Erasmus - Knowledge

6563: 7468: 7414: 8624:"He was a reformer in the best sense, as so many far-seeing and spiritual-minded churchmen of those days were. He desired to better and beautify and perfect the system he found in vogue, and he had the courage of his convictions to point out what he thought stood in need of change and improvement, but he was no iconoclast; he had no desire to pull down or root up or destroy under the plea of improvement. That he remained to the last the friend of Popes and bishops and other orthodox churchmen, is the best evidence, over and above his own words, that his real sentiments were not misunderstood by men who had the interests of the Church at heart, and who looked upon him as true and loyal, if perhaps a somewhat eccentric and caustic son of Holy Church. Even in his last sickness he received from the Pope proof of his esteem, for he was given a benefice of considerable value." 3827: 7276: 4101:, frequently draw connections between many of Erasmus' convictions and his early biography: esteem for the married state and appropriate marriages, support for priestly marriage, concern for improving marriage prospects for females, opposition to inconsiderate rules notably institutional dietary rules, a desire to make education engaging for the participants, interest in classical languages, horror of poverty and spiritual hopelessness, distaste for friars begging when they could study or work, unwillingness to be under the direct control of authorities, laicism, the need for those in authority to act in the best interest of their charges, a prizing of mercy and peace, an anger over unnecessary war especially between avaricious princes, an awareness of mortality, etc. 7396: 7357: 1013: 6125: 4762: 3437: 6430: 5913: 4594:(1530), as the "reckless and extravagant" Pope Leo X had in previous decades promoted going on the offensive with a new crusade. Erasmus re-worked Luther's rhetoric that the invading Turks represent God's judgment of decadent Christendom, but without Luther's fatalism: Erasmus not only accused Western leaders of kingdom-threatening hypocrisy, he proposed a remedy: anti-expansionist moral reforms by Europe's disunited leaders as a necessary unitive political step before any aggressive warfare against the Ottoman threat, reforms which might themselves, if sincere, prevent both the internecine and foreign warfare. 3133: 8441:, the leading Thomist of his age, who had become a friendly correspondent of Erasmus and had moved to bibliocentrism, progressively producing his own commentaries on the New Testament and most of the Old. Erasmus was initially sceptical of Cajetan, blaming him for taking a too-hard line against Luther, however he was won over in 1521 after reading Cajetan's works on the Eucharist, Confession and invocation of the saints. In 1530, Cajetan proposed that concessions be made to Germany to allow communion under both kinds and married clergy, in full sympathy with Erasmus' spirit of mediation. 3341: 4002: 7841:

as "an order midway between monks and (secular priests) amphibians, like the beaver and the crocodile". Also "for the so-called Canons formerly were not monks, and now they are an intermediate class: monks where it is an advantage to be so; not monks where it is not". The kind of world-involved, devout, scholarly, loyal, humanistic, non-monkish, non-mendicant, non-ceremonial, voluntaristic religious order without notions of spiritual perfection that may have suited Erasmus better arose soon after his death, perhaps in response to the ethos Erasmus shared: notably the

2862: 3056: 7497:, the Archbishop of Canterbury. (Writing in a letter to Warham regarding the gift portrait, Erasmus quipped that "he might have something of Erasmus should God call him from this place.") Erasmus spoke favourably of Holbein as an artist and person but was later critical, accusing him of sponging off various patrons whom Erasmus had recommended, for purposes more of monetary gain than artistic endeavor. There were scores of copies of these portraits made in Erasmus' time. Holbein's 1532 profile woodcut was particularly lauded by those who knew Erasmus. 4446: 7452: 9249:"I have never broken off a friendship with anyone because he was either more inclined towards Luther or more against Luther than I was. My disposition is naturally such that I could love even a Jew, provided he were in other respects an agreeable person to live with and friendly, and provided he did not vomit blasphemies against Christ in my hearing. And this courteous approach can, I believe, do more towards ending strifethe ties of friendship I do not readily abandon to please anyone." Letter to John Botzheim, quoted in 1142:), with a fellow canon, Servatius Rogerus, and wrote a series of love letters in which he called Rogerus "half my soul", writing that "it was not for the sake of reward or out of a desire for any favour that I have wooed you both unhappily and relentlessly. What is it then? Why, that you love him who loves you." This correspondence contrasts with the generally detached and much more restrained attitude he usually showed in his later life, though he had a capacity to form and maintain deep male friendships, such as with 927: 6861:

Christology of Erasmus is the affirmation of the full incarnation of Christ in human existence, abstaining as much as possible from docetic insulation of the divine from the struggles of human experience, in order to highlight the redemptive capacity of Christ for the transformation of human life. With that, the ethical capstone of Erasmus’ reflections on Christ centers on the responsibility to imitate Christ’s love for others, and thus for advancing the cause of peace in personal and social life.

3560: 4729: 25122: 9100:"I do not deny that I wrote some harsh things in order to deter the Christians from the madness of war, because I saw that these wars,which we witnessed for too many years, are the source of the biggest part of evils which damage Christendom. Therefore, it was necessary to come forward not only against these deeds, which are clearly criminal, but also against other actions, which are almost impossible to do without committing many crimes." Apology against Albert Pío 25128: 4754: 23627: 21378: 21107: 1950: 8727:'. After the payment of all outstanding claims, the sum in the hands of Bonifacius and the two Basel executors amounted to 5,000 florins. This sum was invested in a loan to the duchy of Württemberg that yielded an annual income of 250 florins. The greater part of this sum became a fund to provide scholarships for students at the University of Basel (in theology, law, and medicine); the rest went into a fund devoted to the assistance of the poor." In 7160: 23617: 10139:"I find that in comparison with the Fathers of the Church our present-day theologians are a pathetic group. Most of them lack the elegance, the charm of language, and the style of the Fathers. Content with Aristotle, they treat the mysteries of revelation in the tangled fashion of the logician. Excluding the Platonists from their commentaries, they strangle the beauty of revelation." 2315: 2253: 2205: 1929: 21301: 1078: 4770: 25134: 2063: 1656: 27204: 25791: 21131: 21119: 5762: 2329: 2322: 2260: 2246: 2232: 2034: 1855: 1805: 1796: 1759: 2412: 2277: 2163: 2107: 2099: 2056: 1739: 1703: 1603: 57: 21041: 2390: 2239: 2177: 2170: 2139: 2131: 2122: 2077: 2020: 1964: 1864: 1834: 1710: 1623: 8197:"We ﬁnd in the New Testament that fasting was observed by Christians and praised by the apostles, but I do not remember reading that it was prescribed with certain rites. These things are not mentioned so that any ceremonies that the church has instituted concerning clothing, fasting or similar matters should be despised, but to show that Christ and his apostles were more concerned with things pertaining to salvation." 3816: 3658: 2383: 2353: 2308: 2301: 2269: 2212: 2115: 2070: 2027: 1957: 1943: 1936: 1908: 1872: 1848: 1841: 1813: 1789: 1766: 1732: 1663: 1649: 1001:. For the first time in Europe north of the Alps, Greek was taught at a lower level than a university and this is where he began learning it. His education there ended when plague struck the city about 1483, and his mother, who had moved to provide a home for her sons, died from the infection; then his father. Following the death of his parents, as well as 20 fellow students at his school, he moved back to his 2849:, Duke of Burgundy and later King of Castille: the first half being the conventional extravagant praise, but the second half being a strong treatment of the miseries of war, the need for neutrality and concilliation (with the neighbours France and England), and the excellence of peaceful rulers: that real courage in a leader was not to wage war but to put a bridle on greed, etc. This was later published as 2360: 2198: 2013: 1992: 1985: 1901: 1894: 1683: 1630: 4618: 25803: 5774: 3622:

production team, he had his own householdwith a formidable housekeeper, stable of horses, and up to eight boarders or paid servants: who acted as assistants, correctors, amanuenses, dining companions, international couriers, and carers. It was his habit to sit at times by a ground-floor window, to make it easier to see and be seen by strolling humanists for chatting.

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Sentimental friendships were as much in vogue in secular circles during the fifteenth century as towards the end of the eighteenth century. Each court had its pairs of friends, who dressed alike, and shared room, bed, and heart. Nor was this cult of fervent friendship restricted to the sphere of aristocratic life. It was among the specific characteristics of the

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endure or turn to the good; they have not the use of oaths, since they neither distrust nor deceive anyone; they know not the hunger for money, since their treasure is in heaven, nor do they itch for empty glory, since they refer all things to the glory of Christ.…these are the new teachings of our founder, such as no school of philosophy has ever brought forth.

5987:, but few had interfered with his activities. He believed that his work so far had commended itself to the best minds and also to the dominant powers in the religious world. Erasmus chose to write in Latin (and Greek), the languages of scholars. He did not build a large body of supporters in the unlettered; his critiques reached a small but elite audience. 4442:. Concord demanded unity and assent: Erasmus was anti-sectarian as well as non-sectarian. To follow the law of love, our intellects must be humble and friendly when making any assertions: he called contention "earthly, beastly, demonic" and a good-enough reason to reject a teacher or their followers. In Melanchthon's view, Erasmus taught charity not faith. 6148:

forbade his publisher Froben from handling the works of Luther and tried to keep the reform movement focused on institutional rather than theological issues, yet he also privately wrote to authorities to prevent Luther's persecution. In the words of one historian, "at this earlier period he was more concerned with the fate of Luther than his theology."

5856: 4472:, Erasmus lobbied diplomatically for toleration: "If the sects could be tolerated under certain conditions (as the Bohemians pretend), it would, I admit, be a grievous misfortune, but one more endurable than war." But the same dedication to avoiding conflict and bloodshed should be shown by those tempted to join (anti-popist) sects: 9426:"The Jews" (i.e. the earliest Jewish Christians in Antioch) "because of a certain human tendency, desire(d) to force their own rites upon everyone, clearly in order under this pretext to enhance their own importance. For each one wishes that the things which he himself has taught should appear as outstanding." Erasmus, 4167:, Erasmus metonymizes that we should "kill the Turk, not the man.If we really want to heave the Turks from our necks, we must first expel from our hearts a more loathsome race of Turks: avarice, ambition, the craving for power, self-satisfaction, impiety, extravagance, the love of pleasure, deceitfulness, anger, hatred, envy." 7048:

vast number of Latin and Greek publications included translations, paraphrases, letters, textbooks, plays for schoolboys, commentary, poems, liturgies, satires, sermons, and prayers. A large number of his later works were defences of his earlier work from attacks by Catholic and Protestant theological and literary opponents.

10542:"Erasmus is so thoroughly, radically Christ-centered in his understanding of both Christian faith and practice that if we overlook or downplay this key aspect of his character and vision, we not only do him a grave disservice but we almost completely misunderstand him." 4707:, were intrigued by Jewish mysticism, Erasmus came to dislike it: "I see them as a nation full of most tedious fabrications, who spread a kind of fog over everything, Talmud, Cabbala, Tetragrammaton, Gates of Light, words, words, words. I would rather have Christ mixed up with Scotus than with that rubbish of theirs." 3724: 4666:(written against efforts in the local synagogue to re-convert Christians) —which go further than deprecating re-judaizing tendencies within Christianity but set the pattern for later Christian antisemitism by portraying Jews as collectively the murderers of Christ— and by several miscellaneous comments by Erasmus. 6109:), justification by imputation, grace as favour or clemency, faith as hoping trust, human transformation over reformation, congregation over church, mystery over sacrament, etc. In Erasmus' view, they went too far, downplayed Sacred Tradition such as Patristic interpretations, and irresponsibly fomented bloodshed. 6781:, Erasmus wrote that the orator, preacher or teacher must "adapt their discourse to the characteristics of their audience"; this made pastoral care the "art of arts". Erasmus wrote that most of his original works, from satires to paraphrases, were essentially the same themes packaged for different audiences. 10030:, summarized as: "Aristotle was spiritually deficient, because although he could define virtue, his words lacked the power to motivate men to lead virtuous lives. It was not possible to know God adequately in this life, but it was possible to love him, which made virtue far more important than knowledge." 9091:"Desiderius Erasmus, Thomas More and John Coletbetween them in the first three decades of the sixteenth century, ushered in not only humanism – an ethically sanctioned guide for practical, humanitarian ways of living in society – but also the formation of a group that might be called a ‘peace movement’." 3090:). From Aldus he learned the in-person workflow that made him productive at Froben: making last-minute changes, and immediately checking and correcting printed page proofs as soon as the ink had dried. Aldus wrote that Erasmus could do twice as much work in a given time as any other man he had ever met. 9448:

According to historian Thomas Tentler, few Christians from his century gave as much emphasis as Erasmus to a pious attitude to death: the terrors of death are "closely connected to guilt from sin and fear of punishment" the antidote to which is first "trust in Christ and His ability to forgive sins",

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According to historian Jan van Herwaarden, it is consistent with Erasmus' view that outward signs were not important; what mattered is the believer's direct relationship with God. However, van Herwaarden states that "he did not dismiss the rites and sacraments out of hand but asserted a dying person

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In a few hours, they cleansed churches of idolatry by smashing statues, rood-screens, lights, altar paintings – everything they could lay their hands on, including Hans Holbein the Younger’s work. the hang-man lit nine ﬁres in front of the Minster It was, lamented, as though these objects ‘had been

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This is a non-mendicant order of clerics which followed the looser Rule of St Augustine, who do not withdraw from the world, and who take a vow of Stability binding them to a House in addition to the usual Poverty (common life, simplicity), Chastity and Obedience. Erasmus described the Canons Regular

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Erasmus was the most popular, most printed and arguably most influential author of the early sixteenth century, read in all nations in the West and frequently translated. By the 1530s, his writings accounted for 10-20% of book sales in Europe. "Undoubtedly he was the most read author of his age." His

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Luther hoped for his cooperation in a work which seemed only the natural outcome of Erasmus' own, and spoke with admiration of Erasmus's superior learning. In their early correspondence, Luther expressed boundless admiration for all Erasmus had done in the cause of a sound and reasonable Christianity

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Noting Luther's criticisms of corruption in the Church, Erasmus described Luther to Pope Leo X as "a mighty trumpet of gospel truth" while agreeing, "It is clear that many of the reforms for which Luther calls" (e.g., the sale of indulgences) "are urgently needed." However, behind the scenes Erasmus

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Alastor: "Because they get more by those that die, than those that live. There are last Wills and Testaments, Funeral Obsequies, Bulls, and a great many other Articles of no despicable Profit. And in the last Place, they had rather live in a Camp, than in their Cells. War breeds a great many Bishops,

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Alastor, an evil spirit: "They are a certain Sort of Animals in black and white Vestments, Ash-colour'd Coats, and various other Dresses, that are always hovering about the Courts of Princes, and are continually instilling into their Ears the Love of War, and exhorting the Nobility and common People

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Erasmus was extremely critical of the warlike way of important European princes of his era, including some princes of the church. He described these princes as corrupt and greedy. Erasmus believed that these princes "collude in a game, of which the outcome is to exhaust and oppress the commonwealth".

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After his glorious reception in Italy, Erasmus had returned broke and jobless, with strained relations with former friends and benefactors on the continent, and he regretted leaving Italy, despite being horrified by papal warfare. There is a gap in his usually voluminous correspondence: his so-called

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of St. Augustine there in late 1488 at age 19 (or 22). Historian Fr. Aiden Gasquet later wrote: "One thing, however, would seem to be quite clear; he could never have had any vocation for the religious life. His whole subsequent history shows this unmistakably." According to one Catholic biographer,

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Erasmus was given the highest education available to a young man of his day, in a series of monastic or semi-monastic schools. In 1476, at the age of 6 (or 9), his family moved to Gouda and he started at the school of Pieter Winckel, who later became his guardian (and, perhaps, squandered Erasmus and

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was to warn Christians and the Church of moral deterioration and to exhort them to change their ways.... Erasmus’ objection to crusades was by no means an overall opposition to fighting the Turks. Rather, Erasmus harshly condemned embezzlement and corrupt fundraising, and the Church's involvement in

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about Warham: "I wrote this in sorrow and grief, my mind totally devastated… We had made a vow to die together; he had promised a common grave…I am held back here half-alive, still owing the debt from the vow I had made, which …I will soon pay. …Instead, even time, which is supposed to cure even the

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Even in good times, Erasmus had a "frequent inability to understand the details of his own finances" which caused him disappointment and suspicion. His finances as late as 1530 have been described as "bewilderingly complicated" with multiple small income sources being managed with varying degrees of

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the “ceremonies” Erasmus criticizes are not the liturgical rites of the Church, but the special devotions and prescriptions added to them, particularly those related to food and clothing, which became binding in particular religious orders and more generally, under threat of excommunication and even

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This was his entry to the European network of Latin secretaries, who were usually humanists, and so to their career path: a promising secretary could be appointed tutor to some aristocratic boy, when that boy reached power they were frequent kept on as a trusted counselor, and finally moved over to

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Erasmus has a problematic standing in the history of philosophy: whether he should be called a philosopher at all, (as, indeed, some question whether he should be considered a theologian either.) Erasmus deemed himself to be a rhetorician or grammarian rather than a philosopher. He was particularly

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I know nothing of your church; at the very least it contains people who will, I fear, overturn the whole system and drive the princes into using force to restrain good men and bad alike. The gospel, the word of God, faith, Christ, and Holy Spirit – these words are always on their lips; look at their

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On the subject of slavery, Erasmus characteristically treated it in passing under the topic of tyranny: Christians were not allowed to be tyrants, which slave-owning required, but especially not to be the masters of other Christians. Erasmus had various other piecemeal arguments against slavery: for

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From 1500, he avoided returning to the canonry at Stein even insisting the diet and hours would kill him, though he did stay with other Augustinian communities and at monasteries of other orders in his travels. Rogerus, who became prior at Stein in 1504, and Erasmus corresponded over the years, with

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was along the lines that his parents were engaged, with the formal marriage blocked by his relatives (presumably a young widow or unmarried mother with a child was not an advantageous match); his father went to Italy to study Latin and Greek, and the relatives misled Gerard that Margaretha had died,

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Historical theologian Carl Meyer writes "Because the Scriptures are the genuine oracles of God, welling forth from the deepest recesses of the divine mind, Erasmus said they should be approached with reverence. Humility and veneration are needed to find the secret chambers of eternal wisdom. "Stoop

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of 1526 and a preliminary charcoal sketch. Concerning the former Erasmus was unimpressed, declaring it an unfavorable likeness of him, perhaps because around 1525 he was suffering severely from kidney stones. Nevertheless, Erasmus and Dürer maintained a close friendship, with Dürer going so far as

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Thus indeed have writers religiously vied to proclaim you, on the one hand inspired prophets, on the other eloquent Doctors of the church, both filled with the same spirit, as the former foretold your coming in joyful oracles before your birth and the latter heaped prayerful praise on you when you

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Yet these ancient fathers were they who confuted both the Jews and Heathens ; they confuted them (I say), yet by their lives and miracles, rather than by words and syllogisms; and the persons they thus proselyted were downright honest, well meaning people, such as understood plain sense better than

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A common accusation, supposedly started by antagonistic monk-theologians, made Erasmus responsible for Martin Luther and the Reformation: "Erasmus laid the egg, and Luther hatched it." Erasmus wittily dismissed the charge, claiming that Luther had "hatched a different bird entirely". Erasmus-reader

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We are dealing with this: Would a stable mind depart from the opinion handed down by so many men famous for holiness and miracles, depart from the decisions of the Church, and commit our souls to the faith of someone like you who has sprung up just now with a few followers, although the leading men

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He was scandalized by superstitions, such as that if you were buried in a Franciscan habit you would go direct to heaven. crime and child novices. He advocated various reforms, including a ban on taking orders until the 30th year, the closure of corrupt and smaller monasteries, respect for bishops,

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In theologian Louis Bouyer's interpretation, Erasmus' agenda was "to reform the Church from within by a renewal of biblical theology, based on philological study of the New Testament text, and supported by a knowledge of patristics, itself renewed by the same methods. The final object of it all was

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By and large, the miraculous real change that interested Erasmus the author more than that of the bread is the transformation in the humble partaker. Erasmus wrote several notable pastoral books or pamphlets on sacraments, always looking through rather than at the rituals or forms: on marriage and

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of Jesus, Paul, and the early church: "If only the Christian church did not attach so much importance to the Old Testament!" Erasmus' pervasive anti-ceremonialism treated the early Church debates on circumcision, food and special days as manifestations of a cultural chauvinism by the initial Jewish

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as historian John Bossy (as summarized by Eamon Duffy) puts it: "medieval Christianity had been fundamentally concerned with the creation and maintenance of peace in a violent world. “Christianity” in medieval Europe denoted neither an ideology nor an institution, but a community of believers whose

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Christ the heavenly teacher has founded a new people on earth,…Having eyes without guile, these folk know no spite or envy; having freely castrated themselves, and aiming at a life of angels while in the flesh, they know no unchaste lust; they know not divorce, since there is no evil they will not

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According to historian Christopher Ocker, the early reformers "needed tools that let their theological distinctions pose as commonplaces in a textual theology; Erasmus provided the tools" but this tendentious distinction-making, reminiscent of the recent excesses of Scholasticism to Erasmus' eyes,

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You declaim bitterly against the luxury of priests, the ambition of bishops, the tyranny of the Roman Pontiff, and the babbling of the sophists; against our prayers, fasts, and Masses; and you are not content to retrench the abuses that may be in these things, but must needs abolish them entirely.

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By 1523, and first suggested in a letter from Henry VIII, Erasmus had been convinced that Luther's ideas on necessity/free will were a subject of core disagreement deserving a public airing, and strategized with friends and correspondents on how to respond with proper moderation without making the

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were later treated by Protestants as objective reports of near-universal corruption. Furthermore, "what is said over a glass of wine, ought not to be remembered and written down as a serious statement of belief," such as his proposal to marry all monks to all nuns or to send them all away to fight

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Many of his works contain diatribes against supposed monastic corruption and careerism, and particularly against the mendicant friars (Franciscans and Dominicans): these orders also typically ran the university Scholastic theology programs from whose ranks came his most dangerous enemies. The more

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with almost a sole focus on Europe. In 1516, Erasmus wrote "it is the part of a Christian prince to regard no one as an outsider unless he is a nonbeliever, and even on them he should inflict no harm", which entails not attacking outsiders, not taking their riches, not subjecting them to political

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insurrections in Germany and in the Low Countries, iconoclasm, and the radicalisation of peasants across Europe. If these were the outcomes of reform, Erasmus was thankful that he had kept out of it. Yet he was ever more bitterly accused of having started the whole "tragedy" (as Erasmus dubbed the

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but resented the harsh rules and strict methods of the religious brothers and educators. The two brothers made an agreement that they would resist the clergy but attend the university; Erasmus longed to study in Italy, the birthplace of Latin, and have a degree from an Italian university. Instead,

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in 1483. His only sibling Peter might have been born in 1463, and some writers suggest Margaret was a widow and Peter was the half-brother of Erasmus; Erasmus on the other hand called him his brother. There were legal and social restrictions on the careers and opportunities open to the children of

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Similarly, John Monfasani reminds us that Erasmus never claimed to be a philosopher, was not trained as a philosopher, and wrote no explicit works of philosophy, although he repeatedly engaged in controversies that crossed the boundary from philosophy to theology. His relation to philosophy bears

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In Huizinga's view: "Out of the letters to Servatius there rises the picture of an Erasmus whom we shall never find again—a young man of more than feminine sensitiveness; of a languishing need for sentimental friendship. This exuberant friendship accords quite well with the times and the person.

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painted him at least three times and perhaps as many as seven, some of the Holbein portraits of Erasmus surviving only in copies by other artists. Holbein's three profile portraits – two (nearly identical) profile portraits and one three-quarters-view portrait – were all painted in the same year,

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He often set himself the challenge of formulating positive, moderate, non-superstitious versions of contemporary Catholic practices that might be more acceptable both to scandalized Catholics and Protestants of good will: the better attitudes to the sacraments, saints, Mary, indulgences, statues,

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Look around on this 'Evangelical' generation, and observe whether amongst them less indulgence is given to luxury, lust, or avarice, than amongst those whom you so detest. Show me any one person who by that Gospel has been reclaimed from drunkenness to sobriety, from fury and passion to meekness,

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to which both the Bishop of Augsburg and the Papal legate Campeggio had invited him, and he expressed doubt on non-theological grounds, to Campeggio and Melanchthon, that reconciliation was then possible: he wrote to Campeggio "I can discern no way out of this enormous tragedy unless God suddenly

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is governed by three favorite themes that recur in other works of Erasmus. First, war is naturally wrongSecond, Christianity forbids warThird, “just cause” in war will be claimed by both sides and will be next to impossible to determine fairly: hence, the traditional criteria of the just war are

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A Sceptic is not someone who doesn't care to know what is true or false…but rather someone who does not make a final decision easily or fight to the death for his own opinion, but rather accepts as probable what someone else accepts as certain…I explicitly exclude from Scepticism whatever is set

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In 1521 he settled in Basel. He was weary of the controversies and hostility at Louvain, and feared being dragged further into the Lutheran controversy. He agreed to be the Froben press' literary superintendent writing dedications and prefaces for an annuity and profit share. Apart from Froben's

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in boxes that accompanied him. When assembling a new book, he would go through the topics and cross out commonplace notes as he used them. This catalog of research notes allowed him to rapidly create books, though woven from the same topics. Towards the end of his life, as he lost dexterity, he

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For example, "peacemaking" is a possible topic in any Christian theology; but for Erasmus, from the Beatitude, it must be a starting-, reference- and ending-point when discussing all other theological notions, such as church authority, the Trinity, etc. Moreover, Christian theology must only be

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Since the Gospels become in effect like sacraments, for Erasmus reading them becomes a form of prayer which is spoiled by taking single sentences in isolation and using them as syllogisms. Instead, learning to understand the context, genres and literary expression in the New Testament becomes a

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Erasmus held that academics must avoid philosophical factionalism as an offense against Christian concord, in order to "make the whole world Christian." Indeed, Erasmus thought that Scholastic philosophy actually distracted participants from their proper focus on immediate morality, unless used

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which he regarded as one of his purposes in life. Only as an independent scholar could he hope to influence the reform of religion. When Erasmus declined to support him, the "straightforward" Luther became angered that Erasmus was avoiding the responsibility due either to cowardice or a lack of

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Erasmus "constantly and consistently" opposed the mooted idea of a Christian "universal monarch" with an over-extended empire, who could supposedly defeat the Ottoman forces: such universalism did not "hold any promise of generating less conflict than the existing political plurality;" instead,

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Erasmus left London with a full purse from his generous friends, to allow him to complete his studies. However, he had been provided with bad legal advice by his friends: the English Customs officials confiscated all the gold and silver, leaving him with nothing except a night fever that lasted

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calls them "victims of Dominic and Francis and Benedict"): Erasmus felt he had belonged to this class, joining "voluntarily but not freely" and so considered himself, if not morally bound by his vows, certainly legally, socially and honour- bound to keep them, yet to look for his true vocation.

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Mansfield summarizes Robert Kleinhan that "In contrast to contemporary theologies which centred on grace (Luther) or church and sacraments (the Council of Trent), Erasmus' theology 'stressed the acquisition of peace through the virtue obtainable by union with Christ through meditation upon the

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According to historian Jamie Gianoutsos, Erasmus was not cherry-picking, in the way of St Augustine's 'spoiling the Egyptians,' i.e., acquiring what is valuable from the pagan heritage for the benefit of Christianity. "Erasmus, in contrast, had expressed reserve and even cautious criticism for

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Historian Johannes Trapman notes "But who are in fact heretics? According to Erasmus not somebody who doubts a minor doctrinal point or even errs in some article. For the protection of the commonwealth heretics who are not only blasphemous but also seditious deserve the death penalty." Erasmus

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Historian Julian Haseldine has noted that medieval monks used charged expressions of friendship with the same emotional content regardless of how well-known the person was to them: so this language was sometimes "instrumental" rather than "affective." However, in this case we have Erasmus' own

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What Erasmus contributes to discussions of the divinity of Christ is a counsel of restraint in metaphysical speculation, an accent on the revelatory breadth of the eternal Word of God, and an invitation to think of Christ incarnate as the eloquent oration of God. But the central impulse of the

4084:

to give seed money to students and the needy; he had received dispensations (from Ferdinand Archduke of Austria, and from Emperor Charles V in 1530) to make a will rather than have his wealth revert to his order (the Chapter of Sion), or to the state, and had long pre-sold most of his personal

3207:

Erasmus suffered from poor health and was especially concerned with heating, clean air, ventilation, draughts, fresh food and unspoiled wine: he complained about the draughtiness of English buildings. He complained that Queens' College could not supply him with enough decent wine (wine was the

941:

The year of Erasmus' birth is unclear: in later life he calculated his age as if born in 1466, but frequently his remembered age at major events actually implies 1469. (This article currently gives 1466 as the birth year. To handle this disagreement, ages are given first based on 1469, then in

10610:

I.e., Erasmus' method is that Jesus' primary teachings are not things you (whether lay person or theologian) interpret in the light of everything else (particularly some novel, post-patristic theological schema, even if ostensibly biblically coherent), but what you base your interpretation of

8560:

most grievous sorrows, merely makes this wound more and more painful. What more can I say? I feel that I am being called. I will be glad to die here together with that incomparable and irrevocable patron of mine, provided I am allowed, by the mercy of Christ, to live there together with him."

8374:

By 1524, his disciples included, in his words, "the (Holy Roman) Emperor, the Kings of England, France, and Denmark, Prince Ferdinand of Germany, the Cardinal of England, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and more princes, more bishops, more learned and honourable men than I can name, not only in

5947:

According to historian C. Scott Dixon, Erasmus' not only criticized church failings but questioned many of his Church's basic teachings; however, according to biographer Erika Rummel, "Erasmus was aiming at the correction of abuses rather than at doctrinal innovation or institutional change."

4476:"Perhaps evil rulers should sometimes be tolerated. We owe some respect to the memory of those whose places we think of them as occupying. Their titles have some claim on us. We should not seek to put matters right if there is a real possibility that the cure may prove worse than the disease." 7055:(2023) runs to 444 entries (120 pages), almost all from the latter half of his life. He usually wrote books in particular classical literary genres with their different rhetorical conventions: complaint, diatribe, dialogue, encomium, epistle, commentary, liturgy, sermon, etc. His letter to 6682:

You must realize that 'philosopher' does not mean someone who is clever at dialectics or science but someone who rejects illusory appearance and undauntedly seeks out and follows what is true and good. Being a philosopher is in practice the same as being a Christian; only the terminology is

4529:

It was the duty of the leaders of this (reforming) movement, if Christ was their goal, to refrain not only from vice, but even from every appearance of evil; and to offer not the slightest stumbling block to the Gospel, studiously avoiding even practices which, although allowed, are yet not

7344:

From 1505, and certainly after 1517, he dressed as a scholar-priest. He preferred warm and soft garments: according to one source, he arranged for his clothing to be stuffed with fur to protect him against the cold, and his habit counted with a collar of fur which usually covered his nape.

6274:

and other works, which Luther ignored. Apart from the perceived moral failings among followers of the Reformers—an important sign for Erasmus—he also dreaded any change in doctrine, citing the long history of the Church as a bulwark against innovation. He put the matter bluntly to Luther:

4176:

When Erasmus wrote of 'Judaism,' he most frequently (though not always) was not referring to Jews: instead he referred to those Catholic Christians of his time, especially in the monastic lifestyle, who mistakenly promoted excessive external ritualism over interior piety, by analogy with

7979:

about an earlier teenage infatuation with a "Cantellius": "It is not uncommon at age to conceive passionate attachments for some of your companions". However, he allows "That these same letters, which run the gamut of love's emotions, are undoubtedly also literary exercises—rhetorical

8261:

p.624. It may also show the practical difficulty of being dispensed from wearing the habit of his order without being entirely dispensed from his vow of poverty: indeed, Erasmus had said his order of Augustinian Canons regular were priests when that suited and monks when that suited.

6759:(word) emphasizing the dynamic and interpersonal communication rather than static principle: "Christ incarnate as the eloquent oration of God": "He is called Speech , because through him God, who in his own nature cannot be comprehended by any reasoning, wished to become known to us." 4109:

Erasmus had a distinctive manner of thinking, a Catholic historian suggests: one that is capacious in its perception, agile in its judgments, and unsettling in its irony with "a deep and abiding commitment to human flourishing". "In all spheres, his outlook was essentially pastoral."

9389:, a converted Jew (which Erasmus approved of when sincere) who saw dangers in any re-Judaizing or re-mosaing Christianity (like Erasmus) but who went into fanaticism (which Erasmus abhored), e.g., advocating that Jews be compelled to hear Christian sermons, and that all copies of the 6143:

Erasmus and Luther impacted each other greatly. Each had misgivings about each other from the beginning (Erasmus on Luther's rash and antagonistic character, Luther on Erasmus' focus on morality rather than grace) but strategically agreed not to be negative about the other in public.

8582:, Erasmus recounts "Included with the Carthusians was the Brigittine monk Reynolds, a man of angelic features and angelic character and possessed of sound judgment, as I discovered through the conversations I had with him when I was in England in the company of Cardinal Campeggi." 6302:

You stipulate that we should not ask for or accept anything but Holy Scripture, but you do it in such a way as to require that we permit you to be its sole interpreter, renouncing all others. Thus the victory will be yours if we allow you to be not the steward but the lord of Holy

5899:

wise matches, preparation for confession and the need for pastoral encouragement, preparation for death and the need to assuage fear, training and helping the preaching duties of priests under bishops, baptism and the need for that faithful to own the baptismal vows made for them.

20968: 945:

His parents could not be legally married: his father, Gerard, was a Catholic priest who may have spent up to six years in the 1450s or 60s in Italy as a scribe and scholar. His mother was Margaretha Rogerius (Latinized form of Dutch surname Rutgers), the daughter of a doctor from

7694:, has an Erasmus Tower, Erasmus Building and an Erasmus Room. Until the early 20th century, Queens' College used to have a corkscrew that was purported to be "Erasmus' corkscrew", which was a third of a metre long; as of 1987, the college still had what it calls "Erasmus' chair". 2716:. Through the influence of the humanist John Colet, his interests turned towards theology. Other distinctive features of Colet's thought that may have influenced Erasmus are his pacifism, reform-mindedness, anti-Scholasticism and pastoral esteem for the sacrament of Confession. 10601:, Erasmus seeks to orient his theories of preaching around "the simplicity of Christ's teaching and example." Consequently, preaching is not for engaging in controversy, but for bringing salvation, moving the congregation to a moral life and building community through concord." 3355:

Erasmus may have made several other short visits to England or English territory while living in Brabant. Happily for Erasmus, More and Tunstall were posted in Brussels or Antwerp on government missions around 1516, More for six months, Tunstall for longer. Their circle include

4308:

Historians have written that "references to conflict run like a red thread through the writings of Erasmus." Erasmus had experienced war as a child and was particularly concerned about wars between Christian kings, who should be brothers and not start wars; a theme in his book

4143:

Erasmus' aphoristic quote on the persecution of Reuchlin "if it is Christian to hate Jews, we are all abundantly Christians here" is taken literally by Theodor Dunkelgrün and Harry S. May as being approving of such hatred; the alternative view would be that it was sardonic and

890:

Third, his flourishing but peripatetic years of increasing focus and literary productivity following his 1499 contact with a reformist English circle, then with radical French Franciscan Jean Vitrier (or Voirier) and later with the Greek-speaking Aldine New Academy in Venice;

6036:

However, he was not in favour of speedy closures of monasteries nor of larger reformed monasteries with important libraries: in his account of his pilgrimage to Walsingham, he noted that the funds extracted from pilgrims typically supported houses for the poor and elderly.

9832:

Augustine's views while betraying great enthusiasm for St Jerome and his metaphor of the freeman who marries the captive slave to obtain her freedom. Christianityhad wed itself to the classical heritage to enhance and liberate it (i.e., that heritage) from its pagan ethos"

5875:

of Basel, were claiming Erasmus held views similar to their own in order to try to claim him for their schismatic and "erroneous" movement. When the Mass was finally banned in Basel in 1529, Erasmus immediately abandoned the city, as did the other expelled Catholic clergy.

19572:

Carrington, Laurel (2013). "Desiderius Erasmus. The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 2082 to 2203, 1529. Ed. James Estes. Trans. Alexander Dalzell. Collected Works of Erasmus 15. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012. xxii + 404 pp. $ 175. ISBN: 978–1–4426–4203–4".

9569:"Unlike Luther, he accepted papal primacy and the teaching authority of the church and did not discount human tradition. The reforms proposed by Erasmus were in the social rather than the doctrinal realm. His principal aim was to foster piety and to deepen spirituality." 7722:

In 1928, the site of Erasmus' grave was dug up, and a body identified in the bones and examined. In 1974, a body was dug up in a slightly different location, accompanied by an Erasmus medal. Both bodies have been claimed to be Erasmus'. However, it is possible neither is.

3614:) and Aldine-like Italic and Greek fonts, as well as elegant layouts using borders and fancy capitals; Hans Holbein (the Younger) cut several woodblock capitals for Erasmus' editions. The printing of many his books was supervised by his Alsatian friend, the Greek scholar 6846:

of everything": "the focus in which both dimensions of reality, the human and the divine, intersect" and so He himself is the hermeneutical principle of scripture": "the middle is the medium, the medium is the mediator, the mediator is the reconciler". In Erasmus' early

6116:, was less theological than political: "The Roman curia has abandoned any sense of shame. What could be more shameless than these constant indulgences? And now they put up war against the Turks as a pretext, when their aim really is to drive the Spaniards from Naples." 3916:;) and as Luther and some Lutherans and some powerful Catholic theologians renewed their personal attacks on Erasmus, his letters are increasingly focused on concerns on the status of friendships and safety as he considered moving from bland Freiburg despite his health. 5959:, especially at first he sided unambiguously with neither Luther nor the anti-Lutherans publicly (though in private he lobbied assiduously against extremism from both parties), but eventually shunned the breakaway Protestant Reformation movements along with their most 7080:

employed secretaries or amanuenses who performed the assembly or transcription, re-wrote his writing, and in his last decade, recorded his dictation; letters were usually in his own hand, unless formal. For much of his career he wrote standing at a desk, as shown in

7008:

During the centuries of the previous age the oracles of the gentiles spoke of you in obscure riddles. Egyptian prophecies, Apollo’s tripod, the Sibylline books, gave hints of you. The mouths of learned poets predicted your coming in oracles they did not understand.

2833:.) A particular influence was his encounter in 1501 with Jean (Jehan) Vitrier, a radical Franciscan who consolidated Erasmus' thoughts against excessive valorization of monasticism, ceremonialism and fasting in a kind of conversion experience, and introduced him to 942:

parentheses based on 1466: e.g., "20 (or 23)".) Furthermore, many details of his early life must be gleaned from a fictionalized third-person account he wrote in 1516 (published in 1529) in a letter to a fictitious Papal secretary, Lambertus Grunnius ("Mr. Grunt").

17081:"Erasmus' Cambridge Years (1511–1514): The Execution of Erasmus' Christian Humanist Programme, His Epitaph for Lady Margaret's Tomb in Westminster Abbey (1512), and His Failed Attempt to Obtain the Lady Margaret's Professorship in the Face of Scholastic Opposition" 9795:, CWE 26, 385). By teaching the relativity of communicative situations and the variability of temperaments, the laughter resulting from the art of rhetoric comes to resemble the most sincere content of Christian morality, based on tolerance and loving persuasion." 17602:

Ocker, Christopher (2017). "Review: Collected Works of Erasmus, vol. 73: Controversies: Apologia de 'In Principio Erat Sermo', Apologia de Loco 'Omnes quidem', De Esu Carnium, De Delectu Ciborum Scholia, Responsio ad Collationes, edited by Drysdall, Denis L.".

9617:

wing of the canons regular who believed that the charism of their orders required them to be more externally focussed (on pastoral, missionary, scholarly, charitable and sacramental works) and correspondingly de-focussed on monastic severity and ceremonialism.

