346:
381:, that it was impolitic to put "affluent settlers and persons of a different description, particularly people of colour" on an "equal footing", Despard replied "the laws of England ... know no such distinction". (He had, on the same principle, overruled a local law excluding Jewish merchants from the Bay). Persuaded by the Baymen's entreaty that under "Despard's constitution" the "negroes in servitude, observing the now exalted status of their brethren of yesterday would be induced to revolt, and the settlement must be ruined ", in 1790 Sydney's successor,
33:
878:
1177:
190:
463:
865:, but also to affect "the forcible reduction to one common level of all the advantages of property, of all civil and political rights whatsoever". Together with John Wood, 36, John Francis, 23, both guardsmen, Thomas Broughton, 26, a carpenter, James Sedgwick Wratton, 35, a shoemaker, Arthur Graham, 53, a slater, and John Macnamara, a labourer, Despard was sentenced to be
634:, arrived from Manchester. There, as a test for "United Englishmen", he had been administering an oath to "Remove the diadem and take off the crown ... exalt him that is low and abuse him that is high". In London Coigly met with the leading Irish members of the LCS. In addition to Despard, these included Society President Alexander Galloway, and the brothers Benjamin and
826:
from the testimony to have been the headquarters of the conspiracy, and
Despard had only been there on one occasion before his arrest. To implicate Despard, he relied heavily on the many mentions of his name in United Irish correspondence. But at "several stages removed from the colonel's actions" these were often from persons Despard had never met.
919:
because he has been a friend to the poor and to the oppressed. But, Citizens, I hope and trust, notwithstanding my fate, and the fate of those who no doubt will soon follow me, that the principles of freedom, of humanity, and of justice, will finally triumph over falsehood, tyranny and delusion, and
913:
Fellow
Citizens, I come here, as you see, after having served my Country faithfully, honourably and usefully, for thirty years and upwards, to suffer death upon a scaffold for a crime of which I protest I am not guilty. I solemnly declare that I am no more guilty of it than any of you who may be now
848:
together; we slept many nights together in our clothes upon the ground; we have measured the height of the enemies wall together. In all that period of time no man could have shewn more zealous attachment to his
Sovereign and his Country". But Nelson had to admit to having "lost sight of Despard for
745:
who were determined to reorganise United
Irishmen on a strict military-conspiratorial basis. Members would be chosen personally by its officers, meeting as the executive directory. The immediate aim of the reconstituted society was, in conjunction with simultaneous risings in Ireland and England, to
729:, Despard, who had not been charged, was released in May 1802. There was no indication that he was intending to renew his seditious activity – in prison he had petitioned for voluntary transportation. But he returned to Ireland where he met with William Dowdall, recently released from
901:
Despard had declined to take divine service. He averred that while "outward forms of worship were useful for political purposes", he thought "the opinions of
Churchmen, Dissenters, Quakers, Methodists, Catholics, Savages, or even Atheists, were equally indifferent". He was permitted a final meeting
975:
Their son James returned to
Britain after the Napoleonic Wars. The final trace of him in the family records is an episode recounted by General John Despard, Edward's older brother, who was leaving a London theatre when he heard a carriage driver calling the family name. He made his way towards the
825:
Perceval had evidence that others in the club room of the Oakley Arms had discussed an insurrectionary plot with connections (he did not see fit to detail in court) to a northern underground: United
Englishmen committed to rise on news of a coup in London. The Oakley Arms, however, did not appear
388:
Despard supplied
Grenville with a 500-page report in which he characterized the Baymen as an "arbitrary aristocracy". He buttressed his argument with the results of the magistracy election in which he had stood shortly before he left, winning a resounding majority on an unprecedented turnout. But
897:
on 21 February 1803. The authorities had feared a public demonstration. Constables were ordered to watch "all the public houses and other places of resort for the disaffected", and the jail keeper was issued a rocket to launch as a signal to the military in the event of trouble. During the trial
860:
In the end, the jury was satisfied with a prosecution case that connected
Despard to only one overt act, the administration of illegal oaths. But perhaps moved by the Vice-Admiral's testimony, they recommended clemency. In denying their motion, Ellenborough emphasised the revolutionary nature of
885:
With Nelson's assistance, Catherine
Despard appealed for clemency to both the Prime Minister and the King, but secured only a waiving of the then already archaic rites of disembowelment. Magistrates, however, insisted on the "drawing" – there had never been a conviction for high treason without
649:
At this point, it appears that Despard held "a pivotal position between British republicans and France". In June 1797, a government informer reported that a United Irish delegation, travelling to France via London, had applied to Despard for the necessary documents. It is possible that this was
337:, a former slave who had lived among them in the 1770s, recorded that "These Indians live under an almost perfect equality, and there are no rich or poor among them. They do not strive to accumulate, and the great unwearied exertion, found among our civilised societies, is unknown among them".
