2668:
3127:
2656:
1055:
979:
3699:
3141:
991:
3711:
2889:
3054:, and the principle of individual initiative—this contributed to obscuring other aspects of the rich body of political liberalism to be found in Smith's work. For example, his work promoted the ideal that the everyday man could hold ownership of his own property and trade, which Smith felt would slowly allow for individuals to take control of their places within society.
3078:
Economic liberalism opposes government intervention in the economy when it leads to inefficient outcomes. They are supportive of a strong state that protects the right to property and enforces contracts. They may also support government interventions to resolve market failures.
3036:
did not mean no government intervention at all. On the contrary, they were more than willing to see government provide tariffs, railroad subsidies, and internal improvements, all of which benefited producers. What they condemned was intervention in behalf of consumers."
3045:
In its initial formation, economic liberalism was focused on promoting the idea of private ownership and trade; however, due to a growing awareness of concerns regarding policy, the rise of economic liberalism paved the way for a new form of liberalism, known as
2907:, economic liberalism was born as the theory of economics of liberalism, which advocates minimal interference by government in the economy. Arguments in favor of economic liberalism were advanced by Smith and others during the age of enlightenment, opposing
2952:), provided that at least minimum standards of public information and justice exist, so that no one is allowed to coerce, steal, or commit fraud, and there should be freedom of speech and press. This ideology was well reflected in English law;
3050:. This promoted an accommodation for government intervention in order to help the poor. As subsequent authors picked up and promoted widespread appeal of a subset of Smith's economic theories to support their own work—of free trade, the
2933:. In Smith's view, if everyone is left to his own economic devices instead of being controlled by the state, the result would be a harmonious and more equal society of ever-increasing prosperity. This underpinned the move towards a
2972:
to run national economies in their own personal interests. By the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, this opposition was largely defeated in the primary capital markets of
Western countries.
3279:
2234:
3390:
3066:
or economic libertarianism in the United States. The ideology that highlighted the financial aspect of economic liberalism is called fiscal liberalism, which is defined as support for
3449:
2921:
3553:
Hence the emphasis today on the study of political economy, and the identification of
Gladstone with 'fiscal liberalism', defined above all as the liberalism of free trade.
3334:
3257:
2742:
is considered one of the primary initial writers on economic liberalism, and his writing is generally regarded as representing the economic expression of 19th-century
2956:, denying the existence of a duty of good faith in English contract law, emphasised the "adversarial position of the parties when involved in negotiations".
6059:
1998:
3906:
3762:
2944:
The early theory of economic liberalism was based on the assumption that the economic actions of individuals are largely based on self-interest (
3536:
589:
6084:
6054:
2992:
to only 3% for imports and exports and in 1790. Ottoman free trade policies were praised by
British economists advocating free trade such as
2023:
1993:
5379:
2964:
Initially, the economic liberals had to contend with arguments from the supporters of feudal privileges for the wealthy, traditions of the
2698:
2075:
1021:
3087:
based on classical liberalism include a broader role for the state but do not seek to replace private enterprise and the free market with
3028:
during the 19th century had distinctive characteristics as opposed to
Britain: "t the center of classical liberal theory was the idea of
6561:
3459:
3372:
3497:
6089:
4978:
3025:
2028:
1148:
3703:
2418:
6280:
6069:
2008:
6516:
5525:
5497:
3326:
2937:
economic system in the late 18th century and the subsequent demise of the mercantilist system. Private property and individual
2497:
6136:
5446:
5158:
2542:
2336:
2115:
5421:
5347:
5287:
5220:
5178:
4443:
3743:
3715:
3001:
2368:
2229:
2177:
2172:
2797:. An economy that is managed according to these precepts may be described as a liberal economy or operating under liberal
6556:
6109:
5714:
5492:
5193:
3197:
2981:
2485:
2197:
2048:
1650:
17:
6699:
6521:
5532:
5502:
5406:
5312:
5225:
5188:
5183:
3681:
3662:
3643:
3624:
3546:
3522:
3491:
3384:
3251:
2408:
2306:
2254:
2192:
2187:
2125:
6755:
6099:
5858:
5317:
3155:
2413:
2038:
1793:
516:
6735:
5337:
2691:
2448:
1014:
6740:
5477:
4655:
2475:
1380:
6398:
5908:
4687:
2880:. Economic liberalism follows the same philosophical approach as classical liberalism and fiscal conservatism.
1843:
1412:
6770:
6730:
6500:
5272:
5257:
5173:
4272:
2321:
2301:
780:
438:
2817:
through measures such as low taxes, reduced government spending, and minimized government debt. Free trade,
2356:
6745:
6725:
6541:
5108:
3856:
3007:, who cited the Ottoman Empire as "an instance of the injury done by unrestrained competition" in the 1846
2715:
830:
820:
6546:
6273:
5988:
5115:
4665:
4559:
4381:
3921:
3455:
2790:
2684:
2346:
1923:
1390:
1284:
1007:
526:
463:
396:
374:
5878:
3011:
debate, arguing that it destroyed what had been "some of the finest manufactures of the world" in 1812.