8611:

Contrast the "outsider" interpretation of Huizinga "He tried to remain in the fold of the old Church, after having damaged it seriously, and renounced the Reformation, and to a certain extent even Humanism, after having furthered both with all his strength."

6343:

from avarice to liberality, from reviling to well-speaking, from wantonness to modesty. I will show you a great many who have become worse through following it. The solemn prayers of the Church are abolished, but now there are very many who never pray at all.

2884:

Erasmus preferred to live the life of an independent scholar and made a conscious effort to avoid any actions or formal ties that might inhibit his individual freedom. In England Erasmus was approached with prominent offices but he declined them all, until the

10317:

For example, "It is likely that Erasmus rejected the traditional view of Hell as a place of real, material fire. But although he probably conceived of it as a place of mental rather than physical torment,... Erasmus does not appear to reject the eternality of

9438:

In marriage, Erasmus' two significant innovations, according to historian Nathan Ron, were that "matrimony can and should be a joyous bond, and that this goal can be achieved by a relationship between spouses based on mutuality, conversation, and persuasion."

7853:. For the Ursalines, Barnabites, etc. "these associations were not conceived by their founders as 'religious orders', but as spiritual companies mostly composed of both lay and religious folk ... Similarly to the teachings of humanists like Erasmus and of the 4514:, Erasmus was against the death penalty merely for private or peaceable heresy, or for dissent on non-essentials: "It is better to cure a sick man than to kill him." The Church has the duty to protect believers and convert or heal heretics; he invoked Jesus' 6527:

The body is purely material; the spirit is purely divine; the soul…is tossed back and forwards between the two according to whether it resists or gives way to the temptations of the flesh. The spirit makes us gods; the body makes us beasts; the soul makes us

4716:

example, that it was not legitimate to have slaves taken in an unjust war, but it was not a subject that occupied him. However, his belief that "nature created all men free" (and slavery was imposed) was a rejection of Aristotle's category of natural slaves.

16248: 9381:, Erasmus sided with Reuchlin, a gentile who advocated Hebrew studies (which Erasmus never undertook seriously himself but promoted) and interaction with Jewish scholars (which Erasmus never felt the professional occasion for) to learn of things such as the 6562: 9967:, Erasmus quotes Aristotle 304 times, "making extensive use of the moral, philosophical, political, and rhetorical writings as well as those on natural philosophy, while completely shunning the logical works that formed the basis for scholastic philosophy" 7251:

In 1528 he suffered recurrent episodes of the stone, "from which he almost died." In 1529 his self-removal from Basel was delayed because of headcold and fever. In 1530 while traveling he suffered some near-fatal illness which several doctors diagnosed as

4461:, opposing certain views of Martin Luther, Erasmus noted that religious disputants should be temperate in their language, "because in this way the truth, which is often lost amidst too much wrangling may be more surely perceived." Gary Remer writes, "Like 9414:

For Erasmus, "...the relative importance we should ascribe to the different books of the Bible," accorded to how much "they bring us more or less directly to knowledge of (Christ)": which gave priority to the New Testament and the Gospels in particular.

21073: 6743:. And the primary mechanism of accommodation is language, which mediates between reality and abstraction, which allows disputes of all kinds to be resolved and the gospel to be transmitted: in his New Testament, Erasmus notably translated the Greek 9639:"In the first years of the Reformation many thought that Luther was only carrying out the program of Erasmus, and this was the opinion of those strict Catholics who from the outset of the great conflict included Erasmus in their attacks on Luther." 7433:) as his personal motto. The obverse of the medal by Quintin Matsys featured the Terminus herm. Mottoes on medals, along the circumference, included "A better picture of Erasmus is shown in his writing", and "Contemplate the end of a long life" and 6946:

Several scholars have suggested Erasmus wrote as an evangelist not an academic theologian. Even "theology was to be metamorphic speech, converting persons to Christ." Erasmus did not conceive of Christianity as fundamentally an intellectual system:

3101:, the 24-year old Archbishop of St Andrews, through Padua, Florence, and Siena Erasmus made it to Rome in 1509, visiting some notable libraries and cardinals, but having a less active association with Italian scholars than might have been expected. 10452:' "For as there is no place in which it is more proper to seek Thee than in Thy words, so is there no place where Thou art more clearly discovered than in Thy words. For therein Thou abidest, and thither Thou leadest all who seek and love Thee." 7203:

However, at times he has been viciously criticized, his works suppressed, his expertise corralled, his writings misinterpreted, his thought demonized, and his legacy marginalized. He was never judged and declared a heretic by the Catholic Church,

9612:

DeMolen claims: "It is important to recall that Erasmus remained a member of the Austin Canons all his life. His lifestyle harmonized with the spirit of the Austin Canons even though he lived outside their monastic walls." Erasmus represents the

6612:

moderately. And, by "excluding the Platonists from their commentaries, they strangle the beauty of revelation." "They are windbags blown up with Aristotle, sausages stuffed with a mass of theoretical definitions, conclusions, and propositions."

21015: 18467:

Coetsee, Albert J.; Walt, Sarel van der; Muller, D. Francois; Huijgen, Arnold; Brink, Gijsbert van den; Alten, HH van; Broeke, Leon van den; Kotzé, Manitza; Kruger, P. Paul; Potgieter, Raymond M.; Fick, Rikus; Dreyer, Wim (17 November 2023).

6189:

Though he sought to remain accommodative in doctrinal disputes, each side accused him of siding with the other, perhaps because of his perceived influence and what they regarded as his dissembling neutrality, which he regarded as peacemaking

4540:

Erasmus allowed the death penalty against violent seditionists, to prevent bloodshed and war: he allowed that the state has the right to execute those who are a necessary danger to public order—whether heretic or orthodox—but noted (e.g., to

6249:

initiated what has been called "The greatest debate of that era" which still has ramifications today. They bypassed discussion on reforms which they both agreed on in general, and instead dealt with authority and biblical justifications of

3746:

and changes the hearts of men" and later "What upsets me is not so much their teaching, especially Luther’s, as the fact that, under the pre-text of the gospel, I see a class of men emerging whom I find repugnant from every point of view."

3104:

In 1510, William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Lord Mountjoy lured him back to England, now under its new humanist king, paying £10 journey money. On his trip back over the Alps, down the Rhein, to England, Erasmus mentally composed

10495:

that in the process of interpreting a passage from Scripture it is essential to consider not only what was said but also by whom and to whom it was said, with which words, at what time, on what occasion, and what preceded and followed it."

8873:

For Markish, Erasmus' "theological opposition to a form of religious thought which he identified with Judaism was not translated into crude prejudice against actual Jews", to the extent that Erasmus could be described as 'a-semitic' rather

7066:

From his youth, Erasmus had been a voracious writer. Erasmus wrote or answered up to 40 letters per day, usually waking early in the morning and writing them in his own hand. He did not work after dinner. His writing method (recommended in

3776:

There are no extant letters between More and Erasmus from the start of More's period as Chancellor until his resignation (1529–1533), almost to the day. Erasmus wrote several important non-political works under the surprising patronage of

17170:

Kinney, Daniel (February 1983). "Georges Chantraine, S.J ., Erasme et Luther: Libre et serf arbitre, etude Historique et Theologique. Paris : Éditions Lethielleux / Presses Universitaires de Namur, 1981. XLV + 503 pp. in-8°. 270 Fr".

6674:

In philosopher Étienne Gilson's summary: "the quite precise goal he pursues is to reject Greek philosophy outside of Christianity, into which the Middle Ages introduced Greek philosophy with the risk of corrupting this Christian Wisdom."

15113:

Essary, Kirk (2016). "Collected Works of Erasmus, written by Frederick J. McGinness (ed.), Michael J. Heath and James L.P. Butrica (transl.), Frederick J. McGinness and Michael J. Heath (annotat.), and Alexander Dalzell (contrib. ed.)".

6855:

in typical medieval terms of an ascent of being to God (vertical), but from the mid-1510s life he moved to an analogy of Copernican planetary circling around Christ the centre (horizontal) or Columbian navigation towards a destination.

9578:"Rigorously scientific biblical study must sustain an effort to renew the interior life, and the interior life must itself be at once the agent and the beneficiary of a renewal of the whole of Christian society." This went beyond the 6348:

Who ever beheld in their meetings any one of them shedding tears, smiting his breast, or grieving for his sins? Confession to the priest is abolished, but very few now confess to God. They have fled from Judaism that they may become

3212:

still houses many first editions of Erasmus's publications, many of which were acquired during that period by bequest or purchase, including Erasmus's New Testament translation, which is signed by friend and Polish religious reformer

19774: 8271:

He wrote to Servatius Rogerus, the prior at Stein, to justify his jobs: "I do not aim at becoming rich, so long as I possess just enough means to provide for my health and free time for my studies and to ensure that I am a burden to

4089:, who had fled from Geneva to Basel, who subsequently translated the Bible into Latin and French, and who worked for the repair of the breach and divide of Western Christianity in its Catholic, Anabaptist, and Protestant branches. 4160:, Erasmus wrote: "The cunning of princes and the effrontery of the Roman curia can go no further; and it looks as though the state of the common people would soon be such that the tyranny of the Grand Turk would be more bearable." 18785: 9787:"According to Erasmus, Lucian's laughter is the most appropriate instrument to guide pupils towards moral seriousness because it is the denial of every peremptory and dogmatic point of view and, therefore, the image of a joyful 8079:

Erasmus suffered severe food intolerances, including to fish, beer and many wines, which formed much of the diet of Northern European monks, and caused his antipathy to fasts. "My heart is Catholic, but my stomach is Lutheran."

7533:

in (gilt) bronze replacing an earlier stone version from 1557, itself replacing a wooden one of 1549, possibly a gift from the City of Basel. This was set up in the public square in Rotterdam, and today may be found outside the

4355:, further limiting it to feasible defensive actions with popular support and that "war should never be undertaken unless, as a last resort, it cannot be avoided." Defeat should be endured rather than fighting to the end. In his 8679:"He left a small fortune, in trusts for the benefit of the aged and infirm, the education of young men of promise, and as marriage portions for deserving young women - nothing, however, for Masses for the repose of his soul." 9057:

Bruce Mansfield summarizes historian Georg Gebhart's view: "While recognizing the teaching authority, but not the primacy, of Councils, Erasmus adopted a moderate papalism, papal authority itself being essentially pastoral."

6297:

Continuing his chastisement of Luther – and undoubtedly put off by the notion of there being "no pure interpretation of Scripture anywhere but in Wittenberg" – Erasmus touches upon another important point of the controversy:

6345:

I have never entered their conventicles, but I have sometimes seen them returning from their sermons, the countenances of all of them displaying rage, and wonderful ferocity, as though they were animated by the evil spirit.

4275:

I give you my peace, I leave you my peace" (John 14:27). You hear what he leaves his people? Not horses, bodyguards, empire or riches – none of these. What then? He gives peace, leaves peace – peace with friends, peace with

7102:

on subjects of humanist interest: "Three areas preoccupied Erasmus as a writer: language arts, education, and biblical studies. All of his works served as models of style. He pioneered the principles of textual criticism."

6937:

philosophical argument all too often generated; this produced in Erasmus a profound disinterest in hyper-rationality, and an emphasis on verbal, rhetorical, mystical, pastoral and personal/political moral concerns instead.

13078: 9537:. Erasmus was not a forerunner in the sense that he conceived or defended ideas that later made up the substance of the Reformation thought. It is enough that some of his ideas merged with the later Reformation message." 3720:. Erasmus wrote somewhat dramatically to Thomas More of his frail condition at the time: "I preferred to risk my life rather than appear to approve a programme like theirs. There was some hope of a return to moderation." 9866:

Erasmus does not engage with Plato as a philosopher, at least not in any rigorous sense, but rather as a rhetorician of spiritual experience, the instigator of a metaphorical system which coheres effectively with Pauline

3650:, after having served as Regent (and/or Grand Inquisitor) of Spain for six years. Like Erasmus and Luther, he had been influenced by the Brethren of the Common Life. He tried to entice Erasmus to Rome. His reforms of the 9269:

However, Erasmus related that he had consulted a Jewish doctor, in October 1518. Erasmus also knew several converted Jews: his doctor Matthais Adrianus, who Erasmus recommended for the Trilingual College, and his doctor

1241:

either on 25 April 1492, or 25 April 1495, at age 25 (or 28.) Either way, he did not actively work as a choir priest for very long, though his many works on confession and penance suggests experience of dispensing them.

8767:

However, "his wit can be gentle; it can break out into bitterness. In controversy, resentments and anxieties can get loose, countermanding the Christian imperative of love to which he was devoted and which runs as a

8029:

in England "to some extent Erasmus thereby realized the dream of his youth, which was to live together with some choice literary spirit with whom he might share his thoughts and aspiration". Quoted in J. K. Sowards,

16698: 10641:

in isolation from his other works may give an idea of Erasmus' priorities different to that given by broader reading, even though he sometimes claimed to be re-presenting essentially the same thoughts in different

6894:

at the head of the queue. This privileges peacemaking, mercy, meekness, purity of heart, hungering after righteousness, poverty of spirit, etc. as the unassailable core of Christianity and piety and true theology.

15532: 9533:(1516), which laid the foundations for a model of Christianity that called for a pared-down, internalized style of religiosity focused on Scripture rather than the elaborate, and incessant, outward rituals of the 6520:": warm affection and an appropriately fiery heart being inalienable parts of human sincerity; however historian Ross Dealy sees Erasmus' decrial of other non-gentle "perverse affections" as having Stoical roots. 4505:

to say that the Lutherans (of 1523) were not formally heretics: he pushed back against the willingness of some theologians to cry heresy fast in order to enforce their views in universities and at inquisitions.

17519:

Was Erasmus Responsible for Luther? A Study of the Relationship of the Two Reformers and Their Clash Over the Question of the Will, Reynolds, Terrence M. p. 2, 1977. Reynolds references Arthur Robert Pennington

6992:

Apart from these programmatic works, Erasmus also produce a number of prayers, sermons, essays, masses and poems for specific benefactors and occasions, often on topics where Erasmus and his benefactor agreed.

2840:

In 1502, Erasmus went to Brabant, ultimately to the university at Louvain. In 1504 he was hired by the leaders of the Brabantian "Provincial States" to deliver one of his few public speeches, a very long formal

8753:

For Erasmus, "dogmatics do not exist for themselves; they take on meaning only when they issue, on the one hand, in the exegesis of scripture and, on the other, in moral action" according to Manfred Hoffmann's

4696:, Erasmus voiced, as Paul, the "secret" that in the end times "all of the Israelites will be restored to salvation," and accept Christ as their Messiah, "although now part of them have fallen away from it." 16803: 6898:

The Sermon on the Mount provides the axioms on which every legitimate theology must be built, as well as the ethics governing theological discourse, and the rules for validating theological products; Erasmus'

4597:

In common with his times, Erasmus regarded the Jewish and Islamic religions as Christian heresies (and therefore competitors to orthodox Christianity) rather than separate religions, using the inclusive term

7925:

Huizinga (p.12) notes "To observe one another with sympathy, to watch and note each other's inner life, was a customary and approved occupation among the Brethren of the Common Life and the Windesheim monks."

21349: 14044: 9067:

If any single individual in the modern world can be credited with "the invention of peace", the honour belongs to Erasmus rather than Kant whose essay on perpetual peace was published nearly three centuries

7001:(1503) Erasmus elaborated his theme that the Incarnation had been hinted far and wide, which could impact the theology of the fate of the remote unbaptized and grace, and the place of classical philosophy: 4625:

Erasmus claimed not to be personally xenophobic: "For I am of such a nature that I could love even a Jew, were he a pleasant companion and did not spew out blasphemy against Christ" however Erasmus scholar

4509:

For Erasmus, punishable heresy had to involve fractiously, dangerously and publicly agitating against essential doctrines relating to Christ (i.e., blasphemy), with malice, depravity, obstinacy. As with St

4347:

frequently related to issues of peacemaking. He saw a key role of the Church in peacemaking by arbitration and mediation, and the office of the Pope was necessary to rein in tyrannical princes and bishops.

4171:

Erasmus' literary theory of "copiousness" makes a virtue of utilizing a large stockpile of tropes and symbolic figures, without modern disclaimers of their reality or qualms about the cumulative impact.

6637:. "A great part of the teaching of Christ is to be found in some of the philosophers, particularly Socrates, Diogenes and Epictetus. But Christ taught it much more fully, and exemplified it better..." ( 11395: 10009:"However learned the works of those men may be, however ‘subtle’ and, if it please them, however ‘seraphic,’ it must still be admitted that the Gospels and Epistles are the supreme authority." Erasmus, 4113:

Erasmus has been called a seminal rather than a consistent or systematic thinker, notably averse to over-extending from the specific to the general; who nevertheless should be taken very seriously as a

8070:

25 was the minimum age under canon law to be ordained a priest. However, Gouda church records do not support the 1492 year given by his first biographer, and 1495 has been suggested as more plausible.

4125:

A theologian has written of "Erasmus’ preparedness completely to satisfy no-one but himself." He has been called moderate, judicious and constructive even when being critical or when mocking extremes.

4140:

Antagonistic scholar J.W. Williams denies that Erasmus' letter to Ammonius "let your own interests be your standard in all things" was in obvious jest, as claimed by those more sympathetic to Erasmus.

7241:. His digestion gave him trouble: he was intolerant of fish, beer and some wines, which were the standard diet for members of religious orders; he eventually died following an attack of dysentery. 4264:. Erasmus' ecclesiology of peacemaking held that the church authorities had a divine mandate to settle religious disputes, in an as non-excluding way as possible, including by the preferably-minimal 4208:

Peace, peaceableness and peacemaking, in all spheres from the domestic to the religious to the political, were central distinctives of Erasmus' writing on Christian living and his mystical theology:

10659:

that "students in this science have not seldom been hampered by what they have found written by other authors, partly on account of the multiplication of useless questions, articles, and arguments"

7108:

on pastoral subjects: "to Christians in the various stages of lives:for the young, for married couples, for widows," the dying, clergy, theologians, religious, princes, partakers of sacraments, etc.

1246:

Rogerus demanding Erasmus return after his studies were complete. Nevertheless, the library of the canonry ended up with by far the largest collection of Erasmus' publications in the Gouda region.

10394:"The saintly versatility with which Christ and Paul accommodate their message to their imperfect hearers is one of the highest expressions of their charity, which desires the salvation of all men." 6173:

However, any hesitancy on the part of Erasmus may have stemmed, not from lack of courage or conviction, but rather from a concern over the mounting disorder and violence of the reform movement. To

14078: 950:. She may have been Gerard's housekeeper. Although he was born out of wedlock, Erasmus was cared for by his parents, with a loving household and the best education, until their early deaths from 10130:

before him, he recommended that (scholastic method) be practiced with greater moderation and that it be complemented by the new philological and patristic knowledge that was becoming available."

8546:

The last was released at the time of Henry VIII and Anne Bolyn's wedding; Erasmus appended a statement that indicated he opposed the marriage. Erasmus outlived Anne and her brother by two months.

6450:

Erasmus syncretistically took phrases, ideas and motifs from many classical philosophers to furnish discussions of Christian themes: academics have identified aspects of his thought as variously

19012: 13721: 6198:

I detest dissension because it goes both against the teachings of Christ and against a secret inclination of nature. I doubt that either side in the dispute can be suppressed without grave loss.

6186:

Catholic theologian George Chantraine notes that, where Luther quotes Luke 11:21 "He that is not with me is against me", Erasmus takes Mark 9:40 "For he that is not against us, is on our part."

6074:

came lately to me in a dream and thanked me for chastising them." After his lifetime, scholars of mendicant orders have sometimes disputed Erasmus as hyperbolic and ill-informed. A 20th-century

6816:: we now knowing the resurrection, Christ is revealed by the Gospels in a way that we can know him better by reading him than those who actually heard him speak; this will or may transform us. 4557:

not because of their heretical views on baptism. Despite these concessions to state power, Erasmus suggested that religious persecution could still be challenged as inexpedient (ineffective).

21544: 8831:"Erasmus discussed Amerindians and their way of life only as a tool, an analogy or parable, for those issues that consistently preoccupied his mind, namely the mores of the Christian Church." 9183:

were absentee rulers, the secret nature of diplomacy and other circumstances) was widespread, but it is notable that intellectuals like Erasmus and Barlandus also accepted the allegations.

4062:

He had remained loyal to Roman Catholicism, but biographers have disagreed whether to treat him as an insider or an outsider. He may not have received or had the opportunity to receive the

10348:"We see Erasmus' hermeneutic as governed by the idea of language as mediation The dynamics of mediation, central as it is in Erasmus' hermeneutic, informed all aspects of his world view." 9192:"I have made my support of the church sufficiently clearThe only thing in which I take pride is that I have never committed myself to any sect." Erasmus, Letter to Georgius Agricola (1534) 4408:

advocating concord between princes, both temporal and spiritual. The spiritual princes, by their arbitration and mediation do not "threaten political plurality, but acts as its defender."

8913:, of Old-Christians mired in ceremonial practice to Pharisees who had forgotten the true message of Judaism, a statement they used as a counter-punch against Old-Christian accusations of 6105:

The early reformers built their theology on Erasmus' philological analyses of specific verses in the New Testament: repentance over penance (the basis of the first thesis of the Luther's

4148:

Terence J. Martin identifies an "Erasmian pattern" that the supposed (by the reader) otherness (of Turks, Lapplanders, Indians, Amerindans, Jews, and even women and heretics) "provides a

18777: 18124: 8537:

De Góis then proceeded to Padua, meeting with the humanist cardinals Bembo and Sadeleto, and with Ignatius of Loyola. He had previously dined with Luther and Melanchthon, and met Bucer.

4400:

One of his approaches was to send, and publish, congratulatory and lionizing letters to princes who, though in a position of strength, negotiated peace with neighbours: such as to King

1126:

were among the chief objects of his later calls to reform the Western Church from within, particularly coerced or tricked recruitment of immature boys (the fictionalized account in the

3665:

As the popular and nationalist responses to Luther gathered momentum, the social disorders, which Erasmus dreaded and Luther disassociated himself from, began to appear, including the

4039:. "The most famous scholar of his day died in peaceful prosperity and in the company of celebrated and responsible friends." His last words, as recorded by his friend and biographer 2693:, who offered to accompany him on his trip to England. His time in England was fruitful in the making of lifelong friendships with the leaders of English thought in the days of King 21280: 3989:, finally exiled to a monastery, and on release perhaps murdered. His amanuensis Gilbert Cousin died in prison at age 66, shortly after being arrested on the personal order of Pope 3795: 6516:

Historian Kirk Essary has noted that from his earliest to last works Erasmus "regularly denounced the Stoics as specifically unchristian in their hardline position and advocacy of

5995:

Reacting from his own experiences, Erasmus came to believe that monastic life and institutions no longer served the positive spiritual or social purpose they once may have: in the

15763: 6997:

scriptural ignorance and fanciful Biblical interpretation, prayer, dietary fasts, external ceremonialism, authority, vows, docility, submission to Rome, etc. For example, in his

3705:

his former assistant, in which elected Catholic councilmen were deposed, the city of Basel definitely adopted the Reformation—finally banning the Catholic Mass on April 1, 1529.

10679:

Historian Hilmar Pabel wrote "an essential aspect of Erasmus' life's work (was)...his participation in the responsibility of the bishops and all pastors to win souls for Christ."

10370: 8336:

which More used for Utopia, due to 33 specific similarities of ideas, and that the fictional character Raphael Hythloday is de las Casas. Coincidentally, de las Casas' nemesis

7522:

produced the earliest known portraits of Erasmus, including an oil painting from life in 1517 (which had to be delayed as Erasmus' pain distorted his face) and a medal in 1519.

3633:, had grown to also include a lightly revised Latin Vulgate, then the Greek text, then several edifying essays on methodology, then a highly revised Vulgate—all bundled as his 1273:

and confirmed the previous dispensation, allowing the 48-(or 51-)year-old his independence but still, as a canon, capable of holding office as a prior or abbot. In 1525, Pope

14617:

Flesh, Blood, and Puffed-Up Livers: The Theological, Political, and Social Contexts behind the 1550-1551 Written Eucharistic Debate between Thomas Cranmer and Stephen Gardiner

3654:

which he hoped would meet the objections of many Lutherans were stymied (party because the Holy See was broke), though re-worked at the Council of Trent, and he died in 1523.

923:, whom Erasmus' father Gerard (Gerardus Helye) personally favored. Although associated closely with Rotterdam, he lived there for only four years, never to return afterwards. 7589:

scholarships enable European students to spend up to a year of their university courses in a university in another European country, commemorating Erasmus' impulse to travel.

5955:

Erasmus, at the height of his literary fame, was called upon to take one side, but public partisanship was foreign to his beliefs, his nature and his habits. Despite all his

27414: 9126:(1512) denounced princes as the most guilty of ambition, luxury and a desire for domination. Bernard proposed that reformation must primarily involve ending war and schism. 4133:

Erasmus often wrote in a highly ironical idiom, especially in his letters, which makes them prone to different interpretations when taken literally rather than ironically.

2681:"I can truly say that no place in the world has given me so many friends—true, learned, helpful, and illustrious friends—as the single city of London." Letter to Colet, 1509 16672: 9894:. Erasmus’ interest in some Platonic motifs is well known. But the most consistent philosophical theme in Erasmus’ writings from his earliest to his latest was that of the 9512:"It is because Christ is in the pages of the bible that we meet him as a living person. As we read these pages we absorb his presence, we become one with him." Robert Sider 3433:

that his income was over 300 ducats per year (over US$ 150,000) without including patronage. By 1522 he reported his annual income as 400 gold florins (over US$ 200,000.)

1065:, which left Erasmus feeling betrayed. Around this time he wrote forlornly to his friend Elizabeth de Heyden "Shipwrecked am I, and lost, 'mid waters chill'." He suffered 17812: 15524: 9449:

avoiding (Lutheran) boastful pride, then a loving, undespairing life lived with appropriate penitence. The focus of the Last Rites by priests should be comfort and hope.

3754:, then following another rent dispute bought and refurbished a house of his own, where he took in scholar/assistants as table-boarders such as Cornelius Grapheus' friend 11663:

The Eve of the Reformation. Studies in the Religious Life and Thought of the English people in the Period Preceding the Rejection of the Roman jurisdiction by Henry VIII

9751:

For Craig R. Thompson, Erasmus cannot be called philosopher in the technical sense, since he disdained formal logic and metaphysics and cared only for moral philosophy.

6633:

theologically and rhetorically: their value was in how they pre-saged, explained or amplified the unique teachings of Christ (particularly the Sermon on the Mount): the

4184:"Judaism I call not Jewish impiety, but prescriptions about external things, such as food, fasting, clothes, which to a certain degree resemble the rituals of the Jews." 19173:"Erasmus's Biblical Project: Some Thoughts and Observations on Its Scope, Its Impact in the Sixteenth Century and Reception in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries" 9591:

Writer Gregory Wolfe notes however "For Erasmus, the narrative of decline is a form of despair, a failure to believe that the tradition can and will generate new life."

7287:, painter unknown, c.1500, juxtaposing pregnancy and death, with four Augustinan canons regular of the Chapter (Abbey) of Sion. Left, with a little lion behind him, is 4609:

and anti-Moslem prejudice in his writings: historian Nathan Ron has found his writing to be harsh and racial in its implications, with contempt and hostility to Islam.

4066:

of the Catholic Church; the contemporary reports of his death do not mention whether he asked for a Catholic priest or not, if any were secretly or privately in Basel.

10412:"The gospel text for Erasmus, and many others, possessed “the capacity to transform our inner self by the presence of God as incarnated in the text (or 'inverbation') 5891:

in the eleventh century. He added a dedication, affirming his belief in the reality of the Body of Christ after consecration in the Eucharist, commonly referred to as

3769:, and his small book on preparing for death. His boarder for five months, the Portuguese scholar/diplomat Damião de Góis, worked on his lobbying on the plight of the 18778:"Bible Engagement in the Catholic Church Tradition. Conference on the occasion of the annual retreat of the Board of Management of the American Bible Society in Rome" 14881: 6835:

is the unifying reference point, the navigation goal, or the organizing principle of topics. According to his assistant-turned-foe, Œcolampadius, Erasmus's rule was "

4553:: Johannes Trapman states that Erasmus' endorsement of suppression of the Anabaptists springs from their refusal to heed magistrates and the criminal violence of the 4373:" Expansionism could not be justified. Taxes to pay for war should cause the least possible hardship on the poor. He hated sedition as, often, a cause of oppression. 2719:

This prompted him, upon his return from England to Paris, to intensively study the Greek language, which would enable him to study theology on a more profound level.

15501: 15045: 14029: 7410:

The herm became part of the Erasmus branding at Froben, and is on his tombstone. In the early 1530s, Erasmus was portrayed as Terminus by Hans Holbein the Younger.

27354: 6982:, which in their first state constitute a sort of preface to the various other studies, but which—in return—were nourished and enlarged by them as they went along. 4137:

Erasmus himself chided Ulrich von Hutten's claims that he (Erasmus) was a Lutheran, saying that von Hutten had not detected the irony in his public letters enough.

17057: 14192: 7875:. p. 95. MacCulloch has a footnote "There has been much modern embarrassment and obfuscation on Erasmus and Rogerus, but see the sensible comment in J. Huizinga, 6800:, can be seen as outworkings of his theology, rather than slippery insincerity or flattery of potential patrons. Similarly, it shows the theological basis of his 6157:(Oct 1520) and subsequent bellicosity drained Erasmus' and many humanists' sympathy, even more as Christians became partisans and the partisans took to violence. 3946:

After Erasmus' time, numerous of Erasmus' translators later met similar fates at the hands of Anglican, Catholic and Reformed sectarians and autocrats: including

27274: 10677:

Historian William McCuaig wrote " I will however defend the view that for the historian evangelism is the category to which Erasmus should rightly be assigned."

8937:. Erasmus continued: "This can hardly remain the case unless we define as few matters as possible and leave each individual's judgement free on many questions." 6161:

and urged him to join the Lutheran party. Erasmus declined to commit himself, arguing his usual "small target" excuse, that to do so would endanger the cause of

3563:

Desiderius Erasmus dictating to his ammenuensis Gilbert Cousin or Cognatus. From a book by Cousin, and itself claimed to be based on fresco in Cousin's house in

16792: 9703: 9640: 4122:. French theologian Louis Bouyer commented "Erasmus was to be one of those who can get no edification from exegesis where they suspect some misinterpretation." 25840: 12438: 11376: 10195: 8136:, Studies in the Renaissance, Vol. 9 (1962), p. 174. Erasmus continued to report occasionally to the prior, who disputed the validity of the 1505 dispensation. 7005:"You are assuredly the Woman of renown: both heaven and earth and the succession of all the ages uniquely join to celebrate your praise in a musical concord. 14659: 10471:

For Erica Rummel "In content, Erasmian theology is characterized by a twin emphasis on inner piety and on the word as mediator between God and the believer."

3200:" staircase of Old Court. Despite a chronic shortage of money, he succeeded in mastering Greek by an intensive, day-and-night study of three years, taught by 24790: 16525: 842:. He developed a biblical humanistic theology in which he advocated the religious and civil necessity both of peaceable concord and of pastoral tolerance on 2821:

for his students, then to Orléans to escape the plague, and then to semi-monastic life, scholarly studies and writing in France, notably at the Benedictine

25036: 12288: 12187: 8856:

p 99: Ron takes this as an affirmation by Erasmus of the low nature of Turks; the alternative view would take it as a negative foil (applying the model of

8458:) opened, and all the world applauded, I advised my friends to stand aloof. I thought it would end in bloodshed...", Letter to Alberto Pío, 1525, in e.g., 7619:

The Erasmus Lectures are an annual lecture on religious subjects, given by prominent Christian (mainly Catholic) and Jewish intellectuals, most notably by

4187:

Erasmus' counter-accusation to Spanish friars of "Judaizing" may have been particularly sharp and bold, given the prominent role that some friars with the

4118:

and rhetorical theologian, with a philological and historical approach—rather than a metaphysical approach—to interpreting Scripture and interested in the

3681:, on his release from the newly introduced Inquisition. In 1525, a former student of Erasmus who had served at Erasmus' father's former church at Woerden, 13236: 8340:, arguing for the natural slavery of American Indians, had previously been Erasmus' opponent as well, initially supporting the anti-decadence of Erasmus' 8281:

It is reported that the commission of theologians Henry VIII assembled to identify the errors of Luther was made up of three of Erasmus' former students:

27394: 14070: 10628:, and his prizing of vehement assertions and insults. Erica Rummel notes "The similarities between his and Luther’s thought were of course superficial." 8744:), one is reminded that Erasmus remains underrated for his psychological insights in general and that he is perhaps overlooked as a pastoral theologian." 7467: 27369: 8132:

from his obligations "by the constitutions and ordinances, also by statutes and customs of the monastery of Stein in Holland", quoted in J. K. Sowards,

2730:, a young law student considering becoming a monk, whose thought (e.g., on conscience and equity) had been influenced by 14th century French theologian 887:

Second, his struggling years as a canon (a kind of semi-monk), a clerk, a priest, a failing and sickly university student, a would-be poet, and a tutor;

27259: 21528: 18989: 16024: 13717: 9603:: Being a monk is not piety but he adds ‘but a way of life that may be useful or not useful according to each man’s physical make-up and disposition’. 9529:

emerged, and not just pointing up its failings but questioning many of its basic teachings. He was the author of a series of publications, including a

967:

on which news grieving Gerard romantically took Holy Orders, only to find on his return that Margaretha was alive; many scholars dispute this account.

7145:. However, his other works, such as his several thousand letters, continue to be a vital source of information to historians of numerous disciplines. 6966:

We may distinguish four different lines of work, parallel with each other, and complementary. First, the establishing and critical elucidation of the

27249: 8145:

Undispensed illegitimacy had various effects under canon law: it was not possible to be ordained a secular priest or to hold benefices, for example.

7172:

Since the origin of Christianity there have been perhaps only two other men—St Augustine and Voltaire—whose influence can be paralleled with Erasmus.

27279: 17203: 13056: 12907: 7205: 27264: 27244: 25612: 22543: 22191: 10291:

in 1360, Erasmus of Rotterdam around 1490, spontaneously conceived a similar method to save Christian faith," i.e. a sceptical-about-scholasticism

4290: 17512: 16110: 11831: 8666:

could achieve a state of salvation without the priestly rites, provided their faith and spirit were attuned to God" (i.e., maintaining being in a

7248:. He suffered kidney stones from his time in Venice and, in late life, with gout In 1514, he suffered a fall from his horse and injured his back. 6338:

Here Erasmus complains of the doctrines and morals of the Reformers, applying the same critique he had made about public Scholastic disputations:

20273: 11038: 3208:

Renaissance medicine for gallstones, from which Erasmus suffered). As Queens' was an unusually humanist-leaning institution in the 16th century,

16299: 16177: 12991: 6962:

Historian William McCuaig commented "I have never read a work by him on any subject that was not at bottom a piece of evangelical literature."

6227: 22107: 21472: 18113: 15888: 14954:

Vale, Malcolm (6 November 2020). "Erasmus and his Books, by Egbertus van Gulik, tr. J.C. Grayson, ed. James K. McConica and Johannes Trapman".

12081:"Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church, Volume VII. Modern Christianity. The German Reformation - Christian Classics Ethereal Library" 9904:. Erasmus, in fact, combined Christianity with a nuanced Epicurean morality. This Epicureanism, when combined in turn with a commitment to the 9614: 7413: 7209: 17666: 15586: 13113: 12931:

The correspondence of Erasmus. Letters 2357 to 2471 August 1530-March 1531 / translated by Charles Fantazzi ; annotated by James M. Estes

11608:"Reforming Christianity in early sixteenth-century Italy: the Barnabites, the Somaschans, the Ursulines, and the hospitals for the incurables" 9954:"appears as a sceptic whose premise is the badness of man", while Erasmus is a sceptic whose general premise is "man is or can be made good." 9179:

James D.Tracy notes that mistrust of the Habsburg government in the general population (partially due to the fact Maximilian and his grandson

6067:, where he tied common ownership (such as practiced by his order's style of poverty) with the teachings of classical philosophers and Christ. 25858: 25298: 17467:"Review of Erasmus, Controversies: Collected Works of Erasmus, vol. 78, trans. Peter Matheson, Peter McCardle, Garth Tissol, and James Tracy" 13841: 11915:"Mirrors for secretaries: the tradition of advice literature and the presence of classical political theory in Italian secretarial treatises" 10183:"Why don't we all reflect: this must be a marvelous and new philosophy since, in order to reveal it to mortals, he who was god became man..." 7267:. Other doctors have diagnosed from his written descriptions ailments such as rheumatoid arthritis, enteric rheumatism and spondylarthritis. 6040:

These ideas widely influenced his generation of humanists, both Catholic and Protestant, and the lurid hyperbolic attacks in his half-satire

5805: 5056: 4587: 4013: 14731: 11861: 10578:

According to philosopher John Smith "The core of his theological thought he traced back to Christ’s Sermon on the Mount, rather than Paul."

8528:

His arthritic gout kept him housebound and unable to write: "Even on Easter Day I said mass in my bedroom." Letter to Nicolaus Olahus (1534)

5967:"I have constantly declared, in countless letters, booklets, and personal statements, that I do not want to be involved with either party." 27419: 21163: 11771: 11757:

Collected Works of Erasmus: Paraphrases on the Epistles to the Corinthians, Ephesians, Philippans, Colossians, and Thessalonians, Volume 43

8095:

Klein, Jan Willem; Simoni, Anna E.C. (1994). "Once more the manuscripts of Stein monastery and the copyists of the Erasmiana manuscripts".

7381: 6442:. Erasmus' writings shifted "an intellectual culture from logical disputation about things to quarrels about texts, contexts, and words." 3098: 2916: 985:

In 1478, at the age of 9 (or 12), he and his older brother Peter were sent to one of the best Latin schools in the Netherlands, located at

19046: 14983:

Sebastian Castellio, 1515-1563; Humanist and Defender of Religious Toleration in a Confessional Age; Translated and Edited by Bruce Gordon

13550: 12251: 9017:

Sider, Robert D. (31 December 2019). "A System or Method of Arriving by a Short Cut at True Theology by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam".

6571:

Erasmus did not have a metaphysical bone in his frail body, and had no real feeling for the philosophical concerns of scholastic theology.

5999:

he controversially put it "Monkishness is not piety." At this time, it was better to live as "a monk in the world" than in the monastery.

974:(where young Erasmus may have attended the local vernacular school to learn to read and write) and in 1476 was promoted to vice-curate of 25911: 23663: 19803: 12666: 8386: 7237:, a non-lethal type of Malaria which recurred numerous times for the rest of his life: he attributed his survival to the intercession of 4656:

Opposing this, Erasmus scholar Nathan Ron wrote that Erasmus denigrated Jews by his translation and publication of the complete works of

17536:

Pabel, Himer M. (2013). "Praise and Blame: Peter Canisius's ambivalent assessment of Erasmus". In Enenkel, Karl Alfred Engelbert (ed.).

15755: 12884: 7910:

put intense adolescent and early-adult friendships between monks as natural and useful steps towards "spiritual friendships", following

6911:

in a peacemaking fashion for peacemaking purposes; and any theology that promotes division and warmongering is thereby anti-Christian.

