39:
1712:
1986:. In November, the Moscow-led diocese attempted to register the same 1935 statute, but was refused. In response, the diocese sued, attempting to establish that it, and not the church in exile, had maintained continuity of the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church during Soviet occupation. The court rebuffed this effort, ruling that the church in exile was indeed the legitimate successor of the Orthodox church in post-Soviet Estonia, making the EAOC the sole legal heir of all pre-1940 Orthodox church properties in Estonia.
1513:
3322:
2994:
2027:
similar to "Estonian
Apostolic Orthodox Church". At first, the government sided with the EAOC, who suggested instead names such as the "Russian Orthodox Church in Estonia" or the "Russian Orthodox Church diocese". The Estonian Business Association soon lobbied on behalf of the Moscow Patriarchate, because statements by Russian officials led them to believe a favorable registration would lead to reduced
1943:
was organized in Sweden in 1958 to maintain the continuity of the church in exile. Within
Estonia, the church continued as a diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1978, at the request of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople ruled the 1923 autonomy-granting
2022:
reached the following agreement: both the autonomous church and the
Russian diocese could operate in parallel within Estonia, and individual parishes and clergy would be allowed to choose which jurisdiction to follow. A referendum was held, and a majority of parishes (54 of 84, generally along
1882:
of August 1939. During the Soviet era, the
Estonian church's decision to break with Moscow in favor of Constantinople was ruled illegal. Consequently, the church lost its autonomy and was merged into the Russian Orthodox Church on 28 February 1941. More than half of the Estonian Orthodox clergy
2026:
The
Russian diocese continued its campaign to claim legal succession until 2001, when it dropped attempts to register the 1935 statute, and instead applied to the Ministry of Internal Affairs with the name "Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate". The EAOC protested, saying it was too
2185:
2055:
The issues around property ownership have been mostly settled. In 2002, the EAOC agreed to transfer ownership of churches used by the EOCMP to the state, who in turn would issue 50-year leases on the properties to the EOCMP. In return, the state agreed to renovate EAOC churches.
1995:
The Moscow
Patriarchate strongly opposed this ruling. Of particular concern were about 20 churches - built before the 1940s, and therefore legally the property of the EAOC - run by the Moscow-led diocese. In February 1996, the Constantinople Patriarchate reinstated the 1923
2047:
for the first time in country's modern history, remains divided, with the majority of faithful (mostly ethnic
Russians) remaining under Moscow. As of a government report in 2004, about 20,000 believers (mostly ethnic Estonians) in 54 parishes are part of the
2523:
1982:, which required all religious institutions to re-register with the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In August of the same year, the church in exile registered the 1935 statute, meaning it considered itself the continuation of the original
2193:
1542:
in the southeast regions of the area close to Pskov. The first mention of an
Orthodox congregation in Estonia dates from 1030. Around 600 AD on the east side of Toome Hill (Toomemägi) the Estonians established the town Tarbatu (modern
1790:. In April 1922, Tikhon was imprisoned, and the Estonian clergy lost contact with the Moscow Patriarchate. In September 1922 the Council of the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church petitioned the Patriarch of Constantinople,
2566:
1968:. Divisions within the Orthodox community soon arose; some wanted to remain under the Moscow Patriarchate, while others wished to reinstate the autonomous church in the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
1011:
1927:
over
Estonia by autumn of 1944. In 1945, the Moscow Patriarchate liquidated the EAOC, dismissing the remaining clergy and bringing all Estonian congregations into a single diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church.
3092:
486:
3102:
496:
1924:
1751:
1628:. During the 1800s, a significant number of Estonian peasants converted to the emperor's Orthodox faith in the (unfulfilled) hope of being rewarded with land. This led to the establishment of the
3147:
541:
3722:
3614:
3152:
546:
2100:
3727:
3579:
3732:
3122:
516:
3649:
3589:
2563:
1975:
by the
Soviets during the occupation. But which church - the one in exile, under Constantinople, or the one in Estonia, under Moscow - was the rightful Estonian Orthodox Church?
831:
1834:. There were over 210,000 adherents (mostly ethnic Estonians), three bishops, 156 parishes, 131 priests, 19 deacons, and a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the
3552:
3457:
3604:
1481:
ethnic minority and minority within native population. According to the 2000 Estonian census, 72.9% of those who identified as Orthodox Christians were of Russian descent.
3142:
1783:
536:
2413:
2043:
The Orthodox community in Estonia, which accounts for about 16.5% of the total population as of 2011, which has become largest Christian denomination in the country over
38:
606:
3127:
1445:
521:
2700:
883:
2479:
3132:
2225:
1912:
had pushed the invading German troops back to the Estonian border. With Soviet reoccupation imminent, an estimated 100,000 people fled Estonia. Among these were
526:
2052:
autonomous church under Constantinople, while 150,000 faithful in 30 parishes, along with the monastic community of PĂźhtitsa, are with the Moscow Patriarchate.
3298:
3225:
844:
2000:
that granted the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church's autonomy and established canonical subordination to the Ecumenical Patriarchate, stating that while the
1948:"inoperable", meaning Constantinople acknowledged the impossibility of an autonomous Orthodox church operating within the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic.