369:) of the Miskito Coast. To the dismay of the established "Baymen" (slave-holding loggers), Despard did so without "any distinction of age, sex, character, respectability, property or colour". He distributed land by lottery in which, the Baymen noted in their petition to London, "the meanest
450:. Himself married to an English woman, Equiano asked: "Why not establish intermarriage at home, and in our colonies, and encourage open, free and generous love, upon Nature’s own wide and extensive plan, subservient only to moral rectitude, without distinction of the colour of a skin?"
416:. He arrived in London together with her and their young son, James, as his acknowledged family. There was scarcely precedent in England for what was considered a "mixed-race" marriage. Yet in what may be "a marker of the more fluid and tolerant character of racial attitudes in the
760:, and continued protest over food shortages encouraged renewed organisation among former conspirators. A military system and pike manufacture began to spread across the mill districts of Lancashire and Yorkshire, and regular meetings resumed between county and London delegates.
453:
The next generation of Despards denied Edward and Catherine's marriage. Family memoirs referred to Catherine as his "black housekeeper", and "the poor woman who called herself his wife". James was ascribed to a previous lover, both of whom were written out of the family tree.
642:, where, convening as the "United Britons", delegates from London, Scotland and the regions committed themselves "to overthrow the present Government, and to join the French as soon as they made a landing in England" (in December 1796 only weather had prevented a major
774:
On 16 November 1802, not long after again meeting Dowdall (who on his return to Ireland, had spoken openly of an insurrectionary conspiracy in London, at a dinner party) Despard was arrested. He was seized attending a meeting of 40 working men at the Oakley Arms
578:
at the scene of which Despard was detained and questioned, something which a magistrate suggested Despard might have avoided had he not, in giving his name, used the "improper title" of "citizen". In October, the government introduced the "Gagging Acts"
431:
MP (an Irishman), read a letter from Catherine in which she described her husband as being held "in a dark cell, not seven feet square, without fire, or candle, chair, table, knife, fork, a glazed window, or even a book". In reply, the attorney general
670:
from the United Britons and was convicted of treason and hanged in June. While its suggestion of a mass movement primed for insurrection had been scarcely credible, it was sufficient proof of the intent to invite and encourage a French invasion.
247:
and, uniquely in Ireland, modern languages. These subjects would not have been neglected when from age eight, Despard began to acquire "the character, the manner, and the habits of a gentleman, and a soldier" as a page in the household of the
653:
In December 1797 Coigly returned from France with news of French plans for an invasion, but on 28 February 1798, when seeking again to cross the Channel in a party of five he and Arthur O'Connor were arrested. O'Connor, able to call
423:
When following Despard's arrest in 1798, the government sought to discredit Catherine's articulate intercessions on her husband's behalf, they thought it sufficient to observe that she was of the "fair sex". On the floor of the
373:
or free negro has an equal chance". Despard also set aside lands for common use (a reversal of the enclosures to which his family had been party in Ireland) and sought to keep food prices down “for the poorer sort of people”.
914:
hearing me. But though His Majesty’s Ministers know as well as I do that I am not guilty, yet they avail themselves of a legal pretext to destroy a man, because he has been a friend to truth, to liberty, and to justice
611:. At a time when the Irish movement was turning increasingly towards the prospects for a French-assisted insurrection, Despard would have found it represented in LCS and other radical circles in London, by the brothers
436:
suggested that Catherine was being used as a mouthpiece by political subversives: "it was a well-written letter, and the fair sex would pardon him, if he said it was a little beyond their style in general".
829:
It is possible that Despard had been little more than an intended figurehead for a rising, chosen as someone who gained some public notoriety and sympathy for his harsh imprisonment in Cold Bath Fields.