1813:
6439:
5913:
5594:
5034:
5004:
4650:
4088:
2834:
2398:
2063:
1848:
1530:
1375:
835:
351:
6602:
6383:
6343:
6074:
5868:
5322:
5090:
4909:
4904:
4216:
4028:
3891:
2948:) and that allowing them to act without any restrictions will produce the best results for everyone (
2830:
2509:
2403:
2013:
1803:
1483:
1469:
609:
296:
6689:
6576:
6333:
6104:
5267:
5252:
4926:
4569:
4436:
3997:
3961:
3736:
3160:
2296:
2281:
2147:
2043:
1294:
1101:
883:
579:
426:
265:
239:
161:
106:
5963:
5848:
4172:
1898:
1783:
6694:
6338:
6195:
6064:
5903:
5520:
5436:
5247:
5065:
4946:
4818:
4503:
4470:
4361:
4255:
3791:
3175:
3104:
2984:, dating back to the first commercial treaties signed with France in 1536 and taken further with
2930:
2786:
2770:
2601:
2480:
2423:
2311:
2276:
2135:
2090:
2003:
1838:
1228:
1193:
1074:
775:
421:
416:
406:
101:
5744:
1680:
6765:
6464:
6444:
6266:
6079:
6049:
5487:
5426:
5411:
5342:
5307:
5302:
5282:
5044:
4488:
4331:
4326:
4241:
4211:
3180:
2514:
2490:
2458:
2428:
2393:
2388:
2363:
2224:
2142:
2018:
1988:
1213:
928:
805:
599:
458:
389:
276:
234:
6704:
6526:
6469:
6368:
6229:
6151:
6126:
6094:
5993:
5968:
5958:
5863:
5694:
5679:
5579:
5456:
5389:
5352:
5332:
5262:
5210:
5205:
5163:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5039:
5029:
5024:
4391:
4366:
4351:
4282:
4267:
4102:
4068:
3991:
3976:
3861:
3776:
3096:
2985:
2635:
2557:
2532:
2504:
2463:
2443:
2433:
2378:
2316:
2291:
2207:
2202:
2167:
2152:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2085:
2080:
2033:
1928:
1903:
1893:
1798:
1630:
1615:
1515:
1457:
908:
893:
815:
795:
750:
647:
506:
496:
468:
341:
331:
259:
5838:
3986:
3481:
1773:
254:
6750:
6592:
6571:
6328:
6217:
5654:
5619:
5482:
5472:
5441:
5431:
5394:
5327:
5297:
5292:
5277:
5242:
5215:
5168:
5130:
5120:
5080:
4973:
4968:
4956:
4826:
4772:
4738:
4692:
4537:
4008:
3971:
3846:
3811:
2900:
2873:
2865:
2857:
2802:
2623:
2438:
2383:
2373:
2351:
2331:
2326:
2286:
2271:
2249:
2212:
2162:
2120:
2110:
2070:
1590:
1555:
1464:
1417:
1262:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1069:
958:
913:
888:
855:
559:
554:
491:
486:
244:
81:
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5095:
3871:
1580:
1054:
8:
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6684:
6485:
6212:
5978:
5749:
5689:
5639:
5357:
5085:
5070:
5060:
5019:
4951:
4936:
4921:
4916:
4831:
4750:
4623:
4542:
4429:
4321:
4316:
4201:
4033:
3796:
3729:
3112:
3063:
2877:
2806:
2735:
2618:
2266:
2239:
2182:
2130:
1913:
1685:
1625:
1575:
1348:
1267:
1141:
1111:
1106:
1079:
1038:
672:
594:
549:
544:
411:
401:
301:
76:
34:
6679:
6018:
5953:
5853:
5451:
5416:
5103:
5075:
4985:
4618:
4598:
4341:
4162:
4093:
4053:
3916:
3613:
3307:
3051:
2341:
2244:
2157:
1953:
1888:
1788:
1343:
1323:
1160:
918:
878:
755:
604:
569:
356:
316:
271:
191:
146:
126:
5669:
4809:
3062:
Economic liberalism is a much broader concept than fiscal liberalism, which is called
1605:
6643:
6633:
6313:
6248:
5998:
5754:
5684:
5659:
5649:
5629:
4941:
4871:
4846:
4782:
4660:
4547:
4480:
4311:
4182:
4177:
4134:
4078:
4048:
4013:
3956:
3821:
3677:
3658:
3639:
3620:
3542:
3518:
3487:
3380:
3311:
3299:
3247:
3132:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3047:
3004:
2949:
2849:
2719:
2660:
1933:
1690:
1620:
1595:
1585:
1565:
1385:
1272:
1203:
1165:
983:
850:
717:
707:
652:
574:
448:
433:
311:
281:
211:
201:
136:
6638:
6628:
6413:
6388:
6323:
6170:
6163:
5973:
5923:
5888:
5833:
5739:
5724:
5699:
5634:
5604:
4990:
4963:
4876:
4859:
4854:
4777:
4682:
4633:
4608:
4591:
4586:
4520:
4401:
4376:
4371:
4277:
4167:
4129:
4124:
4083:
4073:
4063:
4023:
3841:
3826:
3291:
3170:
2989:
2747:
2731:
2576:
2569:
1908:
1858:
1823:
1768:
1675:
1660:
1635:
1570:
1540:
1407:
1358:
1333:
1316:
1311:
1245:
1170:
1096:
1084:
785:
760:
712:
692:
637:
614:
564:
443:
346:
336:
326:
291:
181:
131:
121:
116:
5893:
1828:
6674:
6623:
6618:
6536:
6434:
6357:
6308:
6033:
6023:
6008:
5928:
5918:
5898:
5789:
5769:
5729:
5704:
5614:
4762:
4719:
4707:
4697:
4638:
4498:
4493:
4396:
4386:
4356:
4262:
3896:
3806:
3241:
2993:
2814:
2672:
1968:
1958:
1943:
1863:
1853:
1833:
1725:
1705:
1665:
1640:
1550:
1444:
1432:
1422:
1363:
1223:
1218:
1089:
995:
840:
745:
702:
682:
677:
667:
662:
584:
379:
6653:
6531:
6403:
6234:
6207:
6202:
6175:
6131:
5948:
5883:
5734:
5709:
5674:
5624:
5564:
4931:
4836:
4792:
4702:
4603:
4564:
4554:
4114:
4058:
4038:
3876:
3831:
3786:
3781:
3146:
3108:
3080:
2977:
2945:
2926:
2794:
2778:
2723:
2640:
2613:
2608:
2581:
2537:
1883:
1818:
1670:
1645:
1610:
1560:
1500:
1427:
1328:
1289:
1279:
1153:
1121:
948:
933:
903:
825:
321:
166:
156:
86:
71:
66:
5938:
5759:
3295:
1873:
1695:
687:
6719:
6648:
6408:
6393:
6378:
6363:
6289:
6190:
5983:
5943:
5873:
5843:
5809:
5804:
5784:
5664:
5589:
5362:
4883:
4787:
4755:
4712:
4575:
4346:
4221:
4139:
4043:
3911:
3881:
3851:
3517:
Fujii, George (2013). "Liberalism". Encyclopedia of the Cold War. Routledge.