3429:
3137:
2972:
531:
343:
2439:"Patriarchal and Synodical Act Concerning the Reactivation of the Patriarchal and Synodical Tomos of 1923 Regarding the Orthodox Metropolitanate of Estonia"
1897:
in the history of Estonian Orthodoxy; in 1942 the church declared its autonomy and renewed relations with the Constantinople Patriarchate, but the Estonian
2434:
2274:
3067:
2645:
1497:
730:
461:
1555:. The congregation may have survived until 1061, when, according to chronicles, Yuryev was burned to the ground and the Orthodox Christians expelled.
3117:
3097:
2023:
ethnic lines) chose the autonomous Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church, even though a majority of the parishioners supported the Moscow Patriarchate.
647:
511:
491:
3112:
3107:
1890:
1016:
506:
501:
3659:
3507:
3035:
2936:
2259:
2108:
2070:
2032:
1114:
382:
338:
1021:
1586:
were later able to set up small Orthodox congregations in several Estonian towns. One such congregation was expelled from the town of Dorpat (
1971:
There was a legal aspect to the question as well. Once independent, Estonia began a program of property reform - that is, restoring property
1438:
1104:
2004:
had been declared inoperable in 1978, it "was not regarded as being void, invalid or revoked". The Moscow Patriarchate, whose Estonian-born
3557:
3040:
2693:
1767:
1649:
1551:, raided Tarbatu and built his own fort called Yuryev, as well as, allegedly, a congregation in a cathedral dedicated to his patron saint,
434:
1469:
with 9.1% (which was previously 13.6% in 2000 census) for first time in country's modern history. Eastern Orthodoxy, or more specifically
3487:
3050:
2718:
1230:
637:
444:
179:
64:
3422:
3072:
2977:
2759:
2747:
2251:
2011:
regarded his native Estonia as part of his canonical territory, abruptly severed relations with Constantinople, including a break of
1493:
466:
278:
273:
2293:
1756:
3308:
2783:
2657:
2543:
2321:
1431:
622:
288:
237:
212:
3694:
2686:
1990:
1791:
1134:
242:
1935:
of the Soviet Union, nearly half a century. Before his death in 1953, Metropolitan Alexander established his congregation as an
3162:
2771:
1727:
826:
783:
283:
202:
84:
3753:
3339:
3235:
3230:
2788:
1672:
grew steadily through the 19th century, the Estonian clergy also aspired for greater independence, starting with an Estonian
1411:
1129:
854:
849:
3619:
3415:
1401:
1391:
1218:
995:
877:
95:
73:
2880:
2764:
1516:
1109:
3537:
3020:
2613:
2476:
2342:
2155:
2065:
2049:
1983:
1739:
1485:
1079:
1046:
836:
816:
419:
593:
3679:
3260:
3190:
2588:"PC0454: AT LEAST 15-YEAR-OLD PERSONS BY RELIGION, SEX, AGE GROUP, ETHNIC NATIONALITY AND COUNTY, 31 DECEMBER 2011"
2130:"PC0454: AT LEAST 15-YEAR-OLD PERSONS BY RELIGION, SEX, AGE GROUP, ETHNIC NATIONALITY AND COUNTY, 31 DECEMBER 2011"
1461:
is practiced by 16.5% of the population, making it the most identified religion and Christian denomination in this
909:
769:
706:
222:
3609:
3569:
3472:
3175:
2752:
2507:
1961:
1800:
735:
711:
691:
677:
2271:
2031:
on Estonian-Russian trade. The effort succeeded, and on 17 April 2002 the Russian diocese was registered as the
3584:
1795:
1571:
1275:
1798:, and (2) clarify the Estonian church's canonical status. In 1923 the Patriarchate of Constantinople issued a
89:
3712:
3664:
3634:
3492:
3170:
1932:
1470:
1246:
1174:
939:
2387:
3689:
3599:
3547:
3512:
3497:
3482:
3467:
3462:
3452:
3303:
3200:
3002:
2826:
1805:
1705:
1489:
1416:
989:
811:
227:
207:
187:
3684:
3674:
3654:
3624:
3542:
3527:
3438:
2850:
1879:
1669:
1597:
Little is known about the history of the church in the area until the 17th and 18th centuries, when many
1366:
657:
232:
2587:
2129:
3669:
3594:
3564:
3522:
3477:
3015:
2960:
2948:
2814:
2391:
2080:
1839:
1826:. By that time, roughly one fifth of the total Estonian population were Orthodox Christians, including
1184:
806:
414:
371:
359:
22:
2833:
870:
764:
617:
598:
308:
69:
2338:
2018:
Relations between the conflicting Patriarchates were restored three months later, after meetings in
1742:(EAOC) as autonomous in economic, administrative and educational concerns, and granted it temporary
3639:
3532:
3045:
3025:
2912:
2857:
2845:
1923:
Despite stiff resistance from retreating German troops and Estonian nationalists, the Soviet Union
1916:, who along with roughly 20 priests established the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church in Exile at
1296:
1034:
716:
627:
439:
424:
333:
313:
303:
160:
79:
2524:"The Eastern Orthodox Church in the newly independent Estonia â the second act of the controversy"
3644:
3574:
3392:
3030:
2965:
2821:
2809:
2709:
2438:
1905:, mostly populated by ethnic Russians, maintained its connection to the Russian Orthodox Church.
