382:, eventually working as an efficiency expert for the garment manufacturers Cohen-Goldman and Fishman & Co. Between 1920 and 1925, Halpert served in several roles with S.W. Straus & Company, the bank investment firm that originated real-estate mortgage bonds. "By 25, she was one of two female business executives in the city and quite well-off." Halpert had earned a substantial salary and was appointed to the board of directors. Despite her success and high status, she quit her association with Straus at her husband's urging in 1925. This left her with more time to devote to her marriage, and gave her an opportunity to refocus her ambitions on the business of art. Upon Halpert's resignation, she and Samuel traveled to Paris, France, and stayed for nearly a year.
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took her to
Washington D.C. in the summer of 1936 to develop the Exhibition and Allocation Program, which facilitated nationwide circulation for works from regional art centers. In 1937, she formed the Bureau for Architectural Sculpture and Murals, a central clearing-house from which architects could
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in partnership with
Halpert and Goldsmith, opened in 1929 as the first folk art gallery, installing itself upstairs from the Downtown Gallery. The affinity between Halpert's artists and folk art was strong, and sales of folk art sustained the Downtown Gallery through the Depression. Regular devotees
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through the People's Art Guild, and they married the following year. The couple remained in New York City, where Samuel continued to paint while
Halpert worked to support them. In the 1920s and 1930s, marriage was still a popular goal among young women. While many young women worked, most stopped
437:
Halpert's business acumen helped her manage prices, and encourage collectors of modest means. Halpert also used marketing and advertising, and worked to get her artists included in museums and public collections to increase their exposure. After buying out
Goldsmith in 1935, Halpert winnowed her
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and, later, The
Downtown Gallery. A third space, operating behind the main gallery, opened in 1930. Called the Daylight Gallery, it emphasized art and sculpture displayed in diffuse natural light, and featured elaborate iron silhouette doors Halpert had commissioned in 1929. In a press release,
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In 1952, to promote art history, Halpert established the Edith Gregor
Halpert Foundation. Its activities included assisting universities to fund scholarships for the study of contemporary American art and championing the rights of artists to control the sale and reproduction of their work. In
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While staying in France, Halpert noticed that French artists had more opportunities to sell and display art than their
American counterparts. After returning to the U.S., Halpert decided to create a space where she could provide similar opportunities. Flush from bonuses earned in her business
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after marriage. However, Halpert continued to work to support her household while Samuel stayed home to paint. In 1925, they lived at the Maison
Watteau in Montparnasse, then Paris's liveliest artist community. The following summer, the Halperts stayed at the artist colony founded by
464:, a survey of 41 artists that was the first such exhibition in a New York gallery. Not long after, Halpert exhibited Jacob Lawrence's Migration Series, a 60-panel memorial to The Great Migration, which is now owned jointly by MOMA and Washington D.C.'s Phillips Collection.
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dealings, in the fall of 1926, Halpert used that money to open Our
Gallery in Manhattan at 113 West 13th Street with her friend Berthe Kroll Goldsmith. The gallery featured contemporary American art, often by friends of Halpert and her husband, artist
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review and select work by artists and sculptors experienced in working in architectural settings (similar in mission to her
Daylight Gallery). Halpert served as curator of the art section of the American National Exhibition, sponsored by the
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Halpert's career began early. In order to support herself and her mother (and later, her husband), Halpert took a number of jobs in rapid succession and became a highly successful businesswoman. At the age of 16, she worked at
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After 1936, all of Halpert's artists were eventually transferred, without the artists' consent to the Alan Gallery, led by Halpert's assistant director Charles Alan. The Downtown Gallery relocated one last time to the
403:. In early brochures, Halpert and Goldsmith described their mission thus: "The Downtown Gallery has no prejudice for any one school. Its selection is driven by quality â by what is enduring â not by what is in vogue."
150:. When it was founded in 1926, it was the only New York gallery dedicated exclusively to contemporary American art by living artists. Over her forty-year career, Halpert showcased such modern art luminaries as
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640:
Tepfer, Diane, "Edith Gregor Halpert and the Downtown Gallery Downtown (1926-1940); a Study in American Art Patronage", Ph.D. Dissertation, History of Art, University of Michigan, 1989.
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stable of artists down to twelve, and focused on profitability. In 1940, the gallery relocated to 43 East 51st Street and, in 1945, she moved again, this time to 32 East 51st Street.
282:. Halpert was able to attend the National Academy of Design at such a young age because she convinced her instructors that she was actually sixteen. She was also a member of the
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350:, all of whom would later join her gallery. Many of the artists in Ogunquit were interested in folk art and used it to decorate their homes and as inspiration in their work.
