1050:
1066:
854:
1094:
1078:
100:
44:
75:
551:(not a tree)—up to 6 m (20 ft) tall. The tallest to be reported was 42 feet (13 meters). It has a stout pseudostem of tightly overlapping leaf bases, and large banana-like leaf blades of up to 5 m (16 ft) tall by 1 m (3 ft 3 in) wide, with a salmon-pink midrib. A mature plant weighs about 550 pounds (250 kilograms). The flowers, which only occur once from the centre of the plant at the end of that plant's life,(
2590:
693:
immature plants. Hence farmers were overexploiting their Enset reserves thereby causing gradual losses and disappearance of the false banana as an important household food security reserve. Even though not all the plant losses can be attributed to drought and land shortage and hence early consumption of immature crops, estimations go as far as more than 60% of the false banana crop stands have been lost in some areas in
586:
924:
enset plants, which is a tedious work (transformation of the plant into useful material, principally food and fibres) for which they generally come together. Men are banned from the field during this process. As women are responsible to provide sufficient food to their family, they are the ones who choose when and which plant to harvest and which quantity to sell.
664:) are cooked and eaten, being tasty and nutritious and very like the core of palms and cycads. In Ethiopia, more than 150,000 hectares (370,000 acres; 580 sq mi) are cultivated for the starchy staple food prepared from the pulverised trunk and inflorescence stalk. Fermenting these pulverised parts results in a food called
927:
Several studies state the importance of women's knowledge on the different crop varieties. Women are more likely to precisely recognize the different varieties of the plant than men. Nevertheless, women's work is often neglected or considered of lesser importance than men's by researchers and farmers
914:
The plant is very important for food security because it is quite resistant to droughts (the growth only stops for a short time) and it can be harvested at any development stage. Nevertheless, in recent years, the population growth has put pressure on enset cultivation systems. This is mainly because
870:
pathovar
Musacerum which creates bacterial wilt, also known as borijje and wol’a by the Kore people. The first observation of this disease was reported by Yirgou and Bradbury in 1968. The manifestation of the bacterial wilt is taking place in the apical leaves that will wilt then dry and finally lead
923:
Gender roles in enset cultivation are of high importance, as a strong division of work exists: generally men are responsible for the propagation, cultivation, and transplanting of enset, while women are in charge of manuring, hand-weeding, thinning and landrace selection. Additionally, women process
722:
A good quality fibre, suitable for ropes, twine, baskets, and general weaving, is obtained from the leaves. Dried leaf-sheaths are used as packing material, serving the same function as
Western foam plastic and polystyrene. The entire plant but the roots is used to feed livestock. Fresh leaves are a
672:
is made from the liquid squeezed out of the mixture and sometimes eaten as a porridge, while the remaining solids are suitable for consumption after a settling period of some days. Mixed kocho and bulla can be kneaded into dough, then flattened and baked over a fire. Kocho is in places regarded as a
874:
Other diseases have been observed such as Okka and Woqa which occur respectively in case of severe drought and in situations of too much water in the soil which causes the proliferation of bacteria. These problems can be solved by either watering the field when drought is present or by draining the
778:
feeds on the roots and corm of the enset plant which leads to slower growth and easier uprooting. Even though enset can be infested at all age stages, the highest risk is between the second or fourth growth year. The dispersion of the mealybug occurs through different vectors: First, the larvae can
625:
in the seventeenth century. Each plant takes four to five years to mature, at which time a single root will yield about 40 kg (88 lb) of food. Because of the long period of time from planting to harvest, plantings need to be staggered over time, to ensure that there is enset available for
2604:
940:
In
Ethiopia, over 300 enset varieties have been recorded which is important for agro- and biodiversity. The farmers’ main interest for maintaining biodiversity is the different beneficial characteristics of each variety. This means that Ethiopian farmers spread important characteristics over many
931:
Another important aspect in which gender plays a role is in the classification of enset varieties. Indeed, they differentiate "male" varieties from "female" varieties, according to the preferences of men and women who harvest them. Whereas men prefer late maturing genotypes resistant to diseases,
791:
over longer distances and reach enset plants. However, the main transport vectors are unclean working tools and the usage of already infected suckers. This means that the best way to get rid of the bug and to limit its propagation is to uproot the plant and burn it. In addition, the fields can be
944:
More than 11 ethnic groups with different cultures, traditions and agricultural systems inhabit the enset-growing regions. This contributes to the high number of varieties. Over centuries, the different ethnic groups have applied their specific indigenous knowledge of farming systems in order to
692:
Apart from an enset plant disease epidemic in 1984–85 which wiped out large parts of the plantations and created the green famine, in the past 10 years major factors were recurrent drought and food shortage together with acute land shortage that forced farmers more and more into consumption of
948:
Enset biodiversity is preserved not only due to the presence of different ethnic groups but also due to different households’ wealth status. Richer farmers can generally afford to maintain a higher level of farm biodiversity because they have more resources such as land, labour and livestock.