1804:(ecclesiastical edict) which brought the EAOC under Constantinople's jurisdiction and granted it
1787:
1641:
1501:
1139:
904:
686:
642:
632:
429:
298:
293:
30:
1774:
ideology which held as an ideological goal the elimination of religion and its replacement with
3717:
3629:
3282:
3275:
3270:
3265:
2924:
2905:
2358:
1913:
1406:
571:
328:
2649:
1757:
1648:
was introduced, supported by the Russian hierarchy but not by the local Estonian clergy. The
2917:
2451:
1594:, Isidor, along with a number of Orthodox faithful (the group is commemorated on January 8).
1341:
1099:
366:
Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:
130:
3195:
2893:
1965:
1831:
1771:
1575:
1351:
1316:
821:
701:
249:
155:
126:
3346:
of the Church of Greece, the Patriarchate of Alexandria, and the Church of Cyprus in 2020.
8:
3326:
2290:
2075:
2005:
1835:
1794:, to (1) transfer control of the Estonian church from the Russian Orthodox Church to the
1731:
1548:
1530:
was most likely first introduced in the 10th through 12th centuries by missionaries from
1462:
1361:
1331:
3082:
2540:
2318:
2248:
1715:
1653:
2862:
2838:
2617:
2591:
2189:
2159:
2133:
2104:
2008:
1957:
1920:. There, the EAOC in Exile served about 10,000 Estonian Orthodox Christians worldwide.
1700:
of Tallinn. A staunch advocate of independence, he was executed two years later by the
1625:
1484:
Today, there are two branches of the Eastern Orthodox Church operating in Estonia: the
1311:
1241:
955:
894:
759:
696:
670:
134:
44:
2614:"PHC 2011: over a quarter of the population are affiliated with a particular religion"
2156:"PHC 2011: over a quarter of the population are affiliated with a particular religion"
1827:
2776:
2722:
1894:
1747:
1697:
1527:
1306:
1301:
1270:
1159:
749:
108:
3342:
with the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 2018, and later severed full communion with the
2503:
3502:
3343:
3217:
2953:
2941:
2929:
2900:
2888:
1735:
1711:
1617:
1346:
1321:
1149:
924:
801:
586:
323:
318:
150:
2035:(EOCMP). This did not bring about any of the hoped-for tariff reductions, though.
1204:
1199:
3212:
3062:
3010:
2570:
2547:
2483:
2325:
2297:
2278:
2255:
1779:
1685:
1606:
1559:
1371:
1326:
581:
456:
409:
1822:
The Estonian church remained a subject of the Constantinople Patriarchate until
1815:
In 1935 the church legally registered its statute with the state under the name
3255:
3247:
3180:
2354:
2028:
2012:
1693:
1621:
1613:
1567:
1396:
1154:
1119:
1041:
791:
754:
576:
3407:
1512:
3747:
3205:
1972:
1775:
1689:
1677:
1645:
1598:
1336:
1260:
1225:
566:
3185:
2801:
2621:
2456:
Eastern Europe: an introduction to the people, lands, and culture, Volume 1
2163:
1887:
1875:
1823:
1089:
944:
197:
145:
48:
2678:
2730:
2504:"Estonia: Two Branches of Orthodox Church Seeking to Live in One Country"
2044:
1809:
1743:
1466:
1164:
1084:
1074:
1059:
934:
899:
263:
217:
192:
1562:
in the beginning of the 13th century, northern Estonia was conquered by
3379:
UOC-MP was moved to formally cut ties with the ROC as of May 27th 2022.
2876:
1552:
1265:
1144:
1124:
978:
2101:"Statistical database: Population Census 2000 â Religious affiliation"
1855:
1719:
1657:
2739:
2362:
1936:
1931:
The Estonian Orthodox church remained split as long as Estonia was a
1917:
1681:
1194:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1094:
1002:
914:
796:
165:
102:
1909:
1863:
1701:
1579:
1531:
1478:
1054:
984:
972:
961:
400:
3321:
2993:
2673:
1898:
1847:
1843:
1673:
1629:
1563:
1539:
1520:
1474:
1069:
919:
377:
Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:
269:
Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:
1574:, and thus all of present-day Estonia fell under the control of
2019:
1859:
1637:
1602:
1591:
1356:
949:
1940:
1908:
In time, Germany's fortunes changed. By early 1944, Russia's
1902:
1851:
1587:
1583:
1544:
1535:
1064:
967:
2186:"Population By Religious Affiliation And Ethnic Nationality"
1951:
1633:
929:
1878:, as part of a secret territory-dividing agreement in the
2378:, ch.2, St Vladimir's Seminary Press, Crestwood NY, 1984.
1612:
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Estonia was part of the
1819:. This would have important legal ramifications later.
3370:
Autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized.