2117:
1536:
1448:
2119:
A Caribbean Coupling Beyond Black and White: The Interracial Marriage of Catherine and Edward Marcus Despard and its Implications for British Views on Race, Class, and Gender during the Age of Reform
1538:
A Caribbean Coupling Beyond Black and White: The Interracial Marriage of Catherine and Edward Marcus Despard and its Implications for British Views on Race, Class, and Gender during the Age of Reform
1450:
A Caribbean Coupling Beyond Black and White: The Interracial Marriage of Catherine and Edward Marcus Despard and its Implications for British Views on Race, Class, and Gender during the Age of Reform
953:. On the day of the funeral (held 1 March to allow their son James, who was serving in the French army, to return from Paris), people lined the street from their last residence in Lambeth, across
905:
With the hangman's noose loosely around his neck, Despard stepped to the edge of the platform, and addressed a crowd, estimated at twenty thousand (until the funeral of Lord Nelson following the
929:
After Despard was hanged and his body decapitated, the executioner held the head by the hair to the view of the populace and exclaimed "This is the head of a traitor, Edward Marcus Despard".
612:
333:
from the Spanish, for which he received a royal commendation and the rank of colonel. While leading reconnoitring missions, Despard again worked intimately with the African-Indian Miskitos
925:
I have little more to add, except to wish you all health, happiness and freedom, which I have endeavoured, as far as was in my power, to procure for you, and for mankind in general.
512:
was now at war, and in both Britain and Ireland some of his more ardent admirers were beginning to consider universal franchise and annual parliaments a cause for physical force.
2384:
2364:
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dragging the sentenced to the gallows in a carriage without wheels. Seated for the purpose of the drawing backwards upon hay bales and bumped across the cobbled courtyard of
987:
famous waxworks in London showcased an effigy of Edward Despard, using him as one of the first British criminals to be featured in her ‘Adjoining Room’, now known as the
2289:
2404:
1192:
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again solicit a French invasion. The roving McCabe (Belfast, Dublin, Glasgow, Manchester, London, Hamburg, Paris) was to take up the role that had been Coigly's .
445:
1056:
Linebaugh, Peter (2003), "'A dish with one spoon': American experience and the transformation of three officers of the crown", in Thomas Bartlett et al. (eds.),
701:
During this time the authorities saw the hand not only of English radicals but also, with a large Irish contingent among the sailors, of United Irishmen in the
2374:
1707:
791:. Government informers named him as the ringleader of a United Britons conspiracy that engaged, alongside day-labourers and journeymen, no fewer than 300
475:
Without a further commission and having been pursued by his enemies in the Bay with lawsuits, in London Despard found himself confined for two years in a
1942:
Protestant exiles from France, chiefly in the reign of Louis XIV; or, The Huguenot refugees and their descendants in Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 1
2184:
302:
and others of mixed-ancestry. In "forming and coordinating the gangs of workers whose labour was his triumph", it has been suggested that Despard was "
2064:
Freedom, Humanity, and Justice: A Tale at the Crossroads of Commons and Closure, of Love and Terror, of Race and Class, and of Kate and Ned Despard
249:
1350:
365:). As directed from London, Despard sought to accommodate British subjects, the "Shoremen", displaced in the evacuation agreed with the Spanish (
2354:
1926:
The Trial of Edward Marcus Despard, Esquire: For High Treason, at the Session House, Newington, Surrey, On Monday the Seventh of February, 1803
382:
570:
In the summer of 1795 crowds shouting "No war, no Pitt, cheap bread" attacked the prime minister's residence in Downing Street and surrounded
165:, gained notoriety as a colonial administrator for refusing to recognise racial distinctions in law and, following his recall to London, as a
2409:
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reported he had been found in bed with "a black woman" (his wife, Catherine). Along with around thirty others, he was held without charge in
2414:
1992:
1901:
The trial of Edward Marcus Despard for high treason : at the Session House, Newington, Surry, on Monday the seventh of February, 1803
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Despard may also have been swayed by what he observed in his home county of Queens. Government informers were reporting that while the
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carriage he assumed was his, "and there appeared a flashy Creole and a flashy young lady on his arm, and they both stepped into it".
1701:
497:, it was a vindication of the "wild and Levelling principle of Universal Equality" he had been accused of administering in the Bay.
389:"the cause of electoral representation struck no chord with Grenville": he had bought his own seat in Parliament and had served as
2394:
819:
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In the Bay Despard's work was undone. By the 1820s the settlement would have seven legally distinct castes based on skin colour.
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crowds had come nightly to surround the jail and there had been difficulty finding workmen willing to construct the scaffold.
378:
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548:
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1563:
Emsley, Clive (1985). "Repression, 'terror', and the rule of law in England during the decade of the French Revolution".
