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That something can be a complex system, device, a gadget, a material, a method, a computing program, an innovative experiment, a new solution to a problem, or an improvement on what already exists. Since a design has to be realistic and functional, it must have its geometry, dimensions, and characteristics data defined. In the past engineers working on new designs found that they did not have all the required information to make design decisions. Most often, they were limited by insufficient scientific knowledge. Thus they studied
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understanding into a mathematical principle while the latter measures variables involved and creates technology. For technology, physics is an auxiliary and in a way technology is considered as applied physics. Though physics and engineering are interrelated, it does not mean that a physicist is trained to do an engineer's job. A physicist would typically require additional and relevant training. Physicists and engineers engage in different lines of work. But PhD physicists who specialize in sectors of
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2114:. It attempts to identify the cause of failure to allow a redesign of the product and so prevent a re-occurrence. Careful analysis is needed to establish the cause of failure of a product. The consequences of a failure may vary in severity from the minor cost of a machine breakdown to large loss of life in the case of accidents involving aircraft and large stationary structures like buildings and dams.
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2096:. Testing ensures that products will perform as expected but only in so far as the testing has been representative of use in service. For products, such as aircraft, that are used differently by different users failures and unexpected shortcomings (and necessary design changes) can be expected throughout the operational life of the product.
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Engineering is an important and learned profession. As members of this profession, engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity. Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people. Accordingly, the services provided by engineers require
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The engineering profession engages in a range of activities, from collaboration at the societal level, and smaller individual projects. Almost all engineering projects are obligated to a funding source: a company, a set of investors, or a government. The types of engineering that are less constrained
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Jan./Feb.1998: 54–59. Article explores the concept of the "artist-engineer", an individual who used his artistic talent in engineering. Quote from article: Da Vinci reached the pinnacle of "artist-engineer"-dom, Quote2: "It was
Leonardo da Vinci who initiated the most ambitious expansion in the role
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Royal
Academy of Engineering and Academy of Medical Sciences: Systems Biology: a vision for engineering and medicine in pdf: quote1: Systems Biology is an emerging methodology that has yet to be defined quote2: It applies the concepts of systems engineering to the study of complex biological systems
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Institute of
Medicine and Engineering: Mission statement The mission of the Institute for Medicine and Engineering (IME) is to stimulate fundamental research at the interface between biomedicine and engineering/physical/computational sciences leading to innovative applications in biomedical research
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The United States Census of 1850 listed the occupation of "engineer" for the first time with a count of 2,000. There were fewer than 50 engineering graduates in the U.S. before 1865. In 1870 there were a dozen U.S. mechanical engineering graduates, with that number increasing to 43 per year in 1875.
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The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific
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There is a "real and important" difference between engineering and physics as similar to any science field has to do with technology. Physics is an exploratory science that seeks knowledge of principles while engineering uses knowledge for practical applications of principles. The former equates an
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Engineering companies in more developed economies face challenges with regard to the number of engineers being trained, compared with those retiring. This problem is prominent in the UK where engineering has a poor image and low status. There are negative economic and political issues that this can
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Although engineering solutions make use of scientific principles, engineers must also take into account safety, efficiency, economy, reliability, and constructability or ease of fabrication as well as the environment, ethical and legal considerations such as patent infringement or liability in the
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Engineering is quite different from science. Scientists try to understand nature. Engineers try to make things that do not exist in nature. Engineers stress innovation and invention. To embody an invention the engineer must put his idea in concrete terms, and design something that people can use.
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Bioengineering is the engineering of biological systems for a useful purpose. Examples of bioengineering research include bacteria engineered to produce chemicals, new medical imaging technology, portable and rapid disease diagnostic devices, prosthetics, biopharmaceuticals, and tissue-engineered
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Quote: "The 7th century, by contrast, had witnessed rapid innovations, such as the introduction of the hoplite and the trireme, which still were the basic instruments of war in the 5th." and "But it was the development of artillery that opened an epoch, and this invention did not predate the 4th
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The method used by engineers to create artifacts and systems—from cellular telephony, computers and smartphones, and GPS to remote controls, airplanes, and biomimetic materials and devices—isn't the same method scientists use in their work. The scientific method has a prescribed process: state a
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These allow products and components to be checked for flaws; assess fit and assembly; study ergonomics; and to analyze static and dynamic characteristics of systems such as stresses, temperatures, electromagnetic emissions, electrical currents and voltages, digital logic levels, fluid flows, and
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process, engineers apply mathematics and sciences such as physics to find novel solutions to problems or to improve existing solutions. Engineers need proficient knowledge of relevant sciences for their design projects. As a result, many engineers continue to learn new material throughout their
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developed in the late nineteenth century. Industrial scale manufacturing demanded new materials and new processes and by 1880 the need for large scale production of chemicals was such that a new industry was created, dedicated to the development and large scale manufacturing of chemicals in new
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Scientists may also have to complete engineering tasks, such as designing experimental apparatus or building prototypes. Conversely, in the process of developing technology, engineers sometimes find themselves exploring new phenomena, thus becoming, for the moment, scientists or more precisely
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If multiple solutions exist, engineers weigh each design choice based on their merit and choose the solution that best matches the requirements. The task of the engineer is to identify, understand, and interpret the constraints on a design in order to yield a successful result. It is generally
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initiatives in aerospace and defence, automotive, oil and gas, machinery, pharmaceutical, food and beverage, electrical and electronics, power distribution and generation, utilities and transportation systems. This combination of technical engineering practice, management consulting practice,
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concerned with engineering practice or the engineering industry sector. The demand for management-focused engineers (or from the opposite perspective, managers with an understanding of engineering), has resulted in the development of specialized engineering management degrees that develop the
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Engineering is a broad discipline that is often broken down into several sub-disciplines. Although an engineer will usually be trained in a specific discipline, he or she may become multi-disciplined through experience. Engineering is often characterized as having four main branches: chemical
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There exists an overlap between the sciences and engineering practice; in engineering, one applies science. Both areas of endeavor rely on accurate observation of materials and phenomena. Both use mathematics and classification criteria to analyze and communicate observations.
1066:. Precision machining techniques were developed in the first half of the 19th century. These included the use of gigs to guide the machining tool over the work and fixtures to hold the work in the proper position. Machine tools and machining techniques capable of producing
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question, observe, state a hypothesis, test, analyze, and interpret. It doesn't know what will be discovered, what truth will be revealed. In contrast, the engineering method aims for a specific goal and cannot be reduced to a set of fixed steps that must be followed.
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honesty, impartiality, fairness, and equity, and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health, safety, and welfare. Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conduct.
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Engineering has interconnections with society, culture and human behavior. Most products and constructions used by modern society, are influenced by engineering. Engineering activities have an impact on the environment, society, economies, and public safety.
3894:", The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project. Retrieved July 1, 2007 Quote: "The Antikythera Mechanism is now understood to be dedicated to astronomical phenomena and operates as a complex mechanical "computer" which tracks the cycles of the Solar System."
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in 1828, greatly lowered the amount of fuel needed to smelt iron. With the development of the high pressure steam engine, the power to weight ratio of steam engines made practical steamboats and locomotives possible. New steel making processes, such as the
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industry sector knowledge, and change management expertise enables professional engineers who are also qualified as management consultants to lead major business transformation initiatives. These initiatives are typically sponsored by C-level executives.
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Both fields provide solutions to real world problems. This often requires moving forward before phenomena are completely understood in a more rigorous scientific sense and therefore experimentation and empirical knowledge is an integral part of both.
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Origin: 1250–1300; ME engin < AF, OF < L ingenium nature, innate quality, esp. mental power, hence a clever invention, equiv. to in- + -genium, equiv. to gen- begetting; Source: Random House
Unabridged Dictionary, Random House, Inc.
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was the first self-proclaimed civil engineer and is often regarded as the "father" of civil engineering. He was an
English civil engineer responsible for the design of bridges, canals, harbors, and lighthouses. He was also a capable
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Quote: In most universities it should be possible to cover the main branches of engineering, i.e. civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineering in this way. More specialized fields of engineering application, of which
891:. Using a model water wheel, Smeaton conducted experiments for seven years, determining ways to increase efficiency. Smeaton introduced iron axles and gears to water wheels. Smeaton also made mechanical improvements to the
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skills, knowledge, and expertise, alongside knowledge of business administration, management techniques, and strategic thinking. Engineers specializing in change management must have in-depth knowledge of the application of
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MIT World:The Art of
Engineering: Inventor James Dyson on the Art of Engineering: quote: A member of the British Design Council, James Dyson has been designing products since graduating from the Royal College of Art in
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in the 18th century, the term became more narrowly applied to fields in which mathematics and science were applied to these ends. Similarly, in addition to military and civil engineering, the fields then known as the
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has recently been dated as being from the last decade of the 18th century. Early knowledge of aeronautical engineering was largely empirical with some concepts and skills imported from other branches of engineering.
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The application of the steam engine allowed coke to be substituted for charcoal in iron making, lowering the cost of iron, which provided engineers with a new material for building bridges. This bridge was made of
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The great engineer
Theodore von Karman once said, "Scientists study the world as it is, engineers create the world that never has been." Today, more than ever, the engineer must create a world that never has
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Modern medicine can replace several of the body's functions through the use of artificial organs and can significantly alter the function of the human body through artificial devices such as, for example,
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Overseas development and relief NGOs make considerable use of engineers, to apply solutions in disaster and development scenarios. Some charitable organizations use engineering directly for development:
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which will set under water) and developed a technique involving dovetailed blocks of granite in the building of the lighthouse. He is important in the history, rediscovery of, and development of modern
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1982:
Constraints may include available resources, physical, imaginative or technical limitations, flexibility for future modifications and additions, and other factors, such as requirements for cost,
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by Sir James
Hamilton, UK Engineering Council Quote: "The Civilingenior degree encompasses the main branches of engineering civil, mechanical, electrical, chemical." (From the Internet Archive)
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Chemical engineering is the application of physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering principles in order to carry out chemical processes on a commercial scale, such as the manufacture of
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There was no chair of applied mechanism and applied mechanics at
Cambridge until 1875, and no chair of engineering at Oxford until 1907. Germany established technical universities earlier.
1301:(airports, roads, railways, water supply, and treatment etc.), bridges, tunnels, dams, and buildings. Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines, including
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further accelerated the development of electronics to such an extent that electrical and electronics engineers currently outnumber their colleagues of any other engineering specialty.
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The Genius of
Archimedes – 23 Centuries of Influence on Mathematics, Science and Engineering: Proceedings of an International Conference held at Syracuse, Italy, June 8–10, 2010
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lead to a large increase in iron production in the late 18th century. The higher furnace temperatures made possible with steam-powered blast allowed for the use of more lime in
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to solve technical problems, increase efficiency and productivity, and improve systems. Modern engineering comprises many subfields which include designing and improving
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The study of the human body, albeit from different directions and for different purposes, is an important common link between medicine and some engineering disciplines.
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Medicine, in part, studies the function of the human body. The human body, as a biological machine, has many functions that can be modeled using engineering methods.
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Conversely, some engineering disciplines view the human body as a biological machine worth studying and are dedicated to emulating many of its functions by replacing
1758:. Geological engineers are involved with impact studies for facilities and operations that affect surface and subsurface environments, such as rock excavations (e.g.
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5800:"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology: Both general and technical articles on current technologies and methods used in biomedical and clinical engineering ..."
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2669:, are adapting analytical tools traditionally used for engineering, such as systems modeling and computational analysis, to the description of biological systems.
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Engineers typically attempt to predict how well their designs will perform to their specifications prior to full-scale production. They use, among other things:
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entered the lexicon as a way to distinguish between those specializing in the construction of such non-military projects and those involved in the discipline of
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407:, among many others, stand as a testament to the ingenuity and skill of ancient civil and military engineers. Other monuments, no longer standing, such as the
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etc. These similarities as well as the increasing importance and application of engineering principles in medicine, led to the development of the field of
626:, are examples of Greek mechanical engineering. Some of Archimedes' inventions, as well as the Antikythera mechanism, required sophisticated knowledge of
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As with all modern scientific and technological endeavors, computers and software play an increasingly important role. As well as the typical business
822:, instrument makers and surveyors. Aside from these professions, universities were not believed to have had much practical significance to technology.
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Engineers take on the responsibility of producing designs that will perform as well as expected and, except those employed in specific areas of the
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Princeton U: Robert Maillart's Bridges: The Art of Engineering: quote: no doubt that Maillart was fully conscious of the aesthetic implications ...
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asserts that engineering research has a character different from that of scientific research. First, it often deals with areas in which the basic
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912:, because he identified the compositional requirements needed to obtain "hydraulicity" in lime; work which led ultimately to the invention of
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allows engineers to create models of designs that can be analyzed without having to make expensive and time-consuming physical prototypes.
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5739:"IEEE technical paper: Foreign parts (electronic body implants).by Evans-Pughe, C. quote from summary: Feeling threatened by cyborgs?"
2154:) specifically for engineering. Computers can be used to generate models of fundamental physical processes, which can be solved using
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requires collaboration of engineers from many fields, as the system involves mechanical, electro-magnetic and chemical processes. The
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864:, sometimes called Newtonian mechanics, formed the scientific basis of much of modern engineering. With the rise of engineering as a
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2069:" engineering designs, while at a higher level the best design is one which eliminates the core contradiction causing the problem.
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5289:"Improving the capability to Engineer Complex Systems – Broadening the Conversation on the Art and Science of Systems Engineering"
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requires the achievement of sufficient engineering capacity to develop infrastructure and sustainable technological development.
5937:"National Science Foundation:The Art of Engineering: Professor uses the fine arts to broaden students' engineering perspectives"
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C. Morón, E. Tremps, A. García, J.A. Somolinos (2011) The Physics and its Relation with the Engineering, INTED2011 Proceedings
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were built using three of the six simple machines, the inclined plane, the wedge, and the lever, to create structures like the
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2684:, seen here in a self-portrait, has been described as the epitome of the artist/engineer. He is also known for his studies on
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applications for maintenance management; and Architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) software for civil engineering.
300:) referred to "a constructor of military engines". In this context, now obsolete, an "engine" referred to a military machine,
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951:, a mathematician and inventor who worked on pumps, left notes at the Vauxhall Ordinance Office on a steam pump design that
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century. It was first heard of in the context of Sicilian warfare against Carthage in the time of Dionysius I of Syracuse."
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The heart for example functions much like a pump, the skeleton is like a linked structure with levers, the brain produces
2180:(CAD) software. It enables engineers to create 3D models, 2D drawings, and schematics of their designs. CAD together with
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design. Its origins can be traced back to the aviation pioneers around the start of the 20th century although the work of
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1211:, there was extensive development of aeronautical engineering through development of military aircraft that were used in
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read. In 1698 Savery built a steam pump called "The Miner's Friend". It employed both vacuum and pressure. Iron merchant
825:
A standard reference for the state of mechanical arts during the Renaissance is given in the mining engineering treatise
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From the American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States
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Later, as the design of civilian structures, such as bridges and buildings, matured as a technical discipline, the term
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Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette (March 2001). "The construction of a discipline: Materials science in the United States".
