259:Jujutsu
7209:Fencing
7060:Fencing
6936:Jujutsu
6921:Bokator
6916:Banshay
6850:hybrids
6816:Systema
6774:Hapkido
6676:Tai chi
6631:Vovinam
6576:Lethwei
6481:Cornish
6436:Jujutsu
6393:Randori
6343:Archery
6303:Weapons
6176:Vietnam
6149:Okinawa
6139:Ireland
6134:Italian
6076:Records
6066:History
5538:6746992
5513:: 294.
5479:4238241
5430:4288217
5075:"Draka"
4510:"Rules"
3745:5975453
3266:bobbing
3248:Slip –
3239:Defense
3206:ti khao
3174:– is a
3096:Kicking
3065:bobbing
3057:overcut
2935:Rules:
2900:Sanshou
2778:Rules:
2680:Rules:
2667:Cung Le
2639:Wei Rui
2621:, with
2615:punches
2611:Kung fu
2595:Sanshou
2546:Rules:
2537:Too Too
2517:Myanmar
2513:Lethwei
2497:Myanmar
2456:Lethwei
2451:Lethwei
2445:Lethwei
2420:Rules:
2301:Rules:
2267:Rules:
2239:Rules:
2177:Rules:
2147:rules.
2091:, 1970s
2005:Rules:
1934:punches
1928:Rules:
1770:Rules:
1733:Rules:
1255:München
1079:butting
1014:Asakusa
986:fitness
871:In the
796:Kicking
784:amphora
765:History
751:Yaw-Yan
717:Lethwei
642:Indian
628:French
587:kung fu
553:, etc.
503:Lethwei
454:temple.
390:(PKA),
318:Lethwei
298:fitness
274:kicking
178:Olympic
138:Contact
63:kicking
8441:Boxing
8129:Karate
8108:Squash
7825:BoxRec
7591:Cutman
7477:Boxing
7425:Portal
7379:Karate
7364:Boxing
7334:Karate
7319:Boxing
7287:Kurash
7264:Karate
7249:Boxing
7219:Karate
7204:Boxing
7177:Aikido
7139:Karate
7112:Savate
7070:Karate
7055:Boxing
6883:Shooto
6659:Aikido
6611:Savate
6561:Karate
6536:Boxing
6416:Barróg
6244:Flying
6219:Ground
6214:Clinch
6171:Russia
6119:Europe
5988:Rebels
5599:
5582:
5569:
5545:
5535:
5527:
5486:
5476:
5437:
5427:
5375:
5367:
5326:
5318:
4661:14 May
4272:
4204:
4112:294973
4110:
4055:
4005:18 May
3815:
3743:
3735:
3430:
3305:clinch
3289:punch.
3255:slips.
3123:motion
2983:boxing
2892:Boxing
2854:Hybrid
2801:throws
2750:throws
2116:Boxing
2045:sweeps
1981:tatami
1922:, and
1857:Boxing
1724:Buakaw
1708:Masato
1245:Europe
1225:, and
988:, and
938:karate
814:relief
792:combat
782:prize
758:range.
688:boxing
630:Savate
623:Karate
617:, and
615:Boxing
547:Savate
533:for a
507:Savate
386:, the
371:, and
349:boxing
345:karate
326:Savate
324:, and
8392:Wushu
8383:(men)
8339:Sambo
8259:Track
7668:Swing
7659:Cross
7563:Terms
7527:Rules
7389:Sambo
7297:Sambo
7279:Wushu
7182:Wushu
7162:Sambo
7107:Glima
7012:Wuxia
6794:MCMAP
6764:Arnis
6596:Sanda
6556:Dambe
6531:Bando
6511:shoot
6476:catch
6456:Sambo
6286:Throw
6276:Sweep
6254:Stomp
6204:Punch
6156:Korea
6144:Japan
6124:India
6114:China
5865:Glory
5762:Krush
5246:6 May
4952:(PDF)
4935:(PDF)
4108:JSTOR
3931:mavya
3929:word
3741:S2CID
3687:(PDF)
3676:(PDF)
3083:swing
3013:Cross
2850:Focus
2788:knees
2784:kicks
2746:knees
2689:knees
2619:kicks
2591:Sanda
2564:Sanda
2473:Focus
2426:knees
2363:knees
2352:, or
2216:, or
2065:Focus
2031:knees
2024:shins
1941:knees
1810:Focus
1739:knees
1665:Glory
1588:Japan
1564:Focus
1524:Glory
1467:Glory
1379:Glory
1221:with
1018:Tokyo
996:Japan
946:Osaka
879:from
729:knees
693:Thai
583:wushu
579:Sanda
491:Sanda
452:Bayon
436:Tokyo
432:Ebisu
408:Glory
322:Sanda
290:kicks
128:Sport
55:Focus
8254:Road
8144:Sumo
7664:Hook
7374:Judo
7329:Judo
7254:Judo
7214:Judo
7154:Sumo
7097:Budō
7065:Judo
6486:folk
6466:Sumo
6426:Judo
6368:Kata
6311:Duel
6266:Hold
6239:Kick
5968:KICK
5943:AJKF
5794:RISE
5752:ILFJ
5721:ISKA
5716:IFMA
5691:WAKO
5597:ISBN
5580:ISBN
5567:ISBN
5543:PMID
5525:ISSN
5484:PMID
5435:PMID
5373:PMID
5365:ISSN
5324:PMID
5316:ISSN
5279:2014
5248:2010
4879:2015
4689:2021
4663:2021
4582:2020
4441:Time
4357:2023
4331:2023
4305:2015
4283:2015
4270:ISBN
4230:2015
4202:ISBN
4053:ISBN
4007:2013
3841:2015
3813:ISBN
3792:2015
3770:2015
3733:PMID
3695:2018
3428:ISBN
3338:and
3319:hold
3303:The
3199:Knee
3165:and
3061:drop
3049:sky.