964:, who with Horne Tooke had assisted in the defence, helped arrange a pension. She spent some time in Ireland, a guest of
833:
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The government swooped on the London Corresponding Society. On 10 March, Despard was detained at lodgings in Soho, where
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After his death, there was a report of Catherine Despard being taken under the "protection" of Lady Nelson. The MP Sir
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descent, and Jane Despard (née Walsh). With neighbouring gentry, his father and grandfather enlarged their estate by
713:
clubist". Further repressive measures followed. The Corresponding Societies were comprehensively suppressed and the
607:") "to obtain an equal, full and adequate representation of all the people of Ireland" in a sovereign parliament in
796:
216:, the youngest of eight surviving children (six sons, two daughters) of William Despard, a protestant landowner of
1940:
440:
At the time of the Despards' arrival in London, the virtue of openly mixed-race marriages was being championed by
866:
177:
and United Britons led to his trial and execution in 1803 as the alleged ringleader of a plot to assassinate the
1354:
1301:
Campbell, Mavis (2003). "St George's Cay: Genesis of the British Settlement of Belize – Anglo-Spanish Rivalry".
1669:
1334:
587:), which outlawed "seditious" gatherings and rendered even the "contemplation" of force a treasonable offence.
428:
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with his wife during which, according to reports, "the Colonel betrayed nothing like an unbecoming weakness".
433:
224:
to which their tenants had had traditional access. This contributed, in Despard's childhood years, to local
2379:
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which concluded the war in 1783, Despard was made Superintendent of the British logwood concessions in the
310:
170:
128:
1401:
938:
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366:
1214:
The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners, and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic
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Catherine Despard's final service to her husband was to insist on his hereditary right to be buried in
702:
600:
544:
322:
253:
174:
124:
1624:"'Womanish Epistles?' Martha McTier, Female Epistolarity and Late Eighteenth-Century Irish Radicalism"
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of April and May 1797. They seized upon the leading role of Valentine Joyce at Spithead, described by
893:
Edward Despard and his six co-defendants were hanged and decapitated on the roof of the gatehouse at
659:
326:
2359:
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340:
2266:
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Meanwhile, in England, the influx of refugees from Ireland, the angry response of workers to the
750:
635:
38:
1501:
1265:. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology. Bulletin 106. p. 48.
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Despard, who at his trial Coigly had admitted meeting, remained in contact with United Irishman
1831:
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501:
345:
261:
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the largest gathering London had witnessed), with words Catherine may have helped him prepare:
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71:
1182:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Despard appears as a character in the fifth series of the popular British television drama
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417:
314:
2185:"Was Colonel Ned Despard A Real Person? 'Poldark's New Character Has An Interesting Story"
8:
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267:
In 1766, aged fifteen, Despard followed his older brothers – one of whom,
1525:"Petition by Settlers against Despard's Constitution" (1788) cited in Jay (2004), p. 153
1899:
1776:"Information from F. Higgins, 27 June 1797: I.S.P.O., 620/18/14", Elliott (1977), p. 47
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630:, a Catholic priest who had risen to prominence among the United Irishmen during the
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405:
678:, and was reported as frequenting seditious conclaves in various London ale houses.
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1808:
The Floating Republic: An Account of the Mutinies at Spithead and the Nore in 1797
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had been "put down" it was "by no means suppressed. The blaze is only smothered".
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and other state prisoners, Dowdall had been in contact with the young militants
32:
1716:
1263:
Ethnographical Survey of the Miskito and Sumu Indians of Honduras and Nicaragua
1005:
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532:
330:
318:
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1435:
Free Women and the Making of Colonial Jamaican Economy and Society, 1760–1834
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280:
2125:. Durham, North Carolina: Graduate School of Duke University. pp. 51–52
1544:. Durham, North Carolina: Graduate School of Duke University. pp. 37–38
243:, which, looking beyond basic literacy, instructed children in mathematics,
1763:
1082:
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698:. Despard, despite Catherine's lobbying efforts, was held for three years.
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in his defence, was acquitted. Coigly had been caught with a letter to the
627:
599:(LCS), and was quickly taken on to its central committee. He also took the
490:
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276:
268:
244:
209:
110:
53:
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695:
294:, Despard served as a defence-works engineer and in 1772 was promoted to
114:
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without being persuaded of the urgency of extending votes to Catholics.
1898:
Despard, Edward Marcus; Gurney, Joseph; Gurney, William Brodie (1803).
1201:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 101.
571:
313:
Despard served with distinction in sea-borne descents upon the Spanish
298:. His work required him to lead "motley crews", including free blacks,
295:
264:
philosopher and historian attended Hertford as the embassy secretary.