27364: 25833: 25682: 21638: 17288: 16231: 13401: 12536:

Le père du siècle: the early modern reception of Jean Gerson (1363-1429) theological authority between Middle Ages and early modern era

12282: 8884: 6280:

of your flock do not agree either with you or among themselves – indeed though you do not even agree with yourself, since in this same

3862:'s criticism of Erasmus) was arrested by the Spanish Inquisition and had to be ransomed from them by the humanist Archbishop of Toledo 3185:, though whether he actually was accepted for it or took it up is disputed. He studied and taught Greek and researched and lectured on 16503: 14629: 10351: 9408:"If only the Christian church did not attach so much importance to the Old Testament! It is a thing of shadows, given us for a time." 3859: 27409: 27389: 23590: 21480: 21264: 11378:

The Black Death and recurring plague during the late Middle Ages in the County of Hainaut: Differential impact and diverging recovery

10710: 10052:

Rice puts it "Philosophy is felt to be a veil of pretense over an unethical reality...pious disquisitions cannot excuse immorality."

7975:

Erasmus editor Harry Vredeveld argues that the letters are "surely expressions of true friendship", citing what Erasmus wrote in his

6214: 6153: 4417: 1020: 898:: as a prime influencer of European thought through his New Testament and increasing public opposition to aspects of Lutheranism, in 801: 419: 20259: 19349: 27379: 27254: 25029: 23601: 21560: 21224: 14215: 12088: 11340: 6735:, and must take as their model how Christ accommodated the disciples in his interactions with them, and accommodated humans in his 3182: 2568:

and started finding work as a tutor/chaperone to visiting English and Scottish aristocrats. There is no record of him graduating.

831: 21844: 13025: 6925:

explored): the view that Truth belongs to the exuberant, perhaps ecstatic, world of what is foolish, strange, unexpected and even

6112:

Erasmus was one of many scandalized by the sale of indulgences to fund Pope Leo X's projects. His view, given in a 1518 letter to

4085:

library of almost 500 books to Polish humanist Jan Łaski. One of the eventual recipients was the impoverished Protestant humanist

3874: 3841:

fell out of favour with the royal court and lost power within his own organization to friar-theologians. In 1532 Erasmus' friend,

3595:) who together published over 200 works with Erasmus, working with expert scholar-correctors who went on to illustrious careers. 27309: 21414: 14211:

The Reformation in Basel. Oecolampadius. History of the Christian Church, Volume VIII: Modern Christianity. The Swiss Reformation

13977:

Tracey, James (31 December 2010). "The Sponge of Erasmus against the Aspersions of Hutten/ Spongia adversus aspergines Hutteni".

8460: 3347:- Portrait of Peter Gillis or Gilles (1517), half of a diptych with a portrait of Erasmus below, painted as a gift from them for 25627: 20995: 17486: 7217: 6804:, and his view of ecclesiastical authorities—from priests like himself to Church Councils—as necessary mediating peace-brokers. 4657: 4119: 3399:

with an annuity of 200 guilders (over US$ 100,000), rarely paid, and tutored his brother, the teenage future Holy Roman Emperor

27269: 24301: 22584: 18697:

Moore, Michael Edward (13 March 2019). "Truth and Irony: Philosophical Meditations on Erasmus, by Terence J. Martin (Review)".

17808: 17758: 17247:"Erasmus, Luther and the Free Will Debate: Influencing the Philosophy of Management 500 Years on-whether we realise it or not!" 9726: 7670: 6003:

some attacked him, the more offensive he became about what he saw as their political influence and materialistic opportunism.

2686:

Erasmus stayed in England at least three times. In between he had periods studying in Paris, Orléans, Leuven and other cities.

18032: 17271: 15700: 15617: 13909: 11443: 10279:

Philosopher Étienne Gilson has noted "Confronted with the same failure of philosophy to rise above the order of formal logic,

8637:

on the (mostly successful) de-prohibition of Erasmus' works said that he died "as a Catholic having received the sacraments."

7936:

D. F. S. Thomson found two other similar contemporary examples of humanist monks using similar florid idiom in their letters.

7275: 7213: 27329: 25826: 22014: 20775: 20723:. University of Toronto Press, 240 pp. Draws parallels between the two thinkers as voices of moderation with relevance today. 20498: 19617: 18850: 18824: 18487: 18434: 18209: 18156:

Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels (Studies and Texts in Antiquity and Christianity 82

17948: 17902: 17449: 17417: 17308: 16760: 16729: 16646: 16591: 16497: 16338: 16171: 15847: 15738: 15676: 15215: 14598: 14385: 14304: 14258: 14165: 13994: 13885: 13804: 13634: 13606: 13527: 13495: 13362:"But for the Voice, the Likeness is Alive": Portraits of Erasmus of Rotterdam and Their Reception among Renaissance Humanists 12736: 12709: 12543: 12432: 12181: 12064: 11953: 11894: 11686: 11389: 11173: 11064:. Vol. 32, no. 1. The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Renaissance Society of America. pp. 73–76. 10820: 10364: 9554: 7535: 6033:,) the downplaying of monastic hours, fasts and ceremonies, and a less mendacious approach to gullible pilgrims and tenants. 1227: 12962: 11584: 8569:"I am so weary of this regionI feel that there is a conspiracy to kill meMany hope for war." Letter to Erasmus Schets (1534) 7012:

Both the Old and the New Testament, like two cherubim with wings joined and unanimous voices, repeatedly sing your praise.

3826: 3685:(Pistorius) was the first priest to be executed as a heretic in the Netherlands. In 1529, his French translator and friend 1069:

for over a year. Eventually Erasmus moved to the same abbey as a postulant in or before 1487, around the age of 16 (or 19.)

27359: 27339: 27334: 22184: 17367: 14869: 8125: 6789: 6191: 5880: 5847:.) Historians have noted that Erasmus commended the benefits of immersive, docile scripture-reading in sacramental terms. 3778: 3419: 3368:(pub. 1516) with Erasmus' encouragement, Erasmus editing and perhaps even contributing fragments. His old Cambridge friend 27289: 6630: 5944:

later emerged, had become so clear that many intellectuals and churchmen could not escape the summons to join the debate.

3147:"two lost years", perhaps due to self-censorship of dangerous or disgruntled opinions; he shared lodgings with his friend 67: 27429: 27424: 25361: 25022: 21240: 20989: 20942: 20930: 15493: 15017: 14339: 11193: 11034: 7042: 6597:"They can deal with any text of scripture as with a nose of wax, and knead it into what shape best suits their interest." 5438: 4344: 4311: 3449: 2806: 2782: 1146:, Colet, and Ammonio. No mentions or sexual accusations were ever made of Erasmus during his lifetime. His works notably 405: 20074: 19084: 15936: 12623:

Scheck, Thomas P. (June 2022). "Mark Vessey (ed.), Erasmus on Literature: His Ratio or 'System' of 1518/1519 (Review)".

11089: 8147:

Clarke, Peter (2005). "New sources for the history of the religious life: the registers of the Apostolic Penitentiary".

3472:. His friends and former students and old correspondents were the incoming political elite, and he had risen with them. 3117:

In 1510, Erasmus arrived at More's bustling house, was confined to bed to recover from his recurrent illness, and wrote

993:(St. Lebuin's Church). Towards the end of his stay there the curriculum was renewed by the new principal of the school, 982:

Peter's inheritance.) Historians who date his birth in 1466 have Erasmus in Utrecht at the choir school at this period.

23887: 22476: 22459: 22128: 21496: 20126: 17049: 14538: 14184: 12938: 8861: 8556: 7356: 7303:

Until Erasmus received his 1505 and 1517 Papal dispensations to wear clerical garb, Erasmus wore versions of the local

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One effect is that scriptural interpretation must be done starting with the teachings and interactions of Jesus in the

6731:

For Erasmus, accommodation is a universal concept: humans must accommodate each other, must accommodate the church and

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He assisted his friend John Colet by authoring Greek textbooks and securing members of staff for the newly established

2690: 2656: 1234: 1134:

While at Stein, 18-(or 21-)year-old Erasmus fell in unrequited love, forming what he called a "passionate attachment" (

21805: 11060:

Gleason, John B. (Spring 1979). "The Birth Dates of John Colet and Erasmus of Rotterdam: Fresh Documentary Evidence".

5895:, though Erasmus found the scholastic formulation of transubstantiation to stretch language past its breaking point. 5863:

A test of the Reformation was the doctrine of the sacraments, and the crux of this question was the observance of the

1226:

In 1493, his prior arranged for him to leave the Stein house and take up the post of Latin Secretary to the ambitious

23003: 22034: 21979: 21839: 20617: 20566: 20412: 19247: 18760: 18354: 18317: 18265: 17744: 17586: 17553: 17332: 17151: 16692: 15966: 15463: 15363: 14853: 12793:

Between Saint James and Erasmus: Studies in Late-Medieval Religious Life – Devotion and Pilgrimage in the Netherlands

12499:

Suzanne, Hélène (December 2014). "Conscience in the Early Renaissance: the case of Erasmus, Luther and Thomas More".

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public heretics’. Nowhere else was the destruction by Christian activists so unexpected, violent, swift and complete.

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Biographer James Tracy points to the antisemitic edge in Erasmus' uncharacteristically vituperative comments against

4366: 3377: 3337:

who introduced him to the Hebrew language in Mainz. In 1514, he suffered a fall from his horse and injured his back.

3225: 1238: 695: 27: 20952: 19635:"Art, history, and rheumatism: the case of Erasmus of Rotterdam 1466-1536 suffering from pustulotic arthro-osteitis" 12422: 10753: 10735: 10186: 8206:

Movingly remembering later, how Alexander would play the monochord, recorder or lute in the afternoon after studies.

4073:(the former cathedral). The Protestant city authorities remarkably allowed his funeral to be an ecumenical Catholic 1012: 26871: 24860: 24780: 24760: 21958: 21686: 21156: 19208: 18675: 16002: 15814: 15321: 14932: 14651: 13303: 12396: 10998: 9522: 9417:"To Erasmus, Judaism was obsolete. To Reuchlin, something of Judaism remained of continuing value to Christianity." 9313: 9157: 7557: 7476: 7395: 6656:, a life lived according to the teachings of Jesus taken as a spiritual-ethical-social-political-legal philosophy: 6048:

He believed the only vow necessary for Christians should be the vow of Baptism, and others such as the vows of the

5956: 4390: 3985:

for impeding Protestantism. Damião de Góis was tried before the Portuguese Inquisition at age 72, detained almost

2965: 2830: 62: 18001: 17018: 16793:"'Non monachus, sed demoniacus': Crime in Medieval Religious Communities in Western Europe, 12th – 15th Centuries" 16399: 13695: 13211: 12112:

THE REVISIONS OF THE ENGLISH HOLY BIBLE: Misunderstandings and Misconceptions about the English Bible Translations

11310: 10091: 9488: 8982: 8731:, 5000 florins could be between US$ 500,000 and US$ 5,000,000; 250 florins could be between $ 25,000 and $ 250,000 8620:(tr. F. Hopman and Barbara Flower; New York: Harper and Row, 1924), p. 190. with the "insider" interpretation of 7113: 5833:) considered as vocations more than events; and for the mysterious Eucharist, pragmatic Confession, the dangerous 3851: 3415: 756:

of translations, books, essays, prayers and letters, he is considered one of the most influential thinkers of the

27434: 26896: 26159: 25877: 25567: 25386: 23656: 23630: 23288: 23201: 22177: 21464: 20867: 14478: 12596: 12033: 9534: 7141: 6566:

Thomas Aquinas inspiring himself on Free Will from the writings of previous theologians such as Augustine. (1652)

5168: 4501: 3717: 3646:

In 1522, Erasmus' compatriot, former teacher (c. 1502) and friend from University of Louvain unexpectedly became

3400: 3082:, advised him which manuscripts to publish, and was an honorary member of the graecophone Aldine "New Academy" ( 2817:

Following his first trip to England, Erasmus returned first to poverty in Paris, where he started to compile the

1046:

satirizes them as the "Collationary Brethren" who select and sort boys for monkhood. He was exposed there to the

813: 22400: 20857:

Discusses both the Toronto translation and the entirely separate Latin edition published in Amsterdam since 1969

17780:

Leushuis, Reinier (2015). "The Paradox of Christian Epicureanism in Dialogue: Erasmus' Colloquy The Epicurean".

17695:

Roberts, Hugh (1 January 2006). "Dogs' Tales: Representations of Ancient Cynicism in French Renaissance Texts".

12168: 11724:

Forrest Tyler Stevens, "Erasmus's 'Tigress': The Language of Friendship, Pleasure, and the Renaissance Letter".

7259:

Various illnesses have been diagnosed of the skeletons claimed to be his, including pustulotic arthro-osteitis,

6151:

In 1520, Erasmus wrote that "Luther ought to be answered and not crushed." However, the publication of Luther's

27374: 27314: 27294: 26821: 25872: 22004: 21999: 21834: 21671: 21648: 21606: 21512: 21356: 21208: 20438: 20386: 20216: 16904:"The Influence of Erasmus upon Melanchthon, Luther and the Formula of Concord in the Doctrine of Justification" 14990: 13244: 11802: 9810: 7806: 7674: 6059:

for all believers, and with more than lip service: for example, the first adage of his reputation-establishing

4737: 4646: 3837:

In the 1530s, life became more dangerous for Spanish Erasmians when Erasmus' protector, the Inquisitor General

1058: 852:

all his life, remaining committed to reforming the church from within. He promoted the traditional doctrine of

819: 384: 199: 20798: 19472:"The Gout of Desiderius Erasmus and Willibald Pirckheimer: Medical Autobiography and Its Literary Reflections" 18290: 17630:

Gianoutsos, Jamie A. (4 May 2019). "Sapientia and Stultitia in John Colet's Commentary on First Corinthians".

10848: 10403:

Erasmus quoted "I have become all things to all men, that I might by all means save some." ( Cor. 9:22, RSV).

8428:

In his own house "Zur alten Treu" which Froben had bought in 1521 and fitted with Erasmus' required fireplace.

7907: 7508:

to solicit Erasmus's support for the Lutheran cause, which Erasmus politely declined. Erasmus wrote a glowing

7480: 7311:, Chapter of Sion, which varied by region and house, unless travelling: in general, a white or perhaps black 7081: 6124: 3598:

His initial interest in Froben's operation was aroused by his discovery of the printer's folio edition of the

1257:

from the vow of poverty to the extent of allowing Erasmus to hold certain benefices, and from the control and

26841: 26521: 25918: 25476: 24750: 24261: 23580: 23413: 23206: 23065: 22916: 21953: 21827: 21488: 21439: 20474: 19263:

Smith, David R (September 2005). "Portrait and Counter-Portrait in Holbein's The Family of Sir Thomas More".

18616:

Pabel, Hilmar M. (1995). "Promoting the Business of the Gospel: Erasmus' Contribution to Pastoral Ministry".

18087:

The Medium was the Message: Classical Rhetoric and the Materiality of Language from Empedocles to Shakespeare

14806: 9766: 9378: 9180: 4982: 4674: 3396: 3306: 3193: 3163: 3093:

In 1507, according to his letters, he studied advanced Greek in Padua with the Venetian natural philosopher,

1093:

Poverty had forced Erasmus into the consecrated life, entering the novitiate in 1487 at the canonry at rural

173: 145: 26937: 25086: 17841: 16201:"Erasmus' attitude to towards Islam in the light of Nicholas of Cusa's De pace fidei and Cribiatio alkorani" 11661: 10414:

Leushuis, Reinier (3 July 2017). "Emotion and Imitation: The Jesus Figure in Erasmus's Gospel Paraphrases".

9924:

Monfasani, John (2012). "Twenty-fifth Annual Margaret Mann Phillips Lecture: Erasmus and the Philosophers".

7957: 5633: 4829: 3436: 3317:, exposed Erasmus to much criticism from those ascetics, academics and clerics hostile to the principles of 2889:

himself offered his support. He was inclined, but eventually did not accept and longed for a stay in Italy.

2704:. There is no record of him gaining any degree. Erasmus was particularly impressed by the Bible teaching of 27304: 27299: 25896: 24820: 24689: 23555: 22009: 21679: 21009: 20609:

Contemporaries of Erasmus: a biographical register of the Renaissance and Reformation; volumes 1 - 3, A - Z

16629:

Williams, David (15 November 2022). "Sacramental Reading: Foxe's Book of Actes and Milton's Fifth Gospel".

9123: 8337: 7846: 7666: 7634: 5791: 5738: 3855: 3677:

In 1523, he provided financial support to the impoverished and disgraced former Latin Secretary of Antwerp

3221: 2969: 18451: 8362: 8013:

But also a capacity to feel betrayal sharply, as with his brother Peter, "Cantellius", Aleander, and Dorp.

7185:

Erasmus was given the sobriquet "Prince of the Humanists", and has been called "the crowning glory of the

6429: 5658: 3936: 3465: 3166:

which called for a reformation of ecclesiastical affairs. At Colet's instigation, Erasmus started work on

3048:

at age 37 (or 40.) Erasmus stayed tutoring in Bologna for a year; in the winter, Erasmus was present when

2723: 1143: 27344: 27284: 27229: 26796: 24122: 22967: 22924: 22454: 22444: 21810: 21775: 21592: 21576: 21407: 21381: 21232: 21149: 17303:, Peter Macardle, Clarence H. Miller, trans., Charles Trinkhaus, ed., University of Toronto Press, 1999, 17195: 15889:"Ad Fontes: Desiderius Erasmus' Call for a Return to the Sources of a Unified and Simple Christian Faith" 12899: 11216: 8634: 7596:

programme as a "key achievement": "Almost 640,000 people studied, trained or volunteered abroad in 2020."

7135: 6812:

For Erasmus, further to accommodating humans in his Incarnation, Christ accommodated humans by a kind of

6724:

Historian Manfred Hoffmann has described accommodation as "the single most important concept in Erasmus'

5478: 4685: 3629:, Erasmus' long-researched project of philological notes of the New Testament along the lines of Valla's 3159: 1039: 763:

Erasmus was an important figure in classical scholarship who wrote in a spontaneous, copious and natural

398: 13048: 10620:

This is quite contrary to Luther's privileging of his scheme of justification, its associated verses of

10482:

However, this may go too far: "The Christian Faith does not recognize either inlibration or inverbation"

9906: 8519:, the humanist preacher who had led the efforts in Basel to resist Œcolampadius. Emerton (1889), p.449. 8043:

The position of Latin Secretary to some great churchman or prince had a long and distinguished history:

7939: 6070:

His main Catholic opposition, during had been from scholars in the mendicant orders. He purported that "

3733:

In Spring early 1530 Erasmus was bedridden for three months with an intensely painful infection, likely

3548: 27399: 26947: 26886: 25849: 25775: 25652: 25003: 23649: 22929: 22594: 22559: 22355: 21963: 21614: 21536: 21434: 21097: 20691: 20049: 17507: 16102: 11943: 10873: 7646: 6736: 6263: 5912: 5668: 4814: 4650: 4271:

In the latter, Lady Peace insists on peace as the crux of Christian life and for understanding Christ:

3457: 3441: 1106: 1034:

In 1484, around the age 14 (or 17), he and his brother went to a cheaper grammar school or seminary at

360: 26710: 26690: 24266: 20628:

Encounters with a Radical Erasmus. Erasmus' Work as a Source of Radical Thought in Early Modern Europe

20579: 17864: 10971:"Erasmus as Adolescent: "Shipwrecked am I, and lost, 'mid waters chill'": Erasmus to Sister Elisabeth" 8508: 7189:". He has also been called "the most illustrious rhetorician and educationalist of the Renaissance". 5418: 4465:, Erasmus concludes that truth is furthered by a more harmonious relationship between interlocutors." 3773:

in Sweden and the Ethiopian church, and stimulated Erasmus' increasing awareness of foreign missions.

1265:, though he remained a priest and, formally, an Augustinian canon regular the rest his life. In 1517, 27404: 24890: 24840: 23770: 23148: 22609: 22059: 22043: 21918: 21765: 20607: 19756: 19682:

Appelboom, T.; Rouffin, C.; Vanherweghem, J. L.; Vanden Branden, J. P.; Ehrlich, G. (December 1986).

18395: 18170: 16293: 16161: 15640: 14797: 14534:

Secret lives, public lies: the conversos and socio-religious non-conformism in the Spanish Golden Age

12985: 11026: 9237:"...in large part half-Christian and perhaps nearer to true Christianity than most of our own folk." 8290:

The lost Reformation: Why Lutheranism failed in England during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI

6871: 6712:

In the view of literary historian Chester Chapin, Erasmus' tendency of thought was "towards cautious

5563: 5368: 4028:

having died, and private practice of his religion now possible) and saw his last major works such as

3928: 2643: 2599: 994: 466: 20014: 15873:

Adiaphora and the Apocalypse: Protestant Moral Rhetoric of Ritual at the End of History (1990 –2003)

11091:

The Epistles of Erasmus: from his earliest letters to his fifty-first year arranged in order of time

7739:

Vollerthun and Richardson suggest three phases, grouping the first two quarters for their purposes.

7649:

is an "international, interdisciplinary Bachelor of Science programme in Liberal Arts and Sciences."

7093: 6370:

Erasmus wrote books against aspects of the teaching, impacts or threats of several other Reformers:

5827:, and their ramifications: notably for the underappreciated sacraments of Baptism and Marriage (see 4360: 4016:(sister of his former student Archduke Ferdinand I and Emperor Charles V), to move from Freiburg to 1221:

Latin Secretaries became a significant part of Erasmus' later network of correspondents and friends.

990: 27349: 27324: 27319: 26861: 26054: 25946: 25889: 25279: 25101: 25076: 24880: 24830: 24639: 23929: 23266: 23196: 23017: 22782: 22711: 22706: 22405: 21817: 21742: 20915: 20891: 20536: 15558: 15234:

Chester, Stephen (April 2008). "When the Old Was New: Reformation Perspectives on Galatians 2:16".

13105: 12878: 12869: 10668:"Erasmus saw the scholastic exercise, in its high intellectualism, as fundamentally wrong-headed." 10625: 7706: 7655: 7489: 7404: 7233:

Erasmus was a quite sickly man and frequently worked from his sickbed. As a teenager he contracted

6903:

treats the primary and initial teaching of Jesus in the first Gospel as a theological methodology.

6702: 5083: 4839: 4809: 4495:

Erasmus had been involved in early attempts to protect Luther and his sympathisers from charges of

4286:

A historian has called him "The 16th Century's Pioneer of Peace Education and a Culture of Peace".

3886: 3506: 3423: 3314: 3255: 3140: 2866: 1254: 460: 309: 20: 20548: 19307: 17521: 16042: 13833: 10266: 7216:

in Vallodolid Spain, in 1527 found him not to be a heretic, and he was sponsored and protected by

6978:

properly so called, in which these two fundamental researches yield their fruit; and finally, the

6506:

forth in Sacred Scripture or whatever has been handed down to us by the authority of the Church.

1230:, Henry of Bergen, on account of his great skill in Latin and his reputation as a man of letters. 27384: 26972: 26916: 26836: 26232: 25053: 24960: 24271: 23463: 23178: 23118: 23110: 22807: 22802: 22589: 22574: 22439: 22134: 21568: 21288: 20999: 20575: 20162: 19974: 19888: 15346:

Dunkelgrün, Theodor (16 November 2017). "The Christian Study of Judaism in Early Modern Europe".

14723: 11853: 10699: 9530: 8408: 8329: 7691: 6137: 5933: 5673: 5303: 4930: 4792: 4579: 4265: 4029: 3838: 3666: 3635: 3384: 3174: 2758: 2631: 2554: 1052: 825: 784: 412: 391: 355: 299: 24624: 16475: 11969:

Klein, Jan Willem (21 June 2018). "Copyist B of the Erasmiana Manuscripts in Gouda Identified".

11755: 10517:, that each biblical book requires a different mode of proceeding as history, law, lyric, etc. 7304: 5403: 4393:, whom Erasmus blamed for allegedly preventing the Netherlands from signing a peace treaty with 3873:

There was a generational change in the Catholic hierarchy. In 1530, the reforming French bishop

27057: 27022: 26856: 26475: 25976: 25667: 24246: 24158: 23060: 22879: 22496: 22491: 22200: 22091: 21984: 21719: 21400: 21248: 21200: 21019: 21005: 20905: 20881: 20700:

Biblical Criticism in Early Modern Europe: Erasmus, the Johannine Comma, and Trinitarian Debate

20323: 19773:

Shoes, Boots, Leggings, and Cloaks: The Augustinian Canons and Dress in Later Medieval England

19322: 19038: 18234: 12346:

Pacifism in the English Renaissance, 1497-1530: John Colet, Erasmus, Thomas More and J.L. Vives

12213: 11819: 8487: 7917: 7871: 7612:

is one of Europe's foremost recognitions for culture, society or social science. It was won by

6284:

you say one thing in the beginning and something else later on, recanting what you said before.

6164: 5925: 5872: 5593: 5228: 4965: 4634: 4340: 3702: 3552: 3539: 3326: 3155:' compound, skipping out after a disagreement with the friars over rent that caused bad blood. 3132: 2770: 2735: 2672: 503: 449: 26891: 26851: 26811: 17389: 17374: 17322: 17139: 16615: 12658: 11901: 11154:

Mansfield, Bruce (6 May 2003). "Erasmus in the Twentieth Century: Interpretations 1920-2000".

8378: 5936:

in Latin and Greek (1516). The issues between the reforming and reactionary tendencies of the

3196:

while lecturing at the university, between 1511 and 1515. Erasmus' rooms were located in the "

2535: 168: 27234: 26982: 26901: 26770: 26765: 26715: 26192: 26035: 25884: 25622: 25557: 25371: 25230: 25066: 24965: 24955: 24850: 24376: 24331: 23834: 23595: 23550: 23488: 23478: 22817: 22681: 22526: 22516: 22501: 22449: 21898: 21893: 21794: 21770: 21656: 21584: 19721:

Appelboom, T. (1 June 2004). "Art and history: a large research avenue for rheumatologists".

18580:

Jarrott, C. A. L. (1964). "Erasmus' "In Principio Erat Sermo": A Controversial Translation".

17226: 15837: 15381:"ארסמוס והיהודים – מחקר פסיכו-היסטורי / Erasmus and the Jews — a Psychohistoric Reëvaluation" 14708: 14702: 13517: 10745: 10621: 10284: 9540: 8857: 8621: 7767:

was a scholarly name meaning "from Rotterdam", though the Latin toponymic adjective would be

7575: 6455: 6395: 5458: 5163: 5103: 5078: 4886: 4222:

He (Christ) conquered by gentleness; He conquered by kindness; he conquered by truth itself

4178: 3977:, who he had known as a teenaged student in Paris and Cambridge, was later imprisoned in the 3340: 3002: 2822: 2694: 27027: 20512: 20484: 19106: 18809:

Biblical Commentary and Translation in Later Medieval England: Experiments in Interpretation

16833: 16539:

Tylenda, Joseph N. (December 1971). "Book Review: Erasmus: His Theology of the Sacraments".

16267: 16200: 16133: 16058: 11854:"Desiderius Erasmus, Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest and theologian (1466-1536)" 9327: 8876: 6652:, The Education of a Christian Prince and the Colloquies, Erasmus developed his idea of the 6523:

Erasmus wrote in terms of a tri-partite nature of man, with the soul the seat of free will:

5468: 5443: 4999: 4453:

Certain works of Erasmus laid a foundation for religious toleration of private opinions and

1277:

granted, for health reasons, a dispensation to eat meat and dairy in Lent and on fast days.

791:, with annotations and commentary that were immediately and vitally influential in both the 27239: 27158: 27128: 27077: 26755: 26640: 26570: 26360: 26335: 26315: 26295: 26257: 26252: 26217: 26099: 25993: 25760: 25755: 25692: 25637: 25441: 25396: 25331: 25091: 25081: 25045: 24970: 24770: 24231: 23585: 23030: 22962: 22905: 22889: 22874: 22854: 22812: 22686: 22531: 22521: 22506: 22471: 22466: 22434: 21069: 21068:( Publication series: Exhibitions on the History of Nonviolent Resistance, No. 1, Editors: 21066:"War is sweet to those who have no experience of it ..." - Protest against Violence and War 20984: 20470: 16479: 13397: 13385: 12873: 9526: 9386: 9343: 9118:

Erasmus was not out-of-step with opinion within the church: Archbishop Bernard II Zinni of

8504: 7899:

However, note that such crushes or bromances may not have been scandalous at the time: the

6081:

Erasmus did also have significant support and contact with reform-minded friars, including

6056: 6049: 5558: 5348: 5313: 5283: 5253: 5223: 5118: 5014: 4834: 4824: 4745: 4700: 4670: 4515: 4511: 4001: 3713: 3475:

He stayed in various locations including Anderlecht (near Brussels) in the summer of 1521.

2994: 2701: 2459: 1098: 1094: 1086: 1062: 975: 919:

on 27 or 28 October ("the vigil of Simon and Jude") in the late 1460s. He was named after

757: 350: 304: 283: 270: 90: 27143: 26675: 24569: 24356: 24291: 23228: 20673: 16574:

Sider, Robert (31 December 2020). Sider, Robert D. (ed.). "Erasmus on the New Testament".

16421:

Cohen, Jeremy (15 August 2022). "3. The Latin West: From Augustine to Luther and Calvin".

15196:

The Cambridge History of the Bible: Volume 2: The West from the Fathers to the Reformation

15012: 14625: 14615: 12688:

Tinelli, Elisa (January 2018). "Erasmus' Panegyricus ad Philippum Austriae ducem (1504)".

11531:

Demolen, Richard L. (1973). "Erasmus' Commitment to the Canons Regular of St. Augustine".

10702: 8503:

He spent the first two years in Freiburg as a guest of the city in the unfinished mansion

8051:. The position was important but not lucrative, unless a stepping-stone to other offices. 6405:

However, Erasmus maintained friendly relations with other Protestants, notably the irenic

6390:

Responsio ad fratres Inferioris Germaniae ad epistolam apologeticam incerto autoreproditam

6226:

situation worse for all, especially for the humanist reform agenda. He eventually chose a

5653: 4554: 3712:, left Basel on the 13 April 1529 and departed by ship to the Catholic university town of 3204:, continuously begging in letters that his friends send him books and money for teachers. 1200: 528: 8: 27133: 27097: 27067: 26831: 26735: 26575: 26536: 26516: 26444: 26330: 26139: 25982: 25969: 25958: 25662: 25582: 25451: 25195: 25149: 25106: 24810: 24371: 24316: 24236: 24178: 24061: 23956: 23686: 23570: 23271: 23143: 23022: 22691: 22614: 22604: 22481: 22365: 22360: 22157: 21923: 21755: 21629: 21622: 21330: 21123: 21054: 20452: 20144: 19342:"Christian History 145 Erasmus: Christ's humanist by Christian History Institute - Issuu" 19341: 18310:

Collected works of Erasmus: an introduction with Erasmus' prefaces and ancillary writings

17441:

The Hybrid Reformation: A Social, Cultural, and Intellectual History of Contending Forces

15271:

The Hybrid Reformation: A Social, Cultural, and Intellectual History of Contending Forces

13476:"On Good Government: Erasmus's Institutio Principis Christiani versus Lipsius's Politica" 12214:"Theologians and Their Bellies: The Erasmian Epithet Theologaster during the Reformation" 7866: 7129: 7127:

The only works with enduring popularity in modern time are his satires and semi-satires:

6930: 6921: 6883: 6678:

Useful "philosophy" needed to be limited to (or re-defined as) the practical and moral:

6603: 6326: 5983: 5960: 5823:

Erasmus expressed much of his reform program in terms of the proper attitude towards the

5623: 5493: 5373: 5308: 5113: 5041: 4920: 4909: 4844: 4642: 4401: 4188: 4086: 4081: 3913: 3755: 3727: 3690: 3526: 3502: 3407: 3296: 3288: 3038: 2846: 2676: 2627: 2531: 1035: 1024: 807: 796: 538: 533: 523: 377: 178: 27178: 26635: 25506: 18959:

Understanding and Presence: The Literary Achievement of the Early Modern Sermon (Thesis)

18935:

Dialogues between Faith and Reason: The Death and Return of God in Modern German Thought

16875: 14209: 13568: 12080: 11332: 8667: 7544:

Canterbury Cathedral, England has a statue of Erasmus on the North Face, placed in 1870.

7417:

Quinten Metsys (Massijs), medal commissioned by Desiderius Erasmus. 1519, bronze, 105 mm

5548: 5508: 5463: 3055: 2861: 884:

First was his medieval Dutch childhood, ending with his being orphaned and impoverished;

27208: 27148: 26760: 26700: 26670: 26585: 26580: 26449: 26345: 26242: 26222: 26182: 26124: 26089: 26084: 25928: 25795: 25750: 25709: 25704: 25597: 25431: 25411: 25341: 25220: 25200: 24930: 24589: 24554: 24464: 23991: 23824: 23775: 23560: 23518: 23428: 23393: 23168: 23133: 23035: 22977: 22939: 22934: 22770: 22760: 22564: 22536: 22486: 22277: 22237: 22099: 22083: 22075: 22051: 21943: 21869: 21663: 21456: 21216: 21135: 20848: 20840: 19951: 19943: 19659: 19634: 19546: 19491: 19452: 19400: 19280: 19200: 18856: 18733: 18714: 18667: 18589: 18532: 18360: 18275: 18271: 18253: 18215: 18054:

Essary, Kirk (2016). "Fiery Heart and Fiery Tongue: Emotion in Erasmus' Ecclesiastes".

17993: 17750: 17712: 17647: 17010: 17002: 16939: 16931: 16597: 16556: 16519: 16391: 16383: 16223: 15994: 15806: 15682: 15578: 15400: 15313: 15251: 15162: 15088: 15037: 14924: 14826: 14818: 14470: 14391: 14310: 14264: 14128: 13955: 13771: 13687: 13679: 13371:

Ingenium et labor. Studia ofiarowane Profesorowi Antoniemu Ziembie z okazji 60. urodzin

13295: 13177: 13150: 12804: 12640: 12588: 12481: 12388: 12376: 12243: 12025: 11986: 11627: 11556: 11548: 11302: 11255: 11065: 10990: 10938: 10878: 10561: 10510: 10431: 10328: 10165: 10083: 9480: 9297: 9220:"The Non-Cosmopolitan Erasmus: An Examination of his Turkophobic/Islamophobic Rhetoric" 9149: 9040: 8974: 8813: 8710: 8252: 8165:

Subsequent students included Ignatius of Loyola, Noël Béda, Jean Calvin, and John Knox.

7916:

The correct direction of passionate love was also a feature of the spirituality of the

7903: 7857:, these ... associations did not emphasise the institutional aspect of religious life." 7687: 7526: 7186: 6793: 6582: 6174: 6133: 6094: 6030: 5892: 5766: 5693: 5318: 5298: 5268: 5218: 5093: 5088: 5036: 4851: 4445: 4386: 3867: 3863: 3678: 3380:. However, in 1517, his great friend Ammonio died in England of the Sweating Sickness. 3365: 3271: 3267: 3151:(Latin secretary to Mountjoy, and the next year, to Henry VIII) provided at the London 3030: 1188: 1110: 998: 934: 741: 729: 543: 493: 247: 26942: 26600: 26501: 24539: 23323: 23276: 15871: 15701:"The Field of Cloth of Gold | Hampton Court Palace | Historic Royal Palaces" 15385:

Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies / דברי הקונגרס העולמי למדעי היהדות

13935: 13017: 8633:

This assertion is contradicted by Gonzalo Ponce de Leon speaking in 1595 at the Roman

8407:

Rhenanus shared many humanist contacts from Paris and Strassburg: a former student of

7493:

1523. Erasmus used the Holbein portraits as gifts for his friends in England, such as

7485:

Erasmus frequently gifted portraits and medals with his image to friends and patrons.

7075:) was to make notes on whatever he was reading, categorized by theme: he carted these 6008:

to it, haranguing them in their Sermons, that it is a just, holy and religious War. "

5398: 4630:

suggests that it is probable Erasmus never actually encountered a (practicing) Jew.

4217:"the angels sang not the glories of war, nor a song of triumph, but a hymn of peace.": 3022:

was a major event in his career and prompted Erasmus to study the New Testament using

27138: 27123: 27012: 26876: 26816: 26750: 26745: 26740: 26661: 26630: 26610: 26496: 26454: 26434: 26350: 26310: 26285: 26174: 26144: 26094: 26079: 25807: 25730: 25697: 25677: 25647: 25642: 25511: 25486: 25466: 25461: 25436: 25326: 25311: 25258: 25215: 25187: 24719: 24619: 24584: 24409: 24386: 24381: 24256: 23872: 23862: 23711: 23696: 23672: 23620: 23616: 23498: 23483: 23153: 23100: 23080: 22982: 22972: 22899: 22728: 22718: 22511: 22299: 22219: 21938: 21822: 21760: 21599: 20963: 20852: 20832: 20771: 20613: 20562: 20494: 20458: 20434: 20408: 20382: 20343: 19955: 19935: 19811: 19738: 19703: 19695: 19664: 19613: 19554: 19538: 19499: 19483: 19444: 19392: 19284: 19243: 19192: 18967: 18846: 18820: 18756: 18718: 18659: 18524: 18483: 18430: 18407: 18350: 18313: 18261: 18219: 18205: 18085: 17985: 17944: 17740: 17716: 17651: 17582: 17549: 17478: 17445: 17413: 17328: 17304: 17246: 17147: 17014: 16994: 16943: 16923: 16756: 16688: 16642: 16601: 16587: 16560: 16493: 16395: 16375: 16334: 16227: 16167: 15962: 15843: 15734: 15672: 15582: 15459: 15392: 15359: 15305: 15255: 15211: 15166: 15092: 15041: 14986: 14916: 14849: 14830: 14594: 14506:

The life and career of Thomas Boleyn (1477–1539): courtier, ambassador, and statesman

14462: 14395: 14381: 14335: 14314: 14300: 14268: 14254: 14161: 14120: 13990: 13959: 13881: 13800: 13763: 13691: 13671: 13630: 13602: 13523: 13491: 13475: 13427: 13287: 13182: 12934: 12808: 12732: 12705: 12644: 12580: 12539: 12516: 12473: 12428: 12380: 12247: 12235: 12177: 12170:

Printing and Reading Italian Latin Humanism in Renaissance Europe (ca. 1470-ca. 1540)

12115: 12060: 11990: 11949: 11890: 11798: 11761: 11682: 11619: 11560: 11503: 11385: 11294: 11247: 11169: 10982: 10896:

Avarucci, Giuseppe (1983). "Due codici scritti da 'Gerardus Helye' padre di Erasmo".

10882: 10816: 10565: 10435: 10360: 10280: 10169: 10075: 10040: 9990: 9855: 9702:, wrote "The poison of Erasmus has a much more dangerous effect than that of Luther" 9550: 9472: 9305: 9289: 9141: 9044: 9030: 8850:

The Non-Cosmopolitan Erasmus: An Examination of his Turkophobic/Islamophobic Rhetoric

8702: 8698: 8512: 8375:

England, Flanders, France, and Germany, but even in Poland and Hungary..." quoted in

8244: 7995: 7783: 7756: 7640:

It has the Erasmus Institute for Philosophy and Economics (EIPE), which produces the

7586: 7571: 7530: 7245: 7056: 6820:

spiritual more than academic exercise. Erasmus' has been called rhetorical theology (

6585:: in particular the curriculum and systematic methods of the post-Aquinas Schoolmen ( 6581:

He usually eschewed metaphysical, epistemological and logical philosophy as found in

6539: 6374: 6367:

was "was precisely what Erasmus disliked about Luther" and "Protestant polemicists."

6086: 6071: 5888: 5778: 5678: 5603: 5588: 5583: 5553: 5523: 5488: 5483: 5408: 5338: 5248: 5019: 4782: 4704: 4680:

Unusually for a Christian theologian of any time, he perceived and championed strong

4542: 4469: 4394: 4294:

religious ideal—constantly aspired to if seldom attained—was peace and mutual love."

