1039:
1055:
843:
1083:
1067:
89:
33:
64:
540:(not a tree)—up to 6 m (20 ft) tall. The tallest to be reported was 42 feet (13 meters). It has a stout pseudostem of tightly overlapping leaf bases, and large banana-like leaf blades of up to 5 m (16 ft) tall by 1 m (3 ft 3 in) wide, with a salmon-pink midrib. A mature plant weighs about 550 pounds (250 kilograms). The flowers, which only occur once from the centre of the plant at the end of that plant's life,(
2579:
682:
immature plants. Hence farmers were overexploiting their Enset reserves thereby causing gradual losses and disappearance of the false banana as an important household food security reserve. Even though not all the plant losses can be attributed to drought and land shortage and hence early consumption of immature crops, estimations go as far as more than 60% of the false banana crop stands have been lost in some areas in
575:
913:
enset plants, which is a tedious work (transformation of the plant into useful material, principally food and fibres) for which they generally come together. Men are banned from the field during this process. As women are responsible to provide sufficient food to their family, they are the ones who choose when and which plant to harvest and which quantity to sell.
653:) are cooked and eaten, being tasty and nutritious and very like the core of palms and cycads. In Ethiopia, more than 150,000 hectares (370,000 acres; 580 sq mi) are cultivated for the starchy staple food prepared from the pulverised trunk and inflorescence stalk. Fermenting these pulverised parts results in a food called
916:
Several studies state the importance of women's knowledge on the different crop varieties. Women are more likely to precisely recognize the different varieties of the plant than men. Nevertheless, women's work is often neglected or considered of lesser importance than men's by researchers and farmers
903:
The plant is very important for food security because it is quite resistant to droughts (the growth only stops for a short time) and it can be harvested at any development stage. Nevertheless, in recent years, the population growth has put pressure on enset cultivation systems. This is mainly because
859:
pathovar
Musacerum which creates bacterial wilt, also known as borijje and wol’a by the Kore people. The first observation of this disease was reported by Yirgou and Bradbury in 1968. The manifestation of the bacterial wilt is taking place in the apical leaves that will wilt then dry and finally lead
912:
Gender roles in enset cultivation are of high importance, as a strong division of work exists: generally men are responsible for the propagation, cultivation, and transplanting of enset, while women are in charge of manuring, hand-weeding, thinning and landrace selection. Additionally, women process
711:
A good quality fibre, suitable for ropes, twine, baskets, and general weaving, is obtained from the leaves. Dried leaf-sheaths are used as packing material, serving the same function as
Western foam plastic and polystyrene. The entire plant but the roots is used to feed livestock. Fresh leaves are a
661:
is made from the liquid squeezed out of the mixture and sometimes eaten as a porridge, while the remaining solids are suitable for consumption after a settling period of some days. Mixed kocho and bulla can be kneaded into dough, then flattened and baked over a fire. Kocho is in places regarded as a
863:
Other diseases have been observed such as Okka and Woqa which occur respectively in case of severe drought and in situations of too much water in the soil which causes the proliferation of bacteria. These problems can be solved by either watering the field when drought is present or by draining the
767:
feeds on the roots and corm of the enset plant which leads to slower growth and easier uprooting. Even though enset can be infested at all age stages, the highest risk is between the second or fourth growth year. The dispersion of the mealybug occurs through different vectors: First, the larvae can
614:
in the seventeenth century. Each plant takes four to five years to mature, at which time a single root will yield about 40 kg (88 lb) of food. Because of the long period of time from planting to harvest, plantings need to be staggered over time, to ensure that there is enset available for
2593:
929:
In
Ethiopia, over 300 enset varieties have been recorded which is important for agro- and biodiversity. The farmers’ main interest for maintaining biodiversity is the different beneficial characteristics of each variety. This means that Ethiopian farmers spread important characteristics over many
920:
Another important aspect in which gender plays a role is in the classification of enset varieties. Indeed, they differentiate "male" varieties from "female" varieties, according to the preferences of men and women who harvest them. Whereas men prefer late maturing genotypes resistant to diseases,
780:
over longer distances and reach enset plants. However, the main transport vectors are unclean working tools and the usage of already infected suckers. This means that the best way to get rid of the bug and to limit its propagation is to uproot the plant and burn it. In addition, the fields can be
933:
More than 11 ethnic groups with different cultures, traditions and agricultural systems inhabit the enset-growing regions. This contributes to the high number of varieties. Over centuries, the different ethnic groups have applied their specific indigenous knowledge of farming systems in order to
681:
Apart from an enset plant disease epidemic in 1984–85 which wiped out large parts of the plantations and created the green famine, in the past 10 years major factors were recurrent drought and food shortage together with acute land shortage that forced farmers more and more into consumption of
937:
Enset biodiversity is preserved not only due to the presence of different ethnic groups but also due to different households’ wealth status. Richer farmers can generally afford to maintain a higher level of farm biodiversity because they have more resources such as land, labour and livestock.