257:
178:
1608:
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who had been detained with Despard in 1798. Catherine Despard died in
341:"Without distinction of colour": Superintendent of the Bay of Honduras
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Despard's purpose. This he claimed had been not only to rend the new
620:
520:
509:
284:
256:(1765–66). It is possible that the young Despard was acquainted with
236:
225:
221:
162:
1599:
Smith, A. W. (1995). "Irish Rebels and English Radicals 1798–1820".
420:", their marriage does not appear to have been publicly challenged.
325:
of 1780. Two years later he commanded the British force that in the
528:
466:
Etching by Barlow, based on sketch taken at his trial, January 1803
444:. Equiano, touring with his autobiography and abolitionist polemic
217:
201:
563:(Grenville's cousin) renewed what was to have been an eight-month
349:
Territory conceded by Spain to British settlers for cutting timber
1993:"Poldark: The remarkable true story behind character Ned Despard"
1754:
Elliott, Marianne (May 1977). "The 'Despard Plot' Reconsidered".
949:, a campaign she won despite protests to the government from the
890:, Despard burst out laughing. The sentence was not passed again.
780:
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of 1799 and 1800 rendered union activity among workers criminal.
710:
639:
462:
413:
370:
291:
272:
232:
205:
184:
1437:(PhD thesis, History Department, University of Cambridge, 2018).
399:
1939:
Agnew, David (1886). "Book First – Chapter 10 – Section VIII".
957:, towards St Paul's, at which point they dispersed in silence.
608:
555:. When in May 1794 an attempt to indict the radical English MP
362:
189:
75:
1083:"Ballitore Quaker School and its unique curriculum, 1726–1836"
945:, an old graveyard that had been subsumed within the walls of
1479:. Oakland: University of California Press. pp. 365–367.
920:
every principle inimical to the interests of the human race.
849:
the last twenty years." The same was conceded by General Sir
1456:. Durham, North Carolina: Graduate School of Duke University
2214:
Colonel Despard: The Life and Times of an Anglo-Irish Rebel
1122:
Colonel Despard: The Life and Times of an Anglo-Irish Rebel
720:
1280:(2nd ed.). New York: Allen & Unwin. p. 541.
881:
Edward Despard addresses the crowd at his execution, 1803.
527:
attending, was broken up by the authorities on charges of
504:
in 1794, Paine had been forced to take refuge in the new
1030:"Despard, Edward Marcus | Dictionary of Irish Biography"
447:
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of ... The African
857:
who similarly testified to Despard's military service.
2385:
Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War
2365:
People executed for treason against the United Kingdom
1235:
1233:
1144:
Klibansky, Raymond, and Ernest C. Mossner, eds. 1954.
1004:. The screenplay is based on the historical novels of
574:
in procession to Parliament. There was also a riot at
470:
1945:(3rd ed.). For Private Circulation. p. 204
1205:
822:
in a Special Commission on Monday, 7 February 1803.
404:
Before leaving the Bay, in 1790 Despard had married
1904:. unknown library. London : Sold by M. Gurney.
1897:
1230:
1849:"Dowdall, William | Dictionary of Irish Biography"
1700:
16:Irish officer in the service of the British Crown
2316:
1833:The United Irishmen, Their Lives and Times: v. 1
1211:
1924:Gurney, William Brodie; Gurney, Joseph (1803).
1805:
1124:. Cambridge MA: Da Capo Press. pp. 25–26.
1468:
725:With hostilities with France suspended by the
228:disturbances (well remembered by his niece).
185:Ireland, and military service in the Caribbean
102:Soldier, colonial administrator, revolutionary
2405:Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment officers
2259:Unfortunate Colonel Despard and Other Studies
1163:Unfortunate Colonel Despard and Other Studies
694:, a recently rebuilt high-security prison in
271:(1745–1829), was to rise to the rank of full
169:conspirator. Despard's associations with the
157:(1751 – 21 February 1803), an
2375:19th-century executions by England and Wales
2274:. Irish in Britain History Group. p. 5.
1923:
1795:. Irish in Britain History Group. p. 5.
1711:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
783:. Taken in chains to be interrogated by the
2264:
2067:. Oakland: University of California Press.
1785:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
377:To the suggestion from the Home Secretary,
1806:Manwaring, George; Dobree, Bonamy (1935).
1216:. Boston: Beacon Press. pp. 258–261.
1212:Linebaugh, Peter; Rediker, Marcus (2000).
