36:
482:
420:, catering for both boys and girls. These offer classes from Years 9 to 12 and cater for academically gifted students. There are also schools which specialise in performing arts and sports. The remainder are open schools which accept all students from the government-defined catchment areas, although some are single sex. Selective schools are more prestigious than open government schools, and, as one would expect, generally achieve better results in the school-leaving exams than independent or open government schools. Entrance to selective schools is by examination and they cater to a large geographical area.
2394:
845:
2943:
202:(1982β1985), instituted a policy review by a Ministerial Review Committee headed by Dr. Ken McKinnon. The committee, made up mostly of teacher union and parent organisation representatives, recommended modifications which Fordham went on to incorporate as he completed the restructuring of the department, generally as recommended by the White Paper. Fordham had supported the general thrust of the reform process while in opposition and followed through with the project when in government.
246:
2950:
28:
2974:
393:
166:
following growing dissatisfaction with State funding of religious schools and the burgeoning cost of funding and administering a dual school system, the government introduced free, compulsory and secular education, establishing the first
Education Department. The department became the employer of school teachers, and was led by Victoria's first Minister of Public Instruction. State funding of religious schools ended in 1874.
859:
2962:
179:, as Assistant Minister of Education (1979β1980) and Minister for Educational Services (1980β1982), were jointly responsible for the reform policy development process and the early stages of its implementation. Together they made a formidable team in the pursuit of their mission to reform the administration of the centralised and inefficient department. Hunt appointed Lacy Chairman of the
162:, was an opponent of the clause, and favoured a unified secular education system. Both Anglicans and Catholics, on the other hand, favoured state-funded religious schools. In 1862 Heales (no longer the Premier) introduced a bill in Parliament to create a single Board of Education to rationalise the colony's school system, which was passed with broad support.
685:, or from courses accredited by state/territory government authorities. These qualifications are regularly reviewed and updated. In specialised areas where no publicly owned qualifications exist, an RTO may develop its own course and have it accredited as a privately owned program, subject to the same rules as those that are publicly owned.
1470:
709:
Learn Local organisations can deliver both pre-accredited and accredited training. Pre-accredited training is unique to the Learn Local sector. Pre-accredited training programs are designed to help learners gain the confidence and skills needed to seek employment and further education opportunities.
227:
Pre-schools are usually run by local councils, community groups or private organizations. Pre-school is offered to three- to five-year-olds. Attendance in pre-school is 93% in
Victoria. The year before a child is due to attend primary school is the main year for pre-school education. This year is far
87:
School education is compulsory in
Victoria between the ages of six and seventeen. A student is free to leave school on turning seventeen, which is prior to completing secondary education. In recent years over three-quarters of students are reported to be staying on until they are eighteen, at the end
400:
The state government owns and operates schools at both primary and secondary levels. These schools are generally called government or state schools. They do not charge compulsory fees, with the majority of their costs being met by the government, and the rest by voluntary levies and by fund raising.
165:
Until 1872 state-funded religious schools were governed and administered separately from their secular counterparts. The
Denominational School Board provided for religious schools while the National School Board, later the Board of Education, provided government sponsored secular education. In 1872,
705:
Learn Local organisations deliver a broad range of education and training in community settings. Each year over 110,000 Victorians undertake training at a Learn Local organisation. To be part of the Learn Local network and deliver pre-accredited training, an organisation must be registered with the
427:
As at 3 August 2007, teacher-student ratios were higher in the
Victorian government sector, at 13.8, compared with 12.9 in the non-government sector. However, in both sectors Victoria compared favourably with national figures: the national teacher-student ratio in government schools was higher at
236:
Primary education consists of seven grades: a
Preparatory year (commonly called "Prep") followed by Years 1 to 6. The minimum age at which a Victorian child can commence primary school education is 4.8 years. That is, the child can enroll in a school at the preparatory level if he or she would be
141:
The academic year in
Victoria generally runs from late January until mid-December for primary and secondary schools and TAFE colleges, and from late February until mid-November for universities. Victorian schools operate on a four term basis. Schools are closed for the Victorian public holidays.
710:
They include courses in communication, job search skills, returning to work skills and literacy and numeracy skills. In order to offer accredited training, Learn Local organisations have to be
Registered Training Organisations (RTOs) which results in the delivery of qualifications equivalent to
118:
Regardless of whether a school is government or independent, they are required to adhere to the same curriculum frameworks. Education in all government schools is secular and must not promote any particular religious practice, denomination or sect. Most school students, be they in a government,
91:
Education in government schools until year 12 is free, but this does not apply to overseas students nor to students over the age of 20 on 1 January of the year of enrolment. Independent schools, both religious and secular, charge fees, which are subsidised by the
Federal and State governments.