686:
during the last 10 years. This basically means that a great many people who used to close the food gap with false banana consumption are not able to do so any more, and lacking a viable alternative, have become food insecure and highly vulnerable to climatic and economic disruptions of their
590:
Enset is a very important local food source especially in
Ethiopia. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations reports that "enset provides more amount of foodstuff per unit area than most cereals. It is estimated that 40 to 60 enset plants occupying 250–375 square metres
634:. Up to 400 suckers can be produced from just one mother plant. In 1994 3,000 km (1,200 sq mi) of enset were grown in Ethiopia, with a harvest estimated to be almost 10 tonnes per hectare (4.0 long ton/acre; 4.5 short ton/acre). Enset is often intercropped with
736:
Bruce also discussed the plant's place in the mythology of Egypt and pointed out that some
Egyptian statue carvings depict the goddess Isis sitting among the leaves of what was thought to be a banana plant, a plant native to Southeast Asia and not known in Ancient Egypt.
724:
first sent a description and quite accurate drawings of a plant common in the marshes around Gondar in
Ethiopia, confidently pronounced it to be "no species of Musa" and wrote that its local name was "ensete". In 1853 the British Consul at Mussowah sent some seeds to
899:
together with pastoralism, shifting cultivation and the seed-farming complex. It is widely used by around 20 million people, which represent 20-25% of the population. They mainly live in the densely populated highlands of south and southwest
Ethiopia.
733:. Kew, quite understandably, did not make the connection, especially as they had never before seen such seeds. However, when the seeds had germinated and the plants had rapidly gained size, their relationship to the true banana became obvious.
891:
is reported to be 10,000 years old, though there is little empirical evidence to support this. It has major economic, social, cultural and environmental functions related to trade, medicine, cultural identity, rituals or settlement patterns.
518:, extending northwards from South Africa through Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania to Ethiopia, and west to the Congo, being found in high-rainfall forests on mountains, and along forested ravines and streams.
860:
to the drying of the whole plant. The only way to avoid the spreading of the disease is in uprooting, burning and burying plants as well as in applying strict control of the knives and tools used to harvest and treat the plants.
776:-ant symbiotic relationships can be linked to enset infestation and protect and even transport the mealybug over short distances. In return, they feed on the mealybug honeydew. Third, flooding events can transport the
1980:
938:
Therefore, they can cultivate more varieties with differing specific characteristics. However, also poorer households try to maintain as many clones as possible by selecting the disease-resistant first.
930:
enset varieties instead of combining a number of desired characteristics in one single genotype This is a significant difference between
Ethiopian subsistence farmers’ and plant breeders’ approaches.
2076:
921:
women prefer varieties that are good for cooking and can be harvested for consumption at an earlier stage. In general, households tend to have slightly more “female” genotypes than "male" ones.
934:
sustain production in various ways. A dying out of enset varieties would hence also make disappear a part of cultural practices and linguistic terms in
Ethiopia (Negash et al., 2004).
2385:"Enset-based agricultural systems in Ethiopia: A systematic review of production trends, agronomy, processing and the wider food security applications of a neglected banana relative"
1786:
2526:
1939:
1038:
879:
leaf streaks. The symptoms are basically dark/brown lesions surrounded by yellow on the leaves. This disease happens to be favoured by high rainfall and lower temperature.
2383:
Borrell, James S.; Goodwin, Mark; Blomme, Guy; Jacobsen, Kim; Wendawek, Abebe M.; Gashu, Dawd; Lulekal, Ermias; Asfaw, Zemede; Demissew, Sebsebe; Wilkin, Paul (2020).
1899:
2524:
Negash, Almaz; Niehof, Anke (2004). "The significance of enset culture and biodiversity for rural household food and livelihood security in southwestern
Ethiopia".
1937:
Negash, Almaz; Niehof, Anke (2004). "The significance of enset culture and biodiversity for rural household food and livelihood security in southwestern Ethiopia".
1019:
583:
2212:
904:
of a decrease of fertilization through manure and an increase in demand, especially during droughts. At such times, enset becomes the only resource available.
1244:
Wilkin, Paul; Demissew, Sebsebe; Willis, Kathy; Woldeyes, Feleke; Davis, Aaron P.; Molla, Ermias L.; Janssens, Steven; Kallow, Simon; Berhanu, Admas (2019).
830:
create lesions on the corm and roots, which can lead to cavities up to 2 cm (0.79 in) and characteristic purple colouring around the cavities. The
755:
696:
The plant is quick-growing and often cultivated as an ornamental plant. In frost-prone areas it requires winter protection under glass. It has gained the
2116:
853:
The enset plant can be subject to multiple diseases that threaten its use in agriculture. The most well known of them is the infection by the bacteria
1073:
487:. The domesticated form of the plant is cultivated only in Ethiopia, where it provides the staple food for approximately 20 million people. The name
2790:
2152:
MarĂn, Douglas H.; Romero, Ronald A.; Guzmán, Mauricio; Sutton, Turner B. (2003). "Black Sigatoka: An Increasing Threat to Banana Cultivation".
3182:
1759:
1214:
2969:
2842:
1219:
3152:
1663:
3172:
2583:
666:
is cooked like potatoes before eating. Dry kocho and bulla are energy-rich and produce from 14 to 20 kJ/g (3.3 to 4.8 kcal/g).