697:
during the last 10 years. This basically means that a great many people who used to close the food gap with false banana consumption are not able to do so any more, and lacking a viable alternative, have become food insecure and highly vulnerable to climatic and economic disruptions of their
601:
Enset is a very important local food source especially in
Ethiopia. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations reports that "enset provides more amount of foodstuff per unit area than most cereals. It is estimated that 40 to 60 enset plants occupying 250–375 square metres
645:. Up to 400 suckers can be produced from just one mother plant. In 1994 3,000 km (1,200 sq mi) of enset were grown in Ethiopia, with a harvest estimated to be almost 10 tonnes per hectare (4.0 long ton/acre; 4.5 short ton/acre). Enset is often intercropped with
747:
Bruce also discussed the plant's place in the mythology of Egypt and pointed out that some
Egyptian statue carvings depict the goddess Isis sitting among the leaves of what was thought to be a banana plant, a plant native to Southeast Asia and not known in Ancient Egypt.
735:
first sent a description and quite accurate drawings of a plant common in the marshes around Gondar in
Ethiopia, confidently pronounced it to be "no species of Musa" and wrote that its local name was "ensete". In 1853 the British Consul at Mussowah sent some seeds to
910:
together with pastoralism, shifting cultivation and the seed-farming complex. It is widely used by around 20 million people, which represent 20-25% of the population. They mainly live in the densely populated highlands of south and southwest
Ethiopia.
744:. Kew, quite understandably, did not make the connection, especially as they had never before seen such seeds. However, when the seeds had germinated and the plants had rapidly gained size, their relationship to the true banana became obvious.
902:
is reported to be 10,000 years old, though there is little empirical evidence to support this. It has major economic, social, cultural and environmental functions related to trade, medicine, cultural identity, rituals or settlement patterns.
529:, extending northwards from South Africa through Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania to Ethiopia, and west to the Congo, being found in high-rainfall forests on mountains, and along forested ravines and streams.
871:
to the drying of the whole plant. The only way to avoid the spreading of the disease is in uprooting, burning and burying plants as well as in applying strict control of the knives and tools used to harvest and treat the plants.
787:-ant symbiotic relationships can be linked to enset infestation and protect and even transport the mealybug over short distances. In return, they feed on the mealybug honeydew. Third, flooding events can transport the
1991:
949:
Therefore, they can cultivate more varieties with differing specific characteristics. However, also poorer households try to maintain as many clones as possible by selecting the disease-resistant first.
941:
enset varieties instead of combining a number of desired characteristics in one single genotype This is a significant difference between
Ethiopian subsistence farmers’ and plant breeders’ approaches.
2087:
932:
women prefer varieties that are good for cooking and can be harvested for consumption at an earlier stage. In general, households tend to have slightly more “female” genotypes than "male" ones.
945:
sustain production in various ways. A dying out of enset varieties would hence also make disappear a part of cultural practices and linguistic terms in
Ethiopia (Negash et al., 2004).
2396:"Enset-based agricultural systems in Ethiopia: A systematic review of production trends, agronomy, processing and the wider food security applications of a neglected banana relative"
1797:
2537:
1950:
1049:
890:
leaf streaks. The symptoms are basically dark/brown lesions surrounded by yellow on the leaves. This disease happens to be favoured by high rainfall and lower temperature.
2394:
Borrell, James S.; Goodwin, Mark; Blomme, Guy; Jacobsen, Kim; Wendawek, Abebe M.; Gashu, Dawd; Lulekal, Ermias; Asfaw, Zemede; Demissew, Sebsebe; Wilkin, Paul (2020).
1910:
2535:
Negash, Almaz; Niehof, Anke (2004). "The significance of enset culture and biodiversity for rural household food and livelihood security in southwestern
Ethiopia".
1948:
Negash, Almaz; Niehof, Anke (2004). "The significance of enset culture and biodiversity for rural household food and livelihood security in southwestern Ethiopia".
1030:
594:
2223:
915:
of a decrease of fertilization through manure and an increase in demand, especially during droughts. At such times, enset becomes the only resource available.
1255:
Wilkin, Paul; Demissew, Sebsebe; Willis, Kathy; Woldeyes, Feleke; Davis, Aaron P.; Molla, Ermias L.; Janssens, Steven; Kallow, Simon; Berhanu, Admas (2019).
841:
create lesions on the corm and roots, which can lead to cavities up to 2 cm (0.79 in) and characteristic purple colouring around the cavities. The
766:
707:
The plant is quick-growing and often cultivated as an ornamental plant. In frost-prone areas it requires winter protection under glass. It has gained the
2127:
864:
The enset plant can be subject to multiple diseases that threaten its use in agriculture. The most well known of them is the infection by the bacteria
1084:
498:. The domesticated form of the plant is cultivated only in Ethiopia, where it provides the staple food for approximately 20 million people. The name
2801:
2163:
MarĂn, Douglas H.; Romero, Ronald A.; Guzmán, Mauricio; Sutton, Turner B. (2003). "Black Sigatoka: An Increasing Threat to Banana Cultivation".
3193:
1770:
1225:
2980:
2853:
1230:
3163:
1674:
3183:
2594:
677:
is cooked like potatoes before eating. Dry kocho and bulla are energy-rich and produce from 14 to 20 kJ/g (3.3 to 4.8 kcal/g).
