54:
38:
2006:
61:
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367:, and the former wetlands and lake beds were drained and converted into cornfields. The formerly free-flowing Illinois River was dammed and confined to a narrow channel running between artificial banks. Much of Emiquon was low-lying and required periodic pumping with electric motors so that the land could remain dry and useful as farmland. It was the largest agricultural farm in Illinois.
809:
328:
of the
Illinois Territory for thousands of years, leaving 149 known archeological sites behind them within the parcels of land that make up the Project. These hunter-gatherers used and lived in and around both the wetlands of Emiquon and the adjacent river bluffs. During the centuries between 1000 CE
445:
The
Conservancy's long-range master plan for the Emiquon Project, meanwhile, included restoration of the parcel's natural drainage patterns to the maximum extent possible, including reconstruction of a free-flowing connection between the Illinois River and Thompson Lake. As of 2008, the refilled
428:
As of 2009, the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service's long-range master plan for the Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge including acquiring the Emiquon Project's land, building out the refuge's 11,122-acre (45.01 km) footprint, and enrolling the new Refuge into the Illinois River National Wildlife
421:, began to refill. As of 2008, Thompson Lake was a 2,000-acre (8.1 km) lake within the Project. This compares to the lake's original size of 1,800-acre (7.3 km) when it was a natural lake. The reborn lake and adjacent wetlands were attractive to waterbirds, with 17 separate species of
316:
carried southwest by the river created almost random, undulating topography along the river's bed. The river responded to these deposits by repeatedly shifting its course, leaving long, narrow sections of abandoned riverbed behind it. Two of these sections became Flag Lake and
Thompson Lake.
379:
lobbied for restoration of parts of the riverbed and former wetlands. After extended negotiations, the Nature
Conservancy acquired the 7,100-acre (29 km) property in 2000. In 2007, the Conservancy enrolled a 6,400-acre (26 km) parcel within the Project in the federally subsidized
340:. Local Indian populations declined, and the settlers tried not to live in or near wetlands, believing them to be unhealthy places to live. When Fulton County was organized in 1823, the settlers selected a blufftop location several miles away as the county seat.
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In 2017, the land was drained after being wet for 10 years to simulate a drought. Wetlands benefit from dry periods to compact soil and help plants grow, and birds benefit from catching fish in smaller pools.
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A population of local
Illinois River settlers thinly settled the Emiquon riverbank, which was too wet for traditional European-style farming. The region continued to yield a living to
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247:. Only 3,000 acres (12 km) are currently managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as part of the Illinois River National Wildlife and Fish Refuges Complex. It is in the
375:
Throughout the 20th century, alterations to the
Illinois riverbed caused severe damage to the ecological diversity and fish productivity of the river. Beginning in the 1960s,
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The
Emiquon Preserve visitor area is open year-round from sunrise to sunset. There are over 2 miles (3.2 km) of trails and two observation decks for viewing wildlife.
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When new
Americans of European ancestry began living along the Illinois River in the late 17th century, they brought several wetland diseases with them, notably
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Most of the wildlife refuge is made up of reclaimed agricultural land. A 7,100-acre (29 km) reclamation project within the Refuge, the
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1987:
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As of 2024, there are over 287 native species that make their home in
Emiquon. Emiquon also has challenges with invasive species such as
410:. The Conservancy believed that the Emiquon Project was the second largest wetlands restoration project in the United States, behind the
324:
characterized by dense populations of shellfish, fish, migratory birds, and mammals. The Emiquon wetland became a favorite home for many
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Surrounding these two lakes, and strung out along the western bank of the Illinois River, was a characteristic North American riverine
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Rothert, Brenda (May 6, 2007). "Emiquon's rebirth begins: Nature Conservancy planting 260,000 trees at preserve near Lewistown".
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2010:
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As part of the restoration efforts, drainage pumps were turned off and one of the natural lake beds within the Project,
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In addition to game fish, heritage fish were also planted in Flag Lake and Thompson Lake, such as the state-endangered
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676:
Young, Chris (May 29, 2007). "Emiquon Preserve Revival: Floodplain project begins to reap results from efforts".
