English-speaking Quebecers

2413: 2677: 2448: 2308:(Bill 101). This law made French the sole language of the civil service and of business in private workplaces with over 50 employees and established the right of all Quebeckers to work solely in French, now the sole official language of the province; it also favoured a demographic shift towards more francophones in Quebec by restricting access to English-language schools to children whose parents had attended Quebec English grade schools or high schools. The Charter is generally seen as emancipatory and a protector of culture and is immensely popular among Quebeckers. 27: 1089: 2662: 2720: 2689: 2328:

francophones in an expanding civil service limited the economic opportunities of especially young non-bilingual anglophones in Quebec leading them to search for work elsewhere. Young highly educated anglophones, despite high rates of bilingualism and increased contact and openness to francophones, cite limited economic prospects caused by linguistic discrimination and an unsatisfactory political climate as the major factors in their departure. By 2001, 50% of mother-tongue anglophones had left the province.

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those of English descent, a shamrock for the Irish, and a thistle for the Scottish. Current and former towns with sizeable Anglophone populations such as Sherbrooke, Lachine, Saint Michel, and Sainte-Cunégonde (now called Little Burgundy) also incorporated some or all of these same Anglophone symbols into their own respective arms. Subsequently, the beaver has usually been replaced by the fleur-de-lis to represent French-speakers.

1441: 1389:. Very few of these Loyalists were allowed to stay in the Eastern Townships and were in fact forced by the British to move from the lands that they were squatting on because the British desired to keep the Eastern Townships as an unpopulated buffer zone between the Canadians and the Americans. By the end of the 1790s, American homesteaders were allowed to come northward to settle lands across the border. 1460: 1078: 2652:) suggesting that Quebec's Anglophone population should adopt its own flag. The article noted that Francophone minority populations outside Quebec in the rest of Canada all had their own unique cultural identity flags and that the English-speaking community of Quebec should do the same. A number of possible designs were also presented. A variant of the same article was also posted over the internet. 1909: 358: 307: 1632: 2849: 2364:

charter also permits bilingual status to cities, but only those with a majority of English mother-tongue residents; other cities are not required to provide services in English but usually do if a significant minority of the population is English-speaking. Ninety-three municipalities offer bilingual services in Quebec.

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Jacques Viger, the first mayor of Montreal, created the city's first coat of arms in 1833. The arms consisted of a red saltire surrounded by heraldic symbols to represent the cultural makeup of the municipality at the time. While a beaver represented the French community, he added a rose to represent

2439:

Some English-speaking Quebecers also opt to send their children to French-language schools. As a result, programs to integrate English-speaking children into a French-speaking milieu (particularly in English-speaking areas on the West Island) are increasingly popular in French school boards, and have

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The 2006 census showed an increase of the Anglophone population in Quebec. The rise of 16,000 people (from 591,000 in 2001 to 607,000 in 2006) represents a growth rate of +2.7%, which is higher than that for the Francophone population (+2.0%) for the same period. This increase is attributed to a much

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In an addition to the public system, many private schools provide instruction in English, including schools serving religious and cultural communities. Quebec subsidizes a large portion of the tuition on the condition that they teach the provincial curriculum; almost all private schools accept these

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In addition to the rights guaranteed by the constitution of Canada, the various regulations outside the Charter recognise other linguistic rights of Quebec anglophones. Quebeckers have the right to receive services in English from all public health care and social service institutions in Quebec. The

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There has been English-speaking settlement or immigration to some degree in almost all areas of Quebec at one time or another. What remains today in many regions is only symbolic as anglophones have moved away, or assimilated into the French-speaking community (usually Catholics such as the Irish).

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All English-speaking communities outside the Montreal metropolitan area have been in decline for over a century. However, communities near Montreal, the border with Ontario, and the border with the United States are still large enough to constitute a sizeable yet shrinking minority in these regions.

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Emigration to other Canadian provinces was perceived as the biggest challenge facing the continued presence of English-language communities in Quebec, particularly outside Montreal, during the 1976 to 2001 period. English-speakers accounted for half the out-migrants from Quebec as they are extremely

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While Viger's selection of heraldic symbols aptly represented Quebec's Anglophone population, the charges themselves were not unique Quebec inventions since they were borrowed from British heraldry. Over the years, without a truly unique symbol of their own, Quebec's Anglophones tended to gravitate

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Access to English-language public and semi-private education is restricted by provincial law to children who have at least one parent educated in English in Canada. Temporary residents of Quebec and English-speaking immigrants whose children have special learning needs may apply to the Ministère de

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In 2001, Quebec had 340 primary and secondary English-language schools administered by nine English-language school boards. As in French-language schools, elementary education goes from Kindergarten to Elementary 6 (K-6), while high school goes from Secondary 1 to 5 (grades 7-11). The curriculum is

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in protest, which surprised many by electing 4 candidates in the 1989 provincial election. As the sign law would have to be renewed in 1993, the Liberal government passed a law that mandated French on signs. As recommended by the Supreme Court, this law allowed other languages on the sign, as long

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Sign laws governing language are a particular irritant to English-speaking Quebeckers. When the original Charter provision requiring French only on commercial signs and in trade names was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1988, the Liberal government of Robert Bourassa passed Bill 178 that made

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Despite a lull in this outflux during an economic boom and break from separatist governments in 2003, this outmigration had returned to established levels by 2006 and is projected to continue at these rates over the next five years. At the time, this forecast made researcher Jack Jedwab predict a

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triggered an exodus of English-speaking Quebeckers between 1976 and 1980, exacerbating the already existing demographic decline. Head offices that employed anglophones moved mostly to Toronto, taking their employees with them. Structural unemployment in the private sector with the mass hiring of

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Immigrants of today come from all over the world (some have argued that they are largely more secular than members of the established English-speaking communities). Also, a larger proportion are French-speaking than before. However, immigrants from English-speaking countries such as Britain, the

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Anglophones are also less likely to migrate within the province than Francophones and Allophones. This is due to a strong sense of belonging among those in the Montreal area, the relative lack of English-language services and institutions outside Montreal, and a weak sense of identification with

1033:

Immigration from other countries and integration of allophones helped to partially alleviate the impact of this trend. In 2001, one in three immigrants to Quebec was English-speaking and settled in Montreal. This made the decrease in home-language anglophones less pronounced, particularly in the

2492:) that offer 3-year undergraduate programs for Quebec students graduating from college. They also offer standard 4-year programs to students from all over Canada, North America, and the world. For Quebec residents, 85% of tuition is subsidized by the provincial government. Canadian students pay 2269:

of 1988 that ensures equality between English and French in the federal civil service and ensures that official minority language groups in Canada receive service in their language where numbers warrant and that supports the development of communities of speakers of official languages when they

1029:

The English-speaking population has shown an accelerated decline in population between 1971 and 2001. During this interval, the number of mother tongue anglophones decreased from 788,830 to 591,365, representing a drop in its share of the Quebec population from 13.1% to 8.3%. This is attributed

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is used to determine the Official Language minority population. It is used by the federal government and Quebec anglophone community organizations to determine the demand for minority language services. Specifically, it classifies members of immigrant groups who learn English before French as

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starting in the late 1960s. As a result, they offer a range of established bilingual and short- and long-immersion programs. Programs offering both French and English curricula as a first language have recently been approved by the Minister of Education and are increasingly popular. English

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proceedings and eliminated English translations of Quebec laws. It banned all languages other than French on all public signs, both inside and outside. (The regulations for signs would be modified in 1988 and 1993.) The law has therefore polarized Quebec along linguistic lines to this day.