4213: 4115: 3970: 3966: 3898: 3830: 3761:

Despite increasing frailty Erasmus continued to work productively, notably on a new

3588: 3494: 3330: 3292: 3243: 2952: 2810: 2639: 2611: 2475: 1262: 1192: 1016: 930: 920: 737: 553: 345: 335: 26957: 26866: 26695: 26685: 25381: 24489: 24183: 23123: 20645:

Exploiting Erasmus: The Erasmian Legacy and Religious Change in Early Modern England

18154:

Townsend, Philippa; Denzey Lewis, Nicola; Jenott, Lance; Iricinschi, Eduard (2013).

17754: 17734: 17466: 14581:

Erasmus, Desiderius (31 December 2021). Estes, James M.; Dalzell, Alexander (eds.).

11927: 11914: 11795:

Richard III's books: ideals and reality in the life and library of a medieval prince

9730: 9216:

such nefarious activities, and regarded them as inseparable from waging a crusade."

8817: 8786:

Visser, Arnoud (2017). "Irreverent Reading: Martin Luther as Annotator of Erasmus".

7500: 7456: 6751:"In the beginning was the Word" more like "In the beginning was Speech: using Latin 5643: 5448: 3959: 3461: 3395:). Regarding the last, Erasmus had accepted an honorary position as a Councillor to 3259: 3074:

Erasmus travelled on to Venice, working on an expanded version of his Adagia at the

2778: 1196: 1164: 1028: 27047: 27042: 26967: 26952: 26932: 26720: 26645: 26506: 26390: 26375: 26355: 26300: 26280: 26267: 26212: 26104: 25936: 25632: 25617: 25562: 25552: 25446: 25376: 25366: 25253: 25238: 25061: 24975: 24649: 24609: 24599: 24549: 24534: 24524: 24484: 24444: 24434: 24311: 24281: 24241: 24127: 23963: 23941: 23731: 23721: 23523: 23386: 23356: 23346: 23341: 23238: 23223: 22869: 22765: 22599: 22419: 22390: 22329: 22267: 21933: 21913: 21877: 21750: 21183: 20972: 20824: 20741: 20335: 20237: 19927: 19730: 19654: 19646: 19605: 19582: 19530: 19384: 19303: 19276: 19272: 19235: 19184: 19004: 18963: 18938: 18915: 18887: 18812: 18706: 18625: 18562: 18516: 18475: 18342: 18197: 18063: 18024: 17977: 17936: 17789: 17704: 17639: 17612: 17574: 17541: 17405: 17176: 17121: 17092: 16986: 16915: 16856: 16680: 16634: 16579: 16548: 16485: 16426: 16367: 16326: 16215: 15798: 15726: 15570: 15451: 15428: 15351: 15274: 15243: 15203: 15154: 15123: 15080: 15069:"Two Erasmuses and Two Luthers: Erasmus' strategy in defense of De libero arbitrio" 15029: 14963: 14810: 14765: 14621: 14586: 14510: 14454: 14423: 14373: 14292: 14246: 14153: 13982: 13947: 13901: 13873: 13663: 13594: 13483: 13447: 13439: 13393: 13279: 13203: 13172: 13162: 12796: 12697: 12632: 12572: 12508: 12372: 12293: 12225: 12142: 12017: 11978: 11922: 11540: 11435: 11363:

Geloven in de Lage landen; scharniermomenten in de geschiedenis van het Christendom

11286: 11161: 10868: 10860: 10808: 10785: 10656: 10553: 10423: 10262: 10157: 10067: 9982: 9933: 9847: 9464: 9022: 8803: 8795: 8694: 8648: 8516: 8294: 8104: 7620: 7451: 7373: 7036: 6891: 6482:(rhetoric, political education, syncretism.) However, his Christianized version of 6090: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5683: 5613: 5538: 5363: 5273: 5178: 5153: 5123: 4891: 4799: 4662: 4149: 4017: 3974: 3955: 3882: 3738: 3709: 3686: 3530: 3518: 3448:

arriving at left. The figure on horseback with raised sword ahead of Henry VIII is

3430: 3318: 3251: 2986: 2956: 2948: 2936: 2924: 2774: 2766: 2635: 2530:

In 1495 with Bishop Henry's consent and a stipend, Erasmus went on to study at the

2487: 1212: 1184: 753: 745: 628: 548: 498: 33: 27163: 27052: 26791: 26590: 24644: 20000:

Erasmus, Europe and Cosmopolitanism: the Humanist Image and Message in his Letters

19734: 17940: 17894: 17643: 17079:

van Kooten, George; Payne, Matthew; Rex, Richard; Bloemendal, Jan (6 March 2024).

16721: 15207: 12312: 11502:, Translated by Clarence H. Miller, University of Toronto Press, pp. xiv–xv, 10427: 8598:

and formally complaining about the protestantized English translation of Erasmus'

8226: 7795:"Poverty stricken, suffering from quartan fever, and pressurized by his guardians" 7063:'s household has been called "the first real biography in the real modern sense." 5855: 4430: 3274: • Jan van Borssele • Jean de Neve • 1109:. In 1488–1490, the surrounding region was plundered badly by armies fighting the 844: 27173: 27062: 26997: 26987: 26911: 26806: 26801: 26705: 26680: 26511: 26491: 26464: 26459: 26429: 26370: 26114: 25941: 25740: 25416: 25406: 25401: 25316: 25284: 25274: 24925: 24920: 24684: 24629: 24614: 24594: 24574: 24529: 24504: 24414: 24366: 24351: 24251: 24211: 24102: 24097: 23924: 23812: 23726: 23701: 23530: 23513: 23468: 23458: 23403: 23376: 23313: 23308: 23293: 23218: 22954: 22944: 22579: 22569: 22370: 22247: 22120: 21323: 20488: 20448: 20291: 19757:"Four canons with Sts Augustine and Jerome by an open grave, with the Visitation" 19230:

Tello, Joan (25 January 2023). "Catalogue of the Works of Erasmus of Rotterdam".

17516: 17324:

Erasmus and the Middle Ages: The Historical Consciousness of a Christian Humanist

16860: 16255: 16082:

Remer, Gary (1989). "Rhetoric and the Erasmian Defense of Religious Toleration".

15574: 14329: 14071:"Pope Adrian VI, the 'Barbarian From the North' Who Wanted to Reform the Vatican" 13790: 12954: 12726: 12701: 11884: 11575: 11497: 10933:

Vredeveld, Harry (Winter 1993). "The Ages of Erasmus and the Year of his Birth".

10757: 10739: 9851: 9799:"Hercules, Silenus and the Fly: Lucian's Rhetorical Paradoxes in Erasmus' Ethics" 9546: 9339: 9251:

Remer, Gary (1989). "Rhetoric and the Erasmian Defense of Religious Toleration".

9202:

commended that the punishment of the early church for heresy was excommunication.

8670:) noting Erasmus' stipulation that this was "as the (Catholic) Church believes." 8416: 8412: 8129: 7989: 7121: 6590: 6542:, Erasmus was the first modern scholar "to note the similarities between Plato's 6494: 6410: 5937: 5929: 5703: 5663: 5608: 5543: 5533: 5503: 5498: 5473: 5428: 5413: 5393: 5333: 5278: 5208: 5143: 4382: 4352: 4152:

against which the failures of Christian culture can be exposed and criticized."

4040: 3978: 3951: 3935:, who Erasmus and More had first met as a boy. Despite illness Erasmus wrote the 3847: 3751: 3615: 3522: 3498: 3490: 3411: 3369: 3334: 3284: 3275: 2944: 2647: 2607: 2561: 2553:

humanism. For instance, Erasmus became an intimate friend of an Italian humanist

2458:

Erasmus traveled widely and regularly, for reasons of poverty, "escape" from his

1172: 1160: 1123: 1047: 1009:(Rotterdam?) where he was supported by Berthe de Heyden, a compassionate widow. 849: 768: 733: 598: 518: 508: 455: 26605: 18957: 16489: 16219: 15432: 15194:

Bouyer, Louis (1969). "Erasmus in Relation to the Medieval Biblical Tradition".

13139: 12842:, Ed. H.M. Allen, (Oxford University Press, 1937), Ep. 3032: 219–22; 2682: 8–13. 12821:

Murray, Stuart. 2009. The library: an illustrated history. Chicago, ALA Editions

12576: 12512: 12021: 9657:

connotes more than just good, but also moral, honest and brave literature. Such

8365:

had similar values. However, there is no single modern equivalent exchange rate.

8122: 4637:

could not be sustained in Erasmus' public writings. Erasmus was (theologically)

4605:

However, there is a wide range of scholarly opinion on the extent and nature of

2881:'s house, now a lawyer and Member of Parliament, honing his translation skills. 1219: • Pierre Barbier • Lambert Grunnius (fictitious) 27002: 26977: 26906: 26846: 26620: 26615: 26595: 26550: 26385: 26380: 26325: 26247: 26227: 26164: 26040: 25901: 25818: 25602: 25547: 25336: 25157: 24980: 24870: 24800: 24699: 24674: 24544: 24514: 24474: 24439: 24296: 24221: 24206: 24201: 24092: 24082: 23792: 23743: 23503: 23493: 23433: 23381: 23318: 23213: 23138: 23095: 23075: 22864: 22740: 22701: 22395: 22385: 22380: 22304: 21788: 21729: 21724: 21552: 21520: 20959: 20514:

Erasmus and the Age of Reformation,with a Selection from the Letters of Erasmus

20508: 20100: 18860: 18840: 18566: 17301:

Collected Works of Erasmus, Controversies: De Libero Arbitrio / Hyperaspistes I

16684: 16552: 15802: 15423:

Ron, Nathan (2019). "Erasmus' and Las Casas' Conception of Barbarian Peoples".

13443: 13428:"Erasmus: The 16th Century's Pioneer of Peace Education and a Culture of Peace" 12297: 11577:

Imitations of Christ: Ignatius of Loyola, Philip Neri and the influence of the

10749:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 10 August 2019 from New Advent: 10557: 10161: 9910:

as well as with an allergy to dogmatic formulations and an appreciation of the

9883: 9678: 9670: 9662: 9368: 9360: 9119: 9004: 8613: 8494:, op. cit., p26, says that Œcolampadius wanted to drive Erasmus from the city. 8451: 8438: 8048: 8026: 7752: 7600: 7579: 7519: 7503:

also produced portraits of Erasmus, whom he met three times, in the form of an

7494: 7400: 7389: 7365: 7333: 7256:(which had killed his parents) but several others diagnosed as not the plague. 7117: 6797: 6418: 5868: 5698: 5688: 5513: 5433: 5423: 5293: 5233: 4987: 4960: 4925: 4861: 4774: 4627: 4583: 4098: 4052: 4044: 4012:

When his strength began to fail, he finally decided to accept an invitation by

3894: 3878: 3819: 3737:, that, unusually for him, left him too ill to work. He declined to attend the 3647: 3514: 3469: 3344: 3201: 3148: 3126: 3094: 3083: 3079: 3049: 2982: 2932: 2928: 2908: 2904: 2886: 2762: 2709: 2660: 2603: 2595: 2591: 1250: 1180: 1135: 1114: 926: 788: 780: 716: 558: 252: 232: 27087: 21908: 21350:

The first tome or volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the newe testamente

20925: 20910: 20886: 19804:"Some Uses of Experiment for Understanding Early Knitting and Erasmus' Bonnet" 19609: 19239: 19188: 18942: 18816: 18710: 18364: 18334: 18067: 17793: 17708: 17616: 17578: 17545: 17180: 17125: 17097: 17080: 16638: 16430: 16330: 15760:

The Social and Psychological Underpinnings of Commercial Arbitration in Europe

15686: 15666: 15455: 15355: 15278: 15127: 15033: 14427: 14377: 14296: 14250: 14157: 14146:

Rublack, Ulinka (2017). "People and Networks in the Age of the Reformations".

13986: 13951: 13487: 12800: 12230: 11982: 11189: 10864: 10812: 10803:

Olin, John (23 October 2020). "Introduction: Erasmus, a Biographical Sketch".

10789: 9986: 9937: 9878:"Despite a lack of formal philosophical training and an antipathy to medieval 9026: 8784:

His mode of expression made him "slippery like a snake" according to Luther -

8328:

Historians have speculated that Erasmus passed on to More an early version of

5648: 4397:

and other schemes to cause wars in order to extract money from his subjects.

3770: 3689:

was burnt in Paris, following his condemnation as an anti-Rome heretic by the

3625:

In collaboration with Froben and his team, the scope and ambition of Erasmus'

3029:

In 1506 they passed through Turin and he arranged to be awarded the degree of

2560:

During this time, Erasmus developed a deep aversion to exclusive or excessive

27223: 27183: 27153: 27082: 26775: 26730: 26469: 26439: 26340: 26320: 26305: 26197: 26187: 26074: 25987: 25672: 25527: 25471: 25426: 25306: 25248: 25162: 25111: 25096: 24985: 24694: 24679: 24669: 24654: 24604: 24559: 24519: 24454: 24449: 24419: 24286: 24226: 24168: 23892: 23706: 23473: 23398: 23281: 23261: 23173: 23128: 22339: 22067: 21737: 21423: 21361: 20836: 20797:(U of Toronto Press, 1974–2023). 84/86 volumes published as of mid 2023; see 20347: 19939: 19815: 19699: 19542: 19487: 19448: 19418: 19396: 19196: 19072: 18663: 18528: 18479: 18411: 18396:"Religion and Right in the Philosophia Christriana of Erasmus from Rotterdam" 17989: 17482: 17112:

Cummings, Brian (1 January 2013). "Erasmus and the Invention of Literature".

16998: 16927: 16379: 15396: 15309: 15247: 14920: 14466: 14124: 13767: 13675: 13291: 13167: 12584: 12520: 12477: 12384: 12239: 11623: 11298: 11251: 11221: 10986: 10750: 10732: 10336: 10252: 10079: 9919: 9915: 9911: 9879: 9476: 9293: 9145: 8951: 8756:

Erkenntnis und Verwirklichung der wahren Theologie nach Erasmus von Rotterdam

8706: 8282: 8248: 7994:, Translated by Clarence H. Miller, University of Toronto Press, p. xv, 7850: 7609: 7552: 7437:'s "Death is the ultimate boundary of things," which re-casts the motto as a 7369: 7308: 7234: 6129: 6052:, while admirable in intent and content, were now mainly counter-productive. 5941: 5598: 5528: 5343: 5328: 5288: 5203: 5158: 5148: 5009: 4935: 4881: 4856: 4070: 4025: 4006: 3947: 3905: 3682: 3584: 3568: 3529: • Gilbert Cousin • Jakob Näf • 3373: 3357: 3247: 3152: 3015: 2990: 2790: 2757:

Jean Vitrier (or Vourier) • Jacob/James Batt •

2668: 2619: 2615: 2565: 2546: 2542: 1208: 1066: 857: 488: 214: 129: 21046: 20339: 19969: 19883: 19388: 19008: 18919: 18891: 18629: 17439: 15924: 14769: 14682: 14532: 14147: 13283: 10588:

to enter," Erasmus warned, "else you might bump your head and bounce back!"

9653: 8652: 8108: 6739:; which in turn merely reflects the eternal mutual accommodation within the 4333: 3807:(1534) which would be one of Erasmus' most popular and most hijacked works. 3052:

entered victorious into the conquered Bologna which he had besieged before.

2877:

For Erasmus' second visit, he spent over a year staying at recently married

27168: 27107: 27017: 26826: 26486: 26290: 26129: 26069: 25745: 25587: 25532: 25205: 24664: 24659: 24634: 24564: 24499: 24459: 24429: 24424: 24336: 24326: 24216: 23951: 23946: 23934: 23855: 23841: 23765: 23418: 23408: 23371: 23361: 23351: 23243: 23158: 23090: 22987: 22651: 22375: 22324: 22019: 21928: 21504: 21272: 21111: 21050: 20682: 20587: 19742: 19683: 19558: 18469: 18346: 15158: 15084: 14514: 13186: 12636: 12361:"Dean Colet's Convocation Sermon and the Pre-Reformation Church in England" 11290: 9699: 9271: 8511:

this rent, and that of another refugee from Basel in his house, his fellow

7439: 7292: 7238: 7163:

Holbein's studies of Erasmus's hands, in silverpoint and chalks, ca. 1523 (

7076: 6725: 6483: 6386: 5723: 5263: 5138: 4977: 4638: 4606: 4377:

He spoke more freely about this matter in letters sent to his friends like

4074: 3723: 3510: 3263: 3122: 3075: 3060: 2920: 2786: 2623: 2545:, of whose rigors he complained. The university was then the chief seat of 1204: 1176: 1168: 895: 588: 44: 27092: 26881: 20462: 19707: 19681: 19668: 19503: 18906:

Marius, Richard (1998). "Eleventh-Annual Margaret Mann Phillips Lecture".

18201: 17409: 16583: 15730: 14967: 14590: 13877: 13598: 12877: 11165: 10529:

comes from Origen and was also picked up by Melanchthon. Saarinen, Risto.

9309: 7193:

By the 1570s, "Everyone had assimilated Erasmus to one extent or another."

6784:

In this light, Erasmus' ability to have friendly correspondence with both

4728: 3383:

In 1516, Erasmus published the first edition of his scholarly Latin-Greek

3214: 1216: 1113:

of succession and then suffered a famine. Erasmus professed his vows as a

27102: 27072: 27037: 27032: 27007: 26992: 26962: 26560: 26555: 26532: 26424: 26419: 26400: 26365: 26275: 26064: 25765: 25577: 25572: 25537: 25501: 25496: 25491: 25481: 25456: 25421: 25356: 25346: 24945: 24740: 24714: 24709: 24509: 24494: 24361: 24341: 24321: 24173: 24148: 24107: 23968: 23877: 23867: 23829: 23787: 23750: 23716: 23438: 23423: 23303: 23298: 22844: 22777: 22696: 22661: 22641: 22309: 22169: 22151: 21994: 21885: 21714: 21709: 21058: 20807:(U of Toronto Press, 1975–2023), 21/21 volumes down to 1536 are published 20324:"The Allegation of Erasmus' Syphilis and the Question of His Burial Site" 19650: 18557:

Hoffmann, Manfred (July 1991). "Erasmus on Language and Interpretation".

16356:"Review of Opera Omnia. vo. V-2. Opera Omnia vol. V-3. Opera Omnia. II-4" 15142: 15068: 14795:

Hoffmann, Manfred (Summer 1989). "Faith and Piety in Erasmus's Thought".

14701: 13272:

Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History

10514: 10449: 10127: 9951: 9396: 7934:

Erasmus used similar expressions in letters to other friends at the time.

7698: 7681: 7388:. The ring was also depicted in a portrait of his by the Flemish painter 7296: 7060: 6934: 6919:

Another important concept to Erasmus was "the Folly of the Cross" (which

6785: 6586: 6406: 6082: 6075: 5733: 5728: 5638: 5628: 5618: 5518: 5358: 5353: 5323: 5258: 5238: 4874: 4778: 4566: 4439: 4378: 4157: 3924: 3920: 3890: 3651: 3611: 3361: 3348: 3178: 3136: 2878: 2734:, and whose intellect had been developed by his powerful patron Cardinal 2731: 2727: 2713: 2664: 2583: 2550: 1274: 951: 947: 861: 839: 792: 749: 513: 483: 227: 22230: 21083: 19495: 19471: 19456: 19432: 19404: 19372: 19204: 19172: 18671: 18647: 18189: 16445: 15998: 15982: 15810: 15786: 15404: 15380: 15317: 15293: 14928: 14905:"Erasmus and the Cracow Humanists: The Purchase of His Library by Łaski" 14904: 14846:

Between Saint James and Erasmus: Studies in Late Medieval Religious Life

14504: 13775: 13751: 13386:"The Thomism of Bartolomé de Las Casas and the Indians of the New World" 13299: 13267: 12392: 12360: 12057:

The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 2204-2356 (August 1529-July 1530)

11631: 11607: 11259: 11235: 11155: 10994: 10970: 10782:

The Idea of International Society: Erasmus, Vitoria, Gentili and Grotius

10113:"For I am ready to swear that Epimenides came to life again in Scotus." 9727:"The differences between Erasmus and Luther in their approach to reform" 9301: 9277: 9224:

Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi (Academic Journal of History and Idea)

9153: 9129: 8714: 8682: 8256: 8232: 7603:

project is aimed at attracting non-European students to study in Europe.

7471:

Commemorative coins or medals of Erasmus by Göbel, Georg Wilhelm (1790)

6701:

Three key distinctive features of the spirituality Erasmus proposed are

6029:

requiring work not begging (reflecting the practice of his own order of

3639:

and pirated individually throughout Europe— then finally his amplified

27188: 26565: 26481: 26149: 26009: 25770: 25592: 25243: 25071: 24950: 24910: 24479: 24469: 24346: 24276: 24163: 24132: 24112: 24056: 24051: 24006: 23901: 23366: 23163: 23085: 23070: 22859: 22829: 22792: 22750: 22745: 22676: 22314: 21989: 21948: 21256: 21141: 20844: 20812: 19684:"Can a diagnosis be made in retrospect? The case of Desiderius Erasmus" 19550: 19518: 18593: 18536: 18504: 17997: 17965: 17931:

Boyle, Marjorie O'rourke (25 November 1999). "Evangelism and Erasmus".

17251:

Conference: Philosophy of Management Conference University of Greenwich

17006: 16974: 16935: 16903: 16679:. Cambridge Companions to Religion. Cambridge University Press: 28–38. 16387: 16355: 15839:

Holland Under Habsburg Rule, 1506-1566: The Formation of a Body Politic

14985:. Hants England; Burlington, Vermont, USA: Ashgate Publishing Limited. 14822: 14132: 14108: 13683: 13651: 13326: 13195: 12485: 12461: 12146: 11552: 11476: 11306: 11274: 11069: 10942: 10240: 10087: 10055: 9484: 9452: 8978: 8962: 8808: 8799: 7900: 7662: 7331:(cape), perhaps with an asymmetrical black cope of cloth or sheepskin ( 7253: 6887: 6801: 6622:(Not to be confused with his Italian contemporary Chrysostom Javelli's 6498: 6490: 6459: 6113: 5834: 5824: 5183: 4896: 4804: 4522: 4237: 4063: 3932: 3708:

Erasmus, in company with other Basel Catholic priests including Bishop

3670: 3607: 3445: 3043: 3010: 2978: 2705: 2700:

During his first visit to England in 1499, he studied or taught at the

2587: 2539: 1266: 1082: 340: 219: 133: 25014: 19947: 19915: 17287:(Assertion of all the Articles condemned by the Bull of Leo X, 1520), 17285:

Assertio omnium articulorum per bullam Leonis X. novissimam damnatorum

14474: 14442: 13452: 12592: 12560: 12029: 12005: 9109:"Erasmus and Vives ruled out conquests and annexation of territories." 8591:

During which he occupied himself copying out quotations from Erasmus'

7159: 6421:

commented: "Certainly there was no lack of eggs for Luther to hatch."

4289:

Erasmus' emphasis on peacemaking reflects a typical pre-occupation of

2479: 26724: 26410: 26004: 25735: 25607: 24990: 24940: 24704: 24579: 24306: 24077: 24001: 23908: 23882: 23802: 23508: 23233: 23055: 22884: 22849: 22834: 22797: 22214: 21781: 21300: 12138:

Apostolic theology and humanism at the University of Paris, 1490–1540

12136: 10223:

as taught by Erasmus has never been factual reality; wherever it was

9895: 9891: 8921:

conveniently ignored the anti-semitic aspect of Erasmus’ statement."

8298: 8229:, the former tutor of Prince Arthur, had promised to cover the rent. 7911: 7673:(CJEU). The building houses the chambers of the judges of the CJEU's 7613: 7593: 7548: 7504: 7460: 7377: 7288: 6763: 6479: 6471: 6467: 6451: 6381: 6255: 6251: 6106: 5957:

criticism of clerical corruption and abuses within the Western Church

5864: 4915: 4819: 4546: 4454: 4241: 4193: 4036: 3982: 3799:(1533) which sold out in three hours at the Frankfurt Book Fair, and 3701:

Following sudden, violent, iconoclastic rioting in early 1529 led by

3592: 3023: 2842: 2738:(d. 1500) who had famously attempted reforms of English monasteries. 916: 869: 865: 853: 838:

Erasmus lived against the backdrop of the growing European religious

772: 443: 330: 86: 23641: 20828: 20752:

Erasmo y España: Estudios Sobre la Historia Espiritual del Siglo XVI

20594:. Translated by Eden and Cedar Paul. Garden City Publishing Co., Inc 20381:(Reprinted in paperback ed.). Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press. 19824: 19534: 19300:

Printed Commonplace-Books and the Structuring of Renaissance Thought

19128: 18875: 18750: 18520: 18312:. Toronto Buffalo (N.J.) London: University of Toronto press. 2019. 18153: 17981: 17569:

Traninger, Anita (25 January 2023). "Erasmus and the Philosophers".

16990: 16919: 16371: 15609: 14814: 13667: 13360: 13241:

Queens' College Cambridge. Queens' Rare Book and Special Collections

13018:"Erasmian Perspectives on Copyright: Justifying a Right to Research" 11544: 10071: 9977:

Traninger, Anita (25 January 2023). "Erasmus and the Philosophers".

9798: 9468: 9219: 8183:

According to theologian Thomas Scheck "In the fuller context of the

7798: 7512:

about the artist, likening him to famous Greek painter of antiquity

7348:

All Erasmus' portraits show him wearing a knitted scholar's bonnet.

5829: 3583:. He developed a lasting association with the great Basel publisher 3559: 1147: 27203: 26624: 26202: 26154: 26059: 26049: 26019: 25999: 25963: 25790: 25687: 25657: 25351: 25210: 25177: 24915: 24391: 24117: 24087: 24046: 24041: 23807: 23782: 23575: 23565: 23050: 23045: 23040: 22992: 22839: 22755: 22723: 22636: 22628: 22319: 22294: 22262: 22257: 22024: 21799: 21130: 21035: 21031: 20692:

Fatal Discord - Erasmus, Luther, and the Fight for the Western Mind

20633: 19998: 19931: 19586: 17667:"Erasmus and Christian Cynicism as Cultural Context for Toleration" 15147:

Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte - Archive for Reformation History

14458: 14414:

van Herwaarden, Jan (2012). "Erasmus and the Non-Christian World".

11703: 10332: 10027: 9900: 9791:(“true religion ought to be the most cheerful thing in the world”; 9695: 8639:

Menchi, Silvana Seidel (2000). "Sixteenth-Annual Bainton Lecture".

8507:

and was indignant when an attempt was made to charge back-rent: he

7799:"The Making of Erasmus's New Testament and Its English Connections" 7710: 7509: 7385: 7260: 6929:

to us, rather than to the frigid worlds which intricate scholastic

6748: 6475: 6463: 5761: 5128: 5098: 5004: 4994: 4972: 4901: 4550: 4530:

expedient. Above all they should have guarded against all sedition.

4425: 4233: 3843: 2912: 2519: 986: 903: 720:; 28 October c. 1466 – 12 July 1536), commonly known in English as 242: 21545:

The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ—Against the Fanatics

15668:

Blessed Are the Peacemakers: Pacifism, Just War, and Peacebuilding

13752:"The Concept of Scholar-Publisher in Renaissance: Johannes Froben" 13207: 10255:'s statement "the greatest philosopher is none other than Christ." 9842:

Baker-Smith, Dominic (1994). "Uses of Plato by Erasmus and More".

9758: 8288: 4565:

The focus of most of his political writing was about peace within

4525:

included a particular dislike for sedition, which caused warfare:

872:

approach disappointed, and even angered, partisans in both camps.

56: 26656: 26395: 26134: 26109: 26024: 25952: 25906: 25172: 25167: 24016: 23797: 23755: 23738: 22824: 22735: 22656: 22646: 22289: 22242: 21118: 20937: 20584:. Berkeley – Los Angeles – London: University of California Press 19159:

131 Christians Everyone Should Know. Nashville: Holman Reference,

17835: 17438:

Ocker, Christopher (2022). "Erasmus and Biblical Scholasticism".

13796: 12110:

Andrews, Edward D.; Lightfoot, J.B.; Kenyon, Frederic G. (2022).

11741: 10652: 10288: 9453:"Forgiveness and Consolation in the Religious Thought of Erasmus" 9382: 8555:

Erasmus writing a moving letter to William Blount's teenaged son

7842: 7702: 7513: 7312: 6879: 6767: 6740: 5884: 5108: 5073: 5031: 5026: 4905: 3897:(widely tipped as the next pope) died, and his old ally Cardinal 3893:(the "inclement Clement") died, his recent Italian ally Cardinal 3815: 3796:

A Playne and Godly Exposition or Declaration of the Commune Crede

3564: 3321:

and religious reform to which he was devoting his life. In 1514,

2940: 2825:

at St Omer (1501,1502) where he wrote the initial version of the

2511: 2491: 2483: 2463: 1077: 971: 776: 21392: 20768:

Esortazione alla filosofia. La Paraclesis di Erasmo da Rotterdam

20476:

Life and Letters of Erasmus: lectures delivered at Oxford 1893-4

18876:"Icarus of Basel? Oecolampadius and the Early Swiss Reformation" 18842:

Remembering the Reformation: Martin Luther and Catholic Theology

18807:

Kraebel, Andrew (2020). "Interpretive Theories and Traditions".

17384:"Circumspice populum istum Euangelicum…" Latin text in Erasmus, 17146:. Vol. 10. University of Toronto Press. 1992. p. 380. 16778:

The Modern Devotion: Confrontation with Reformation and Humanism

16044:

Life and letters of Erasmus: lectures delivered at Oxford 1893–4

15961:(University Park: University of Pennsylvania Press 1996), p. 95 15018:"Truth and Irony: Philosophical Meditations on Erasmus (Review)" 10480:

Margaret O'Rourke Boyle sees it as "The text was real presence."

6839:" ("nothing is to be sought in the sacred letters but Christ"). 6323:

An epistle against those who falsely boast they are Evangelicals

4570:

rule, no forced conversions, and keeping promises made to them.

3657: 3181:, arranged for Erasmus to be (or to study to prepare to be) the 26237: 26119: 26014: 25714: 25321: 24935: 24026: 23996: 23848: 23760: 23691: 22894: 22787: 22666: 21316: 21072:, Dominique Miething). Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin, 2022. 20707:

Erasmus and the “Other”: On Turks, Jews, and Indigenous Peoples

20612:(Paperback, ed.). Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press. 2003. 20015:"Quinten Massys (1465/6-1530) - Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536)" 17865:"Philosophy and Religion in service of the Philosophia Christi" 16323:

Erasmus and the "Other": On Turks, Jews, and Indigenous Peoples

15446:

Martin, Terence J. (25 January 2023). "Erasmus and the Other".

14756:

Kusukawa, Sachiko (2003). "Nineteenth-Annual Bainton Lecture".

9391: 8959:, which he upbraided for their moral and spiritual uselessness. 8728: 8354: 8134:

The Two Lost Years of Erasmus: Summary, Review, and Speculation

8044: 8032:

The Two Lost Years of Erasmus: Summary, Review, and Speculation

7803:

Sparks and Lustrous Words: Literary Walks, Cultural Pilgrimages

7434: 7328: 7316: 7164: 6766:" (or "slippery squid") and Christ, who was "more mutable than 6439: 5213: 5173: 5133: 4496: 4462: 3990: 3866:, also a correspondent of Erasmus', who had previously rescued 3603: 3580: 3186: 3097:. He found employment tutoring and escorting Scottish nobleman 3064: 2870: 2834: 2507: 970:

In 1471 his father became the vice-curate of the small town of

237: 209: 204: 16753:

European History in Perspective: The Long European Reformation

14583:

The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 2940 to 3141, Volume 21

9723:

Another commentator: "Erasmus laid the egg that Luther broke"

8941:

Letter to Carondelet: The Preface to His Edition of St. Hilary

8174:

Some of these visits were interrupted by trips back to Europe.

8093:

The canonry burnt down in 1549 and the canons moved to Gouda.

3406:

In 1517, he supported the foundation at the university of the

652: 25542: 24036: 24031: 24011: 23819: 22671: 22224: 16876:"Make Haste Slowly: Aldus and Erasmus, Printers and Scholars" 13834:"Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam (Hans Holbein the Younger)" 13268:"Erasmus and the Louvain Theologians — a Strategy of Defense" 10544:

Markos, Louis A. (April 2007). "The Enchiridion of Erasmus".

10339:

to the crucial place accommodation obtains in his theology".)

10148:

Markos, Louis A. (April 2007). "The Enchiridion of Erasmus".

9887: 8955: 8358: 8025:

The biographer J.J. Mangan commented of his time living with

7763:

was an adopted additional name, which he used from 1496. The

7677:

and three courtrooms. It is next to the Thomas More Building.

6015:

who were not thought good for any Thing in a Time of Peace."

4435: 4021: 3969:

eventually died in prison under Elizabeth I for refusing the

3576: 3220:

By this time More was a judge on the poorman's equity court (

2515: 2503: 2495: 2471: 2467: 899: 764: 109: 20754:(1950), Fondo de Cultura Económica (1997) ISBN 968-16-1069-5 20198: 17837:

The contribution of isocrates to western educational thought

17373:, Preserved Smith, 1923, Harper & Brothers, pp. 391–92. 17078: 16955: 16953: 16134:"Islam as a Heresy: Christendom's Ideological View of Islam" 13870:

The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 1252-1355 (1522-1523)

11704:"Richard of St. Victor, On the Four Degrees of Violent Love" 10505:

This was a fine-grained extension of the medieval theory of

6589:) and what he regarded as their frigid, counter-productive 4617: 4428:

over intolerant assertions, though he sharply distinguished

4210:"the sum and summary of our religion is peace and unanimity" 3877:

died. In 1532 his beloved long-time mentor English Primate

1105:

community largely borrowed its rule from the larger monkish

26207: 24021: 22252: 20180: 18648:"Rhetoric and the Erasmian Defence of Religious Toleration" 16851:

Knowles, Dom David (27 September 1979). "Ch XI - Erasmus".

14152:(2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 92–123. 14012:

The History of the Popes, from the Close of the Middle Ages

10780:

Vollerthun, Ursula; Richardson, James L. (31 August 2017).

9395:

be destroyed; both Reuchlin and Pfefferkorn called out the

8216:

promptness by different associates in different countries.

7827:

Canons regular of St Augustine, Chapter of Sion (or Syon),

7541:

In 1790, Georg Wilhelm Göbel struck commemorative medals.'

7264: 5243: 3121:, which was to be a best-seller. More was at that time the 3001:

In 1506 he was able to accompany and tutor the sons of the

2499: 760:

and one of the major figures of Dutch and Western culture.

684: 658: 655: 637: 182: 16616:"Praise of Folly | work by Erasmus | Britannica" 13591:

The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 594-841 (1517-1518)

11088:

Erasmus, Desiderius; Nichols, Francis Norgan (1901–1918).

9714:

Namely Egmondanus, the Louvain Carmelite Nicolaas Baechem.

9130:"Concepts of Reform Proposed at the Fifth Lateran Council" 4416:

He referred to his irenical disposition in the Preface to

2518:), and avoiding the persecution of religious fanatics (to 1150:

moderate sexual desire in marriage between men and women.

1072: 22334: 20652:

Erasmus, Contarini, and the Religious Republic of Letters

19823:

Malcolm-Davies, Jane; Kruseman, Geeske (1 January 2016).

16950: 14565:

History and Biography in the Work of Erasmus of Rotterdam

12987:

The Oxford Reformers. John Colet, Erasmus and Thomas More

8312:"Beer does not suit me either, and the wine is horrible." 6355:

Epistola contra quosdam qui se falso iactant evangelicos.

3943:, which Froben published, at the instigation of de Góis. 2538:, a centre of reforming zeal, under the direction of the 894:

Fourth, his final more secure and settled years near the

675: 666: 643: 19854:(in German). Berlin: Julius Bard Verlag. pp. 78–79. 18466: 13819:

Bloch Eileen M. (1965). "Erasmus and the Froben Press."

9882:, Erasmus possessed not only a certain familiarity with 7954:

attestation of the genuine rather than formal fondness.

7112:

He is noted for his extensive scholarly editions of the

4677:: Erasmus felt Pfefferkorn had personally attacked him. 4389:: a particular target of his criticisms was the Emperor 4051:, the same last words as Melanchthon) then "Dear God" ( 2955: • Scipio Carteromachus • 880:

Erasmus's almost 70 years may be divided into quarters.

18341:. Catholic University of America Press. pp. 1–42. 18260:. University of Toronto Press. 1990. pp. 169–194. 17966:"Erasmus on the Social Functions of Christian Humanism" 17674:

Theological Foundations of Modern Constitutional Theory

16163:

The Christology of Erasmus: Christ, Humanity, and Peace

15601: 12933:. Toronto Buffalo London: University of Toronto Press. 12141:(Thesis). Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository. 8233:"A History of the English Austin Friars (continuation)" 7940:"Erasmus as a poet in the context of northern humanism" 7380:. The herm was presented to him in Rome by his student 7360:

Signet rings of Erasmus of Rotterdam: Amerbach Kabinett

7116:

in Latin and Greek, and the complete works of numerous

6641:) In fact, Christ was "the very father of philosophy" ( 6329:(former Bishop of Utrecht, also schooled at Deventer). 4411: 20956:" entry in Catholic Encyclopedia, 1909 by Joseph Sauer 20674:

Truth and Irony - Philosophical Meditations on Erasmus

19822: 19417:

Latourette, Kenneth Scott. A History of Christianity.

18188:

Sider, Robert (2 April 2020). Sider, Robert D. (ed.).

12109: 8344:

but then finding heresy in his translations and works.

7879:(London, 1952), pp. 11–12, and from Geoffrey Nutuall, 7364:

Erasmus chose the Roman god of borders and boundaries

6489:

Erasmus was sympathetic to a kind of epistemological (

6119: 3606:) (1513). Froben's work was notable for using the new 3162:

and was in contact when Colet gave his notorious 1512

2856: 937:(1622), replacing a stone (1557), and a wooden (1549). 24791:

The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

21095: 13327:"Opera Omnia Desiderii Erasmi – Erasmus, Opera Omnia" 12900:"(Publisher's summary) The Correspondence of Erasmus" 8909:

also clearly reveled in Erasmus’s comparison, in the

6886:

serving as the starting point, and arguably with the

6478:, pleasure as virtue), realist/non-voluntarist, and 4351:

He questioned the practical usefulness and abuses of

3112: 2571: 1163: • Pietro Carmeliano • 696: 687: 678: 661: 640: 631: 27415:

Roman Catholic priests from the Habsburg Netherlands

20813:"Erasmus: Recent Critical Editions and Translations" 20702:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press 20654:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press 20423:

Erasmus of Rotterdam: Advocate of a New Christianity

18150:

Plato, Plutarch, and John: Three Symposia about Love

17320: 13792:

Hans Holbein the Younger: The Basel Years, 1515-1532

13421: 13419: 12855:, Tuckwell, (1996), 126-7, quoting Phillips, M. M., 11583:(masters). University of Wales Trinity Saint David. 10779: 10597:

According to historian Emily Alianello, "Throughout

10308:

were ideas significant later, in Calvin's theology.

9669:), namely patristic writings and sacred scriptures ( 8034:, Studies in the Renaissance, Vol. 9 (1962), p. 174. 7538:. It is the oldest bronze statue in the Netherlands. 6554:, pre-dating other scholarly interest by 400 years. 3387:

with annotations, his complete works of Jerome, and

2951: • Urbano Valeriani • 1118:

Erasmus had a spiritual awakening at the monastery.