3303:
3191:
3165:
2861:
2841:
2826:
2810:
2774:
2766:
2727:
2596:
1918:
1878:
1808:
1778:
1745:
1740:
1720:
1600:
1525:
1437:
1300:
1116:
938:
810:
770:
642:
306:
206:
186:
3538:
Politics and
Culture in Victorian Britain: Essays in Memory of Colin Matthew
2754:
in the 20th century. Historically, economic liberalism arose in response to
6658:
6597:
6373:
6318:
6224:
6028:
6003:
5933:
5779:
5609:
5599:
5230:
4799:
4613:
4292:
4246:
4226:
4157:
4018:
3966:
3801:
3445:
3057:
2912:
2869:
2845:
2818:
2759:
2751:
2630:
1963:
1938:
1868:
1715:
1545:
1535:
1338:
860:
800:
727:
511:
286:
196:
5198:
3103:
and private property that is supportive of government activity to promote
3040:
3000:(1834), but criticized by British politicians opposing free trade such as
6490:
6459:
6454:
6348:
6013:
5814:
5799:
5774:
5569:
5554:
4864:
4804:
4672:
4525:
4475:
4411:
4196:
4119:
4109:
3936:
3886:
3836:
2965:
2953:
1948:
1750:
1735:
1710:
1505:
1490:
1397:
1250:
1198:
943:
845:
765:
521:
216:
171:
141:
96:
2929:, although it did not necessarily oppose the state's provision of basic
2765:
Economic liberalism is associated with markets and private ownership of
2667:
6566:
6449:
6353:
6180:
6146:
6141:
5794:
5584:
5559:
4677:
4530:
4510:
4453:
4231:
4206:
4144:
3931:
3752:
3067:
2934:
2916:
2904:
2892:
2798:
2782:
2743:
2739:
2586:
2552:
2547:
2217:
1730:
1520:
1495:
1402:
1255:
1235:
1046:
923:
632:
453:
384:
42:
6495:
6303:
5719:
4888:
4406:
4336:
4306:
4236:
3981:
3926:
3901:
3866:
3126:
3008:
2980:
had liberal free trade policies by the 18th century, with origins in
2908:
2853:
2755:
2655:
2453:
1655:
1175:
963:
953:
898:
722:
657:
501:
249:
56:
6551:
6418:
6185:
6158:
5574:
5367:
5235:
4767:
4628:
3483:
Freedom from Want: American
Liberalism and the Idea of the Consumer
3185:
2938:
2591:
2564:
2468:
2259:
1510:
1353:
790:
697:
151:
61:
5764:
4581:
4515:
4287:
4149:
3698:
2969:
2822:
1700:
1306:
1240:
978:
91:
6258:
3032:. To the vast majority of American classical liberals, however,
2925:(1776), which advocated minimal interference of government in a
2789:, but tend to support government intervention where it protects
5399:
4645:
3941:
3710:
3140:
1370:
990:
3590:
3588:
3019:
2922:
An
Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
4421:
3721:
3534:
176:
3014:
2888:
3585:
3327:"Milton Friedman on the Real World Effects of Labor Unions"
3278:
Simmons, Beth A.; Dobbin, Frank; Garrett, Geoffrey (2006).
3575:
3573:
3280:"Introduction: The International Diffusion of Liberalism"
2793:, opens new markets or funds market growth, and resolves
3058:
Economic liberalism and fiscal liberalism (conservatism)
2856:. As such, economic liberalism today is associated with
3570:
3558:
3041:
Limits of influence and influence on other perspectives
3216:
3214:
3674:
Neo-Liberal
Ideology: History, Concepts and Policies
3277:
3122:
3073:
6060:
Alliance of
Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
3417:
3357:
Edgework: Critical Essays on
Knowledge And Politics
1999:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
3612:
3377:Resilient Liberalism in Europe's Political Economy
3211:
6717:
3451:Economics and World History: Myths and Paradoxes
3414:. Dural, Australia: Rosenberg Publishing. p. 75.
3375:. In Thatcher, Mark; Schmidt, Vivien A. (eds.).
3907:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
3636:Introduction to International Political Economy
3379:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 53–77.
3243:International Political Economy: Sixth Edition
2895:was an early advocate for economic liberalism.
6274:
6085:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
6055:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
4437:
3737:
3633:
3594:
3486:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 2.
2844:because of its support for free trade and an
2692:
2024:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
1994:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
1015:
3444:
3099:is a largely free-market economy based on a
2852:and non-capitalist economic orders, such as
6562:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
3634:Balaam, David N; Dillman, Bradford (2015).
3535:Peter Ghosh, Lawrence Goldman, ed. (2006).
3020:Contrast between British and American views
2883:
2840:Economic liberalism can be contrasted with
6281:
6267:
4444:
4430:
3744:
3730:
3024:Historian Kathleen G. Donohue argues that
2699:
2685:
1022:
1008:
6090:International Federation of Liberal Youth
3359:. Princeton University Press. p. 39.
3324:
3026:classical liberalism in the United States
3015:Contrast with other economic philosophies
2801:. Economic liberals commonly adhere to a
2029:International Federation of Liberal Youth
3373:"Neo-Liberalism and Fiscal Conservatism"
2887:
6070:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
3479:
2941:form the basis of economic liberalism.
2009:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
14:
6718:
6517:Association of Southeast Asian Nations
3671:
3652:
3579:
3564:
3423:
3370:
3239:
6262:
4425:
3725:
3610:
3354:
3220:
2959:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
6557:North American Free Trade Agreement
6110:Liberal South East European Network
3198:Libertarianism in the United States
2982:capitulations of the Ottoman Empire
2769:. Economic liberals tend to oppose
2049:Liberal South East European Network
24:
6700:Criticism of intellectual property
6522:Bank for International Settlements
3115:that result from market outcomes.
25:
6782:
6288:
6100:Liberal Network for Latin America
3691:
3271:
3246:. Routledge. pp. 25, 34–35.
3226:
3156:Conservatism in the United States
3074:Position on state interventionism
2039:Liberal Network for Latin America
1472:(contributions to liberal theory)
3709:
3697:
3458:. pp. 31–32. Archived from
3139:
3125:
2666:
2654:
1053:
989:
977:
3655:Classical Liberalism – A Primer
3619:. Manchester University Press.