2311:

Other Charter provisions, though, deeply alienated English-speaking Quebeckers. The Charter cut off access to English schools to all but children who had parents who had received their education in English in Quebec. The Charter also eliminated the Constitutional guarantee to English legal

1482:. In the 1860s, the proportion of English-speakers reached a historic high of 40%. The population gradually dwindled as Montreal replaced Quebec City as a centre of commerce and industry. English-speakers now represent 1.9% of the total population in the Quebec metropolitan area. The 2234:

as the principal challenge facing their community and more generally look to the federal government to protect their individual and collective rights from provincial government limits on access to English education, health care, government services, and visibility on public signs.

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Montreal area. This situation is rapidly changing as the vast majority of immigrants now adopt French as their first language: three quarters of linguistic transfers of allophones arriving between 2001 and 2006 allophones arriving have been towards French instead of English.

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The exception is language education. French is taught as a second language in English schools from Grade 1 onwards, and English is symmetrically taught as a second language in French schools from grade 1 onwards. English schools in the Montreal area were pioneers in

2504:

allowing students to pay local Quebec tuition rates. McGill and Concordia offer some instruction in French, and exams and assignments may be done in French at all universities, as long as the goal of the course is not to learn or improve the mastery of a language.

1202:, and integrated into the English-speaking "Protestant" schools and businesses. Italian immigrants would adopt the Catholic institutions of either the Irish or francophone community. These and many other immigrant communities would initially settle along 2390:, respectively in third and fourth place with 11 and 3 seats. It is generally understood that this happened because of the concentration of the Liberal vote in the Centre and Western part of Montreal, where English speakers are often a majority. 1340:

account for the fastest growing segment of the population, with over 26,000 Asians coming to Quebec between 1996 and 2001 and having English as their first official language spoken in 2001; as a result, over a quarter of anglophones now come from

1042:

mobile compared to their francophone neighbours because they share a language and cultural identity with most other Canadians and North Americans. In a survey on the matter, English-speaking Quebecers cited limited economic prospects and politics (

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and have very low tuition fees; a few are subsidized private institutions. Core courses in English literature, humanities, and French represent about 25% of the curriculum. There are eight English-language Colleges, open to all Quebec residents.

2242:

protects the language rights of English-speaking communities and individuals in Quebec; however, since 1867, the Quebec provincial government has had full jurisdiction over schools, with only Section 93 of the British North America Act of 1867

1361:. Its large diversity, mobility and access to mainstream North American society means that most anglophones in Quebec will identify themselves as Canadian or by their cultural group, and identify as "anglophone" only in the context of Quebec's 2812: 2850:"First Official Language Spoken (7), Detailed Language Spoken Most Often at Home (232), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population Excluding Institutional Residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census" 2260:

guaranteed the right of Canadian citizens educated in English in Canada to attend English schools. This paved the way for the Constitutional Amendment, 1999 (Québec) which was passed unanimously by the federal Parliament and the

1114:'s urban core, where there is a large network of English-language educational, social, cultural, economic, and medical institutions. However, there are smaller English-speaking communities in the east end as well, notably 2255:

and makes both languages mandatory for the laws, records, and journals of those houses. It also gives any person the right to plead in either English or French in any of the Courts of Quebec. In 1982, Section 23 of the

1125:

The earliest English-speaking people arrived in Montreal at the beginning of the British regime in the second half of the 18th century. By 1831 the majority of the population were of British origin. American merchants,

1017:

A considerable number of census respondents in each category cite equal proficiency, knowledge, and use of different languages. In this case, census respondents are divided evenly among the language groups involved.

1137:

founded Quebec's public and private English-language institutions and would represent Quebec's elite merchant and financial classes up until the 1960s; the heritage of this era remains in neighbourhoods such as

1685:), all in Montreal. These stations are available on cable throughout the province and can also be received for free with the use of home TV antennas in cities located near television transmission towers. 1324:

In the 1950s, more immigration from Europe again changed the face of Montreal. Immigrants flocked to Montreal from all across Europe, bolstering the numbers of established cultural communities, with a

2371:, which aims to prevent education received in fully private English schools or through temporary certificates from producing constitutional education rights. Several court cases are still pending. 3460:

Blair, Louisa. The Anglos: The Hidden Face of Quebec City.Volume 1: 1608–1850; Volume 2: Since 1850. Québec: Commission de la capitale nationale du Québec & Éditions Sylvain Harvey, 2005.

1021:

As allophone immigrants (mother tongue other than English or French) generally arrive with knowledge of either English or French and eventually integrate into these two linguistic groups,

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fees based on the Canadian average. Foreign students pay the full cost of their tuition, although Quebec has signed reciprocal agreements with some jurisdictions such as France, Belgium,

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strictly controlled by the Ministère de l'Education, Quebec's provincial education ministry, and is generally identical to that offered in the French-language public school system.

1571:. Migration to larger cities in Canada (including Montreal) has since reduced the English-speaking population in these regions, but sizeable English-speaking communities remain in 2583: 3351: 372: 2600: 2655:

Other than British heraldic charges, Quebec's Anglophone community still has no unique emblem representing itself that is officially recognized at any government level.

2612: 2378:, political leaders and commentators of the province issued growing concerns about the political weight of the English speaking Quebeckers in Quebec's democracy. The 2284:

sought to improve their economic prospects, assimilate immigrants into their community to maintain their population, and establish French as a language of business.

2971: 2944: 1393: 3955: 3908: 3885: 1974: 4256: 4026: 1948: 1964: 2331:

Faced with increasing marginalization from the political process in Quebec, English-speaking community groups across the province banded together to form

2247:) guaranteeing Protestant confessional boards the right to administer most English schools. Section 133 still allows French and English to be used in the 3208: 2403: 2000: 1990: 3178: 2010: 3332: 1381:

were pioneered by English-speaking settlers who moved north from the United States; the first were Loyalists (Tories in the U.S.) wishing to remain

3274: 2676: 2336: 1050:) as primary reasons for leaving. These political factors are also cited as having led to fewer Canadians from other provinces settling in Quebec. 1353:, the Cree, and Inuit also use English in their day-to-day lives. These groups blend in easily in a community that defines itself increasingly as 2020: 2357: 2313: 2091: 1043: 3838: 3811: 3234: 3128: 2292:

government in 1969, required that English schools provide all students with a working knowledge of French. In 1974, the Liberal government of

1026:

English-speaking. Half of the people equally proficient since childhood in both English and French are placed into each linguistic community.

3270: 3204: 287:

education programs in Quebecois schools. This makes estimating the population of those who identify as English-speaking Quebecers difficult.

3784: 2335:, a provincial lobby group that would advocate for English-language education, health, and social services. It was supported by the federal 2877: 1516: 4277: 4120: 2166: 2119: 1165: 376: 4528: 2749: 2265:

that transformed Protestant confessional school boards into English linguistic school boards. The federal government also maintains the

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provide 3-year career certification programs or 2-year pre-University curricula following Grade 11 (Secondary 5) high school. Most are

2339:

and members worked with provincial administrations to maintain and increase access to English government services across the province.

2138: 4482: 4148: 3306: 2998: 2911: 1938:, a local newspaper for the Eastern Townships. Many smaller communities in Quebec also have English-language weekly papers, including 4229: 2661: 1876:. CBC Radio One is also available in many other Quebec communities. Parts of the province also receive English-language signals from 4379: 2145: 1756:). These stations are carried on Montreal-area cable networks, along with other English and French-language cable stations. (See 1645:

English-language media tend to come from outside the province. Most local English-language media are based in the Montreal area.