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262:. At the age of 14, she further Americanized her name to Edith Georgina Fein and began to pursue a career as an artist. She studied drawing under
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214:, and many others. Halpert later expanded her business to include American folk art, and certain nineteenth-century American painters, including
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445:, Halpert had access to many artists outside of New York, many of whom she exhibited. She also hosted exchange exhibitions with the
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A Catalogue of the American Folk Art Collection of Colonial Williamsburg Collected and Presented by Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
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30:
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Highly Important 19th and 20th Century American Paintings, ... from the Estate of the late Edith Gregor Halpert...Sale #3484
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included 100 pieces of Downtown Gallery-related American modern and folk art, as well as items from her personal collection.
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497:; she traveled to the Soviet Union with the exhibition, installed the show, and gave daily gallery talks in Russian.
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460:. In 1941, Halpert and "her friend Alain Locke, the writer and theorist of black culture, Halpert organized
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operator and then as an illustrator in the advertising department. She then worked in the foreign office of
828:"A Finding Aid to the Downtown Gallery Records,1824-1974, bulk 1926-1969, in the Archives of American Art"
555:, 1968. The Edith Gregor Halpert Collection was eventually sold at auction by Sotheby Parke-Bernet, 1973.
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1128:
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American Modernism: The First Wave - Painting from 1903 to 1933 / October 4 through November 10, 1963
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Citation for Distinguished Service in 1960, and the First Annual International Silver Prize from the
250:, Halpert immigrated to New York City in 1906 with her mother and sister (her father died in 1904 of
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254:). At this time the family name changed to Fivisovitch. They initially settled on the west side of
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485:
442:
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recognition of her dedication to the arts, Halpert received the Art in America Award in 1959, a
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who died in 1946. She also took on artists' estates, including one from former Stieglitz artist
167:
955:
Money of the mind : borrowing and lending in America from the Civil War to Michael Milken
234:
Halpert was born Edith Gregoryevna Fivoosiovitch to Gregor and Frances Lucom Fivoosiovitch in
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The girl with the gallery : Edith Gregor Halpert and the making of the modern art market
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847:
424:, and Halpert drew on their relationship to convince Rockefeller to provide support for the
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Samuel and Halpert divorced in 1930, just before his untimely death caused by streptococci
258:, then a predominantly Jewish immigrant neighborhood, and Halpert attended the progressive
247:
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871:
Archino, Sarah (2013-09-01). "The People's Art Guild and the Forward Exhibition of 1917".
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246:) on April 25, 1900. She had a sister, Sonia, five years older. Shortly after the deadly
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The Girl With the Gallery: Edith Gregor Halpert And the Making of the Modern Art Market
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Halpert referred to the new gallery as âa modest moment in American Art.â
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The Downtown Gallery, American Folk Art Gallery, and The Daylight Gallery
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707:"A Forgotten Pioneer's Art World Is Resurrected at the Jewish Museum"
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Halpert reading at the home of Charles Sheeler, between 1933 and 1942
1016:"Edith Halpert â Come Back, The Art World Needs You More Than Ever!"
294:, a radical artists' cooperative for which she served as treasurer.
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449:, The Downtown Gallery's similarly avant-garde Boston counterpart.
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395:. The following year 1927, the name of the gallery changed to the
123:(nÊe Edith Gregoryevna Fivoosiovitch; 1900â1970) was a pioneering
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Halpert also worked to attract artists formerly represented by
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239:
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226:, whom she considered to be precursors to American modernism.
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650:
Halpert, Edith Gregor and The Poses Institute of Fine Arts,
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Kentucky by Design: The Decorative Arts and American Culture
630:. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 2015.
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American Modernism: The First Wave, Painting from 1903-1933
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647:, Museum of Art, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 1968.
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484:, Atlantic City, New Jersey, in 1929. Her work with the
1035:"Despite Gaps, Exhibit Shows Boston's Vigor in the 40s"
957:(1st Noonday Press ed.). New York: Noonday Press.
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Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
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for "distinguished contribution to the arts" in 1968.
659:
The Edith G. Halpert Collection of American Paintings
138:. She brought recognition and market success to many
833:. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
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754:"Edith Halpert: American art's invisible visionary"
432:
475:
1080:
480:Halpert served as organizer and director of the
848:"Edith Gregor Halpert | Jewish Women's Archive"
765:
763:
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987:"Edith Halpert and the Rise of American Art"
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378:, before becoming an advertising manager at
776:(1st ed.). New York: Public Affairs.
565:Edith Halpert and the Rise of American Art
482:First Municipal Exhibition of American Art
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142:American artists. Her establishment, the
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645:Edith Halpert & The Downtown Gallery
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1065:"Jacob Lawrence: The Migration Series"
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916:Samuel Halpert: Art and Life 1884-1930
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549:Edith Halpert and the Downtown Gallery
472:Concourse at 465 Park Avenue in 1965.