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Engineering projects can be controversial. Examples from different engineering disciplines include: the development of
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Rethinking the Industrial Revolution: Five Centuries of Transition from Agrarian to Industrial Capitalism in England
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cause, as well as ethical issues. It is agreed the engineering profession faces an "image crisis". The UK holds the
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Branches: There are traditionally four primary engineering disciplines: civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical.
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Electrical engineering is the design, study, and manufacture of various electrical and electronic systems, such as
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Applied science led to the development of the steam engine. The sequence of events began with the invention of the
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operating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation and safety to life and property.
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In recent years the use of computer software to aid the development of goods has collectively come to be known as
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308:). Notable examples of the obsolete usage which have survived to the present day are military engineering corps,
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Interdisciplinary engineering draws from more than one of the principle branches of the practice. Historically,
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Geological engineering is associated with anything constructed on or within the Earth. This discipline applies
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959:, who built the first commercial piston steam engine in 1712, was not known to have any scientific training.
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5712:"Ethical Assessment of Implantable Brain Chips. Ellen M. McGee and G.Q. Maguire, Jr. from Boston University"
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Journal of the British Nuclear Energy Society: Volume 1 British Nuclear Energy Society – 1962 – Snippet view
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knowledge and skills needed for these roles. During an engineering management course, students will develop
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Computer engineering (CE) is a branch of engineering that integrates several fields of computer science and
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industrial plants. The role of the chemical engineer was the design of these chemical plants and processes.
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Koetsier, Teun (2001). "On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators".
3643:. Unesco. International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa. p. 309.
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1592:. These and other branches of engineering are represented in the 36 licensed member institutions of the UK
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applied to engineering practice or the engineering sector. This work often deals with large scale complex
2553:. Often they had to add to the sciences relevant to their profession. Thus engineering sciences were born.
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Mechanical engineering is the design and manufacture of physical or mechanical systems, such as power and
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of a problem often allows them to analyze it (sometimes definitively), and to test potential solutions.
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insufficient to build a technically successful product, rather, it must also meet further requirements.
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Canal building was an important engineering work during the early phases of the Industrial Revolution.
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deals with the relationship between professional engineering, IT systems, business administration and
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Before the development of modern engineering, mathematics was used by artisans and craftsmen, such as
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and medical bionics are dedicated to the study of synthetic implants pertaining to natural systems.
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that are foreign to pure scientific research, one example being the method of parameter variation.
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kinematics. Access and distribution of all this information is generally organized with the use of
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New specialties sometimes combine with the traditional fields and form new branches – for example,
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of artist-engineer, progressing from astute observer to inventor to theoretician." (Bjerklie 58)
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to calculate the stresses in complex components. Second, engineering research employs many semi-
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sciences and engineering principles to direct or support the work of other disciplines such as
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Aerospace engineering covers the design, development, manufacture and operational behaviour of
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1302:
1228:
1117:
1089:
1009:
and the open hearth furnace, ushered in an area of heavy engineering in the late 19th century.
1001:
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The application of steam-powered cast iron blowing cylinders for providing pressurized air for
924:
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2644:. There are also substantial interdisciplinary interactions between engineering and medicine.
2490:
are well understood, but the problems themselves are too complex to solve in an exact manner.
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5891:"UC Berkeley News: UC researchers create model of brain's electrical storm during a seizure"
5295:
1678:
Marine engineering covers the design, development, manufacture and operational behaviour of
763:, was the earliest type of programmable machine. The first music sequencer was an automated
12043:
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1725:
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1553:
1525:
1350:
1314:
1254:
1193:
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896:
511:, the last of the simple machines to be invented, first appeared in Mesopotamia during the
412:
340:
101:
9672:
8722:
6011:
4893:
4809:
3732:
Humphris, Jane; Charlton, Michael F.; Keen, Jake; Sauder, Lee; Alshishani, Fareed (2018).
8:
12019:
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11476:
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6479:
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6375:
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4033:
3368:
3182:"Engineers' Council for Professional Development. (1947). Canons of ethics for engineers"
3024:
2960:
2945:
2821:
2495:
2412:
as a symbol and reminder of the obligations and ethics associated with their profession.
2085:
2035:
1763:
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1589:
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created a demand for machinery with metal parts, which led to the development of several
884:
861:
380:
193:
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8055:
6265:
3610:
Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Westen Cultures
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7032:
6966:
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6544:
6534:
6529:
6519:
6444:
5468:
4527:
4298:
3909:
3105:
3029:
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2709:
2708:(even to the extent that these disciplines may sometimes be included in a university's
2392:
2382:
2325:
2066:
2054:
2043:
1983:
1971:
1861:
1755:
1673:
1612:
1497:
1386:
1366:
1346:
1268:
1215:. Meanwhile, research to provide fundamental background science continued by combining
1105:
943:
published a book of 100 inventions containing a method for raising waters similar to a
760:
698:
106:
11215:
10450:
8697:
6291:
6234:
What Engineers Know and How They Know It: Analytical Studies from Aeronautical History
5931:
5929:
5828:
through iteration between computational or mathematical modelling and experimentation.
5385:
What Engineers Know and How They Know It: Analytical Studies from Aeronautical History
4247:
1297:
Civil engineering is the design and construction of public and private works, such as
962:
415:, were important engineering achievements of their time and were considered among the
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4374:
4349:
4342:
4302:
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4145:
4068:
4043:
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3819:
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1709:
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1493:
1362:
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1177:
944:
928:
752:
631:
539:
516:
427:
364:
336:
319:
The word "engine" itself is of even older origin, ultimately deriving from the Latin
260:
8712:
8581:
8532:
7904:
5681:
5472:
5208:
3244:
3229:
2427:
Scientists study the world as it is; engineers create the world that has never been.
2053:
have to be evaluated on their merits before the one judged most suitable is chosen.
1994:
for the limits within which a viable object or system may be produced and operated.
1331:
1245:
engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering.
359:
to bring a steady supply of clean and fresh water to cities and towns in the empire.
11884:
11812:
11807:
11375:
11353:
11313:
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9204:
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5982:"University of Texas at Dallas: The Institute for Interactive Arts and Engineering"
5926:
5750:
5460:
4864:
4280:
4243:
3864:
3745:
2825:
2746:
artist and engineer, and a prime example of the nexus between art and engineering.
2287:
2155:
2104:
2007:
1775:
1272:
1093:
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989:
904:
264:
9856:
9054:
8922:
8702:
6089:
4477:
A History of Industrial Power in the United States, 1730–1930, Vol. 2: Steam Power
4222:
The spinning jenny was basically an adaptation of its precursor the spinning wheel
4181:(First MIT Press paperback ed.). Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. pp. 23–24.
3869:
3852:
3750:
3733:
3181:
843:
793:, where they could be made to play different rhythms and different drum patterns.
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5711:
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5539:
5495:
5419:
5124:
4674:
4491:
4267:
4263:"Loudspeakers Optional: A history of non-loudspeaker-based electroacoustic music"
4139:
4118:
4094:
3961:
3891:
3112:
2727:'s bridge design is perceived by some to have been deliberately artistic. At the
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1448:
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during the 4th century BC, which relied on animal power instead of human energy.
569:
504:
475:
423:
197:
150:
10211:
8845:
8707:
6279:
5846:
3936:
Wright, M T. (2005). "Epicyclic Gearing and the Antikythera Mechanism, part 2".
332:), meaning "innate quality, especially mental power, hence a clever invention."
11919:
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11498:
11493:
11471:
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11183:
11116:
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by the early 11th century, both of which were fundamental to the growth of the
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563:
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435:
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162:
9024:
8631:
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4067:(1 ed.). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. p. 4.
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8621:
8465:
7964:
7899:
7871:
7799:
7528:
7443:
6034:
5779:
5643:
The Future of Post-Human Engineering: A Preface to a New Theory of Technology
5438:
Ateneo de Manila University Press. Philippine Studies, vol. 11, no. 4, 1963.
4679:
4399:
The Most Powerful Idea in the World: A Story of Steam, Industry and Invention
4294:
3853:"Iron Smelting in Sudan: Experimental Archaeology at The Royal City of Meroe"
3759:
3734:"Iron Smelting in Sudan: Experimental Archaeology at The Royal City of Meroe"
3562:
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2610:
2139:
2100:
2050:
1955:
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6008:"Aerospace Design: The Art of Engineering from NASA's Aeronautical Research"
2042:
to find suitable solutions to a particular problem. Creating an appropriate
1172:
is a more modern term that expands the reach of the discipline by including
188:
The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more specialized
39:
11899:
11834:
11787:
11483:
11368:
11363:
11358:
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6931:
3155:
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2250:
2049:
More than one solution to a design problem usually exists so the different
2014:, with emphasis on function and the utilization of mathematics and science.
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879:
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296:
44:
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3440:
Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence
3289:
Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence
2502:
are titled as Technology officer, R&D Engineers and System Engineers.
2444:
Engineers, scientists and technicians at work on target positioner inside
256:
11951:
11931:
11904:
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11488:
11388:
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10891:
10881:
10750:
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10038:
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9753:
9510:
9465:
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9353:
9086:
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7503:
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7273:
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5326:. Vol. 60. American Society for Engineering Education. p. 467.
5265:
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3955:
Britannica on Greek civilization in the 5th century – Military technology
3443:
3292:
2743:
2637:
2571:
2534:
2272:
2173:
2077:
2023:
1963:
1946:
1716:. Computer engineers usually have training in electronic engineering (or
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1398:
1212:
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1125:
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555:
551:
451:
439:
376:
174:
154:
52:
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5427:
4838:
Bronzino JD, ed., The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, CRC Press, 2006,
3125:
2853:
2207:
There are also many tools to support specific engineering tasks such as
1856:, and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as
831:(1556), which also contains sections on geology, mining, and chemistry.
11894:
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11794:
11777:
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4097:, web page, accessed on line October 23, 2009; this web page refers to
2766:
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2373:
compared to other European countries, together with the United States.
2081:
2062:
1918: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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4038:(2nd ed.). New York: Litton Educational Publishing, Inc. p.
2165:
Graphic representation of a minute fraction of the WWW, demonstrating
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Humphris J, Charlton MF, Keen J, Sauder L, Alshishani F (June 2018).
3572:
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2409:
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5847:"Science Museum of Minnesota: Online Lesson 5a; The heart as a pump"
4980:"Comparing the Engineering Design Process and the Scientific Method"
1893:
1791:
638:
of the Industrial Revolution, and are widely used in fields such as
279:
devised inventions such as the wedge, lever, wheel and pulley, etc.
51:, underscores the importance of engineering in modern history. This
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5117:
4424:
Links in the History of Engineering and Technology from Tudor Times
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aims to sustain, repair, enhance and even replace functions of the
2578:
2295:
2267:
1853:
1713:
1653:
1424:
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1200:
in 1863; it was also the second PhD awarded in science in the U.S.
1144:
1038:. Boring cast iron cylinders with precision was not possible until
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686:
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351:
305:
170:
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5580:
Steve Fuller. Knowledge Management Foundations. Routledge, 2012.
2625:
2618:
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2538:
2509:
to describe aerodynamic flow over an aircraft, or the use of the
2505:
An example of this is the use of numerical approximations to the
2483:
2254:
2019:
2002:
1951:
1759:
1644:
658:
657:
which was developed by the Greeks around the 4th century BC, the
585:
547:
531:
527:
471:
6156:
The Innovators: The Engineering Pioneers Who Made America Modern
5668:
Classical and Computational Solid Mechanics, YC Fung and P. Tong
4553:
4501:
4141:
Inventing the Cotton Gin: Machine and Myth in Antebellum America
2696:
There are connections between engineering and art, for example,
2566:
2312:
584:
in Kush to store and contain water as well as boost irrigation.
11847:
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10703:
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quote:..the tools of artists and the perspective of engineers..
4144:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 1–6.
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
2979:
2298:. In response, some engineering companies have enacted serious
2058:
2011:
1959:
1661:
1416:
1204:
1157:
1079:
927:
in 1643, demonstration of the force of atmospheric pressure by
909:
777:, in the 9th century. In 1206, Al-Jazari invented programmable
577:
535:
496:
276:
268:
182:
6309:
6189:
To Engineer is Human: The Role of Failure in Successful Design
5974:
5609:"Industrial Physicists: Primarily specialising in Engineering"
4392:
4390:
4261:
Kapur, Ajay; Carnegie, Dale; Murphy, Jim; Long, Jason (2017).
2779:
principles and methods. Professional engineers often train as
2592:
2122:
634:, two key principles in machine theory that helped design the
610:
developed machines in both civilian and military domains. The
566:, in what are now Iraq and Iran, by the early 4th century BC.
538:, he probably designed and supervised the construction of the
11767:
11740:
11294:
11060:
10923:
10787:
10695:
10301:
9918:
8547:
8537:
8502:
5682:"Code of Ethics | National Society of Professional Engineers"
5156:"Why Does It Matter? – why are engineering skills important?"
2641:
2321:
2027:
1012:
One of the most famous engineers of the mid-19th century was
835:
was the standard chemistry reference for the next 180 years.
782:
764:
593:
573:
499:
date back to Mesopotamia in the early 2nd millennium BC, and
455:
443:
431:
212:
5981:
5839:
4451:. London: Maney Publishing, for the Institute of Materials.
3200:
3115:
Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University
2735:, has developed a course that connects art and engineering.
796:
192:, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of
11446:
11258:
10946:
10849:
10802:
10221:
9932:
9299:
9289:
8964:
8487:
7317:
5451:"Relationship between physics and electrical engineering".
4751:
4387:
2720:
2600:, which glows green under blue light. The central mouse is
2107:
in their designs to reduce the risk of unexpected failure.
1687:
1160:
can reach temperatures up to 3,500 °C (6,330 °F).
650:
233:
5234:
4950:"Genrich Altshuller's Theory of Inventive Problem Solving"
4857:
Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences
4125:, pp. 34–35, Institute for the History of Arabic Science,
4009:
Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology
3850:
3731:
10603:
9922:
9844:
8692:
8085:
4628:
Van Every, Kermit E. (1986). "Aeronautical engineering".
4179:
Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-Year History
4105:, pp. 34–5, Institute for the History of Arabic Science,
3072:
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
2324:, etc. are all combined to provide proper navigation and
2317:
2212:
2126:
A computer simulation of high velocity air flow around a
1185:
996:
in 1784 produced large scale quantities of wrought iron.