2419:
602:, a traditional staple in the densely populated south and southwestern parts of Ethiopia. Its importance to the diet and economy of the
3212:
2930:
2470:
1421:
3059:
2738:
2318:
Brandt, S. A., Spring, A., Hiebsch, C., McCabe, J. T., Tabogie, E., Diro, M., … Tesfaye, S. (1997). The “Tree Against Hunger,” 66.
712:
common fodder for cattle during the dry season, and many farmers feed their animals with residues of enset harvest or processing.
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3072:
2803:
2751:
1184:
1175:
3167:
2865:
2834:
1381:
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1521:
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834:
infestation leads to the easy uprooting of the affected plants. Crop rotation can counteract high nematode infestations.
2359:
2281:
2163:
2128:
1456:
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to ten feet ( three meters) in length bearing thirty or more "hands" of young bananas which are covered by large pink
2262:
Zandjanakou-Tachin, M.; Ojiambo, P. S.; Vroh-Bi, I.; Tenkouano, A.; Gumedzoe, Y. M.; Bandyopadhyay, R. (2 July 2012).
3207:
1735:
781:
kept free of plant growth for a month since the mealybug can only survive up to three weeks without plant material.
3202:
1066:
3085:
2847:
2777:
2870:
662:
delicacy, suitable for serving at feasts and ceremonies such as weddings, when wheat flour is added. The fresh
3103:
2948:
2017:: a major constraint to banana, plantain and enset production in central and east Africa over the past decade"
2200:
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MoRA). (2009). Crop variety register issueNo. 12. pp. 157–159.
2066:
Gurmu, Tadesse; Adugna, Girma; Berecha, Gezahegn (28 December 2016). "Black Sigatoka leaf streaks of banana (
1180:
1054:
2654:
1854:
1614:
1484:
2956:
2678:
2673:
2561:
1974:
Yirgou, D.; Bradbury, J. F. (19 March 1974). "A Note on Wilt of Banana Caused by the Enset Wilt Organism
697:
515:
3197:
3162:
3098:
3077:
2943:
2756:
2462:"Exploiting indigenous knowledge of subsistence farmers' for the management and conservation of Enset (
1166:
673:
has fallen for a number of reasons, as detailed in the April 2003 issue of the UN-OCHA Ethiopia unit's
1130:
1082:
2857:
2829:
2272:
2210:
Swennen, R.; Vuylsteke, D. (1993). "Breeding Black Sigatoka resistant plantains with a wild banana".
2021:
226:
1399:
Checklists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire - #5 - Tanganyika Territory - Part 2
3187:
1589:
88:
1640:
3192:
2935:
2704:
2154:
507:
2909:
1563:
745:
A major issue with the cultivation of enset is its vulnerability to several pests and diseases.
2795:
2616:
2418:
Ragasa, Catherine; Berhane, Guush; Tadesse, Fanaye; Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum (October 2013).
2389:
855:
2821:
917:
and women are less likely to get access to extension services and quality services than men.
701:
560:
205:
2896:
2712:
1698:
1014:
826:
814:
1824:
Adaptation and Change in Enset Ecology and Farming Among the Kore of Southwestern Ethiopia
1411:
gardener's chronicle Volume 27 (third series) February 3, 1900 Page 69. Quoting Kew Bull
669:
It is a major crop, although often supplemented with cereal crops. However its value as a
8:
2904:
2539:
1952:
1694:
Encyclopædia Britannica: Or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature
1433:
867:
Another disease can strike enset even though it has been more observed on Banana plants (
222:
53:
1295:
1107:
3124:
2995:
2922:
2543:
2494:
2461:
2442:
2248:
2093:
2043:
2008:
1956:
1753:
1491:(Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University, 1968), p. 194. Pankhurst uses the taxononym
1334:
1272:
1245:
872:
820:
234:
83:
2974:
591:(2,700–4,000 sq ft) can provide enough food for a family of 5 to 6 people."
3046:
2891:
2686:
2547:
2499:
2460:
Yemataw, Zerihun; Tesfaye, Kassahun; Zeberga, Awole; Blomme, Guy (1 September 2016).
2365:
2355:
2290:
2263:
2183:
2175:
2134:
2124:
2048:
1960:
1827:
1777:
1741:
1731:
1546:
1452:
1377:
1277:
44:
2446:
2097:
1152:
3129:
3051:
3000:
2691:
2535:
2489:
2479:
2434:
2398:
2285:
2244:
2167:
2085:
2038:
2030:
1993:
1989:
1948:
1908:
1873:
1863:
1326:
1267:
1259:
1250:
1125:
2420:"Gender Differences in Access to Extension Services and Agricultural Productivity"
1692:
611:
3157:
3027:
2878:
2438:
2120:
1525:
842:
650:
579:
537:
476:
126:
2961:
1518:
3038:
2917:
2665:
2171:
876:
846:
113:
2484:
2089:
1912:
1831:
3146:
2816:
2639:
2369:
2179:
1868:
1849:
1745:
1358:
1116:
924:
139:
73:
68:
2138:
1508:, translated by Donald M. Lockhart (London: Hakluyt Society, 1984), pp. 245f
3116:
2987:
2503:
2187:
2052:
1281:
1205:
654:
639:
511:
492:
162:
2883:
2601:
812:, there are two predominant species: there are the root lesion nematodes (
2764:
2648:
2261:
2007:
Nakato, Valentine; Mahuku, George; Coutinho, Teresa (20 September 2017).