2430:
613:, a traditional staple in the densely populated south and southwestern parts of Ethiopia. Its importance to the diet and economy of the
3223:
2941:
2481:
1432:
3070:
2749:
2329:
Brandt, S. A., Spring, A., Hiebsch, C., McCabe, J. T., Tabogie, E., Diro, M., … Tesfaye, S. (1997). The “Tree Against Hunger,” 66.
723:
common fodder for cattle during the dry season, and many farmers feed their animals with residues of enset harvest or processing.
3188:
3083:
2814:
2762:
1195:
1186:
3178:
2876:
2845:
1392:
2819:
1532:
1056:
845:
infestation leads to the easy uprooting of the affected plants. Crop rotation can counteract high nematode infestations.
2370:
2292:
2174:
2139:
1467:
559:
to ten feet ( three meters) in length bearing thirty or more "hands" of young bananas which are covered by large pink
2273:
Zandjanakou-Tachin, M.; Ojiambo, P. S.; Vroh-Bi, I.; Tenkouano, A.; Gumedzoe, Y. M.; Bandyopadhyay, R. (2 July 2012).
3218:
1746:
792:
kept free of plant growth for a month since the mealybug can only survive up to three weeks without plant material.
3213:
1077:
3096:
2858:
2788:
2881:
673:
delicacy, suitable for serving at feasts and ceremonies such as weddings, when wheat flour is added. The fresh
3114:
2959:
2028:: a major constraint to banana, plantain and enset production in central and east Africa over the past decade"
2211:
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MoRA). (2009). Crop variety register issueNo. 12. pp. 157–159.
2077:
Gurmu, Tadesse; Adugna, Girma; Berecha, Gezahegn (28 December 2016). "Black Sigatoka leaf streaks of banana (
1191:
1065:
2665:
1865:
1625:
1495:
2967:
2689:
2684:
2572:
1985:
Yirgou, D.; Bradbury, J. F. (19 March 1974). "A Note on Wilt of Banana Caused by the Enset Wilt Organism
708:
526:
3208:
3173:
3109:
3088:
2954:
2767:
2473:"Exploiting indigenous knowledge of subsistence farmers' for the management and conservation of Enset (
1177:
684:
has fallen for a number of reasons, as detailed in the April 2003 issue of the UN-OCHA Ethiopia unit's
1141:
1093:
2868:
2840:
2283:
2221:
Swennen, R.; Vuylsteke, D. (1993). "Breeding Black Sigatoka resistant plantains with a wild banana".
2032:
237:
1410:
Checklists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire - #5 - Tanganyika Territory - Part 2
3198:
1600:
99:
1651:
3203:
2946:
2715:
2165:
518:
2920:
1574:
756:
A major issue with the cultivation of enset is its vulnerability to several pests and diseases.
2806:
2627:
2429:
Ragasa, Catherine; Berhane, Guush; Tadesse, Fanaye; Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum (October 2013).
2400:
866:
2832:
928:
and women are less likely to get access to extension services and quality services than men.
712:
571:
216:
17:
2907:
2723:
1709:
1025:
837:
825:
1835:
Adaptation and Change in Enset Ecology and Farming Among the Kore of Southwestern Ethiopia
1422:
gardener's chronicle Volume 27 (third series) February 3, 1900 Page 69. Quoting Kew Bull
680:
It is a major crop, although often supplemented with cereal crops. However its value as a
8:
2915:
2550:
1963:
1705:
Encyclopædia Britannica: Or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature
1444:
878:
Another disease can strike enset even though it has been more observed on Banana plants (
233:
64:
1306:
1118:
3135:
3006:
2933:
2554:
2505:
2472:
2453:
2259:
2104:
2054:
2019:
1967:
1764:
1502:(Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University, 1968), p. 194. Pankhurst uses the taxononym
1345:
1283:
1256:
883:
831:
245:
94:
2985:
602:(2,700–4,000 sq ft) can provide enough food for a family of 5 to 6 people."
3057:
2902:
2697:
2558:
2510:
2471:
Yemataw, Zerihun; Tesfaye, Kassahun; Zeberga, Awole; Blomme, Guy (1 September 2016).
2376:
2366:
2301:
2274:
2194:
2186:
2145:
2135:
2059:
1971:
1838:
1788:
1752:
1742:
1557:
1463:
1388:
1288:
55:
2457:
2108:
1163:
3140:
3062:
3011:
2702:
2546:
2500:
2490:
2445:
2409:
2296:
2255:
2178:
2096:
2049:
2041:
2004:
2000:
1959:
1919:
1884:
1874:
1337:
1278:
1270:
1261:
1136:
2431:"Gender Differences in Access to Extension Services and Agricultural Productivity"
1703:
622:
3168:
3038:
2889:
2449:
2131:
1536:
853:
661:
590:
548:
487:
137:
2972:
1529:
3049:
2928:
2676:
2182:
887:
857:
124:
2495:
2100:
1923:
1842:
3157:
2827:
2650:
2380:
2190:
1879:
1860:
1756:
1369:
1127:
935:
150:
84:
79:
2149:
1519:, translated by Donald M. Lockhart (London: Hakluyt Society, 1984), pp. 245f
3127:
2998:
2514:
2198:
2063:
1292:
1216:
665:
650:
522:
503:
173:
2894:
2612:
823:, there are two predominant species: there are the root lesion nematodes (
2775:
2659:
2272:
2018:
Nakato, Valentine; Mahuku, George; Coutinho, Teresa (20 September 2017).
