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from the policy of simple trades unionism that is fast waning, and you will be told that your action is premature, as this is not the time. Pursue the methods adopted by capitalists and you will be sent to prison for robbery or executed for murder. Demand, and your demands will be construed into threats of violence against the rights of private property calculated to scare capital. Avail yourself of your constitutional rights and propose to take political action, and you will be charged with selling out the organization to some political party. Counsel arbitration, and you will be told that there is nothing to arbitrate. Be conservative, and your tameness will be construed as an appreciation of the conditions thrust upon you by trusts and syndicates. Take what action you will in the interests of labor, the trained beagles in the employ of capital from behind their loathsome fortress of disguised patriotism will howl their tirade of condemnation.
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part of the state….Why do you not produce some argument against it to show that it should not become a law? No, it is not necessary: you of the
Republican party have the votes to kill the bill and that is all you desire. But remember these words: the laboring men of Idaho have asked you for bread and you give them a stone: we ask you for justice and you treat us with scorn, but the day is fast approaching when your action will be condemned by every man who has one drop of manly blood in his veins.
665:, Local 1 of the WFM. In his farewell address, Boyce still remained the firebrand: "There are only two classes of people in the world. One is composed of the men and women who produce all; the other is composed of men and women who produce nothing, but live in luxury upon the wealth produced by others." Socialism, he still argued, was the only way "to abolish the wage system which is more destructive of human rights and liberty than any other slave system devised."
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342:. During that evening and into the early morning hours of July 11, armed miners surrounded the shuttered Frisco mill of the Gem mine. A firefight broke out. During the gun battle, miners dropped a barrel of gunpowder down the flume of the mill; the powderkeg exploded, destroying the mill and killing a non-union miner.
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Company in 1911, as well as in other real estate ventures in the city. He was the
Portland Hotel's vice-president from 1920-29 and its president from 1930 until his death in 1941. In 1936, Boyce was elected president of the Oregon Hotel Association. On December 31, 1923, the Hercules mine partnership
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in 1896 over a reduction in wages that had persisted since the depression of 1893. The
Coronado Mine was re-opened with armed replacement workers during the strike, and an incident on September 21 resulted in shooting and dynamite explosions. After surface buildings were burned, the Colorado governor
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There can be no harmony between organized capitalists and organized labor. Our present wage system is slavery in its worst form. … Advise strikes as the weapon to be used by labor to obtain its rights, and you will be branded as criminals who aim to ruin the business interests of the country. Change
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Committee on
Military Affairs that he was convinced Boyce had "inaugurated or perfected this conspiracy by, choosing 20 men from different organizations in that county and swearing them. These 20 men chose one each and swore him, and the 40 each chose a man and swore him, and the 80 each chose a man
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Senate bill fifty six provides for no class, no special legislation, but under its provisions those relentless persecutors, known as corporations, are prevented when they discharge an employee from following him with a blacklist and depriving him of the means of earning an honest living in another
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Random incidents of violence heightened the tension: A guard exchanged words with a miner and was whipped. Two drunk guards picked a fight with a group of miners in a local bar. Three guards armed with rifles threatened a miners' camp. Late in the evening of Sunday, July 10, the miners discovered
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While serving in the Idaho legislature, Boyce resigned as president of the Coeur d'Alene
Executive Miner's Union in 1895, and took a job as a general organizer for the WFM. In 1896, Boyce was elected president of the Western Federation of Miners. He served until 1902. James Maher was elected WFM
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I deem it important to direct your attention to
Article 2 of the Constitutional Amendments of the United States—'the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.' This you should comply with immediately. Every (local) union should have a rifle club. I strongly advise you to
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for miners, the establishment of an arbitration board to settle labor disputes, and an investigation of the 1892 mining war. He objected to appropriations for the state militia, charging that it was a tool used by the state and mine owners to suppress labor. He called for legislation to forbid
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provide every member with the latest improved rifle, which can be obtained from the factory at a nominal price. I entreat you to take action on this important question, so that in two years we can hear the inspiring music of the martial tread of 25,000 armed men in the ranks of labor.
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heard Boyce make a speech in that first year as president of the WFM, and
Haywood decided to become a union member. Haywood later became WFM secretary-treasurer, and a major figure in the American labor movement. In late 1899, Boyce established the WFM's journal, the
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The mines reopened two months early, but wages had been slashed by 15 percent. The miners struck. The owners offered to restore wages to their previous levels but refused to recognize the union, an offer Boyce and the other union leaders rejected. When three
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wrote that Boyce had been "virtually forgotten by the officials of the organization he served at a time when it required real men to speak out for labor." Eleanor Day Boyce returned to
Wallace after her husband's death, where she died on January 9, 1951.
298:. In January 1892, railroad companies serving the area increased the shipping rate of ore. The mine owners decided to close the mines for four months until a compromise with the railroads could be reached. This action threw 1,600 miners out of work.