1263:
789:
726:
721:
670:
631:
620:
152:
1667:
3064:
2743:
2403:
2384:
2348:
On indigenous production, genetic diversity and crop ecology of enset (
1893:
Peregrine, W. T. H.; Bridge, John (January 1992). "The lesion nematode
1519:"Five thousand years of sustainability? A case study on Gedeo land use"
1338:
1314:
1246:"Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple"
805:
541:
531:
32:
2769:
2034:
1878:
649:
The young and tender tissues in the centre or heart of the plant (the
582:
woman extracting the edible part of an enset with a traditional tool (
2725:
1776:
Addis, Temesgen; Azerefegne, Ferdu; Blomme, Guy; Kanaujia, K (2008).
1027:
and noted that both are found in the mountains of equatorial Africa.
801:
599:
552:. The roots are an important foodstuff, but the fruits are inedible (
534:
2610:
1330:
3111:
3021:
2982:
2633:
2578:
1658:
Heuzé V., Thiollet H., Tran G., Hassoun P., Lebas F., 2016. Enset (
896:
888:
868:
831:
824:
sp.) and their appearance stand in connection with bacterial wilt.
809:
797:
785:
777:
773:
769:
760:
705:
484:
172:
3090:
2782:
2730:
2699:
895:
The Enset-planting complex is one of the four farming systems of
882:
635:
616:
472:
2717:
2231:
Tushemereirwe, W. K.; Waller, J. M. (1993). "Black leaf streak (
1547:"Enset as staple food not valuable anymore to bridge food gap",
643:
607:
603:
545:
480:
182:
1296:"A 'banana falsa' que pode ser solução para alimentar milhões"
1775:
793:
683:
574:
549:
100:
2417:
2382:
1401:. Oxford, England: Imperial Forestry Institute. p. 364.
1243:
2459:
2111:
Jones, David Robert (1999). "Black leaf streak: Symptoms".
1850:"Density and distribution on enset root mealybugs on enset"
753:
The most common pest that threatens enset is caused by the
663:
627:
1376:. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136.
925:
Enset biodiversity and socio-cultural and -economic groups
907:
1472:
16:
Species of flowering plant in the banana family Musaceae
2151:
1782:
and its Geographical Distribution in Southern Ethiopia"
2466:(Welw.) Cheesman) (Musaceae family) diversity on-farm"
1847:
1153:"The Plant List: A Working List of all Plant Species"
630:, while most domesticated plants are propagated from
2591:
2006:
1595:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 35
2562:"Ensete ventricosum 'Hiniba' | /RHS Gardening"
2427:
The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
2230:
566:means “with a swelling on the side, like a belly”.
556:, flavorless) and have hard, black, rounded seeds.
2592:Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. (2014).
2065:
1848:Addis, T; Azerefegne, F; Blomme, G (11 May 2010).
2606:. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.
2268:species infecting banana and plantain in Nigeria"
1728:Plant protection in tropical root and tuber crops
1691:Macfarquhar, Colin; Gleig, George (4 June 1797).
1131:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22486245A22486942.en
772:tend to move only after being disturbed. Second,
3144:
2209:
1690:
1892:
1537:Kippie Kanshie, T. "Five thousand years", p. 19
1981:East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal
1973:
1396:
883:Socio-cultural importance of enset in Ethiopia
1654:
1652:
1650:
1220:South African National Biodiversity Institute
941:
804:and wild pigs. The latter erode the corm and
615:harvest in every season. Enset will tolerate
2523:
1936:
1306:
1105:
1666:, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO.
720:In 1769, the celebrated Scottish traveller
1758:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1647:
1553:, UN-OCHA-Ethiopia (accessed 3 March 2009)
62:
31:
2493:
2483:
2471:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
2402:
2289:
2042:
1877:
1867:
1821:
1271:
1129:
2077:Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection
1822:Assoma, Awoke Amzaye; Hewlett, Barry S.
1446:
1312:
841:
729:, mentioning that their native name was
573:
495:1947, p. 101. Its synonyms include
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
1897:important pest of Ensete in Ethiopia".
1397:Brenan, J.P.N.; Greenway, P.J. (1949).
1368:
1366:
1185:United States Department of Agriculture
1176:Germplasm Resources Information Network
908:The role of gender in enset cultivation
3145:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1843:
1841:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1794:(1): 251–260 – via Researchgate.
1771:
1769:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1697:. A. Bell and C. Macfarquhar. p.
530:is a large non-woody plant—a gigantic
3183:Flora of West-Central Tropical Africa
2615:
2614:
2110:
1668:https://www.feedipedia.org/node/21251
1440:
1374:RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants
740:
708:'Maurelii' (Ethiopian black banana)
2858:0163aa8e-c631-4991-bff3-d1405b285d05
2510:
2322:
2113:Diseases of banana, abacá, and enset
1778:"Biology of the Enset Root Mealybug
1641:"Plant Resources of Tropical Africa"
1451:. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley.