1274:
800:
737:
732:
681:
642:
631:
163:
1678:
3075:
2754:
2414:
2395:
2359:
On indigenous production, genetic diversity and crop ecology of enset (
1904:
Peregrine, W. T. H.; Bridge, John (January 1992). "The lesion nematode
1530:"Five thousand years of sustainability? A case study on Gedeo land use"
1349:
1325:
1257:"Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple"
816:
552:
542:
43:
2780:
2045:
1889:
660:
The young and tender tissues in the centre or heart of the plant (the
593:
woman extracting the edible part of an enset with a traditional tool (
2736:
1787:
Addis, Temesgen; Azerefegne, Ferdu; Blomme, Guy; Kanaujia, K (2008).
1038:
and noted that both are found in the mountains of equatorial Africa.
812:
610:
563:. The roots are an important foodstuff, but the fruits are inedible (
545:
2621:
1341:
3122:
3032:
2993:
2644:
2589:
1669:
Heuzé V., Thiollet H., Tran G., Hassoun P., Lebas F., 2016. Enset (
907:
899:
879:
842:
835:
sp.) and their appearance stand in connection with bacterial wilt.
820:
808:
796:
788:
784:
780:
771:
716:
495:
183:
3101:
2793:
2741:
2710:
906:
The Enset-planting complex is one of the four farming systems of
893:
646:
627:
483:
2728:
2242:
Tushemereirwe, W. K.; Waller, J. M. (1993). "Black leaf streak (
1558:"Enset as staple food not valuable anymore to bridge food gap",
654:
618:
614:
556:
491:
193:
1307:"A 'banana falsa' que pode ser solução para alimentar milhões"
1786:
804:
694:
585:
560:
111:
2428:
2393:
1412:. Oxford, England: Imperial Forestry Institute. p. 364.
1254:
2470:
2122:
Jones, David Robert (1999). "Black leaf streak: Symptoms".
1861:"Density and distribution on enset root mealybugs on enset"
764:
The most common pest that threatens enset is caused by the
674:
638:
1387:. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136.
936:
Enset biodiversity and socio-cultural and -economic groups
918:
1483:
27:
Species of flowering plant in the banana family Musaceae
2162:
1793:
and its Geographical Distribution in Southern Ethiopia"
2477:(Welw.) Cheesman) (Musaceae family) diversity on-farm"
1858:
1164:"The Plant List: A Working List of all Plant Species"
641:, while most domesticated plants are propagated from
2602:
2017:
1606:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 35
2573:"Ensete ventricosum 'Hiniba' | /RHS Gardening"
2438:
The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
2241:
577:means “with a swelling on the side, like a belly”.
567:, flavorless) and have hard, black, rounded seeds.
2603:Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. (2014).
2076:
1859:Addis, T; Azerefegne, F; Blomme, G (11 May 2010).
2617:. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.
2279:species infecting banana and plantain in Nigeria"
1739:Plant protection in tropical root and tuber crops
1702:Macfarquhar, Colin; Gleig, George (4 June 1797).
1142:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22486245A22486942.en
783:tend to move only after being disturbed. Second,
3155:
2220:
1701:
1903:
1548:Kippie Kanshie, T. "Five thousand years", p. 19
1992:East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal
1984:
1407:
894:Socio-cultural importance of enset in Ethiopia
1665:
1663:
1661:
1231:South African National Biodiversity Institute
952:
815:and wild pigs. The latter erode the corm and
626:harvest in every season. Enset will tolerate
2534:
1947:
1317:
1116:
1677:, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO.
731:In 1769, the celebrated Scottish traveller
1769:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1658:
1564:, UN-OCHA-Ethiopia (accessed 3 March 2009)
73:
42:
2504:
2494:
2482:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
2413:
2300:
2053:
1888:
1878:
1832:
1282:
1140:
2088:Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection
1833:Assoma, Awoke Amzaye; Hewlett, Barry S.
1457:
1323:
852:
740:, mentioning that their native name was
584:
506:1947, p. 101. Its synonyms include
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
1908:important pest of Ensete in Ethiopia".
1408:Brenan, J.P.N.; Greenway, P.J. (1949).
1379:
1377:
1196:United States Department of Agriculture
1187:Germplasm Resources Information Network
919:The role of gender in enset cultivation
14:
3156:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1854:
1852:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1805:(1): 251–260 – via Researchgate.
1782:
1780:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1708:. A. Bell and C. Macfarquhar. p.
541:is a large non-woody plant—a gigantic
3194:Flora of West-Central Tropical Africa
2626:
2625:
2121:
1679:https://www.feedipedia.org/node/21251
1451:
1385:RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants
751:
719:'Maurelii' (Ethiopian black banana)
2869:0163aa8e-c631-4991-bff3-d1405b285d05
2521:
2333:
2124:Diseases of banana, abacá, and enset
1789:"Biology of the Enset Root Mealybug
1652:"Plant Resources of Tropical Africa"
1462:. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley.