1152:

established their schools, churches and hospitals in the mid-19th century in traditionally working-class neighbourhoods such as

4455: 4278:"Youth and Language Volume II: Language Use and attitudes among young people instructed in English (Secondary IV through CEGEP)" 261: 4352: 3724: 1995: 4331: 3060: 2412: 4495: 3097: 2790: 279:

The origins of English-speaking Quebecers include immigration from both English-speaking and non English-speaking countries,

2152: 4202: 3550: 3470: 1507:

Immigrants from England, Scotland, and Ireland would further settle these regions in the mid 19th century, and pioneer the

2975: 2948: 2351:, which overrode the Supreme Court decision. Discontent with the Liberals led anglophones in Western Montreal to form the 1616: 4641: 4054: 2320:

overturned some of these provisions, forcing subsequent Quebec governments to blunt these Charter provisions many times.

1161: 1030:

primarily to an exodus of anglophones to other provinces and raised questions about the sustainability of the community.

280: 4586: 4646: 2744: 2134: 272:. According to the 2011 Canadian census, 599,225 people (around 7.7% of the population) in Quebec declare English as a 3087: 1176:, a prominent Irish Montrealer. Prior 2000, these school systems were merged into linguistic English-language boards. 4636: 4541: 4439: 4418: 4341: 4107: 3070: 3040: 2577: 2527: 2185: 1757: 1169: 398: 62: 3435: 1900:. However, no community in the province besides Montreal and Hudson/Saint Lazare has an English commercial station. 4671: 4353:"'New' and Not So New Anglos: An Analysis of Quebec Anglophone opinion on the province's socio-political realities" 4260: 3725:"'New' and Not So New Anglos: An Analysis of Quebec Anglophone opinion on the province's socio-political realities" 2754: 2356:

as French was predominant. Although this law stands up to Supreme Court challenges, many anglophones refer to the

2276:

has also delimited the language rights of English-speaking Quebeckers and the role of their institutions since the

4235:. Lennoxville, Quebec: Official Languages Support Programs Branch, Department of Canadian Heritage. Archived from 1486:

is a cultural hub for Quebec City's English-speaking community, linked together by media institutions such as the

1160:. Separate English-language confessional (Protestant and Catholic) school systems emerged, in the religious-based 1038:

reduced net outmigration of Anglophones, with some 34,000 departures vs 26,000 arrivals (primarily from Ontario).

4651: 2784: 2537: 2532: 2517: 2485: 2266: 1760:.) Western Montreal carries more English-language programming to better serve the large English-speaking market. 1198:

The early 1900s brought waves of settlers from all over Europe. Jews from Poland, Romania and Russia established

380: 296: 3111:... the Anglophone exodus raised fundamental questions about the "survivability" of English-speaking Montreal... 1119: 4676: 4149:"Demographics and the Long-term Development of the English-speaking Communities of the Greater Montreal Region" 2912:"Demographics and the Long-term Development of the English-speaking Communities of the Greater Montreal Region" 2513:

Montreal has several English-language hospitals that offer multilingual services, including service in French:

2463: 2305: 2231: 2123: 1604: 2382:

did indeed win the second place in parliament having 21 seats while having 14.37% of the popular vote, behind

2300:

and restricted access to English schools to children who could pass a language test. In 1977, the separatist

1717: 3151: 4661: 4014: 3701: 3182: 2375: 1689: 1014:(English or French) since 1991. In addition, conversational knowledge of English and French is documented. 3244:. Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS): Urbanisation, Culture, et Société. Archived from 3025: 2688: 2469: 2262: 2252: 2222:

referendums. Having no distinct political representation in Quebec, they tend to vote for the federalist

2211: 1047: 3687: 3642: 3597: 3527: 3281: 2813:"Population by mother tongue and age groups (total), 2011 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories" 2629:

towards British icons such as the Union Jack, the Red Ensign and then later on Canada's Maple Leaf. The

2159: 4681: 4666: 3757: 2565: 1984: 1488: 1421: 276:. When asked, 834,950 people (about 10.7% of the population) reported using English the most at home. 4656: 4566: 4484:

LA FRÉQUENTATION DU RÉSEAU SCOLAIRE ANGLOPHONE UNE ÉTUDE EXPLORATOIRE DES STATISTIQUES DE 2000 À 2004

3951: 3913: 3876: 2522: 2078:

is a culturally literate bimonthly general-interest English-language magazine published in Montreal.

1729: 1674: 1183:

community grew in the 1860s with the coming of the railway industry centred in Montreal, settling in

4456:"The Chambers Report, Ten Years After: The State of English Language Education in Quebec, 1992-2002" 4330:

Stevenson, Garth (2004). "English-Speaking Québec: A Political History". In Gagnon, Alain G. (ed.).

3871: 3059:

Stevenson, Garth (2004). "English-Speaking Québec: A Political History". In Gagnon, Alain G. (ed.).

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French the only language that could be used on outdoor commercial signs. This required invoking the

328: 3845: 3815: 3245: 2769: 2667: 2552: 2542: 2289: 2281: 1725: 1540: 1203: 35: 4040: 3978: 2779: 4686: 3788: 2571: 2352: 2223: 2112: 1934: 1697: 1588: 1548: 1386: 1346: 1191:. The first school built by the new Protestant Board of School Commissioners of Montreal was the 1127: 172: 4526: 2881: 2649: 2447: 367:

may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

4281: 4124: 2489: 2324: 2257: 2244: 2219: 2215: 2074: 1928: 1919: 1914: 1666: 1600: 1445: 1358: 1081: 4547: 3922: 3352:

Jewish Children in the Protestant Schools of Greater Montreal in the Period from 1878 to 1958

2606: 2348: 2239: 1737: 1211: 1188: 1115: 164: 4257:"Minority Populations by First Official Language Spoken (2001 Census Data) Province: Quebec" 4236: 4182: 3945: 2700: 4501: 4155: 3002: 2918: 2493: 2387: 2379: 2301: 2248: 2227: 1837: 1580: 1401: 1153: 998:

uses census data to keep track of minority language communities in Canada. It has recorded

4620: 3471:"Voice of English-speaking Québec: A Portrait of the English-speaking Community in Quebec" 2972:"Graph 15 — Proportion of population using mainly English at home, Quebec, 1971-2002" 8: 4386: 4230:"The Evolving Demographic Context of the Anglophone Communities in the Eastern Townships" 4146: 3377:

Report of the Protestant Board of School Commissioners for the City of Montreal 1847-1871

2909: 2432: 2399: 1865: 1701: 1635: 1576: 1568: 1523:

communities. By the end of the nineteenth century, many grew into thriving small cities:

1192: 4569:. Chisasibi: Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay. 2007. Archived from 4208:. Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages, Government of Canada. Archived from 2880:. Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages, Government of Canada. Archived from 2383: 4589:. Chisasibi: Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services. 2007. Archived from 4407: 2273: 2199: 2087: 2005: 1979: 1592: 1536: 1508: 1378: 1284: 1143: 1131: 1103: 1612: 1392:

Today, the southwestern portion of the Montérégie, notably the Chateauguay Valley and

4537: 4491: 4462: 4435: 4414: 4337: 4103: 4096: 3674: 3629: 3584: 3546: 3514: 3093: 3066: 3036: 3032: 2645: 2481: 2451: 2317: 2207: 2203: 2045: 1959: 1954: 1943: 1869: 1801: 1524: 1453: 1374: 1333: 1258: 1245: 1139: 995: 201: 134: 114: 41: 4359: 4259:. Ottawa: Public Service Human Resources Management Agency of Canada. Archived from 3731: 1207: 4068: 3918: 3881: 2734: 2630: 2547: 2428: 2277: 1969: 1885: 1620: 1584: 1464: 1425: 1417: 1405: 1362: 1354: 1342: 1310: 1297: 1199: 1102:

Most of Quebec's English-speaking population resides in the Montreal region on the

284: 221: 213: 193: 2633:, where many Anglophones live, is also popular, as it resembles the flags of both 2316:

by English-speaking Quebeckers using provisions of the Canadian constitution and

3089:

The Reconquest of Montreal: Language policy and social change in a bilingual city

2764: 2739: 2638: 2332: 2293: 2066: 2058:. From the 1990s until 2012, Montreal also had two English alternative weeklies, 1857: 1479: 1337: 1271: 1184: 1180: 1173: 1149: 1088: 265: 209: 205: 126: 4209: 3782: 3474: 2945:"Graph 14 — Changes in English mother-tongue population, Quebec, 1951-2001" 2230:

at the provincial level. In 2001, English-speaking Quebeckers viewed provincial

3376: 2759: 2634: 2416: 2060: 2015: 1833: 1658: 1596: 1544: 1471: 1429: 1397: 1382: 1325: 217: 197: 148: 1478:

in the nineteenth century, but the majority of anglophones were working-class

845:

Interprovincial migration between Quebec and other provinces by Mother Tongue

4630: 4590: 4436:"CBC Montreal Matters Archive (Several articles on current education issues)" 4071:", Flags and Coats of Arms from the Island of Montreal. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 4002:"Le PLQ demeure l'opposition officielle: la cheffe Anglade sauve les meubles" 2725: 1881: 1789: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1483: 1350: 1092: 1006: 1000: 703: 698: 504: 432: 273: 152: 122: 96: 90: 4380:"How do francophones regard Quebec anglophones and their issues of concern?" 3702:"Where are Quebec's Anglos? Map of population distribution from 2011 Census" 1872:

are served by CBC Radio One and CBC Radio 2 and the community radio station

1206:(nicknamed "The Main"), before moving on to more prosperous suburbs such as 379:

any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

2842: 2466:). Access to private schools is open to anyone who can afford the tuition. 1797: 1528: 332: 3979:"No jokes needed — Quebec's Tongue Troopers make fools of themselves" 3026:

Portrait of Official-Language Minorities in Canada – Anglophones in Quebec

2480:

English is also the language of instruction at three Quebec universities (

1700:

who actually depend on the Montreal market for most of their revenue. The

4527:

Consultative Committee for English-Speaking Minority Communities (2002).

3439: 3122: 2969: 2942: 2037: 1889: 1825: 1520: 1475: 1449: 1157: 1134: 1107: 118: 4181:. Montreal: Community Health and Social Services Network. Archived from 4147:

Greater Montreal Community Development Initiative (GMCDI) (April 2007).

4098:

The Forgotten Quebecers: A History of English-Speaking Quebec, 1759-1980

2910:

Greater Montreal Community Development Initiative (GMCDI) (April 2009).

2055: 3844:. Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS). Archived from 2126: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1861: 1572: 1564: 168: 3179:"2006 Census: The Evolving Linguistic Portrait, 2006 Census: Findings" 2644:

In Spring 2007, an article was published in Flagscan (Issue 83 –

1599:. The English-speaking population is anchored by such institutions as 4280:. Canada: Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1994. Archived from 4203:"Going Forward: The Evolution of Quebec's English-Speaking Community" 3209:"Going Forward: The Evolution of Quebec's English-Speaking Community" 2878:"Going Forward: The Evolution of Quebec's English-Speaking Community" 2501: 2436:

immersion programs are not common in French-language public schools.

1853: 1777: 1773: 1692:. Southern Quebec is also served by American network affiliates from 1004:(the first language learned as a child and still spoken) since 1921, 321: 130: 4254: 2101: 3659: 3275:"Quebec Turns Red Again When it Comes to Interprovincial Migration" 2774: 2590:

Outside Montreal, some hospitals also provide services in English.

2455: 2420: 1908: 1781: 1769: 1639: 1512: 1328:

community planting strong roots in the English-speaking community.

1111: 1096: 317: 3379:(Report). Montreal: "Gazette" Printing House. 1872. pp. 17–19 1218:

Ethnic Origins of the metropolitan region of Montreal Anglophones

3333:"Little Burgundy and Montreal's Black English-Speaking Community" 2497: 2297: 2285: 1877: 1873: 1849: 1841: 1829: 1813: 1805: 1793: 1785: 1721: 1693: 1678: 1670: 1662: 1654: 1532: 1493: 1440: 3024:

Corbeil, Jean-Pierre; Chavez, Brigitte; Pereira, Daniel (2010).

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that enforces the law as "tongue troopers" and "language cops".

4154:. Montreal: The Quebec Community Groups Network. Archived from 3839:""To Stay or not to Stay:" Migrations of Young Anglo-Quebecers" 2917:. Montreal: The Quebec Community Groups Network. Archived from 2804: 1821: 1682: 269: 180: 176: 3758:"Moving From Denominational to Linguistic Education in Quebec" 2823: 1459: 1424:

have noticeable English-speaking communities, particularly of

1077: 47:

You can help by providing page numbers for existing citations.

3416: 3398: 2473: 2198:

The politics of language has always played against issues of

1396:, are home to a significant anglophone presence. The town of 4102:. Montreal: Institut Québécois de Recherche sur la Culture. 3569: 3235:"To stay or not to stay: Migrations of young Anglo-Quebecer" 3123:

Government of Canada Privy Council Office (March 12, 2003).

2970:

Government of Canada Privy Council Office (March 12, 2003).

2943:

Government of Canada Privy Council Office (March 12, 2003).

2830:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 8, 2012).

1926:

Quebec has two English-language daily newspapers: the large

1408:, have an anglophone majority and pluralities respectively. 4027:"Unilingues? Bilingues? Les cartes de la langue à Montréal" 3614: 3438:. Literary and Historical Society of Quebec. Archived from 2367:

In 2002, Quebec's French Language Charter was amended with

1749: 1741: 1713: 1705: 1631: 4570: 3783:

Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages (1988).

3762:

Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy

3543:

Iron Bars and Bookshelves: A History of the Morrin Centre

3233:

Magnan, Marie-Odile; Gauthier, Madeleine (October 2005).

1897: 1893: 1753: 1745: 1733: 1709: 1373:

In the late 18th century and the early 19th century, the

3499: 3473:. Voice of English-speaking Québec. 2007. Archived from 2619: 2462:

l'Education for permission to enter these schools. (see

1653:

The province's English-language television stations are

4567:"Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay" 3541:

Blair, Louisa; Donovan, Patrick; Fyson, Donald (2016).