297:In 1917, she met the American painter
1045:from the original on December 7, 2017
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513:Exhibitions from Halpert's collection
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673:The Downtown Gallery: American Art
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14:
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654:, Rose Art Museum, Brandeis Univ.
91:American art dealer and collector
918:. New York: Millennium Partners.
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491:United States Information Agency
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1026:
979:
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433:Fortifying The Downtown Gallery
45:Edith Gregoryevna Fivoosiovitch
1033:McQuaid, Cate (Sep 18, 2002).
930:"Women in the 1920s | NCpedia"
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907:
864:
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705:Smith, Roberta (Nov 7, 2019).
682:, Colonial Williamsburg, 1947.
476:Contributions to the art world
260:Wadleigh High School for Girls
229:
1:
1109:American women art collectors
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370:department store, first as a
314:. They rented a cottage from
1014:Arn, Jackson (Nov 3, 2019).
399:at the suggestion of artist
386:Opening The Downtown Gallery
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529:Six Decades of American Art
495:U.S. Department of Commerce
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1104:American women art dealers
826:Stover Gaines, Catherine.
770:Lindsay., Pollock (2006).
272:National Academy of Design
553:University of Connecticut
507:University of Connecticut
413:American Folk Art Gallery
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422:Abby Aldrich Rockefeller
1134:Business of visual arts
1114:American art collectors
736:, PublicAffairs, 2006.
678:Halpert, Edith Gregor,
671:Halpert, Edith Gregor,
486:WPA Federal Art Project
443:WPA Federal Art Project
248:pogroms of October 1905
220:William Michael Harnett
953:James., Grant (1994).
914:Tepfer, Diane (2001).
664:Sotheby Parke Bernet,
657:Sotheby Parke Bernet,
441:As an advisor for the
274:and life drawing with
1119:Jewish art collectors
304:Hamilton Easter Field
1099:American art dealers
539:Image to Abstraction
462:Negro Art in America
447:Boris Mirski Gallery
426:Museum of Modern Art
121:Edith Gregor Halpert
110:(m. 1918; div. 1930)
562:'s 2019 exhibition
551:, exhibited at the
533:Leicester Galleries
525:Museum of Art, 1963
523:Brandeis University
284:Whitney Studio Club
280:Art Students League
224:John Frederick Peto
132:American modern art
16:American art dealer
732:Pollock, Lindsay,
711:The New York Times
587:Visual arts portal
543:Amon Carter Museum
292:People's Art Guild
1129:American folk art
991:The Jewish Museum
742:978-1-58648-302-9
636:978-0-8131-5567-8
336:Katherine Schmidt
148:Greenwich Village
136:American folk art
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71:(aged 69â70)
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454:Alfred Stieglitz
397:Downtown Gallery
276:George Bridgeman
212:Georgia O'Keeffe
202:, Walter Meigs,
144:Downtown Gallery
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361:Business career
332:Yasuo Kuniyoshi
324:Bernard Karfiol
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216:Raphaelle Peale
184:Yasuo Kuniyoshi
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176:Charles Sheeler
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58:Odessa, Ukraine
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401:William Zorach
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368:Bloomingdale's
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348:William Zorach
316:Robert Laurent
299:Samuel Halpert
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164:William Zorach
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994:. Retrieved
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252:tuberculosis
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74:New York, NY
69:(1970-00-00)
1094:1970 deaths
1089:1900 births
600:Art gallery
531:, shown at
458:Arthur Dove
372:comptometer
230:Early years
204:Arthur Dove
192:Jack Levine
172:Peggy Bacon
140:avant-garde
80:Nationality
1139:Odesa Jews
1124:Modern art
1083:Categories
939:2019-05-02
857:2019-05-02
687:References
605:Modern art
595:Art dealer
541:, held at
470:Ritz Tower
355:meningitis
344:Marguerite
264:Leon Kroll
208:John Marin
160:Marguerite
901:161301668
893:1073-9300
420:included
328:Walt Kuhn
188:Ben Shahn
156:Max Weber
1043:Archived
973:34642572
792:70668720
573:See also
493:and the
308:Ogunquit
83:American
1020:Forward
852:jwa.org
675:, 1936.
668:, 1973.
661:, 1973.
278:at the
270:at the
244:Ukraine
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1049:May 5,
996:May 5,
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545:, 1967
376:Macy's
342:, and
256:Harlem
242:, now
240:Russia
238:(then
236:Odessa
222:, and
128:dealer
104:Spouse
897:S2CID
831:(PDF)
312:Maine
1069:MOMA
1051:2020
998:2020
969:OCLC
959:ISBN
889:ISSN
788:OCLC
778:ISBN
738:ISBN
632:ISBN
558:The
503:USIA
411:The
346:and
286:and
266:and
162:and
134:and
67:1970
64:Died
52:1900
48:1900
41:Born
881:doi
306:in
290:'s
130:of
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