500:By the time Despard was released from the
457:
408:, the daughter of a free black woman from
321:(and attained the rank of captain) in the
31:
2060:
2054:
1990:
1639:
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2246:. University of California Press, 2019.
2027:"The Despard Plot, Trial, and Execution"
1872:
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721:Return to Ireland and renewed engagement
638:. Meetings were held at Furnival's Inn,
461:
344:
188:
1875:The Making of the English Working Class
1836:. J. Madden & Company. p. 212.
1753:
1708:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1621:
1615:
1161:Oman, Charles William Chadwick (1922),
863:union between Great Britain and Ireland
495:Reflections on the Revolution in France
2317:
2268:United Irishmen, the London Connection
2115:
1829:
1789:United Irishmen, the London Connection
1562:
1556:
1534:
1528:
1446:
1320:
1318:
1316:
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966:Valentine Lawless, 2nd Baron Cloncurry
844:in Despard's defence: "We went on the
559:for treason misfired with a jury, the
252:, Ambassador to France (1763–65), and
148:Death by hanging followed by beheading
2355:People of the Irish Rebellion of 1798
2182:
2097:(London), Tuesday, February 22, 1803.
1938:
1846:
1810:. London: Geoffrey Bles. p. 101.
1698:
1667:
1656:
1598:
1500:Blackburn, Robin (21 November 2005).
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1393:
1329:. London: Bantam Press. p. 147.
1275:
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1113:
1052:
1050:
1027:
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836:, then famous for his victory in the
329:recovered British settlements on the
2410:Military personnel from County Laois
1378:Linebaugh and Rediker (2000), p. 273
1023:
1021:
549:Society of the Friends of the People
2415:18th-century British Army personnel
1877:. New York: Pantheon. p. 527.
1399:
1349:
1324:
1313:
1081:Brannigan, Cyril (1 January 1985).
400:Catherine Despard, "mixed" marriage
222:enclosing "waste", and parish, land
200:Edward Despard was born in 1751 in
13:
2297:Superintendent of British Honduras
2116:Gillis, Bernadette (August 2014).
1991:Salisbury, Josh (15 August 2019).
1535:Gillis, Bernadette (August 2014).
1390:
1278:History of the British West Indies
1047:
840:, made a dramatic appearance as a
787:the next day, he was charged with
14:
2426:
2370:Executed people from County Laois
1018:
751:Rebellion that had flared in 1798
590:
551:were sentenced to fourteen years
193:A friend from Caribbean service,
2257:Oman, Charles William Chadwick.
1928:. London: M Gurney. p. 176.
1303:The Journal of Caribbean History
1175:
763:
2229:The Unfortunate Colonel Despard
2206:
2183:Fearn, Rebecca (21 July 2019).
2176:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2109:
2100:
2088:
2045:
2019:
2010:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1932:
1917:
1908:
1891:
1866:
1840:
1830:Madden, Richard Robert (1846).
1823:
1814:
1799:
1779:
1770:
1692:
1592:
1583:
1519:
1440:
1427:
1387:Jay (2004) pp. 145–147, 158–159
1381:
1372:
1343:
1327:The Unfortunate Colonel Despard
1269:
1254:
1245:
1059:1798: A Bicentenary Perspective
2395:Irish people of French descent
2163:What Regency Women Did for Us.
1155:
1138:
1074:
523:, with delegates from English
385:, recalled Despard to London.
161:officer in the service of the
1:
2400:Governors of British Honduras
2216:. Combined Publishing, 2000.
1972:quoted Linebaugh (2019) p. 39
1408:. Vol. 41, no. 14.
1165:. London, Burt Franklin. p. 2
1011:
68:21 February 1803 (aged 51-52)
1732:UK public library membership
872:
807:. Despard was prosecuted by
681:
597:London Corresponding Society
541:London Corresponding Society
311:American War of Independence
290:Posted with his regiment to
171:London Corresponding Society
129:London Corresponding Society
7:
2244:Red Round Globe Hot Burning
1502:"The True Story of Equiano"
1477:Red Round Globe Hot Burning
1447:Gillis, Bernadette (2014).
932:
867:hanged, drawn and quartered
565:suspension of Habeas Corpus
391:Chief Secretary for Ireland
275: – into the
231:Despard was boarded at the
10:
2431:
2390:People imprisoned for debt
2143:Linbaugh (2019), pp. 21–23
1622:Kennedy, Catriona (2004).
1577:10.1093/ehr/C.CCCXCVII.801
1402:"Riot, Revolt, Revolution"
1400:Jay, Mike (18 July 2019).