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Although not present for its founding, Boyce attended the WFM's second convention in 1894 and was elected to its executive board. With its headquarters in Coeur d'Alene, nearly all the mines in the Idaho panhandle except for the
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Boyce was charged with conspiring to blow up the concentrator. Boyce had been in
Wardner conferring with local union officers only a week before the explosion. In 1906, former union member and Boyce business associate
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Boyce denied the charges, and no indictment was ever issued. But the influence of the
Western Federation of Miners in Idaho had nearly been destroyed, and its leaders dispersed. New headquarters were established in
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ordered U.S. troops from Montana into the area. The miners were rounded up and once again herded into a bullpen. Some of the miners were released after denying that they belonged to any subversive organization.
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Boyce declined renomination as WFM president in 1902. He had become disillusioned with mismanagement in some WFM locals. But strong opposition to his continuing presidency had emerged in the powerful
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642:, Boyce married Eleanor Day, the sister of Harry L. Day, a former bookkeeper who had become a wealthy mine owner. Day and Fred Harper, a local prospector, had discovered the
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Several union leaders, however, were arrested for violating the district court's injunction—Ed Boyce among them. Boyce and the other union officials were confined in the
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secretary-treasurer the same year. Boyce and Maher worked well together. They pumped life into the faltering federation, and the WFM began a period of rapid growth.
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ordered federal troops to back up the Idaho state troops. Martial law lasted four months. Nearly 600 miners were arrested and confined in a large outdoor prison, or
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before returning to Coeur d'Alene. He obtained work in the mines and was elected president of the Coeur d'Alene Executive Miners' Union, a post he held until 1895.
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for his role in the 1892 Coeur d'Alene miners' strike, and was blacklisted by the mine owners. After his release in 1893, Boyce prospected for a time in Montana's
559:. The mine owners' response was to fire all union members. Militant union members then blew up the Bunker Hill and Sullivan ore concentrator in the town of
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provided protection. (Idaho's state constitution contained a prohibition against the creation or use of private militia, but the law was not enforced.)
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to Leadville. Boyce was one of twenty-seven union men who were jailed, but all of the union's leaders were released for lack of evidence.
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The Populists were unable to pass the legislation they desired, and Boyce—disillusioned with the political process—quit after one term.
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platform. Boyce also urged the WFM to slowly buy up mines and mining company stock, to replace the wage system with union-owned mines.
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told a court that he knew Boyce had planned and approved the bombing of the Bunker Hill and Sullivan Mine. Governor Steunenberg told a
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in 1905, and testified on behalf of Haywood, Moyer and others at their 1907 murder trial. But Boyce gradually separated himself from
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The Coeur d'Alene miners had received financial assistance from miners' unions in Butte, who had paid legal fees for their attorney,
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in 1862 and was the youngest of four children. His father died at an early age. Boyce was educated in local schools. He emigrated to
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Peter J. Albert and Grace Palladino, eds. Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1995. Available online at
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After his retirement from the WFM, Ed Boyce attended several more WFM conventions. He supported the WFM's creation of the
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miners strike benefits, and Boyce heatedly debated the issue with Gompers. But, convinced that the conservative and
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Boyce took his first job as a construction worker for the Milwaukee Northern Railroad, an interurban line between
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Gaboury, William J. 'From Statehouse to Bull Pen: Idaho Populism and the Coeur d'Alene Troubles of the 1890s.'
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and swore him. In that way there were at least 160 men in this conspiracy to do this thing, sworn to secrecy."
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J. Robert Constantine, ed. Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1991. Available online at
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policies of the AFL were inadequate to the task of organizing workers, Boyce led the WFM out of the AFL.
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Debs Collection: Abstracts of Correspondence, Cunningham Memorial Library, Indiana State University
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were forced to join the union by a mob of miners (a fourth fled the county), the Coeur d'Alene
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Colorado's War on Militant Unionism: James H. Peabody and the Western Federation of Miners.
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William Philpott, The Lessons of Leadville, Colorado Historical Society, 1995, pp 1-4, 118.
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Big Trouble: A Murder in a Small Western Town Sets Off A Struggle for the Soul of America.
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mines in the Coeur d'Alene region. The newlyweds honeymooned at the Boyce family home in
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Boyce died on December 24, 1941. He left an estate valued at slightly over $ 1 million.
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the year he became WFM president. The affiliation lasted only until the spring of 1898.
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The Samuel Gompers Papers: An Expanding Movement at the Turn of the Century, 1898-1902.
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was dissolved and the Hercules Mining Company (now Day Mines, Inc.) incorporated in
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Heritage of Conflict: Labor Relations in the Nonferrous Metals Industry Up to 1930.
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In 1898, Boyce, a strong believer in industrial unionism, led the WFM to found the
444:. In one of the most dramatic speeches he ever made, Boyce denounced the blacklist:
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The Lessons of Leadville; or, Why the Western Federation of Miners Turned Left.
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as its official economic policy. An ardent socialist, Boyce famously declared:
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and try WFM officials. Beginning in 1900, Boyce also edited the WFM journal,
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recognized the union. Still, the WFM barely survived the next three years.