745:(previously known as the Council of Adult Education) provides a wide range of accredited adult education courses, with a strong focus in arts, languages and adult secondary education. Other options include business, computers, human services, languages, wellbeing, fitness and literacy. (
215:
Pre-school in
Victoria for three and four-year-olds is regulated and funded (currently a roll-out system for 3-year-old funding is underway until 2029) while not compulsory. The first exposure many Australian children have to learn with others outside of traditional parenting is
1135:
Murray Landt, past president of the Victorian Primary Principals Association: "The years 1980 and 1981 were very significant years in the history of state education in Victoria. For the first time in eighty years there was a complete restructure of the Education
724:
There are over 300 Learn Local organisations across regional, rural and metropolitan Victoria, Australia which form the Learn Local education and training sector. There are also two AEI (Adult Educational Institutions) in the Learn Local network,
603:(TAFE) institutes are state-administered. TAFE institutions generally offer short courses, Certificates I, II, III, and IV, Diplomas, and Advanced Diplomas in a wide range of vocational topics. They also sometimes offer Higher Education courses.
659:
In size these RTOs vary from single-person operations delivering training and assessment in a narrow specialisation, to large organisations offering a wide range of programs. Many of them receive government funding to deliver programs to
423:
The number of students enrolled in Victorian state schools was 648,044 in 2021, compared to 535,883 in 2007, an increase of 21%. The non-government sector stood at 366,201 in 2021, compared to 297,970 in 2007, an increase of 23%.
472:
Although non-tertiary public education is free, 36% of students attend a non-government primary or secondary school. The state has 497 Catholic schools (mostly primary only) and 226 independent schools (mostly prep to year 12).
764:
provides initial settlement support, English language and literacy tuition, vocational training and employment services to migrants, refugees and asylum seekers living in Victoria, and employment services in Western Sydney.
504:
Melbourne Campus in Bundoora being 267 hectares in area. Melbourne University is the oldest university in Victoria and the second-oldest university in Australia. It is ranked second among Australian universities in the 2006
535:, which has nine campuses across Melbourne's western region, including three in the heart of Melbourne's Central Business District (CBD) and another four within ten kilometres of the CBD, and the St Patrick's campus of the
260:
or secondary colleges) consist of Years 7 to 12. Secondary schools are usually separate institutions to primary schools, although in recent years, the number of combined primary and secondary schools has increased.
195:
The Government legislated β at the end of 1981 β to scrap the teaching divisions (Primary, Secondary and Technical) and to remove the statutory bodies (The Committee of Classifiers and the Teachers' Tribunal).
721:
Learn Local organisations also offer other services such as childcare facilities, career advice, financial assistance or disability support services to support people to be able to undertake learning.
689:
61:
and whose role is to "provide policy and planning advice for the delivery of education". It acts as advisor to two state ministers, that for Education and for Children and Early Childhood Development.
1100:. Ministerial Statement by A. J. Hunt, MLC, Minister of Education in the Legislative Council, and Norman Lacy, MP, Assistant Minister of Education in the Legislative Assembly, on 12 December 1979.
198:
Hunt and Lacy sought and obtained the support of the Labor opposition and the National Party. When the Cain Labor government won office in the April 1982 election the new Minister of Education,
2054:
170:
169:
From 1979 to 1982 the Hamer Liberal government initiated and implemented the most significant and far-reaching reorganisation of the Victorian Education Department in the 20th century.
874:
88:
of the secondary school level. Government schools educate 64% of Victorian students, with 21% of students in Catholic schools and the remaining 15% in independent schools as of 2021.
749:) CAE receives state government funding. CAE's objective is to deliver courses designed to help adults complete their secondary education and begin or change their career direction.
515:
ranked the University of Melbourne as the 36th best university in the world, Monash University was ranked the 38th best university in the world. Both universities are members of the
2427:
899:
188:
2569:
692:(TAE40110) or demonstrate equivalent competency. They are also required to have relevant vocational competencies, at least to the level being delivered or assessed.
2049:
450:
Non-Catholic non-government schools (often called "Independent" schools) include schools operated by religious groups and secular educational philosophies such as
678:
682:
677:(VET) VET programs delivered by TAFE Institutes and private RTOs are based on nationally registered qualifications, derived from either endorsed sets of
563:
1669:
2422:
1960:
904:
1995:
1713:
1199:
761:
1318:
54:
2529:
293:
2110:
2080:
1744:
925:
340:
312:
196:
547:
at Melbourne's universities has risen rapidly, a result of an increasing number of places being made available to full fee paying students.
2550:
2543:
1681:
2127:
2115:
2085:
1881:
1856:
1851:
1686:
1676:
1148:
Explanatory Second Reading Speech by Norman Lacy, MP, Minister of Educational Services in the Legislative Assembly, on 10 September 1981.