4587:"Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services" 3357:(Report). Vol. Series E. Canadian Jewish Congress 1832:(mainstream rock). The Montreal off-island suburbs of 4409:

L'invention d'une minorité : Les Anglo-Québécois

4461:. Montreal: The Missisquoi Institute. Archived from 4377: 4358:. Montreal: The Missisquoi Institute. Archived from 3755: 3023: 2999:"Factors Affecting the Evolution of Language Groups" 2829: 2715: 1768:

English-language radio stations in Montreal include

3756:Young, David; Lawrence Bezeau (February 28, 2003). 3242:

Groupe sur la recherche sur le migration des jeunes

3173: 3171: 3169: 4623:Charter of the French and English Languages (1992) 4406: 4255:Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat (July 2003). 4095: 3280:. Association for Canadian Studies. Archived from 3149: 2440:used in French-language private school for years. 2404:List of English educational institutions in Quebec 2270:constitute a minority in a province or territory. 2026:Suburban, Montreal Island's Largest English Weekly 1688:Anglophones in the Outaouais region are served by 3540: 4628: 4385:. Montreal: Missisquoi Institute. Archived from 4123:. Montreal: Marianopolis College. Archived from 3166: 2810: 2206:. English-speaking Quebeckers maintain a strong 1463:Christ Church of Springbrook Anglican Church in 4176:"Unpacking the Diversity of Quebec Anglophones" 3232: 3085: 1058:continued long term decline of the community. 4297: 3263: 3228: 3226: 3197: 3152:"Quebec immigrants turning to French: census" 2996: 1903: 3054: 3052: 1619:remain, as well as a small community in the 416:Number of English-Speaking Quebecers (2001) 4227: 2092:Legal dispute over Quebec's language policy 1166:Protestant School Board of Greater Montreal 1010:(language spoken at home) since 1971, and 4228:Floch, William; Wernke, Jan (March 2004). 3331:Williams, Dorothy W. (February 10, 2020). 3223: 2560:Douglas Mental Health University Institute 1336:usually come with a knowledge of English; 102:Official Lang. Minority: 1,058,250 (13.5%) 4329: 3999: 3433: 3349: 3058: 3049: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2811:Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. 2682:Coat of Arms of former cities in Montreal 2444:conditions and the accompanying subsidy. 2186:Learn how and when to remove this message 399:Learn how and when to remove this message 63:Learn how and when to remove this message 4530:Report to the Federal Minister of Health 4333:Québec: State and Society, Third Edition 4118: 3869: 3809: 3330: 3092:. Temple University Press. p. 122. 3062:Québec: State and Society, Third Edition 2832:"Statistics Canada: 2011 Census Profile" 2750:List of anglophone communities in Québec 2446: 2411: 1907: 1630: 1458: 1439: 1368: 1106:. The population is concentrated in the 1087: 1076: 1068:List of anglophone communities in Québec 4404: 3958:from the original on September 27, 2007 3888:from the original on September 30, 2007 3722: 3545:. Montreal: Baraka Books. p. 260. 3150:The Canadian Press (December 4, 2007). 2586:, formerly the Queen Elizabeth hospital 1952:, a bilingual and bimonthly paper, the 281:migration from other Canadian provinces 4629: 4480: 4453: 4350: 4275: 4200: 4173: 4000:Bellerose, Patrick (October 4, 2022). 3836: 3814:. Marianopolis College. Archived from 3730:. Missisquoi Institute. Archived from 3307:"Montréal Archives Portal - Chapter 6" 3269: 3203: 2896: 2875: 2864: 1435: 690:English-language population in Quebec 4378:Missisquoi Institute (January 2001). 4336:. Broadview Press. pp. 329–337. 4093: 3943: 3906: 3065:. Broadview Press. pp. 329–337. 2791:The Rise and Fall of English Montreal 2620:Symbols of English-speaking Quebecers 2323:The Charter coupled with the looming 4082: 4004:– via www.journaldequebec.com. 3976: 3211:. Commissioner of Official Languages 3125:"Action Plan for Official Languages" 2124:adding citations to reliable sources 2095: 1611:English-speaking communities in the 351: 300: 108:Regions with significant populations 20: 4302:. Statistics Canada. Archived from 3350:Rosenberg, Louis (March 16, 1959). 3001:. Statistics Canada. Archived from 1162:Montreal Catholic School Commission 13: 2745:List of English-speaking Quebecers 2337:Commissioner of Official Languages 14: 4698: 4614: 4440:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 2595:Brome-Missisquoi-Perkins Hospital 2051:The LowDown to Hull and Back News 1758:Multichannel television in Canada 1170:British North America Act of 1867 1168:, and would be guaranteed in the 4413:. Montreal: éditions du Boréal. 4300:"Language Composition of Canada" 4121:"Anglophone(s) - Quebec History" 3870:Caldwell, Gary (July 22, 2015). 3660:http://www.lamaisonanglaise.com/ 2755:List of Anglo-Quebecer musicians 2718: 2699: 2687: 2675: 2660: 2100: 1416:In Laval, the neighbourhoods of 1012:first official language learned 356: 305: 25: 4061: 4047: 4033: 4019: 4008: 3993: 3977:BLUE, RICKY (August 28, 2005). 3970: 3944:Hudon, R. (December 16, 2013). 3937: 3907:Hudon, R. (December 16, 2013). 3900: 3863: 3830: 3803: 3776: 3749: 3716: 3694: 3649: 3604: 3559: 3534: 3489: 3463: 3454: 3427: 3409: 3391: 3369: 3343: 3324: 3299: 3143: 3116: 3079: 2785:Official bilingualism in Canada 2538:Montreal Neurological Institute 2518:McGill University Health Centre 2111:needs additional citations for 1840:has English-language FM outlet 1023:first official language learned 297:Language demographics of Quebec 4201:Jedwab, Jack (November 2004). 4174:Jedwab, Jack (November 2006). 3017: 2990: 2963: 2936: 2876:Jedwab, Jack (November 2004). 2508: 2464:Charter of the French Language 2325:1980 Referendum on Sovereignty 2306:Charter of the French Language 1605:Eastern Townships School Board 320:format but may read better as 1: 4481:Béland, Paul (October 2006). 4454:Jedwab, Jack (January 2002). 4077: 3812:"The Language Laws of Quebec" 2584:Queen Elizabeth Health Centre 1648: 290: 4351:Jedwab, Jack (August 2001). 4015:2022_Quebec_general_election 3837:Magnan, Marie-Odile (2005). 2533:Montreal Children's Hospital 2393: 2376:2022 Quebec general election 2135:"English-speaking Quebecers" 1856:, broadcasts in English and 1848:, soft adult contemporary). 1690:English stations from Ottawa 1061: 381:Knowledge's inclusion policy 7: 3031:(Report). Ottawa, Ontario: 2711: 2263:National Assembly of Quebec 2081: 1852:, owned by and serving the 1110:and in the western half of 1072: 410: 260:in a Quebec context, are a 10: 4703: 4642:English language in Canada 4490:. Gouvernement du Quebec. 2670:, original version of 1833 2601:Pontiac Community Hospital 2566:Lakeshore General Hospital 2397: 2304:passed the more intensive 2210:, with about 99% opposing 2085: 1985:Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph 1904:Newspapers and periodicals 1854:Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne 1496:) in Quebec City, and the 1489:Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph 1065: 1044:Quebec's language policies 294: 230:English-speaking Quebecers 4647:Quebec Anglophone culture 4536:. Ottawa: Health Canada. 4119:Bélanger, Claude (1999). 3952:The Canadian Encyclopedia 3914:The Canadian Encyclopedia 3877:The Canadian Encyclopedia 3810:Bélanger, Claude (2000). 3570:http://www.qctonline.com/ 3337:The Canadian Encyclopedia 3311:www2.ville.montreal.qc.ca 2852:. Statistics Canada. 