789:
musicians, including drummers operated by a programmable
653:
armies employed military machines and inventions such as
4470:
4468:
230:
American Engineers' Council for Professional Development
5918:
Bjerklie, David. "The Art of Renaissance Engineering."
5872:
Minnesota State University emuseum: Bones act as levers
4645:
Josiah Willard Gibbs – the History of a Great Mind
4260:
3318:
A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East
2415:
604:
were also created during the 7th centuries BC in Kush.
458:
mechanism first appeared around 5,000 years ago in the
304:, a mechanical contraption used in war (for example, a
3060:
Hammack, William; Anderson, John (February 16, 2022).
2765:
or "Management engineering" is a specialized field of
2103:, will not harm people. Engineers typically include a
290:, which itself dates back to the 14th century when an
4465:
2731:, an engineering professor, through a grant with the
2395:
to guide members and inform the public at large. The
1990:. By understanding the constraints, engineers derive
1313:. It is traditionally considered to be separate from
984:. These innovations lowered the cost of iron, making
728:
was invented in India by the 6th century AD, and the
550:
in Egypt around 2630–2611 BC. The earliest practical
5561:
Physics and Industrial Development: Bridging the Gap
4627:
3106:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/
2849:
2719:, for instance, held an exhibition about the art of
1724:, and hardware-software integration instead of only
5914:
5912:
5320:American Society for Engineering Education (1970).
4344:
Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution
2812:has been borrowed for the study of the subjects of
2150:
there are a number of computer aided applications (
1124:in the late 19th century gave rise to the field of
592:during military campaigns. Kushite ancestors built
6209:
6186:
5730:
4582:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 138.
4341:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4088:Taqi al-Din and the First Steam Turbine, 1551 A.D.
3491:
3333:
3243:
3242:
2662:that uses concepts developed in both disciplines.
2057:, after gathering statistics on a large number of
1500:were major branches. Other engineering fields are
275:Engineering has existed since ancient times, when
5883:
4632:. Vol. 1. Grolier Incorporated. p. 226.
4496:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
1603:involves a wide range of subject areas including
1016:, who built railroads, dockyards and steamships.
740:. The spinning wheel was also a precursor to the
12035:
5909:
5822:
5820:
5614:. American Institute for Physics. October 2016.
4854:
4703:
4479:. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
3053:
2628:with technology. This has led to fields such as
2524:in the revision to the classic engineering text
2468:is used to conduct science experiments in space.
1966:all need to be carefully designed and optimized.
1648:lander with solar panels deployed in a cleanroom
1622:
1481:
980:, which enabled the transition from charcoal to
596:during the Bronze Age between 3700 and 3250 BC.
454:(modern Iraq) during the 5th millennium BC. The
6065:
5068:"The Latest Chapter in CAD Software Evaluation"
4697:
4605:A Short History of Twentieth Century Technology
4326:
3498:. USA: Twenty-First Century Books. p. 58.
3362:
3059:
2130:during re-entry. Solutions to the flow require
1222:
923:and the measurement of atmospheric pressure by
744:, which was a key development during the early
5646:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 141.
5211:. National Society of Professional Engineers.
4339:
3433:
3431:
3365:Ancient Egyptian Construction and Architecture
1078:In 1890, there were 6,000 engineers in civil,
8384:
8071:
7196:
6325:
6131:
5817:
5280:
4123:Taqi al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering
4103:Taqi al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering
3906:"Discovering How Greeks Computed in 100 B.C."
3537:. Minneapolis, MN: Runestone Press. pp.
1766:consolidation, slope and fill stabilization,
526:The earliest civil engineer known by name is
127:
6026:
3935:
3815:The Nubian Past: An Archaeology of the Sudan
3773:Collins, Robert O.; Burns, James M. (2007).
3772:
3495:Ancient Machines: From Wedges to Waterwheels
3363:Clarke, Somers; Engelbach, Reginald (1990).
2665:Newly emerging branches of science, such as
1459:, robotics, turbines, audio equipments, and
6212:Guide to Information Sources in Engineering
5736:
5095:"Engineering Civilisation from the Shadows"
4747:"History and Heritage of Civil Engineering"
4317:A 13th Century Programmable Robot (Archive)
3711:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 227.
3428:
3334:Paipetis, S. A.; Ceccarelli, Marco (2010).
3329:
3327:
3148:
2828:using engineering methodology coupled with
1852:One who practices engineering is called an
1820:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
852:, which was soon displaced by less brittle
320:
271:, the foremost military engineer of his age
215:
8391:
8377:
8078:
8064:
7203:
7189:
6332:
6318:
6153:
6090:Drew U: user website: cites Bjerklie paper
6032:
5558:R Gazzinelli, R L Moreira, W N Rodrigues.
5498:. Oxford and IBH Publishing, 2008, p. 208.
5180:
5153:
4685:
4607:. US: Oxford University Press. p. 3.
3983:Islamic Technology: An illustrated history
3885:The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project
3636:
3469:Building in Egypt: Pharaonic Stone Masonry
3315:
3174:
3132:. International Association of Engineers.
3062:"Working in the Penumbra of Understanding"
2397:National Society of Professional Engineers
2260:can produce a range of facial expressions.
941:Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester
134:
120:
7859:
7822:Relationship between religion and science
7210:
5287:Ryschkewitsch, M.G. NASA Chief Engineer.
5286:
4621:
4526:
4284:
3868:
3749:
3534:Ancient Machines: From Grunts to Graffiti
2887:List of basic chemical engineering topics
2110:The study of failed products is known as
1934:Learn how and when to remove this message
1840:Learn how and when to remove this message
1770:risk assessment, groundwater monitoring,
1731:
1404:
1320:
1092:in the 1800s included the experiments of
899:(1755–59) where he pioneered the use of '
294:(literally, one who builds or operates a
6230:
6181:
6172:
6112:
5704:
5509:Biologically Inspired Intelligent Robots
5382:
5376:
5041:"PDM: Not Just for the Big Boys Anymore"
4602:
4446:
4371:The Transportation Revolution, 1815–1860
4340:Musson, A.E.; Robinson, Eric H. (1969).
4233:
4227:
4062:
4031:
3844:
3568:Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilisation
3324:
2777:industrial and organizational psychology
2676:
2591:
2565:
2475:What Engineers Know and How They Know It
2459:
2439:
2351:Registered Engineers for Disaster Relief
2311:
2249:
2160:
2121:
2001:
1945:
1637:
1627:
1601:Earth systems engineering and management
1330:
1233:
1143:
1018:
961:
842:
795:
350:
255:
38:
6083:
5943:from the original on September 19, 2018
5853:from the original on September 27, 2006
5507:Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Cynthia L. Breazeal.
5253:
4960:from the original on September 11, 2019
4642:
4580:A Social History of American Technology
4449:A History of Metallurgy, Second Edition
4421:
4309:
4065:Electricity Generation Using Wind Power
3903:
3811:
3706:
3471:. Oxford University Press. p. 71.
3391:
3188:from the original on September 29, 2007
2596:Genetically engineered mice expressing
2561:
2391:have established codes of practice and
1693:
1248:
1192:) awarded in the United States went to
478:machine, which appeared in Mesopotamia
14:
12036:
11417:
8193:Electrical and electronics engineering
8178:Developmental and reproductive biology
7112:Electrical and electronics engineering
6237:. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
6115:Engineering: a very short introduction
5805:from the original on February 13, 2007
5692:from the original on February 18, 2020
5621:from the original on September 6, 2015
5215:from the original on February 18, 2020
5092:
4990:from the original on December 16, 2019
4474:
4368:
4212:from the original on December 29, 2019
4191:
3669:
3492:Woods, Michael; Mary B. Woods (2000).
3466:
3437:
3286:
873:became incorporated into engineering.
755:were developed in the Muslim world. A
11631:
11416:
10681:
9145:
9144:
8411:
8372:
8059:
7184:
6313:
6117:. New York: Oxford University Press.
6000:
5897:from the original on February 2, 2007
5639:
4917:
4789:from the original on January 30, 2017
4724:from the original on December 5, 2013
4574:
4508:from the original on January 26, 2021
4396:
4176:
4170:
4006:
3917:from the original on December 4, 2013
3614:Springer Science & Business Media
3607:
3555:
3485:
3340:Springer Science & Business Media
3219:
3136:from the original on January 26, 2021
3104:definition of "engineering" from the
2917:List of mechanical engineering topics
2892:List of electrical engineering topics
2219:software for production engineering;
1878:Designated Engineering Representative
1667:
12003:
8398:
7145:
6207:
5792:
5660:
5407:Walter G Whitman; August Paul Peck.
5065:
5038:
3561:
3530:
3512:from the original on January 4, 2020
3416:from the original on January 3, 2020
3264:participating institution membership
2975:Controversies over the term Engineer
2882:List of aerospace engineering topics
2416:Relationships with other disciplines
2364:Engineering Ministries International
1916:adding citations to reliable sources
1887:
1818:adding citations to reliable sources
1785:
1286:
1207:after the successful flights by the
1164:Aeronautical engineering deals with
1104:and others and the invention of the
7155:
6053:from the original on April 20, 2007
5773:
5330:from the original on April 16, 2021
5259:
5241:from the original on April 30, 2011
5111:
5086:
4820:from the original on March 31, 2018
4707:Student's Britannica India,7vol.Set
4489:
4158:from the original on April 20, 2021
3675:Fritz Hintze, Kush XI; pp. 222–224.
3589:from the original on August 1, 2020
3438:Moorey, Peter Roger Stuart (1999).
3287:Moorey, Peter Roger Stuart (1999).
3162:from the original on March 26, 2024
3082:from the original on August 3, 2023
2927:List of software engineering topics
2585:, if necessary, through the use of
2300:corporate and social responsibility
1986:, marketability, productivity, and
1050:. Other machine tools included the
935:in 1656, laboratory experiments by
24:
10682:
8412:
6175:Applied Minds: How Engineers Think
6105:
5988:from the original on April 3, 2007
5761:from the original on March 3, 2020
5718:from the original on April 7, 2016
5387:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
5020:from the original on April 8, 2020
4807:
4801:
4710:. Popular Prakashan. p. 146.
4493:English and American Tool Builders
3220:Smith, Ralph J. (March 29, 2024).
2912:List of genetic engineering topics
2840:have similarly borrowed the term.
1997:
649:Ancient Chinese, Greek, Roman and
417:Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
25:
12070:
8223:Genetics and evolutionary biology
7842:Sociology of scientific knowledge
7837:Sociology of scientific ignorance
7790:History and philosophy of science
6253:
5571:. World Scientific, 1997, p. 110.
5364:from the original on May 16, 2022
5294:. p. 8 of 21. Archived from
5235:"Origin of the Iron Ring concept"
4930:from the original on July 2, 2019
3832:from the original on July 9, 2021
3793:from the original on July 9, 2021
3010:Environmental engineering science
2783:in the very specialized field of
2738:Among famous historical figures,
2558:case of failure of the solution.
2376:
2355:Engineers for a Sustainable World
2245:
2018:Engineers use their knowledge of
1466:
1112:in 1872. The theoretical work of
530:. As one of the officials of the
470:. The lever was also used in the
12014:
12002:
11991:
11990:
8039:
8027:
7164:
7154:
7144:
7135:
7134:
7004:
6297:
6285:
6273:
6259:
4011:. Brill Publishers. p. 65.
3686:"Siege warfare in ancient Egypt"
3657:from the original on May 2, 2022
3067:Issues in Science and Technology
2941:Glossary of areas of mathematics
2852:
2781:certified management consultants
2217:manufacturing process management
1892:
1790:
1046:, which is considered the first
988:and iron bridges practical. The
474:water-lifting device, the first
462:, where it was used in a simple
236:) has defined "engineering" as:
200:, and types of application. See
12015:
9545:Outdoors & sports equipment
8227:Cellular and molecular biology
6339:
6139:(2 ed.). Boca Raton: CRC.
5674:
5640:Baofu, Peter (March 26, 2009).
5633:
5601:
5574:
5552:
5525:
5501:
5479:
5444:
5432:
5411:. American Book Company, 1946,
5401:
5346:
5313:
5227:
5201:
5174:
5147:
5129:
5059:
5032:
5002:
4972:
4942:
4911:
4875:
4848:
4832:
4771:
4739:
4661:
4636:
4596:
4568:
4520:
4483:
4440:
4426:. Ayer Publishing. p. 66.
4415:
4401:. University of Chicago Press.
4362:
4348:. University of Toronto Press.
4254:
4192:Žmolek, Michael Andrew (2013).
4185:
4131:
4112:
4081:
4056:
4025:
4000:
3968:
3948:
3929:
3904:Wilford, John (July 31, 2008).
3897:
3877:
3805:
3776:A History of Sub-Saharan Africa
3766:
3725:
3707:Bianchi, Robert Steven (2004).
3700:
3678:
3640:Ancient civilizations of Africa
3630:
3601:
3524:
3460:
3385:
3356:
3309:
2799:
2117:
1903:needs additional citations for
1682:and stationary structures like
1190:applied science and engineering
715:Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
466:, and to move large objects in
7231:Analytic–synthetic distinction
6278:Learning materials related to
5354:"What is Engineering Science?"
5066:Arbe, Katrina (May 22, 2003).
4918:Lucas, Jim (August 22, 2014).
4883:"Nuclear Engineering Overview"
4783:Institution of Civil Engineers
4643:Wheeler, Lynde Phelps (1951).
4536:Johns Hopkins University Press
4369:Taylor, George Rogers (1969).
3779:. Cambridge University Press.
3280:
3270:
3236:
3118:
3098:
3005:Engineering education research
2922:List of nanoengineering topics
2526:Foundations of Solid Mechanics
2408:In Canada, engineers wear the
2305:The attainment of many of the
2265:by such a funding source, are
2190:finite element method analysis
1883:
1128:. The later inventions of the
1072:large scale factory production
676:
346:
57:Technical University of Madrid
13:
1:
9549:Personal protective equipment
6264:The dictionary definition of
6154:Billington, David P. (1996).
6033:Billington, David P. (1989).
5039:Arbe, Katrina (May 7, 2001).
5010:"Forensic Engineering | ASCE"
4248:10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00005-2
3870:10.1080/00934690.2018.1479085
3751:10.1080/00934690.2018.1479085
3665:– via Books.google.com.
3395:The Technology of Mesopotamia
3046:
2897:List of engineering societies
1623:Other branches of engineering
1482:Interdisciplinary engineering
1188:in engineering (technically,
1082:, mechanical and electrical.
895:. Smeaton designed the third
838:
805:
771:brothers, described in their
489:
479:
326:
223:
6362:List of engineering branches
6231:Vincenti, Walter G. (1993).
6039:Princeton University Press.
5737:Evans-Pughe, C. (May 2003).
5383:Vincenti, Walter G. (1993).