3604:
3528:
3511:
3500:from the original on 2021-02-01
3473:
3438:
3393:from the original on 2021-07-26
3337:from the original on 2020-11-25
3260:from the original on 2021-07-21
2988:in 1673, in 1740 which lowered
2848:, and is considered opposed to
27:Political and economic ideology
4688:Separation of church and state
4451:
3751:
3676:. Edinburgh University Press.
3429:
3404:
3364:
3348:
3318:
1413:Separation of church and state
13:
1:
4273:Critique of political economy
3480:Donohue, Kathleen G. (2005).
3325:Boudreaux, Don (2015-03-31).
3204:
781:Critique of political economy
439:Critique of political economy
6542:Greater Arab Free Trade Area
3857:History of capitalist theory
2809:that advocates a restrained
831:Periodizations of capitalism
7:
6547:International Monetary Fund
3456:University of Chicago Press
3435:Walford v Miles 2 A.C. 128
3118:
2915:. It was first analyzed by
2837:are also common positions.
527:Simple commodity production
10:
6787:
6399:Public–private partnership
3672:Turner, Rachel S. (2008).
3541:. OUP Oxford. p. 56.
3284:International Organization
2835:opposition to trade unions
836:Perspectives on capitalism
6667:
6611:
6585:
6509:
6478:
6427:
6344:Foreign direct investment
6296:
6245:
6230:Sexually liberal feminism
6137:Bias in American academia
6117:
6075:European Democratic Party
6043:
5825:
5545:
5513:
5465:
5378:
5129:
5053:
5012:
5003:
4910:Constitutional patriotism
4897:
4845:
4817:
4737:
4730:
4461:
4300:
4254:
4217:Labour market flexibility
4190:
4101:
3950:
3892:Multinational corporation
3769:
3759:
3595:Balaam & Dillman 2015
3296:10.1017/S0020818306060267
2831:labour market flexibility
2636:Sexually liberal feminism
2543:Bias in American academia
2014:European Democratic Party
1470:List of liberal theorists
6756:Ideologies of capitalism
6690:Authoritarian capitalism
6577:World Trade Organization
6334:Economic interdependence
4570:Labor theory of property
3615:Political Ideology Today
3161:Constitutional economics
2884:Origin and early history
1295:Labor theory of property
107:Economic interventionism
6736:Conservative liberalism
6695:Criticism of capitalism
6339:Economic liberalization
6065:Arab Liberal Federation
4947:Neoclassical liberalism
4471:Consent of the governed
4362:Individualist anarchism
3653:Butler, Eamonn (2015).
3371:Gamble, Andrew (2013).
3240:Oatley, Thomas (2019).
3176:Economic liberalization
3083:and various schools of
2771:government intervention
2004:Arab Liberal Federation
1194:Consent of the governed
776:Criticism of capitalism
6741:Economic globalization
6080:European Liberal Youth
6050:Africa Liberal Network
4489:Economic globalization
4327:Collectivist anarchism
4242:Social venture capital
4212:Freedom of association
3702:Quotations related to
3181:Economic progressivism
2998:Dictionary of Commerce
2896:
2868:, and some schools of
2019:European Liberal Youth
1989:Africa Liberal Network
1214:Economic globalization
806:Exploitation of labour
517:Primitive accumulation
6705:Market fundamentalism
6527:European Central Bank
6384:Mundell–Fleming model
6369:Intellectual property
6127:Anti-authoritarianism
6095:Liberal International
4392:Post-scarcity economy
4367:Libertarian socialism
4352:Free-market socialism
4283:Market fundamentalism
4268:Capitalist propaganda
3862:Industrial Revolution
3777:Anarchy of production
3657:. Do Sustainability.
3355:Brown, Wendy (2005).
3097:social market economy
2899:Developed during the
2891:
2661:Liberalism portal
2533:Anti-authoritarianism
2034:Liberal International
984:Capitalism portal
796:Culture of capitalism
751:Capitalist propaganda
507:Industrial Revolution
497:Commercial Revolution
6771:Political ideologies
6731:Classical liberalism
6593:Mont Pelerin Society
6572:World Economic Forum
6329:Economic integration
4957:Right-libertarianism
4827:Liberal conservatism
4693:Separation of powers
3847:Financial Revolution
3812:Economic development
3718:at Wikimedia Commons
3410:Aaron, Eric (2003).
3111:programs to address
2901:Age of Enlightenment
2874:liberal conservatism
2866:right-libertarianism
2858:classical liberalism
1465:Age of Enlightenment
1418:Separation of powers
959:Right-libertarianism
889:Classical liberalism
856:Venture philanthropy
492:Capitalism and Islam
487:Age of Enlightenment
82:Capital accumulation
6746:Economic ideologies
6726:Economic liberalism
6685:Alter-globalization
6486:Fiscal conservatism
4952:Paleolibertarianism
4937:Left-libertarianism
4651:Civil and political
4624:Popular sovereignty
4485:Economic liberalism
4322:Anarcho-syndicalism
4317:Anarcho-primitivism
4202:Economic inequality
3817:Economic liberalism
3716:Economic liberalism
3704:Economic liberalism
3611:Adams, Ian (2001).
3113:social inequalities
3064:fiscal conservatism
2878:fiscal conservatism
2807:economic philosophy
2736:means of production
2712:Economic liberalism
2673:Politics portal
1376:Civil and political
1349:Popular sovereignty
1209:Economic liberalism
996:Business portal
112:Economic liberalism
102:Competitive markets
18:Economic Liberalism
6680:Anti-globalization
5104:Centrist reformist
4619:Permissive society
4599:Limited government
4342:Economic democracy
4163:Private foundation
3052:division of labour
2968:and the rights of
2960:Initial opposition
2903:, particularly by
2897:
1344:Permissive society
1324:Limited government
756:Capitalist realism
147:Goods and services
127:Fictitious capital
6713:
6712:
6644:Margaret Thatcher
6634:James M. Buchanan
6314:Denationalization
6256:
6255:
6249:Liberalism Portal
6142:Bias in the media
5541:
5540:
5380:Latin America and
4999:
4998:
4942:Geolibertarianism
4872:Liberal socialism
4783:Civic nationalism
4656:Natural and legal
4419:
4418:
4312:Anarcho-communism
4183:Spontaneous order
4178:Social alienation
4135:Economic mobility
3822:Economic planning
3714:Media related to
3582:, pp. 83–84.
3567:, pp. 60–61.
