180:
159:
137:, and was flawed in that it produced a strong voice. However, more recent mechanical larynxes have demonstrated similar voice production to commercially available electrolarynxes. Electrolarynxes were introduced in the 1940s, at a time when esophageal speech was being promoted as the best course in speech recovery; however, since that technique is difficult to master, the electrolarynx became quite popular. Since then, medical procedures, such as the
208:
Traditional electrolarynxes produce a monotone buzz that the user articulates into speech sounds, resulting in the characteristic "robotlike" voice quality. However, in the 1990s, research and commercial multi-tone devices began to be developed, including discrete-tone devices using
200:
People are really very kind once they realize what the situation is. I may go into a restaurant once, and if I go back there a year later, and it's the same woman at the front desk, she'll say, "Where have you been? We haven't seen you for a while." So, I feel like a movie
545:
Krishnan, Giri; Du, Charles; Fishman, Jonathan M.; Foreman, Andrew; Lott, David G.; Farwell, Gregory; Belafsky, Peter; Krishnan, Suren; Birchall, Martin A. (August 2017). "The current status of human laryngeal transplantation in 2017: A state of the field review".
192:
The use of an electrolarynx can cause social issues, for instance difficulty ordering food, drinks, or other items in noisy environments; or, when answering a telephone, having the caller respond, "Am I talking to a computer?"
204:
I'm really very blessed in my life. I am happier now, without my voice, than I've ever been with my voice. It's a small price to pay for being alive and enjoying life. So I am very happy where I am now.
94:" electronic music device, which delivers the basis of the speech sound via a tube placed in the mouth. Earlier non-electric devices were called mechanical larynxes. Along with developing
859:
598:
921:
Kubert, Heather L.; Stepp, Cara E.; Zeitels, Steven M.; Gooey, John E.; Walsh, Michael J.; Prakash, S. R.; Hillman, Robert E.; Heaton, James T. (2009-01-19).
408:
661:
141:, and the rarely performed laryngeal transplantation surgery, have been created to enable speech without continued dependence on a handheld device.
870:
814:
Wan, Congying; Wang, Erqiang; Wu, Liang; Wang, Supin (2012). "Design and evaluation of an electrolarynx with
Mandarin tone-control function".
786:
261:
334:
221:
such as
English to have a more natural speaking voice, some of these newer devices have allowed speakers of tonal languages such as
209:
multiple-position switches or multiple buttons; as well as variable-tone devices controlled by single pressure-sensitive buttons,
831:
217:-like input devices, or even electrical detection of the movement of neck muscles. In addition to allowing speakers of non-
709:
638:
162:
483:
758:
196:
However, quality-of-life improvements due to electrolarynx usage are generally significant. One user states:
866:
369:
138:
28:
305:
431:
342:
239:
86:. The most common device is a handheld, battery-operated device pressed against the skin under the
462:
790:
102:, or undergoing a surgical procedure, the electrolarynx serves as a mode of speech recovery for
297:
648:
400:
354:
90:
which produces vibrations to allow speech; other variations include a device similar to the "
981:
976:
416:
392:
110:
83:
75:
8:
439:
74:", is a medical device about the size of a small electric razor used to produce clearer
947:
922:
837:
579:
362:
218:
99:
860:"Development of an Electrolarynx Capable of Supporting Tonal Distinctions in Mandarin"
272:
Emilio
Sanchez, one of the residents of the Lawrence Hilton Jacobs housing project on
952:
827:
571:
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374:
318:
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841:
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923:"Electromyographic control of a hands-free electrolarynx using neck strap muscles"
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599:"Design and Evaluation of a Mechanically Driven Artificial Speech Device"
516:
Speaking with a Dead Man's Voice by Organ
Transplant Surgery | Only Human
290:
134:
540:
538:
233:
Fictional characters notable for their use of an electrolarynx include:
643:
559:
326:
282:
166:
614:
816:
2012 International
Conference on Audio, Language and Image Processing
762:
535:
210:
126:
114:
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504:
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being understood despite using a traditional monotone electrolarynx
214:
91:
683:
521:
274:
255:
501:
687:. South East Coast Laryngectomy Support Groups (UK). 2011-03-09
79:
633:
Forman, Rene; Reiman, Nadia; Esty-Kendall, Jud; radio station
634:
894:
858:
Shakya, Bicky; Bharam, Vishal; Merchen, Alexander (2014).
117:
in speech is И, approximating the symbol for electricity.
380:
186:(8:58), South East Coast Laryngectomy Support Groups (UK)
544:
481:
920:
387:, for his first three years in the company (1997–1999)
857:
512:
486:. Eastern Virginia Medical School. Archived from
968:
129:mechanical larynx was developed in the 1920s by
639:"Using A New Voice To Enjoy Life After Cancer"
813:
703:
701:
163:Using A New Voice To Enjoy Life After Cancer
596:
895:"Electrolarynx Speech Aid » by Labex"
781:
779:
738:"Servox Digital Electro Larynx Speech Aid"
698:
228:
946:
916:
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853:
851:
16:Handheld device to produce clearer speech
732:
730:
671:
669:
597:Tuttle, Tyler; Erath, Byron (Mar 2018).
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969:
911:
848:
809:
807:
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303:Komtuan, the crime lord from the film
727:
710:"Whispers on the Web - December 2004"
707:
666:
628:
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624:
78:by those people who have lost their
804:
513:Only Human; Cineflix (2018-06-20).