1374:
1250:
1248:
1209:
649:, although the practice amongst the
637:Wild enset plants are produced from
580:
3164:IUCN Red List least concern species
2309:
1930:
1849:
1809:
1777:
1719:
1539:(PhD dissertation: May 2002), p. 38
1170:
1128:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1110:
1057:Jardin botanique exotique de Menton
24:
3184:Flora of Northeast Tropical Africa
2551:10.1023/b:ahum.0000014023.30611.ad
2293:American Phytopathological Society
2260:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01525.x
2175:American Phytopathological Society
1964:10.1023/b:ahum.0000014023.30611.ad
1737:P., Parvatha Reddy (5 June 2015).
1736:
25:
3235:
3224:Taxa named by Friedrich Welwitsch
2582:
1245:
3115:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:797626-1
2960:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:584810-1
2588:
2302:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02650.x
1092:
1076:
1064:
1048:
779:crawl short distances as adults
98:
2565:
2464:
2422:
2387:
2266:
2235:
2214:
2205:
2156:
2115:
2070:
2011:
1978:
1897:
1695:
1683:
1644:
1618:
1593:
1567:
1551:
1542:
1522:
1517:The Itinerário of Jerónimo Lobo
1509:
1489:
1476:
1425:
1416:
1401:
1326:"Classification of the bananas"
829:) and the root-knot nematodes (
609:) is Ethiopia's most important
323:(K.Schum. & Warb.) Cheesman
3189:Flora of South Tropical Africa
2614:African plants – a Photo Guide
2005:10.1080/00128325.1974.11662720
1798:Journal of Applied Biosciences
1712:– via Internet Archive.
1363:
1299:
1156:
875:soil to avoid too much water.
621:peoples was first recorded by
532:
263:(Rendle & Greves) Cheesman
13:
1:
3179:Flora of East Tropical Africa
1581:. Royal Horticultural Society
1192:Agricultural Research Service
1104:
882:). This disease is caused by
702:
329:(Warb. & Moritz) Cheesman
2538:Agriculture and Human Values
2450:10.1080/1389224x.2013.817343
1951:Agriculture and Human Values
1866:African Crop Science Journal
1500:Economic History of Ethiopia
1034:was indistinguishable from
7:
1690:Curtis's Botanical Magazine
1482:Country Information Brief,
1458:Harrison, Lorraine (2012).
848:
709:Royal Horticultural Society
525:to the eastern edge of the
502:was first published in the
10:
3240:
2183:10.1094/pdis.2003.87.3.208
1041:
953:Known variants and hybrids
726:
521:. In its wild form, it is
3022:
2634:
2496:10.1186/s13002-016-0109-8
2275:"Pathogenic variation of
2101:10.1007/s41348-016-0070-8
2033:Molecular Plant Pathology
1924:10.1080/09670879209371719
1673:) corms and pseudostems.
1601:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
1535:28 September 2011 at the
1059:, Alpes-Maritimes, France
886:. and is commonly called
555:) are in massive pendant
251:
244:
222:
215:
95:Scientific classification
93:
71:
62:
50:
41:
34:
3219:Plants described in 1859
2357:Tsegaye, Admasu (2002).
2244:Mycosphaerella fijiensis
2083:Mycosphaerella fijiensis
1911:Tropical Pest Management
1880:10.4314/acsj.v16i1.54344
1324:Cheesman, E. E. (1947).
1135:: e.T22486245A22486942.
759:
653:is to intercrop it with
3214:Garden plants of Africa
1460:RHS Latin for Gardeners
2401:Plants, People, Planet
2022:Xanthomonas campestris
1987:Xanthomonas musacearum
1906:Pratylenchus goodeyian
1031:Ensete livingstonianum
867:Xanthomonas campestris
861:
700:
598:
1117:Williams, E. (2017).
996:'Tandarra Red' (syn.
898:Enset cultivation in
856:
713:Award of Garden Merit
690:
588:
527:Great African Plateau
321:Ensete schweinfurthii
2224:Tropical Agriculture
1791:Cataenococcus ensete
838:Pratylenchus goodeyi
826:Pratylenchus goodeyi
795:Other pests include
698:agricultural system.
454:, commonly known as
429:K.Schum. & Warb.
315:Ensete rubronervatum
1528:Kippie Kanshie, T.
1028:felt that in habit
1006:'Red Stripe' (syn.
776:Cataenococcus enset
767:Cataenococcus enset
427:Musa schweinfurthii
357:Rendle & Greves
343:Mnasium theophrasti
317:(De Wild.) Cheesman
311:(De Wild.) Cheesman
303:Ensete proboscideum
299:(De Wild.) Cheesman
293:(K.Schum.) Cheesman
257:(De Wild.) Cheesman
208:E. ventricosum
65:Conservation status
2921:Ensete ventricosum
2666:Ensete ventricosum
2636:Ensete ventricosum
2607:Ensete ventricosum
2595:Ensete ventricosum
2475:Ensete ventricosum
2415:10.1002/ppp3.10084
2361:Ensete ventricosum
2134:. pp. 44–48.