2095:
1985:
1924:
1608:
812:
543:
maintains two major campuses in Melbourne and Geelong, and is the third largest university in Victoria. In recent years, the number of
2075:
1975:
1866:
920:
889:
352:
324:
112:
1764:
516:
193:
1990:
1620:
1616:
1592:
816:
3000:
1664:
1399:
1369:
1343:
1216:
958:
931:
585:. However, in recent years there have been some informal moves towards standardization between higher education institutions.
2351:
2326:
2122:
1980:
1945:
668:
511:
2965:
2158:
2142:
2132:
2090:
2020:
1970:
1965:
1909:
1706:
936:
623:
348:
2041:
1950:
1861:
1793:
1628:
824:
551:
409:
127:
1429:
2306:
2243:
2173:
2105:
2100:
1929:
1876:
1871:
914:
528:
461:, and even more for overseas students. Government funding for independent schools often comes under criticism from the
344:
336:
320:
273:
58:
2194:
1919:
1644:
884:
828:
667:
All TAFE institutes and private RTOs are required to maintain compliance with a set of national standards called the
627:
532:
289:
224:. This sort of activity is not generally considered schooling. Pre-school education is separate from primary school.
311:
The curriculum for all Victorian schools, government and non-governments, from Prep to Year 12 is determined by the
2498:
2025:
1955:
1576:
792:
715:
633:
192:
He pulled together a group of people from academia and business to assist him as well as PA Management Consultants.
2015:
1904:
1699:
1268:
600:
447:
Most Catholic schools are either run by their local parish and/or by the Victorian Catholic Education Authority.
370:
359:
programs in place of the VCE. (List of schools offering the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme)
316:
115:). As of 2021, there were 1553 government schools, 497 Catholic schools and 226 independent schools in Victoria.
81:
35:
1171:
187:
later. Lacy's managerial and educational philosophy were a significant influence on the process and the outcome.
2775:
2137:
1786:
1632:
1624:
1007:
820:
536:
190:
457:
Some independent schools charge fees as high as $ 43,000 per year for day students, and $ 84,000 per year for
2697:
1914:
1835:
1814:
1600:
1446:
500:, the largest university in Australia. It is also home to the largest metropolitan campus in Australia, with
2070:
1771:
1749:
1197:
How Much Do Public Schools Really Cost? Estimating the Relationship Between House Prices and School Quality
611:
335:
Students in Years 11 to 12, whether in government or non-government schools, normally are assessed for the
2746:
2623:
2598:
2378:
2266:
894:
387:
356:
2393:
1196:
2493:
2414:
2341:
2331:
1157:
Robert C. Fordham, "A New Government's Organisational Review" in M. Frazer, J. Dunstan, P. Creed Eds.,
742:
726:
481:
462:
285:
439:
for government-run schools were 14.1 for primary schools, and 12.1 for secondary schools in Victoria.
2953:
2574:
2296:
1588:
1568:
804:
784:
775:
688:
All trainers and assessors delivering VET programs are required to hold a qualification known as the
574:
436:
135:
39:
2648:
2633:
2361:
2281:
1636:
1572:
788:
417:
281:
151:
2643:
2366:
1754:
1596:
1584:
1060:
493:
486:
2942:
2711:
2658:
2311:
2236:
2189:
1736:
1722:
1580:
879:
796:
506:
466:
249:
172:
760:
AMES Australia is a national provider of settlement services for refugees and asylum seekers.
588:
The city of Melbourne was ranked the world's fourth top university city in 2008 after London,
2873:
2848:
2813:
2628:
2521:
2286:
1830:
1809:
1776:
1604:
1495:
1293:
1122:
Alan J. Hunt, "A Government Thrusts Towards Change" in M. Frazer, J. Dunstan, P. Creed Eds.,
544:
405:
269:
130:, a unified system of national qualifications in schools, vocational education and training (
664:
or trainees, to disadvantaged groups, or in fields which governments see as priority areas.
2704:
2383:
2321:
1886:
674:
582:
432:
221:
65:
20:
8:
2690:
2402:
2356:
2336:
2301:
2291:
1612:
1532:
520:
501:
296:, but all public schools may restrict entry to students living in their regional 'zone'.
159:
73:
1370:"University of Melbourne's international student offers rise β as its demand leaps"
2878:
2838:
2485:
2437:
2371:
2276:
615:
607:
555:
554:(AQF), which attempts to integrate into a single national classification all levels of
413:
277:
108:
77:
773:
Melbourne schools are predominant among Australian schools whose alumni are listed in
99:
is free, 36% of students attend a non-government school as of 2021. The most numerous
2973:
2903:
2888:
2843:
2516:
2446:
2346:
2229:
646:
the training function of employer or employee organisations in a particular industry,
550:
The classification of tertiary qualifications in Victoria is governed in part by the
540:
497:
69:
1377:
1224:
962:
123:, although there are varying expectations and some schools do not require uniforms.