5137:"engineeringuk.com/About_us"
4603:Williams, Trevor I. (1982).
4490:Roe, Joseph Wickham (1916).
4236:Mechanism and Machine Theory
4137:
3944:(1 (September 2005)): 54–60.
3857:Journal of Field Archaeology
3738:Journal of Field Archaeology
3015:Global Engineering Education
2328:(vehicle developed for 2007
2307:Millennium Development Goals
2240:product lifecycle management
2209:computer-aided manufacturing
2172:One of the most widely used
2010:. Engineering is applied to
1488:List of engineering branches
1223:Main branches of engineering
614:, an early known mechanical
580:were developed as a type of
314:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
32:Engineering (disambiguation)
27:Applied science and research
7:
11632:
7564:Hypothetico-deductive model
7539:Deductive-nomological model
7524:Constructivist epistemology
6077:September 27, 2007, at the
5183:"The ERA Foundation Report"
5070:. ThomasNet. Archived from
5043:. ThomasNet. Archived from
4779:"What is Civil Engineering"
4673:September 21, 2015, at the
2843:
2793:business process management
2749:
2733:National Science Foundation
2729:University of South Florida
2466:International Space Station
2211:(CAM) software to generate
2152:computer-aided technologies
2134:of the combined effects of
1781:
1728:or electronic engineering.
1514:instrumentation and control
495:. The earliest evidence of
487:ancient Egyptian technology
468:ancient Egyptian technology
450:mechanism, was invented in
10:
12075:
8328:Probability and statistics
5877:December 20, 2008, at the
5538:December 20, 2016, at the
5488:Future Of Economic Science
5465:10.1109/JAIEE.1927.6534988
5262:"Chair's Message, Caltech"
4954:Theories About Engineering
4869:10.1525/hsps.2001.31.2.223
4692:The Engineering Profession
4277:Cambridge University Press
4093:February 18, 2008, at the
4063:Shepherd, William (2011).
3987:Cambridge University Press
3812:Edwards, David N. (2004).
3400:The Rosen Publishing Group
3111:February 16, 2021, at the
2902:List of engineering topics
2867:
2820:, which deal with forming
2457:"engineering scientists".
2446:National Ignition Facility
2420:
2380:
2371:most engineering companies
2231:for electronic engineers;
1774:, mining excavations, and
1735:
1697:
1671:
1631:
1485:
1470:
1408:
1324:
1290:
1252:
1226:
1074:by the late 19th century.
669:. In the Middle Ages, the
409:Hanging Gardens of Babylon
249:
245:
232:(ECPD, the predecessor of
159:engineering design process
47:, the major driver in the
29:
11985:
11833:
11716:
11642:
11638:
11627:
11586:
11536:
11429:
11425:
11412:
11279:
11214:
11171:
11041:
10932:
10872:
10776:
10694:
10690:
10677:
10542:
10433:
10339:
9996:
9764:
9564:
9164:
9157:
9153:
9140:
8947:
8768:
8654:
8431:
8424:
8420:
8407:
8098:
8018:
7850:
7752:
7682:
7625:Semantic view of theories
7544:Epistemological anarchism
7496:
7481:dependent and independent
7218:
7130:
7077:
7061:
7013:
7002:
6777:
6719:
6638:
6563:
6490:
6383:
6370:
6347:
6208:Lord, Charles R. (2000).
5670:. World Scientific. 2001.
5494:October 26, 2018, at the
4890:Career Cornerstone Center
4704:Indu Ramchandani (2000).
4475:Hunter, Louis C. (1985).
4286:10.1017/S1355771817000103
3840:– via Google Books.
3801:– via Google Books.
3709:Daily Life of the Nubians
3251:Oxford English Dictionary
2598:green fluorescent protein
2347:Engineers Against Poverty
2342:Engineers Without Borders
1752:environmental engineering
1617:philosophy of engineering
1502:manufacturing engineering
1307:environmental engineering
1227:For a topical guide, see
856:as a structural material.
774:Book of Ingenious Devices
515:period (911–609) BC. The
355:The Ancient Romans built
286:is derived from the word
149:is the practice of using
11863:Mergers and acquisitions
11604:Research and development
9964:Chemical & hormonal
9619:Communications equipment
7367:Intertheoretic reduction
7356:Ignoramus et ignorabimus
7333:Functional contextualism
6137:The Engineering Handbook
6113:Blockley, David (2012).
5093:Jowitt, Paul W. (2006).
4814:Encyclopaedia Britannica
4315:Professor Noel Sharkey,
4242:(5). Elsevier: 589–603.
4138:Lakwete, Angela (2003).
4032:Eldridge, Frank (1980).
3818:. Taylor & Francis.
3392:Faiella, Graham (2006).
3076:Arizona State University
2717:Art Institute of Chicago
2290:, the design and use of
2215:machining instructions;
1150:solar furnace at Odeillo
693:, first appeared in the
562:, first appeared in the
438:(ramp) were known since
220:, meaning "cleverness".
12049:Engineering occupations
10649:Painting and decorating
9673:Medical imaging systems
9606:Parts & peripherals
8123:Artificial intelligence
7852:Philosophers of science
7630:Scientific essentialism
7579:Model-dependent realism
7514:Constructive empiricism
7407:Evidence-based practice
7023:Bachelor of Engineering
6865:Engineering mathematics
6216:. Libraries Unlimited.
6173:Madhavan, Guru (2015).
6158:(New ed.). Wiley.
6095:April 19, 2007, at the
5920:MIT's Technology Review
5833:April 10, 2007, at the
5786:March 17, 2007, at the
5595:August 1, 2020, at the
5567:August 1, 2020, at the
5418:August 1, 2020, at the
5123:April 14, 2012, at the
4534:. Baltimore, Maryland:
4447:Tylecote, R.F. (1992).
4397:Rosen, William (2012).
4321:University of Sheffield
4177:Pacey, Arnold (1991) .
3608:Selin, Helaine (2013).
3467:Arnold, Dieter (1991).
3256:Oxford University Press
3226:Encyclopedia Britannica
3035:Sustainable engineering
2956:Glossary of engineering
2789:business transformation
2630:artificial intelligence
2507:Navier–Stokes equations
2399:code of ethics states:
2202:product data management
2194:analytic element method
1772:groundwater remediation
1534:information engineering
1166:aircraft design process
1014:Isambard Kingdom Brunel
767:player invented by the
713:, described in 1551 by
681:The earliest practical
588:were employed to build
202:glossary of engineering
11967:State-owned enterprise
11947:Nonprofit organization
11858:Horizontal integration
9666:Scientific instruments
9629:Network infrastructure
8353:Structural engineering
8293:Mechanical engineering
8266:Western and South Asia
7935:Alfred North Whitehead
7925:Charles Sanders Peirce
7122:Structural engineering
7117:Mechanical engineering
6860:Engineering management
6290:Quotations related to
5781:and clinical practice.
5453:Journal of the A.I.E.E
4920:"What is engineering?"
4630:Encyclopedia Americana
4422:Jenkins, Rhys (1936).
4198:. Brill. p. 328.
3531:Wood, Michael (2000).
3156:"About ABET - History"
2985:Earthquake engineering
2870:Outline of engineering
2772:industrial engineering
2763:Engineering management
2702:landscape architecture
2693:
2672:
2660:biomedical engineering
2605:
2574:
2555:
2469:
2449:
2438:
2406:
2360:Engineering for Change
2333:
2294:and the extraction of
2292:sport utility vehicles
2261:
2169:
2143:
2036:appropriate experience
2015:
1967:
1738:Geological engineering
1732:Geological engineering
1718:electrical engineering
1706:electronic engineering
1649:
1506:acoustical engineering
1473:Biological engineering
1411:Mechanical engineering
1405:Mechanical engineering
1379:optoelectronic devices
1338:
1327:Electrical engineering
1321:Electrical engineering
1303:structural engineering
1281:biomolecule production
1241:
1229:Outline of engineering
1161:
1090:electrical engineering
1027:
1002:James Beaumont Neilson
969:
925:Evangelista Torricelli
857:
811:
804:used for raising ore,
644:automotive engineering
360:
321:
272:
267:, designed in 1668 by
252:History of engineering
243:
216:
60:
12054:Philosophy of science
11310:Private investigation
8218:Environmental science
8103:Aerospace engineering
8034:Philosophy portal
7785:Hard and soft science
7780:Faith and rationality
7649:Scientific skepticism
7429:Scientific Revolution
7212:Philosophy of science
7102:Aerospace engineering
7015:Engineering education
5968:July 5, 2006, at the
5323:Engineering education
4899:on September 29, 2011
3979:Donald Routledge Hill
3960:June 6, 2009, at the
3000:Engineering education
2995:Engineering economics
2951:Glossary of chemistry
2838:financial engineering
2834:Marketing engineering
2818:political engineering
2785:management consulting
2723:'s aerospace design.
2680:
2595:
2569:
2530:
2511:finite element method
2463:
2443:
2424:
2401:
2389:engineering societies
2330:DARPA Urban Challenge
2315:
2253:
2225:printed circuit board
2178:computer-aided design
2176:in the profession is
2164:
2128:Space Shuttle orbiter
2125:
2065:are at the heart of "
2005:
1949:
1866:Incorporated Engineer
1858:Professional Engineer
1641:
1634:Aerospace engineering
1628:Aerospace engineering
1609:environmental science
1510:corrosion engineering
1451:, vacuum technology,
1343:broadcast engineering
1334:
1237:
1170:aerospace engineering
1147:
1068:interchangeable parts
1032:Industrial Revolution
1022:
965:
933:Magdeburg hemispheres
893:Newcomen steam engine
846:
799:
753:programmable machines
748:in the 18th century.
746:Industrial Revolution
618:, and the mechanical
612:Antikythera mechanism
521:Great Pyramid of Giza
401:Brihadeeswarar Temple
354:
259:
238:
190:fields of engineering
55:is on display in the
49:Industrial Revolution
42:
11878:Vertical integration
9879:Speciality chemicals
9719:Electrical equipment
9636:Consumer electronics
7760:Criticism of science
7635:Scientific formalism
7519:Constructive realism
7424:Scientific pluralism
7397:Problem of induction
7043:Graduate certificate
5511:. SPIE Press, 2003.
5459:(2): 107–108. 1927.
5409:Whitman-Peck Physics
4759:on February 16, 2007
4576:Cowan, Ruth Schwartz
4127:University of Aleppo
4107:University of Aleppo
4007:Lucas, Adam (2006).
3938:Antiquarian Horology
3040:Women in engineering
2755:Business engineering
2562:Medicine and biology
2448:(NIF) target chamber
2148:application software
2112:forensic engineering
2090:nondestructive tests
1912:improve this article
1814:improve this section
1726:software engineering
1708:required to develop
1700:Computer engineering
1694:Computer engineering
1315:military engineering
1255:Chemical engineering
1249:Chemical engineering
1194:Josiah Willard Gibbs
1138:Chemical engineering
897:Eddystone Lighthouse
785:. He described four
732:was invented in the
628:differential gearing
507:(1991–1802 BC). The
413:Pharos of Alexandria
341:military engineering
211:is derived from the
30:For other uses, see
12059:Main topic articles
11962:Sole proprietorship
11937:Joint-stock company
11206:Veterinary medicine
11031:Property management
10825:Passenger transport
9852:Commodity chemicals
9678:Optical instruments
9646:Video game consoles
9539:Musical instruments
9380:Media reproduction
7827:Rhetoric of science
7765:Descriptive science
7509:Confirmation holism
7402:Scientific evidence
7362:Inductive reasoning
7291:Demarcation problem
7028:Bachelor of Science
6870:Engineering physics
6854:Engineering drawing
6376:Interdisciplinarity
5755:10.1049/ir:20030503
5268:on November 4, 2011
5107:on October 6, 2006.
4810:"Civil Engineering"
4528:Hounshell, David A.
3637:G. Mokhtar (1981).
3369:Courier Corporation
3316:D.T. Potts (2012).
3254:(Online ed.).
3025:Reverse engineering
2961:Glossary of physics
2946:Glossary of biology
2570:A 3 tesla clinical
2496:engineering physics
2434:Theodore von Kármán
1764:building foundation
1605:engineering studies
1594:Engineering Council
1590:nuclear engineering
1453:vibration isolation
1371:electronic circuits
1347:electrical circuits
1265:specialty chemicals
1261:commodity chemicals
1217:theoretical physics
1154:Pyrénées-Orientales
1118:Maxwell's equations
1088:The foundations of
1052:screw cutting lathe
1023:Offshore platform,
885:mechanical engineer
862:classical mechanics
194:applied mathematics
11910:Putting-out system
11419:Information sector
11340:Personal services
10942:Financial services
10414:offshore platforms
10263:advanced materials
10244:Ready-mix concrete
9697:Laser construction
9657:Clocks and watches
9491:Injection moulding
9462:Other fabrication
9415:household hardware
8046:Science portal
7975:Carl Gustav Hempel
7930:Wilhelm Windelband
7817:Questionable cause
7640:Scientific realism
7461:Underdetermination
7296:Empirical evidence
7286:Creative synthesis
6630:Telecommunications
6535:Naval architecture
6014:on August 15, 2003
5301:on August 14, 2013
5189:on October 6, 2014
4808:Watson, J. Garth.
3910:The New York Times
3890:2008-04-28 at the
3371:. pp. 86–90.
3232:on April 25, 2024.
3030:Structural failure
2860:Engineering portal
2814:social engineering
2694:
2656:electrical signals
2606:
2575:
2520:As stated by Fung
2470:
2450:
2383:Engineering ethics
2334:
2326:obstacle avoidance
2262:
2227:(PCB) and circuit
2170:
2144:
2055:Genrich Altshuller
2044:mathematical model
2016:
1972:engineering design
1968:
1862:Chartered Engineer
1756:mining engineering
1674:Marine engineering
1668:Marine engineering
1650:
1613:engineering ethics
1498:mining engineering
1387:telecommunications
1367:electronic devices
1339:
1269:petroleum refining
1242:
1219:with experiments.