2011 2523:Montreal General Hospital 1730:Vermont Public Television 666: 649: 588: 503: 431: 420: 192: 187: 163: 158: 147: 142: 112: 107: 88: 83: 79:English-speaking Quebecer 4637:Anglophone Quebec people 3785:"Official Languages Act" 3657:www.lamaisonanglaise.com 3615:http://www.cbc.ca/radio/ 3399:"Eeyou Education - Home" 2798: 2668:Coat of arms of Montreal 2613:Barrie Memorial Hospital 2553:Allan Memorial Institute 2543:Montreal Chest Institute 1763: 1698:New York's North Country 1626: 1541:Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu 1411: 1204:Saint Lawrence Boulevard 1200:a large Jewish community 1095:Hebrew Delicatessen on 589:First official language 4672:Ethnic groups in Canada 4405:Legault, Josée (1992). 3086:Marc V. Levine (1991). 2694:Sherbrooke Coat of arms 2572:Jewish General Hospital 2528:Royal Victoria Hospital 2224:Liberal Party of Canada 2038:West Island of Montreal 1812:, adult contemporary), 1387:The American Revolution 1128:United Empire Loyalists 329:converting this article 244:(all alternately spelt 34:This article cites its 4652:Bilingualism in Canada 4094:Rudin, Ronald (1984). 4055:"Academic regulations" 4041:"Submitting in French" 3981:. LOG CABIN CHRONICLES 2458: 2423: 2345:notwithstanding clause 2274:Provincial legislation 2267:Official Languages Act 2258:Constitution Act, 1982 2245:Constitution Act, 1867 2226:federally and for the 1923: 1920:Saint Catherine Street 1642: 1603:in Sherbrooke and the 1467: 1456: 1195:which opened in 1870. 1099: 1085: 708:1st official language 4677:Linguistic minorities 3500:http://www.morrin.org 2607:Jeffery Hale Hospital 2578:Saint Mary's Hospital 2450: 2415: 2349:Canadian Constitution 2253:Legislature of Quebec 2240:Canadian constitution 2042:Westmount Independent 1911: 1636:Radio-Canada building 1634: 1474:merchants settled in 1462: 1443: 1369:Montérégie and Estrie 1091: 1080: 188:Related ethnic groups 16:Sociolinguistic group 4276:Locher, Uli (1994). 4127:on February 18, 2007 3477:on February 17, 2005 3273:(January 15, 2007). 3185:on February 25, 2008 3131:on February 24, 2007 2884:on November 11, 2007 2494:differential tuition 2486:Concordia University 2380:Quebec Liberal Party 2288:, introduced by the 2249:Parliament of Canada 2232:language legislation 2228:Quebec Liberal Party 2120:improve this article 2024:in Lennoxville, the 1400:, and the cities of 1349:peoples such as the 1179:An English-speaking 1120:Rivière-des-Prairies 651:Knowledge of English 254:Québécois Anglophone 242:Anglophone Quebecers 4662:Culture of Montreal 4593:on February 4, 2007 4298:Statistics Canada. 4263:on December 9, 2006 4029:. October 31, 2014. 3818:on December 9, 2006 3791:on November 6, 2006 2997:Statistics Canada. 2836:www12.statcan.gc.ca 2817:www12.statcan.gc.ca 2597:(Eastern Townships) 2490:Bishop's University 2433:bilingual education 2400:Education in Quebec 2280:as French-speaking 1949:The Pontiac Journal 1601:Bishop's University 1446:Bishop's University 1436:Elsewhere in Quebec 1394:Vaudreuil-Soulanges 1332:United States, and 1219: 1193:Royal Arthur School 1082:Saint Patrick's Day 1048:Quebec independence 846: 691: 417: 262:linguistic minority 80: 3436:"Anglos in Québec" 2459: 2424: 2212:Quebec sovereignty 2200:Quebec nationalism 2088:Politics of Quebec 1965:The First Informer 1924: 1643: 1498:La Maison Anglaise 1470:Many American and 1468: 1457: 1444:McGreer Building, 1379:Chateauguay Valley 1217: 1144:Golden Square Mile 1104:Island of Montreal 1100: 1086: 1084:Parade in Montreal 844: 834:1,058,250 (13.5%) 689: 415: 331:, if appropriate. 173:Christian Orthodox 78: 4682:Society of Canada 4667:Culture of Quebec 4611: 4610: 4573:on April 15, 2007 4553:on August 9, 2007 4507:on August 9, 2007 4497:978-2-550-48237-6 4468:on August 9, 2007 4392:on August 9, 2007 4365:on August 9, 2007 4306:on March 10, 2007 4215:on August 9, 2007 4188:on August 9, 2007 4161:on August 9, 2007 4069:Anglo-Quebec Flag 3872:"Alliance Québec" 3851:on August 9, 2007 3737:on August 9, 2007 3682:Missing or empty 3637:Missing or empty 3592:Missing or empty 3567:www.qctonline.com 3522:Missing or empty 3403:eeyoueducation.ca 3287:on August 9, 2007 3251:on August 9, 2007 3207:(November 2004). 3099:978-0-87722-899-8 3033:Statistics Canada 2978:on August 9, 2007 2951:on August 9, 2007 2924:on August 9, 2007 2482:McGill University 2452:McGill University 2318:international law 2208:Canadian identity 2204:Quebec separatism 2196: 2195: 2188: 2170: 1955:Stanstead Journal 1935:Sherbrooke Record 1870:Eastern Townships 1802:McGill University 1617:Lower North Shore 1539:, St. Johns (now 1492:, CBC Radio One ( 1454:Eastern Townships 1375:Eastern Townships 1322: 1321: 1154:Point St. Charles 996:Statistics Canada 993: 992: 989: 988: 838: 837: 683: 682: 595:Off lang minority 409: 408: 401: 350: 349: 238:English Quebecers 227: 226: 202:Scottish Canadian 135:Eastern townships 99:: 767,770 (9.6%) 93:: 661,535 (8.5%) 73: 72: 65: 40:does not provide 4694: 4657:Canadian English 4602: 4600: 4598: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4552: 4546:. Archived from 4535: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4506: 4500:. Archived from 4489: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4467: 4460: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4424: 4412: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4391: 4384: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4364: 4357: 4347: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4241: 4234: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4214: 4207: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4187: 4180: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4160: 4153: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4113: 4101: 4083: 4072: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4023: 4017: 4012: 4006: 4005: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3921:. Archived from 3919:Historica Canada 3904: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3882:Historica Canada 3867: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3850: 3843: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3787:. 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Archived from 2940: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2923: 2916: 2907: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2873: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2808: 2735:English Canadian 2728: 2723: 2722: 2721: 2706:Flag of Montreal 2703: 2691: 2679: 2664: 2631:flag of Montreal 2548:Lachine Hospital 2429:French immersion 2384:Québec Solidaire 2314:Legal challenges 2278:Quiet Revolution 2191: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2171: 2169: 2128: 2104: 2096: 2001:West Quebec Post 1988:in Quebec City, 1970:Magdalen Islands 1932:, and the small 1929:Montreal Gazette 1780:(news/talk) and 1621:Magdalen Islands 1595:(Knowlton), and 1509:Outaouais region 1480:Irish immigrants 1465:Frampton, Quebec 1383:British subjects 1343:visible minority 1220: 1216: 847: 843: 831:861,770 (11.0%) 820:994,723 (13.4%) 817:803,170 (10.8%) 806:918,956 (12.9%) 803:746,895 (10.5%) 792:925,833 (13.1%) 789:779,383 (11.1%) 778:904,301 (13.3%) 775:761,810 (11.2%) 764:889,612 (14.0%) 761:806,785 (12.7%) 758:693,600 (10.9%) 750:992,368 (16.5%) 747:887,875 (14.7%) 744:788,830 (13.1%) 730:697,402 (13.3%) 716:558,256 (13.8%) 692: 688: 668:Total Population 450:401,183 (10.5%) 418: 414: 411: 404: 397: 393: 390: 384: 360: 359: 352: 345: 342: 336: 327:You can help by 309: 308: 301: 285:English language 232:, also known as 222:Chinese Canadian 214:Italian Canadian 