1671:Ensete ventricosum
1628:Ensete ventricosum
1577:Ensete ventricosum
1435:Ensete ventricosum
1275:10.1093/aob/mcy214
1219:Ensete ventricosum
1180:Ensete ventricosum
1121:Ensete ventricosum
1014:Ensete ventricosum
1004:Ensete ventricosum
994:Ensete ventricosum
988:Ensete ventricosum
982:Ensete ventricosum
972:Ensete ventricosum
970:Red false banana (
965:Ensete ventricosum
959:Ensete ventricosum
862:
752:Pests and diseases
599:
539:Ensete ventricosum
500:Ensete ventricosum
451:Ensete ventricosum
435:Warb. & Moritz
333:Ensete ventricosum
255:Ensete arnoldianum
226:Ensete ventricosum
52:Ensete ventricosum
36:Ensete ventricosum
3209:Ethiopian cuisine
3174:Afromontane flora
3151:
3150:
2903:Open Tree of Life
2628:Taxon identifiers
2363:(Welw.) Cheesman)
2128:Wallingford, Oxon
2046:10.1111/mpp.12578
1714:Maitsha Ethiopia.
1560:Focus on Ethiopia
1496:Richard Pankhurst
1394:978-1-4053-3296-5
974:'Maurelii', syn.
884:Mycospharella spp
686:Focus on Ethiopia
630:better than most
581:Use as a foodcrop
468:Abyssinian banana
447:
446:
421:Musa rubronervata
327:Ensete ulugurense
267:Ensete buchananii
88:
56:Walter Hood Fitch
16:(Redirected from
3231:
3144:
3143:
3131:
3130:
3118:
3117:
3105:
3104:
3092:
3091:
3079:
3078:
3066:
3065:
3053:
3052:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3015:
3014:
3002:
3001:
2989:
2988:
2976:
2975:
2963:
2962:
2950:
2949:
2937:
2936:
2924:
2923:
2911:
2910:
2898:
2897:
2885:
2884:
2872:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2849:
2848:
2836:
2835:
2823:
2822:
2810:
2809:
2797:
2796:
2784:
2783:
2771:
2770:
2758:
2757:
2745:
2744:
2732:
2731:
2719:
2718:
2706:
2705:
2693:
2692:
2680:
2679:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2593:Data related to
2592:
2577:
2576:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2532:
2519:
2518:
2508:
2498:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2435:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2354:
2331:
2326:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2295:(APS): 298–308.
2270:
2264:
2263:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2177:(APS): 208–222.
2160:
2154:
2153:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2081:spp.) caused by
2074:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2015:
2009:
2008:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1945:
1928:
1927:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1882:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1830:
1807:
1806:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1760:
1734:
1717:
1716:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1667:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1571:
1565:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1526:
1520:
1513:
1507:
1493:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1447:on 30 June 2018.
1443:. Archived from
1429:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1381:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1286:
1262:Annals of Botany
1252:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1114:
1096:
1080:
1068:
1052:
770:which is a root
572:specific epithet
464:Ethiopian banana
433:Musa ulugurensis
409:Musa proboscidea
403:Musa martretiana
309:Ensete ruandense
305:(Oliv.) Cheesman
297:Ensete laurentii
287:(Stapf) Cheesman
275:(Stapf) Cheesman
269:(Baker) Cheesman
261:Ensete bagshawei
228:
103:
102:
82:
77:
76:
46:
32:
31:
21:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3199:Trees of Africa
3154:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3139:
3134:
3126:
3121:
3113:
3108:
3100:
3095:
3087:
3082:
3074:
3069:
3061:
3056:
3048:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3024:Musa ventricosa
3018:
3010:
3005:
2997:
2992:
2984:
2979:
2971:
2966:
2958:
2953:
2945:
2940:
2932:
2927:
2919:
2914:
2906:
2901:
2893:
2890:Observation.org
2888:
2880:
2875:
2867:
2865:
2857:
2852:
2844:
2839:
2831:
2826:
2818:
2813:
2805:
2800:
2792:
2787:
2779:
2774:
2766:
2761:
2753:
2748:
2740:
2735:
2727:
2722:
2714:
2709:
2701:
2696:
2688:
2683:
2675:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2630:
2585:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2533:
2522:
2469:
2465:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2392:
2388:
2373:
2355:
2334:
2327:
2310:
2284:Plant Pathology
2271:
2267:
2248:Plant Pathology
2240:
2236:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2161:
2157:
2142:
2132:CABI Publishing
2120:
2116:
2075:
2071:
2016:
2012:
1983:
1979:
1946:
1931:
1902:
1898:
1857:
1850:
1831:
1810:
1785:
1778:
1762:
1761:
1749:
1735:
1720:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1668:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1537:Wayback Machine
1527:
1523:
1515:JerĂłnimo Lobo,
1514:
1510:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1456:
1452:
1441:ecocrop.fao.org
1431:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1342:10.2307/4109206
1322:
1318:
1311:BBC News Brasil
1305:
1304:
1300:
1253:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1100:
1097:
1088:
1085:Mount Tsetserra
1081:
1072:
1069:
1060:
1053:
1044:
1000:'Tandarra Red')
990:'Montbeliardii'
961:'Atropurpureum'
955:
938:
921:
896:
851:
762:
754:
729:
705:
583:
535:
512:Musa ventricosa
508:Musa arnoldiana
488:flowering plant
439:Musa ventricosa
415:Musa ruandensis
361:Musa buchananii
349:Musa arnoldiana
285:Ensete fecundum
281:Bruce ex Horan.