3037:and
3019:Hook
2904:Judo
2771:and
2748:and
2740:and
2673:and
2631:knee
2617:and
2601:and
2539:and
2413:and
2232:and
2170:and
2033:and
1998:and
1726:and
1667:and
1530:and
1414:WAKO
1409:RISE
1394:ISKA
1335:and
1308:and
1295:and
1209:The
1198:The
1112:and
940:and
927:Siam
875:, a
864:(of
860:and
834:and
798:and
731:and
708:and
706:knee
668:The
652:knee
414:and
339:and
272:and
264:and
197:2022
193:2017
156:Type
141:Full
100:See
7654:Jab
6506:oil
6008:WCL
5998:WLC
5958:GFC
5953:FFC
5875:KOK
5870:GFC
5860:FEA
5850:DFS
5840:ACA
5784:ONE
5757:K-1
5742:EML
5726:IKF
5711:PKA
5706:WMF
5701:WMC
5696:WLF
5686:WKN
5681:WKA
5533:PMC
5515:doi
5474:PMC
5466:doi
5425:PMC
5415:doi
5355:doi
5306:doi
4100:doi
4096:111
3975:CNN
3725:doi
3282:or
3178:or
3145:or
3129:or
3115:or
3067:or
3059:or
3007:Jab
2593:or
2145:K-1
1975:or
1710:,
1702:,
1657:K-1
1643:or
1476:PKA
1458:K-1
1389:PKA
1384:K-1
1267:In
917:to
868:).
412:K-1
353:PKA
255:KIK
8432::
7086:,
6848:/
6003:W5
5541:.
5531:.
5523:.
5511:13
5509:.
5505:.
5482:.
5472:.
5462:31
5460:.
5456:.
5433:.
5423:.
5409:.
5405:.
5371:.
5363:.
5351:13
5349:.
5345:.
5322:.
5314:.
5302:95
5300:.
5296:.
5265:.
5214:.
5189:.
5164:.
5139:.
5105:.
5020:^
5004:.
4993:^
4978:^
4968:.
4909:.
4844:.
4817:.
4793:.
4649:.
4638:^
4622:.
4598:.
4573:.
4562:^
4539:.
4528:^
4512:.
4501:^
4473:^
4398:.
4359:.
4347:.
4238:^
4175:.
4142:.
4106:.
4094:.
4090:.
4029:,
3998:.
3973:.
3945:.
3888:.
3857:.
3753:^
3739:.
3731:.
3721:58
3719:.
3715:.
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3678:.
3651:.
3610:.
3585:.
3565:,
3528:.
3497:.
3466:.
3446:.
3417:^
3334:,
3307:–
3297:up
3263:–
2925:No
2914:,
2910:,
2906:,
2902:,
2898:,
2860:,
2856:,
2799:,
2775:.
2767:,
2763:,
2759:,
2736:,
2677:.
2669:,
2665:,
2661:,
2657:,
2653:,
2649:,
2645:,
2641:,
2625:,
2543:.
2535:,
2531:,
2527:,
2506:No
2417:.
2409:,
2405:,
2401:,
2397:,
2393:,
2389:,
2385:,
2381:,
2365:,
2236:.
2174:.
2166:,
2162:,
2158:,
2154:,
2125:No
2114:,
2110:,
2002:.
1994:,
1990:,
1914:,
1910:,
1906:,
1902:,
1898:,
1894:,
1870:No
1859:,
1855:,
1730:.
1722:,
1718:,
1714:,
1706:,
1698:,
1694:,
1663:,
1659:,
1630:No
1609:,
1526:,
1483:-
1474:-
1465:-
1456:-
1441:-
1331:,
1327:,
1323:,
1304:,
1097:TV
1020:.
992:.
984:,
948:.
929:.
856:,
727:,
613:,
521:).
513:,
509:,
505:,
501:,
497:,
493:,
466:,
434:,
410:,
394:,
375:.
328:.
320:,
316:,
312:,
308:,
284:,
182:No
151:No
118:,
114:,
65:,
61:,
7982:e
7975:t
7968:v
7690:)
7686:(
7670:)
7666:(
7469:e
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7082:(
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6695:/
6432:)
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4803:.
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4495:.
4467:.
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4285:.
4232:.
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4152:.
4128:.
4114:.
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4061:.
4035:.
4009:.
3983:.
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3874:.
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3821:.
3794:.
3772:.
3747:.
3727::
3697:.
3661:.
3637:.
3623:.
3596:.
3571:.
3545:.
3514:.
3483:.
3055:(
2790:.
2428:.
1257:.
1048:(
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712:.
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625:.
585:/
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460:(
438:.
248:/
245:ŋ
242:ɪ
239:s
236:k
233:ɒ
230:b
227:k
224:ɪ
221:k
218:ˈ
215:/
211:(
34:.
20:)
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