2654:
Annual Report on International Religious Freedom, 2004
1874:
In 1940, Estonia became a constituent republic of the
1782:
the Soviet leadership in 1918, leading to a period of
350:
Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches
2376:
The Russian Church Under the Soviet Regime, 1917-1983
2388:"Glorification of St Tikhon, the Apostle to America"
1498:
Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate
1978:Early in 1993, the Estonian parliament passed the
2486:, Catholic Near East Welfare Association website.
2319:A Brief History of the Orthodox Church of Estonia
2230:The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity
3745:
2359:"The Attitude of the Workers' Party to Religion"
3437:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2260:Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate
2093:
2071:Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate
2033:Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate
1886:This arrangement proved to be short-lived, as
1644:in 1850. In the late 19th century, a wave of
3423:
3395:whose autonomy is not universally recognized.
2694:
2249:Historical background of Orthodoxy in Estonia
1838:. Notable Orthodox institutions included the
1590:) by the Germans in 1472, who martyred their
1439:
2558:
2556:
2423:
2232:, p.226-8, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2011.
1650:Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky in Tallinn
1566:and the southern part of the country by the
2708:
3430:
3416:
3387:
3385:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3352:
2701:
2687:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
1446:
1432:
3073:Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia
2641:
2639:
2553:
2518:
2516:
2435:Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople
1952:Estonian independence and property reform
1494:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
3309:Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church
2477:"The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church"
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2339:"Bishop Platon - His Life And Martyrdom"
1732:Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church
1710:
1511:
3382:
3373:
3349:
3332:
2397:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2122:
1893:in July 1941. This triggered the first
1752:Metropolitan of Tallinn and All Estonia
1696:Estonian Orthodox community, to become
1663:
1523:, built at the end of the 19th century.
3746:
3299:Unrecognized Eastern Orthodox churches
2636:
2513:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
1730:of an independent Estonian state, the
3411:
2719:Autocephalous and autonomous churches
2682:
2646:Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
2575:Estonica - Encyclopedia about Estonia
2550:, Orthodox Church of Estonia website.
2533:
2528:Estonica - Encyclopedia about Estonia
2461:
2418:Estonica - Encyclopedia about Estonia
2328:, Orthodox Church of Estonia website.
2302:Estonica - Encyclopedia about Estonia
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2564:"Possible solutions to the conflict"
2331:
2307:
1869:
1778:. In response, Patriarch Tikhon had
1624:in 1721 following its defeat in the
1601:fled there from Russia to avoid the
1402:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs
1012:Differences from the Catholic Church
878:History of Eastern Orthodox theology
3093:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
2489:
2207:
2038:
1991:MoscowâConstantinople schism (1996)
724:Other possible ecumenical councils:
487:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
13:
3046:Bessarabia (Romanian Patriarchate)
2343:Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church
2235:
2066:Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church
1984:Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church
1817:Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church
1740:Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church
1578:. However, Russian merchants from
1500:, a semi-autonomous church of the
1486:Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church
14:
3765:
3021:Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)
3016:Finland (Ecumenical Patriarchate)
2667:
2541:"Estonian Orthodoxy in the 1990s"
2192:. 22 October 2002. Archived from
2107:. 22 October 2002. Archived from
594:American Orthodox Catholic Church
3320:
3261:Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom
3191:State church of the Roman Empire
3103:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
3041:Americas (Romanian Patriarchate)
2992:
2272:Russian Old Believers in Estonia
1880:GermanâSoviet Nonaggression Pact
1609:of the Russian Orthodox Church.
497:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
37:
3176:First seven ecumenical councils
3063:Crete (Ecumenical Patriarchate)
2620:. 29 April 2013. Archived from
2606:
2580:
2508:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2444:
2381:
2368:
2348:
2162:. 29 April 2013. Archived from
1547:). In 1030, the Kievan prince,
817:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
678:First Seven Ecumenical Councils
3222:MoscowâConstantinople schisms
2284:
2265:
2178:
2148:
1980:Churches and Congregations Act
1796:Patriarchate of Constantinople
1572:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
1:
3171:Apostles in the New Testament
3148:Switzerland and Liechtenstein
3068:Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)
3051:Moldova (Moscow Patriarchate)
3036:Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate)
2226:"Estonia, Orthodox Church in"
2086:
1660:were built around this time.
1473:, is mostly practiced within
1471:Eastern Orthodox Christianity
1247:Intercession of the Theotokos
1022:Opposition to papal supremacy
841:MoscowâConstantinople schism
542:Switzerland and Liechtenstein
3754:Eastern Orthodoxy in Estonia
3391:Semi-autonomous part of the
3304:Eastern Orthodoxy by country
2458:, p.65, ABC-CLIO Inc., 2006.
2414:"History of the controversy"
1706:Estonian War of Independence
1459:Eastern Orthodoxy in Estonia
812:Christianization of Bulgaria
7:
3439:Eastern Orthodoxy in Europe
3031:China (Moscow Patriarchate)
3026:Japan (Moscow Patriarchate)
2365:, No.45, May 13 (26), 1909.