194:English Canadian 84:Total population 81: 77: 68: 61: 57: 54: 48: 29: 28: 21: 4702: 4701: 4697: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4692: 4691: 4627: 4626: 4617: 4612: 4596: 4594: 4585: 4576: 4574: 4565: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4533: 4510: 4508: 4504: 4498: 4487: 4471: 4469: 4465: 4458: 4444: 4442: 4434: 4421: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4382: 4368: 4366: 4362: 4355: 4344: 4318: 4309: 4307: 4287: 4285: 4266: 4264: 4245: 4243: 4242:on July 6, 2011 4239: 4232: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4205: 4191: 4189: 4185: 4178: 4164: 4162: 4158: 4151: 4130: 4128: 4110: 4080: 4075: 4066: 4062: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4039: 4038: 4034: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4013: 4009: 3998: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3975: 3971: 3961: 3959: 3942: 3938: 3928: 3926: 3925:on May 18, 2005 3905: 3901: 3891: 3889: 3868: 3864: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3841: 3835: 3831: 3821: 3819: 3808: 3804: 3794: 3792: 3781: 3777: 3767: 3765: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3738: 3734: 3727: 3721: 3717: 3707: 3705: 3700: 3699: 3695: 3683: 3681: 3672: 3671: 3664: 3662: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3638: 3636: 3627: 3626: 3619: 3617: 3610: 3609: 3605: 3593: 3591: 3582: 3581: 3574: 3572: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3553: 3539: 3535: 3523: 3521: 3512: 3511: 3504: 3502: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3480: 3478: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3459: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3434:Morrin Centre. 3432: 3428: 3415: 3414: 3410: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3382: 3380: 3375: 3374: 3370: 3360: 3358: 3354: 3348: 3344: 3329: 3325: 3315: 3313: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3277: 3268: 3264: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3237: 3231: 3224: 3214: 3212: 3202: 3198: 3188: 3186: 3177: 3176: 3167: 3157: 3155: 3148: 3144: 3134: 3132: 3121: 3117: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3084: 3080: 3073: 3057: 3050: 3043: 3028: 3022: 3018: 3008: 3006: 2995: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2968: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2941: 2937: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2914: 2908: 2897: 2887: 2885: 2874: 2865: 2855: 2853: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2828: 2824: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2765:Irish Quebecers 2740:Franco-Ontarian 2724: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2707: 2704: 2695: 2692: 2683: 2680: 2671: 2665: 2622: 2568:(Pointe-Claire) 2511: 2474:public colleges 2406: 2398:Main articles: 2396: 2388:Parti Québécois 2333:Alliance Quebec 2302:Parti Québécois 2294:Robert Bourassa 2290:Union nationale 2192: 2181: 2175: 2172: 2129: 2127: 2117: 2105: 2094: 2084: 2011:Aylmer Bulletin 1906: 1860:. Listeners in 1818:Virgin Radio 96 1766: 1738:Plattsburgh, NY 1651: 1629: 1613:Gaspé Peninsula 1549:Saint-Hyacinthe 1438: 1422:Sainte-Dorothée 1414: 1371: 1363:French-speaking 1185:Little Burgundy 1150:Irish Quebecers 1075: 1070: 1064: 828:599,230 (7.6%) 814:607,165 (8.2%) 800:591,365 (8.3%) 786:631,038 (9.0%) 772:626,200 (9.2%) 600:918,955 (12.9%) 522:552,610 (19.7%) 517:746,895 (10.5%) 445:591,379 (8.3%) 405: 394: 388: 385: 371:Please help by 370: 361: 357: 346: 340: 337: 326: 310: 306: 299: 293: 250:Anglo-Québécois 234:Anglo-Quebecers 210:Jewish Canadian 206:French Canadian 138: 103: 100: 94: 76: 69: 58: 52: 49: 46: 42:page references 30: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4700: 4690: 4689: 4687:Quebec society 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4625: 4624: 4616: 4615:External links 4613: 4609: 4608: 4604: 4603: 4583: 4563: 4542: 4523: 4522: 4518: 4517: 4496: 4478: 4451: 4431: 4430: 4426: 4425: 4419: 4402: 4375: 4348: 4342: 4326: 4325: 4320: 4295: 4294: 4284:on May 3, 2008 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region 1472:Anglo-Scottish 1437: 1434: 1413: 1410: 1370: 1367: 1320: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1294: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1281: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1208:Côte-Saint-Luc 1181:Black Canadian 1074: 1071: 1063: 1060: 991: 990: 987: 986: 983: 980: 977: 973: 972: 969: 966: 963: 959: 958: 955: 952: 949: 945: 944: 941: 938: 935: 931: 930: 927: 924: 921: 917: 916: 913: 910: 907: 903: 902: 899: 896: 893: 889: 888: 885: 882: 879: 875: 874: 871: 868: 865: 861: 860: 857: 854: 851: 840: 839: 836: 835: 832: 829: 826: 822: 821: 818: 815: 812: 808: 807: 804: 801: 798: 794: 793: 790: 787: 784: 780: 779: 776: 773: 770: 766: 765: 762: 759: 756: 752: 751: 748: 745: 742: 738: 737: 734: 731: 728: 724: 723: 720: 717: 714: 710: 709: 706: 701: 696: 685: 684: 681: 680: 675: 670: 664: 663: 658: 653: 647: 646: 641: 636: 630: 629: 626: 623: 619: 618: 615: 612: 608: 607: 602: 597: 591: 590: 586: 585: 580: 575: 569: 568: 565: 562: 558: 557: 554: 551: 547: 546: 543: 540: 536: 535: 532: 529: 525: 524: 519: 514: 508: 507: 501: 500: 495: 490: 484: 483: 481: 478: 474: 473: 471: 468: 464: 463: 460: 457: 453: 452: 447: 442: 436: 435: 429: 428: 425: 422: 407: 406: 364: 362: 355: 348: 347: 313: 311: 304: 292: 289: 225: 224: 218:Greek Canadian 198:Irish Canadian 190: 189: 185: 184: 165:Roman Catholic 161: 160: 156: 155: 149:Quebec English 145: 144: 140: 139: 137:(historically) 113: 110: 109: 105: 104: 89: 86: 85: 74: 71: 70: 53:September 2010 33: 31: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4699: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4607: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4549: 4545: 4543:0-662-66749-2 4539: 4532: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4519: 4503: 4499: 4493: 4486: 4485: 4479: 4464: 4457: 4452: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4427: 4422: 4420:2-89052-464-7 4416: 4411: 4410: 4403: 4388: 4381: 4376: 4361: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4343:1-55111-579-4 4339: 4335: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4305: 4301: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4238: 4231: 4226: 4211: 4204: 4199: 4184: 4177: 4172: 4157: 4150: 4145: 4144: 4140: 4139: 4126: 4122: 4117: 4116: 4111: 4109:2-89224-068-9 4105: 4100: 4099: 4092: 4091: 4087: 4086: 4085: 4084: 4070: 4064: 4056: 4050: 4042: 4036: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4011: 4003: 3996: 3980: 3973: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3948: 3940: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3903: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3878: 3873: 3866: 3847: 3840: 3833: 3817: 3813: 3806: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3763: 3759: 3752: 3733: 3726: 3723:Jack Jedwab. 