3133:Liberalism portal
3101:free price system
3093:economic planning
3089:public enterprise
3085:social liberalism
3048:social liberalism
3005:Benjamin Disraeli
2950:spontaneous order
2850:planned economies
2781:when it inhibits
2720:economic ideology
2709:
2708:
2548:Bias in the media
2064:Regional variants
1381:Natural and legal
1032:
1031:
851:Spontaneous order
821:History of theory
464:New institutional
434:Market monetarism
369:Economic theories
202:Supply and demand
137:Free price system
16:(Redirected from
6778:
6639:Augusto Pinochet
6629:Ludwig von Mises
6414:Supranationalism
6389:Private property
6324:Economic freedom
6283:
6276:
6269:
6260:
6259:
6171:Economic freedom
6164:Radical centrism
5010:
5009:
4964:Radical centrism
4877:Social democracy
4860:Liberal feminism
4735:
4734:
4683:Secular humanism
4609:Natural monopoly
4560:Internationalism
4456:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4423:
4422:
4402:Social anarchism
4377:Market socialism
4372:Market anarchism
4278:Critique of work
4168:Private property
4130:Economic freedom
4125:Decentralization
4103:Cultural aspects
4064:Regulated market
3842:Financial crisis
3827:Entrepreneurship
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3171:Economic freedom
3149:
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3129:
2748:Great Depression
2732:private property
2722:that supports a
2701:
2694:
2687:
2671:
2670:
2659:
2658:
2577:Economic freedom
2570:Radical centrism
1408:Secular humanism
1334:Natural monopoly
1285:Internationalism
1102:Internationalist
1057:
1034:
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1024:
1017:
1010:
994:
993:
982:
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786:Critique of work
761:Capitalist state
444:Critique of work
327:Regulated market
229:Economic systems
182:Private property
132:Financial market
122:Entrepreneurship
117:Economic surplus
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6709:
6675:Anti-capitalism
6663:
6624:Friedrich Hayek
6619:Milton Friedman
6607:
6581:
6537:Federal Reserve
6505:
6474:
6435:Austrian School
6423:
6404:School vouchers
6309:Balanced budget
6292:
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6105:Liberal parties
6039:
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4763:Equity feminism
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4720:State of nature
4708:Social services
4698:Social contract
4661:To own property
4457:
4452:
4450:
4420:
4415:
4397:Sharing economy
4387:Post-capitalism
4357:Green anarchism
4296:
4263:Anti-capitalism
4250:
4186:
4097:
4089:State-sponsored
3946:
3922:Property rights
3897:Nationalization
3807:Economic bubble
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3107:in markets and
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2994:J. R. McCulloch
2962:
2886:
2815:balanced budget
2795:market failures
2791:property rights
2705:
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2528:
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2322:North Macedonia
2066:
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2044:Liberal parties
1982:
1974:
1973:
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1445:State of nature
1433:Social services
1423:Social contract
1386:To own property
1189:
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988:
976:
969:
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841:Post-capitalism
746:Anti-capitalism
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732:
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352:State-sponsored
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87:Capital markets
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6682:
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6669:
6668:Related topics
6665:
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6654:Alan Greenspan
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6235:Utilitarianism
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6208:Libertarianism
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6203:Land value tax
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6176:Egalitarianism
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6132:Anti-communism
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6118:Related topics
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4810:Encyclopaedist
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4703:Social justice
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4663:
4658:
4653:
4643:
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4606:
4604:Market economy
4601:
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4572:
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4565:Invisible hand
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4555:Harm principle
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4191:Social aspects
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4115:American Dream
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3692:External links
3690:
3689:
3688:
3683:978-0748688685
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3664:978-0255367080
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3645:978-1317347309
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3626:978-0719060205
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3606:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3584:
3569:
3557:
3548:978-0191514449
3547:
3527:
3523:978-1135923112
3510:
3493:978-0801883910
3492:
3472:
3437:
3428:
3416:
3403:
3386:978-1107041530
3385:
3363:
3347:
3317:
3290:(4): 781–810.
3270:
3253:978-1351034647
3252:
3225:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3147:Economy portal
3136:
3120:
3117:
3109:social welfare
3081:Ordoliberalism
3075:
3072:
3059:
3056:
3042:
3039:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3002:Prime Minister
2978:Ottoman Empire
2961:
2958:
2946:invisible hand
2927:market economy
2885:
2882:
2779:market economy
2767:capital assets
2724:market economy
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2663:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:Utilitarianism
2638:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2614:Libertarianism
2611:
2609:Land value tax
2606:
2605:
2604:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2582:Egalitarianism
2579:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2538:Anti-communism
2535:
2529:
2527:Related topics
2526:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2483:
2481:Arizona School
2473:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2449:United Kingdom
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
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2406:
2401:
2396:
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2237:
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2205:
2200:
2195:
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2185:
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2175:
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2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
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2138:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
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2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2046:
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2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
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1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
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1856:
1851:
1846:
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1623:
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1608:
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1598:
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1578:
1576:Wollstonecraft
1573:
1568:
1563:
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1553:
1548:
1543:
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1528:
1523:
1518:
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1467:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1448:
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1442:
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1440:
1435:
1428:Social justice
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1329:Market economy
1326:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1290:Invisible hand
1287:
1282:
1280:Harm principle
1277:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
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1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
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1129:
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1043:
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1027:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
998:
986:
971:
970:
967:
966:
961:
956:
951:
949:Ordoliberalism
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
875:
872:
871:
868:
867:
864:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
826:Market economy
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
742:
740:Related topics
739:
738:
735:
734:
731:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
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650:
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640:
635:
629:
626:
625:
622:
621:
618:
617:
612:
610:State monopoly
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
530:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
483:
480:
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472:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
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441:
436:
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430:
429:
424:
419:
409:
404:
399:
394:
393:
392:
382:
377:
371:
368:
367:
364:
363:
360:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
231:
228:
227:
224:
223:
220:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
167:Liberalization
164:
159:
157:Invisible hand
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
72:Businessperson
69:
67:Business cycle
64:
59:
53:
50:
49:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6783:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6766:Neoliberalism
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6666:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6649:Ronald Reagan
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6610:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6586:Organizations
6584:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
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6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6508:
6502:
6501:New Democrats
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6477:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6426:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6409:Single market
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6394:Privatization
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6379:Marketization
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6364:Globalization
6362:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6295:
6291:
6290:Neoliberalism
6284:
6279:
6277:
6272:
6270:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6250:
6247:
6244:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6191:Individualism
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6160:
6157:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6044:Organisations
6042:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
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5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
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5947:
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5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5534:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5478:United States
5476:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:North America
5464:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5382:the Caribbean
5377:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
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5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
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5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5052:
5046:
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5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4927:International
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4884:Progressivism
4882:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4778:Anti-clerical
4776:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4729:
4721:
4718:
4714:
4713:Welfare state
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4576:Laissez-faire
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
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4509:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4447:
4442:
4440:
4435:
4433:
4428:
4427:
4424:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4347:Eco-socialism
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4222:Labour supply
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4140:Individualism
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3998:Laissez-faire
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3962:Authoritarian
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3912:Privatization
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3882:Merchantilism
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3852:Globalization
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3735:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3685:
3679:
3675:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:. Routledge.