240:
230:
224:
211:
97:
89:
78:
74:
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3237:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3204:Tropical fruit
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3141:wfo-0000475213
3132:
3119:
3106:
3093:
3080:
3067:
3054:
3044:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3012:wfo-0000407924
3003:
2990:
2977:
2964:
2951:
2938:
2925:
2912:
2899:
2886:
2873:
2863:
2850:
2837:
2824:
2811:
2798:
2785:
2772:
2759:
2746:
2733:
2720:
2707:
2694:
2681:
2671:
2656:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2620:
2619:
2600:
2598:
2597:at Wikispecies
2584:
2583:External links
2581:
2579:
2578:
2564:
2520:
2463:
2444:(5): 437–468.
2421:
2408:(3): 212–228.
2386:
2372:978-9058086280
2371:
2332:
2308:
2277:Mycosphaerella
2265:
2254:(3): 471–472.
2246:) in Uganda".
2234:
2213:
2204:
2155:
2141:978-0851993553
2140:
2114:
2095:(3): 245–253.
2085:in Ethiopia".
2069:
2040:(3): 525–536.
2010:
1999:(1): 111–114.
1977:
1929:
1918:(3): 325–326.
1896:
1848:
1808:
1776:
1747:
1718:
1694:
1692:vol. 87 (1861)
1682:
1657:
1643:
1617:
1592:
1566:
1550:
1541:
1521:
1508:
1488:
1475:
1469:978-1845337315
1468:
1450:
1424:
1415:
1400:
1393:
1373:
1362:
1316:
1298:
1269:(5): 747–766.
1244:
1208:
1169:
1155:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1091:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:E. ventricosum
1022:
1021:
1016:'Rubra' (syn.
1011:
1001:
991:
985:
979:
968:
967:'Green Stripe'
962:
954:
951:
937:
934:
920:
917:
895:
892:
888:black Sigatoka
858:Black Sigatoka
850:
847:
761:
758:
753:
750:
728:
725:
704:
701:
607:E. ventricosum
582:
579:
537:Like bananas,
534:
531:
445:
444:
443:
442:
436:
430:
424:
418:
412:
406:
400:
397:Musa laurentii
394:
388:
382:
376:
370:
364:
358:
355:Musa bagshawei
352:
346:
340:
330:
324:
318:
312:
306:
300:
294:
291:Ensete holstii
288:
282:
276:
270:
264:
258:
249:
248:
242:
241:
231:
220:
219:
213:
212:
205:
203:
199:
198:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
154:
153:
148:
141:
140:
135:
128:
127:
122:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
91:
90:
72:
69:
68:
63:
60:
59:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3236:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2574:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2467:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2217:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2166:Plant Disease
2159:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1783:
1781:
1772:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1748:9788132223894
1744:
1741:. New Delhi.
1740:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1698:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1653:
1647:
1631:
1629:
1621:
1602:
1596:
1580:
1578:
1570:
1563:
1561:
1554:
1545:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1518:
1512:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1479:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1428:
1419:
1411:
1404:
1396:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1336:(2): 97–106.
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1251:
1249:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1173:
1165:
1159:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1113:
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1071:Flower detail
1067:
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1051:
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1033:
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1019:
1015:
1012:
1010:'Red Stripe')
1009:
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989:
986:
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977:
976:Musa maurelii
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819:. As for the
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715:, as has the
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662:growing point
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623:JerĂłnimo Lobo
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337:montbeliardii
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80:Least Concern
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33:
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2545:(1): 61–71.
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2013:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1958:(1): 61–71.
1955:
1949:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1899:
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1864:
1834:
1802:
1796:
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1697:
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1634:. Retrieved
1627:
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1608:. Retrieved
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1583:. Retrieved
1576:
1569:
1562:, April 2003
1559:
1553:
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1445:the original
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1384:
1370:Knowledge DE
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1333:
1330:Kew Bulletin
1329:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1266:
1260:
1235:. Retrieved
1226:PlantZAfrica
1224:
1218:
1211:
1199:. Retrieved
1185:
1179:
1172:
1158:
1146:. Retrieved
1132:
1126:
1120:
1112:
1087:, Mozambique
1055:Specimen in
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801:spider mites
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651:Gedeo people
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632:cereal crops
606:
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574:
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519:J. F. Gmelin
515:
511:
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504:Kew Bulletin
499:
479:
476:false banana
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385:Musa holstii
384:
379:Musa fecunda
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279:Ensete edule
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207:
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194:
174:Zingiberales
157:
144:
131:
118:
51:
35:
29:
2776:iNaturalist
2660:Wikispecies
2231:(1): 74–77.