915:

Desiderius Erasmus is reported to have been born in

672: 649: 634: 19519:"Erasmus' Prescription for Henry VIII: Logotherapy" 17538:

The reception of Erasmus in the early modern period

15787:"A War Against the Turks? Erasmus on War and Peace" 14239:2211 / To Thomas More, Freiburg, 5 September 1529, 13480:

The Reception of Erasmus in the Early Modern Period

11087: 9803:

Philosophical Readings Online Journal of Philosophy

9334:family: indeed, his father had been executed as a 9274:, a professor of philosophy and imperial physician. 7697:Several schools, faculties and universities in the 7665:was completed in 1988 as the first addition to the 7516:. Erasmus was deeply affected by his death in 1528. 7244:In Cambridge he was ill, possibly with the English 6837:

nihil in sacris literis praeter Christum quaerendum

6078:scholar wrote of him as "all sail and no rudder". 5928:began in the year following the publication of his 4020:. In 1535, he moved back to the Froben compound in 2549:learning but already coming under the influence of 681: 669: 646: 21529:Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants 18990:"Radical Carnivalisation of Religion in Erasmus's 18904:Martin Luther's Erasmus, and How he got that Way, 17736:The Stoic Origins of Erasmus' Philosophy of Christ 14843: 14683:"Lisbon in the Renaissance: Author Damiao de Gois" 14652:"(Prison) Note(book)s Toward a History of Boredom" 14576: 14574: 14368:"Erasmus' Illnesses in His Final Years (1533–6)". 12281: 11792: 11224:, is an account of the lives of Erasmus's parents. 10462:documents of the early church's witness to him.'" 9971:The 'Adages' of Erasmus. A Study with Translations 8740:Historian Kirk Essary comments "Reading the work ( 7920:canons regular, notably in Richard of St Victor's 6762:The role models of accommodation were Paul, that " 6270:Erasmus replied to this in his lengthy two volume 4684:rather than exclusively Hebraic influences on the 4303: 3716:to be under the protection of his former student, 3505: • Bruno Amerbach • 3313:His residence at Leuven, where he lectured at the 2486:), searching libraries for manuscripts, writing ( 20310:A History of Queens' College, Cambridge 1448–1986 19073:"(Review) The Collected Works of Erasmus, vol 44" 18031:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 16524:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 14790: 14788: 14113:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 13971: 13969: 13569:"Measuring Worth - Purchasing Power of the Pound" 13416: 10026:Erasmus followed the tradition of proto-humanist 7351: 7319:for liturgical contexts, or otherwise with white 6433:Portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger and workshop 6316: 4449:Portrait of Erasmus, after Quinten Massijs (1517) 4424:that would make him even prefer the views of the 4362:A disadvantageous peace is better than a just war 775:for working on texts, he prepared pioneering new 68:"arguably…the most important portrait in England" 27221: 25848: 20527:. New York: Harper & Row, 1957. xiv, 266 pp 19170: 19122: 19120: 17444:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 157–184. 17399: 17050:"Erasmus - Dutch Humanist, Protestant Challenge" 16047:(London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1894), p. 359 15498:Clarion: Journal for Religion, Peace and Justice 14185:"Erasmus - Dutch Humanist, Protestant Challenge" 13011: 13009: 12888:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). pp. 727–732. 12772:Anderson, Marvin (1969), "Erasmus the Exegete", 12533: 12333:(in German). Gute Schriften Basel. pp. 6–7. 11889:(illustrated ed.). McFarland. p. 159. 10295:religious moralism promoting peace and charity. 10056:"Erasmus and the Religious Tradition, 1495-1499" 9385:(which Erasmus scorned), against the attacks of 6842:In Hoffmann's words, for Erasmus "Christ is the 4322:"War is sweet to those who have never tasted it" 4032:through publication, though he grew more frail. 4014:Queen Mary of Hungary, Regent of the Netherlands 1574: 958:Erasmus' own story, in the possibly forged 1524 27355:Former members of Catholic religious institutes 20217:"No more Erasmus, but NDIAS and NDCEC continue" 19920:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 16677:The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology 16025:"Αποστολική Διακονία της Εκκλησίας της Ελλάδος" 15004: 15002: 14571: 11495: 7987: 7786:lived nearby, on the marketplace, at this time. 6399:Admonitio adversus mendacium et obstrectationem 4645:in the vehement way of the later post-Catholic 4578:In his last decade, he involved himself in the 4549:had been against the execution of even violent 4191:were playing in the lethal persecution of some 27275:Academic staff of the Old University of Leuven 21473:To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation 20507: 20402: 20397:Erasmus of Rotterdam: The Spirit of a Scholar. 20181:"Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics" 19373:"Erasmus's Place in the History of Philosophy" 19323:Catalogue of the Works of Erasmus of Rotterdam 18093:. English Dept, University of York. p. 81 18022: 17072: 16476:"Erasmus on the Education and Nature of Women" 16155: 16153: 16151: 16056: 14785: 14724:"Erasmus and His Books (Publisher's material)" 14558: 14556: 14413: 14409: 14407: 14405: 14109:"The Friendship of Erasmus and Damiâo De Goes" 13966: 13584: 13582: 13580: 13578: 12790: 10937:. Vol. 46, no. 4. pp. 754–809. 10637:As with many of his individual works, reading 9359:Erasmus wrote of Pferfferkorn that "a wicked ( 8950:is perhaps also a backhanded reference to the 8933:Summa nostrae religionis pax est et unanimated 8411:, friend of the Amerbach family, colleague of 8225:Erasmus claimed the blind poet laureate friar 6264:On the Bondage of the Will (De servo arbitrio) 5952:to nourishchiefly moral and spiritual reform" 4434:from what was uncontentiously explicit in the 3958:. Others, such as Charles V's Latin secretary 3005:of the English King through Italy to Bologna. 2494:), patronage, tutoring and chaperoning (North 835:and many other popular and pedagogical works. 25834: 25030: 23657: 22185: 21408: 21157: 20429:Dickens, A. G.; Jones, Whitney R. D. (2000). 20262:. Victoria and Albert Museum. 5 January 1854. 19869:. Berlin: Julius Bard Verlag. pp. 78–79. 19117: 18611: 18609: 18607: 18605: 18603: 18326: 17433: 17431: 17429: 14282: 14280: 14278: 13756:Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 13511: 13509: 13507: 13473: 13151:"Thomas Linacre: Humanist, Physician, Priest" 13006: 12868: 12176:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 15. 12003: 11793:Sutton, Anne F.; Visser-Fuchs, Livia (1997). 11149: 11147: 11145: 11143: 11141: 11139: 11137: 11103: 11101: 9968: 9508: 9506: 6926: 5799: 3579:to coordinate the printing of his books with 2557:, poet and "professor of humanity" in Paris. 23899: 23853: 23839: 20428: 20260:"Erasmus' Tower, Queen's College, Cambridge" 19909: 19907: 19126: 18552: 18550: 18548: 18546: 18235:"The Age of Reformations by James Hitchcock" 17366:London, Burns & Oates, 1881, pp. 13–14. 16963:. Nashville: Holman Reference, 2000, p. 344. 16755:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 70. 16484:. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 37–47. 16035: 15842:. Univ of California Press. pp. 68–70. 15552: 15550: 14999: 14751: 14749: 13745: 13743: 13741: 13739: 13354: 13352: 13350: 13348: 13015: 12292:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 11670: 11483:. Nashville: Holman Reference, 2000, p. 343. 11135: 11133: 11131: 11129: 11127: 11125: 11123: 11121: 11119: 11117: 10928: 10926: 10924: 10775: 10773: 10771: 10769: 10767: 10765: 10651:This was a long-recognized tendency: indeed 8780: 8778: 8605: 8461:"Froude, Life and Letters of Erasmus, p 322" 8376: 6182:lives and they speak quite another language. 4371:Better an unjust peace than the justest war. 4304:Erasmus § The Complaint of Peace (1517) 4043:, were apparently "Lord, put an end to it" ( 3750:He stayed for two years on the top floor of 2502:), seeing books through printing in person ( 997:, a correspondent of pioneering rhetorician 20748:, Librairie Droz (1998) ISBN 2-600-00510-2 20721:Erasmus and Voltaire: Why They Still Matter 20075:"Achievements and benefits, European Union" 19129:""Erasmus and Faustus of Riez's De gratia"" 19066: 19064: 18335:"ERASMus's PROGRAM for THEOLOGICAL RENEWAL" 17933:The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism 17809:"A Much Neglected Basic Choice in Theology" 17364:The Reformers on the Reformation (foreign), 16821: 16666: 16664: 16662: 16660: 16658: 16148: 15976: 15974: 15262: 15229: 15227: 15189: 15187: 15185: 15183: 14553: 14402: 13575: 12358: 11526: 11524: 11522: 11520: 11518: 11083: 11081: 11079: 11053: 11020: 11018: 11016: 10874:1871.1/2eb41bd4-6929-41be-a984-94747300015a 9841: 9515: 8931: 8415:etc. He had learned printing in Paris with 8094: 7981: 7768: 7642:Erasmus Journal of Philosophy and Economics 7423: 7376:he thought depicted Terminus carved into a 7321: 7281: 6162: 4326: 3939:of More (and Fisher), the short, anonymous 3881:died of old age, as did reforming cardinal 3041: 1003: 960: 93:, Burgundian Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire 27395:Philosophers from the Habsburg Netherlands 25841: 25827: 25037: 25023: 23664: 23650: 22199: 22192: 22178: 21415: 21401: 21164: 21150: 20782:Erasme i la construcció catalana d'Espanya 19571: 19330:. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2023, 225-344. 19039:"Summa Theologiae, Prologue & Ia Q. 2" 18600: 18239:Touchstone: A Journal of Mere Christianity 18105: 18079: 18077: 17629: 17471:Bryn Mawr Review of Comparative Literature 17426: 17357: 17165: 17163: 16966: 16567: 15918: 15916: 15914: 15345: 15341: 15339: 14980: 14699: 14562: 14526: 14524: 14498: 14496: 14275: 14102: 14100: 14098: 14096: 14023: 14021: 13504: 13432:Journal of East Asia and International Law 13426:Dungen, Peter van den (30 November 2009). 13368: 12618: 12616: 12614: 12211: 11886:The University in Medieval Life, 1179–1499 11882: 11655: 11653: 11651: 11649: 11647: 11645: 11643: 11641: 11098: 10964: 10962: 10960: 10958: 10956: 10954: 10952: 10751:http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05510b.htm 10703:"Desiderius Erasmus Biography & Facts" 10043:'s "What has Athens to do with Jerusalem?" 9503: 9338:heretic. Erasmus' friendly correspondents 7120:. These formed the basis of the so-called 7098:Erasmus wrote for educated audiences both 6970:; alongside it, the editions of the great 6593:: "What has Aristotle to do with Christ?" 6234:", a positive, evangelical model sermon " 6055:However, Erasmus frequently commended the 5806: 5792: 4035:On July 12, 1536, he died at an attack of 3904:As more friends died (in 1533, his friend 2853:. Erasmus then returned to Paris in 1504. 55: 27260:16th-century Dutch Roman Catholic priests 23591:Relationship between religion and science 21481:On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church 20714:Erasmus: Intellectual of the 16th Century 20376: 20312:(Woodbridge, Suff.: Boydell Press, 1987). 20124: 19904: 19720: 19658: 19308:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198159087.003.0006 19256: 18987: 18955: 18641: 18639: 18543: 18389: 18387: 17926: 17924: 17922: 17920: 17728: 17726: 17568: 17529: 17096: 16975:"Luther and Erasmus, Another Perspective" 16972: 16481:Erasmus: intellectual of the 16th century 16057:Huizinga, Johan; Flower, Barbara (1952). 15547: 15378: 15285: 14746: 13929: 13927: 13736: 13627:Erasmus: intellectual of the 16th century 13474:De Landtsheer, Jeanine (1 January 2013). 13451: 13383: 13345: 13324: 13176: 13166: 12275: 12273: 12271: 12269: 12229: 12006:"A Dispensation of Julius II for Erasmus" 11926: 11472: 11470: 11153: 11114: 10932: 10921: 10872: 10846: 10762: 10267:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183313.003.0005 9976: 9923: 9922:though they agreed on much." Abstract of 9582:, which "was a spirituality of teachers." 8807: 8775: 8286: 7986:—is by no means a contradiction of this." 7955: 7849:and subsequent congregations such as the 7626:A peer-reviewed annual scholarly journal 7148: 6424: 6215:De libero arbitrio diatribe sive collatio 6154:On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church 4244:. Notable writings on irenicism include 4069:He was buried with great ceremony in the 3789:(1529); his catechism to counter Luther 3575:From 1514, Erasmus regularly traveled to 2857:Second visit to England (1505–1506) 1269:granted legal dispensations for Erasmus' 856:, which some prominent reformers such as 27250:16th-century Christian biblical scholars 21225:Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style 21171: 20232: 20230: 19913: 19801: 19632: 19430: 19061: 18748: 18556: 17957: 17779: 17501: 17264: 17244: 17111: 17039:Letter to Louis Marlianus, 25 March 1520 16844: 16655: 16628: 16103:"A terrible pope but a patron of genius" 16100: 15971: 15784: 15756:"Erasmus, Jus Canonicum and Arbitration" 15418: 15416: 15414: 15291: 15269:Ocker, Christopher (22 September 2022). 15224: 15180: 15143:"Erasmus, Augustine and the Nominalists" 15140: 14794: 14755: 14331:Hans Holbein: Portrait of an Unknown Man 14139: 13868:Erasmus, Desiderius (31 December 1989). 13749: 13620: 13618: 13589:Erasmus, Desiderius (31 December 1979). 13077: 13049:"Erasmus and Queens' College, Cambridge" 12990:(3rd ed.). Longmans, Green and Co. 12977: 12771: 12558: 12416: 12414: 12134: 12048: 11679:The spirituality of Erasmus of Rotterdam 11605: 11599: 11574:Danyluk, Katharine (10 September 2018). 11515: 11491: 11489: 11233: 11076: 11013: 10895: 10413: 10349: 9698:, his former friend and roommate at the 9275: 9019:The New Testament Scholarship of Erasmus 7466: 7450: 7412: 7394: 7355: 7274: 7158: 7094:Works of Erasmus § Notable writings 6755:(discourse, conversation, language) not 6561: 6428: 6220: 6123: 5911: 5907: 5854: 5843: 5830:On the Institution of Christian Marriage 4660:which included John's notorious sermons 4616: 4444: 4000: 3965:Erasmus' friend and collaborator Bishop 3854:' Latin secretary who had worked on the 3825: 3814: 3722: 3656: 3558: 3435: 3418:' College of the Three Languages at the 3339: 3131: 3113:Third visit to England (1510–1515) 3054: 2860: 2572:First visit to England (1499–1500) 1076: 1050:movement and the Brethren's famous book 1011: 925: 832:Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style 27265:16th-century Roman Catholic theologians 27245:15th-century Roman Catholic theologians 25044: 20666:Erasmus, His Theology of the Sacraments 20447: 20405:My dear Erasmus: the forgotton reformer 20379:Erasmus: his life, works, and influence 20321: 20047: 19469: 19164: 19127:Franceschini, Chiara (1 January 2014). 19070: 18806: 18579: 18496: 18418: 18074: 18029:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 17963: 17862: 17694: 17664: 17228:The Identity of Theology (Dissertation) 17224: 17160: 16850: 16750: 16538: 16461:Erasmus: His Theology of the Sacraments 15987:Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance 15980: 15959:Humanism and the Rhetoric of Toleration 15911: 15886: 15522: 15336: 15233: 14902: 14867: 14580: 14521: 14493: 14443:"Damião de Goes, a Portuguese Humanist" 14145: 14093: 14018: 13867: 13649: 13643: 13588: 13193: 13137: 13106:"Erasmus, Life in 16th Century England" 12983: 12928: 12724: 12687: 12611: 12498: 12331:Die Bildnisse des Erasmus von Rotterdam 12289:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 12279: 12166: 12054: 11945:Collected Works of Erasmus: Spiritualia 11941: 11753: 11701: 11659: 11638: 11573: 11530: 11059: 10975:Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance 10968: 10949: 10184: 9914:, ultimately rendered Erasmus alien to 9724: 9450: 9127: 8938: 8021: 8019: 7937: 7592:The European Union cites the successor 6941: 6438:influenced by satirist and rhetorician 6208: 6011:Charon: " What do they get out of it?" 4128: 3696: 3231: 2708:, who pursued a style more akin to the 1073:Vows, ordination and canonry experience 989:and owned by the chapter clergy of the 27370:Lady Margaret's Professors of Divinity 27222: 26842:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler 22517:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology 21079:Sporen van Erasmus (Traces of Erasmus) 20985:Index of Erasmus's Opera Omnia (Latin) 20730:. Jackson, TN: Union University Press. 20677:. Catholic University of America Press 20661:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press 20647:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press 20630:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press 20556: 20483: 20469: 20425:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press 19878: 19876: 19845: 19843: 19841: 19802:Kruseman, Geeske M. (25 August 2018). 19785: 19783: 19781: 19421:: Harper & Brothers, 1953, p. 661. 19339: 19171:Nellen, Henk; Bloemendal, Jan (2016). 18905: 18636: 18502: 18449: 18424: 18384: 18332: 18181: 18162: 18111: 18083: 18053: 18047: 18023:Rummel, Erika; MacPhail, Eric (2021). 17917: 17833: 17723: 17595: 17464: 17169: 16895: 16790: 16670: 16353: 16208:Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval 16160:Martin, Terence J. (12 January 2024). 16159: 16131: 15753: 15664: 15445: 15193: 15112: 14530: 14502: 14327: 14106: 14068: 14027: 14009: 13981:. University of Toronto Press: 1–146. 13976: 13924: 13788: 13425: 13398:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.1664 13265: 13148: 12840:Opus Epistolarum Des. Erasmi Roterdami 12791:van Herwaarden, Jan (1 January 2003). 12622: 12266: 12135:Lundberg, Christa (16 February 2022). 11817: 11467: 11433: 11374: 11272: 10918:, pp. 4 and 6 (Dutch-language version) 10805:Christian Humanism and the Reformation 10543: 10147: 9796: 9009:Vicit mansuetudine, vicit beneficentia 8963:""Oxford Reformers" and Scholasticism" 8785: 8772:through all his writings." Mansfield 8638: 8368: 8146: 7796: 7671:Court of Justice of the European Union 7384:and in reality depicted the Greek god 6696: 6615: 6230:that involved an irenical 'dialogue' " 4649:: it was not a topic or theme of any 4490: 4258:On Restoring the Concord of the Church 3931:were executed as pro-Rome traitors by 3414:, Latin, and Greek—after the model of 3325:to Basel, he made the acquaintance of 2452:Blue lines: Rhine and English Channel 2106: 2098: 933:in Rotterdam. Gilded bronze statue by 25822: 25018: 23671: 23645: 22173: 21846:Die Lügend von S. Johanne Chrysostomo 21561:Confession Concerning Christ's Supper 21396: 21145: 21081:, documentary TV series, 5 episodes ( 20810: 20227: 19864: 19849: 19516: 19370: 19262: 19229: 19211:from the original on 22 December 2023 19018:from the original on 30 December 2023 18932: 18908:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 18873: 18696: 18645: 18618:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 18615: 18427:The Unity of Philosophical Experience 18288: 18232: 18187: 18168: 18035:from the original on 11 December 2017 17930: 17872:Erasmus Student Journal of Philosophy 17806: 17732: 17688: 17676:. Nantes Institute for Advanced Study 17601: 17535: 17437: 17114:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 16901: 16873: 16809:from the original on 13 December 2023 16701:from the original on 10 November 2023 16573: 16458: 16420: 16081: 16050: 15939:from the original on 25 December 2023 15922: 15869: 15835: 15720: 15638: 15504:from the original on 30 November 2023 15411: 15268: 15066: 15048:from the original on 30 December 2023 15015: 14935:from the original on 19 December 2023 14758:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 14626:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.401 14613: 14416:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 13933: 13698:from the original on 11 February 2023 13615: 13515: 13046: 13022:Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series 12994:from the original on 17 December 2023 12758: 12756: 12754: 12752: 12750: 12748: 12459: 12441:from the original on 28 November 2023 12420: 12411: 12343: 12324: 12322: 12212:Ptaszyński, Maciej (8 October 2021). 11968: 11912: 11864:from the original on 13 December 2023 11676: 11486: 11420: 11418: 11416: 11313:from the original on 9 September 2023 11109:Erasmus: His life, work and influence 10842: 10840: 10838: 10836: 10834: 10832: 10376:from the original on 23 February 2024 10256: 9950:Historian Fritz Caspari quipped that 9926:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 9844:Platonism and the English Imagination 9538: 9491:from the original on 25 December 2023 9250: 9016: 8960: 8905:Historian Kevin Ingram suggests "The 8641:Erasmus of Rotterdam Society Yearbook 8490:urged him to stay. However, Campion, 8389:from the original on 29 December 2023 8313: 7809:from the original on 9 September 2023 6557: 6238:", and a gently critical 'diatribe' " 5981:The world had laughed at his satire, 5920:, sketch: black chalk on paper, 1520. 5859:Johannes Œcolampadius by Asper (1550) 5841:), and the pastoral Holy Orders (see 4104: 3183:Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity 2745: 2689:In 1499 he was invited to England by 1812: 1804: 864:rejected in favor of the doctrine of 715: 27280:Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge 20535: 20421:Christ-von Wedel, Christine (2013). 19962: 19858: 19297: 19177:Church History and Religious Culture 18393: 18004:from the original on 6 December 2023 17892: 17815:from the original on 19 January 2024 17807:Olson, Roger E. (26 December 2010). 17632:Reformation & Renaissance Review 16775: 16732:from the original on 19 January 2024 16443: 16402:from the original on 29 October 2023 15925:"Erasmus on the Study of Scriptures" 15372: 14953: 14712:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 14662:from the original on 18 January 2024 14440: 14081:from the original on 12 January 2024 13652:"Erasmus and the Education of Women" 13404:from the original on 12 January 2024 13384:Varacalli, Thomas (1 January 2016). 13358: 12965:from the original on 16 January 2019 12910:from the original on 17 January 2024 12399:from the original on 30 October 2023 12328: 11744:: University of Toronto Press, 1974) 11446:from the original on 14 January 2024 10847:Goudriaan, Koen (6 September 2019). 10802: 10257:Lahey, Stephen Edmund (1 May 2009). 10094:from the original on 30 October 2023 10053: 9813:from the original on 1 November 2023 9756: 9661:encompassed both sacred literature ( 9160:from the original on 1 November 2023 8680: 8230: 8016: 6914: 6100: 6045:the Turks and colonize new islands. 5990: 4412:Intra-Christian religious toleration 4092: 4080:As his heir or executor he instated 3758:, some of them fleeing persecution. 3478: 3059:Book printed and illuminated at the 2793: • Christopher Fisher 2276: 2268: 2138: 2130: 27420:Translators of the Bible into Latin 21241:The Education of a Christian Prince 21018:in the catalogue Helveticat of the 20943:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 20931:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 20759:Garcia-Villoslada, Ricardo (1965) ' 20322:Gleason, John B. (1 January 1990). 20127:"Biblical Interpretation in Crisis" 20125:Ratzinger, Joseph (26 April 2008). 19873: 19838: 19778: 19604:. 17 March 2015. pp. 409–412. 19476:Bulletin of the History of Medicine 19437:Bulletin of the History of Medicine 19133:Rivista di Storia del Cristianesimo 19036: 18749:Williams, David (20 January 2024). 18505:"Alexander Pope: Erasmian Catholic" 18130:from the original on 11 August 2023 17899:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 17761:from the original on 11 August 2023 17193: 16961:131 Christians Everyone Should Know 16506:from the original on 1 January 2024 16473: 16320: 16198: 16138:Fairmount Folio: Journal of History 16101:Withnell, Stephen (25 April 2019). 15836:Tracy, James D. (23 October 2018). 15754:Xheraj, Blerina (4 December 2020). 15607: 15556: 15422: 14848:, Leiden: Brill, pp. 529–530, 14541:from the original on 4 January 2024 14509:(Thesis). University of Newcastle. 14334:. Phoenix Giant. pp. 161–162. 14321: 13912:from the original on 8 January 2024 13856:German Renaissance Prints 1490-1550 13782: 13624: 13194:Herbert, Amanda (23 January 2018). 13095:Huizinga, Dutch edition, pp. 52–53. 13028:from the original on 7 January 2024 12784: 12254:from the original on 10 August 2023 12004:Allen, P. S.; Colotius, A. (1910). 11774:from the original on 11 August 2023 11754:Erasmus, Desiderius (23 May 2009). 11587:from the original on 5 January 2024 11481:131 Christians Everyone Should Know 11464:DeMolen, Richard L. (1976).pp.10–11 11035:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 10531:Luther and the Reading of Scripture 10201:from the original on 11 August 2023 9769:from the original on 17 August 2010 9763:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 9402: 9282:Bulletin of the History of Medicine 9217: 8377:Trevor-Roper, Hugh (30 July 2020). 8285:, Humphrey Walkden and John Watson. 8061:some dignified administrative role. 7958:"Medieval Male Friendship Networks" 7922:On the Four Degrees of Violent Love 7087: 6378:Spongia adversus aspergines Hutteni 6120:Increasing disagreement with Luther 4719: 4359:he discusses (common translation) " 4339:He promoted and was present at the 4312:The Education of a Christian Prince 4254:The Education of a Christian Prince 3889:. In 1534 his distrusted protector 3810: 3450:Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset 3389:The Education of a Christian Prince 1871: 1863: 406:The Education of a Christian Prince 132:translations and exegesis, satire, 13: 21497:Against Henry, King of the English 20788: 20763:, Taurus Ediciones, Madrid, Spain. 20547:Pennington, Arthur Robert (1875). 20364: 19087:from the original on 25 April 2024 19049:from the original on 23 April 2024 18962:. Catholic University of America. 18933:Smith, John H. (15 October 2011). 18755:. McGill-Queens University Press. 17905:from the original on 13 March 2024 17844:from the original on 13 April 2021 17489:from the original on 6 August 2023 17206:from the original on 30 April 2023 16180:from the original on 19 April 2024 16113:from the original on 27 April 2024 16060:Erasmus and the Age of Reformation 16005:from the original on 26 March 2023 15480:Declarationes ad censuras Lutetiae 15298:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 14734:from the original on 30 April 2024 14632:from the original on 29 March 2024 14481:from the original on 12 April 2024 14207: 14030:"Cardinal Cajetan Renaissance Man" 13724:from the original on 30 April 2023 13522:. University of California Press. 13516:Tracy, James D. (1 January 1996). 13243:. Queens.cam.ac.uk. Archived from 13016:Cheng-Davies, Tania (1 May 2023). 12745: 12669:from the original on 26 April 2019 12561:"Archbishop Morton and St. Albans" 12377:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1988.tb02151.x 12319: 11413: 11024: 10829: 9725:Midmore, Brian (7 February 2007). 9531:Greek edition of the New Testament 9428:Paraphrase of Romans and Galatians 8618:Erasmus and the Age of Reformation 7797:Juhász, Gergely (1 January 2019). 7455:Portrait of Desiderius Erasmus by 7446: 7023:Paean in Honour of the Virgin Mary 6999:Paean in Honour of the Virgin Mary 6245:The publication of his brief book 5902: 5818: 3567:, Burgundy. Engraving possibly by 3464:, probably his last meetings with 2691:William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy 875: 717:[ˌdeːziˈdeːrijʏseːˈrɑsmʏs] 14: 27446: 27365:Historians of the Catholic Church 21840:Propaganda during the Reformation 21422: 21016:Publications by and about Erasmus 20861: 20550:The Life and Character of Erasmus 20530:Dutch original by Huizinga (1924) 20054:Sculpture International Rotterdam 19970:"Terminus, the Device of Erasmus" 19884:"Terminus, the Device of Erasmus" 19517:Boyle, Marjorie O'Rourke (1978). 19352:from the original on 17 July 2023 19340:Rummel, Erika (2 November 2022). 18788:from the original on 3 March 2024 18678:from the original on 3 March 2024 17523:The Life and Character of Erasmus 17465:Regier, Willis (1 January 2011). 17196:"Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam" 17060:from the original on 21 June 2023 17021:from the original on 11 July 2023 16892:Letter to Charles Utenhove (1523) 16831: 16776:Post, Regnerus Richardus (1968). 16719: 16302:from the original on 15 July 2023 16237:from the original on 15 July 2023 15817:from the original on 19 June 2023 15766:from the original on 19 June 2023 15589:from the original on 19 June 2023 15535:from the original on 15 July 2023 15324:from the original on 7 April 2024 15073:Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 14884:from the original on 21 June 2023 14874:Swiss American Historical Society 14700:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 14218:from the original on 21 June 2023 14195:from the original on 21 June 2023 13844:from the original on 17 July 2023 13306:from the original on 23 July 2023 13214:from the original on 22 June 2023 13149:Taylor, Fred M. (February 2021). 13116:from the original on 4 April 2023 13059:from the original on 19 July 2023 12725:Emerton, Ephraim (25 July 2020). 12599:from the original on 9 April 2024 12534:Masur-Matusevich, Yelena (2023). 12359:Harper-Bill, Christopher (1988). 12193:from the original on 11 July 2023 12091:from the original on 21 June 2023 12036:from the original on 11 July 2023 11499:Collected Works of Erasmus: Poems 11401:from the original on 20 July 2023 11041:from the original on 19 July 2023 11001:from the original on 22 July 2023 10698: 9759:"Desiderius Erasmus (1468?—1536)" 9316:from the original on 28 July 2023 8985:from the original on 19 June 2023 8887:from the original on 15 July 2023 8318:. Scribner and Sons. p. 112. 8047:had been the Latin Secretary for 7991:Collected Works of Erasmus: Poems 7881:Journal of Ecclesiastical History 7327:(scarf) (over left shoulder), or 7155:Legacy and evaluations of Erasmus 7053:Catalogue of the Works of Erasmus 6827: 6546:and John's Gospel", first in the 5867:. Erasmus was concerned that the 4633:Markish wrote that the charge of 3996: 3783:Ennaratio triplex in Psalmum XXII 1949: 1023:, triptych (c. 1501), painted in 28:Legacy and evaluations of Erasmus 27410:Roman Catholic biblical scholars 27390:People from Gouda, South Holland 27202: 25801: 25789: 25683:Stratification of emotional life 25132: 25126: 25120: 24861:The Closing of the American Mind 24781:Civilization and Its Discontents 24761:A Vindication of Natural Society 23626: 23625: 23615: 21687:Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam 21639:Weimar edition of Luther's works 21377: 21376: 21299: 21129: 21117: 21105: 21039: 20978: 20457:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 20315: 20302: 20284: 20266: 20252: 20209: 20191: 20173: 20155: 20137: 20118: 20093: 20067: 20041: 20032: 20007: 19996: 19990: 19792: 19767: 19749: 19714: 19675: 19639:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 19626: 19593: 19565: 19510: 19463: 19424: 19411: 19364: 19333: 19314: 19291: 19223: 19151: 19107:"IN PRAISE OF FOLLY, by Erasmus" 19099: 19030: 18981: 18949: 18926: 18898: 18874:Fudge, Thomas (1 January 1997). 18867: 18833: 18800: 18775: 18769: 18742: 18731: 18725: 18690: 18573: 18460: 18443: 18371: 18302: 18282: 18245: 18226: 18142: 18016: 17886: 17856: 17827: 17800: 17773: 17658: 17623: 17562: 17458: 17393: 17378: 17341: 17314: 17294: 17277: 17238: 17218: 17187: 17132: 17105: 17042: 17033: 16886: 16867: 16784: 16769: 16744: 16713: 16622: 16608: 16532: 16467: 16452: 16444:Kute, David (26 December 2019). 16437: 16414: 16347: 16314: 16286: 16260: 16192: 16125: 16094: 16075: 16017: 15951: 15880: 15863: 15829: 15778: 15747: 15714: 15693: 15658: 15639:Duffy, Eamon (1 November 2016). 15632: 15559:"The Christian Peace of Erasmus" 15516: 15491: 15485: 15472: 15439: 15348:The Cambridge History of Judaism 15134: 15106: 15060: 14974: 14947: 14896: 14861: 14837: 14782:Huizinga, Dutch edition, p. 202. 14776: 14716: 14693: 14680: 14674: 14644: 14614:Allen, Amanda (1 January 2014). 14607: 14434: 14361: 14348: 14287:"Letters 2803 to 2939. Part 2". 14241:"Letters 2803 to 2939. Part 2". 14233: 14174: 14107:Hirsch, Elisabeth Feist (1951). 14069:Geurts, Twan (17 October 2022). 14062: 14050:from the original on 13 May 2024 14003: 13894: 13861: 13826: 13813: 13710: 13561: 13543: 13467: 13377: 13318: 13259: 13229: 13128: 13098: 13089: 13079:"Erasmus, Desiderius (ERSS465D)" 13071: 13040: 12851:Shire, Helena M., Stewart Style 11913:Allen, Grace (24 October 2019). 11834:from the original on 6 June 2017 11157:Erasmus in the Twentieth Century 10849:"New Evidence on Erasmus' Youth" 10713:from the original on 29 May 2018 10671: 10662: 10645: 10631: 10614: 10604: 10591: 10581: 10572: 10536: 10520: 10499: 10485: 10474: 10465: 10455: 10442: 10406: 10397: 10388: 10342: 10321: 10311: 10298: 10273: 10245: 10213: 10177: 10133: 10120: 10107: 10046: 10033: 10020: 10003: 9969:Mann Phillips, Margaret (1964). 9957: 9944: 9872: 9835: 9825: 9781: 9745: 9717: 9708: 9688: 9645: 9633: 9621: 9606: 9594: 9585: 9572: 9563: 9442: 9432: 9420: 9367:) Jew had become a most wicked ( 9353: 9263: 9243: 9231: 9205: 9195: 9186: 9173: 9112: 9103: 9094: 9085: 9071: 9061: 9051: 8997: 8924: 8899: 8867: 8834: 8825: 8761: 8747: 8734: 8721: 8699:10.1111/j.0028-4289.2005.00081.x 8673: 8659: 8627: 8600:Paraphrases of the New Testament 8585: 8572: 8563: 8549: 8540: 8531: 8522: 8497: 8480: 8470: 8444: 8437:Engineered by reformer Cardinal 8431: 8422: 8401: 8347: 8322: 8306: 8293:(Thesis). Newcastle University. 