1261:Conzemius, Philip (1932).
767:
703:Spithead and Nore mutinies
254:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
125:Society of United Irishmen
2345:19th-century Irish people
2340:18th-century Irish people
2303:
2294:
2286:
2281:
2265:O'Broin, Seoirse (1986).
2165:Barnsley: Pen and Sword,
2061:Linebaugh, Peter (2019).
1786:O'Broin, Seoirse (1986).
1674:18th–19th-Century History
1641:10.1080/09612020400200404
1565:English Historical Review
1475:Linebaugh, Peter (2019).
1146:New Letters of David Hume
1120:Conner, Clifford (2000).
1087:Irish Educational Studies
660:Richard Brinsley Sheridan
644:French landing in Ireland
508:, with which the British
367:Convention of London 1786
327:Battle of the Black River
144:
134:
120:
106:
98:
90:
82:
64:
45:
30:
23:
2350:Executed revolutionaries
2325:People from County Laois
2161:Knowles, Rachel (2017),
1873:Thompson, E. P. (1964).
1820:Linebaugh (2019), p. 317
1251:Conner (2000), pp. 47–48
1099:10.1080/0332331850050218
795:in plans to assassinate
561:ministry of William Pitt
471:Pitt's "Reign of Terror"
2106:Jay (2008), pp. 307–308
2051:Jay (2008), pp. 300–304
1914:Jay 2004), pp. 276, 288
1699:Davis, Michael (2008).
1355:"A vision for humanity"
1198:Encyclopædia Britannica
1150:Oxford University Press
731:Fort George in Scotland
525:corresponding societies
458:Irish radical in London
2261:. Burt Franklin, 1922.
2231:. Bantam Press, 2004.
1717:10.1093/ref:odnb/95956
1628:Women's History Review
1589:Jay (2004) pp. 231–232
1406:London Review of Books
1193:Despard, Edward Marcus
927:
882:
626:In the summer of 1797
581:Seditious Meetings Act
467:
350:
317:. He fought alongside
306:" in his sympathies".
262:Scottish enlightenment
197:
2212:Conner, Clifford D.,
2095:The Morning Chronicle
1847:Quinn, James (2009).
1668:Keogh, Dáire (1998).
1063:, Four Courts Press,
1028:Quinn, James (2009).
911:
895:Horsemonger Lane Gaol
888:Horsemonger Lane Gaol
880:
743:William Putnam McCabe
465:
348:
192:
155:Edward Marcus Despard
72:Horsemonger Lane Gaol
25:Edward Marcus Despard
1764:10.1093/past/75.1.46
1670:"An Unfortunate Man"
1276:Burns, Alan (1965).
951:Lord Mayor of London
315:Kingdom of Guatemala
279:. He enrolled as an
260:in Paris, where the
212:(now Laois), in the
86:Execution by hanging
2380:Royal Navy officers
2282:Government offices
1702:"United Englishmen"
970:Somers Town, London
947:St Paul's Cathedral
907:Battle of Trafalgar
793:Grenadier Guardsmen
632:Armagh Disturbances
595:Despard joined the
515:In October 1793, a
502:King's Bench Prison
323:San Juan expedition
83:Cause of death
52:Coolrain, Camross,
2242:Linebaugh, Peter.
2033:. 10 November 2017
2016:Jay (2008) pp. 2–3
1981:Jay (2008), p. 301
1963:Jay (2008), p. 297
1756:Past & Present
1601:Past & Present
1325:Jay, Mike (2004).
1071:, (pp. 642–657 ).
989:Chamber of Horrors
980:In popular culture
955:Blackfriars Bridge
883:
838:Battle of the Nile
820:Lord Chief Justice
517:British Convention
468:
351:
214:Kingdom of Ireland
198:
58:Kingdom of Ireland
2313:
2312:
2304:Succeeded by
2152:Jay (2008) p. 310
1730:(Subscription or
1359:www.aljazeera.com
842:character witness
816:Lord Ellenborough
676:Valentine Lawless
656:Charles James Fox
152:
151:
2422:
2287:Preceded by
2279:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2180:
2174:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2124:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1895:
1889:
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1870:
1864:
1863:
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1844:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1803:
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1777:
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1768:
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1751:
1736:
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1727:
1725:
1723:
1704:
1696:
1690:
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1685:
1665:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1596:
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1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1543:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1517:
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1514:
1512:
1497:
1491:
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1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1455:
1444:
1438:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1322:
1311:
1310:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1159:
1153:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1078:
1072:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1025:
812:Spencer Perceval
809:Attorney General
758:Combination Acts
727:Treaty of Amiens
715:Combination Laws
668:French Directory
650:Coigly's party.