1162:
1106:electric telegraph
1028:
970:
858:
812:
761:musical instrument
699:Islamic Golden Age
426:were known in the
361:
273:
61:
18:Engineering branch
12031:
12030:
11981:
11980:
11977:
11976:
11808:Natural resources
11653:Production-based
11623:
11622:
11619:
11618:
11561:Vocational school
11408:
11407:
11404:
11403:
10673:
10672:
10669:
10668:
10634:Electrical wiring
10620:Specialty trades
10574:Civil engineering
10429:
10428:
10103:Vulcanized rubber
9899:Cleaning products
9739:Electric lighting
9456:Surface finishing
9446:Powder metallurgy
9401:Metal fabrication
9147:Industrial sector
9136:
9135:
9132:
9131:
9035:Rare-earth metals
8943:
8942:
8366:
8365:
8348:Scientific naming
8338:Quantum computing
8168:Computer hardware
8163:Clinical research
8158:Civil engineering
8053:
8052:
7895:
7894:
7807:Normative science
7664:Uniformitarianism
7419:Scientific method
7313:Explanatory power
7178:
7177:
7107:Civil engineering
7053:Licensed engineer
7048:Engineer's degree
7000:
6999:
6832:Building services
6815:Health technology
6676:Chemical reaction
6625:Signal processing
6302:Works related to
6244:978-0-8018-4588-8
6223:978-1-56308-699-1
6200:978-0-679-73416-1
6165:978-0-471-14026-9
6146:978-0-8493-1586-2
6124:978-0-19-957869-6
5653:978-1-4438-0813-2
5586:978-1-136-38982-5
5548:978-84-614-7423-3
5517:978-0-8194-4872-9
5394:978-0-8018-3974-0
5118:Home page for EMI
5074:on August 6, 2010
5047:on August 6, 2010
4717:978-0-85229-761-2
4654:978-1-881987-11-6
4614:978-0-19-858159-8
4589:978-0-19-504605-2
4545:978-0-8018-2975-8
4458:978-0-901462-88-6
4433:978-0-8369-2167-0
4408:978-0-226-72634-2
4380:978-0-87332-101-3
4205:978-90-04-25179-3
4151:978-0-8018-7394-2
4074:978-981-4304-13-9
3825:978-0-203-48276-6
3786:978-0-521-86746-7
3718:978-0-313-32501-4
3650:978-0-435-94805-4
3623:978-94-017-1416-7
3582:978-1-134-56388-3
3478:978-0-19-511374-7
3453:978-1-57506-042-2
3409:978-1-4042-0560-4
3378:978-0-486-26485-1
3349:978-90-481-9091-1
3302:978-1-57506-042-2
3262:(Subscription or
3020:Green engineering
2907:List of engineers
2830:political science
2826:social structures
2806:political science
2759:change management
2740:Leonardo da Vinci
2712:of Engineering).
2706:industrial design
2682:Leonardo da Vinci
2515:empirical methods
2188:software such as
2156:numerical methods
2086:destructive tests
2061:, suggested that
1944:
1943:
1936:
1874:European Engineer
1850:
1849:
1842:
1748:civil engineering
1710:computer hardware
1494:naval engineering
1363:electromechanical
1293:Civil engineering
1287:Civil engineering
1178:Sir George Cayley
945:coffee percolator
929:Otto von Guericke
759:, a programmable
632:epicyclic gearing
540:Pyramid of Djoser
517:Egyptian pyramids
446:, along with the
428:ancient Near East
337:civil engineering
144:
143:
16:(Redirected from
12066:
12018:
12017:
12006:
12005:
11994:
11993:
11890:Enforced breakup
11885:Decentralization
11813:Physical capital
11640:
11639:
11629:
11628:
11427:
11426:
11414:
11413:
11290:Customer service
11201:Residential care
11149:Public relations
10957:Financial advice
10934:Asset management
10729:Department store
10692:
10691:
10679:
10678:
10659:Site preparation
10507:Telecom networks
10475:Waste management
10451:Gas distribution
10135:Synthetic fibers
9862:Industrial gases
9601:Computer systems
9535:Medical supplies
9162:
9161:
9155:
9154:
9142:
9141:
8572:Animal husbandry
8543:Medicinal plants
8429:
8428:
8422:
8421:
8409:
8408:
8393:
8386:
8379:
8370:
8369:
8173:Computer science
8080:
8073:
8066:
8057:
8056:
8044:
8043:
8032:
8031:
8030:
8005:Bas van Fraassen
7960:Hans Reichenbach
7940:Bertrand Russell
7857:
7856:
7683:Philosophy of...
7466:Unity of science
7259:Commensurability
7205:
7198:
7191:
7182:
7181:
7168:
7158:
7157:
7148:
7147:
7138:
7137:
7008:
6595:Electromechanics
6381:
6380:
6334:
6327:
6320:
6311:
6310:
6301:
6289:
6277:
6263:
6248:
6227:
6215:
6204:
6192:
6178:
6169:
6150:
6128:
6099:
6087:
6081:
6069:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6058:
6030:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6019:
6010:. Archived from
6004:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5993:
5978:
5972:
5959:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5933:
5924:
5916:
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5906:
5904:
5902:
5887:
5881:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5843:
5837:
5824:
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5810:
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5771:
5770:
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5628:
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5399:
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5371:
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5344:
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5337:
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5317:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5300:
5293:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5264:. Archived from
5257:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5209:"Code of Ethics"
5205:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5185:. Archived from
5181:George Edwards.
5178:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5162:on June 19, 2014
5158:. Archived from
5154:George Edwards.
5151:
5145:
5144:
5143:on May 30, 2014.
5139:. Archived from
5133:
5127:
5115:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5100:. Archived from
5099:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5006:
5000:
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4997:
4995:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4915:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4898:
4892:. Archived from
4887:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4852:
4846:
4836:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4805:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4755:. Archived from
4743:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4729:
4701:
4695:
4689:
4683:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4647:. Ox Bow Press.
4640:
4634:
4633:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4572:
4566:
4565:
4524:
4518:
4517:
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4513:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4472:
4463:
4462:
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4437:
4419:
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4385:
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4347:
4337:
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4288:
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4225:
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4129:
4116:
4110:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4029:
4023:
4022:
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3972:
3966:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3901:
3895:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3753:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
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3559:
3553:
3552:
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3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3435:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3284:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3259:
3247:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3228:. Archived from
3217:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3122:
3116:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3057:
2968:Related subjects
2862:
2857:
2856:
2742:is a well-known
2617:. The fields of
2436:
2288:Three Gorges Dam
2105:factor of safety
2008:steam locomotive
2006:A drawing for a
1960:rotor and stator
1939:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1896:
1888:
1845:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1794:
1786:
1776:natural resource
1449:kinematic chains
1273:microfabrication
1108:in 1816 and the
1094:Alessandro Volta
1007:Bessemer process
990:puddling process
810:
807:
800:A water-powered
494:
491:
484:
481:
422:The six classic
331:
328:
324:
265:Citadel of Lille
219:
136:
129:
122:
63:
62:
21:
12074:
12073:
12069:
12068:
12067:
12065:
12064:
12063:
12034:
12033:
12032:
12027:
12026:
11973:
11942:Nationalization
11829:
11799:Primary inputs
11720:
11712:
11645:
11644:Classification
11634:
11615:
11582:
11532:
11516:Social networks
11433:
11421:
11400:
11384:Business travel
11286:Administrative
11275:
11254:Amusement parks
11218:
11210:
11184:Dentist offices
11167:
11037:
11004:Pension funding
10977:Risk management
10962:Holding company
10928:
10868:
10780:
10772:
10744:Specialty store
10739:Online shopping
10686:
10665:
10538:
10425:
10335:
9992:
9950:Pharmaceuticals
9894:Aroma compounds
9830:Petroleum jelly
9760:
9749:Home appliances
9744:Electric motors
9692:spotting scopes
9653:Instrumentation
9566:
9560:
9542:Office supplies
9149:
9128:
9112:Dimension stone
9046:Other minerals
8991:Mining of ores
8939:
8764:
8650:
8597:Other livestock
8483:Permanent crops
8416:
8403:
8397:
8367:
8362:
8261:Hebrew toponyms
8256:Arabic toponyms
8094:
8084:
8054:
8049:
8038:
8028:
8026:
8014:
7995:Paul Feyerabend
7955:Michael Polanyi
7891:
7877:Galileo Galilei
7846:
7832:Science studies
7748:
7678:
7669:Verificationism
7574:Instrumentalism
7559:Foundationalism
7534:Conventionalism
7492:
7328:Feminist method
7214:
7209:
7179:
7174:
7126:
7073:
7057:
7033:Master's degree
7009:
6996:
6910:Instrumentation
6773:
6715:
6681:Electrochemical
6634:
6620:Radio frequency
6559:
6486:
6450:Municipal/Urban
6374:
6372:
6366:
6343:
6338:
6256:
6251:
6245:
6224:
6201:
6183:Petroski, Henry
6166:
6147:
6125:
6108:
6106:Further reading
6103:
6102:
6097:Wayback Machine
6088:
6084:
6079:Wayback Machine
6070:
6066:
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5579:
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5569:Wayback Machine
5557:
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5540:Wayback Machine
5530:
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5506:
5502:
5496:Wayback Machine
5485:Puttaswamaiah.
5484:
5480:
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5420:Wayback Machine
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5260:Rosakis, Ares.
5258:
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5125:Wayback Machine
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5008:
5007:
5003:
4993:
4991:
4984:Science Buddies
4978:
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4473:
4466:
4459:
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4441:
4434:
4420:
4416:
4409:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4373:. M.E. Sharpe.
4367:
4363:
4356:
4338:
4327:
4314:
4310:
4268:Organised Sound
4259:
4255:
4232:
4228:
4215:
4213:
4206:
4190:
4186:
4175:
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4161:
4159:
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4136:
4132:
4119:Ahmad Y. Hassan
4117:
4113:
4095:Wayback Machine
4086:
4082:
4075:
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4019:
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3684:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3651:
3635:
3631:
3624:
3616:. p. 282.
3606:
3602:
3592:
3590:
3583:
3575:. p. 159.
3560:
3556:
3549:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3513:
3506:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3436:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3410:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3342:. p. 416.
3332:
3325:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3271:
3261:
3241:
3237:
3218:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3180:
3179:
3175:
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3154:
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3149:
3139:
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3124:
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3119:
3113:Wayback Machine
3103:
3099:
3085:
3083:
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3049:
3044:
2965:
2931:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2846:
2802:
2752:
2725:Robert Maillart
2675:
2667:systems biology
2634:neural networks
2564:
2500:applied physics
2480:Walter Vincenti
2437:
2432:
2423:
2418:
2393:codes of ethics
2385:
2379:
2284:nuclear weapons
2248:
2120:
2040:tacit knowledge
2000:
1998:Problem solving
1962:as well as the
1940:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1909:
1897:
1886:
1846:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1811:
1795:
1784:
1740:
1734:
1722:software design
1702:
1696:
1676:
1670:
1636:
1630:
1625:
1490:
1484:
1475:
1469:
1413:
1407:
1395:control systems
1391:instrumentation
1359:electromagnetic
1329:
1323:
1295:
1289:
1257:
1251:
1232:
1225:
1209:Wright brothers
1198:Yale University
1098:Michael Faraday
1056:milling machine
957:Thomas Newcomen
914:Portland cement
887:and an eminent
860:The science of
841:
833:De re metallica
828:De re metallica
808:
757:music sequencer
738:cotton industry
679:
673:was developed.