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and other visitors to enjoy the reborn wetland. The Emiquon Project's location, within 40 miles (64 km) of
1863:
1535:
1457:
1419:
266:
27:
2678:
1560:
1409:
1199:
411:
1970:
1918:
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1928:
1485:
1470:
1319:
1128:
1077:
489:
363:, acquired the Emiquon area and had a levee built around it and drainage ditches dug. Emiquon became the
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1956:
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1219:
949:
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83:
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2017:
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262:
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In February 2012, the Emiquon Complex, centering on the Emiquon NWR, was designated under the
2427:
1424:
1414:
1279:
771:"Birders and nature lovers can't resist returning to Emiquon to see the rare and magnificent"
528:
run through the Emiquon Project. The state highways run concurrently in the Project region.
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1364:
1269:
1239:
723:
Thomas, Trent; Hilsabeck, Rob (August 2009). "Restoration of the Emiquon Fish Population".
305:
579:
8:
1369:
518:
opened a field station at Emiquon to conduct research and monitor restoration progress.
288:
The Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge and the Emiquon Project cover the historic beds of
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1908:
1550:
1244:
1042:
482:
478:
897:
2602:
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1329:
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273:
182:
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504:
244:
97:
37:
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845:
459:
447:
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2502:
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2457:
2437:
1951:
1092:
745:"Central Illinois' Emiquon Preserve, near Havana, attracts migrating waterfowl"
652:"Federal repeal of wetland protections shines light on Emiquon Nature Preserve"
508:
330:
301:
240:
850:
387:
By 2008, volunteers working with the Nature Conservancy had replanted 300,000
2642:
2587:
2572:
2537:
467:
329:
and 1300 CE, many of them buried their dead in an adjacent blufftop, now the
124:
111:
87:
69:
2542:
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1946:
1087:
395:
499:
The Conservancy also planned to construct welcome facilities to encourage
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1264:
500:
344:
2447:
376:
356:
831:
170:
795:
Young, Chris (April 26, 2008). "UIS opens field station at Emiquon".
493:
399:
352:
321:
251:
548:
455:
451:
2085:
1446:
463:
388:
337:
228:
696:"New gates at Emiquon further science of floodplain restoration"
496:. Thousands of migratory birds pass through the site each year.
446:
lakes were stocked with more than 30 species of fish, including
348:
613:
Browning, Laura M. (December 2008). "A Floodplain is Reborn".
42:
Sunrise at the Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge in July, 2011.
403:
422:
407:
391:
313:
309:
297:
2623:
Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge
360:
60:
2410:
304:
during the geological period that followed the last
2613:Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve
2640:
2533:Heron Pond – Little Black Slough Nature Preserve
406:, and 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg) of grassland
1978:
880:
722:
2087:National Wildlife Refuges of the United States
1111:List of National Natural Landmarks in Illinois
2396:
2071:
866:
2654:Protected areas of Fulton County, Illinois
2518:Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge
2403:
2389:
2078:
2064:
873:
859:
608:
606:
604:
602:
649:
2032:Illinois Department of Natural Resources
718:
716:
612:
2593:Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge
1988:Local forest and conservation districts
818:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
627:
599:
585:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
574:
572:
2641:
2488:Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge
1073:Abraham Lincoln National Heritage Area
768:
742:
693:
511:, was expected to help draw visitors.
370:
2659:National Wildlife Refuges in Illinois
2583:Olentangy River Wetland Research Park
2384:
2059:
1443:List of Illinois State Historic Sites
854:
794:
713:
675:
516:University of Illinois at Springfield
2684:Landforms of Fulton County, Illinois
2628:White River National Wildlife Refuge
2443:Cache River National Wildlife Refuge
2433:Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge
2423:Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge
2038:
1139:Wetlands of international importance
738:
736:
734:
689:
687:
650:Cutinello, Camryn (April 15, 2024).
645:
643:
641:
639:
569:
440:
249:Central forest-grasslands transition
30:IV (habitat/species management area)
2669:Protected areas established in 2000
2578:Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge
2568:Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge
2528:Grasslands Wildlife Management Area
1162:Chiwaukee Illinois Beach Lake Plain
431:Chautauqua National Wildlife Refuge
278:Wetland of International Importance
13:
2608:Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge
1051:Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie
816:from websites or documents of the
743:Sobota, Lenore (January 3, 2021).
694:Renken, Leslie (October 7, 2017).