557:John Horne Tooke
537:Maurice Margarot
489:. A response to
479:. There he read
145:Criminal penalty
35:
21:
20:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2360:United Irishmen
2315:
2314:
2309:
2300:
2292:
2271:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2181:
2177:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1937:
1933:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1845:
1841:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1804:
1800:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1752:
1739:
1729:
1721:
1719:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1666:
1657:
1620:
1616:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1571:(31): 801–825.
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1498:
1494:
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1337:
1323:
1314:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1274:
1270:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1210:
1206:
1191:, ed. (1911). "
1176:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1156:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1118:
1114:
1079:
1075:
1055:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1026:
1019:
1014:
985:Madame Tussauds
982:
962:Francis Burdett
935:
875:
805:Bank of England
801:Tower of London
797:King George III
772:
766:
723:
692:Coldbath Fields
684:
593:
543:and their host
506:French Republic
477:debtors' prison
473:
460:
442:Olaudah Equiano
402:
359:Bay of Honduras
343:
335:Olaudah Equiano
187:
175:United Irishmen
135:Criminal charge
78:
69:
60:
50:
41:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2428:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
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2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2302:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2262:
2255:
2252:978-0520299467
2240:
2237:978-1472144065
2225:
2222:978-1580970266
2208:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2175:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2108:
2099:
2087:
2074:978-0520299467
2073:
2053:
2044:
2018:
2009:
1997:Southwark News
1983:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1931:
1916:
1907:
1890:
1883:
1865:
1839:
1822:
1813:
1798:
1778:
1769:
1737:
1691:
1655:
1614:
1591:
1582:
1555:
1527:
1518:
1492:
1486:978-0520299467
1485:
1467:
1439:
1426:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1351:Barkawi, Tarak
1342:
1335:
1312:
1293:
1287:978-0849019890
1286:
1268:
1253:
1244:
1229:
1223:978-0807050071
1222:
1204:
1189:Chisholm, Hugh
1167:
1154:
1137:
1131:978-1580970266
1130:
1112:
1093:(2): 302–314.
1073:
1046:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1006:Winston Graham
981:
978:
943:City of London
934:
931:
874:
871:
799:and seize the
768:Main article:
765:
762:
735:Thomas Russell
722:
719:
709:as "seditious
683:
680:
617:Roger O'Connor
592:
591:United Britons
589:
553:transportation
533:Joseph Gerrald
472:
469:
459:
456:
434:Sir John Scott
429:John Courtenay
401:
398:
383:Lord Grenville
355:Peace of Paris
342:
339:
319:Horatio Nelson
241:County Kildare
210:Queen's County
195:Horatio Nelson
186:
183:
150:
149:
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141:
136:
132:
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54:Queen's County
51:
47:
43:
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37:Attributed to
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2190:
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2179:
2172:
2171:1-4738-8224-9
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2140:
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2091:
2076:
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2057:
2048:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2013:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1944:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1920:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1884:9780394703220
1880:
1876:
1869:
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1835:
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1826:
1817:
1809:
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1522:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1452:
1451:
1443:
1436:
1433:Erin Trahey,
1430:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1394:
1384:
1375:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1338:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1309:(2): 171–203.
1308:
1304:
1297:
1289:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1264:
1257:
1248:
1241:
1240:Chisholm 1911
1236:
1234:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1184:public domain
1171:
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1069:1-85182-430-8
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851:Alured Clarke
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831:
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823:
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785:Privy Council
782:
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764:Treason trial
761:
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728:
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664:Henry Grattan
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576:Charing Cross
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486:Rights of Man
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418:Age of Reform
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361:(present-day
360:
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331:Miskito Coast
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285:the 50th Foot
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99:Occupation(s)
97:
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81:
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67:
63:
59:
56:(now Laois),
55:
48:
44:
40:
39:George Romney
34:
29:
22:
19:
2307:Peter Hunter
2295:
2290:James Lawrie
2267:
2258:
2243:
2228:
2213:
2207:Bibliography
2192:. Retrieved
2188:
2178:
2162:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2127:. Retrieved
2118:
2111:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2063:
2056:
2047:
2035:. Retrieved
2030:
2021:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1996:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1941:
1934:
1925:
1919:
1910:
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