1630:'Maurelii'"
1504:Musa ensete
1201:20 December
1099:Stem detail
1018:Musa ensete
860:leaf streak
832:Meloidogyne
738:Kew Gardens
733:James Bruce
682:famine food
597:, Ethiopia)
575:ventricosum
533:Description
516:Musa ensete
480:wild banana
391:Musa kaguna
373:Musa ensete
367:Musa davyae
164:Commelinids
138:Angiosperms
3158:Categories
2934:kew-243317
2929:Plant List
2026:musacearum
1890:1807/47442
1843:1056710194
1675:Feedipedia
1610:6 February
1486:June 1995.
1355:22 January
1237:4 December
1148:21 January
1105:References
817:pseudostem
813:porcupines
703:Other uses
570:The Latin
553:monocarpic
543:monocarpic
514:Welw. and
510:De Wild.,
3039:Q39272062
2559:153467789
2489:(1): 34.
2381:906993853
2191:0191-2917
1972:153467789
1765:cite book
1757:910878064
1083:Plant on
1026:John Kirk
821:nematodes
809:mole rats
797:nematodes
785:mealybugs
781:mealybugs
611:root crop
557:thyrsesup
549:perennial
546:evergreen
375:J.F.Gmel.
202:Species:
108:Kingdom:
3128:21500451
3123:Tropicos
3102:797626-1
3033:Wikidata
2999:21500375
2994:Tropicos
2833:22486245
2807:11270430
2794:584810-1
2645:Wikidata
2515:27586388
2458:18286376
2199:30812750
2150:41347037
2109:91077470
2064:28677256
1533:Archived
1293:30715125
1020:'Rubra')
984:'Hiniba'
908:Ethiopia
900:Ethiopia
849:Diseases
843:nematode
789:mealybug
772:mealybug
717:cultivar
591:Kambaata
496:Musaceae
423:De Wild.
417:De Wild.
399:De Wild.
387:K.Schum.
351:De Wild.
246:Synonyms
238:Cheesman
184:Musaceae
180:Family:
151:Monocots
85:IUCN 3.1
3076:2763071
2841:MoBotPF
2755:2763050
2729:1119982
2711:Ecocrop
2651:Q199075
2506:5009499
2365:. s.n.
2055:6638165
1350:4109206
1284:6526316
1233:(SANBI)
1042:Gallery
880:Musacea
727:History
647:sorghum
643:suckers
628:drought
605:Enset (
565:insipid
494:family
490:in the
484:species
482:, is a
405:A.Chev.
345:Pritz.
190:Genus:
170:Order:
112:Plantae
83: (
58:(1861)
3169:Ensete
3047:APDB:
2986:2746-2
2942:PLANTS
2908:679535
2895:463715
2866:NZOR:
2846:282798
2820:506498
2781:140998
2690:252281
2674:APDB:
2557:
2513:
2503:
2456:
2379:
2369:
2197:
2189:
2148:
2138:
2130:, UK:
2107:
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1970:
1841:
1755:
1745:
1636:7 June
1585:7 June
1466:
1391:
1348:
1291:
1281:
805:aphids
774:. The
742:ansett
655:coffee
619:Sidama
615:Gurage
561:bracts
523:native
492:banana
460:ensete
393:Chiov.
195:Ensete
3089:24745
3063:44NWF
2981:SANBI
2947:ENVE2
2877:NZPCN
2802:IRMNG
2768:15184
2742:ENSVE
2703:39WYL
2555:S2CID
2454:S2CID
2434:(PDF)
2291:(2).
2173:(3).
2105:S2CID
1968:S2CID
1873:(1).
1632:. RHS
1604:(PDF)
1346:JSTOR
760:Pests
695:SNNPR
670:Bulla
666:kocho
639:seeds
595:SNNPR
456:enset
441:Welw.
411:Oliv.
381:Stapf
369:Stapf
363:Baker
335:var.
234:Welw.
158:Clade
145:Clade
132:Clade
119:Clade
54:, by
18:Enset
3110:POWO
3097:IPNI
3084:GRIN
3071:GBIF
2973:6397
2955:POWO
2916:PfaF
2882:4384
2859:4639
2854:NCBI
2828:IUCN
2815:ITIS
2789:IPNI
2763:GRIN
2750:GBIF
2737:EPPO
2716:5700
2685:BOLD
2511:PMID
2377:OCLC
2367:ISBN
2195:PMID
2187:ISSN
2146:OCLC
2136:ISBN
2079:Musa
2060:PMID
2024:pv.
1839:OCLC
1771:link
1753:OCLC
1743:ISBN
1638:2020
1612:2018
1587:2020
1464:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1357:2022
1289:PMID
1239:2022
1203:2017
1150:2022
1133:2017
1024:Sir
1008:Musa
998:Musa
675:corm
617:and
478:and
3136:WFO
3058:CoL
3050:993
3007:WFO
2968:RHS
2724:EoL
2698:CoL
2677:969
2547:doi
2501:PMC
2491:doi
2446:doi
2410:doi
2297:doi
2256:doi
2179:doi
2097:doi
2093:124
2050:PMC
2042:doi
2001:doi
1989:".
1960:doi
1920:doi
1885:hdl
1875:doi
1710:469
1484:FAO
1338:doi
1279:PMC
1271:doi
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458:or
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