2059:
2050:Estonian Apostolic Orthodox
1962:disintegrating Soviet Union
1958:proclaimed its independence
1956:On 20 August 1991, Estonia
1367:Photios I of Constantinople
884:20th century (Neo-Palamism)
807:Christianization of Georgia
10:
3770:
2740:Four ancient patriarchates
2658:Government Printing Office
2392:Orthodox Church in America
2081:Catholic Church in Estonia
1988:
1840:Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery
1517:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
1507:
1017:Opposition to the Filioque
560:Noncanonical jurisdictions
3703:
3445:
3317:
3291:
3246:
3161:
3123:Great Britain and Ireland
3081:
3001:
2990:
2873:
2799:
2738:
2729:
2716:
2374:Pospielovsky, Dimitry V.
1964:, restoring the pre-1940
1750:was elected and ordained
1738:, in 1920 recognized the
1254:The four fasting periods:
1135:Eastern Orthodox marriage
743:Other important councils:
599:American World Patriarchs
517:Great Britain and Ireland
3153:United States of America
3058:Semi-autonomous churches
2937:Czech Lands and Slovakia
1966:parliamentary government
1939:under Constantinople. A
1680:in Tallinn headed by an
1297:Athanasius of Alexandria
547:United States of America
339:Czech Lands and Slovakia
161:Four Marks of the Church
3393:Russian Orthodox Church
3327:Christianity portal
2710:Eastern Orthodox Church
2674:www.balticorthodoxy.com
2510:archives, May 10, 2002.
1788:Russian Orthodox Church
1642:Russian Orthodox Church
1614:Imperial Russian Empire
1502:Russian Orthodox Church
1130:Eastern Orthodox bowing
31:Eastern Orthodox Church
3488:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3340:severed full communion
3271:Liturgy of Saint James
3266:Liturgy of Saint Basil
2731:Autocephalous churches
2355:Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich
2015:between the churches.
1914:Metropolitan Alexander
1723:
1524:
1463:majority-secular state
1407:Eastern Orthodox cross
572:Spiritual Christianity
3276:Liturgy of Saint Mark
2577:, Estonian Institute.
2539:Rimestad, Sebastian.
2530:, Estonian Institute.
2420:, Estonian Institute.
2304:, Estonian Institute.
2281:, Estonia.eu website.
1989:Further information:
1883:resigned in protest.
1714:
1515:
1467:Lutheran Christianity
1417:Statistics by country
1342:Maximus the Confessor
770:Constantinople (1872)
2441:, February 20, 1996.
1763:, head of the EAOC.
1670:Estonian nationalism
1664:The road to autonomy
1576:Western Christianity
1352:Theodore the Studite
1317:Gregory of Nazianzus
1175:Russian bell ringing
1100:Liturgical entrances
910:Essence vs. Energies
905:Contemplative prayer
658:Evangelical Orthodox
480:Episcopal assemblies
203:Ecumenical Patriarch
156:Apostolic succession
3704:States with limited
3003:Autonomous churches
2624:on 24 November 2017
2166:on 24 November 2017
2076:Religion in Estonia
1836:University of Tartu
1784:intense persecution
1728:Russian recognition
1558:As a result of the
1362:Cyril and Methodius
1332:Cyril of Alexandria
1219:Liturgical calendar
1035:Liturgy and worship
671:Ecumenical councils
74:History of theology
3143:Spain and Portugal
2618:Statistics Estonia
2594:. 31 December 2011
2592:Statistics Estonia
2569:2018-10-16 at the
2546:2011-09-28 at the
2502:Mite, Valentinas.
2482:2013-11-03 at the
2324:2011-09-28 at the
2296:2018-05-15 at the
2277:2011-07-20 at the
2254:2016-08-11 at the
2190:Statistics Estonia
2160:Statistics Estonia
2136:. 31 December 2011
2134:Statistics Estonia
2105:Statistics Estonia
1925:reasserted control
1830:, Estonia's first
1724:
1722:, eastern Estonia.
1692:, a priest of the
1684:bishop. In 1917 a
1626:Great Northern War
1603:liturgical reforms
1525:
1312:Cyril of Jerusalem
1242:Feast of Orthodoxy
537:Spain and Portugal
45:Christ Pantocrator
3741:
3740:
3405:
3404:
2988:
2987:
2723:Eastern Orthodoxy
2196:on 17 August 2011
1870:Soviet occupation
1862:in Tallinn and a
1748:Aleksander Paulus
1570:and later by the
1549:Yaroslav the Wise
1538:active among the
1492:church under the
1465:after surpassing
1456:
1455:
1307:Basil of Caesarea
1302:Ephrem the Syrian
1185:Sign of the cross
1160:Paschal troparion
940:Mystical theology
750:Quinisext Council
451:Semi-Autonomous:
96:View of salvation
3761:
3446:Sovereign states
3432:
3425:
3418:
3409:
3408:
3396:
3389:
3380:
3377:
3371:
3368:
3347:
3336:
3325:
3324:
3218:Old Calendarists
3196:EastâWest Schism
3059:
2996:
2736:
2735:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2680:
2679:
2661:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2584:
2578:
2562:Ringvee, Ringo.
2560:
2551:
2537:
2531:
2522:Ringvee, Ringo.