13:
927:Journal of Communication Disorders
621:
14:
993:
678:Communication after laryngectomy
184:Communication after laryngectomy
178:
157:
887:
603:ASME Journal of Medical Devices
759:"Nu-Vois III Electro-Larynges"
708:Helms, Dutch (December 2004).
590:
482:Department of Otolaryngology.
475:
340:Sheriff Jerry/Angela Baker in
70:, sometimes referred to as a "
1:
939:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2008.12.002
867:Trinity College (Connecticut)
468:
348:Smokie Martling, a parody of
288:Heathrow, Madea's brother in
787:"The TruTone™ Electrolarynx"
225:to speak more intelligibly.
139:tracheo-oesophageal puncture
7:
824:10.1109/ICALIP.2012.6376692
446:
120:
10:
998:
309:, notable as a speaker of
306:Ong-Bak: Muay Thai Warrior
484:"Electrolaryngeal Speech"
237:Agents of "Leviathan" on
177:
172:
156:
151:
146:
53:
40:
35:
26:
21:
458:Larynx § Treatments
360:The Smoking Family from
343:Return to Sleepaway Camp
332:Sawyer the Cleaner from
660:Also hear the audio at
463:Silent speech interface
229:Notable fictional users
22:Electrolaryngeal speech
789:. 2008. Archived from
298:A Madea Family Funeral
206:
649:National Public Radio
401:Community (TV series)
355:The Howard Stern Show
198:
113:for electrolaryngeal
818:. pp. 627–631.
429:Walter Wingfield in
393:Saints Row The Third
324:Ned Gerblanski from
133:. It did not run on
111:Voice Quality Symbol
84:cancer of the larynx
409:Night Terror (Film)
876:on August 10, 2017
560:10.1002/lary.26503
264:(Jack Axelrod) on
100:speech synthesizer
833:978-1-4673-0174-9
615:10.1115/1.4038222
453:Esophageal speech
426:(Malayalam Movie)
262:Electrolarynx Guy
190:
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82:, usually due to
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761:. Archived from
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712:. Archived from
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554:(8): 1861–1868.
548:The Laryngoscope
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510:
499:
498:
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479:
406:The Killer from
311:a tonal language
223:Mandarin Chinese
182:
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144:
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131:Western Electric
96:esophageal voice
57:
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31:
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19:
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480:
476:
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449:
432:Say It Isn't So
414:Glory Dodge in
398:Evil Troy from
363:Chewin' The Fat
350:Jackie Martling
267:My Name Is Earl
231:
219:tonal languages
203:
202:
179:
158:
125:Initially, the
123:
55:
47:
42:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
995:
985:
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962:
933:(3): 211–225.
910:
899:labextrade.com
886:
847:
832:
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793:on 24 May 2008
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424:Abraham Ozhler
422:Krishnadas in
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280:Gray Baker in
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245:Alpha 60 from
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213:, gyroscopes,
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765:on 2016-07-24
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609:(1): 011002.
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437:Sani Crow in
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417:North Country
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68:electrolarynx
59:
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39:
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25:
20:
930:
926:
902:. Retrieved
898:
889:
878:. Retrieved
871:the original
815:
795:. Retrieved
791:the original
767:. Retrieved
763:the original
753:
742:. Retrieved
718:. Retrieved
714:the original
689:. Retrieved
682:
677:
654:February 13,
652:. Retrieved
642:
606:
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592:
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547:
526:. Retrieved
520:
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492:. Retrieved
488:the original
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335:Black Lagoon
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240:Agent Carter
238:
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104:laryngectomy
71:
67:
65:
982:Human voice
977:Laryngology
390:Zimos from
368:Stemroach (
316:Nassara in
291:Tyler Perry
253:Charlie in
135:electricity
72:throat back
48:И
971:Categories
904:2019-06-20
880:2016-08-10
797:2016-08-10
769:2016-08-19
744:2016-08-10
720:2016-08-19
691:2013-03-14
644:StoryCorps
528:2019-08-06
494:2013-03-14
469:References
327:South Park
319:Dry Season
283:Dead Again
248:Alphaville
211:trackballs
167:StoryCorps
106:patients.
98:, using a
568:1531-4995
383:wrestler
127:pneumatic
115:phonation
80:voice box
43:(decimal)
957:19233382
842:10867420
637:(2012).
584:24360597
576:28224630
447:See also
215:touchpad
165:(2:54),
121:Overview
92:talk box
88:mandible
54:Unicode
36:Encoding
948:3748802
684:YouTube
522:YouTube
440:Banshee
275:The PJs
256:Mad Max
201:star...
41:Entity
955:
945:
840:
830:
740:. 2016
582:
574:
566:
76:speech
60:U+0418
874:(PDF)
863:(PDF)
838:S2CID
580:S2CID
375:Ideal
372:) on
352:from
173:Video
152:Audio
56:(hex)
953:PMID
828:ISBN
656:2012
635:KCRW
572:PMID
564:ISSN
385:Kane
109:The
943:PMC
935:doi
820:doi
662:NPR
611:doi
556:doi
552:127
381:WWE
66:An
973::
951:.
941:.
931:42
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925:.
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850:^
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681:.
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641:.
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607:12
605:.
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293:'
29:И
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