8275: 8265: 7654:From 1997 to 2008, the American 7558:Henry VIII: The Mind of a Tyrant 7477:Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam 7043:List of Erasmus's correspondents 6952:any artificial pomp of reasoning 6719: 5772: 5760: 4768: 4760: 4752: 4727: 3973:. Erasmus' correspondent Bishop 2831:Handbook of the Christian Knight 2522:). He enjoyed horseback riding. 2410: 2388: 2381: 2358: 2351: 2327: 2320: 2313: 2306: 2299: 2275: 2267: 2258: 2251: 2244: 2237: 2230: 2210: 2203: 2196: 2175: 2168: 2161: 2137: 2129: 2120: 2113: 2105: 2097: 2075: 2068: 2061: 2054: 2032: 2025: 2018: 2011: 1990: 1983: 1962: 1955: 1948: 1941: 1934: 1927: 1906: 1899: 1892: 1870: 1862: 1853: 1846: 1839: 1832: 1811: 1803: 1794: 1787: 1764: 1757: 1737: 1730: 1708: 1701: 1681: 1661: 1654: 1647: 1628: 1621: 1601: 627: 63:Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam 27380:Old University of Leuven alumni 27255:16th-century Dutch philosophers 26160:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite 21465:Sermon on Indulgences and Grace 21281:Exposytion of the Commune Creed 20996:Literature by and about Erasmus 20784:, Barcelona, Llibres de l'Índex 20454:Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam 20205:. Erasmus University Rotterdam. 20048:Giltaij, Jeroen (12 May 2015). 18561:. 28 (Number 106- (2–3): 1–20. 18196:. University of Toronto Press. 17970:Journal of the History of Ideas 17739:. University of Toronto Press. 17404:. University of Toronto Press. 16853:The Religious Orders in England 16298:. University of Chicago Press. 15923:Meyer, Carl (1 December 1969). 15870:Yoder, Klaus C. (17 May 2016). 15791:Asian Journal of Social Science 15723:Pacifism and English Literature 15620:from the original on 7 May 2023 15379:May, Harry S.; ה', מאי (1973). 13551:"500 years Collegium Trilingue" 13047:Askin, Lindsey (12 July 2013). 12947: 12922: 12892: 12862: 12845: 12833: 12824: 12815: 12765: 12728:Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam 12718: 12681: 12651: 12552: 12527: 12492: 12453: 12352: 12337: 12205: 12160: 12128: 12103: 12073: 12059:. University of Toronto Press. 11997: 11962: 11948:. University of Toronto Press. 11935: 11928:10.4000/laboratoireitalien.3742 11906: 11876: 11846: 11811: 11786: 11760:. University of Toronto Press. 11747: 11731: 11718: 11695: 11660:Gasquet, Francis Aidan (1900). 11567: 11458: 11427: 11424:DeMolen, Richard L. (1976),p.13 11368: 11355: 11343:from the original on 1 May 2023 11325: 11266: 11227: 11208: 11196:from the original on 1 May 2023 11182: 11160:. University of Toronto Press. 10060:Journal of the History of Ideas 9523:criticizing the Catholic church 9350:family, on their mother's side. 8219: 8209: 8200: 8191: 8177: 8168: 8159: 8139: 8115: 8087: 8073: 8064: 8054: 8037: 8007: 7969: 7928: 7893: 7860: 7834: 7821: 7789: 7776: 7368:as a personal symbol and had a 6236:On the Measureless Mercy of God 4120:literal and tropological senses 3962:, fled and died in self-exile. 3393:Institutio principis Christiani 2328: 2321: 2314: 2259: 2252: 2204: 1928: 1795: 1758: 1089:, where Erasmus spent his youth 16:Dutch humanist (c. 1469 – 1536) 27310:Critics of the Catholic Church 25873:History of the Catholic Church 21980:All Saints' Church, Wittenberg 21672:Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn 21607:On the Councils and the Church 21513:The Adoration of the Sacrament 21357:Praemium Erasmianum Foundation 21209:Handbook of a Christian Knight 20735: 20728:Erasmus' Doctrine of Free Will 20719:Quinones, Ricardo J. (2010). 20403:Bentley-Taylor, David (2002). 20369: 20163:"Erasmus School of Philosophy" 19810:(EXARC Journal Issue 2018/3). 19277:10.1080/00043079.2005.10786256 18190:"Erasmus on the New Testament" 17840:(Masters). Durham University. 17400:Manfred Hoffmann, ed. (2010). 17225:Alfsvåg, Knut (October 1995). 16800:The Monasric Research Bulletin 16492:(inactive 10 September 2024). 13053:Queens' Old Library Books Blog 12774:Concordia Theeological Monthly 12114:. Christian Publishing House. 11708:Victorine Texts in Translation 10908: 10898:Italia Medioevale e Umanistica 10889: 10796: 10725: 10692: 9886:, but also close knowledge of 9651:An expression Erasmus coined. 9218:Ron, Nathan (1 January 2020). 9134:Archivum Historiae Pontificiae 7742: 7733: 7352:Signet ring and personal motto 7309:Canons regular of St Augustine 6807: 4681: 4516:parable of the wheat and tares 3456:In 1520 he was present at the 2450:Red and green lines: horseback 2411: 2162: 2062: 2055: 1738: 1702: 1655: 1602: 902:and as a religious refugee in 848:. He remained a member of the 820:Handbook of a Christian Knight 623:Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus 385:Handbook of a Christian Knight 121:Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus 1: 27270:16th-century writers in Latin 26522:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 25919:History of Christian theology 24751:Oration on the Dignity of Man 21954:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 21489:On the Freedom of a Christian 21440:Resources about Martin Luther 20805:The Correspondence of Erasmus 20626:Bietenholz, Peter G. (2009). 20543:. Cambridge University Press. 20490:Erasmus: A Critical Biography 19916:"Erasmus and the Visual Arts" 19602:The Correspondence of Erasmus 19157:Galli, Mark, and Olsen, Ted. 18394:Wolf, Erik (1 January 1978). 17941:10.1017/CHOL9780521300087.005 17895:"Cicero: Academic Skepticism" 17644:10.1080/14622459.2019.1612979 17509:Concordia Theological Journal 17321:István Pieter Bejczy (2001). 17245:Costello, Gabriel J. (2018). 17175:. 20 (Number 77) (1): 85–88. 16973:Kleinhans, Robert G. (1970). 16959:Galli, Mark, and Olsen, Ted. 16446:"Erasmus and the Ideal Ruler" 15929:Concordia Theological Monthly 15525:"The Complaint of Peace, p57" 15208:10.1017/CHOL9780521042550.011 14956:The English Historical Review 14807:Truman State University Press 14563:Bietenholz, Peter G. (1966). 14372:: 335–339. 31 December 2020. 14370:The Correspondence of Erasmus 14291:: 151–302. 31 December 2020. 14289:The Correspondence of Erasmus 14245:: 151–302. 31 December 2020. 14243:The Correspondence of Erasmus 13902:"Altbasel - Erasmus in Basel" 13858:, BM exh. cat. 1995, no. 238. 13656:The Sixteenth Century Journal 12565:The English Historical Review 12424:Erasmus, the Growth of a Mind 12344:Adams, Robert Pardee (1937). 12010:The English Historical Review 11728:, Duke University Press, 1994 11677:Molen, Richard L. de (1987). 11496:Harry Vredeveld, ed. (1993), 11111:, University of Toronto, 1991 10686: 10428:10.1080/13574175.2017.1387967 10117:Nichols, ep. 59; Allen, ep 64 9973:. Cambridge University Press. 9685:) by classical pagan authors. 8788:The Sixteenth Century Journal 7988:Harry Vredeveld, ed. (1993), 7717: 7630:has been produced since 1981. 7291:; right, holding a heart, is 6773:Following Paul, Quintillian ( 6065:Between friends all is common 5879:In 1530, Erasmus published a 5850: 3787:Triple Commentary on Psalm 23 3718:Archduke Ferdinand of Austria 3422:—financed by his late friend 2389: 2245: 2238: 2231: 2176: 2169: 2121: 2076: 2033: 2019: 1963: 1854: 1833: 1709: 1622: 1258: 910: 78: 27330:Dutch expatriates in England 25850:History of Catholic theology 24821:The Society of the Spectacle 23556:Desacralization of knowledge 22010:Melanchthonhaus (Wittenberg) 21720:Heidelberg Disputation, 1518 21680:A Mighty Fortress Is Our God 21010:Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek 20916:Resources in other libraries 20892:Resources in other libraries 20680:MacPhail, Eric (ed) (2023). 20657:Gulik, Egbertus van (2018). 20650:Furey, Constance M. (2009). 20581:Erasmus of the Low Countries 20377:Augustijn, Cornelis (1995). 20199:"Erasmus University College" 19789:Treu, Erwin (1959). pp.20–21 19633:Dequeker, J. (1 July 1991). 19600:"Erasmus' Illness in 1530". 18880:Journal of Religious History 18652:History of Political Thought 17140:"Letter of 6 September 1524" 16861:10.1017/CBO9780511560668.012 16084:History of Political Thought 15575:10.1080/10848770.2013.859793 13936:"Erasmus and His Amanuenses" 13934:Blair, Ann (13 March 2019). 13519:Erasmus of the Low Countries 12929:Erasmus, Desiderius (2016). 12702:10.1484/M.LECTIO-EB.5.116073 12313:UK public library membership 12055:Erasmus, Desiderius (1974). 11942:Erasmus, Desiderius (1989). 11606:Mazzonis, Querciolo (2018). 10969:DeMolen, Richard L. (1976). 10655:wrote in the Preface to his 9852:10.1017/CBO9780511553806.010 9253:History of Political Thought 9124:Fifth Council of the Lateran 8450:"When the Lutheran tragedy ( 7962:The Monastic Review Bulletin 7635:Erasmus University Rotterdam 7564: 6957:Erasmus, The Praise of Folly 6445: 5883:of the orthodox treatise of 5839:On the Preparation for Death 4592:On the war against the Turks 4560: 4422:secret inclination of nature 4232:Erasmus was not an absolute 3452:, a former pupil of Erasmus. 2382: 2352: 2307: 2300: 2211: 2114: 2069: 2026: 1956: 1942: 1935: 1907: 1847: 1840: 1788: 1765: 1731: 1662: 1648: 1580:Cities and Routes of Erasmus 1027:, later owned by his friend 136:, letters, author and editor 7: 27340:Dutch Renaissance humanists 27335:Dutch expatriates in France 25275:Theological intellectualism 22968:Best of all possible worlds 22925:Eschatological verification 22482:Fine-tuning of the universe 22005:Martin Luther's Death House 22000:Martin Luther's Birth House 21863:Hans and Margarethe Luther 21776:Priesthood of all believers 21233:Julius Excluded from Heaven 21090:. NGN produkties Amsterdam. 21038:(public domain audiobooks) 20698:McDonald, Grantley (2016). 20671:Martin, Terence J. (2016). 20038:Stein, Wilhelm (1929), p.78 19735:10.1093/rheumatology/keg474 19688:The Journal of Rheumatology 19470:Benedek, Thomas G. (1983). 19298:Moss, Ann (14 March 1996). 18988:Chaudhury, Sarbani (2014). 18429:. Charles Scribner's Sons. 18123:. University of Cambridge. 18084:Laytam, Miles J.J. (2007). 17388:, (1706), vol. 10, 1578BC. 16834:"The Colloquies of Erasmus" 16490:10.1007/978-3-030-79860-4_4 16220:10.21071/refime.v26i1.11846 15762:. University of Leicester. 15665:Cahill, Lisa Sowle (2019). 15433:10.1007/978-3-030-24929-8_6 14903:Żantuan, Konstanty (1965). 14844:Jan Van Herwaarden (2003), 14728:University of Toronto Press 14441:Bell, Aubrey F. G. (1941). 13718:"Erasmus House, Anderlecht" 13083:A Cambridge Alumni Database 13055:. Queenslib.wordpress.com. 12904:University of Toronto Press 12879:"Erasmus, Desiderius" 12513:10.3366/more.2014.51.3-4.13 12283:"Erasmus circle in England" 12167:Coroleu, Alejandro (2014). 11818:Kuhner, John Byron (2017). 11365:. Davidsfonds/Leuven, 2004. 11273:Miller, Clement A. (1966). 11217:The Cloister and the Hearth 9677:), and profane literature ( 9451:Tentler, Thomas N. (1965). 9128:Minnich, Nelson H. (1969). 8316:Life and Letters of Erasmus 7705:are named after him, as is 7555:'s 2009 documentary series 7481:Portrait of Erasmus (Dürer) 7270: 7223: 7136:Julius Excluded from Heaven 6716:of the traditional view". 4699:While many humanists, from 4227:Method of True Theology, 4 4203: 4005:Epitaph for Erasmus in the 3360:of Antwerp, in whose house 3210:Queens' College Old Library 2448:Thin line: alpine crossings 2359: 2197: 2012: 1991: 1984: 1900: 1893: 1682: 1629: 1155:Circle of Latin Secretaries 1040:Brethren of the Common Life 10: 27451: 27430:University of Turin alumni 27425:University of Paris alumni 26948:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin 26938:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange 26223:Transubstantiation dispute 25653:Principle of double effect 21964:Albrecht VII. von Mansfeld 21615:On the Jews and Their Lies 21537:On the Bondage of the Will 21006:Works by and about Erasmus 20795:Collected Works of Erasmus 20686:. Leiden and Boston: Brill 20643:Dodds, Gregory D. (2010). 20511:; Flower, Barbara (1952). 20274:"Erasmus Building history" 19326:. In Eric MacPhail (ed.), 18567:10.3366/more.1991.28.2-3.4 18509:Eighteenth-Century Studies 18333:Scheck, Thomas P. (2016). 17352:Collected Works of Erasmus 17144:Collected Works of Erasmus 16791:Lusset, Elizabeth (2012). 16751:Wallace, Peter G. (2004). 16685:10.1017/CCOL0521772249.005 16553:10.1177/004056397103200415 15981:Trapman, Johannes (2013). 15803:10.1163/156853106776150225 15785:Dallmayr, Fred R. (2006). 15141:Trinkaus, Charles (1976). 14703:"Desiderius Erasmus" 13789:Müller, Christian (2006). 13750:Serikoff, Nicolaj (2004). 13444:10.14330/jeail.2009.2.2.05 13390:LSU Doctoral Dissertations 13369:Borusowski, Piotr (2020). 13085:. University of Cambridge. 12984:Seebohm, Frederic (1869). 12859:Cambridge (1964), 305-307. 12507:(3–4 (197–198)): 231–244. 11738:Collected Works of Erasmus 11440:World History Encyclopedia 11234:Grendler, Paul F. (1983). 11094:. London: Longmans, Green. 10558:10.1177/004057360706400109 10350:Hoffmann, Manfred (1994). 10162:10.1177/004057360706400109 9542:Contesting the Reformation 9457:Studies in the Renaissance 8149:Monastic Research Bulletin 7956:Haseldine, Julian (2006). 7647:Erasmus University College 7474: 7315:with linen and lace choir 7152: 7091: 7040: 7034: 6868:The Christology of Erasmus 6777:) and Gregory the Great's 6258:in relation to salvation. 6221:§ On Free Will (1524) 6218: 6212: 4815:Principle of Double Effect 4586:, which was then invading 4438:or absolutely mandated by 4301: 3919:In 1535, Erasmus' friends 3822:, Archbishop of Canterbury 3765:, his manual on preaching 3697:Freiburg (1529–1535) 3458:Field of the Cloth of Gold 3442:Field of the Cloth of Gold 1570: 1107:Congregation of Windesheim 783:scholarly editions of the 361:Criticism of Protestantism 174:Queens' College, Cambridge 31: 25: 18: 27197: 27116: 26925: 26784: 26654: 26530: 26409: 26266: 26173: 26033: 25927: 25865: 25856: 25784: 25723: 25520: 25297: 25267: 25229: 25186: 25148: 25141: 25118: 25052: 24999: 24903: 24891:Intellectuals and Society 24841:The Culture of Narcissism 24732: 24400: 24192: 24141: 24070: 23984: 23977: 23917: 23679: 23611: 23543: 23447: 23332: 23252: 23187: 23109: 23016: 23001: 22953: 22915: 22627: 22552: 22427: 22418: 22348: 22285: 22276: 22207: 22144: 22119: 22033: 22015:St. Augustine's Monastery 21972: 21856: 21766:Theology of Martin Luther 21756:Augsburg Confession, 1530 21700: 21647: 21448: 21430: 21372: 21341: 21308: 21297: 21192: 21179: 20969:Works by or about Erasmus 20911:Resources in your library 20887:Resources in your library 20770:, Ravenna, SBC Edizioni, 20716:. Palgrave Macmillan Cham 20709:. Palgrave Macmillan Cham 20689:Massing, Michael (2022). 20599: 20537:Jebb, Richard Claverhouse 19610:10.3138/9781442668331-008 19433:"Erasmus' Medical Milieu" 19240:10.1163/9789004539686_014 19189:10.1163/18712428-09604006 19071:Mccuaig, William (1994). 18956:Alianello, Emily (2019). 18943:10.7591/9780801463273-003 18817:10.1017/9781108761437.002 18752:The Communion of the Book 18711:10.1163/18749275-03901009 18068:10.1163/18749275-03601014 17794:10.1163/18749275-03502003 17709:10.1163/9789401202985_006 17617:10.1163/18749275-03702007 17579:10.1163/9789004539686_005 17546:10.1163/9789004255630_007 17181:10.3366/more.1983.20.1.22 17126:10.1163/18749275-13330103 17098:10.1163/18749275-04401002 16902:Green, Lowell C. (1974). 16673:"The theology of Erasmus" 16639:10.1515/9780228015857-009 16631:The Communion of the Book 16431:10.1515/9781501764769-005 16331:10.1007/978-3-030-24929-8 15456:10.1163/9789004539686_012 15356:10.1017/9781139017169.014 15279:10.1017/9781108775434.011 15128:10.1163/18749275-03601005 15034:10.1163/18749275-03901009 14981:Guggisbert, Hans (2003). 14870:"Erasmus and Switzerland" 14798:Sixteenth Century Journal 14567:. Geneva: Librairie Droz. 14428:10.1163/18749275-00000006 14378:10.3138/9781487532833-007 14297:10.3138/9781487532833-005 14251:10.3138/9781487532833-005 14158:10.1017/9781139087728.005 13987:10.3138/9781442660076-002 13952:10.1163/18749275-03901011 13488:10.1163/9789004255630_009 13373:. UNIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI. 13325:Seidel Menchi, S. (ed.). 13237:"Old Library Collections" 13141:Wine In The Ancient World 13138:Seltman, Charles (1957). 12830:Treu, Erwin (1959),pp.8–9 12801:10.1163/9789004473676_024 12731:. BoD – Books on Demand. 12577:10.1093/ehr/XXIV.XCIII.91 12231:10.1163/18749275-04102001 12022:10.1093/ehr/XXV.XCVII.123 11983:10.1163/15700690-12341402 10865:10.1163/18749275-03902002 10813:10.1515/9780823295289-004 10790:10.1017/9781108264945.005 10359:. University of Toronto. 9987:10.1163/9789004539686_005 9938:10.1163/18749275-00000005 9601:monachatus non est pietas 9326:Erasmus's Spanish friend 9278:"Erasmus' Medical Milieu" 9027:10.3138/9781487510206-020 8961:Surtz, Edward L. (1950). 8860:) where the prejudice is 8635:Congregation of the Index 8486:Prominent reformers like 8121:Dispensed of his vows of 7658:had an Erasmus Institute. 7228: 6870:(Publisher's description 6093:the former master of the 6089:, and Dominicans such as 6085:such as Jean Vitrier and 4710: 4291:medieval lay spirituality 4250:On the War with the Turks 3192:Erasmus mainly stayed at 3087: 3031:Doctor of Sacred Theology 2805:: Bishop Henry of Bergen, 2419: 2401: 2397: 2371: 2367: 2341: 2336: 2290: 2285: 2224: 2219: 2189: 2184: 2152: 2147: 2089: 2084: 2045: 2041: 2004: 1999: 1976: 1971: 1920: 1915: 1885: 1880: 1826: 1821: 1778: 1773: 1751: 1746: 1721: 1717: 1694: 1690: 1674: 1670: 1641: 1637: 1614: 1610: 1594: 1512: 616: 612: 604: 594: 584: 579: 575: 571: 567: 476: 467:Lectio difficilior potior 429: 369: 318: 292: 276: 266: 261: 192: 161: 156: 152: 140: 125: 117: 98: 74: 54: 42: 27290:Burials at Basel Münster 26862:Matthias Joseph Scheeben 26055:Athanasius of Alexandria 25947:First Epistle of Clement 24881:The Malaise of Modernity 24831:The History of Sexuality 23930:Catholic social teaching 23197:Friedrich Schleiermacher 22783:Theories about religions 22585:Inconsistent revelations 21818:Eucharist in Lutheranism 21744:Decet Romanum Pontificem 21025: 21012:(German Digital Library) 20801:, in English translation 20395:Barker, William (2022). 20079:european-union.europa.eu 19914:Panofsky, Erwin (1969). 19431:Krivatsy, Peter (1973). 19371:Kloss, Waldemar (1907). 18503:Chapin, Chester (1973). 18480:10.4102/aosis.2023.BK448 18450:Gilson, Étienne (1990). 18425:Gilson, Etienne (1937). 18379:The Sileni of Alcibiades 18339:Erasmus's Life of Origen 18169:Spitz, Lewis W. (1967). 18158:. Tübingen: Mohr Siebec. 17863:Linkels, Nicole (2013). 17283:A reference to Luther's 15887:Kieffer, Amanda (2006). 15641:"The End of Christendom" 15610:"The Complaint of Peace" 15292:Williams, W. J. (1927). 15248:10.1177/0014524608091090 14868:Campion, Edmund (2003). 14537:(Thesis). UC San Diego. 14028:Seaver, William (1959). 13168:10.1177/0024363920968427 12559:Gairdner, James (1909). 12462:"Erasmus' Greek Studies" 12421:Tracy, James D. (1972). 12348:. University of Chicago. 11858:www.1902encyclopedia.com 11820:"The Vatican's Latinist" 11726:Queering the Renaissance 11702:Kraebel, Andrew (2011). 10491:"Erasmus insists in the 10054:Rice, Eugene F. (1950). 9539:Dixon, C. Scott (2012). 9276:Krivatsy, Peter (1973). 8287:Schofield, John (2003). 7938:Thomson, D.F.S. (1969). 7831:house, Stein (or Steyn). 7726: 7661:The Erasmus Building in 7656:University of Notre Dame 7405:Hans Holbein the Younger 7030: 6538:According to theologian 6486:is regarded as his own. 6361: 6321:In 1529, Erasmus wrote " 6232:The Inquisition of Faith 4573: 4483:The Sileni of Alcibiades 3887:Hugo von Hohenlandenberg 3600:Adagiorum Chiliades tres 3507:Hans Holbein the Younger 3429:By 1518, he reported to 3424:Hieronymus van Busleyden 3256:Hieronymus van Busleyden 3141:Hans Holbein the Younger 2892: 2867:Hans Holbein the Younger 2525: 1021:Temptation of St Anthony 21:Erasmus (disambiguation) 27360:Greek–Latin translators 26973:Dietrich von Hildebrand 26837:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi 26711:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet 26691:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda 26233:Paulinus II of Aquileia 26228:Predestination disputes 25280:Theological voluntarism 24961:Philosophy of education 22020:Veste Coburg (Fortress) 21569:On War Against the Turk 21289:Ecclesiastes of Erasmus 21265:The Freedom of the Will 21000:German National Library 20766:Lorenzo Cortesi (2012) 20726:Winters, Adam. (2005). 20664:Payne, John B. (1970). 20340:10.1163/187492790X00085 19975:Cleveland Museum of Art 19889:Cleveland Museum of Art 19865:Stein, Wilhelm (1929). 19850:Stein, Wilhelm (1929). 19389:10.5840/monist190717138 19045:. Thomistic Institute. 18968:1961/cuislandora:213631 18920:10.1163/187492798X00069 18892:10.1111/1467-9809.00039 18630:10.1163/187492795X00053 18276:10.3138/j.ctt1287x95.12 17964:Caspari, Fritz (1947). 17665:Laursen, J. C. (2016). 16459:Payne, John B. (1970). 16423:The Salvation of Israel 15494:"Erasmus: Then and Now" 15425:Erasmus and the “Other” 15016:Moore, Michael (2019). 14770:10.1163/187492703X00036 14503:Mackay, Lauren (2019). 14010:Pastor, Ludwig (1923). 13650:Sowards, J. K. (1982). 13284:10.1163/002820390X00024 12885:Encyclopædia Britannica 11797:. Stroud: Sutton publ. 11681:. Nieuwkoop: De Graaf. 11337:Encyclopedia Britannica 11214:The 19th-century novel 11190:"Catholic Encyclopedia" 10707:Encyclopædia Britannica 10327:Furthermore, "the role 10283:between 1150 and 1180, 9898:goal of peace of mind, 9793:De recta pronuntiatione 8864:in order to subvert it. 8653:10.1163/187492700X00048 8492:Erasmus and Switzerland 8330:Bartholome de las Casas 8123:stability and obedience 8109:10.1163/157006994X00117 7908:On Spiritual Friendship 7399:Painting of Erasmus as 7341:) or long black cloak. 6927:superficially repellent 6668:Method of True Theology 6138:Lucas Cranach the Elder 4931:Theological determinism 4689:Christians in Antioch. 4612: 4468:In a letter to Cardial 4343:, and his wide-ranging 4328:Dulce bellum inexpertis 4266:development of doctrine 4236:but promoted political 3839:Alonso Manrique de Lara 3479:Basel (1521–1529) 3238:Burgundy/Louvain circle 3175:University of Cambridge 3088:Neakadêmia (Νεακαδημία) 2759:Publio Fausto Andrelini 2555:Publio Fausto Andrelini 2446:Dark circles: residence 1053:The Imitation of Christ 962:Compendium vitae Erasmi 845:matters of indifference 826:On Civility in Children 413:Novum Instrumentum omne 392:On Civility in Children 356:Philosophy of education 300:University of Cambridge 112:, Old Swiss Confederacy 27435:Writers from Rotterdam 27209:Catholicism portal 27058:Hans Urs von Balthasar 26857:Tommaso Maria Zigliara 26797:Félicité de La Mennais 26476:The Cloud of Unknowing 25977:The Shepherd of Hermas 25796:Catholicism portal 23900: 23854: 23840: 23061:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers 22201:Philosophy of religion 22093:Martin Luther, Heretic 21985:Stadtkirche Wittenberg 21751:Marburg Colloquy, 1529 21249:Paraphrases of Erasmus 21201:Prosopopeia Britanniae 21049:from BBC Radio 4 with 21020:Swiss National Library 20811:Rabil, Albert (2001). 20683:A Companion to Erasmus 20668:, Research in Theology 20557:Rummel, Erika (2004). 19328:A Companion to Erasmus 19232:A Companion to Erasmus 18347:10.2307/j.ctt19rmcgd.7 18292:Flowers of Freethought 18289:Foote, George (1894). 18175:Reformers in Profile: 17834:Innerd, W. L. (1969). 17571:A Companion to Erasmus 17354:, Vol. 76, pp. 204–05. 17327:. Brill. p. 172. 16828:A Religious Pilgrimage 16671:Rummel, Erika (2004). 16354:Rummel, Erika (1989). 16272:Jewish Virtual Library 16268:"Erasmus of Rotterdam" 16041:Froude, James Anthony 16029:apostoliki-diakonia.gr 15448:A Companion to Erasmus 15159:10.14315/arg-1976-jg01 15085:10.14315/arg-1987-jg03 14531:Ingram, Kevin (2006). 14328:Wilson, Derek (1996). 13629:. Palgrave Macmillan. 13266:Rummel, Erika (1990). 12955:"History and Archives" 12762:Treu, Erwin (1959),p.8 12637:10.3366/more.2022.0119 12460:Giese, Rachel (1934). 12298:10.1093/ref:odnb/96813 11375:Roosen, Joris (2020). 11236:"In Praise of Erasmus" 10904:: 215–55, esp. 238–39. 10448:Not a novel idea: see 10221:Philosophia christiana 10115:Erasmus to Thomas Grey 9979:A Companion to Erasmus 9797:Bacchi, Elisa (2019). 9682: 9674: 9666: 9372: 9364: 9346:similarly came from a 9011:" R. Sider translates 9008: 8932: 8881:Jewish Virtual Library 8877:"Erasmus of Rotterdam" 8455: 7982: 7872:Reformation: A History 7769: 7472: 7464: 7424: 7418: 7407: 7361: 7337: 7322: 7300: 7282: 7201: 7183: 7168: 7149:Legacy and evaluations 7142:The Complaint of Peace 7028: 6990: 6972:patristic commentators 6960: 6876: 6694: 6672: 6631:classical philosophers 6624:Philosophia Christiana 6609: 6579: 6567: 6536: 6514: 6434: 6425:Philosophy and Erasmus 6359: 6336: 6314: 6295: 6261:Luther responded with 6206: 6184: 6163: 6140: 6026: 5979: 5926:Protestant Reformation 5921: 5860: 5767:Catholicism portal 5119:Gregory (of Nazianzus) 4983:Christian Neoplatonism 4622: 4590:, notably in his book 4538: 4535:Letter to Martin Bucer 4488: 4450: 4341:Field of Cloth of Gold 4327: 4297: 4284: 4281:The Complaint of Peace 4262:The Complaint of Peace 4230: 4056: 4048: 4009: 3856:Complutensian Polyglot 3834: 3823: 3730: 3662: 3636:Novum testamentum omne 3572: 3553:Christoph von Utenheim 3453: 3352: 3143: 3078:of the famous printer 3071: 3042: 2874: 1139: 1090: 1031: 1004: 961: 938: 814:The Complaint of Peace 793:Protestant Reformation 504:Johannes Oecolampadius 450:Erasmian pronunciation 82: 28 October 1466 27375:Natural law ethicists 27315:Deaths from dysentery 27295:Catholic philosophers 26983:Marie-Dominique Chenu 26902:Marie-Joseph Lagrange 26887:Désiré-Joseph Mercier 26771:Clement Mary Hofbauer 26766:Johann Michael Sailer 26193:Maximus the Confessor 25885:History of the papacy 25808:Philosophy portal 25623:Infused righteousness 24966:Philosophy of history 24956:Philosophy of culture 24851:A Conflict of Visions 23596:Faith and rationality 23551:Criticism of religion 23489:Robert Merrihew Adams 23479:Nicholas Wolterstorff 22682:Divine command theory 21899:Bartholomaeus Arnoldi 21894:Albert of Brandenburg 21771:Theology of the Cross 21657:First Lutheran hymnal 21585:Articles of Schwabach 20817:Renaissance Quarterly 20659:Erasmus and His Books 20561:. London: Continuum. 20471:Froude, James Anthony 20431:Erasmus: the reformer 20296:queensconferences.com 20240:. Europa (web portal) 19575:Renaissance Quarterly 19523:Renaissance Quarterly 19009:10.14277/2420-823X/3p 18782:www.christianunity.va 18471:The Belgic Confession 18202:10.3138/9781487533250 18148:Harold W. Attridge, “ 17515:26 March 2023 at the 17410:10.3138/9781442660076 16584:10.3138/9781487533250 16360:Renaissance Quarterly 16249:Renaissance Quarterly 15731:10.1057/9780230583641 15721:White, R. S. (2008). 15067:Tracy, James (1987). 14709:Catholic Encyclopedia 14591:10.3138/9781487536695 13975:Introductpry Note in 13878:10.3138/9781442680944 13599:10.3138/9781442681019 13359:Kaminska, Barbara A. 13155:The Linacre Quarterly 12874:Allen, Percy Stafford 12857:The Adages of Erasmus 12538:. Turnhout: Brepols. 12466:The Classical Journal 11533:Renaissance Quarterly 11279:The Musical Quarterly 11166:10.3138/9781442674554 11107:Cornelius Augustijn, 11062:Renaissance Quarterly 10935:Renaissance Quarterly 10746:Catholic Encyclopedia 10353:Rhetoric and Theology 10285:Nicolas of Autrecourt 9704:Catholic Encyclopedia 9641:Catholic Encyclopedia 9525:for years before the 8946:Note that the use of 8858:the Mote and the Beam 8681:Kerr, Fergus (2005). 8622:Francis Aidan Gasquet 8456:Lutheranae tragoediae 7475:Further information: 7470: 7454: 7416: 7398: 7359: 7278: 7191: 7170: 7162: 7003: 6964: 6949: 6858: 6680: 6658: 6648:In works such as his 6595: 6569: 6565: 6525: 6503: 6432: 6340: 6331: 6327:Gerardus Geldenhouwer 6300: 6277: 6219:Further information: 6196: 6179: 6127: 6005: 5965: 5915: 5908:Institutional reforms 5858: 5779:Philosophy portal 4620: 4527: 4474: 4448: 4367:Cicero and John Colet 4273: 4220: 4179:Second Temple Judaism 4097:Biographers, such as 4004: 3981:for five years under 3829: 3818: 3805:Preparation for Death 3801:Praeparatio ad mortem 3726: 3660: 3562: 3439: 3401:Ferdinand of Hapsburg 3343: 3135: 3058: 2864: 2823:Abbey of Saint Bertin 2220:Freiburg im Breisgau 1080: 1015: 929: 580:Ecclesiastical career 27159:Raniero Cantalamessa 27129:Alice von Hildebrand 27078:Edward Schillebeeckx 26756:Maria Gaetana Agnesi 26641:Lawrence of Brindisi 26571:Francisco de Vitoria 26361:Beatrice of Nazareth 26336:Hugh of Saint Victor 26316:Bernard of Clairvaux 26296:Anselm of Canterbury 26258:John Scotus Eriugena 26253:Paschasius Radbertus 26100:Gregory of Nazianzus 25994:Epistle to Diognetus 25756:Doctor of the Church 25638:Ontological argument 24971:Political philosophy 24771:Democracy in America 23586:Religious philosophy 23066:Pico della Mirandola 23031:Anselm of Canterbury 22963:Augustinian theodicy 22875:Religious skepticism 22208:Concepts in religion 21828:Words of Institution 21725:Leipzig Debate, 1519 21173:Erasmus of Rotterdam 21088:www.ngnprodukties.nl 21084:"Sporen van Erasmus" 21064:Desiderius Erasmus: 20938:"Desiderius Erasmus" 20926:"Desiderius Erasmus" 20712:Ron, Nathan (2021). 20705:Ron, Nathan (2019). 20592:Erasmus of Rotterdam 20525:The Cloister Library 20278:www.queens.cam.ac.uk 20223:. 19 September 2010. 19651:10.1136/ard.50.7.517 18845:. 1517 Media. 2017. 18646:Remer, Gary (1989). 18582:Studies in Philology 18171:"Desiderius Erasmus" 18112:van Kooten, George. 18025:"Desiderius Erasmus" 17755:10.3138/j.ctt1kgqwzz 17733:Dealy, Ross (2017). 17272:publisher's abstract 16722:"The Erasmus Option" 16474:Ron, Nathan (2021). 16321:Ron, Nathan (2019). 16295:Erasmus and the Jews 16254:29 July 2023 at the 16199:Ron, Nathan (2019). 16132:Howell, Rob (2003). 15983:"Erasmus and Heresy" 15557:Ron, Nathan (2014). 15236:The Expository Times 15008:Terrence J. Martin, 14687:www.italicapress.com 13854:quoting G. Bartrum, 13720:. 14 February 2016. 13625:Ron, Nathan (2021). 13555:expo.bib.kuleuven.be 12329:Treu, Erwin (1959). 12280:Baker House, Simon. 11612:Archivium Hibernicum 11436:"Desiderius Erasmus" 11291:10.1093/mq/LII.3.332 11240:The Wilson Quarterly 11027:"Desiderius Erasmus" 10756:13 June 2010 at the 10738:13 June 2010 at the 9387:Johannes Pfefferkorn 9344:Francisco de Vergara 8967:Studies in Philology 8314:Froud, J.A. (1896). 8188:eternal punishment." 7906:'s influential book 7877:Erasmus of Rotterdam 7582:is named after him. 7551:portrays Erasmus in 7459:, 1526, engraved in 6980:methodological works 6942:Theological writings 6866:Terrence J. Martin, 6317:"False evangelicals" 6209:Dispute on free will 6057:evangelical counsels 6050:evangelical counsels 5887:against the heretic 5015:Second scholasticism 4701:Pico della Mirandola 4694:Paraphrase on Romans 4686:intellectual milieux 4671:Johannes Pfefferkorn 4643:racially antisemitic 4580:public policy debate 4512:Theodore the Studite 4156:In a 1518 letter to 4129:Manner of expression 3714:Freiburg im Breisgau 3667:German Peasants' War 3420:University of Alcalá 3232:Flanders and Brabant 2722:Erasmus also became 2702:University of Oxford 1099:Gouda, South Holland 797:Catholic Reformation 758:Northern Renaissance 722:Erasmus of Rotterdam 351:Political philosophy 310:University of Leuven 305:University of Oxford 284:Renaissance humanism 271:Northern Renaissance 19:For other uses, see 27305:Counter-Reformation 27300:Christian humanists 27134:Carlo Maria Martini 27098:Johann Baptist Metz 27068:Frederick Copleston 26892:Friedrich von Hügel 26852:Joseph Hergenröther 26832:Gaetano Sanseverino 26812:Ignaz von Döllinger 26736:Nicolas Malebranche 26576:Thomas of Villanova 26537:Counter-Reformation 26517:Girolamo Savonarola 26331:Hildegard of Bingen 26140:Cyril of Alexandria 25983:Aristides of Athens 25970:Epistle of Barnabas 25959:Ignatius of Antioch 25897:Ecumenical councils 25583:Divine illumination 25239:Augustinian realism 25107:Theological virtues 25046:Catholic philosophy 24811:One-Dimensional Man 23571:History of religion 23272:Friedrich Nietzsche 23149:Gottfried W Leibniz 23144:Nicolas Malebranche 23076:King James VI and I 22356:Abrahamic religions 22158:Theologia Germanica 21924:Johann von Staupitz 21738:Diet of Worms, 1521 21623:Vom Schem Hamphoras 21331:Apophthegmatum opus 21055:Diarmaid MacCulloch 21047:In Our Time podcast 20780:Pep Mayolas (2014) 20746:Erasme et l'Espagne 20578:, James D. (1997). 20433:. London: Methuen. 19867:Holbein der Jüngere 19852:Holbein der Jüngere 19077:The Medieval Review 18992:The Praise Of Folly 18735:Word and Supplement 18121:Faculty of Divinity 16541:Theological Studies 15563:The European Legacy 14968:10.1093/ehr/ceaa149 13823:35 (April): 109–20. 13247:on 13 December 2013 13200:The Recipes Project 13110:World Civilizations 12665:. 23 October 2023. 11919:Laboratoire Italien 11902:Extract of page 159 11883:Hunt Janin (2014). 11031:Winter 2009 Edition 10639:The Praise of Folly 10611:everything else on. 9907:consensus Ecclesiae 9629:Exequiae Seriphicae 9377:In the case of the 9239:Letter to Paul Volz 8128:6 June 2019 at the 7867:Diarmaid MacCulloch 7536:St. Lawrence Church 7431:I concede to no-one 7206:during his lifetime 7187:Christian humanists 7130:The Praise of Folly 7124:Protestant bibles. 