616:analog computer
505:Twelfth Dynasty
492:
482:
424:simple machines
395:and Colosseum,
389:Roman aqueducts
387:in Greece, the
349:
329:
254:
248:
226:
198:applied science
151:natural science
140:
111:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12072:
12062:
12061:
12056:
12051:
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12029:
12028:
12025:
12024:
12012:
12000:
11987:
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11979:
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11975:
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11972:
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11970:
11969:
11964:
11959:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11924:
11923:
11922:
11920:Temporary work
11917:
11912:
11907:
11902:
11897:
11892:
11882:
11881:
11880:
11875:
11870:
11865:
11860:
11855:
11850:
11843:Centralization
11839:
11837:
11831:
11830:
11828:
11827:
11822:
11817:
11816:
11815:
11810:
11805:
11797:
11792:
11791:
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11759:
11758:
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11748:
11743:
11738:
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11698:
11690:
11689:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11668:
11659:
11650:
11648:
11636:
11635:
11625:
11624:
11621:
11620:
11617:
11616:
11614:
11613:
11612:
11611:
11609:Basic research
11601:
11596:
11590:
11588:
11584:
11583:
11581:
11580:
11575:
11570:
11569:
11568:
11563:
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11529:
11528:
11523:
11518:
11513:
11503:
11502:
11501:
11496:
11491:
11481:
11480:
11479:
11474:
11469:
11461:
11460:
11459:
11454:
11449:
11440:
11438:
11423:
11422:
11410:
11409:
11406:
11405:
11402:
11401:
11399:
11398:
11397:
11396:
11391:
11386:
11378:
11373:
11372:
11371:
11366:
11361:
11356:
11351:
11346:
11338:
11333:
11332:
11331:
11326:
11318:
11317:
11316:
11307:
11302:
11297:
11292:
11283:
11281:
11277:
11276:
11274:
11273:
11271:Tabletop games
11268:
11267:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11243:
11238:
11237:
11236:
11225:
11223:
11212:
11211:
11209:
11208:
11203:
11198:
11197:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11177:
11175:
11169:
11168:
11166:
11165:
11164:
11163:
11153:
11152:
11151:
11146:
11136:
11134:Legal services
11131:
11130:
11129:
11124:
11119:
11109:
11108:
11107:
11105:system testing
11094:
11089:
11075:
11074:
11073:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11047:
11045:
11039:
11038:
11036:
11035:
11034:
11033:
11028:
11018:
11017:
11016:
11011:
11006:
11001:
10996:
10986:
10985:
10984:
10979:
10974:
10969:
10967:Money transfer
10964:
10959:
10954:
10949:
10938:
10936:
10930:
10929:
10927:
10926:
10921:
10920:
10919:
10914:
10909:
10904:
10899:
10894:
10889:
10878:
10876:
10870:
10869:
10867:
10866:
10865:
10864:
10854:
10853:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10840:Passenger rail
10837:
10832:
10822:
10821:
10820:
10815:
10810:
10808:Moving company
10805:
10800:
10795:
10784:
10782:
10774:
10773:
10771:
10770:
10769:
10768:
10763:
10758:
10748:
10747:
10746:
10741:
10736:
10731:
10726:
10721:
10716:
10714:Consumer goods
10711:
10709:Car dealership
10700:
10698:
10688:
10687:
10684:Service sector
10675:
10674:
10671:
10670:
10667:
10666:
10664:
10663:
10662:
10661:
10656:
10651:
10646:
10641:
10636:
10631:
10626:
10618:
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10611:
10606:
10601:
10596:
10591:
10586:
10581:
10571:
10570:
10569:
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10559:
10548:
10546:
10540:
10539:
10537:
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10535:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10514:
10504:
10499:
10498:
10497:
10492:
10487:
10482:
10472:
10471:
10470:
10460:
10459:
10458:
10453:
10448:
10439:
10437:
10431:
10430:
10427:
10426:
10424:
10423:
10418:
10417:
10416:
10407:
10402:
10387:
10382:
10381:
10380:
10371:
10366:
10361:
10356:
10345:
10343:
10341:Heavy industry
10337:
10336:
10334:
10333:
10328:
10327:
10326:
10321:
10311:
10310:
10309:
10299:
10298:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10280:Metal refining
10277:
10276:
10275:
10273:Synthetic gems
10270:
10265:
10256:
10250:Other mineral
10248:
10247:
10246:
10241:
10236:
10226:
10225:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10194:
10193:
10192:
10187:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10163:
10158:
10148:
10147:
10146:
10140:Thermoplastics
10137:
10132:
10127:
10122:
10117:
10107:
10106:
10105:
10100:
10090:
10089:
10088:
10083:
10078:
10073:
10063:
10062:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10031:
10030:
10029:
10020:
10015:
10000:
9998:
9994:
9993:
9991:
9990:
9989:
9988:
9983:
9978:
9973:
9968:
9966:contraceptives
9962:
9960:Blood products
9957:
9947:
9945:Fine chemicals
9942:
9941:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9916:
9911:
9906:
9901:
9896:
9891:
9886:
9876:
9875:
9874:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9849:
9848:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9825:Petrochemicals
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9770:
9768:
9762:
9761:
9759:
9758:
9757:
9756:
9751:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9726:
9716:
9715:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9685:
9675:
9670:
9669:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9650:
9649:
9648:
9643:
9633:
9632:
9631:
9626:
9616:
9615:
9614:
9608:
9603:
9593:
9592:
9591:
9589:Semiconductors
9586:
9584:Circuit boards
9581:
9570:
9568:
9562:
9561:
9559:
9558:
9557:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9543:
9540:
9537:
9532:
9529:
9524:
9518:
9515:
9514:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9460:
9459:
9458:
9453:
9451:Prefabrication
9448:
9443:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9408:
9398:
9397:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9384:Cassette tapes
9378:
9377:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9346:
9345:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9304:
9303:
9302:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9252:
9251:
9250:
9245:
9242:
9239:
9234:
9224:
9223:
9222:
9220:Vegetable oils
9217:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9194:
9193:Dairy products
9191:
9186:
9181:
9170:
9168:
9166:Light industry
9159:
9151:
9150:
9138:
9137:
9134:
9133:
9130:
9129:
9127:
9126:
9125:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9074:
9073:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9044:
9043:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8989:
8988:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8951:
8949:
8945:
8944:
8941:
8940:
8938:
8937:
8936:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8907:
8906:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8855:
8854:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8772:
8770:
8766:
8765:
8763:
8762:
8761:
8760:
8755:
8748:Wild mushrooms
8745:
8744:
8743:
8738:
8725:
8723:Natural rubber
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8690:
8685:
8684:
8683:
8673:
8672:
8671:
8660:
8658:
8652:
8651:
8649:
8648:
8647:
8646:
8636:
8635:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8569:
8568:
8567:
8562:
8552:
8551:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8508:Tropical fruit
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8480:
8479:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8441:Arable farming
8437:
8435:
8426:
8418:
8417:
8414:Natural sector
8405:
8404:
8396:
8395:
8388:
8381:
8373:
8364:
8363:
8361:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8313:Nanotechnology
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8283:Machine vision
8280:
8275:
8270:
8269:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8240:
8239:
8238:
8233:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8209:
8208:
8203:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8086:Glossaries of
8083:
8082:
8075:
8068:
8060:
8051:
8050:
8048:
8036:
8024:
8019:
8016:
8015:
8013:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7980:W. V. O. Quine
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7915:Rudolf Steiner
7912:
7907:
7905:Henri Poincaré
7902:
7896:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7863:
7861:
7854:
7848:
7847:
7845:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7803:
7802:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7775:Exact sciences
7772:
7767:
7762:
7756:
7754:
7753:Related topics
7750:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7745:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7712:Social science
7709:
7708:
7707:
7705:Space and time
7697:
7692:
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7414:Scientific law
7411:
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7379:
7374:
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7364:
7359:
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7325:
7323:Falsifiability
7320:
7315:
7310:
7309:
7308:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7282:
7281:
7271:
7266:
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7256:
7255:
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7252:Mill's Methods
7244:
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7065:
7063:
7062:Related topics
7059:
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7011:
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6989:
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6982:Sustainability
6979:
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6857:
6851:
6846:
6844:Geoengineering
6841:
6840:
6839:
6829:
6828:
6827:
6825:Rehabilitation
6822:
6820:Pharmaceutical
6817:
6812:
6807:
6805:Bioinformatics
6797:
6792:
6787:
6781:
6779:
6775:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6766:
6764:Semiconductors
6761:
6756:
6754:Nanotechnology
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6470:Transportation
6467:
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6329:
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6314:
6308:
6307:
6295:
6283:
6282:at Wikiversity
6271:
6255:
6254:External links
6252:
6250:
6249:
6243:
6228:
6222:
6205:
6199:
6179:
6177:. W.W. Norton.
6170:
6164:
6151:
6145:
6135:, ed. (2005).
6129:
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6109:
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6101:
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6082:
6064:
6046:978-0691024219
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4432:
4414:
4407:
4386:
4379:
4361:
4355:978-0802016379
4354:
4325:
4308:
4253:
4226:
4204:
4184:
4169:
4150:
4130:
4111:
4099:Ahmad Y Hassan
4080:
4073:
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4024:
4017:
3999:
3975:Ahmad Y Hassan
3967:
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3928:
3896:
3876:
3863:(5): 399–416.
3843:
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3765:
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3581:
3563:Kemp, Barry J.
3554:
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3484:
3477:
3459:
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3402:. p. 27.
3384:
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3320:. p. 285.
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2611:brain implants
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2381:Main article:
2378:
2377:Code of ethics
2375:
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2246:Social context
2244:
2182:digital mockup
2140:heat equations
2119:
2116:
2051:design choices
1999:
1996:
1992:specifications
1988:serviceability
1942:
1941:
1900:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1848:
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1798:
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1789:
1783:
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1736:Main article:
1733:
1730:
1698:Main article:
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1692:
1672:Main article:
1669:
1666:
1632:Main article:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1486:Main article:
1483:
1480:
1471:Main article:
1468:
1467:Bioengineering
1465:
1433:transportation
1429:weapon systems
1409:Main article:
1406:
1403:
1375:optical fibers
1336:Electric motor
1325:Main article:
1322:
1319:
1299:infrastructure
1291:Main article:
1288:
1285:
1253:Main article:
1250:
1247:
1224:
1221:
1122:Heinrich Hertz
1110:electric motor
1044:boring machine
1040:John Wilkinson
1025:Gulf of Mexico
1000:, patented by
992:, patented by
986:horse railways
978:blast furnaces
974:blast furnaces
949:Samuel Morland
901:hydraulic lime
840:
837:
742:spinning jenny
730:spinning wheel
705:machine was a
685:machines, the
678:
675:
608:Ancient Greece
602:blast furnaces
572:developed the
564:Persian Empire
554:machines, the
493: 2000 BC
485:, and then in
483: 3000 BC
448:wheel and axle
436:inclined plane
348:
345:
250:Main article:
247:
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163:infrastructure
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11999:
11998:
11989:
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11957:Privatization
11955:
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11731:Externalities
11729:
11728:
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11707:
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11699:
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11694:
11693:
11692:Market-based
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11463:Audio-visual
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11216:Entertainment
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10997:
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10987:
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10972:Payment cards
10970:
10968:
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10960:
10958:
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10908:
10907:Food delivery
10905:
10903:
10900:
10898:
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10893:
10890:
10888:
10887:Drink service
10885:
10884:
10883:
10880:
10879:
10877:
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10871:
10863:
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10809:
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10804:
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10799:
10796:
10794:
10791:
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10789:
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10785:
10783:
10781:& Storage
10779:
10775:
10767:
10764:
10762:
10759:
10757:
10754:
10753:
10752:
10749:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10724:Grocery store
10722:
10720:
10719:General store
10717:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10706:
10705:
10702:
10701:
10699:
10697:
10693:
10689:
10685:
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10676:
10660:
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10650:
10647:
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10576:
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10572:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10554:
10553:
10550:
10549:
10547:
10545:
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10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10509:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10496:
10493:
10491:
10488:
10486:
10483:
10481:
10478:
10477:
10476:
10473:
10469:
10466:
10465:
10464:
10461:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10444:
10443:
10441:
10440:
10438:
10436:
10432:
10422:
10419:
10415:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10405:Rail vehicles
10403:
10401:
10397:
10394:
10393:
10392:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10379:
10378:wind turbines
10375:
10372:
10370:
10369:Machine tools
10367:
10365:
10362:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10351:
10350:
10347:
10346:
10344:
10342:
10338:
10332:
10329:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10316:
10315:
10312:
10308:
10305:
10304:
10303:
10300:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10282:
10281:
10278:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10260:
10259:Carbon fibers
10257:
10255:
10252:
10251:
10249:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10231:
10230:
10227:
10223:
10220:
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10208:
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10069:
10068:
10067:
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10057:
10055:
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10037:
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10032:
10028:
10024:
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10019:
10016:
10014:
10010:
10007:
10006:
10005:
10002:
10001:
9999:
9995:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9976:Illegal drugs
9974:
9972:
9971:Generic drugs
9969:
9967:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9952:
9951:
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9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9905:
9902:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9889:Agrochemicals
9887:
9885:
9882:
9881:
9880:
9877:
9873:
9872:Pure elements
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9854:
9853:
9850:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9840:Synthetic oil
9838:
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9828:
9826:
9823:
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9813:
9811:
9808:
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9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9777:
9776:
9772:
9771:
9769:
9767:
9763:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
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9742:
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9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9721:
9720:
9717:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9702:Lens grinding
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9681:
9680:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
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9654:
9651:
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9639:
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9637:
9634:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9624:Mobile phones
9622:
9621:
9620:
9617:
9613:
9612:storage media
9609:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9599:
9598:
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9594:
9590:
9587:
9585:
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9580:
9577:
9576:
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9572:
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9569:
9567:& optical
9563:
9555:
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9533:
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9438:
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9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9403:
9402:
9399:
9395:
9394:Optical discs
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9381:
9379:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
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9343:
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9325:
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9309:
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9283:
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9278:
9276:
9273:
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9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9257:
9256:
9253:
9249:
9246:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9237:Bottled water
9235:
9233:
9230:
9229:
9228:
9225:
9221:
9218:
9216:
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9211:
9208:
9206:
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9182:
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9171:
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9167:
9163:
9160:
9158:Manufacturing
9156:
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9148:
9143:
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9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
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9063:
9061:
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9051:
9048:
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9045:
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9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
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9013:
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8981:
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8976:
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8963:
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8956:
8953:
8952:
8950:
8946:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8918:Sea cucumbers
8916:
8914:
8911:
8910:
8908:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
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8879:
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8834:
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8829:
8827:
8824:
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8817:
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8812:
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8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
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8782:
8779:
8778:
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8774:
8773:
8771:
8767:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8750:
8749:
8746:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8733:
8729:
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8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
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8695:
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8682:
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8677:
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8670:
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8628:
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8620:
8618:
8615:
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8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8582:Dairy farming
8580:
8578:
8575:
8574:
8573:
8570:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8557:
8556:
8553:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8488:Apples et al.
8486:
8485:
8484:
8481:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
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8442:
8439:
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8415:
8410:
8406:
8402:
8394:
8389:
8387:
8382:
8380:
8375:
8374:
8371:
8359:
8356:
8354:
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8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
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8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
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8289:
8286:
8284:
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8276:
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8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
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8247:
8244:
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8241:
8237:
8234:
8232:
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8211:
8207:
8204:
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8199:
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8179:
8176:
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8149:
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8139:
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8134:
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8129:
8126:
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8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
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8101:
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8097:
8093:
8089:
8081:
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8074:
8069:
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8062:
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8047:
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8037:
8035:
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8023:
8020:
8017:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7965:Rudolf Carnap
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
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7943:
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7938:
7936:
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7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7900:Auguste Comte
7898:
7897:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7872:Francis Bacon
7870:
7868:
7865:
7864:
7862:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7849:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
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7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
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7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7801:
7800:Pseudoscience
7798:
7797:
7796:
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7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
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7778:
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7706:
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7698:
7696:
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7691:
7688:
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7681:
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7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7659:Structuralism
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7622:
7621:Received view
7619:
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7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
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7595:
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7532:
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7529:Contextualism
7527:
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7260:
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6531:
6528:
6526:
6525:Manufacturing
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6515:Biomechanical
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6497:
6495:
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6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6414:
6413:Environmental
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6393:Architectural
6391:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6369:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6335:
6330:
6328:
6323:
6321:
6316:
6315:
6312:
6306:at Wikisource
6305:
6300:
6296:
6293:
6288:
6284:
6281:
6276:
6272:
6270:at Wiktionary
6269:
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6157:
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6148:
6142:
6138:
6134:
6133:Dorf, Richard
6130:
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6110:
6098:
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6091:
6086:
6080:
6076:
6073:
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5958:
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5915:
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5896:
5892:
5886:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5868:
5857:September 27,
5852:
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5707:
5696:September 10,
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5379:
5363:
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5349:
5342:
5341:been ...
5329:
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5024:September 15,
5019:
5015:
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5005:
4994:September 15,
4989:
4985:
4981:
4975:
4964:September 15,
4959:
4955:
4951:
4945:
4934:September 15,
4929:
4925:
4921:
4914:
4895:
4891:
4884:
4878:
4870:
4866:
4863:(2): 223–48.
4862:
4858:
4851:
4845:
4844:0-8493-2121-2
4841:
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4811:
4804:
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4709:
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4693:
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4680:nuclear power
4676:
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4096:
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4084:
4076:
4070:
4066:
4059:
4051:
4049:0-442-26134-9
4045:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4035:Wind Machines
4028:
4020:
4018:90-04-14649-0
4014:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3995:0-521-42239-6
3992:
3988:
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3866:
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3854:
3847:
3836:September 23,
3831:
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3816:
3808:
3797:September 23,
3792:
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3548:0-8225-2996-3
3544:
3540:
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3527:
3511:
3507:
3505:0-8225-2994-7
3501:
3497:
3496:
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3480:
3474:
3470:
3463:
3455:
3449:
3446:. p. 4.
3445:
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3405:
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3397:
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3304:
3298:
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3290:
3283:
3273:
3265:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3246:
3239:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3222:"engineering"
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3126:"About IAENG"
3121:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3101:
3094:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3063:
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2760:
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2747:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2691:
2687:
2686:human anatomy
2683:
2679:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2635:
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2573:
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2536:
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2523:
2518:
2516:
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2503:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2476:
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2462:
2458:
2454:
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2435:
2429:
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2413:
2411:
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2400:
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2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2276:
2275:engineering.
2274:
2270:
2269:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2243:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2101:arms industry
2097:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2009:
2004:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1938:
1935:
1927:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1901:This section
1899:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1844:
1841:
1833:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1799:This section
1797:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1779:
1778:exploration.