1363:
1239:
1237:
1198:
638:, although the practice amongst the
626:Wild enset plants are produced from
569:
3153:IUCN Red List least concern species
2298:
1919:
1838:
1798:
1766:
1708:
1528:(PhD dissertation: May 2002), p. 38
1159:
1117:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1099:
1046:Jardin botanique exotique de Menton
13:
3173:Flora of Northeast Tropical Africa
2540:10.1023/b:ahum.0000014023.30611.ad
2282:American Phytopathological Society
2249:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01525.x
2164:American Phytopathological Society
1953:10.1023/b:ahum.0000014023.30611.ad
1726:P., Parvatha Reddy (5 June 2015).
1725:
14:
3224:
3213:Taxa named by Friedrich Welwitsch
2571:
1234:
3104:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:797626-1
2949:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:584810-1
2577:
2291:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02650.x
1081:
1065:
1053:
1037:
768:crawl short distances as adults
87:
2554:
2453:
2411:
2376:
2255:
2224:
2203:
2194:
2145:
2104:
2059:
2000:
1967:
1886:
1684:
1672:
1633:
1607:
1582:
1556:
1540:
1531:
1511:
1506:The Itinerário of Jerónimo Lobo
1498:
1478:
1465:
1414:
1405:
1390:
1315:"Classification of the bananas"
818:) and the root-knot nematodes (
598:) is Ethiopia's most important
312:(K.Schum. & Warb.) Cheesman
3178:Flora of South Tropical Africa
2603:African plants – a Photo Guide
1994:10.1080/00128325.1974.11662720
1787:Journal of Applied Biosciences
1701:– via Internet Archive.
1352:
1288:
1145:
864:soil to avoid too much water.
610:peoples was first recorded by
521:
252:(Rendle & Greves) Cheesman
1:
3168:Flora of East Tropical Africa
1570:. Royal Horticultural Society
1181:Agricultural Research Service
1093:
871:). This disease is caused by
691:
318:(Warb. & Moritz) Cheesman
2527:Agriculture and Human Values
2439:10.1080/1389224x.2013.817343
1940:Agriculture and Human Values
1855:African Crop Science Journal
1489:Economic History of Ethiopia
1023:was indistinguishable from
7:
1679:Curtis's Botanical Magazine
1471:Country Information Brief,
1447:Harrison, Lorraine (2012).
837:
698:Royal Horticultural Society
514:to the eastern edge of the
491:was first published in the
10:
3229:
2172:10.1094/pdis.2003.87.3.208
1030:
942:Known variants and hybrids
715:
510:. In its wild form, it is
3011:
2623:
2485:10.1186/s13002-016-0109-8
2264:"Pathogenic variation of
2090:10.1007/s41348-016-0070-8
2022:Molecular Plant Pathology
1913:10.1080/09670879209371719
1662:) corms and pseudostems.
1590:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
1524:28 September 2011 at the
1048:, Alpes-Maritimes, France
875:. and is commonly called
544:) are in massive pendant
240:
233:
211:
204:
84:Scientific classification
82:
60:
51:
39:
30:
23:
3208:Plants described in 1859
2346:Tsegaye, Admasu (2002).
2233:Mycosphaerella fijiensis
2072:Mycosphaerella fijiensis
1900:Tropical Pest Management
1869:10.4314/acsj.v16i1.54344
1313:Cheesman, E. E. (1947).
1124:: e.T22486245A22486942.
748:
642:is to intercrop it with
3203:Garden plants of Africa
1449:RHS Latin for Gardeners
2390:Plants, People, Planet
2011:Xanthomonas campestris
1976:Xanthomonas musacearum
1895:Pratylenchus goodeyian
1020:Ensete livingstonianum
856:Xanthomonas campestris
850:
689:
587:
1106:Williams, E. (2017).
985:'Tandarra Red' (syn.
887:Enset cultivation in
845:
702:Award of Garden Merit
679:
577:
516:Great African Plateau
310:Ensete schweinfurthii
2213:Tropical Agriculture
1780:Cataenococcus ensete
827:Pratylenchus goodeyi
815:Pratylenchus goodeyi
784:Other pests include
687:agricultural system.
443:, commonly known as
418:K.Schum. & Warb.
304:Ensete rubronervatum
1517:Kippie Kanshie, T.
1017:felt that in habit
995:'Red Stripe' (syn.
765:Cataenococcus enset
756:Cataenococcus enset
416:Musa schweinfurthii
346:Rendle & Greves
332:Mnasium theophrasti
306:(De Wild.) Cheesman
300:(De Wild.) Cheesman
292:Ensete proboscideum
288:(De Wild.) Cheesman
282:(K.Schum.) Cheesman
246:(De Wild.) Cheesman
197:E. ventricosum
54:Conservation status
2910:Ensete ventricosum
2655:Ensete ventricosum
2625:Ensete ventricosum
2596:Ensete ventricosum
2584:Ensete ventricosum
2464:Ensete ventricosum
2404:10.1002/ppp3.10084
2350:Ensete ventricosum
2123:. pp. 44–48.