580:"Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge"
14:
2700:
2674:Ramsar sites in the United States
2453:Cape May National Wildlife Refuge
2412:Ramsar sites in the United States
1681:Horseshoe Lake (Alexander County)
917:Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley
899:National Historic Sites and Parks
823:
731:
684:
636:
429:Refuge Complex, managed from the
227:is a 11,122-acre (45.01 km)
2598:Quivira National Wildlife Refuge
2548:Izembek National Wildlife Refuge
2508:Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge
2037:
2005:
2004:
812: This article incorporates
807:
769:Renken, Leslie (June 10, 2016).
507:and adjacent to the established
225:Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge
171:Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge
59:
52:
36:
21:Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge
2689:1993 establishments in Illinois
1121:National Wild and Scenic Rivers
788:
762:
296:, which were shallow, alluvial
269:in the creation of the Refuge.
669:
621:
541:
267:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
265:, which is a partner with the
161:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1:
534:
412:Restoration of the Everglades
470:. Several dozen fish-eating
144:11,122 acres (45.01 km)
7:
2365:U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
1129:Middle Fork Vermilion River
1078:Illinois and Michigan Canal
882:Protected areas of Illinois
433:'s headquarters in Havana.
231:wildlife refuge located in
10:
2705:
1103:National Natural Landmarks
472:black-crowned night herons
283:
2483:Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary
2418:
2093:
2000:
1969:
1937:
1854:
1609:
1494:
1456:
1433:
1190:
1181:
1147:Cache River-Cypress Creek
1137:
1119:
1101:
1059:
1041:
960:National Wildlife Refuges
958:
940:
888:
556:Sites Information Service
481:and the state-threatened
217:
213:
205:
197:
189:
180:
176:
166:
156:
148:
140:
103:
93:
79:
47:
35:
25:
20:
2513:Everglades National Park
1018:Middle Mississippi River
382:Wetlands Reserve Program
333:National Historic Site.
1751:Jim Edgar Panther Creek
1164:(shared with Wisconsin)
1033:Upper Mississippi River
237:Fulton County, Illinois
84:Fulton County, Illinois
2573:Niagara River Corridor
2523:Francis Beidler Forest
2498:Dixon Waterfowl Refuge
2473:Congaree National Park
1914:Sand Prairie-Scrub Oak
1285:Hennepin Canal Parkway
1157:Dixon Waterfowl Refuge
1065:National Heritage Area
814:public domain material
797:State Journal-Register
678:State Journal-Register
263:The Nature Conservancy
1884:Harry "Babe" Woodyard
1340:Mississippi Palisades
549:"The Emiquon Complex"
509:Dickson Mounds museum
125:40.32500°N 90.09167°W
2679:Wetlands of Illinois
2563:Laguna de Santa Rosa
1449:World Heritage Site)
1435:State Historic Sites
359:, a wealthy Chicago
2370:U.S. Virgin Islands
1856:State Natural Areas
1420:William G. Stratton
1305:James "Pate" Philip
1152:The Emiquon Complex
775:Peoria Journal Star
749:Peoria Journal Star
700:Peoria Journal Star
630:Peoria Journal Star
514:In April 2008, the
371:Restoration project
355:. However, in 1919
193:The Emiquon Complex
157:Governing body
130:40.32500; -90.09167
121: /
1909:Revis Hill Prairie
1899:Piney Creek Ravine
1879:Goose Lake Prairie
1874:Fults Hill Prairie
1551:North Point Marina
1531:Johnson-Sauk Trail
1410:White Pines Forest
1043:National Grassland
844:2006-12-20 at the
839:Nature Conservancy
483:starhead topminnow
479:redspotted sunfish
474:had also arrived.
233:Waterford Township
206:Reference no.