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1684:oil platforms
1681:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1640:
1635:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1558:architectural
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1542:environmental
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1479:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:manufacturing
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1246:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1168:design while
1167:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1114:James Maxwell
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1042:invented his
1041:
1037:
1036:machine tools
1033:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
968:
964:
960:
958:
954:
953:Thomas Savery
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
917:
915:
911:
906:
903:' (a form of
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
881:
877:
874:
872:
871:mechanic arts
867:
863:
855:
851:
845:
836:
834:
830:
829:
823:
821:
817:
803:
798:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
751:The earliest
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:Islamic world
731:
727:
722:
720:
719:Ottoman Egypt
716:
712:
711:steam turbine
708:
704:
703:steam-powered
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:water-powered
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:ancient Egypt
498:
488:
477:
473:
469:
465:
464:balance scale
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:ancient Egypt
366:
358:
353:
344:
342:
338:
333:
323:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
242:
237:
235:
231:
221:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
137:
132:
130:
125:
123:
118:
117:
115:
114:
108:
105:
103:
100:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
74:
72:
71:
68:
65:
64:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
12020:
12008:
11996:
11915:Spinning-off
11900:Homesteading
11853:Conglomerate
11835:Organization
11788:Raw material
11783:Intermediate
11662:
11661:
11484:Broadcasting
11389:Cruise lines
11359:Maid service
11349:Dry cleaning
11320:Maintenance
11081:
11078:Architecture
11043:Professional
10862:Self storage
10766:Distribution
10544:Construction
10389:Other heavy
10314:Formed metal
10268:Mineral wool
10190:Safety glass
10161:Fused quartz
10156:Borosilicate
9820:Paraffin wax
9775:oil refining
9754:Transformers
9520:Other goods
9506:Stonemasonry
9486:Glassblowing
9471:Blow molding
9430:Locksmithing
9406:Boilermaking
8955:Fossil fuels
8753:Fungiculture
8708:Gutta-percha
8698:Frankincense
8693:Tree tapping
8664:Silviculture
8644:Fur trapping
8555:Horticulture
8503:Stone fruits
8197:Engineering
8148:Cell biology
8118:Architecture
8091:
8010:Larry Laudan
7990:Imre Lakatos
7945:Otto Neurath
7920:Karl Pearson
7910:Pierre Duhem
7882:Isaac Newton
7812:Protoscience
7770:Epistemology
7644:Anti-realism
7642: /
7623: /
7614: /
7600: /
7598:Reductionism
7596: /
7569:Inductionism
7549:Evolutionism
7354:
7241:a posteriori
7240:
7236:
7086:Engineering
6932:Mechatronics
6785:Agricultural
6435:Geotechnical
6403:Construction
6340:
6294:at Wikiquote
6266:
6233:
6211:
6188:
6174:
6155:
6136:
6114:
6085:
6067:
6055:. Retrieved
6035:
6028:
6016:. Retrieved
6012:the original
6002:
5990:. Retrieved
5976:
5957:
5945:. Retrieved
5919:
5899:. Retrieved
5885:
5867:
5855:. Retrieved
5841:
5807:. Retrieved
5794:
5775:
5763:. Retrieved
5749:(5): 30–33.
5746:
5742:
5732:
5720:. Retrieved
5706:
5694:. Retrieved
5686:www.nspe.org
5685:
5676:
5667:
5662:
5642:
5635:
5625:December 23,
5623:. Retrieved
5603:
5576:
5560:
5554:
5527:
5508:
5503:
5487:
5481:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5434:
5408:
5403:
5384:
5378:
5368:September 7,
5366:. Retrieved
5357:
5348:
5339:
5332:. Retrieved
5322:
5315:
5303:. Retrieved
5296:the original
5282:
5270:. Retrieved
5266:the original
5255:
5243:. Retrieved
5229:
5217:. Retrieved
5203:
5191:. Retrieved
5187:the original
5176:
5164:. Retrieved
5160:the original
5149:
5141:the original
5131:
5113:
5102:the original
5088:
5078:December 30,
5076:. Retrieved
5072:the original
5061:
5051:December 30,
5049:. Retrieved
5045:the original
5034:
5022:. Retrieved
5014:www.asce.org
5013:
5004:
4992:. Retrieved
4983:
4974:
4962:. Retrieved
4953:
4944:
4932:. Retrieved
4924:Live Science
4923:
4913:
4901:. Retrieved
4894:the original
4889:
4877:
4860:
4856:
4850:
4834:
4822:. Retrieved
4813:
4803:
4791:. Retrieved
4773:
4761:. Retrieved
4757:the original
4750:
4741:
4733:
4726:. Retrieved
4706:
4699:
4687:
4663:
4644:
4638:
4629:
4623:
4604:
4598:
4579:
4570:
4531:
4522:
4512:November 10,
4510:. Retrieved
4492:
4485:
4476:
4448:
4442:
4423:
4417:
4398:
4370:
4364:
4343:
4311:
4272:
4266:
4256:
4239:
4235:
4229:
4221:
4214:. Retrieved
4194:
4187:
4178:
4172:
4160:. Retrieved
4140:
4133:
4122:
4114:
4102:
4083:
4064:
4058:
4034:
4027:
4008:
4002:
3982:
3970:
3950:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3921:February 21,
3919:. Retrieved
3908:
3899:
3879:
3860:
3856:
3846:
3834:. Retrieved
3814:
3807:
3795:. Retrieved
3775:
3768:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3708:
3702:
3690:. Retrieved
3688:. Tour Egypt
3680:
3671:
3659:. Retrieved
3639:
3632:
3609:
3603:
3591:. Retrieved
3567:
3557:
3533:
3526:
3514:. Retrieved
3494:
3487:
3468:
3462:
3439:
3418:. Retrieved
3394:
3387:
3364:
3358:
3335:
3317:
3311:
3288:
3282:
3272:
3249:
3238:
3230:the original
3225:
3190:. Retrieved
3176:
3164:. Retrieved
3150:
3140:December 17,
3138:. Retrieved
3129:
3120:
3100:
3091:
3084:. Retrieved
3065:
3055:
2832:principles.
2809:
2803:
2800:Other fields
2753:
2737:
2714:
2698:architecture
2695:
2664:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2623:
2607:
2576:
2556:
2531:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2504:
2492:
2473:
2472:In the book
2471:
2455:
2451:
2426:
2425:
2407:
2402:
2386:
2367:
2335:
2304:
2281:
2277:
2266:
2263:
2237:
2206:
2198:
2174:design tools
2171:
2145:
2118:Computer use
2109:
2098:
2094:stress tests
2078:scale models
2071:
2048:
2017:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1950:Design of a
1930:
1921:
1910:Please help
1905:verification
1902:
1851:
1836:
1827:
1812:Please help
1800:
1741:
1703:
1677:
1651:
1643:
1598:
1562:agricultural
1491:
1476:
1461:mechatronics
1414:
1340:
1296:
1277:fermentation
1258:
1243:
1202:
1189:
1183:
1163:
1087:
1084:
1076:
1064:metal planer
1060:turret lathe
1048:machine tool
1029:
1011:
971:
918:
880:John Smeaton
878:
875:
859:
854:wrought iron
832:
826:
824:
813:
791:drum machine
772:
750:
723:
709:driven by a
695:Muslim world
683:wind-powered
680:
648:
606:
568:
544:Step Pyramid
525:
513:Neo-Assyrian
421:
362:
334:
318:
309:
301:
297:siege engine
295:
291:
287:
283:
281:
274:
239:
227:
208:
206:
187:
146:
145:
66:
45:steam engine
36:
12044:Engineering
11952:Partnership
11932:Cooperative
11905:Outsourcing
11895:Freelancing
11773:Commodities
11477:Video games
11452:Periodicals
11329:Landscaping
11259:Fairgrounds
11161:Advertising
11082:engineering
11066:Bookkeeping
11021:Real estate
11014:Reinsurance
10912:Restaurants
10882:Foodservice
10874:Hospitality
10857:Warehousing
10845:Ridesharing
10835:Car rentals
10567:Residential
10502:Remediation
10385:Automobiles
10207:Earthenware
10176:Glass fiber
10171:Float glass
9981:Supplements
9955:Antibiotics
9857:Fertilizers
9815:Mineral oil
9790:Diesel fuel
9773:Coal &
9733:fiber optic
9707:Microscopes
9661:GPS devices
9641:Televisions
9574:Electronics
9565:Electrical
9511:Woodworking
9466:3D printing
9425:Gunsmithing
9389:Phonographs
9374:Typesetting
9354:Bookbinding
9317:Dressmaking
9312:Accessories
9244:Soft drinks
9179:Animal feed
8970:Natural gas
8858:Aquaculture
8841:Sea urchins
8713:Maple syrup
8587:Fur farming
8577:Beef cattle
8513:Viticulture
8461:Fiber crops
8433:Agriculture
8318:Ornithology
8303:Meteorology
8288:Mathematics
8278:Ichthyology
8113:Archaeology
8108:Agriculture
8092:engineering
8000:Ian Hacking
7985:Thomas Kuhn
7970:Karl Popper
7950:C. D. Broad
7867:Roger Bacon
7795:Non-science
7737:Linguistics
7717:Archaeology
7612:Rationalism
7602:Determinism
7589:Physicalism
7554:Fallibilism
7504:Coherentism
7434:Testability
7387:Observation
7382:Objectivity
7343:alternative
7274:Correlation
7264:Consilience
7160:Wikiproject
6915:and Control
6905:Information
6729:Biomaterial
6659:Bioresource
6650:/Bioprocess
6648:Biochemical
6600:Electronics
6371:Specialties
6341:Engineering
6304:Engineering
6292:Engineering
6280:Engineering
6267:engineering
6193:. Vintage.
5533:pp. 5929–34
5358:esm.psu.edu
5305:October 15,
5272:October 15,
4682:is ...
4279:: 195–205.
4216:October 13,
4162:October 13,
3516:October 13,
3444:Eisenbrauns
3420:October 13,
3293:Eisenbrauns
2810:engineering
2808:, the term
2744:Renaissance
2638:fuzzy logic
2572:MRI scanner
2535:mathematics
2273:open-design
2082:simulations
2063:compromises
2024:mathematics
1964:steam cycle
1884:Methodology
1455:equipment,
1445:powertrains
1441:compressors
1399:electronics
1213:World War I
1130:vacuum tube
1126:electronics
937:Denis Papin
820:clockmakers
816:millwrights
809: 1556
697:during the
677:Middle Ages
636:gear trains
556:water wheel
503:during the
452:Mesopotamia
442:times. The
440:prehistoric
397:Teotihuacán
377:Mesopotamia
347:Ancient era
330: 1250
284:engineering
209:engineering
175:electronics
155:mathematics
147:Engineering
67:Engineering
53:beam engine
12038:Categories
11825:Technology
11795:Innovation
11756:Well-being
11566:University
11499:Television
11436:Mass media
11431:Publishing
11264:Nightclubs
11173:Healthcare
11144:Consulting
11139:Management
11087:Inspection
11071:Tax advice
11051:Accounting
10982:Securities
10798:Intermodal
10734:Mail order
10629:Demolition
10562:Industrial
10557:Commercial
10480:Collection
10331:Cast metal
10217:Refractory
10185:fiberglass
10181:Glass wool
10144:thermosets
10120:Engineered
10049:Engineered
10044:Sawmilling
9938:Toiletries
9909:Explosives
9729:Electrical
9712:Telescopes
9579:Components
9337:Shoemaking
9055:Phosphorus
8948:Geological
8898:Microalgae
8741:Pine resin
8728:Palm sugar
8703:Gum arabic
8617:Beekeeping
8456:Vegetables
8401:industries
8333:Psychiatry
8242:Geography
8213:Entomology
7887:David Hume
7860:Precursors
7742:Psychology
7722:Economics
7616:Empiricism
7607:Pragmatism
7594:Positivism
7584:Naturalism
7454:scientific
7338:Hypothesis
7301:Experiment
7079:Glossaries
6900:Industrial
6880:Facilities
6875:Explosives
6800:Biomedical
6795:Automation
6744:Metallurgy
6654:Biological
6605:Microwaves
6565:Electrical
6510:Automotive
6492:Mechanical
6465:Structural
6430:Geological
6418:Ecological
6408:Earthquake
5743:IEE Review
5245:August 13,
4562:1104810110
3744:(5): 399.
3593:August 20,
3266:required.)
3245:"engineer"
3192:August 10,
3047:References
2934:Glossaries
2767:management
2690:physiology
2615:pacemakers
2587:technology
2583:human body
2302:policies.
2229:schematics
2204:software.
2184:(DMU) and
2167:hyperlinks
2136:fluid flow
2074:prototypes
1744:geological
1680:watercraft
1658:satellites
1582:industrial
1574:geological
1570:biomedical
1566:biosystems
1530:electronic
1522:automotive
1435:products,
1427:products,
1351:generators
1239:Hoover Dam
1184:The first
1174:spacecraft
1134:transistor
994:Henry Cort
931:using the
866:profession
839:Modern era
802:mine hoist
726:cotton gin
707:steam jack
624:Archimedes
620:inventions
598:Bloomeries
399:, and the
261:Relief map
224:Definition
157:, and the
11927:Ownership
11873:Monopsony
11751:Pollution
11736:Community
11646:standards
11551:Secondary
11538:Education
11521:Streaming
11189:Hospitals
11180:Medicine
11156:Marketing
11092:Surveying
11056:Assurance
11026:Brokerage
10989:Insurance
10917:Teahouses
10902:Fast food
10793:Air cargo
10778:Transport
10761:Brokerage
10751:Wholesale
10639:Elevators
10624:Cabinetry
10552:Buildings
10532:Telephone
10527:Satellite
10495:Recycling
10490:Hazardous
10456:Renewable
10435:Utilities
10396:Aerospace
10364:Hydraulic
10354:Conveyors
10349:Machinery
10254:Abrasives
10212:Porcelain
10166:Soda-lime
10125:Specialty
10115:Commodity
10076:Cardboard
10059:Composite
9997:Materials
9914:Fireworks
9904:Cosmetics
9884:Adhesives
9766:Chemicals
9724:Batteries
9596:Computers
9531:Jewellery
9517:Furniture
9501:Sintering
9481:Extrusion
9435:Machining
9411:Builders'
9364:Engraving
9359:Embossing
9342:Tailoring
9327:Hatmaking
9227:Beverages
9210:Preserved
9107:Limestone
9077:Quarrying
9050:Gemstones
9020:Palladium
8985:Tar sands
8980:Petroleum
8975:Oil shale
8821:Swordfish
8781:Anchovies
8622:Cochineal
8188:Economics
8153:Chemistry
8128:Astronomy
7727:Geography
7695:Chemistry
7654:Scientism
7449:ladenness
7269:Construct
7247:Causality
7038:Doctorate
6952:Packaging
6922:Logistics
6895:Geomatics
6856:/graphics
6749:Molecular
6739:Corrosion
6721:Materials
6701:Petroleum
6691:Molecular
6573:Broadcast
6555:Tribology
6505:Aerospace
6440:Hydraulic
6057:March 31,
6018:March 31,
5992:March 30,
5901:March 30,
5809:March 30,
5722:March 30,
4903:August 2,
4824:April 11,
4763:August 8,
4728:March 23,
4303:143427257
4295:1355-7718
3985:, p. 54.