1660:Ensete ventricosum
1617:Ensete ventricosum
1566:Ensete ventricosum
1424:Ensete ventricosum
1264:10.1093/aob/mcy214
1208:Ensete ventricosum
1169:Ensete ventricosum
1110:Ensete ventricosum
1003:Ensete ventricosum
993:Ensete ventricosum
983:Ensete ventricosum
977:Ensete ventricosum
971:Ensete ventricosum
961:Ensete ventricosum
959:Red false banana (
954:Ensete ventricosum
948:Ensete ventricosum
851:
741:Pests and diseases
588:
528:Ensete ventricosum
489:Ensete ventricosum
440:Ensete ventricosum
424:Warb. & Moritz
322:Ensete ventricosum
244:Ensete arnoldianum
215:Ensete ventricosum
41:Ensete ventricosum
25:Ensete ventricosum
3198:Ethiopian cuisine
3163:Afromontane flora
3140:
3139:
2892:Open Tree of Life
2617:Taxon identifiers
2352:(Welw.) Cheesman)
2117:Wallingford, Oxon
2035:10.1111/mpp.12578
1703:Maitsha Ethiopia.
1549:Focus on Ethiopia
1485:Richard Pankhurst
1383:978-1-4053-3296-5
963:'Maurelii', syn.
873:Mycospharella spp
675:Focus on Ethiopia
619:better than most
570:Use as a foodcrop
457:Abyssinian banana
436:
435:
410:Musa rubronervata
316:Ensete ulugurense
256:Ensete buchananii
77:
45:Walter Hood Fitch
3220:
3133:
3132:
3120:
3119:
3107:
3106:
3094:
3093:
3081:
3080:
3068:
3067:
3055:
3054:
3042:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3004:
3003:
2991:
2990:
2978:
2977:
2965:
2964:
2952:
2951:
2939:
2938:
2926:
2925:
2913:
2912:
2900:
2899:
2887:
2886:
2874:
2873:
2861:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2838:
2837:
2825:
2824:
2812:
2811:
2799:
2798:
2786:
2785:
2773:
2772:
2760:
2759:
2747:
2746:
2734:
2733:
2721:
2720:
2708:
2707:
2695:
2694:
2682:
2681:
2669:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2582:Data related to
2581:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2521:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2487:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2424:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2343:
2320:
2315:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2284:(APS): 298–308.
2259:
2253:
2252:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2166:(APS): 208–222.
2149:
2143:
2142:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2070:spp.) caused by
2063:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1934:
1917:
1916:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1871:
1845:
1836:
1835:
1819:
1796:
1795:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1749:
1723:
1706:
1705:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1656:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1594:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1560:
1554:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1515:
1509:
1502:
1496:
1482:
1476:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1436:on 30 June 2018.
1432:. Archived from
1418:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1370:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1251:Annals of Botany
1241:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1103:
1085:
1069:
1057:
1041:
759:which is a root
561:specific epithet
453:Ethiopian banana
422:Musa ulugurensis
398:Musa proboscidea
392:Musa martretiana
298:Ensete ruandense
294:(Oliv.) Cheesman
286:Ensete laurentii
276:(Stapf) Cheesman
264:(Stapf) Cheesman
258:(Baker) Cheesman
250:Ensete bagshawei
217:
92:
91:
71:
66:
65:
35:
21:
20:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3188:Trees of Africa
3143:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3128:
3123:
3115:
3110:
3102:
3097:
3089:
3084:
3076:
3071:
3063:
3058:
3050:
3045:
3037:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3013:Musa ventricosa
3007:
2999:
2994:
2986:
2981:
2973:
2968:
2960:
2955:
2947:
2942:
2934:
2929:
2921:
2916:
2908:
2903:
2895:
2890:
2882:
2879:Observation.org
2877:
2869:
2864:
2856:
2854:
2846:
2841:
2833:
2828:
2820:
2815:
2807:
2802:
2794:
2789:
2781:
2776:
2768:
2763:
2755:
2750:
2742:
2737:
2729:
2724:
2716:
2711:
2703:
2698:
2690:
2685:
2677:
2672:
2664:
2662:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2619:
2574:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2522:
2511:
2458:
2454:
2422:
2416:
2412:
2381:
2377:
2362:
2344:
2323:
2316:
2299:
2273:Plant Pathology
2260:
2256:
2237:Plant Pathology
2229:
2225:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2150:
2146:
2131:
2121:CABI Publishing
2109:
2105:
2064:
2060:
2005:
2001:
1972:
1968:
1935:
1920:
1891:
1887:
1846:
1839:
1820:
1799:
1774:
1767:
1751:
1750:
1738:
1724:
1709:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1526:Wayback Machine
1516:
1512:
1504:JerĂłnimo Lobo,
1503:
1499:
1483:
1479:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1445:
1441:
1430:ecocrop.fao.org
1420:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1331:10.2307/4109206
1311:
1307:
1300:BBC News Brasil
1294:
1293:
1289:
1242:
1235:
1225:
1223:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1077:
1074:Mount Tsetserra
1070:
1061:
1058:
1049:
1042:
1033:
989:'Tandarra Red')
979:'Montbeliardii'
950:'Atropurpureum'
944:
927:
910:
885:
840:
751:
743:
718:
694:
572:
524:
501:Musa ventricosa
497:Musa arnoldiana
477:flowering plant
428:Musa ventricosa
404:Musa ruandensis
350:Musa buchananii
338:Musa arnoldiana
274:Ensete fecundum
270:Bruce ex Horan.