2520:
2511:
2500:
2487:
2474:
2459:
2448:
2442:
2432:
2421:
2412:Ringvee, Ringo.
2410:
2395:
2385:
2379:
2372:
2366:
2352:
2346:
2335:
2329:
2316:
2305:
2288:
2282:
2269:
2263:
2246:
2233:
2222:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2097:
2039:The church today
1772:MarxistâLeninist
1762:
1759:
1716:PĂźhtitsa Convent
1654:PĂźhtitsa Convent
1448:
1441:
1434:
1347:John of Damascus
1322:Gregory of Nyssa
1150:Paschal greeting
1115:Memorial service
925:Hypostatic union
802:Byzantine Empire
587:Old Calendarists
208:Episcopal polity
151:Christian Church
41:
18:
17:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3723:Northern Cyprus
3705:
3699:
3620:North Macedonia
3441:
3436:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3390:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3350:
3337:
3333:
3319:
3313:
3287:
3242:
3213:Catacomb Church
3157:
3128:Italy and Malta
3084:
3077:
3057:
2997:
2984:
2973:North Macedonia
2875:
2869:
2795:
2725:
2712:
2707:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2644:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2571:Wayback Machine
2561:
2554:
2548:Wayback Machine
2538:
2534:
2521:
2514:
2501:
2490:
2484:Wayback Machine
2475:
2462:
2449:
2445:
2433:
2424:
2411:
2398:
2386:
2382:
2373:
2369:
2353:
2349:
2336:
2332:
2326:Wayback Machine
2317:
2308:
2298:Wayback Machine
2289:
2285:
2279:Wayback Machine
2270:
2266:
2256:Wayback Machine
2247:
2236:
2223:
2208:
2199:
2197:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2062:
2041:
2029:customs tariffs
1993:
1954:
1891:invaded Estonia
1872:
1828:Konstantin Päts
1808:, but not full
1766:Prior to this,
1754:
1686:plenary council
1666:
1607:Patriarch Nikon
1560:Baltic Crusades
1510:
1452:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1386:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1372:Gregory Palamas
1327:John Chrysostom
1291:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1251:
1231:12 Great Feasts
1221:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1105:Liturgical fans
1047:Divine Services
1037:
1027:
1026:
1008:
873:
863:
862:
861:
786:
776:
775:
774:
740:
721:
673:
663:
662:
654:
603:
582:Catacomb Church
561:
553:
552:
551:
522:Italy and Malta
481:
473:
472:
471:
449:
440:Bessarabia (RP)
404:
393:
392:
391:
389:
387:
364:
348:
344:North Macedonia
267:
256:
255:
254:
182:
172:
171:
170:
139:
136:
121:
113:
51:
12:
11:
5:
3767:
3757:
3756:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3695:United Kingdom
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3508:Czech Republic
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3435:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3412:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3381:
3372:
3348:
3330:
3329:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3256:Byzantine Rite
3252:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3181:Church Fathers
3178:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2885:
2883:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2806:
2804:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2789:Theophilos III
2781:
2780:
2779:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2748:Constantinople
2744:
2742:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2668:External links
2666:
2663:
2662:
2635:
2605:
2579:
2552:
2532:
2512:
2488:
2460:
2443:
2422:
2396:
2380:
2367:
2347:
2330:
2306:
2283:
2264:
2234:
2206:
2177:
2147:
2121:
2111:on 15 May 2011
2091:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2061:
2058:
2040:
2037:
1953:
1950:
1871:
1868:
1780:excommunicated
1770:had adopted a
1726:Following the
1694:St. Petersburg
1665:
1662:
1622:Swedish Empire
1616:, having been
1605:introduced by
1568:Teutonic Order
1509:
1506:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1273:
1271:Apostles' Fast
1268:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1205:Use of incense
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1155:Paschal Homily
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1120:Memory Eternal
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1042:Divine Liturgy
1038:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1007:
1006:
999:
992:
987:
982:
975:
970:
965:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
891:
890:
889:
888:
887:
874:
869:
868:
865:
864:
860:
859:
858:
857:
852:
847:
839:
834:
832:Ottoman Empire
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
792:Church Fathers
788:
787:
782:
781:
778:
777:
773:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
746:
745:
744:
739:
738:
733:
727:
726:
725:
720:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
683:
682:
681:
674:
669:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
653:
652:
651:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
612:
611:
610:
602:
601:
596:
591:
590:
589:
584:
577:True Orthodoxy
574:
569:
563:
562:
559:
558:
555:
554:
550:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
483:
482:
479:
478:
475:
474:
470:
469:
464:
459:
453:
448:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
406:
405:
399:
398:
395:
394:
386:
385:
379:
375:
374:
368:
363:
362:
356:
347:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
274:Constantinople
270:
268:
262:
261:
258:
257:
253:
252:
247:
246:
245:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
184:
183:
178:
177:
174:
173:
169:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
142:
141:
140:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
114:
112:
111:
106:
99:
92:
90:Holy Mysteries
87:
85:Church history
82:
77:
67:
61:
58:
57:
53:
52:
42:
34:
33:
27:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3766:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3728:South Ossetia
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3702:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3580:Liechtenstein
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3394:
3388:
3386:
3376:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3323:
3316:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3206:Old Believers
3204:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3133:Latin America
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2874:Autocephalous
2872:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2802:patriarchates
2798:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2753:Bartholomew I
2751:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2377:
2371:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2344:
2340:
2337:Poska, JĂźri.