3637:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3617:
3616:
3609:
3608:
3597:, p. 48.
3596:
3591:
3589:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3566:
3561:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3531:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3476:
3462:on 2017-10-12
3461:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3441:
3432:
3426:, p. 10.
3425:
3420:
3413:
3412:What's Right?
3407:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3358:
3351:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3223:, p. 20.
3222:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3192:Laissez-faire
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:Doux commerce
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3137:
3134:
3128:
3123:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3038:
3035:
3034:laissez-faire
3031:
3030:laissez-faire
3027:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2986:capitulations
2983:
2979:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2894:
2890:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2862:neoliberalism
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2842:protectionism
2838:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2827:privatization
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2811:fiscal policy
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2775:protectionism
2772:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2746:up until the
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2728:individualism
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2597:Individualism
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2476:United States
2474:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:Latin America
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1981:Organizations
1978:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1438:Welfare state
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1301:Laissez-faire
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
985:
980:
975:
974:
973:
972:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
939:Neoliberalism
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
884:Authoritarian
882:
880:
877:
876:
870:
869:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
811:Globalization
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
771:Crisis theory
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
737:
736:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
627:Intellectuals
624:
623:
616:
615:Technological
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
536:
535:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
478:
477:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
413:
410:
408:
407:Institutional
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
391:
388:
387:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
372:
366:
365:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
267:
266:Laissez-faire
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
240:Authoritarian
238:
236:
233:
232:
226:
225:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
207:Surplus value
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
187:Privatization
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
63:
60:
58:
55:
54:
48:
47:
44:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
6659:Bill Clinton
6598:Chicago boys
6465:Trickle-down
6445:Neoclassical
6374:Laffer curve
6349:Free markets
6319:Deregulation
6225:Pirate Party
5954:Lloyd George
5546:Philosophers
5488:Jeffersonian
5231:Berlusconism
5097:
5035:South Africa
4819:Conservative
4805:Physiocratic
4745:
4666:To bear arms
4614:Open society
4574:
4293:Wage slavery
4247:Unemployment
4227:Productivity
4158:Philanthropy
4019:Mercantilist
4003:
3996:
3967:Conservative
3816:
3802:Deregulation
3763:perspectives
3761:Aspects and
3706:at Wikiquote
3673:
3654:
3635:
3614:
3605:Bibliography
3560:
3552:
3537:
3530:
3513:
3502:. Retrieved
3482:
3475:
3464:. Retrieved
3460:the original
3450:
3446:Paul Bairoch
3440:
3431:
3419:
3411:
3406:
3395:. Retrieved
3376:
3366:
3356:
3350:
3339:. Retrieved
3330:
3320:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3262:. Retrieved
3242:
3190:
3077:
3061:
3044:
3033:
3029:
3023:
2997:
2975:
2963:
2943:
2931:public goods
2920:
2913:mercantilism
2898:
2870:conservatism
2846:open economy
2839:
2819:deregulation
2764:
2760:mercantilism
2752:Keynesianism
2750:and rise of
2711:
2710:
2631:Pirate Party
2491:Jeffersonian
2399:South Africa
1889:Lloyd George
1484:Philosophers
1391:To bear arms
1339:Open society
1299:
1208:
1075:Conservative
861:Wage slavery
801:Evergreening
512:Mercantilism
459:Neoclassical
287:Mercantilist
264:
197:Rent seeking
162:Visible hand
111:
6751:Free market
6491:Thatcherism
6470:Supply-side
6460:Rogernomics
6455:Reaganomics
6024:Verhofstadt
6019:Balcerowicz
5826:Politicians
5755:Collingwood