229:
219:
213:
200:
86:
78:
67:
63:
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3193:Tropical fruit
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3130:wfo-0000475213
3121:
3108:
3095:
3082:
3069:
3056:
3043:
3033:
3017:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3001:wfo-0000407924
2992:
2979:
2966:
2953:
2940:
2927:
2914:
2901:
2888:
2875:
2862:
2852:
2839:
2826:
2813:
2800:
2787:
2774:
2761:
2748:
2735:
2722:
2709:
2696:
2683:
2670:
2660:
2645:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2609:
2608:
2589:
2587:
2586:at Wikispecies
2573:
2572:External links
2570:
2568:
2567:
2553:
2509:
2452:
2433:(5): 437–468.
2410:
2397:(3): 212–228.
2375:
2361:978-9058086280
2360:
2321:
2297:
2266:Mycosphaerella
2254:
2243:(3): 471–472.
2235:) in Uganda".
2223:
2202:
2193:
2144:
2130:978-0851993553
2129:
2103:
2084:(3): 245–253.
2074:in Ethiopia".
2058:
2029:(3): 525–536.
1999:
1988:(1): 111–114.
1966:
1918:
1907:(3): 325–326.
1885:
1837:
1797:
1765:
1736:
1707:
1683:
1681:vol. 87 (1861)
1671:
1646:
1632:
1606:
1581:
1555:
1539:
1530:
1510:
1497:
1477:
1464:
1458:978-1845337315
1457:
1439:
1413:
1404:
1389:
1382:
1362:
1351:
1305:
1287:
1258:(5): 747–766.
1233:
1197:
1158:
1144:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1025:E. ventricosum
1011:
1010:
1005:'Rubra' (syn.
1000:
990:
980:
974:
968:
957:
956:'Green Stripe'
951:
943:
940:
926:
923:
909:
906:
884:
881:
877:black Sigatoka
847:Black Sigatoka
839:
836:
750:
747:
742:
739:
717:
714:
693:
690:
596:E. ventricosum
571:
568:
526:Like bananas,
523:
520:
434:
433:
432:
431:
425:
419:
413:
407:
401:
395:
389:
386:Musa laurentii
383:
377:
371:
365:
359:
353:
347:
344:Musa bagshawei
341:
335:
329:
319:
313:
307:
301:
295:
289:
283:
280:Ensete holstii
277:
271:
265:
259:
253:
247:
238:
237:
231:
230:
220:
209:
208:
202:
201:
194:
192:
188:
187:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
143:
142:
137:
130:
129:
124:
117:
116:
111:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
80:
79:
61:
58:
57:
52:
49:
48:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3225:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3131:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2563:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2155:Plant Disease
2148:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2003:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1889:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1844:
1842:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1761:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1737:9788132223894
1733:
1730:. New Delhi.
1729:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1687:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1620:
1618:
1610:
1591:
1585:
1569:
1567:
1559:
1552:
1550:
1543:
1534:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1507:
1501:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1417:
1408:
1400:
1393:
1385:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:(2): 97–106.
1324:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1240:
1238:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1162:
1154:
1148:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1102:
1098:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1068:
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1060:Flower detail
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999:'Red Stripe')
998:
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988:
984:
981:
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975:
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965:Musa maurelii
962:
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808:. As for the
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704:, as has the
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651:growing point
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69:Least Concern
59:
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34:
29:
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19:
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2624:
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2595:
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2534:(1): 61–71.
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1947:(1): 61–71.
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1823:
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1623:. Retrieved
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1597:. Retrieved
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1572:. Retrieved
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1558:
1551:, April 2003
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1434:the original
1429:
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1359:Knowledge DE
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1322:
1319:Kew Bulletin
1318:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1255:
1249:
1224:. Retrieved
1215:PlantZAfrica
1213:
1207:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1174:
1168:
1161:
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1121:
1115:
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1076:, Mozambique
1044:Specimen in
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790:spider mites
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640:Gedeo people
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621:cereal crops
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527:
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508:J. F. Gmelin
504:
500:
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493:Kew Bulletin
488:
468:
465:false banana
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374:Musa holstii
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368:Musa fecunda
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268:Ensete edule
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196:
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183:
163:Zingiberales
146:
133:
120:
107:
40:
24:
18:
2765:iNaturalist
2649:Wikispecies
2220:(1): 74–77.