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demanded that the Bunker Hill and Sullivan Mine recognize the union
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353:. Although violence in the region had ended, Willey called out the
563:, at the time the largest ore concentrator in the world. Governor
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We Shall Be All: A History of the Industrial Workers of the World
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We Shall Be All, A History of the Industrial Workers of the World
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In 1901, Boyce successfully led a campaign to have the WFM adopt
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needed to form a united front, and the union leaders agreed. The
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cited in William J. Gaboury. "From Statehouse to Bull Pen",
696:. The Boyces donated freely to a number of local charities.
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In 1892, the 30-year-old Boyce became an active leader in a
210:(November 8, 1862 – December 24, 1941) was president of the
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Samuel Gompers Papers, University of Maryland College Park
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established in direct opposition to the craft-oriented AFL
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The Cloud City Miners' Union (CCMU), Local 33 of the WFM
502:, Boyce told his fellow union members to arm themselves:
740:, University of Illinois Press Abridged, 2000, page 38
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McBride, James D. 'The Brisbee Deportation of 1917.'
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Coeur d'Alene Mining Wars. Reference Series No. 210.
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Coeur d'Alene Mining Wars. Reference Series No. 210
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
708:. Eleanor Day Boyce was the largest stockholder.
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593:, where Idaho officials could not so easily
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800:Anthony Lukas, Big Trouble, 1997, page 211.
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1026:Denver: Colorado Historical Society, 1995.
895:Biographical Dictionary of American Labor.
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473:. The first issue came out in early 1900.
1164:American trade unionists of Irish descent
914:Dubofsky, Melvyn and McCartin, Joseph A.
286:Coeur d'Alene, Idaho labor strike of 1892
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
201:Eleanor Day Boyce (1901-1941; his death)
1109:Industrial Workers of the World members
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395:Boyce served a six-month jail term for
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345:The mine owners demanded that Governor
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766:, vol. 1, no. 30 (May 8, 1897), pg. 1.
582:United States House of Representatives
264:, where he worked at various mines in
937:Letters of Eugene V. Debs, 1874-1926.
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539:. The Western Labor Union (later the
19:For the British Olympic athlete, see
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16:Union organizer and mining executive
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854:Colorado's War on Militant Unionism
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567:declared martial law and President
392:(WFM) was formed in 1893 in Butte.
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1144:People from Shoshone County, Idaho
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1035:University of Oklahoma Press
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1017:Journal of Arizona History.
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865:cited in J. Anthony Lukas,
852:cited in George Suggs Jr.,
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232:County Donegal, Ireland
164:County Donegal, Ireland
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1029:Suggs, Jr. George S.
959:LVIII (January 1967).
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236:Boston, Massachusetts
1169:Idaho state senators
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824:Heritage of Conflict
688:and then in 1909 to
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438:yellow-dog contracts
401:Bitterroot Mountains
376:Formation of the WFM
296:Coeur d'Alene, Idaho
280:Coeur d'Alene strike
50:improve this article
1022:Philpott, William.
997:Lukas, J. Anthony.
813:, 1997, pp. 211-15.
663:Butte Miners' Union
638:On May 14, 1901 in
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537:Western Labor Union
251:Leadville, Colorado
986:Jensen, Vernon H.
973:2012-09-23 at the
605:Adopting socialism
421:Idaho state senate
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1067:Succeeded by
1019:23 (Autumn 1982).
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764:The Western Miner
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1064:1896 - 1902
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357:. President
347:N. B. Willey
344:
328:
320:Boise, Idaho
310:obtained an
304:scab workers
300:
289:
268:and also in
259:
240:
229:
214:, a radical
208:Edward Boyce
207:
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176:(1941-12-24)
112:
106:January 2017
103:
93:
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72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1129:1941 deaths
1124:1862 births
1058:President,
867:Big Trouble
811:Big Trouble
512:AFL and WLU
351:martial law
238:at age 19.
1098:Categories
1001:New York:
911:, no date.
669:Later life
370:Ada County
312:injunction
226:Early life
156:1862-11-08
76:newspapers
65:"Ed Boyce"
1053:Not known
835:cited in
725:Footnotes
611:socialism
595:extradite
486:sent the
314:from the
257:in 1884.
247:Sheboygan
243:Milwaukee
220:socialist
1037:, 1972.
1005:, 1998.
971:Archived
925:, 1988.
706:Delaware
526:Colorado
425:Populist
334:, was a
216:American
1033:Tulsa:
994:, 1950.
907:Boise:
901:, 1984.
656:Ireland
561:Wardner
363:bullpen
324:militia
90:scholar
1041:
1009:
980:
946:
929:
869:, 1998
856:, 1972
826:, 1950
648:silver
543:) was
372:Jail.
292:strike
198:Spouse
184:, U.S.
92:
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427:from
423:as a
294:near
262:Idaho
97:JSTOR
83:books
1039:ISBN
1007:ISBN
978:ISBN
944:ISBN
927:ISBN
882:1988
652:lead
650:and
386:West
245:and
171:Died
150:Born
69:news
318:at
52:by
1100::
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784:^
745:^
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