5695:Tocqueville
5570:Montesquieu
5533:New Zealand
5503:Progressive
5493:Libertarian
5348:Libertarian
5343:Gladstonian
5323:Switzerland
5273:Netherlands
5174:Czech lands
5116:Philippines
5109:Progressive
5091:South Korea
4865:Ecofeminism
4793:Utilitarian
4673:Rule of law
4476:Due process
4412:Syndicalism
4332:Communalism
4197:Corporatism
4173:Rule of law
4120:Consumerism
4110:Advertising
4009:Libertarian
3987:Free-market
3957:Anglo-Saxon
3937:Wage labour
3887:Meritocracy
3837:Externality
3792:Competition
3580:Turner 2008
3565:Turner 2008
3424:Butler 2015
3105:competition
2966:aristocracy
2954:Lord Ackner
2787:competition
2459:Gladstonian
2419:Switzerland
2404:South Korea
2347:Philippines
2307:New Zealand
2302:Netherlands
1959:Verhofstadt
1954:Balcerowicz
1763:Politicians
1691:Collingwood
1631:Tocqueville
1506:Montesquieu
1398:Rule of law
1199:Due process
944:Objectivism
929:Libertarian
846:Speculation
766:Consumerism
600:Progressive
539:Development
522:Physiocracy
469:Supply-side
277:Libertarian
255:Free-market
235:Anglo-Saxon
217:Wage labour
172:Marginalism
142:Free market
97:Corporation
6761:Liberalism
6720:Categories
6567:World Bank
6510:Governance
6450:Monetarism
6354:Free trade
6181:Empiricism
6152:Democratic
6147:Capitalism
5483:Jacksonian
5353:Manchester
5268:Montenegro
5253:Luxembourg
4788:Republican
4678:Secularism
4511:Federalism
4454:Liberalism
4301:Antithesis
4232:Prosperity
4207:Employment
4154:Mainstream
4145:Liberalism
4069:Regulatory
4044:Neoliberal
3992:Humanistic
3977:Democratic
3932:Regulation
3797:Depression
3753:Capitalism
3504:2016-12-03
3466:2017-08-16
3397:2021-07-26
3341:2020-10-13
3331:Cafe Hayek
3264:2021-07-21
3221:Adams 2001
3205:References
3068:free trade
2935:capitalist
2917:Adam Smith
2905:Adam Smith
2893:Adam Smith
2799:capitalism
2783:free trade
2744:liberalism
2740:Adam Smith
2587:Empiricism
2558:Democratic
2553:Capitalism
2464:Manchester
2297:Montenegro
2282:Luxembourg
2218:Venizelism
2148:Costa Rica
1403:Secularism
1236:Federalism
1188:Principles
1047:Liberalism
924:Liberalism
909:Humanistic
894:Democratic
873:Ideologies
708:Schumpeter
454:Monetarist
385:Chartalism
332:Regulatory
307:Neoliberal
260:Humanistic
43:Capitalism
6603:Third Way
6496:Third Way
6479:Movements
6428:Economics
6304:Austerity
6196:Anarchist
5994:Roosevelt
5964:StĂĄhlberg
5959:Venizelos
5914:Sarmiento
5904:Gladstone
5864:Lamartine
5834:Jefferson
5685:Martineau
5635:De Gouges
5620:Condorcet
5605:Priestley
5521:Australia
5437:Nicaragua
5258:Macedonia
5248:Lithuania
5199:Orléanist
5066:Hong Kong
5005:By region
4974:Christian
4969:Religious
4922:Corporate
4889:Third Way
4739:Classical
4481:Democracy
4407:Socialism
4382:Mutualism
4337:Communism
4307:Anarchism
4256:Criticism
4237:Syndicate
3972:Corporate
3927:Recession
3902:Oligopoly
3867:Invention
3312:146351369
3304:1531-5088
3009:Corn Laws
2939:contracts
2909:feudalism
2854:socialism
2803:political
2756:feudalism
2726:based on
2716:political
2602:Anarchist
2510:Venezuela
2486:Classical
2454:Cobdenism
2357:Cracovian
2312:Nicaragua
2277:Lithuania
2136:Hong Kong
2091:Australia
1929:Roosevelt
1899:StĂĄhlberg
1894:Venizelos
1849:Sarmiento
1839:Gladstone
1799:Lamartine
1769:Jefferson
1621:Martineau
1571:De Gouges
1556:Condorcet
1541:Priestley
1204:Democracy
1176:Third Way
1137:Christian
1132:Religious
1070:Classical
964:Third Way
954:Privatism
914:Inclusive
899:Dirigisme
693:von Mises
580:Illiberal
560:Corporate
555:Community
502:Feudalism
412:Keynesian
402:Classical
245:Corporate
57:Austerity
6552:MERCOSUR
6419:Tax cuts
6186:Humanism
6159:Centrism
5974:Rathenau
5949:Milyukov
5869:Macaulay
5839:Kołłątaj
5810:Kymlicka
5790:Friedman
5735:Cassirer
5725:Hobhouse
5660:Constant
5655:Humboldt
5615:Beccaria
5580:Rousseau
5575:Voltaire
5447:Paraguay
5427:Honduras
5412:Colombia
5368:Whiggist
5358:Muscular
5308:Slovenia
5303:Slovakia
5283:Portugal
5236:Liberism
5159:Bulgaria
5098:Chinilpa
5045:Zimbabwe
4917:Cultural
4832:National
4768:Georgist
4746:Economic
4629:Property
4592:Positive
4587:Negative
4543:Religion
4521:Economic
4494:Equality
4034:National
4029:Monopoly
3982:Dirigist
3951:Ideology
3498:Archived
3448:(1995).
3391:Archived
3335:Archived
3258:Archived
3186:Georgism
3119:See also
2970:monarchs
2823:tax cuts
2592:Humanism
2565:Centrism
2515:Zimbabwe
2469:Whiggism
2429:Thailand
2394:Slovenia
2389:Slovakia
2364:Portugal
2337:Paraguay
2260:Liberism
2225:Honduras
2143:Colombia
2116:Bulgaria
1909:Rathenau
1884:Milyukov
1804:Macaulay
1774:Kołłątaj
1746:Kymlicka
1726:Friedman
1671:Cassirer
1661:Hobhouse
1596:Constant
1591:Humboldt
1551:Beccaria
1516:Rousseau
1511:Voltaire
1354:Property
1317:Positive
1312:Negative
1268:Religion
1246:Economic
1219:Equality
1142:Catholic
1112:National
1107:Muscular
1085:Feminist
1080:Cultural
1039:a series
1037:Part of
791:Cronyism
703:Rothbard
678:Marshall
663:Friedman
595:Merchant
550:Consumer
545:Advanced
380:Austrian
375:American
302:National