3760:0093-4690
3573:Routledge
3166:April 27,
3130:iaeng.org
3086:August 3,
2822:political
2602:wild-type
2551:mechanics
2543:chemistry
2488:chemistry
2410:Iron Ring
2132:modelling
2067:low-level
2032:economics
1975:careers.
1924:June 2020
1870:Ingenieur
1830:June 2020
1801:does not
1768:landslide
1586:materials
1538:petroleum
1518:aerospace
1421:aerospace
1419:systems,
1385:systems,
1365:devices,
1311:surveying
1102:Georg Ohm
998:Hot blast
967:Jumbo Jet
921:barometer
889:physicist
850:cast iron
787:automaton
769:Banu Musa
691:wind pump
671:trebuchet
655:artillery
590:causeways
582:reservoir
560:watermill
460:Near East
405:Thanjavur
393:Via Appia
385:Parthenon
381:Acropolis
373:ziggurats
357:aqueducts
292:engine'er
282:The term
207:The term
185:systems.
179:materials
167:machinery
86:Glossary
11997:Category
11868:Monopoly
11820:Services
11599:Language
11594:Creative
11578:Tutoring
11556:Tertiary
11526:Websites
11506:Internet
11457:Software
11443:Written
11364:Pet care
11324:Janitors
11314:security
11305:Staffing
11229:Gambling
11122:Interior
11103:, &
11097:Physical
11009:Property
10897:Catering
10830:Airlines
10818:Trucking
10654:Plumbing
10609:Dredging
10584:Railways
10517:Internet
10512:Cable TV
10446:Electric
10391:vehicles
10290:Aluminum
10197:Ceramics
10110:Plastics
10023:Currying
10013:deliming
9986:Vaccines
9928:Perfumes
9867:Pigments
9810:Kerosene
9805:Jet fuel
9800:Gasoline
9795:Fuel oil
9527:Bicycles
9441:smithing
9349:Printing
9307:Clothing
9275:Spinning
9255:Textiles
9205:Prepared
9025:Platinum
8995:Aluminum
8923:Scallops
8836:Lobsters
8811:Mackerel
8791:Sardines
8758:Truffles
8734:, &
8681:Firewood
8656:Forestry
8466:Oilseeds
8358:Virology
8343:Robotics
8308:Mycology
8298:Medicine
8143:Calculus
8022:Category
7674:Vitalism
7497:Theories
7471:Variable
7392:Paradigm
7279:function
7237:A priori
7226:Analysis
7219:Concepts
7140:Category
7069:Engineer
6977:Software
6972:Security
6947:Ontology
6937:Military
6927:Robotics
6890:Forensic
6810:Clinical
6769:Surfaces
6759:Polymers
6734:Ceramics
6711:Reaction
6640:Chemical
6578:Computer
6500:Acoustic
6455:Offshore
6423:Sanitary
6185:(1992).
6093:Archived
6075:Archived
6051:Archived
5986:Archived
5966:Archived
5947:April 6,
5941:Archived
5895:Archived
5875:Archived
5851:Archived
5831:Archived
5803:Archived
5784:Archived
5765:March 3,
5759:Archived
5716:Archived
5690:Archived
5616:Archived
5593:Archived
5565:Archived
5536:Archived
5492:Archived
5473:51673339
5416:Archived
5362:Archived
5334:June 27,
5328:Archived
5239:Archived
5219:July 12,
5213:Archived
5193:June 19,
5166:June 19,
5121:Archived
5018:Archived
4988:Archived
4958:Archived
4928:Archived
4818:Archived
4787:Archived
4722:Archived
4671:Archived
4578:(1997).
4554:83016269
4530:(1984).
4506:Archived
4502:16011753
4210:Archived
4156:Archived
4121:(1976),
4101:(1976),
4091:Archived
3981:(1986).
3958:Archived
3915:Archived
3888:Archived
3830:Archived
3791:Archived
3661:June 19,
3655:Archived
3587:Archived
3565:(2007).
3510:Archived
3414:Archived
3186:Archived
3160:Archived
3134:Archived
3109:Archived
3080:Archived
2990:Engineer
2844:See also
2750:Business
2642:robotics
2579:Medicine
2431:—
2268:pro bono
2138:and the
1854:engineer
1782:Practice
1714:software
1654:aircraft
1554:software
1526:computer
1478:organs.
1425:aircraft
1383:computer
1132:and the
1070:lead to
1062:and the
779:automata
687:windmill
667:catapult
665:and the
663:ballista
640:robotics
434:and the
411:and the
365:pyramids
322:ingenium
306:catapult
288:engineer
217:ingenium
171:vehicles
102:Category
12021:Outline
12009:Commons
11763:Funding
11746:Culture
11723:outputs
11633:Related
11573:Testing
11546:Primary
11511:Hosting
11394:Tourism
11380:Travel
11376:Poverty
11354:Funeral
11336:Repairs
11300:Renting
11295:Leasing
11249:Arcades
11245:Venues
11221:leisure
11194:Nursing
11127:Product
11117:Fashion
11101:product
10947:Banking
10756:Auction
10614:Harbors
10594:Tunnels
10579:Bridges
10485:Dumping
10421:Weapons
10239:Plaster
10130:Pellets
10018:Tanning
10004:Leather
9835:Propane
9780:Bitumen
9683:Cameras
9523:Baggage
9496:Pottery
9476:Drawing
9420:Cutlery
9285:Carpets
9280:Weaving
9260:Carding
9189:Canning
9117:Granite
9040:Uranium
9030:Lithium
8903:Seaweed
8888:Oysters
8883:Mussels
8878:Abalone
8873:Tilapia
8868:Catfish
8851:Whaling
8806:Pollock
8801:Haddock
8786:Herring
8776:Fishing
8769:Aquatic
8676:Logging
8639:Hunting
8627:Shellac
8612:Poultry
8560:Flowers
8493:Berries
8476:Tobacco
8451:Legumes
8446:Cereals
8323:Physics
8273:Geology
8183:Ecology
8133:Biology
8088:science
7732:History
7700:Physics
7690:Biology
7488:more...
7476:control
7372:Inquiry
7150:Commons
6992:Textile
6987:Systems
6957:Privacy
6942:Nuclear
6706:Process
6664:Genetic
6610:Optical
6590:Control
6583:outline
6550:Thermal
6540:Railway
6480:Railway
6475:Traffic
6398:Coastal
6357:Outline
6352:History
5428:3247002
4793:May 15,
3692:May 23,
2710:Faculty
2626:biology
2619:bionics
2547:biology
2539:physics
2484:physics
2421:Science
2316:Radar,
2255:Robotic
2242:(PLM).
2059:patents
2020:science
1970:In the
1952:turbine
1822:removed
1807:sources
1760:tunnels
1662:rockets
1645:InSight
1578:textile
1546:systems
1437:engines
1203:Only a
1152:in the
659:trireme
586:Sappers
548:Saqqara
532:Pharaoh
528:Imhotep
497:pulleys
472:shadoof
263:of the
246:History
82:Outline
77:History
11848:Cartel
11721:&
11718:Inputs
11657:ANZSIC
11434:&
11344:Beauty
11312:&
11234:Online
11219:&
11112:Design
11080:&
10994:Health
10952:Credit
10924:Hotels
10704:Retail
10599:Canals
10522:Mobile
10468:Sewage
10442:Power
10412:&
10398:&
10376:&
10324:Forged
10319:Rolled
10302:Alloys
10295:Copper
10261:&
10234:Mortar
10229:Cement
10183:&
10142:&
10093:Rubber
10086:Tissue
10071:Sizing
10054:Lumber
10039:Drying
10027:oiling
10025:&
10011:&
10009:Liming
9921:&
9919:Paints
9735:cables
9731:&
9690:&
9610:Blank
9439:Other
9413:&
9369:Secure
9332:Sewing
9295:Linens
9270:Prints
9265:Dyeing
9241:Liquor
9215:Sweets
9184:Baking
9122:Marble
9102:Gypsum
9082:Gravel
9070:Sulfur
9060:Potash
9015:Silver
9000:Copper
8933:Shrimp
8928:Salmon
8893:Pearls
8718:Mastic
8688:Rattan
8669:Bamboo
8592:Horses
8548:Spices
8538:Olives
8523:Coffee
8498:Citrus
8425:Biotic
8399:Major
8138:Botany
7444:choice
7439:Theory
7377:Nature
7306:design
7170:Portal
6967:Survey
6962:Safety
6849:Design
6669:Tissue
6545:Sports
6530:Marine
6520:Energy
6445:Mining
6241:
6220:
6197:
6162:
6143:
6121:
6043:
5650:
5584:
5546:
5521:p. 190
5515:
5471:
5440:p. 600
5426:
5391:
4842:
4714:
4651:
4611:
4586:
4560:
4552:
4542:
4500:
4455:
4430:
4405:
4377:
4352:
4301:
4293:
4202:
4148:
4071:
4046:
4015:
3993:
3822:
3783:
3758:
3715:
3647:
3620:
3579:
3545:
3539:35, 36
3502:
3475:
3450:
3406:
3375:
3346:
3299:
2980:Design
2640:, and
2522:et al.
2286:, the
2271:, and
2258:Kismet
2092:, and
2034:, and
2012:design
1984:safety
1956:blades
1754:, and
1588:, and
1417:energy
1397:, and
1355:motors
1309:, and
1279:, and
1205:decade
1158:France
1120:) and
1116:(see:
1080:mining
910:cement
905:mortar
783:robots
661:, the
651:Hunnic
578:Hafirs
536:Djosèr
430:. The
379:, the
312:, the
277:humans
269:Vauban
183:energy
181:, and
107:Portal
11803:Labor
11778:Final
11768:Goods
11741:Crime
11686:UKSIC
11676:NAICS
11587:Other
11494:Radio
11472:Music
11447:Books
11280:Other
11241:Sport
11061:Audit
10892:Cafés
10850:Taxis
10788:Cargo
10696:Sales
10589:Roads
10463:Water
10410:Ships
10400:space
10374:Power
10359:Heavy
10307:Steel
10202:Brick
10151:Glass
10098:Tires
10066:Paper
9196:Flour
9092:Chalk
8913:Clams
8909:Both
8846:Squid
8831:Crabs
8816:Shark
8732:syrup
8565:Seeds
8518:Cocoa
8471:Sugar
6790:Audio
6778:Other
6696:Paper
6615:Power
6460:River
6385:Civil
5963:1970.
5619:(PDF)
5612:(PDF)
5590:p. 92
5469:S2CID
5413:p. 06
5299:(PDF)
5292:(PDF)
5105:(PDF)
5098:(PDF)
4897:(PDF)
4886:(PDF)
4299:S2CID
4275:(2).
3277:2006.
3260:
2875:Lists
2387:Many
2322:lidar
2028:logic
1876:, or
1688:ports
1550:audio
765:flute
594:speos
574:Sakia
546:) at
542:(the
509:screw
476:crane
456:lever
444:wheel
432:wedge
213:Latin
11706:TRBC
11696:GICS
11671:NACE
11664:ISIC
11489:News
11467:Film
10999:Life
10813:Rail
10803:Mail
10644:HVAC
10604:Dams
10285:Iron
10222:Tile
10081:Pulp
10034:Wood
9933:Soap
9923:inks
9785:Coke
9554:Toys
9322:Furs
9300:Rope
9290:Lace
9248:Wine
9232:Beer
9200:Meat
9174:Food
9097:Clay
9087:Sand
9065:Salt
9010:Gold
9005:Iron
8965:Peat
8960:Coal
8863:Carp
8826:Tuna
8736:wine
8632:Silk
8607:Wool
8533:Nuts
8090:and
7348:null
7318:Fact
7239:and
6885:Fire
6686:Food
6239:ISBN
6218:ISBN
6195:ISBN
6160:ISBN
6141:ISBN
6119:ISBN
6059:2007
6041:ISBN
6020:2007
5994:2007
5949:2018
5903:2007
5859:2006
5811:2007
5767:2020
5724:2007
5698:2019
5648:ISBN
5627:2016
5582:ISBN
5544:ISBN
5513:ISBN
5424:OCLC
5389:ISBN
5370:2022
5336:2015
5307:2011
5274:2011
5247:2021
5221:2017
5195:2014
5168:2014
5080:2006
5053:2006
5026:2019
4996:2019
4966:2019
4936:2019
4905:2011
4840:ISBN
4826:2018
4795:2017
4765:2007
4752:ASCE
4730:2013
4712:ISBN
4649:ISBN
4609:ISBN
4584:ISBN
4558:OCLC
4550:LCCN
4540:ISBN
4514:2018
4498:LCCN
4453:ISBN
4428:ISBN
4403:ISBN
4375:ISBN
4350:ISBN
4291:ISSN
4218:2019
4200:ISBN
4164:2019
4146:ISBN
4069:ISBN
4044:ISBN
4013:ISBN
3991:ISBN
3923:2017
3838:2020
3820:ISBN
3799:2020
3781:ISBN
3756:ISSN
3713:ISBN
3694:2020
3663:2012
3645:ISBN
3618:ISBN
3595:2019
3577:ISBN
3543:ISBN
3518:2019
3500:ISBN
3473:ISBN
3448:ISBN
3422:2019
3404:ISBN
3373:ISBN
3344:ISBN
3297:ISBN
3194:2021
3168:2024
3142:2016
3088:2023
3074:and
2836:and
2824:and
2816:and
2721:NASA
2715:The
2704:and
2688:and
2613:and
2549:and
2498:and
2464:The
2223:for
1805:any
1803:cite
1712:and
1686:and
1660:and
1642:The
1615:and
1496:and
1148:The
1030:The
982:coke
724:The
689:and
642:and
600:and
570:Kush
558:and
383:and
363:The
310:e.g.
302:i.e.
234:ABET
228:The
43:The
11701:ICB
11681:SIC
11369:Sex
9845:Tar
9688:Gun
8796:Cod
8602:Pig
8528:Tea
8251:N–Z
8246:A–M
8236:M–Z
8231:0–L
8206:M–Z
8201:A–L
7095:M–Z
7090:A–L
6837:MEP
6373:and
5751:doi
5461:doi
4865:doi
4281:doi
4244:doi
3865:doi
3746:doi
2804:In
2791:or
2673:Art
2486:or
2318:GPS
2296:oil
2233:MRO
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