2334:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2224:Toom, Tarmo.
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:state atheism
1773:
1769:
1768:Soviet Russia
1764:
1760:
1753:
1749:
1746:. Archbishop
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1698:Bishop Platon
1695:
1691:
1690:Paul Kulbusch
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:Russification
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1599:Old Believers
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1381:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:John Climacus
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:Major figures
1287:
1286:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1261:Nativity Fast
1259:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1235:Other feasts:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1226:Paschal cycle
1224:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1000:
998:
997:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
980:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
963:
958:
957:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
892:
885:
881:
880:
879:
876:
875:
872:
867:
866:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
840:
838:
837:North America
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
785:
780:
779:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
742:
741:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
723:
722:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
679:
676:
675:
672:
667:
666:
659:
656:
655:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
614:
613:
608:
605:
604:
600:
597:
595:
592:
588:
585:
583:
580:
579:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
567:Old Believers
565:
564:
557:
556:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
527:Latin America
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
477:
476:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
454:
452:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
435:Americas (RP)
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
403:jurisdictions
402:
397:
396:
390:
384:
383:Ukraine (UOC)
381:
380:
378:
373:
372:Ukraine (OCU)
370:
369:
367:
361:
358:
357:
355:
353:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
266:jurisdictions
265:
264:Autocephalous
260:
259:
251:
248:
244:
241:
240:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
181:
176:
175:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
143:
138:
132:
128:
124:
123:
117:
116:
110:
109:View of icons
107:
105:
104:
100:
98:
97:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:
66:
63:
62:
60:
59:
55:
54:
50:
46:
40:
36:
35:
32:
29:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
3733:Transnistria
3517:
3375:
3334:
3283:Western Rite
3226:15thâ16th c.
3186:Great Church
2906:Ieronymos II
2881:metropolises
2877:archdioceses
2653:
2626:. Retrieved
2622:the original
2608:
2596:. Retrieved
2582:
2574:
2535:
2527:
2455:
2450:Huang, Mel.
2446:
2417:
2383:
2375:
2370:
2350:
2333:
2301:
2286:
2267:
2229:
2198:. Retrieved
2194:the original
2180:
2168:. Retrieved
2164:the original
2150:
2138:. Retrieved
2124:
2113:. Retrieved
2109:the original
2095:
2054:
2042:
2025:
2017:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1979:
1977:
1973:expropriated
1970:
1955:
1945:
1933:member state
1930:
1922:
1907:
1888:Nazi Germany
1885:
1876:Soviet Union
1873:
1866:in Petseri.
1824:World War II
1821:
1816:
1814:
1799:
1765:
1725:
1667:
1611:
1596:
1557:
1526:
1483:
1458:
1457:
1412:Saint titles
1392:Architecture
1385:Other topics
1090:Jesus Prayer
1001:
994:
977:
960:
954:
945:Nicene Creed
920:Holy Trinity
895:Apophaticism
845:15thâ16th c.
822:Great Schism
462:Estonia (MP)
450:
445:Moldova (MP)
420:Estonia (EP)
388:
376:
365:
351:
349:
198:Patriarchate
180:Organization
146:Christianity
133: /
131:Resurrection
129: /
103:View of Mary
101:
94:
49:Hagia Sophia
15:
3706:recognition
3680:Switzerland
3615:Netherlands
3138:Scandinavia
2765:Theodore II
2291:"Orthodoxy"
2045:Lutheranism
1810:autocephaly
1792:Meletius IV
1755: [
1744:autocephaly
1704:during the
1636:(in modern
1165:Prayer rope
1085:Iconostasis
1075:Euchologion
1060:Apolytikion
935:Metousiosis
900:Chrismation
532:Scandinavia
238:Monasticism
193:Autocephaly
127:Crucifixion
3650:San Marino
3610:Montenegro
3590:Luxembourg
3570:Kazakhstan
3473:Azerbaijan
3085:Assemblies
2966:Epiphanius
2918:Anastasios
2894:George III
2760:Alexandria
2200:2011-07-11
2115:2011-02-18
2087:References
1850:—in
1736:St. Tikhon
1553:St. George
1496:, and the
1490:autonomous
1266:Great Lent
1145:Paraklesis
1125:Omophorion
1080:Holy Water
979:Philokalia
638:Montenegro
467:ROCOR (MP)
457:Crete (EP)
430:China (MP)
425:Japan (MP)
401:Autonomous
279:Alexandria
120:Background
43:Mosaic of
3585:Lithuania
2942:Rastislav
2827:Porfirije
2784:Jerusalem
2656:, p.324,
2650:"Estonia"
2628:9 January
2598:9 January
2452:"Estonia"
2363:Proletary
2170:9 January
2140:9 January
2013:communion
2009:Alexei II
2006:Patriarch
1937:exarchate
1918:Stockholm
1832:President
1676:having a
1640:) by the
1540:Estonians
1528:Orthodoxy
1276:Dormition
1200:Vestments
1195:Troparion
1190:Sticheron
1180:Semantron
1170:Prosphora
1095:Kontakion
1003:Theotokos
956:Oikonomia
915:Hesychasm
797:Pentarchy
765:Jerusalem
609:churches:
289:Jerusalem
213:Canon law
166:Orthodoxy
135:Ascension
65:Structure
3748:Category
3713:Abkhazia
3665:Slovenia
3660:Slovakia
3635:Portugal
3493:Bulgaria
3344:primates
3338:The ROC
3083:Diaspora
2834:Bulgaria
2567:Archived
2544:Archived
2480:Archived
2394:website.