3719: 3703: 3697: 3689: 3676: 3661: 3658: 3652: 3644: 3631: 3616: 3613: 3607: 3599: 3586: 3571: 3568: 3562: 3554: 3548: 3544: 3537: 3529: 3516: 3501: 3498: 3492: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3457: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3422: 3418: 3412: 3404: 3400: 3394: 3378: 3372: 3353: 3346: 3338: 3334: 3327: 3312: 3308: 3302: 3283: 3276: 3272: 3266: 3247: 3243: 3236: 3229: 3227: 3210: 3206: 3200: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3153: 3146: 3130: 3126: 3119: 3112: 3101: 3095: 3091: 3090: 3082: 3074: 3072:1-55111-579-4 3068: 3064: 3063: 3055: 3053: 3044: 3042:9781100167145 3038: 3034: 3027: 3020: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2977: 2973: 2966: 2950: 2946: 2939: 2920: 2913: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2883: 2879: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2851: 2845: 2837: 2833: 2826: 2818: 2814: 2807: 2803: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2727: 2726:Canada portal 2716: 2702: 2697: 2690: 2685: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2663: 2658: 2657: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2626: 2614: 2611: 2609:(Quebec City) 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2591: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2516: 2515: 2514: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2465: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2434: 2430: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2359: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2326: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2190: 2187: 2179: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2137: – 2136: 2132: 2131:Find sources: 2125: 2121: 2115: 2114: 2109:This section 2107: 2103: 2098: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2079: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2068: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2022: 2021:Townships Sun 2017: 2013: 2012: 2007: 2003: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1986: 1981: 1977: 1976: 1971: 1967: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1930: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1910: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1882:New Brunswick 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1790:CBC Radio One 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1740:stations are 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1704:stations are 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1557:Drummondville 1554: 1553:Victoriaville 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1505: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1484:Morrin Centre 1481: 1477: 1473: 1466: 1461: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1433: 1431: 1430:Greek descent 1427: 1423: 1419: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1355:multicultural 1352: 1348: 1345:groups. Some 1344: 1339: 1335: 1329: 1327: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1215: 1213: 1212:Saint-Léonard 1209: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1116:Saint-Leonard 1113: 1109: 1105: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1083: 1079: 1069: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1007:home language 1003: 1002: 1001:mother tongue 997: 984: 981: 978: 975: 974: 970: 967: 964: 961: 960: 956: 953: 950: 947: 946: 942: 939: 936: 933: 932: 928: 925: 922: 919: 918: 914: 911: 908: 905: 904: 900: 897: 894: 891: 890: 886: 883: 880: 877: 876: 872: 869: 866: 863: 862: 858: 855: 852: 849: 848: 842: 841: 833: 830: 827: 824: 823: 819: 816: 813: 810: 809: 805: 802: 799: 796: 795: 791: 788: 785: 782: 781: 777: 774: 771: 768: 767: 763: 760: 757: 754: 753: 749: 746: 743: 740: 739: 735: 732: 729: 726: 725: 721: 718: 715: 712: 711: 707: 705: 704:Home language 702: 700: 699:Mother tongue 697: 694: 693: 687: 686: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 665: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 648: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 631: 627: 624: 621: 620: 616: 613: 610: 609: 606: 605:699,203 (25%) 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 592: 587: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 570: 566: 563: 560: 559: 555: 552: 549: 548: 544: 541: 538: 537: 533: 530: 527: 526: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 509: 506: 505:Home language 502: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 485: 482: 479: 476: 475: 472: 469: 466: 465: 461: 458: 455: 454: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 437: 434: 433:Mother tongue 430: 426: 423: 419: 413: 412: 403: 400: 392: 382: 378: 374: 368: 365:This article 363: 354: 353: 344: 335:is available. 334: 330: 324: 323: 319: 314:This article 312: 303: 302: 298: 288: 286: 283:, and strong 282: 277: 275: 274:mother tongue 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 157: 154: 153:Quebec French 150: 146: 141: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 111: 106: 101: 98: 97:Home language 92: 91:Mother tongue 87: 82: 67: 64: 56: 44: 43: 37: 32: 23: 22: 19: 4605: 4595:. 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Retrieved 3696: 3684:|title= 3665:November 11, 3663:. Retrieved 3656: 3651: 3639:|title= 3620:November 11, 3618:. Retrieved 3611: 3606: 3594:|title= 3575:November 11, 3573:. Retrieved 3566: 3561: 3542: 3536: 3524:|title= 3505:November 11, 3503:. Retrieved 3496: 3491: 3479:. Retrieved 3475:the original 3465: 3456: 3444:. Retrieved 3440:the original 3429: 3420: 3411: 3402: 3393: 3381:. Retrieved 3371: 3359:. Retrieved 3345: 3336: 3326: 3314:. Retrieved 3310: 3301: 3289:. Retrieved 3282:the original 3271:Jedwab, Jack 3265: 3253:. Retrieved 3246:the original 3241: 3213:. Retrieved 3205:Jedwab, Jack 3199: 3189:February 16, 3187:. Retrieved 3183:the original 3156:. Retrieved 3145: 3133:. Retrieved 3129:the original 3118: 3110: 3103:. Retrieved 3088: 3081: 3061: 3019: 3007:. Retrieved 3003:the original 2992: 2980:. Retrieved 2976:the original 2965: 2953:. Retrieved 2949:the original 2938: 2926:. Retrieved 2919:the original 2886:. Retrieved 2882:the original 2854:. Retrieved 2844: 2835: 2825: 2816: 2806: 2789: 2654: 2643: 2627: 2623: 2589: 2512: 2479: 2468: 2460: 2442: 2438: 2425: 2407: 2373: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2358:inspectorate 2341: 2330: 2322: 2310: 2272: 2237: 2197: 2182: 2173: 2163: 2156: 2149: 2142: 2130: 2118:Please help 2113:verification 2110: 2073: 2072: 2065: 2059: 2049: 2041: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2019: 2009: 1999: 1998:region, the 1989: 1983: 1973: 1963: 1953: 1947: 1939: 1933: 1927: 1925: 1913: 1845: 1838:Saint-Lazare 1817: 1809: 1798:campus radio 1767: 1687: 1652: 1644: 1609: 1589:Ayer's Cliff 1581:North Hatley 1506: 1502: 1497: 1487: 1469: 1415: 1402:Saint-Lazare 1391: 1372: 1347:First Nation 1330: 1323: 1197: 1178: 1174:D'Arcy McGee 1148: 1124: 1101: 1056: 1052: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1005: 999: 994: 677: 672: 667: 660: 655: 650: 643: 638: 633: 604: 599: 594: 582: 577: 572: 521: 516: 511: 497: 492: 487: 477:Eng + Other 449: 444: 439: 395: 386: 373:spinning off 366: 338: 333:Editing help 315: 278: 268:province of 257: 256:) or simply 253: 249: 248:; in French 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 228: 95: 75:Ethnic group 59: 50: 39: 18: 4521:Health Care 4088:Communities 3316:October 31, 3158:January 22, 3009:October 27, 2856:October 26, 2603:(Shawville) 2509:Health care 2075:Maisonneuve 1975:The Gleaner 1922:in Montreal 1915:The Gazette 1912:Offices of 1890:New England 1866:Lennoxville 1858:Kanien'keha 1846:Jewel 106.7 1826:CBC Radio 2 1820:, hot AC), 1577:Lennoxville 1569:Sawyerville 1519:) and many 1500:bookstore 1476:Quebec City 1450:Lennoxville 1226:Population 1189:Saint-Henri 1158:Griffintown 1135:Protestants 1108:West Island 266:francophone 119:West Island 4631:Categories 4141:Population 4078:References 3909:"Bill 178" 3612:www.cbc.ca 3154:. 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