1619:'Maurelii'"
1493:Musa ensete
1190:20 December
1088:Stem detail
1007:Musa ensete
849:leaf streak
821:Meloidogyne
727:Kew Gardens
722:James Bruce
671:famine food
586:, Ethiopia)
564:ventricosum
522:Description
505:Musa ensete
469:wild banana
380:Musa kaguna
362:Musa ensete
356:Musa davyae
153:Commelinids
127:Angiosperms
3147:Categories
2923:kew-243317
2918:Plant List
2015:musacearum
1879:1807/47442
1832:1056710194
1664:Feedipedia
1599:6 February
1475:June 1995.
1344:22 January
1226:4 December
1137:21 January
1094:References
806:pseudostem
802:porcupines
692:Other uses
559:The Latin
542:monocarpic
532:monocarpic
503:Welw. and
499:De Wild.,
3028:Q39272062
2548:153467789
2478:(1): 34.
2370:906993853
2180:0191-2917
1961:153467789
1754:cite book
1746:910878064
1072:Plant on
1015:John Kirk
810:nematodes
798:mole rats
786:nematodes
774:mealybugs
770:mealybugs
600:root crop
546:thyrsesup
538:perennial
535:evergreen
364:J.F.Gmel.
191:Species:
97:Kingdom:
3117:21500451
3112:Tropicos
3091:797626-1
3022:Wikidata
2988:21500375
2983:Tropicos
2822:22486245
2796:11270430
2783:584810-1
2634:Wikidata
2504:27586388
2447:18286376
2188:30812750
2139:41347037
2098:91077470
2053:28677256
1522:Archived
1282:30715125
1009:'Rubra')
973:'Hiniba'
897:Ethiopia
889:Ethiopia
838:Diseases
832:nematode
778:mealybug
761:mealybug
706:cultivar
580:Kambaata
485:Musaceae
412:De Wild.
406:De Wild.
388:De Wild.
376:K.Schum.
340:De Wild.
235:Synonyms
227:Cheesman
173:Musaceae
169:Family:
140:Monocots
74:IUCN 3.1
3065:2763071
2830:MoBotPF
2744:2763050
2718:1119982
2700:Ecocrop
2640:Q199075
2495:5009499
2354:. s.n.
2044:6638165
1339:4109206
1273:6526316
1222:(SANBI)
1031:Gallery
869:Musacea
716:History
636:sorghum
632:suckers
617:drought
594:Enset (
554:insipid
483:family
479:in the
473:species
471:, is a
394:A.Chev.
334:Pritz.
179:Genus:
159:Order:
101:Plantae
72: (
47:(1861)
3158:Ensete
3036:APDB:
2975:2746-2
2931:PLANTS
2897:679535
2884:463715
2855:NZOR:
2835:282798
2809:506498
2770:140998
2679:252281
2663:APDB:
2546:
2502:
2492:
2445:
2368:
2358:
2186:
2178:
2137:
2127:
2119:, UK:
2096:
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1959:
1830:
1744:
1734:
1625:7 June
1574:7 June
1455:
1380:
1337:
1280:
1270:
794:aphids
763:. The
731:ansett
644:coffee
608:Sidama
604:Gurage
550:bracts
512:native
481:banana
449:ensete
382:Chiov.
184:Ensete
3078:24745
3052:44NWF
2970:SANBI
2936:ENVE2
2866:NZPCN
2791:IRMNG
2757:15184
2731:ENSVE
2692:39WYL
2544:S2CID
2443:S2CID
2423:(PDF)
2280:(2).
2162:(3).
2094:S2CID
1957:S2CID
1862:(1).
1621:. RHS
1593:(PDF)
1335:JSTOR
749:Pests
684:SNNPR
659:Bulla
655:kocho
628:seeds
584:SNNPR
445:enset
430:Welw.
400:Oliv.
370:Stapf
358:Stapf
352:Baker
324:var.
223:Welw.
147:Clade
134:Clade
121:Clade
108:Clade
43:, by
3099:POWO
3086:IPNI
3073:GRIN
3060:GBIF
2962:6397
2944:POWO
2905:PfaF
2871:4384
2848:4639
2843:NCBI
2817:IUCN
2804:ITIS
2778:IPNI
2752:GRIN
2739:GBIF
2726:EPPO
2705:5700
2674:BOLD
2500:PMID
2366:OCLC
2356:ISBN
2184:PMID
2176:ISSN
2135:OCLC
2125:ISBN
2068:Musa
2049:PMID
2013:pv.
1828:OCLC
1760:link
1742:OCLC
1732:ISBN
1627:2020
1601:2018
1576:2020
1453:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1346:2022
1278:PMID
1228:2022
1192:2017
1139:2022
1122:2017
1013:Sir
997:Musa
987:Musa
664:corm
606:and
467:and
3125:WFO
3047:CoL
3039:993
2996:WFO
2957:RHS
2713:EoL
2687:CoL
2666:969
2536:doi
2490:PMC
2480:doi
2435:doi
2399:doi
2286:doi
2245:doi
2168:doi
2086:doi
2082:124
2039:PMC
2031:doi
1990:doi
1978:".
1949:doi
1909:doi
1874:hdl
1864:doi
1699:469
1473:FAO
1327:doi
1268:PMC
1260:doi
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1126:doi
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