2823:
2783:
2673:
2252:
1554:
956:
864:
800:
619:
578:
559:
265:
96:
43:
779:, a listing of notable Australians. In the top ten boys' schools in Australia for
671:(AQTF), and this compliance is monitored by regular internal and external audits.
581:
institutions) largely regulate their own courses, the primary usage of AQF is for
2977:
2818:
2536:
2467:
2316:
2210:
1759:
1203:
850:
524:
458:
373:(AIM) program. Each student's skills are assessed at Years 3, 5, 7 and 9 levels.
104:
1407:
632:
In addition to TAFE institutes, there are approximately 1100 privately operated
2883:
2739:
2668:
2474:
2460:
2453:
1499:
199:
155:
120:
100:
1246:
2994:
2863:
2788:
2653:
2561:
2508:
909:
392:
300:
2760:
2753:
2725:
2718:
2663:
2168:
2163:
347:) score, used for advancement to tertiary education, is determined by the
2923:
2638:
1691:
1660:
Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, Victoria website
1518:
Nor Free Nor Secular: Six Independent Schools in Victoria, a First Sample
257:
245:
228:
more commonly attended, and usually takes the form of 15 hours per week.
176:
315:(VCAA). Between Prep and Year 10 the Victorian Curriculum framework and
2913:
2893:
2793:
2055:
Commonwealth Register of Institutions and Courses for Overseas Students
1640:
1504:
Who Went Where in Who's Who 1988: The Schooling of the Australian Elite
787:(first in Australia - it is also Melbourne's oldest secondary school),
661:
451:
27:
2908:
2898:
2853:
2732:
2584:
746:
567:
1430:"Adult, Community and Further Education Board Annual Report 2012-13"
2918:
2798:
1659:
366:
362:
217:
2928:
2868:
2858:
2833:
2808:
2803:
1459:
Through the Adult Community and Further Education Division (ACFE)
643:
the training department of manufacturing or service enterprises,
2828:
1840:
1239:
858:
589:
299:
The Victorian Student Representative Council serves to connect
1506:, Melbourne University History Research Series Number 1, 1992
2221:
900:
List of universities and research institutions in Melbourne
718:. Approximately 50% of Learn Local organisations are RTOs.
711:
131:
1687:
Statutory Authorities in the Victorian education portfolio
1449:. Department of Education and Early Childhood Development.
757:
730:
404:
Four government secondary schools are entirely selective:
339:(VCE). The curriculum and assessment is determined by the
2101:
Department for Education, Children and Young People (TAS)
2050:
Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority
1376:. uninews.unimelb.edu.au. 12 January 2007. Archived from
957:
Department of Education and Early Childhood Development.
595:
369:
skills of Victorian school students are monitored by the
531:, based in the inner city Melbourne suburb of Hawthorn,
154:
of 1855, which provided for state funding for religion.
875:
Department of Education and Early Childhood Development
142:
Universities observe the Commonwealth public holidays.
1088:(1922), with an introduction by Alexander J. Peacock.
706:
Adult, Community and Further Education (ACFE) Board.
700:
351:(VTAC). Years 11 and 12 students may study under the
1008:"Summary statistics for Victorian Schools July 2021"
840:
652:
community learning centres and neighbourhood houses,
268:
in Melbourne (entry based on examination/audition):
183:
that steered the project in its early phase and the
2111:
Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (VIC)
1677:
Facts and figures about Victoria's education system
1324:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 23 February 2006
1190:
1111:
Strategies and Structures for Education in Victoria
1533:"Scotch College's role in the birth of our Nation"
606:Six TAFE institutes are located in Melbourne: the
519:. Other universities located in Melbourne include
126:Post-compulsory education is regulated within the
905:Special Assistance Program (Australian education)
319:(AIM) certificates apply. For Years 11 to 12 the
2992:
16:Overview of the education in Victoria, Australia
695:
1447:"Adult, Community and Further Education Board"
1406:. RMIT University. 30 May 2008. Archived from
435:teachers in Victorian government schools. The
381:
294:Victorian College of the Arts Secondary School
76:(secondary schools or secondary colleges) and
2237:
1707:
926:Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority
736:
428:14.2, and 13.8 in the non-government sector.
341:Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority
313:Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority
119:Catholic or independent school, usually wear
1098:Aims and Objectives of Education in Victoria
1061:"School term dates and holidays in Victoria"
807:(sixth). In the top ten girls' schools for
237:five years of age by 30 April of that year.
175:, as Minister of Education (1979β1982), and
2128:South Australian Tertiary Admissions Centre
292:Elizabeth Blackburn Science School and the
68:follows the three-tier model consisting of
2244:
2230:
1721:
1714:
1700:
1172:"Schools inequality calls for bold reform"
799:(fourth - has a junior campus in suburban
655:secondary colleges providing VET programs.
1567:. The rankings for boy's schools are: 1.
921:Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning
890:Public and Private Education in Australia
690:Certificate IV in Training and Assessment
442:
353:Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning
325:Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning
113:Public and Private Education in Australia
1607:. The ranking for girls' schools are: 1.
1400:"World's top university cities revealed"
1086:A history of state education in Victoria
480:
476:
391:
244:
34:
26:
1609:Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne
1336:
252:, a public secondary school in Victoria
42:, Melbourne's largest public library. (
2993:
1938:
1515:
1468:
1311:
961:. education.vic.gov.au. Archived from
932:Victorian Essential Learning Standards
783:-listed alumni, Melbourne schools are
596:Technical and Further Education (TAFE)
2225:
2123:Queensland Tertiary Admissions Centre
1695:
1374:University of Melbourne Media Release
1178:. Melbourne: Fairfax. 17 October 2003
1159:Perspectives on Organisational Change
1124:Perspectives on Organisational Change
1113:, Victorian Government Printer, 1981.
811:-listed alumni Melbourne schools are
669:Australian Quality Training Framework
512:The Times Higher Education Supplement
2961:
2143:Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre
2133:Tertiary Institutions Service Centre
2021:National Training System (Australia)
1530:
1269:"Fees, policies and Parent Handbook"
1015:Department of Education and Training
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
937:Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre
349:Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre
240:
55:Department of Education and Training
2046:Australian Skills Quality Authority
1794:Australian Qualifications Framework
552:Australian Qualifications Framework
134:) and the higher education sector (
128:Australian Qualifications Framework
13:
2174:Minister for Education (Australia)
1930:Australian Tertiary Admission Rank
915:Victorian Certificate of Education
701:Learn Local education and training
529:Swinburne University of Technology
345:Australian Tertiary Admission Rank
337:Victorian Certificate of Education
321:Victorian Certificate of Education
231:
181:Ministerial Consultative Committee
14:
3012:
2195:National Tertiary Education Union
1653:
1645:University High School, Melbourne
1223:. vcaa.vic.edu.au. Archived from
1048:Education and Training Reform Act
1036:Education and Training Reform Act
989:
984:Education and Training Reform Act
885:Light Timber Construction schools
768:
752:
675:Vocational education and training
634:registered training organisations
412:, catering for girls, as well as
185:Implementation Steering Committee
2972:
2960:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2392:
2026:Registered training organisation
1629:Mac.Robertson Girls' High School
857:
843:
825:Mac.Robertson Girls' High School
410:Mac.Robertson Girls' High School
51:Education in Victoria, Australia
1547:
1524:
1509:
1489:
1462:
1453:
1439:
1422:
1392:
1362:
1286:
1261:
1209:
1164:
1151:
1139:
1129:
1116:
601:Technical and Further Education
371:Achievement Improvement Monitor
317:Achievement Improvement Monitor
274:MacRobertson Girls' High School
256:Secondary schools (also called
72:(primary schools), followed by
2138:Universities Admissions Centre
1682:School term dates for Victoria
1633:North Sydney Girls High School
1625:Melbourne Girls Grammar School
1555:"Who's Who of School Rankings"
1469:Walker, Frank (22 July 2001).
1103:
1091:
1079:
1053:
1041:
1029:
977:
950:
821:Melbourne Girls Grammar School
640:commercial training providers,
537:Australian Catholic University
431:As of 2020, there were 48,411
46:Reading Room β 5th floor view)
1:
3001:Education in Victoria (state)
2106:Department of Education (VIC)
2091:Department of Education (QLD)
2076:Department of Education (NSW)
1601:North Sydney Boys High School
1531:Shew, Frank (December 2000).
1294:"Fees & Business Notices"
1273:Mount Scopus Memorial College
943:
492:Melbourne is the home of the
396:Melbourne High School in 1965
330:
306:
210:
2251:
2116:Department of Education (WA)
2096:Department of Education (SA)
2086:Department of Education (NT)
1557:. Better Education Australia
1344:"ANU up there with the best"
1247:"Foundation β 10 Curriculum"
813:Presbyterian Ladies' College
696:Other educational facilities
376:
290:The University High School's
7:
1887:International Baccalaureate
1161:, Longmans, 1985, pp 57β70.
1126:, Longmans, 1985, pp 13β32.
1109:Alan Hunt and Norman Lacy,
895:List of schools in Victoria
834:
388:List of schools in Victoria
382:Government or state schools
357:International Baccalaureate
343:(VCAA) and the final ATAR (
10:
3017:
1520:. Oxford University Press.
1146:Education (Amendment) Bill
743:Centre for Adult Education
737:Centre for Adult Education
463:Australian Education Union
385:
303:efforts across the state.