6922:The Praise of Folly 6901:philosophia christi 6884:Sermon on the Mount 6822:theologia rhetorica 6705:, inverbation, and 6697:Theology of Erasmus 6654:philosophia Christi 6635:philosophia Christi 6629:Erasmus approached 6617:Philosophia Christi 6604:The Praise of Folly 6042:The Praise of Folly 6020:Erasmus, "Charon", 5984:The Praise of Folly 5918:Portrait of Erasmus 4845:Liberation Theology 4746:Catholic philosophy 4491:Heresy and Sedition 4404:of Poland in 1527. 4402:Sigismund I the Old 4189:Spanish Inquisition 4087:Sebastian Castellio 4082:Bonifacius Amerbach 3914:Catherine of Aragon 3875:Guillaume Briçonnet 3549:Antoine I. de Vergy 3503:Bonifacius Amerbach 3408:Collegium Trilingue 3376:running the nearby 3119:The Praise of Folly 3107:The Praise of Folly 3039:University of Turin 3020:New Testament Notes 2677:Catherine of Aragon 2667: • 2628:Christopher Urswick 2536:Collège de Montaigu 2532:University of Paris 2474:), escape from the 1271:defects of natality 1239:Catholic priesthood 1057:Peter left for the 1044:Epistle to Grunnius 808:The Praise of Folly 773:humanist techniques 539:William Shakespeare 534:Miguel de Cervantes 437:Philosophia Christi 378:The Praise of Folly 277:School or tradition 179:University of Turin 169:University of Paris 157:Academic background 27345:Dutch rhetoricians 27285:Augustinian canons 27230:Desiderius Erasmus 27149:Alasdair MacIntyre 27028:Nouvelle théologie 26917:Thérèse of Lisieux 26761:Alfonso Muzzarelli 26701:Jean-Jacques Olier 26671:Tommaso Campanella 26586:Francisco de Osuna 26581:Ignatius of Loyola 26450:Catherine of Siena 26346:Robert Grosseteste 26243:Benedict of Aniane 26183:Isidore of Seville 26125:Augustine of Hippo 26090:Cyril of Jerusalem 26085:Hilary of Poitiers 25751:Islamic philosophy 25705:Trademark argument 25598:Formal distinction 25548:Augustinian values 25221:Analytical Thomism 25201:Christian humanism 24931:Cultural pessimism 24926:Cultural criticism 23825:National character 23581:Religious language 23561:Ethics in religion 23519:William Lane Craig 23394:Charles Hartshorne 23134:Desiderius Erasmus 23036:Augustine of Hippo 22978:Inconsistent triad 22940:Apophatic theology 22935:Logical positivism 22917:Religious language 22537:Watchmaker analogy 22502:Necessary existent 22278:Conceptions of God 22238:Intelligent design 21959:Frederick the Wise 21944:Philip Melanchthon 21870:Katharina von Bora 21664:Erfurt Enchiridion 21457:Ninety-five Theses 21217:In Praise of Folly 20953:Desiderius Erasmus 20638:Erasmus: Wild Bird 20479:. Scribner's Sons. 20298:. Queens' College. 20292:"The Erasmus Room" 20280:. Queens' College. 20238:"Erasmus Building" 20101:"Erasmus Lectures" 19001:English Literature 18738:. Oxford Academic. 18258:The Erasmus Reader 18233:Hitchcock, James. 17893:Thorsrud, Harald. 17200:Project Guttenberg 17194:Emerton, Ephraim. 17054:www.britannica.com 16832:Seery, Stephenia. 14962:(575): 1016–1018. 14189:www.britannica.com 14149:Reformation Europe 13840:. British Museum. 13196:"Bibulous Erasmus" 12663:www.britannica.com 12427:. Librairie Droz. 12147:10.17863/CAM.81488 11479:, and Olsen, Ted. 11434:Cartwright, Mark. 11333:"Alexander Hegius" 11275:"Erasmus on Music" 10733:Desiderius Erasmus 10731:Sauer, J. (1909). 10511:Alexander of Hales 10509:, associated with 10331:plays in Erasmus' 10304:Accommodation and 10231:; wherever it was 10219:A Lutheran view: " 9981:. pp. 45–67. 9846:. pp. 86–99. 9733:on 7 February 2007 9683:prophanae litterae 9521:"Erasmus had been 9015:as "he prevailed" 8800:10.1086/SCJ4801005 8683:"Comment: Erasmus" 8357:and Venetian gold 7977:Letter to Grunnius 7904:Aelred of Rievaulx 7757:Erasmus of Formiae 7633:Rotterdam has the 7527:Hendrick de Keyser 7473: 7465: 7419: 7408: 7362: 7305:habit of his order 7301: 7169: 6851:he had given this 6794:Philip Melanchthon 6568: 6558:Anti-scholasticism 6435: 6396:Heinrich Eppendorf 6177:in 1524 he wrote: 6175:Philip Melanchthon 6141: 6134:Philip Melanchthon 6095:Order of Preachers 6031:Augustinian Canons 5922: 5893:transubstantiation 5861: 5124:Gregory (of Nyssa) 4852:Christian Humanism 4623: 4502:Inquisitio de fide 4459:De libero arbitrio 4457:. For example, in 4451: 4387:Adrianus Barlandus 4105:Manner of thinking 4010: 3868:Ignatius of Loyola 3864:Alonso III Fonseca 3835: 3833:, Bishop of Durham 3824: 3791:Explanatio Symboli 3731: 3679:Cornelius Grapheus 3663: 3587:and later his son 3573: 3525: • 3521: • 3517: • 3513: • 3509: • 3501: • 3497: • 3493: • 3454: 3378:diocese of Tournai 3353: 3327:Hermannus Buschius 3295: • 3291: • 3287: • 3272:Cornelius Grapheus 3270: • 3268:Nicolas Cleynaerts 3266: • 3262: • 3258: • 3254: • 3250: • 3246: • 3222:Master of Requests 3164:Convocation sermon 3144: 3072: 3003:personal physician 2947: • 2943: • 2939: • 2935: • 2931: • 2927: • 2923: • 2919: • 2915: • 2911: • 2907: • 2875: 2789: • 2785: • 2781: • 2777: • 2773: • 2769: • 2765: • 2761: • 2746:France and Brabant 2675: • 2671: • 2663: • 2659: • 2646: • 2642: • 2638: • 2634: • 2630: • 2626: • 2622: • 2618: • 2614: • 2610: • 2606: • 2602: • 2598: • 2594: • 2590: • 2586: • 2490:), royal counsel ( 2482:), employment (to 1972:Brussels, Antwerp 1615:Oxford, Cambridge 1215: • 1211: • 1207: • 1203: • 1195: • 1191: • 1189:Cornelius Grapheus 1187: • 1183: • 1179: • 1175: • 1171: • 1167: • 1128:Letter to Grunnius 1122:Certain abuses in 1111:Squire Francis War 1091: 1032: 999:Rudolphus Agricola 952:the bubonic plague 939: 935:Hendrick de Keyser 921:Erasmus of Formiae 868:. His influential 730:Christian humanist 544:Ignatius of Loyola 494:Philip Melanchthon 248:Augustine of Hippo 49:Desiderius Erasmus 27400:Proto-Protestants 27217: 27216: 27144:Gustavo Gutiérrez 27139:Pope Benedict XVI 27124:Pope John Paul II 27023:Josemaría Escrivá 27013:Henri Daniel-Rops 26897:Vladimir Solovyov 26877:Neo-scholasticism 26817:John Henry Newman 26751:Louis de Montfort 26746:Alphonsus Liguori 26741:Giambattista Vico 26676:Pierre de Bérulle 26662:French Revolution 26631:Robert Bellarmine 26611:John of the Cross 26497:Julian of Norwich 26455:Bridget of Sweden 26445:John of Ruusbroec 26435:William of Ockham 26351:Francis of Assisi 26341:Dominic de Guzmán 26311:Decretum Gratiani 26286:Berengar of Tours 26175:Early Middle Ages 26145:Peter Chrysologus 26095:Basil of Caesarea 26080:Ephrem the Syrian 26020:Antipope Novatian 25816: 25815: 25731:Catholic theology 25678:Seven deadly sins 25648:Peripatetic axiom 25558:Cartesian dualism 25293: 25292: 25259:Scotistic realism 25216:Neo-scholasticism 25012: 25011: 24728: 24727: 23873:Spontaneous order 23863:Social alienation 23712:Cultural heritage 23673:Social philosophy 23639: 23638: 23539: 23538: 23499:Peter van Inwagen 23484:Richard Swinburne 23429:George I Mavrodes 23289:Vladimir Solovyov 23229:Søren Kierkegaard 23154:William Wollaston 23101:William of Ockham 23081:Marcion of Sinope 22983:Irenaean theodicy 22973:Euthyphro dilemma 22900:Transcendentalism 22729:Womanist theology 22719:Feminist theology 22623: 22622: 22414: 22413: 22300:Divine simplicity 22220:Euthyphro dilemma 22167: 22166: 22131:, Washington D.C. 21939:Andreas Karlstadt 21890: 21882: 21874: 21866: 21823:Sacramental union 21696: 21695: 21600:Smalcald Articles 21390: 21389: 21070:Christian Bartolf 21061:, and Jill Kraye. 20964:Project Gutenberg 20868:Library resources 20776:978-88-6347-271-4 20742:Bataillon, Marcel 20590:, Stefan (1937). 20521:Harper Torchbacks 20517:. Harper Collins. 20500:978-0-631-19388-3 20145:"Erasmus Studies" 19978:. 31 October 2018 19892:. 31 October 2018 19825:"Erasmus' bonnet" 19619:978-1-4426-6833-1 19111:www.gutenberg.org 19037:Aquinas, Thomas. 18852:978-1-5064-2337-1 18826:978-1-108-76143-7 18489:978-1-77995-289-9 18436:978-0-89870-748-9 18211:978-1-4875-3325-0 17950:978-1-139-05363-1 17697:Faux Titre Online 17451:978-1-108-47797-0 17419:978-1-4426-6007-6 17309:978-0-8020-4317-7 16880:aldine.lib.sfu.ca 16874:Willinsky, John. 16762:978-0-333-64451-5 16648:978-0-2280-1585-7 16593:978-1-4875-3325-0 16499:978-3-030-79859-8 16340:978-3-030-24928-1 16173:978-0-8132-3802-9 15849:978-0-520-30403-1 15740:978-1-349-36295-0 15678:978-1-5064-3165-9 15294:"Erasmus the Man" 15217:978-1-139-05550-5 14909:The Polish Review 14681:Ruth, Jeffrey S. 14600:978-1-4875-3669-5 14387:978-1-4875-3283-3 14306:978-1-4875-3283-3 14260:978-1-4875-3283-3 14167:978-1-107-60354-7 14075:The Low Countries 13996:978-1-4426-6007-6 13887:978-1-4426-8094-4 13821:Library Quarterly 13806:978-3-7913-3580-3 13636:978-3-030-79859-8 13608:978-1-4426-8101-9 13529:978-0-520-08745-3 13497:978-90-04-25563-0 12738:978-3-7523-4313-7 12711:978-2-503-58077-7 12545:978-2-503-60225-7 12434:978-2-600-03041-0 12311:(Subscription or 12183:978-1-4438-5894-6 12066:978-1-4426-6833-1 11955:978-0-8020-2656-9 11896:978-0-7864-5201-9 11824:The New Criterion 11740:, vol. 1, p. 12 ( 11688:978-90-6004-392-9 11391:978-94-6416-146-5 11175:978-1-4426-7455-4 11025:Nauert, Charles. 10822:978-0-8232-9528-9 10366:978-0-8020-0579-3 10281:John of Salisbury 9754:further scrutiny. 9675:sacrae scripturae 9627:See the collequy 9556:978-1-4051-1323-6 9077:"The argument of 8693:(1003): 257–258. 8580:Expositio Fidelis 8517:Augustinus Marius 8513:Augustinian Canon 8505:Haus zum Walfisch 8231:Roth, F. (1965). 7784:Hieronymous Bosch 7680:Rotterdam has an 7587:Erasmus Programme 7576:exchange students 7572:Erasmus Programme 7531:statue of Erasmus 7382:Alexander Stewart 7246:sweating sickness 7218:Popes and Bishops 7214:semi-secret trial 7179:Renaissance Types 7073:De ratione studii 7057:Ulrich von Hutten 6915:Mystical theology 6540:George van Kooten 6375:Ulrich von Hutten 6101:Protestant reform 6087:Cardinal Cisneros 5991:Anti-fraternalism 5961:radical offshoots 5889:Berengar of Tours 5816: 5815: 5749: 5748: 5634:Garrigou-Lagrange 4943:Divine Attributes 4705:Johannes Reuchlin 4602:for the latter. 4555:Münster rebellion 4470:Lorenzo Campeggio 4365:", which owes to 4214:Nativity of Jesus 4093:Thought and views 3971:Oath of Supremacy 3967:Cuthbert Tunstall 3941:Expositio Fidelis 3912:; in early 1536, 3885:and Swiss bishop 3831:Cuthbert Tunstall 3710:Augustinus Marius 3669:(1524–1525), the 3589:Hieronymus Froben 3531:Augustinus Marius 3495:Hieronymus Froben 3410:for the study of 3331:Ulrich von Hutten 3293:Ulrich von Hutten 3244:Adrian of Utrecht 3099:Alexander Stewart 3063:, Venice (1501): 2953:Tommaso Inghirami 2917:Alexander Stewart 2847:Philip "the Fair" 2673:Margaret Beaufort 2640:Lorenzo Campeggio 2612:Cuthbert Tunstall 2476:sweating sickness 2466:), education (to 2456: 2455: 2444:Green: early life 2439: 2438: 2292:Florence, Ferrara 1916:'s-Hertogenbosch 1228:Bishop of Cambrai 1201:Alfonso de Valdés 1193:Johannes Secundus 1017:Hieronymous Bosch 931:Statue of Erasmus 620: 619: 554:John Henry Newman 529:François Rabelais 346:Catholic theology 336:Pastoral theology 27442: 27405:Proverb scholars 27207: 27206: 27048:Emmanuel Mounier 27043:Bernard Lonergan 26968:Georges Bernanos 26953:Jacques Maritain 26933:G. K. Chesterton 26822:Henri Lacordaire 26721:Cornelius Jansen 26716:François Fénelon 26646:Francis de Sales 26636:Francisco Suárez 26507:Nicholas of Cusa 26391:Siger of Brabant 26376:Boetius of Dacia 26356:Anthony of Padua 26301:Joachim of Fiore 26281:Gregory of Narek 26268:High Middle Ages 26213:John of Damascus 26105:Gregory of Nyssa 25843: 25836: 25829: 25820: 25819: 25806: 25805: 25804: 25794: 25793: 25618:Homo unius libri 25563:Cogito, ergo sum 25553:Cardinal virtues 25254:Moderate realism 25146: 25145: 25136: 25135: 25130: 25129: 25124: 25123: 25062:Cardinal virtues 25039: 25032: 25025: 25016: 25015: 24976:Social criticism 24896: 24886: 24876: 24866: 24856: 24846: 24836: 24826: 24816: 24806: 24796: 24786: 24776: 24766: 24756: 24746: 23982: 23981: 23964:Frankfurt School 23942:Communitarianism 23905: 23859: 23845: 23666: 23659: 23652: 23643: 23642: 23629: 23628: 23619: 23524:Ali Akbar Rashad 23387:Reinhold Niebuhr 23347:Bertrand Russell 23342:George Santayana 23239:Albrecht Ritschl 23224:Ludwig Feuerbach 23014: 23013: 23010:(by date active) 22870:Process theology 22615:Russell's teapot 22425: 22424: 22420:Existence of God 22330:Process theology 22283: 22282: 22268:Theological veto 22231:religious belief 22194: 22187: 22180: 22171: 22170: 22121:Luther Monuments 21934:Karl von Miltitz 21914:Johann Cochlaeus 21888: 21880: 21878:Magdalena Luther 21872: 21864: 21645: 21644: 21417: 21410: 21403: 21394: 21393: 21380: 21379: 21303: 21166: 21159: 21152: 21143: 21142: 21134: 21133: 21122: 21121: 21110: 21109: 21108: 21101: 21091: 21043: 21042: 21032:Works by Erasmus 20973:Internet Archive 20960:Works by Erasmus 20947: 20856: 20799:U. Toronto Press 20623: 20572: 20544: 20518: 20504: 20480: 20466: 20449:Emerton, Ephraim 20444: 20418: 20407:. Fearn: Focus. 20392: 20359: 20358: 20356: 20354: 20319: 20313: 20306: 20300: 20299: 20288: 20282: 20281: 20270: 20264: 20263: 20256: 20250: 20249: 20247: 20245: 20234: 20225: 20224: 20213: 20207: 20206: 20195: 20189: 20188: 20177: 20171: 20170: 20159: 20153: 20152: 20141: 20135: 20134: 20122: 20116: 20115: 20113: 20111: 20097: 20091: 20090: 20088: 20086: 20081:. European Union 20071: 20065: 20064: 20062: 20060: 20045: 20039: 20036: 20030: 20029: 20027: 20025: 20011: 20005: 20004: 19994: 19988: 19987: 19985: 19983: 19966: 19960: 19959: 19911: 19902: 19901: 19899: 19897: 19880: 19871: 19870: 19862: 19856: 19855: 19847: 19836: 19832: 19819: 19796: 19790: 19787: 19776: 19771: 19765: 19764: 19753: 19747: 19746: 19718: 19712: 19711: 19694:(6): 1181–1184. 19679: 19673: 19672: 19662: 19630: 19624: 19623: 19597: 19591: 19590: 19569: 19563: 19562: 19514: 19508: 19507: 19467: 19461: 19460: 19428: 19422: 19415: 19409: 19408: 19368: 19362: 19361: 19359: 19357: 19337: 19331: 19318: 19312: 19311: 19295: 19289: 19288: 19265:The Art Bulletin 19260: 19254: 19253: 19227: 19221: 19220: 19218: 19216: 19168: 19162: 19155: 19149: 19148: 19146: 19144: 19124: 19115: 19114: 19103: 19097: 19096: 19094: 19092: 19068: 19059: 19058: 19056: 19054: 19034: 19028: 19027: 19025: 19023: 19017: 18998: 18985: 18979: 18978: 18976: 18974: 18953: 18947: 18946: 18930: 18924: 18923: 18902: 18896: 18895: 18871: 18865: 18864: 18837: 18831: 18830: 18804: 18798: 18797: 18795: 18793: 18773: 18767: 18766: 18746: 18740: 18739: 18729: 18723: 18722: 18694: 18688: 18687: 18685: 18683: 18643: 18634: 18633: 18613: 18598: 18597: 18577: 18571: 18570: 18554: 18541: 18540: 18500: 18494: 18493: 18464: 18458: 18457: 18447: 18441: 18440: 18422: 18416: 18415: 18391: 18382: 18375: 18369: 18368: 18330: 18324: 18323: 18306: 18300: 18299: 18297: 18286: 18280: 18279: 18254:"Letter to Dorp" 18249: 18243: 18242: 18230: 18224: 18223: 18185: 18179: 18178: 18166: 18160: 18159: 18146: 18140: 18139: 18137: 18135: 18129: 18118: 18114:"Three Symposia" 18109: 18103: 18102: 18100: 18098: 18092: 18081: 18072: 18071: 18051: 18045: 18044: 18042: 18040: 18020: 18014: 18013: 18011: 18009: 17961: 17955: 17954: 17928: 17915: 17914: 17912: 17910: 17890: 17884: 17883: 17881: 17879: 17869: 17860: 17854: 17853: 17851: 17849: 17831: 17825: 17824: 17822: 17820: 17804: 17798: 17797: 17777: 17771: 17770: 17768: 17766: 17730: 17721: 17720: 17692: 17686: 17685: 17683: 17681: 17671: 17662: 17656: 17655: 17627: 17621: 17620: 17599: 17593: 17592: 17566: 17560: 17559: 17533: 17527: 17505: 17499: 17498: 17496: 17494: 17462: 17456: 17455: 17435: 17424: 17423: 17397: 17391: 17382: 17376: 17361: 17355: 17345: 17339: 17338: 17318: 17312: 17298: 17292: 17281: 17275: 17270:Massing, 2022 ( 17268: 17262: 17261: 17259: 17257: 17242: 17236: 17235: 17234:. pp. 6, 7. 17233: 17222: 17216: 17215: 17213: 17211: 17191: 17185: 17184: 17167: 17158: 17157: 17136: 17130: 17129: 17109: 17103: 17102: 17100: 17076: 17070: 17069: 17067: 17065: 17046: 17040: 17037: 17031: 17030: 17028: 17026: 16970: 16964: 16957: 16948: 16947: 16899: 16893: 16890: 16884: 16883: 16871: 16865: 16864: 16848: 16842: 16841: 16825: 16819: 16818: 16816: 16814: 16808: 16797: 16788: 16782: 16781: 16780:. Brill Archive. 16773: 16767: 16766: 16748: 16742: 16741: 16739: 16737: 16720:Wolfe, Gregory. 16717: 16711: 16710: 16708: 16706: 16668: 16653: 16652: 16626: 16620: 16619: 16612: 16606: 16605: 16571: 16565: 16564: 16536: 16530: 16529: 16523: 16515: 16513: 16511: 16471: 16465: 16464: 16456: 16450: 16449: 16441: 16435: 16434: 16418: 16412: 16411: 16409: 16407: 16351: 16345: 16344: 16318: 16312: 16311: 16309: 16307: 16290: 16284: 16283: 16281: 16279: 16264: 16258: 16246: 16244: 16242: 16236: 16205: 16196: 16190: 16189: 16187: 16185: 16157: 16146: 16145: 16129: 16123: 16122: 16120: 16118: 16098: 16092: 16091: 16079: 16073: 16072: 16070: 16068: 16063:. Harper Collins 16054: 16048: 16039: 16033: 16032: 16021: 16015: 16014: 16012: 16010: 15978: 15969: 15955: 15949: 15948: 15946: 15944: 15920: 15909: 15908: 15906: 15904: 15884: 15878: 15877: 15867: 15861: 15860: 15858: 15856: 15833: 15827: 15826: 15824: 15822: 15782: 15776: 15775: 15773: 15771: 15751: 15745: 15744: 15718: 15712: 15711: 15709: 15707: 15697: 15691: 15690: 15662: 15656: 15655: 15653: 15651: 15636: 15630: 15629: 15627: 15625: 15605: 15599: 15598: 15596: 15594: 15554: 15545: 15544: 15542: 15540: 15523:Erasmus (1813). 15520: 15514: 15513: 15511: 15509: 15489: 15483: 15476: 15470: 15469: 15443: 15437: 15436: 15420: 15409: 15408: 15376: 15370: 15369: 15343: 15334: 15333: 15331: 15329: 15289: 15283: 15282: 15266: 15260: 15259: 15231: 15222: 15221: 15191: 15178: 15177: 15175: 15173: 15138: 15132: 15131: 15110: 15104: 15103: 15101: 15099: 15064: 15058: 15057: 15055: 15053: 15006: 14997: 14996: 14978: 14972: 14971: 14951: 14945: 14944: 14942: 14940: 14900: 14894: 14893: 14891: 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10185:Erasmus (1516). 10181: 10175: 10173: 10137: 10131: 10124: 10118: 10111: 10105: 10103: 10101: 10099: 10050: 10044: 10039:A paraphrase of 10037: 10031: 10024: 10018: 10007: 10001: 10000: 9974: 9961: 9955: 9948: 9942: 9941: 9876: 9870: 9869: 9839: 9833: 9829: 9823: 9822: 9820: 9818: 9785: 9779: 9778: 9776: 9774: 9757:MacPhail, Eric. 9749: 9743: 9742: 9740: 9738: 9729:. Archived from 9721: 9715: 9712: 9706: 9694:Future cardinal 9692: 9686: 9649: 9643: 9637: 9631: 9625: 9619: 9610: 9604: 9598: 9592: 9589: 9583: 9576: 9570: 9567: 9561: 9560: 9519: 9513: 9510: 9501: 9500: 9498: 9496: 9446: 9440: 9436: 9430: 9424: 9418: 9406: 9400: 9357: 9351: 9325: 9323: 9321: 9267: 9261: 9260: 9247: 9241: 9235: 9229: 9227: 9213:De bello Turcico 9211:"...the goal of 9209: 9203: 9199: 9193: 9190: 9184: 9177: 9171: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9122:speaking at the 9116: 9110: 9107: 9101: 9098: 9092: 9089: 9083: 9082:nonfunctional." 9075: 9069: 9065: 9059: 9055: 9049: 9048: 9001: 8995: 8994: 8992: 8990: 8944: 8939:Erasmus (1523). 8935: 8928: 8922: 8903: 8897: 8896: 8894: 8892: 8871: 8865: 8842:de bello Turcico 8838: 8832: 8829: 8823: 8821: 8811: 8782: 8773: 8765: 8759: 8751: 8745: 8738: 8732: 8725: 8719: 8718: 8677: 8671: 8663: 8657: 8656: 8631: 8625: 8609: 8603: 8589: 8583: 8576: 8570: 8567: 8561: 8553: 8547: 8544: 8538: 8535: 8529: 8526: 8520: 8501: 8495: 8484: 8478: 8474: 8468: 8467: 8465: 8448: 8442: 8435: 8429: 8426: 8420: 8405: 8399: 8398: 8396: 8394: 8372: 8366: 8351: 8345: 8326: 8320: 8319: 8310: 8304: 8302: 8279: 8273: 8269: 8263: 8260: 8223: 8217: 8213: 8207: 8204: 8198: 8195: 8189: 8181: 8175: 8172: 8166: 8163: 8157: 8156: 8143: 8137: 8119: 8113: 8112: 8091: 8085: 8077: 8071: 8068: 8062: 8058: 8052: 8041: 8035: 8023: 8014: 8011: 8005: 8004: 7985: 7973: 7967: 7965: 7951: 7944:De Gulden Passer 7932: 7926: 7897: 7891: 7883:26 (1975), 403" 7864: 7858: 7838: 7832: 7825: 7819: 7818: 7816: 7814: 7793: 7787: 7780: 7774: 7772: 7746: 7740: 7737: 7621:Joseph Ratzinger 7427: 7325: 7285: 7199: 7198:Christophe Ocker 7181: 7088:Notable writings 7082:Dürer's portrait 7037:Works of Erasmus 7026: 6988: 6976:exegetical works 6958: 6874: 6792:, and with both 6692: 6670: 6607: 6577: 6534: 6512: 6357: 6312: 6293: 6204: 6168: 6091:Cardinal Cajetan 6024: 5977: 5916:Albrecht Dürer, 5808: 5801: 5794: 5777: 5776: 5775: 5765: 5764: 5154:John of Damascus 5062: 5061: 4892:Moderate realism 4800:Cardinal virtues 4772: 4771: 4767: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4731: 4724: 4723: 4720:Religious reform 4663:Adversus Judaeos 4582:on war with the 4536: 4499:. Erasmus wrote 4486: 4330: 4282: 4228: 4165:de bello Turcico 4049:domine fac finem 4024:in preparation ( 3975:Stephen Gardiner 3956:Michael Servetus 3929:Richard Reynolds 3883:Giles of Viterbo 3811:Fates of friends 3739:Diet of Augsburg 3687:Louis de Berquin 3519:Sebastian Brandt 3431:Paulus Bombasius 3297:Nicolaas Baechem 3226:Privy Counsellor 3199: 3160:St Paul's School 3089: 3047: 2957:Domenico Grimani 2949:Ferry Carondelet 2937:Giles of Viterbo 2775:Richard Whitford 2767:Louis de Berquin 2742:several months. 2644:Richard Reynolds 2636:Richard Whitford 2578:English circle. 2414: 2413: 2392: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2362: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2331: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2317: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2286:Besançon, Basel 2279: 2278: 2271: 2270: 2262: 2261: 2255: 2254: 2248: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2214: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2179: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2165: 2164: 2141: 2140: 2133: 2132: 2124: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2109: 2108: 2101: 2100: 2079: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2065: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2036: 2035: 2029: 2028: 2022: 2021: 2015: 2014: 1994: 1993: 1987: 1986: 1966: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1945: 1944: 1938: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1910: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1874: 1873: 1866: 1865: 1857: 1856: 1850: 1849: 1843: 1842: 1836: 1835: 1815: 1814: 1807: 1806: 1798: 1797: 1791: 1790: 1768: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1741: 1740: 1734: 1733: 1712: 1711: 1705: 1704: 1685: 1684: 1665: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1651: 1650: 1632: 1631: 1625: 1624: 1605: 1604: 1592: 1591: 1575: 1367: 1360: 1353: 1350: 1343: 1336: 1329: 1326: 1319: 1316: 1309: 1306: 1299: 1296: 1289: 1286: 1213:Gentian Hervetus 1185:Hieronymus Emser 1124:religious orders 1036:'s-Hertogenbosch 1025:'s-Hertogenbosch 1007: 995:Alexander Hegius 964: 799:. He also wrote 719: 714: 707: 703: 699: 694: 693: 690: 689: 686: 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 668: 664: 663: 660: 657: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 549:Francis De Sales 499:Huldrych Zwingli 118:Other names 105: 83: 80: 59: 40: 39: 34:Works of Erasmus 27450: 27449: 27445: 27444: 27443: 27441: 27440: 27439: 27350:Dutch satirists 27325:Dutch essayists 27320:Dutch educators 27220: 27219: 27218: 27213: 27201: 27193: 27174:Jean-Luc Marion 27112: 27063:Marcel Lefebvre 26988:Romano Guardini 26943:Joseph Maréchal 26921: 26912:Maurice Blondel 26807:Antonio Rosmini 26802:Luigi Taparelli 26780: 26706:Louis Thomassin 26681:Pierre Gassendi 26664: 26660: 26650: 26601:Teresa of Ávila 26539: 26535: 26526: 26512:Marsilio Ficino 26502:Thomas à Kempis 26492:Devotio Moderna 26465:Johannes Tauler 26460:Meister Eckhart 26430:Dante Alighieri 26405: 26371:Albertus Magnus 26262: 26169: 26115:John Chrysostom 26043: 26039: 26029: 25942:Clement of Rome 25923: 25861: 25852: 25847: 25817: 25812: 25802: 25800: 25788: 25780: 25741:Aristotelianism 25719: 25568:Dehellenization 25516: 25289: 25285:Foundationalism 25263: 25225: 25182: 25137: 25133: 25131: 25127: 25125: 25121: 25116: 25102:Social teaching 25048: 25043: 25013: 25008: 24995: 24921:Critical theory 24899: 24894: 24884: 24874: 24864: 24854: 24844: 24834: 24824: 24814: 24804: 24794: 24784: 24774: 24764: 24754: 24744: 24724: 24402: 24396: 24194: 24188: 24137: 24066: 23973: 23925:Budapest School 23913: 23702:Cosmopolitanism 23675: 23670: 23640: 23635: 23607: 23535: 23531:Alexander Pruss 23514:Jean-Luc Marion 23469:Alvin Plantinga 23464:Dewi Z Phillips 23451: 23449: 23443: 23414:Walter Kaufmann 23404:Frithjof Schuon 23377:Rudolf Bultmann 23334: 23328: 23324:Joseph Maréchal 23314:Pavel Florensky 23309:Sergei Bulgakov 23294:Ernst Troeltsch 23277:Harald Høffding 23254: 23248: 23219:William Whewell 23207:Georg W F Hegel 23202:Karl C F Krause 23189: 23183: 23179:Johann G Herder 23169:Baron d'Holbach 23119:Augustin Calmet 23105: 23021: 23009: 23008: 23005: 22997: 22955:Problem of evil 22949: 22945:Verificationism 22911: 22619: 22565:Atheist's Wager 22548: 22410: 22344: 22272: 22248:Problem of evil 22203: 22198: 22168: 22163: 22140: 22135:Luther Monument 22129:Luther Monument 22115: 22029: 22025:Wartburg Castle 21968: 21919:Johann Reuchlin 21852: 21811:Marian theology 21702: 21692: 21643: 21593:Large Catechism 21577:Small Catechism 21444: 21426: 21421: 21391: 21386: 21368: 21337: 21324:Textus Receptus 21304: 21295: 21188: 21175: 21170: 21140: 21128: 21116: 21106: 21104: 21096: 21082: 21040: 21028: 20992:(Latin Library) 20981: 20936: 20922: 20921: 20920: 20897: 20896: 20876: 20875: 20871: 20864: 20829:10.2307/1262226 20791: 20789:Primary sources 20761:Loyola y Erasmo 20738: 20733: 20695:. HarperCollins 20620: 20606: 20602: 20597: 20569: 20553:, pp. 219. 20509:Huizinga, Johan 20501: 20485:Halkin, Leon E. 20441: 20415: 20389: 20372: 20367: 20365:Further reading 20362: 20352: 20350: 20328:Erasmus Studies 20320: 20316: 20307: 20303: 20290: 20289: 20285: 20272: 20271: 20267: 20258: 20257: 20253: 20243: 20241: 20236: 20235: 20228: 20215: 20214: 20210: 20197: 20196: 20192: 20179: 20178: 20174: 20161: 20160: 20156: 20143: 20142: 20138: 20123: 20119: 20109: 20107: 20099: 20098: 20094: 20084: 20082: 20073: 20072: 20068: 20058: 20056: 20046: 20042: 20037: 20033: 20023: 20021: 20013: 20012: 20008: 19995: 19991: 19981: 19979: 19968: 19967: 19963: 19912: 19905: 19895: 19893: 19882: 19881: 19874: 19863: 19859: 19848: 19839: 19835: 19797: 19793: 19788: 19779: 19772: 19768: 19755: 19754: 19750: 19719: 19715: 19680: 19676: 19631: 19627: 19620: 19599: 19598: 19594: 19570: 19566: 19535:10.2307/2860126 19515: 19511: 19468: 19464: 19429: 19425: 19416: 19412: 19369: 19365: 19355: 19353: 19338: 19334: 19319: 19315: 19296: 19292: 19261: 19257: 19250: 19228: 19224: 19214: 19212: 19169: 19165: 19156: 19152: 19142: 19140: 19125: 19118: 19105: 19104: 19100: 19090: 19088: 19069: 19062: 19052: 19050: 19035: 19031: 19021: 19019: 19015: 18996: 18986: 18982: 18972: 18970: 18954: 18950: 18931: 18927: 18903: 18899: 18872: 18868: 18861:j.ctt1ggjhg1.15 18853: 18839: 18838: 18834: 18827: 18805: 18801: 18791: 18789: 18774: 18770: 18763: 18747: 18743: 18732:Ward, Timothy. 18730: 18726: 18699:Erasmus Studies 18695: 18691: 18681: 18679: 18644: 18637: 18614: 18601: 18578: 18574: 18555: 18544: 18521:10.2307/3031577 18501: 18497: 18490: 18465: 18461: 18453:Medieval Essays 18448: 18444: 18437: 18423: 18419: 18392: 18385: 18376: 18372: 18357: 18331: 18327: 18320: 18308: 18307: 18303: 18295: 18287: 18283: 18268: 18252: 18251:Letter to Dorp 18250: 18246: 18231: 18227: 18212: 18194:Erasmus Studies 18186: 18182: 18167: 18163: 18147: 18143: 18133: 18131: 18127: 18116: 18110: 18106: 18096: 18094: 18090: 18082: 18075: 18056:Erasmus Studies 18052: 18048: 18038: 18036: 18021: 18017: 18007: 18005: 17982:10.2307/2707442 17962: 17958: 17951: 17929: 17918: 17908: 17906: 17891: 17887: 17877: 17875: 17867: 17861: 17857: 17847: 17845: 17832: 17828: 17818: 17816: 17805: 17801: 17782:Erasmus Studies 17778: 17774: 17764: 17762: 17747: 17731: 17724: 17693: 17689: 17679: 17677: 17669: 17663: 17659: 17628: 17624: 17605:Erasmus Studies 17600: 17596: 17589: 17567: 17563: 17556: 17540:. p. 139. 17534: 17530: 17525:, p. 219, 1875. 17517:Wayback Machine 17506: 17502: 17492: 17490: 17463: 17459: 17452: 17436: 17427: 17420: 17398: 17394: 17383: 17379: 17362: 17358: 17346: 17342: 17335: 17319: 17315: 17311:Vol. 76, p. 203 17299: 17295: 17282: 17278: 17269: 17265: 17255: 17253: 17243: 17239: 17231: 17223: 17219: 17209: 17207: 17192: 17188: 17168: 17161: 17154: 17138: 17137: 17133: 17110: 17106: 17085:Erasmus Studies 17077: 17073: 17063: 17061: 17048: 17047: 17043: 17038: 17034: 17024: 17022: 16991:10.2307/3162926 16971: 16967: 16958: 16951: 16920:10.2307/3163951 16900: 16896: 16891: 16887: 16872: 16868: 16849: 16845: 16826: 16822: 16812: 16810: 16806: 16795: 16789: 16785: 16774: 16770: 16763: 16749: 16745: 16735: 16733: 16718: 16714: 16704: 16702: 16695: 16669: 16656: 16649: 16627: 16623: 16614: 16613: 16609: 16594: 16576:Erasmus Studies 16572: 16568: 16537: 16533: 16517: 16516: 16509: 16507: 16500: 16472: 16468: 16457: 16453: 16442: 16438: 16419: 16415: 16405: 16403: 16372:10.2307/2861633 16352: 16348: 16341: 16319: 16315: 16305: 16303: 16292: 16291: 16287: 16277: 16275: 16266: 16265: 16261: 16256:Wayback Machine 16240: 16238: 16234: 16203: 16197: 16193: 16183: 16181: 16174: 16158: 16149: 16130: 16126: 16116: 16114: 16107:Catholic Herald 16099: 16095: 16080: 16076: 16066: 16064: 16055: 16051: 16040: 16036: 16023: 16022: 16018: 16008: 16006: 15979: 15972: 15956: 15952: 15942: 15940: 15921: 15912: 15902: 15900: 15885: 15881: 15868: 15864: 15854: 15852: 15850: 15834: 15830: 15820: 15818: 15783: 15779: 15769: 15767: 15752: 15748: 15741: 15719: 15715: 15705: 15703: 15699: 15698: 15694: 15679: 15663: 15659: 15649: 15647: 15637: 15633: 15623: 15621: 15606: 15602: 15592: 15590: 15555: 15548: 15538: 15536: 15521: 15517: 15507: 15505: 15490: 15486: 15477: 15473: 15466: 15444: 15440: 15421: 15412: 15377: 15373: 15366: 15344: 15337: 15327: 15325: 15304:(64): 595–604. 15290: 15286: 15267: 15263: 15232: 15225: 15218: 15192: 15181: 15171: 15169: 15139: 15135: 15116:Erasmus Studies 15111: 15107: 15097: 15095: 15065: 15061: 15051: 15049: 15022:Erasmus Studies 15010:Truth and Irony 15007: 15000: 14993: 14979: 14975: 14952: 14948: 14938: 14936: 14901: 14897: 14887: 14885: 14866: 14862: 14856: 14842: 14838: 14815:10.2307/2540661 14793: 14786: 14781: 14777: 14754: 14747: 14737: 14735: 14722: 14721: 14717: 14698: 14694: 14679: 14675: 14665: 14663: 14650: 14649: 14645: 14635: 14633: 14612: 14608: 14601: 14579: 14572: 14561: 14554: 14544: 14542: 14529: 14522: 14515:1959.13/1397919 14501: 14494: 14484: 14482: 14447:Hispanic Review 14439: 14435: 14412: 14403: 14388: 14367: 14366: 14362: 14353: 14349: 14342: 14341:978-0297 815617 14326: 14322: 14307: 14286: 14285: 14276: 14261: 14240: 14238: 14234: 14230: 14221: 14219: 14198: 14196: 14183: 14179: 14175: 14168: 14144: 14140: 14105: 14094: 14084: 14082: 14067: 14063: 14053: 14051: 14047: 14032: 14026: 14019: 14008: 14004: 13997: 13974: 13967: 13940:Erasmus Studies 13932: 13925: 13915: 13913: 13900: 13899: 13895: 13888: 13866: 13862: 13847: 13845: 13832: 13831: 13827: 13818: 13814: 13807: 13799:. p. 296. 13787: 13783: 13748: 13737: 13727: 13725: 13716: 13715: 13711: 13701: 13699: 13668:10.2307/2540011 13648: 13644: 13637: 13623: 13616: 13609: 13587: 13576: 13567: 13566: 13562: 13549: 13548: 13544: 13534: 13532: 13530: 13514: 13505: 13498: 13472: 13468: 13458: 13456: 13424: 13417: 13407: 13405: 13382: 13378: 13357: 13346: 13336: 13334: 13323: 13319: 13309: 13307: 13264: 13260: 13250: 13248: 13235: 13234: 13230: 13226: 13217: 13215: 13133: 13129: 13119: 13117: 13104: 13103: 13099: 13094: 13090: 13076: 13072: 13062: 13060: 13045: 13041: 13031: 13029: 13014: 13007: 12997: 12995: 12982: 12978: 12968: 12966: 12953: 12952: 12948: 12941: 12927: 12923: 12913: 12911: 12898: 12897: 12893: 12867: 12863: 12850: 12846: 12838: 12834: 12829: 12825: 12820: 12816: 12789: 12785: 12770: 12766: 12761: 12746: 12739: 12723: 12719: 12712: 12686: 12682: 12672: 12670: 12657: 12656: 12652: 12621: 12612: 12602: 12600: 12557: 12553: 12546: 12532: 12528: 12497: 12493: 12458: 12454: 12444: 12442: 12435: 12419: 12412: 12402: 12400: 12357: 12353: 12342: 12338: 12327: 12320: 12310: 12302: 12300: 12278: 12267: 12257: 12255: 12218:Erasmus Studies 12210: 12206: 12196: 12194: 12190: 12184: 12173: 12165: 12161: 12151: 12149: 12133: 12129: 12122: 12108: 12104: 12094: 12092: 12079: 12078: 12074: 12067: 12053: 12049: 12039: 12037: 12016:(25): 123–125. 12002: 11998: 11967: 11963: 11956: 11940: 11936: 11911: 11907: 11897: 11881: 11877: 11867: 11865: 11852: 11851: 11847: 11837: 11835: 11816: 11812: 11805: 11791: 11787: 11777: 11775: 11768: 11752: 11748: 11736: 11732: 11723: 11719: 11700: 11696: 11689: 11675: 11671: 11658: 11639: 11604: 11600: 11590: 11588: 11579:Devotio Moderna 11572: 11568: 11545:10.2307/2859495 11529: 11516: 11510: 11494: 11487: 11475: 11468: 11463: 11459: 11449: 11447: 11432: 11428: 11423: 11414: 11404: 11402: 11398: 11392: 11384:. p. 174. 11381: 11373: 11369: 11360: 11356: 11346: 11344: 11331: 11330: 11326: 11316: 11314: 11271: 11267: 11232: 11228: 11213: 11209: 11199: 11197: 11188: 11187: 11183: 11176: 11152: 11115: 11106: 11099: 11086: 11077: 11058: 11054: 11044: 11042: 11023: 11014: 11004: 11002: 10967: 10950: 10931: 10922: 10913: 10909: 10894: 10890: 10853:Erasmus Studies 10845: 10830: 10823: 10801: 10797: 10778: 10763: 10758:Wayback Machine 10740:Wayback Machine 10730: 10726: 10716: 10714: 10700:Tracy, James D. 10697: 10693: 10689: 10684: 10683: 10678: 10676: 10672: 10667: 10663: 10650: 10646: 10636: 10632: 10619: 10615: 10609: 10605: 10596: 10592: 10586: 10582: 10577: 10573: 10541: 10537: 10525: 10521: 10504: 10500: 10490: 10486: 10481: 10479: 10475: 10470: 10466: 10460: 10456: 10447: 10443: 10411: 10407: 10402: 10398: 10393: 10389: 10379: 10377: 10373: 10367: 10356: 10347: 10343: 10326: 10322: 10316: 10312: 10303: 10299: 10278: 10274: 10250: 10246: 10218: 10214: 10204: 10202: 10198: 10191: 10182: 10178: 10138: 10134: 10125: 10121: 10112: 10108: 10097: 10095: 10072:10.2307/2707589 10051: 10047: 10038: 10034: 10025: 10021: 10008: 10004: 9997: 9962: 9958: 9949: 9945: 9877: 9873: 9862: 9840: 9836: 9830: 9826: 9816: 9814: 9786: 9782: 9772: 9770: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9746: 9736: 9734: 9722: 9718: 9713: 9709: 9693: 9689: 9667:sacrae litterae 9650: 9646: 9638: 9634: 9626: 9622: 9611: 9607: 9599: 9595: 9590: 9586: 9580:devotio moderna 9577: 9573: 9568: 9564: 9557: 9547:Wiley-Blackwell 9535:medieval church 9520: 9516: 9511: 9504: 9494: 9492: 9469:10.2307/2857071 9447: 9443: 9437: 9433: 9425: 9421: 9416: 9413: 9407: 9403: 9379:Reuchlin affair 9376: 9373:sceleratissimum 9358: 9354: 9340:Juan de Vergara 9328:Juan Luis Vives 9319: 9317: 9268: 9264: 9248: 9244: 9236: 9232: 9210: 9206: 9200: 9196: 9191: 9187: 9178: 9174: 9163: 9161: 9117: 9113: 9108: 9104: 9099: 9095: 9090: 9086: 9076: 9072: 9066: 9062: 9056: 9052: 9037: 9002: 8998: 8988: 8986: 8945: 8929: 8925: 8917:Judaizing. The 8904: 8900: 8890: 8888: 8875: 8874:'anti-semitic'. 