297:Monopoly
250:Dirigist
152:Investor
62:Business
51:Concepts
35:a series
33:Part of
6014:Jenkins
6009:Kennedy
5999:Pearson
5984:Einaudi
5969:Gokhale
5929:Itagaki
5924:Naoroji
5919:Mommsen
5899:Lincoln
5889:Mazzini
5874:Kossuth
5859:Broglie
5854:BolĂvar
5849:Artigas
5844:Madison
5705:Spencer
5690:Emerson
5680:Bastiat
5665:Ricardo
5625:Bentham
5565:Spinoza
5526:Small-l
5514:Oceania
5457:Uruguay
5422:Ecuador
5390:Bolivia
5363:Radical
5333:Ukraine
5288:Romania
5263:Moldova
5221:Hungary
5211:Germany
5206:Georgia
5189:Finland
5184:Estonia
5179:Denmark
5164:Croatia
5154:Belgium
5149:Austria
5144:Armenia
5139:Albania
5040:Tunisia
5030:Senegal
5025:Nigeria
4986:Secular
4979:Islamic
4773:Radical
4731:Schools
4634:Private
4582:Liberty
4516:Freedom
4288:Marxism
4150:Liberty
4094:Welfare
4054:Private
4004:Liberal
3770:General
2996:in his
2777:in the
2734:in the
2505:Uruguay
2444:Ukraine
2434:Tunisia
2379:Senegal
2369:Romania
2317:Nigeria
2292:Moldova
2235:Iceland
2230:Hungary
2208:Germany
2203:Georgia
2193:Finland
2188:Estonia
2178:Ecuador
2173:Denmark
2168:Czechia
2153:Croatia
2106:Bolivia
2101:Belgium
2096:Austria
2086:Armenia
2081:Albania
1949:Jenkins
1944:Kennedy
1934:Pearson
1919:Einaudi
1904:Gokhale
1864:Itagaki
1859:Naoroji
1854:Mommsen
1834:Lincoln
1824:Mazzini
1809:Kossuth
1794:Broglie
1789:BolĂvar
1784:Artigas
1779:Madison
1641:Spencer
1626:Emerson
1616:Bastiat
1601:Ricardo
1561:Bentham
1501:Spinoza
1458:History
1359:Private
1307:Liberty
1241:Freedom
1161:Secular
1149:Islamic
1127:Radical
1064:Schools
919:Liberal
879:Anarcho
816:History
648:Malthus
643:Ricardo
605:Rentier
590:Marxist
570:Finance
481:Origins
449:Marxist
397:Chicago
357:Welfare
317:Private
272:Liberal
92:Company
77:Capital
6612:People
6034:Macron
5979:Madero
5944:Deakin
5934:Levski
5909:Cavour
5894:Juárez
5884:Cobden
5815:Badawi
5805:Nozick
5785:Berlin
5775:Popper
5750:Keynes
5745:Ortega
5710:Arnold
5670:Guizot
5630:Korais
5595:Turgot
5555:Milton
5498:Modern
5473:Canada
5442:Panama
5432:Mexico
5400:Lulism
5395:Brazil
5328:Turkey
5318:Sweden
5298:Serbia
5293:Russia
5278:Norway
5243:Latvia
5216:Greece
5194:France
5169:Cyprus
5131:Europe
5121:Turkey
5081:Israel
5013:Africa
4991:Techno
4847:Social
4751:Fiscal
4646:Rights
4639:Public
4548:Speech
4526:Market
4499:Gender
4079:Social
4049:Nordic
4014:Market
3942:Wealth
3917:Profit
3680:
3661:
3642:
3623:
3545:
3521:
3490:
3383:
3310:
3302:
3250:
2990:duties
2833:, and
2813:and a
2498:Modern
2439:Turkey
2424:Taiwan
2414:Sweden
2384:Serbia
2374:Russia
2352:Poland
2332:Panama
2327:Norway
2287:Mexico
2272:Latvia
2250:Israel
2213:Greece
2198:France
2163:Cyprus
2121:Canada
2111:Brazil
2071:Europe
1969:Macron
1914:Madero
1879:Deakin
1869:Levski
1844:Cavour
1829:Juárez
1819:Cobden
1751:Badawi
1741:Nozick
1721:Berlin
1711:Popper
1686:Keynes
1681:Ortega
1646:Arnold
1606:Guizot
1566:Korais
1531:Turgot
1491:Milton
1371:Rights
1364:Public
1273:Speech
1251:Market
1224:Gender
1171:Techno
1166:Social
1154:Jewish
1090:Equity
718:Weaver
713:Veblen
688:Walras
683:Pareto
673:Keynes
575:Global
342:Social
312:Nordic
282:Market
192:Profit
6297:Ideas
6218:Right
6029:Obama
6004:Ohlin
5939:Kemal
5795:Rawls
5770:Hayek
5760:ÄŚapek
5740:Mises
5730:Croce
5720:Weber
5715:Acton
5645:Staël
5610:Paine
5600:Burke
5585:Smith
5560:Locke
5407:Chile
5313:Spain
5226:Italy
5096:Anti-
5086:Japan
5071:India
5061:China
5020:Egypt
4898:Other
4855:Green
4538:Press
4531:Trade
4504:Legal
4462:Ideas
4084:State
4074:Rhine
4024:Mixed
3308:S2CID
2872:like
2714:is a
2624:Right
2409:Spain
2267:Japan
2255:Italy
2240:India
2183:Egypt
2131:China
2126:Chile
1964:Obama
1939:Ohlin
1874:Kemal
1731:Rawls
1706:Hayek
1696:ÄŚapek
1676:Mises
1666:Croce
1656:Weber
1651:Acton
1581:Staël
1546:Paine
1536:Burke
1521:Smith
1496:Locke
1263:Press
1256:Trade
1229:Legal
1097:Green
728:Coase
723:Weber
668:Hayek
633:Smith
565:Crony
427:Post-
347:State
337:Rhine
292:Mixed
212:Value
177:Money
6358:area
6213:Left
5989:King
5879:Deák
5780:Aron
5700:Mill
5675:List
5590:Kant
5452:Peru
5417:Cuba
5076:Iran
5054:Asia
4837:Ordo
4800:Whig
3678:ISBN
3659:ISBN
3640:ISBN
3621:ISBN
3543:ISBN
3519:ISBN
3488:ISBN
3381:ISBN
3300:ISSN
3248:ISBN
3095:. A
3091:and
2976:The
2911:and
2876:and
2805:and
2785:and
2773:and
2758:and
2730:and
2718:and
2619:Left
2342:Peru
2245:Iran
2158:Cuba
1924:King
1814:Deák
1716:Aron
1636:Mill
1611:List
1526:Kant
1122:Ordo
698:Rand
658:Marx
638:Mill
585:Late
417:Neo-
5800:Sen
5650:Say
4756:Neo
4059:Raw
4039:Neo
3292:doi
2919:in
1736:Sen
1586:Say
1117:Neo
934:Neo
904:Eco
653:Say
422:New
390:MMT
322:Raw
6722::
5765:Hu
3587:^
3572:^
3551:.
3496:.
3454:.
3389:.
3333:.
3329:.
3306:.
3298:.
3288:60
3286:.
3282:.
3256:.
3228:^
3213:^
3070:.
2864:,
2860:,
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2825:,
2821:,
2762:.
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3629:.
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3361:.
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