286:John Monash Science School
150:There was a clause in the
145:
18:
2937:
2774:
2682:
2616:
2583:
2560:
2507:
2484:
2436:
2413:
2401:
2390:
2352:Australian rules football
2259:
2203:
2182:
2151:
2071:ACT Education Directorate
2063:
2034:
2008:
1897:
1823:
1802:
1729:
1670:Changes to the Department
1589:Wesley College, Melbourne
1569:Scotch College, Melbourne
1350:. Fairfax. 6 October 2006
649:Group Training Companies,
628:William Angliss Institute
575:Universities in Australia
40:State Library of Victoria
1637:Sydney Girls High School
1573:Melbourne Grammar School
1202:9 September 2008 at the
817:Methodist Ladies College
789:Melbourne Grammar School
509:international rankings.
418:Suzanne Cory High School
282:Suzanne Cory High School
266:selective public schools
205:
2644:Lady Julia Percy Island
2499:Wimmera Southern Mallee
2407:sub-regions / districts
2042:Department of Education
1741:States and territories
1585:Sydney Boys High School
636:(RTOs). They include:
494:University of Melbourne
487:University of Melbourne
485:Ormond College (1879),
57:, which is part of the
2190:Universities Australia
1723:Education in Australia
1597:Fort Street Boys' High
1581:Geelong Grammar School
1298:Geelong Grammar School
1217:"Function of the VCAA"
959:"About the Department"
880:Education in Australia
829:University High School
815:(first in Australia),
797:Geelong Grammar School
776:Who's Who in Australia
545:international students
489:
467:Australian Labor Party
459:full boarding students
443:Non-government schools
437:student-teacher ratios
397:
253:
250:Camberwell High School
152:Victorian Constitution
95:Although non-tertiary
47:
32:
1845:Leaving certificates
1831:Australian Curriculum
1810:Australian Curriculum
1605:Sydney Grammar School
1577:Melbourne High School
1477:. Fairfax. p. 16
1348:Sydney Morning Herald
793:Melbourne High School
558:(both vocational and
502:La Trobe University's
484:
477:Tertiary institutions
408:, catering for boys,
406:Melbourne High School
395:
270:Melbourne High School
248:
53:is supervised by the
38:
30:
2705:Mornington Peninsula
2617:Unincorporated areas
1961:Mathematical science
1920:List of universities
1665:About the Department
1516:Hansen, Ian (1971).
1471:"The ties that bind"
1206:, ANU, 6 August 2006
679:competency standards
612:Holmesglen Institute
583:vocational education
21:Teaching in Victoria
1996:Veterinary medicine
1613:SCEGGS Darlinghurst
1319:"Schools Australia"
577:(and a few similar
533:Victoria University
521:La Trobe University
160:Premier of Victoria
107:, and the rest are
74:secondary education
31:Williamstown School
616:Chisholm Institute
608:Box Hill Institute
564:trade certificates
556:tertiary education
490:
414:Nossal High School
398:
323:(VCE) program and
278:Nossal High School
254:
80:(universities and
78:tertiary education
48:
33:
2988:
2987:
2770:
2769:
2585:Greater Melbourne
2494:Central Highlands
2447:Central Gippsland
2428:Great South Coast
2415:Barwon South West
2219:
2218:
2004:
2003:
1737:National overview
1050:2006, sec. 2.2.10
683:Training Packages
541:Deakin University
498:Monash University
241:Secondary schools
70:primary education
3008:
2976:
2964:
2963:
2952:
2951:
2945:
2776:Cities and towns
2747:Western District
2674:Sandstone Island
2624:Elizabeth Island
2595:Inner South-east
2411:
2410:
2396:
2307:Local Government
2246:
2239:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2035:Federal agencies
1936:
1935:
1915:Academic grading
1716:
1709:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1647:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1535:. Scotch College
1528:
1522:
1521:
1513:
1507:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1213:
1207:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1168:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1120:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1038:2006, sec. 2.2.4
1033:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1012:
1004:
987:
986:2006, sec. 2.1.1
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
954:
867:
865:Education portal
862:
861:
853:
848:
847:
846:
620:Kangan Institute
579:higher education
560:higher education
264:There are seven
220:or a parent-run
158:, a short-lived
97:public education
59:State Government
3016:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2933:
2766:
2683:Other districts
2678:
2612:
2579:
2570:Loddon Campaspe
2556:
2537:Goulburn Valley
2503:
2480:
2468:South Gippsland
2432:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2255:
2250:
2220:
2215:
2199:
2183:Industry bodies
2178:
2147:
2059:
2030:
2000:
1934:
1893:
1836:List of schools
1819:
1815:List of schools
1798:
1725:
1720:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1560:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1529:
1525:
1514:
1510:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1410:on 19 July 2008
1398:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1380:on 30 July 2008
1368:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1227:on 22 July 2008
1215:
1214:
1210:
1204:Wayback Machine
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1130:
1121:
1117:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1067:. 15 April 2024
1059:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1010:
1006:
1005:
990:
982:
978:
968:
966:
955:
951:
946:
871:
870:
863:
856:
851:Victoria portal
849:
844:
842:
837:
771:
755:
739:
703:
698:
598:
525:RMIT University
479:
445:
390:
384:
379:
333:
309:
243:
234:
232:Primary schools
213:
208:
148:
101:private schools
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3014:
3004:
3003:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2970:
2958:
2946:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2740:Victorian Alps
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2669:Mount Stirling
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2475:West Gippsland
2471:
2464:
2461:Latrobe Valley
2457:
2454:East Gippsland
2450:
2442:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2398:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2344:
2342:Road Transport
2339:
2334:
2332:Rail Transport
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2064:State agencies
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1925:Academic ranks
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1655:
1654:External links
1652:
1649:
1648:
1546:
1523:
1508:
1500:Janet McCalman
1488:
1461:
1452:
1438:
1421:
1391:
1361:
1335:
1310:
1285:
1260:
1238:
1208:
1189:
1163:
1150:
1138:
1128:
1115:
1102:
1090:
1078:
1065:www.vic.gov.au
1052:
1040:
1028:
988:
976:
965:on 29 May 2012
948:
947:
945:
942:
941:
940:
934:
929:
923:
918:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
869:
868:
854:
839:
838:
836:
833:
805:Wesley College
785:Scotch College
770:
769:Notable alumni
767:
762:AMES Australia
758:AMES Australia
754:
753:AMES Australia
751:
738:
735:
702:
699:
697:
694:
657:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
597:
594:
517:Group of Eight
478:
475:
444:
441:
383:
380:
378:
375:
332:
329:
327:(VCAL) apply.
308:
305:
242:
239:
233:
230:
212:
209:
207:
204:
200:Robert Fordham
156:Richard Heales
147:
144:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3013:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Bacchus Marsh
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2712:North Central
2709:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2654:Mount Baw Baw
2652:
2650:
2649:Lake Mountain
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2634:French Island
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2562:Loddon Mallee
2559:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:Bruce Chapman
2157:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Physiotherapy
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1617:MLC Melbourne
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1556:
1550:
1534:
1527:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1456:
1448:
1442:
1431:
1425:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1320:
1314:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1248:
1242:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1160:
1154:
1147:
1142:
1132:
1125:
1119:
1112:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1049:
1044:
1037:
1032:
1016:
1009:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
985:
980:
964:
960:
953:
949:
938:
935:
933:
930:
927:
924:
922:
919:
916:
913:
911:
910:TAFE Victoria
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
866:
860:
855:
852:
841:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
777:
766:
763:
759:
750:
748:
744:
734:
732:
728:
722:
719:
717:
713:
707:
693:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
670:
665:
663:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
638:
637:
635:
630:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
604:
602:
593:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
513:
508:
503:
499:
495:
488:
483:
474:
470:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
448:
440:
438:
434:
429:
425:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
394:
389:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
304:
302:
301:student voice
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
259:
251:
247:
238:
229:
225:
223:
219:
203:
201:
197:
194:
191:
189:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
163:
161:
157:
153:
143:
139:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
93:
89:
85:
83:
82:TAFE Colleges
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:Education in
62:
60:
56:
52:
45:
41:
37:
29:
25:
22:
2978:
2966:
2954:
2761:Yarra Valley
2759:
2754:Western Port
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2726:Port Phillip
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2664:Mount Hotham
2659:Mount Buller
2549:
2542:
2535:
2530:Central Hume
2528:
2522:Ovens Murray
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2362:Rugby league
2271:
2169:David Gonski
2164:John Dawkins
1976:Paramedicine
1910:Tuition fees
1781:
1559:. Retrieved
1549:
1537:. Retrieved
1526:
1517:
1511:
1503:
1491:
1479:. Retrieved
1474:
1464:
1455:
1441:
1424:
1412:. Retrieved
1408:the original
1403:
1394:
1382:. Retrieved
1378:the original
1373:
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1347:
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1297:
1288:
1276:. Retrieved
1272:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:the original
1220:
1211:
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1175:
1166:
1158:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1136:Department."
1131:
1123:
1118:
1110:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1064:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1019:. Retrieved
1014:
983:
979:
967:. Retrieved
963:the original
952:
827:(sixth) and
808:
780:
774:
772:
756:
740:
723:
720:
714:and private
708:
704:
687:
673:
666:
658:
631:
605:
599:
587:
573:However, as
572:
549:
510:
491:
471:
456:
449:
446:
430:
426:
422:
403:
399:
361:
334:
310:
298:
263:
258:high schools
255:
235:
226:
214:
184:
180:
168:
164:
149:
140:
125:
117:
94:
90:
86:
63:
50:
49:
24:
2924:Warrnambool
2874:Ocean Grove
2849:Maryborough
2814:Castlemaine
2639:Gabo Island
2629:Falls Creek
2592:Inner Metro
2367:Rugby union
1561:5 September
1539:25 November
1017:. July 2021
747:CAE website
662:apprentices
592:and Tokyo.