2636:
2635:
2603:San Francisco Bay
2478:Connecticut River
2378:
2377:
2053:
2052:
1996:
1995:
1965:
1964:
1741:Mississippi River
1726:Mazonia/Braidwood
1661:Edward R. Madigan
1601:William W. Powers
1591:Wayne Fitzgerrell
1586:Washington County
1581:Stephen A. Forbes
1375:Rock Island Trail
1350:Morrison-Rockwood
1177:
1176:
1168:Upper Mississippi
904:national monument
526:Illinois Route 97
522:Illinois Route 78
441:Current resources
308:. Heavy loads of
274:Ramsar Convention
261:, is operated by
243:from the town of
221:
220:
94:Nearest city
2696:
2649:IUCN Category IV
2468:Cheyenne Bottoms
2428:Bad River Slough
2405:
2398:
2391:
2382:
2381:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2041:
2040:
2008:
2007:
1980:County Districts
1976:
1975:
1889:Illinois Caverns
1701:Kishwaukee River
1498:Recreation Areas
1415:Wildlife Prairie
1320:Lake Murphysboro
1188:
1187:
927:New Philadelphia
895:
894:
875:
868:
861:
852:
851:
835:
834:
832:Official website
811:
810:
801:
800:
792:
786:
785:
783:
781:
766:
760:
759:
757:
755:
740:
729:
728:
725:Outdoor Illinois
720:
711:
710:
708:
706:
691:
682:
681:
673:
667:
666:
664:
662:
647:
634:
633:
625:
619:
618:
615:Outdoor Illinois
610:
597:
596:
594:
592:
576:
567:
566:
564:
562:
545:
136:
135:
133:
132:
131:
126:
122:
119:
118:
117:
114:
98:Havana, Illinois
63:
62:
56:
40:
18:
17:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2553:Kakagon Sloughs
2414:
2409:
2379:
2374:
2089:
2084:
2054:
2049:
1992:
1961:
1933:
1919:Sielbeck Forest
1850:
1821:Snakeden Hollow
1691:Kaskaskia River
1686:Iroquois County
1671:Hamilton County
1646:Crawford County
1612:
1605:
1571:Randolph County
1541:Lake Le-Aqua-Na
1526:Golconda Marina
1497:
1490:
1452:
1429:
1310:Jubilee College
1255:Donnelley/Depue
1173:
1133:
1115:
1097:
1083:Lewis and Clark
1061:National Trails
1055:
1037:
954:
942:National Forest
936:
912:Chicago Portage
901:
884:
879:
846:Wayback Machine
830:
829:
826:
808:
805:
804:
793:
789:
779:
777:
767:
763:
753:
751:
741:
732:
727:. pp. 5–7.
721:
714:
704:
702:
692:
685:
674:
670:
660:
658:
648:
637:
626:
622:
611:
600:
590:
588:
578:
577:
570:
560:
558:
547:
546:
542:
537:
460:channel catfish
448:largemouth bass
443:
373:
300:created by the
286:
259:Emiquon Project
201:2 February 2012
185:
129:
127:
123:
120:
115:
112:
110:
108:
107:
75:
74:
73:
72:
66:
65:
64:
43:
31:
12:
11:
5:
2702:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2664:Illinois River
2661:
2656:
2651:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2558:Kawainui Marsh
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2503:Elkhorn Slough
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2463:Chesapeake Bay
2460:
2458:Catahoula Lake
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2438:Bolinas Lagoon
2435:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2385:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2350:American Samoa
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2293:South Carolina
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2258:North Carolina
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2035:
2028:
2025:East St. Louis
2021:
2014:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1952:Trail of Tears
1949:
1943:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1869:Franklin Creek
1866:
1860:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1831:Ten Mile Creek
1828:
1823:
1818:
1816:Silver Springs
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1711:Mackinaw River
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
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28:IUCN category
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19:
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2543:Humbug Marsh
2507:
2493:Delaware Bay
2298:South Dakota
2288:Rhode Island
2283:Pennsylvania
2263:North Dakota