2345:website.
2322:Archived
2294:Archived
2275:Archived
2262:website.
2252:Archived
2060:See also
1910:Red Army
1864:seminary
1848:convents
1806:autonomy
1758:Wikidata
1702:Red Army
1682:Estonian
1652:and the
1580:Novgorod
1532:Novgorod
1357:Kassiani
1055:Akathist
985:Phronema
973:Palamism
962:Akribeia
871:Theology
618:Abkhazia
607:National
309:Bulgaria
250:Bratstvo
188:Autonomy
137:of Jesus
70:Theology
56:Overview
23:a series
21:Part of
3690:Ukraine
3640:Romania
3600:Moldova
3558:Ireland
3553:Iceland
3548:Hungary
3538:Germany
3533:Georgia
3523:Finland
3518:Estonia
3513:Denmark
3498:Croatia
3483:Belgium
3478:Belarus
3468:Austria
3463:Armenia
3458:Andorra
3453:Albania
3248:Liturgy
3163:History
3118:Germany
3098:Austria
2961:Ukraine
2949:America
2913:Albania
2863:Ilia II
2858:Georgia
2846:Romania
2800:Junior
2772:Antioch
2660:, 2005.
1960:from a
1899:diocese
1856:Kuremäe
1844:Petseri
1786:of the
1720:Kuremäe
1674:diocese
1658:Kuremäe
1630:diocese
1620:by the
1564:Denmark
1521:Tallinn
1508:History
1479:Russian
1475:Estonia
1070:Ectenia
996:Theosis
784:History
717:Seventh
623:Belarus
512:Germany
492:Austria
415:Finland
360:America
352:de jure
334:Albania
314:Georgia
304:Romania
284:Antioch
243:Degrees
233:Deacons
228:Priests
223:Bishops
80:Liturgy
72: (
3718:Kosovo
3685:Turkey
3675:Sweden
3655:Serbia
3645:Russia
3630:Poland
3625:Norway
3605:Monaco
3575:Latvia
3543:Greece
3528:France
3503:Cyprus
3201:Raskol
3113:France
3108:Canada
2978:Stefan
2954:Tikhon
2925:Poland
2901:Greece
2889:Cyprus
2851:Daniel
2839:Daniil
2822:Serbia
2815:Kirill
2810:Russia
2777:John X
2020:Zurich
1895:schism
1860:priory
1846:, two
1688:chose
1638:Latvia
1592:priest
1140:Praxis
950:Nepsis
827:Russia
760:Moscow
731:Eighth
702:Fourth
692:Second
648:UOCâKP
643:Turkey
633:Latvia
507:France
502:Canada
329:Poland
324:Greece
319:Cyprus
299:Serbia
294:Russia
218:Clergy
25:on the
3670:Spain
3595:Malta
3565:Italy
3292:Other
3011:Sinai
2002:tomos
1998:tomos
1946:tomos
1941:synod
1903:Narva
1852:Narva
1801:tomos
1761:]
1618:ceded
1588:Tartu
1584:Pskov
1545:Tartu
1536:Pskov
1488:, an
1065:Artos
968:Ousia
930:Icons
755:Jassy
736:Ninth
712:Sixth
707:Fifth
697:Third
687:First
628:Italy
410:Sinai
3236:2018
3231:1996
2930:Sawa
2630:2014
2600:2014
2172:2014
2142:2014
1858:, a
1854:and
1634:Riga
1582:and
1534:and
1397:Folk
1278:Fast
1110:Lity
855:2018
850:1996
2721:of
1901:of
1842:in
1718:in
1678:see
1668:As
1656:in
1632:of
1519:in
1477:'s
990:Sin
959:vs
3750::
3384:^
3351:^
2652:,
2648:.
2638:^
2616:.
2590:.
2573:,
2555:^
2526:,
2515:^
2506:,
2491:^
2463:^
2454:,
2437:.
2425:^
2416:,
2399:^
2390:,
2361:,
2357:.
2341:,
2309:^
2300:,
2258:,
2237:^
2228:,
2209:^
2188:.
2158:.
2132:.
2103:.
1812:.
1734:,
1708:.
1504:.
354::
47:,
3431:e
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3417:v
2879:/
2702:e
2695:t
2688:v
2632:.
2602:.
2203:.
2174:.
2144:.
2118:.
1447:e
1440:t
1433:v
886:)
882:(
680::
76:)
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