177:Norman Lacy
109:independent
2914:Wangaratta
2894:Shepparton
2794:Bairnsdale
2698:Goldfields
2551:Upper Hume
2544:Lower Hume
2312:Parliament
2297:Government
2081:NESA (NSW)
2009:Vocational
1991:Psychology
1641:MLC Sydney
1621:PLC Sydney
1475:Sun-Herald
1354:12 October
1328:24 October
944:References
791:(second),
568:doctorates
566:to higher
452:Montessori
386:See also:
355:(VCAL) or
331:Assessment
307:Curriculum
211:Pre-school
136:university
19:See also:
2909:Traralgon
2899:Swan Hill
2854:Melbourne
2733:Sunraysia
2691:Bellarine
2486:Grampians
2438:Gippsland
2287:Geography
2272:Education
2204:Companies
1824:Secondary
1496:Mark Peel
1481:6 January
1404:RMIT News
831:(tenth).
823:(fifth),
819:(third),
809:Who's Who
795:(third),
781:Who's Who
681:known as
377:Providers
222:playgroup
173:Alan Hunt
2995:Category
2955:Category
2919:Warragul
2879:Portland
2839:Hamilton
2799:Ballarat
2609:Southern
2603:Northern
2517:Goulburn
2384:Teaching
2322:Politics
2253:Victoria
1981:Pharmacy
1946:Business
1905:Overview
1898:Tertiary
1730:Overview
1253:22 March
1200:Archived
835:See also
562:), from
465:and the
367:numeracy
363:Literacy
218:day care
121:uniforms
105:Catholic
66:Victoria
44:La Trobe
2967:Commons
2929:Wodonga
2904:Torquay
2889:Seymour
2869:Morwell
2859:Mildura
2844:Horsham
2834:Geelong
2809:Bendigo
2804:Benalla
2606:Eastern
2599:Western
2403:Regions
2379:Symbols
2357:Cricket
2337:Regions
2302:History
2292:Geology
2267:Economy
2211:Navitas
1971:Nursing
1966:Medical
1939:Schools
1803:Primary
1765:History
1414:18 July
1384:18 July
1231:18 July
1182:18 July
1176:The Age
969:18 July
146:History
2979:Portal
2829:Echuca
2824:Drouin
2784:Ararat
2719:Otways
2575:Mallee
2423:Barwon
2372:Soccer
2327:People
2317:Police
2277:Energy
2260:Topics
2152:People
1951:Dental
1841:NAPLAN
1303:4 June
1278:4 June
1249:. VCAA
1071:4 June
1021:4 June
939:(VTAC)
928:(VCAA)
803:) and
801:Toorak
590:Boston
2819:Colac
2347:Sport
1643:, 10.
1603:, 10.
1593:Shore
1433:(PDF)
1322:(PDF)
1011:(PDF)
917:(VCE)
206:Tiers
111:(see
2884:Sale
2509:Hume
2282:Flag
2016:TAFE
1639:, 9.
1635:, 8.
1631:, 7.
1627:, 6.
1623:, 5.
1619:, 4.
1615:, 3.
1611:, 2.
1599:, 9.
1595:, 8.
1591:, 7.
1587:, 6.
1583:, 5.
1579:, 4.
1575:, 3.
1571:, 2.
1563:2008
1541:2009
1498:and
1483:2010
1416:2008
1386:2008
1356:2006
1330:2008
1305:2024
1280:2024
1255:2018
1233:2008
1221:VCAA
1184:2008
1073:2024
1023:2024
971:2008
741:The
731:AMES
729:and
716:RTOs
712:TAFE
626:and
624:NMIT
507:THES
496:and
416:and
365:and
132:TAFE
103:are
2864:Moe
2405:and
1956:Law
1877:VIC
1872:TAS
1862:QLD
1852:NSW
1848:ACT
1782:VIC
1777:TAS
1760:QLD
1750:NSW
1745:ACT
727:CAE
433:FTE
138:).
84:).
2997::
1882:WA
1867:SA
1857:NT
1787:WA
1772:SA
1755:NT
1502:,
1473:.
1402:.
1372:.
1346:.
1296:.
1271:.
1219:.
1174:.
1063:.
1013:.
991:^
733:.
622:,
618:,
614:,
610:,
570:.
539:.
527:,
523:,
469:.
454:.
288:,
284:,
280:,
276:,
272:,
2245:e
2238:t
2231:v
1715:e
1708:t
1701:v
1565:.
1543:.
1485:.
1435:.
1418:.
1388:.
1358:.
1332:.
1307:.
1282:.
1257:.
1235:.
1186:.
1075:.
1025:.
973:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.