2042:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
1947:Mormon Trail
1939:State Trails
1841:Union County
1786:Sahara Woods
1706:LaSalle Lake
1696:Kinkaid Lake
1641:Coffeen Lake
1636:Carlyle Lake
1631:Banner Marsh
1626:Baldwin Lake
1556:Prophetstown
1546:Moraine View
1521:Frank Holten
1516:Eldon Hazlet
1506:Clinton Lake
1445:(including,
1400:Walnut Point
1395:Starved Rock
1260:Ferne Clyffe
1230:Cave-in-Rock
1220:Buffalo Rock
1151:
987:
973:Crab Orchard
922:Lincoln Home
806:
796:
790:
778:. Retrieved
774:
764:
752:. Retrieved
748:
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703:. Retrieved
699:
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659:. Retrieved
655:
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589:. Retrieved
583:
559:. Retrieved
552:
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501:birdwatchers
498:
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394:, including
386:
374:
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345:fur trappers
342:
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287:
271:
258:
256:
224:
222:
15:
2618:Tomales Bay
2360:Puerto Rico
2213:Mississippi
2128:Connecticut
1957:Tunnel Hill
1864:Cache River
1826:Spring Lake
1811:Shelbyville
1746:Newton Lake
1736:Middle Fork
1731:Mermet Lake
1666:Green River
1651:Des Plaines
1566:Ramsey Lake
1511:Eagle Creek
1390:South Shore
1335:Matthiessen
1265:Fort Massac
1225:Castle Rock
1210:Beall Woods
1205:Argyle Lake
1200:Apple River
1192:State Parks
1023:Port Louisa
993:Great River
656:WCBU Peoria
377:naturalists
365:Norris Farm
239:across the
149:Established
128: /
104:Coordinates
68:Map of the
2643:Categories
2448:Caddo Lake
2328:Washington
2248:New Mexico
2243:New Jersey
2118:California
1771:Ray Norbut
1761:Pekin Lake
1481:Sand Ridge
1425:Wolf Creek
1280:Giant City
1215:Beaver Dam
1028:Two Rivers
1008:Mark Twain
998:Hackmatack
968:Chautauqua
535:References
494:mute swans
490:Asian carp
425:reported.
400:white oaks
357:Joy Morton
198:Designated
116:90°05′30″W
113:40°19′30″N
2338:Wisconsin
2303:Tennessee
2208:Minnesota
2183:Louisiana
1894:Kidd Lake
1806:Sanganois
1781:Rice Lake
1776:Rend Lake
1466:Big River
1365:Red Hills
1270:Fox Ridge
1240:Channahon
1013:Meredosia
780:April 24,
754:April 24,
705:April 24,
661:April 24,
561:April 25,
353:fishermen
322:ecosystem
290:Flag Lake
252:ecoregion
2323:Virginia
2273:Oklahoma
2253:New York
2228:Nebraska
2218:Missouri
2203:Michigan
2193:Maryland
2178:Kentucky
2158:Illinois
2133:Delaware
2123:Colorado
2113:Arkansas
2011:Category
1929:Volo Bog
1846:Woodford
1801:Sam Parr
1716:Marshall
1656:Double T
1536:Kickapoo
1370:Rock Cut
1170:(shared)
1003:Kankakee
842:Archived
591:March 7,
456:bullhead
452:bluegill
398:, swamp
80:Location
2343:Wyoming
2318:Vermont
2223:Montana
2163:Indiana
2143:Georgia
2138:Florida
2108:Arizona
2098:Alabama
2044:Commons
2018:Chicago
1721:Mautino
1561:Pyramid
1447:Cahokia
1245:Delabar
988:Emiquon
950:Shawnee
932:Pullman
890:Federal
468:sunfish
464:crappie
389:wetland
349:hunters
338:malaria
326:Indians
306:ice age
284:History
229:wetland
167:Website
2278:Oregon
2233:Nevada
2173:Kansas
2148:Hawaii
2103:Alaska
1355:Nauvoo
1330:Lowden
1295:Illini
554:Ramsar
505:Peoria
466:, and
404:pecans
402:, and
351:, and
245:Havana
2308:Texas
2188:Maine
2153:Idaho
1971:Local
1496:State
1183:State
423:ducks
392:trees
298:lakes
276:as a
2355:Guam
2313:Utah
2268:Ohio
2168:Iowa
902:and
782:2024
756:2024
707:2024
663:2024
593:2009
563:2018
524:and
492:and
408:seed
314:silt
312:and
310:sand
292:and
223:The
209:2031
152:1993
141:Area
361:CEO
235:in
2645::
820:.
773:.
747:.
733:^
715:^
698:.
686:^
654:.
638:^
601:^
582:.
571:^
551:.
485:.
462:,
458:,
454:,
450:,
414:.
384:.
347:,
280:.
254:.
86:,
2404:e
2397:t
2390:v
2079:e
2072:t
2065:v
1063:/
874:e
867:t
860:v
799:.
784:.
758:.
709:.
665:.
632:.
617:.
595:.
565:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