8872: 8868: 8839: 8835: 8830: 8826: 8783: 8776: 8766: 8762: 8752: 8748: 8739: 8735: 8726: 8722: 8687:New Blackfriars 8678: 8674: 8664: 8660: 8632: 8628: 8610: 8606: 8590: 8586: 8577: 8573: 8568: 8564: 8554: 8550: 8545: 8541: 8536: 8532: 8527: 8523: 8502: 8498: 8485: 8481: 8475: 8471: 8463: 8459: 8449: 8445: 8436: 8432: 8427: 8423: 8417:Robert Estienne 8413:Sebastian Brant 8406: 8402: 8392: 8390: 8373: 8369: 8361:, Dutch silver 8352: 8348: 8327: 8323: 8311: 8307: 8280: 8276: 8270: 8266: 8224: 8220: 8214: 8210: 8205: 8201: 8196: 8192: 8182: 8178: 8173: 8169: 8164: 8160: 8144: 8140: 8130:Wayback Machine 8120: 8116: 8092: 8088: 8078: 8074: 8069: 8065: 8059: 8055: 8042: 8038: 8024: 8017: 8012: 8008: 8002: 7974: 7970: 7952: 7935: 7933: 7929: 7924: 7915: 7898: 7894: 7888:devotio moderna 7884: 7865: 7861: 7855:devotio moderna 7839: 7835: 7826: 7822: 7812: 7810: 7794: 7790: 7781: 7777: 7747: 7743: 7738: 7734: 7729: 7720: 7713:, New York, US. 7688:Queens' College 7628:Erasmus Studies 7567: 7483: 7449: 7447:Representations 7354: 7273: 7231: 7226: 7200: 7197: 7182: 7176: 7157: 7151: 7122:Textus Receptus 7096: 7090: 7045: 7039: 7033: 7027: 7020: 6989: 6986: 6959: 6956: 6944: 6917: 6875: 6865: 6830: 6810: 6722: 6699: 6693: 6687: 6671: 6665: 6620: 6608: 6601: 6591:Aristoteleanism 6578: 6575: 6560: 6535: 6532: 6513: 6510: 6448: 6427: 6411:Albrecht Duerer 6364: 6358: 6353: 6347: 6344: 6319: 6313: 6307: 6294: 6288: 6223: 6217: 6211: 6205: 6202: 6122: 6103: 6025: 6019: 5993: 5978: 5971: 5932:edition of the 5910: 5905: 5903:Catholic reform 5869:sacramentarians 5853: 5821: 5819:Personal reform 5812: 5783: 5773: 5771: 5759: 5751: 5750: 5745: 5744: 5743: 5578: 5570: 5569: 5568: 5388: 5380: 5379: 5378: 5198: 5190: 5189: 5188: 5068: 5059: 5049: 5048: 4956: 4948: 4947: 4877: 4867: 4866: 4840:Social teaching 4795: 4785: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4722: 4713: 4675:Reuchlin affair 4658:John Chrysostom 4621:Juan Luis Vives 4615: 4576: 4563: 4537: 4534: 4493: 4487: 4480: 4440:Church teaching 4414: 4383:Beatus Rhenanus 4353:Just War theory 4306: 4300: 4283: 4280: 4229: 4226: 4206: 4131: 4107: 4095: 4041:Beatus Rhenanus 3999: 3979:Tower of London 3952:William Tyndale 3937:first biography 3927:and Brigittine 3848:Juan de Vergara 3813: 3752:the Whale House 3744:deus ex machina 3742:appears like a 3699: 3616:Beatus Rhenanus 3557: 3556: 3555: 3542: 3533: 3523:Wolfgang Capito 3499:Beatus Rhenanus 3491:Johannes Froben 3487: 3481: 3444:, showing King 3370:Richard Sampson 3335:Johann Reuchlin 3311: 3310: 3309: 3300: 3278: 3276:Richard Sampson 3240: 3234: 3197: 3194:Queens' College 3177:'s chancellor, 3137:Sir Thomas More 3115: 3035:Sacra Theologia 2999: 2998: 2997: 2972: 2959: 2945:Germain de Brie 2901: 2895: 2859: 2815: 2814: 2813: 2800: 2794: 2754: 2748: 2684: 2683: 2682: 2679: 2650: 2648:Polydore Vergil 2608:Juan Luis Vives 2580: 2574: 2562:Aristotelianism 2528: 2498:), networking ( 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2415: 2404: 2393: 2386: 2374: 2363: 2356: 2344: 2332: 2325: 2318: 2311: 2304: 2293: 2281: 2280: 2273: 2272: 2263: 2256: 2249: 2242: 2235: 2215: 2208: 2201: 2180: 2173: 2166: 2155: 2143: 2142: 2135: 2134: 2125: 2118: 2111: 2110: 2103: 2102: 2085:Liège, Cologne 2080: 2073: 2066: 2059: 2048: 2037: 2030: 2023: 2016: 1995: 1988: 1967: 1960: 1953: 1946: 1939: 1932: 1911: 1904: 1897: 1876: 1875: 1868: 1867: 1858: 1851: 1844: 1837: 1817: 1816: 1809: 1808: 1799: 1792: 1781: 1769: 1762: 1742: 1735: 1724: 1713: 1706: 1686: 1666: 1659: 1652: 1633: 1626: 1606: 1582: 1581: 1573: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1547: 1542: 1541: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1523: 1518: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1503: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1494: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1475: 1474: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1460: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1386: 1385: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1220: 1173:Jacopo Sadoleto 1161:Juan de Vergara 1157: 1140:fervidos amores 1121: 1103:Chapter of Sion 1075: 1048:Devotio moderna 955:unwed parents. 913: 878: 876:Life and career 850:Catholic Church 769:Catholic priest 734:Catholic priest 712: 705: 701: 697: 665: 630: 626: 599:Catholic Church 563: 519:Wolfgang Capito 509:William Tyndale 472: 456:just war theory 425: 399:Julius Excluded 365: 314: 288: 257: 188: 113: 107: 103: 94: 84: 81: 70: 50: 47: 36: 30: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 27448: 27438: 27437: 27432: 27427: 27422: 27417: 27412: 27407: 27402: 27397: 27392: 27387: 27385:Paremiologists 27382: 27377: 27372: 27367: 27362: 27357: 27352: 27347: 27342: 27337: 27332: 27327: 27322: 27317: 27312: 27307: 27302: 27297: 27292: 27287: 27282: 27277: 27272: 27267: 27262: 27257: 27252: 27247: 27242: 27237: 27232: 27215: 27214: 27212: 27211: 27198: 27195: 27194: 27192: 27191: 27186: 27181: 27176: 27171: 27166: 27161: 27156: 27151: 27146: 27141: 27136: 27131: 27126: 27120: 27118: 27114: 27113: 27111: 27110: 27105: 27100: 27095: 27090: 27085: 27080: 27075: 27070: 27065: 27060: 27055: 27050: 27045: 27040: 27035: 27030: 27025: 27020: 27015: 27010: 27005: 27003:Henri de Lubac 27000: 26995: 26990: 26985: 26980: 26978:Gabriel Marcel 26975: 26970: 26965: 26960: 26958:Étienne Gilson 26955: 26950: 26945: 26940: 26935: 26929: 26927: 26923: 26922: 26920: 26919: 26914: 26909: 26907:George Tyrrell 26904: 26899: 26894: 26889: 26884: 26879: 26874: 26869: 26867:Émile Boutroux 26864: 26859: 26854: 26849: 26847:Giuseppe Pecci 26844: 26839: 26834: 26829: 26824: 26819: 26814: 26809: 26804: 26799: 26794: 26788: 26786: 26782: 26781: 26779: 26778: 26773: 26768: 26763: 26758: 26753: 26748: 26743: 26738: 26733: 26728: 26718: 26713: 26708: 26703: 26698: 26696:António Vieira 26693: 26688: 26686:René Descartes 26683: 26678: 26673: 26667: 26665: 26657:Baroque period 26655: 26652: 26651: 26649: 26648: 26643: 26638: 26633: 26628: 26621:Luis de Molina 26618: 26616:Peter Canisius 26613: 26608: 26603: 26598: 26596:Francis Xavier 26593: 26588: 26583: 26578: 26573: 26568: 26563: 26558: 26553: 26551:Thomas Cajetan 26548: 26542: 26540: 26531: 26528: 26527: 26525: 26524: 26519: 26514: 26509: 26504: 26499: 26494: 26489: 26484: 26482:Heinrich Seuse 26479: 26472: 26467: 26462: 26457: 26452: 26447: 26442: 26437: 26432: 26427: 26422: 26416: 26414: 26407: 26406: 26404: 26403: 26398: 26393: 26388: 26386:Thomas Aquinas 26383: 26381:Henry of Ghent 26378: 26373: 26368: 26363: 26358: 26353: 26348: 26343: 26338: 26333: 26328: 26326:Anselm of Laon 26323: 26318: 26313: 26308: 26303: 26298: 26293: 26288: 26283: 26278: 26272: 26270: 26264: 26263: 26261: 26260: 26255: 26250: 26248:Rabanus Maurus 26245: 26240: 26235: 26230: 26225: 26220: 26215: 26210: 26205: 26200: 26195: 26190: 26185: 26179: 26177: 26171: 26170: 26168: 26167: 26165:Pope Gregory I 26162: 26157: 26152: 26147: 26142: 26137: 26132: 26127: 26122: 26117: 26112: 26107: 26102: 26097: 26092: 26087: 26082: 26077: 26072: 26067: 26062: 26057: 26052: 26046: 26044: 26041:Pope Gregory I 26034: 26031: 26030: 26028: 26027: 26022: 26017: 26012: 26007: 26002: 25997: 25990: 25985: 25980: 25973: 25966: 25961: 25956: 25949: 25944: 25939: 25933: 25931: 25925: 25924: 25922: 25921: 25916: 25915: 25914: 25912:Biblical canon 25909: 25902:Catholic Bible 25899: 25894: 25893: 25892: 25882: 25881: 25880: 25869: 25867: 25863: 25862: 25857: 25854: 25853: 25846: 25845: 25838: 25831: 25823: 25814: 25813: 25811: 25810: 25798: 25785: 25782: 25781: 25779: 25778: 25773: 25768: 25763: 25758: 25753: 25748: 25743: 25738: 25733: 25727: 25725: 25721: 25720: 25718: 25717: 25712: 25707: 25702: 25701: 25700: 25695: 25685: 25680: 25675: 25670: 25665: 25660: 25655: 25650: 25645: 25643:Pascal's wager 25640: 25635: 25630: 25625: 25620: 25615: 25610: 25605: 25603:Guardian angel 25600: 25595: 25590: 25585: 25580: 25575: 25570: 25565: 25560: 25555: 25550: 25545: 25540: 25535: 25530: 25524: 25522: 25518: 25517: 25515: 25514: 25509: 25504: 25499: 25494: 25489: 25484: 25479: 25474: 25469: 25464: 25459: 25454: 25449: 25444: 25439: 25434: 25429: 25424: 25419: 25414: 25409: 25404: 25399: 25394: 25389: 25384: 25379: 25374: 25369: 25364: 25359: 25354: 25349: 25344: 25339: 25334: 25329: 25324: 25319: 25314: 25309: 25303: 25301: 25295: 25294: 25291: 25290: 25288: 25287: 25282: 25277: 25271: 25269: 25265: 25264: 25262: 25261: 25256: 25251: 25246: 25241: 25235: 25233: 25227: 25226: 25224: 25223: 25218: 25213: 25208: 25203: 25198: 25192: 25190: 25184: 25183: 25181: 25180: 25175: 25170: 25165: 25160: 25158:Augustinianism 25154: 25152: 25143: 25139: 25138: 25119: 25117: 25115: 25114: 25109: 25104: 25099: 25094: 25089: 25084: 25079: 25074: 25069: 25067:Divine command 25064: 25058: 25056: 25050: 25049: 25042: 25041: 25034: 25027: 25019: 25010: 25009: 25007: 25006: 25000: 24997: 24996: 24994: 24993: 24988: 24983: 24981:Social science 24978: 24973: 24968: 24963: 24958: 24953: 24948: 24943: 24938: 24933: 24928: 24923: 24918: 24913: 24907: 24905: 24901: 24900: 24898: 24897: 24887: 24877: 24871:Gender Trouble 24867: 24857: 24847: 24837: 24827: 24817: 24807: 24801:The Second Sex 24797: 24787: 24777: 24767: 24757: 24747: 24736: 24734: 24730: 24729: 24726: 24725: 24723: 24722: 24717: 24712: 24707: 24702: 24697: 24692: 24687: 24682: 24677: 24672: 24667: 24662: 24657: 24652: 24647: 24642: 24637: 24632: 24627: 24622: 24617: 24612: 24607: 24602: 24597: 24592: 24587: 24582: 24577: 24572: 24567: 24562: 24557: 24552: 24547: 24542: 24537: 24532: 24527: 24522: 24517: 24512: 24507: 24502: 24497: 24492: 24487: 24482: 24477: 24472: 24467: 24462: 24457: 24452: 24447: 24442: 24437: 24432: 24427: 24422: 24417: 24412: 24406: 24404: 24398: 24397: 24395: 24394: 24389: 24384: 24379: 24374: 24369: 24364: 24359: 24354: 24349: 24344: 24339: 24334: 24329: 24324: 24319: 24314: 24309: 24304: 24299: 24294: 24289: 24284: 24279: 24274: 24269: 24264: 24259: 24254: 24249: 24244: 24239: 24234: 24229: 24224: 24219: 24214: 24209: 24204: 24198: 24196: 24190: 24189: 24187: 24186: 24181: 24176: 24171: 24166: 24161: 24156: 24151: 24145: 24143: 24139: 24138: 24136: 24135: 24130: 24125: 24120: 24115: 24110: 24105: 24100: 24095: 24090: 24085: 24080: 24074: 24072: 24068: 24067: 24065: 24064: 24059: 24054: 24049: 24044: 24039: 24034: 24029: 24024: 24019: 24014: 24009: 24004: 23999: 23994: 23988: 23986: 23979: 23975: 23974: 23972: 23971: 23966: 23961: 23960: 23959: 23949: 23944: 23939: 23938: 23937: 23927: 23921: 23919: 23915: 23914: 23912: 23911: 23906: 23897: 23896: 23895: 23885: 23880: 23875: 23870: 23865: 23860: 23851: 23846: 23837: 23832: 23827: 23822: 23817: 23816: 23815: 23805: 23800: 23795: 23793:Invisible hand 23790: 23785: 23780: 23779: 23778: 23768: 23763: 23758: 23753: 23748: 23747: 23746: 23736: 23735: 23734: 23729: 23724: 23714: 23709: 23704: 23699: 23694: 23689: 23683: 23681: 23677: 23676: 23669: 23668: 23661: 23654: 23646: 23637: 23636: 23634: 23633: 23623: 23612: 23609: 23608: 23606: 23605: 23598: 23593: 23588: 23583: 23578: 23573: 23568: 23563: 23558: 23553: 23547: 23545: 23544:Related topics 23541: 23540: 23537: 23536: 23534: 23533: 23527: 23526: 23521: 23516: 23511: 23506: 23504:Daniel Dennett 23501: 23496: 23494:Ravi Zacharias 23491: 23486: 23481: 23476: 23471: 23466: 23461: 23459:William L Rowe 23455: 23453: 23445: 23444: 23442: 23441: 23436: 23434:William Alston 23431: 23426: 23421: 23416: 23411: 23406: 23401: 23396: 23390: 23389: 23384: 23382:Gabriel Marcel 23379: 23374: 23369: 23364: 23359: 23354: 23349: 23344: 23338: 23336: 23330: 23329: 23327: 23326: 23321: 23319:Ernst Cassirer 23316: 23311: 23306: 23301: 23296: 23291: 23285: 23284: 23279: 23274: 23269: 23264: 23258: 23256: 23250: 23249: 23247: 23246: 23241: 23236: 23231: 23226: 23221: 23216: 23214:Thomas Carlyle 23210: 23209: 23204: 23199: 23193: 23191: 23185: 23184: 23182: 23181: 23176: 23171: 23166: 23161: 23156: 23151: 23146: 23141: 23139:Baruch Spinoza 23136: 23131: 23126: 23124:René Descartes 23121: 23115: 23113: 23107: 23106: 23104: 23103: 23098: 23096:Thomas Aquinas 23093: 23088: 23083: 23078: 23073: 23068: 23063: 23058: 23053: 23048: 23043: 23038: 23033: 23027: 23025: 23011: 23002: 22999: 22998: 22996: 22995: 22990: 22985: 22980: 22975: 22970: 22965: 22959: 22957: 22951: 22950: 22948: 22947: 22942: 22937: 22932: 22927: 22921: 22919: 22913: 22912: 22910: 22909: 22902: 22897: 22892: 22887: 22882: 22877: 22872: 22867: 22865:Possibilianism 22862: 22857: 22852: 22847: 22842: 22837: 22832: 22827: 22822: 22821: 22820: 22815: 22810: 22800: 22795: 22790: 22785: 22780: 22775: 22774: 22773: 22768: 22763: 22753: 22748: 22743: 22741:Fundamentalism 22738: 22733: 22732: 22731: 22726: 22716: 22715: 22714: 22709: 22702:Existentialism 22699: 22694: 22689: 22684: 22679: 22674: 22669: 22664: 22659: 22654: 22649: 22644: 22639: 22633: 22631: 22625: 22624: 22621: 22620: 22618: 22617: 22612: 22607: 22602: 22597: 22595:Noncognitivism 22592: 22587: 22582: 22577: 22572: 22567: 22562: 22556: 22554: 22550: 22549: 22547: 22546: 22544:Transcendental 22541: 22540: 22539: 22534: 22524: 22519: 22514: 22512:Pascal's wager 22509: 22504: 22499: 22494: 22489: 22484: 22479: 22474: 22469: 22464: 22463: 22462: 22457: 22447: 22442: 22440:Christological 22437: 22431: 22429: 22422: 22416: 22415: 22412: 22411: 22409: 22408: 22403: 22398: 22393: 22388: 22383: 22378: 22373: 22368: 22363: 22358: 22352: 22350: 22346: 22345: 22343: 22342: 22337: 22332: 22327: 22322: 22317: 22312: 22307: 22302: 22297: 22292: 22286: 22280: 22274: 22273: 22271: 22270: 22265: 22260: 22255: 22250: 22245: 22240: 22235: 22234: 22233: 22222: 22217: 22211: 22209: 22205: 22204: 22197: 22196: 22189: 22182: 22174: 22165: 22164: 22162: 22161: 22154: 22148: 22146: 22142: 22141: 22139: 22138: 22132: 22125: 22123: 22117: 22116: 22114: 22113: 22105: 22097: 22089: 22081: 22073: 22065: 22057: 22049: 22040: 22038: 22031: 22030: 22028: 22027: 22022: 22017: 22012: 22007: 22002: 21997: 21992: 21987: 21982: 21976: 21974: 21970: 21969: 21967: 21966: 21961: 21956: 21951: 21946: 21941: 21936: 21931: 21926: 21921: 21916: 21911: 21906: 21901: 21896: 21891: 21883: 21875: 21867: 21860: 21858: 21854: 21853: 21851: 21850: 21848:(1537 edition) 21842: 21837: 21832: 21831: 21830: 21825: 21815: 21814: 21813: 21808: 21806:Law and Gospel 21803: 21797: 21792: 21789:Sola scriptura 21785: 21778: 21773: 21763: 21761:Luther's canon 21758: 21753: 21748: 21740: 21735: 21731:Exsurge Domine 21727: 21722: 21717: 21712: 21706: 21704: 21698: 21697: 21694: 21693: 21691: 21690: 21683: 21676: 21668: 21660: 21653: 21651: 21642: 21641: 21636: 21627: 21619: 21611: 21603: 21597: 21589: 21581: 21573: 21565: 21557: 21553:Deutsche Messe 21549: 21541: 21533: 21525: 21521:Formula missae 21517: 21509: 21501: 21493: 21485: 21477: 21469: 21461: 21452: 21450: 21446: 21445: 21443: 21442: 21437: 21431: 21428: 21427: 21420: 21419: 21412: 21405: 21397: 21388: 21387: 21385: 21384: 21373: 21370: 21369: 21367: 21366: 21365: 21364: 21354: 21345: 21343: 21342:Related topics 21339: 21338: 21336: 21335: 21327: 21321: 21312: 21310: 21306: 21305: 21298: 21296: 21294: 21293: 21285: 21277: 21269: 21261: 21253: 21245: 21237: 21229: 21221: 21213: 21205: 21196: 21194: 21193:Original works 21190: 21189: 21187: 21186: 21180: 21177: 21176: 21169: 21168: 21161: 21154: 21146: 21139: 21138: 21126: 21114: 21094: 21093: 21076: 21062: 21044: 21027: 21024: 21023: 21022: 21013: 21003: 20993: 20987: 20980: 20977: 20976: 20975: 20966: 20957: 20948: 20934: 20928:entry in the 20919: 20918: 20913: 20908: 20902: 20898: 20895: 20894: 20889: 20884: 20878: 20877: 20866: 20865: 20863: 20862:External links 20860: 20859: 20858: 20823:(1): 246–251. 20808: 20802: 20790: 20787: 20786: 20785: 20778: 20764: 20757: 20756: 20755: 20737: 20734: 20732: 20731: 20724: 20717: 20710: 20703: 20696: 20687: 20678: 20669: 20662: 20655: 20648: 20641: 20636:, Ron (2017). 20631: 20624: 20618: 20603: 20601: 20598: 20596: 20595: 20585: 20573: 20567: 20554: 20545: 20533: 20532: 20531: 20523:, and also in 20505: 20499: 20481: 20467: 20445: 20439: 20426: 20419: 20413: 20400: 20399:Reaktion Books 20393: 20387: 20373: 20371: 20368: 20366: 20363: 20361: 20360: 20334:(1): 122–139. 20314: 20301: 20283: 20265: 20251: 20226: 20208: 20190: 20172: 20154: 20136: 20117: 20092: 20066: 20040: 20031: 20006: 19989: 19961: 19932:10.2307/750613 19903: 19872: 19857: 19837: 19834: 19833: 19820: 19798: 19791: 19777: 19766: 19748: 19729:(6): 803–805. 19713: 19674: 19645:(7): 517–521. 19625: 19618: 19592: 19587:10.1086/670414 19581:(1): 180–181. 19564: 19529:(2): 161–172. 19509: 19482:(4): 526–544. 19462: 19443:(2): 113–154. 19423: 19410: 19363: 19332: 19313: 19290: 19271:(3): 484–506. 19255: 19248: 19222: 19183:(4): 595–635. 19163: 19150: 19116: 19098: 19060: 19029: 18980: 18948: 18925: 18897: 18886:(3): 268–284. 18866: 18851: 18832: 18825: 18799: 18768: 18761: 18741: 18724: 18705:(1): 107–113. 18689: 18658:(3): 377–403. 18635: 18599: 18572: 18542: 18515:(4): 411–430. 18495: 18488: 18459: 18442: 18435: 18417: 18400:UC Law Journal 18383: 18370: 18365:j.ctt19rmcgd.7 18355: 18325: 18318: 18301: 18281: 18266: 18244: 18225: 18210: 18180: 18161: 18141: 18104: 18073: 18046: 18015: 17956: 17949: 17916: 17885: 17855: 17826: 17799: 17788:(2): 113–136. 17772: 17745: 17722: 17687: 17657: 17638:(2): 109–125. 17622: 17611:(2): 229–231. 17594: 17587: 17561: 17554: 17528: 17500: 17457: 17450: 17425: 17418: 17392: 17377: 17356: 17340: 17333: 17313: 17293: 17276: 17263: 17237: 17217: 17186: 17159: 17152: 17131: 17104: 17071: 17041: 17032: 16985:(4): 459–469. 16979:Church History 16965: 16949: 16914:(2): 183–200. 16908:Church History 16894: 16885: 16866: 16843: 16820: 16783: 16768: 16761: 16743: 16712: 16693: 16654: 16647: 16621: 16607: 16592: 16566: 16547:(4): 694–696. 16531: 16498: 16466: 16451: 16436: 16413: 16366:(2): 304–308. 16346: 16339: 16313: 16285: 16259: 16214:(1): 113–136. 16191: 16172: 16147: 16124: 16093: 16074: 16049: 16034: 16016: 15970: 15950: 15910: 15879: 15862: 15848: 15828: 15777: 15746: 15739: 15713: 15692: 15687:j.ctv9b2ww5.11 15677: 15671:. 1517 Media. 15657: 15631: 15600: 15546: 15515: 15484: 15471: 15464: 15438: 15410: 15371: 15364: 15335: 15284: 15261: 15242:(7): 320–329. 15223: 15216: 15179: 15133: 15105: 15059: 14998: 14991: 14973: 14946: 14895: 14860: 14854: 14836: 14784: 14775: 14745: 14715: 14692: 14673: 14643: 14606: 14599: 14570: 14552: 14520: 14492: 14459:10.2307/470220 14453:(2): 243–251. 14433: 14401: 14386: 14360: 14347: 14340: 14320: 14305: 14274: 14259: 14232: 14229: 14228: 14205: 14180: 14173: 14166: 14138: 14119:(5): 556–568. 14092: 14061: 14017: 14002: 13995: 13965: 13923: 13893: 13886: 13860: 13825: 13812: 13805: 13781: 13735: 13709: 13642: 13635: 13614: 13607: 13574: 13560: 13542: 13528: 13503: 13496: 13466: 13415: 13376: 13344: 13317: 13258: 13228: 13225: 13224: 13191: 13146: 13134: 13127: 13097: 13088: 13070: 13039: 13005: 12976: 12946: 12940:978-1442648784 12939: 12921: 12891: 12870:Pattison, Mark 12861: 12844: 12832: 12823: 12814: 12783: 12764: 12744: 12737: 12717: 12710: 12680: 12650: 12631:(1): 141–148. 12610: 12551: 12544: 12526: 12491: 12472:(7): 517–526. 12452: 12433: 12410: 12351: 12336: 12318: 12265: 12224:(2): 200–229. 12204: 12182: 12159: 12127: 12120: 12102: 12072: 12065: 12047: 11996: 11961: 11954: 11934: 11905: 11895: 11875: 11845: 11810: 11803: 11785: 11766: 11746: 11730: 11717: 11694: 11687: 11669: 11637: 11598: 11566: 11539:(4): 437–443. 11514: 11508: 11485: 11466: 11457: 11426: 11412: 11390: 11367: 11361:Peter Nissen: 11354: 11324: 11285:(3): 332–349. 11265: 11226: 11207: 11181: 11174: 11113: 11097: 11075: 11052: 11012: 10948: 10920: 10907: 10900:(in Italian). 10888: 10859:(2): 184–216. 10828: 10821: 10795: 10761: 10724: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10682: 10681: 10670: 10661: 10644: 10630: 10613: 10603: 10590: 10580: 10571: 10546:Theology Today 10535: 10519: 10498: 10484: 10473: 10464: 10454: 10441: 10405: 10396: 10387: 10365: 10341: 10320: 10310: 10306:scopus christi 10297: 10272: 10244: 10212: 10176: 10150:Theology Today 10132: 10119: 10106: 10066:(4): 387–411. 10045: 10032: 10019: 10002: 9995: 9956: 9943: 9884:Thomas Aquinas 9871: 9864:. p. 92: 9860: 9834: 9824: 9780: 9744: 9716: 9707: 9687: 9659:sound learning 9644: 9632: 9620: 9605: 9593: 9584: 9571: 9562: 9555: 9549:. p. 60. 9514: 9502: 9441: 9431: 9419: 9401: 9375:) Christian." 9352: 9288:(2): 113–154. 9262: 9242: 9230: 9204: 9194: 9185: 9172: 9111: 9102: 9093: 9084: 9070: 9060: 9050: 9035: 8996: 8973:(4): 547–556. 8923: 8898: 8866: 8833: 8824: 8774: 8760: 8746: 8733: 8720: 8672: 8668:State of Grace 8658: 8626: 8614:Johan Huizinga 8604: 8584: 8571: 8562: 8548: 8539: 8530: 8521: 8496: 8479: 8469: 8443: 8439:Thomas Cajetan 8430: 8421: 8400: 8367: 8346: 8321: 8305: 8274: 8264: 8218: 8208: 8199: 8190: 8176: 8167: 8158: 8138: 8114: 8086: 8072: 8063: 8053: 8049:Pope Damasus I 8036: 8027:Andrea Ammonio 8015: 8006: 8000: 7968: 7927: 7892: 7859: 7833: 7820: 7788: 7775: 7755:, given after 7753:baptismal name 7741: 7731: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7719: 7716: 7715: 7714: 7695: 7685: 7682:Erasmus Bridge 7678: 7659: 7652: 7651: 7650: 7644: 7631: 7624: 7617: 7606: 7605: 7604: 7601:Erasmus Mundus 7597: 7590: 7580:European Union 7566: 7563: 7562: 7561: 7545: 7542: 7539: 7523: 7520:Quentin Matsys 7517: 7501:Albrecht Dürer 7498: 7495:William Warham 7457:Albrecht Dürer 7448: 7445: 7390:Quentin Matsys 7353: 7350: 7272: 7269: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7195: 7174: 7153:Main article: 7150: 7147: 7118:Church Fathers 7110: 7109: 7105: 7104: 7092:Main article: 7089: 7086: 7035:Main article: 7032: 7029: 7018: 6984: 6968:biblical texts 6954: 6943: 6940: 6916: 6913: 6863: 6829: 6828:Scopus christi 6826: 6809: 6806: 6798:Pope Adrian VI 6721: 6718: 6707:scopus christi 6698: 6695: 6685: 6663: 6619: 6614: 6599: 6573: 6559: 6556: 6530: 6508: 6447: 6444: 6426: 6423: 6419:Peter Canisius 6403: 6402: 6393: 6384: 6363: 6360: 6351: 6318: 6315: 6305: 6286: 6213:Main article: 6210: 6207: 6203:"On Free Will" 6200: 6165:bonae litterae 6121: 6118: 6102: 6099: 6017: 5992: 5989: 5969: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5852: 5849: 5820: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5810: 5803: 5796: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5781: 5769: 5756: 5753: 5752: 5747: 5746: 5742: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5580: 5579: 5576: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5567: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5187: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5070: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5047: 5046: 5045: 5044: 5039: 5029: 5024: 5023: 5022: 5017: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4991: 4990: 4988:Friends of God 4980: 4975: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4961:Augustinianism 4957: 4954: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4940: 4939: 4938: 4933: 4926:Predestination 4923: 4918: 4913: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4878: 4873: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4862:Works of mercy 4859: 4854: 4849: 4848: 4847: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4796: 4791: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4773: 4749: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4733: 4732: 4721: 4718: 4712: 4709: 4628:Shimon Markish 4614: 4611: 4600:half-Christian 4588:Western Europe 4584:Ottoman Empire 4575: 4572: 4562: 4559: 4532: 4492: 4489: 4478: 4413: 4410: 4345:correspondence 4299: 4296: 4278: 4240:and religious 4224: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4200: 4199: 4198: 4185: 4169: 4168: 4161: 4146: 4145: 4141: 4138: 4130: 4127: 4106: 4103: 4099:Johan Huizinga 4094: 4091: 3998: 3997:Death in Basel 3995: 3960:Juan de Valdés 3910:William Blount 3858:and published 3820:William Warham 3812: 3809: 3756:Damião de Góis 3728:Damião de Góis 3698: 3695: 3661:Pope Adrian VI 3648:Pope Adrian VI 3527:Damião de Góis 3515:Simon Grynaeus 3489: 3488: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3470:William Warham 3462:Guillaume Budé 3345:Quinten Matsys 3260:Albrecht Dürer 3242: 3241: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3202:Thomas Linacre 3149:Andrea Ammonio 3127:City of London 3114: 3111: 3095:Giulio Camillo 3080:Aldus Manutius 3050:Pope Julius II 3008:His discovery 2933:Janus Lascaris 2929:Marcus Musurus 2909:Giulio Camillo 2905:Aldus Manutius 2903: 2902: 2899:Italian circle 2897: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2858: 2855: 2779:Guillaume Budé 2756: 2755: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2710:church fathers 2661:William Warham 2657:William Blount 2632:Robert Aldrich 2604:Andrea Ammonio 2596:William Grocyn 2592:Thomas Linacre 2582: 2581: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2527: 2524: 2454: 2453: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2387: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2357: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2326: 2319: 2312: 2305: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2274: 2266: 2265: 2264: 2257: 2250: 2243: 2236: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2209: 2202: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2174: 2167: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2136: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2119: 2112: 2104: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2074: 2067: 2060: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2031: 2024: 2017: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2002: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1989: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1961: 1954: 1947: 1940: 1933: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1905: 1898: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1869: 1861: 1860: 1859: 1852: 1845: 1838: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1810: 1802: 1801: 1800: 1793: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1763: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1736: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1707: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1660: 1653: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1627: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1579: 1578: 1572: 1569: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1513: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1502: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1493: 1488: 1487: 1486: 1484: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1465: 1464: 1463: 1461: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1452: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1434: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1425: 1424: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1383: 1382: 1381: 1376: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1364: 1363: 1357: 1356: 1347: 1346: 1340: 1339: 1333: 1332: 1323: 1322: 1313: 1312: 1303: 1302: 1293: 1292: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1251:Pope Julius II 1197:Juan de Valdés 1181:Andrea Ammonio 1165:Guillaume Budé 1159: 1158: 1153: 1152: 1074: 1071: 1029:Damião de Gois 912: 909: 908: 907: 892: 888: 885: 877: 874: 789:Church Fathers 752:. Through his 742:educationalist 728:, was a Dutch 618: 617: 614: 613: 610: 609: 606: 602: 601: 596: 592: 591: 586: 582: 581: 577: 576: 573: 572: 569: 568: 565: 564: 562: 561: 559:Henri de Lubac 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 524:Damião de Góis 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 480: 478: 474: 473: 471: 470: 463: 458: 452: 447: 439: 433: 431: 427: 426: 424: 423: 416: 409: 402: 395: 388: 381: 373: 371: 367: 366: 364: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 326:Bonae litterae 322: 320: 319:Main interests 316: 315: 313: 312: 307: 302: 296: 294: 290: 289: 287: 286: 280: 278: 274: 273: 268: 264: 263: 259: 258: 256: 255: 253:Thomas Aquinas 250: 245: 240: 235: 233:Aldus Manutius 230: 225: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 196: 194: 190: 189: 187: 186: 176: 171: 165: 163: 159: 158: 154: 153: 150: 149: 144:Counsellor to 142: 138: 137: 127: 126:Known for 123: 122: 119: 115: 114: 108: 106:(aged 69) 100: 96: 95: 85: 76: 72: 71: 60: 52: 51: 48: 43: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 27447: 27436: 27433: 27431: 27428: 27426: 27423: 27421: 27418: 27416: 27413: 27411: 27408: 27406: 27403: 27401: 27398: 27396: 27393: 27391: 27388: 27386: 27383: 27381: 27378: 27376: 27373: 27371: 27368: 27366: 27363: 27361: 27358: 27356: 27353: 27351: 27348: 27346: 27343: 27341: 27338: 27336: 27333: 27331: 27328: 27326: 27323: 27321: 27318: 27316: 27313: 27311: 27308: 27306: 27303: 27301: 27298: 27296: 27293: 27291: 27288: 27286: 27283: 27281: 27278: 27276: 27273: 27271: 27268: 27266: 27263: 27261: 27258: 27256: 27253: 27251: 27248: 27246: 27243: 27241: 27238: 27236: 27233: 27231: 27228: 27227: 27225: 27210: 27205: 27200: 27199: 27196: 27190: 27187: 27185: 27184:Aidan Nichols 27182: 27180: 27177: 27175: 27172: 27170: 27167: 27165: 27164:Michał Heller 27162: 27160: 27157: 27155: 27154:Walter Kasper 27152: 27150: 27147: 27145: 27142: 27140: 27137: 27135: 27132: 27130: 27127: 27125: 27122: 27121: 27119: 27115: 27109: 27106: 27104: 27101: 27099: 27096: 27094: 27091: 27089: 27086: 27084: 27083:Thomas Merton 27081: 27079: 27076: 27074: 27071: 27069: 27066: 27064: 27061: 27059: 27056: 27054: 27053:Jean Daniélou 27051: 27049: 27046: 27044: 27041: 27039: 27036: 27034: 27031: 27029: 27026: 27024: 27021: 27019: 27016: 27014: 27011: 27009: 27006: 27004: 27001: 26999: 26996: 26994: 26991: 26989: 26986: 26984: 26981: 26979: 26976: 26974: 26971: 26969: 26966: 26964: 26961: 26959: 26956: 26954: 26951: 26949: 26946: 26944: 26941: 26939: 26936: 26934: 26931: 26930: 26928: 26924: 26918: 26915: 26913: 26910: 26908: 26905: 26903: 26900: 26898: 26895: 26893: 26890: 26888: 26885: 26883: 26880: 26878: 26875: 26873: 26870: 26868: 26865: 26863: 26860: 26858: 26855: 26853: 26850: 26848: 26845: 26843: 26840: 26838: 26835: 26833: 26830: 26828: 26825: 26823: 26820: 26818: 26815: 26813: 26810: 26808: 26805: 26803: 26800: 26798: 26795: 26793: 26792:Joseph Görres 26790: 26789: 26787: 26783: 26777: 26776:Bruno Lanteri 26774: 26772: 26769: 26767: 26764: 26762: 26759: 26757: 26754: 26752: 26749: 26747: 26744: 26742: 26739: 26737: 26734: 26732: 26731:Blaise Pascal 26729: 26726: 26722: 26719: 26717: 26714: 26712: 26709: 26707: 26704: 26702: 26699: 26697: 26694: 26692: 26689: 26687: 26684: 26682: 26679: 26677: 26674: 26672: 26669: 26668: 26666: 26663: 26658: 26653: 26647: 26644: 26642: 26639: 26637: 26634: 26632: 26629: 26626: 26622: 26619: 26617: 26614: 26612: 26609: 26607: 26604: 26602: 26599: 26597: 26594: 26592: 26591:John of Ávila 26589: 26587: 26584: 26582: 26579: 26577: 26574: 26572: 26569: 26567: 26564: 26562: 26559: 26557: 26554: 26552: 26549: 26547: 26544: 26543: 26541: 26538: 26534: 26529: 26523: 26520: 26518: 26515: 26513: 26510: 26508: 26505: 26503: 26500: 26498: 26495: 26493: 26490: 26488: 26485: 26483: 26480: 26478: 26477: 26473: 26471: 26470:Walter Hilton 26468: 26466: 26463: 26461: 26458: 26456: 26453: 26451: 26448: 26446: 26443: 26441: 26440:Richard Rolle 26438: 26436: 26433: 26431: 26428: 26426: 26423: 26421: 26418: 26417: 26415: 26412: 26408: 26402: 26399: 26397: 26394: 26392: 26389: 26387: 26384: 26382: 26379: 26377: 26374: 26372: 26369: 26367: 26364: 26362: 26359: 26357: 26354: 26352: 26349: 26347: 26344: 26342: 26339: 26337: 26334: 26332: 26329: 26327: 26324: 26322: 26321:Peter Lombard 26319: 26317: 26314: 26312: 26309: 26307: 26306:Peter Abelard 26304: 26302: 26299: 26297: 26294: 26292: 26289: 26287: 26284: 26282: 26279: 26277: 26274: 26273: 26271: 26269: 26265: 26259: 26256: 26254: 26251: 26249: 26246: 26244: 26241: 26239: 26236: 26234: 26231: 26229: 26226: 26224: 26221: 26219: 26216: 26214: 26211: 26209: 26206: 26204: 26201: 26199: 26198:Monothelitism 26196: 26194: 26191: 26189: 26188:John Climacus 26186: 26184: 26181: 26180: 26178: 26176: 26172: 26166: 26163: 26161: 26158: 26156: 26153: 26151: 26148: 26146: 26143: 26141: 26138: 26136: 26133: 26131: 26128: 26126: 26123: 26121: 26118: 26116: 26113: 26111: 26108: 26106: 26103: 26101: 26098: 26096: 26093: 26091: 26088: 26086: 26083: 26081: 26078: 26076: 26075:Monophysitism 26073: 26071: 26068: 26066: 26063: 26061: 26058: 26056: 26053: 26051: 26048: 26047: 26045: 26042: 26037: 26032: 26026: 26023: 26021: 26018: 26016: 26013: 26011: 26008: 26006: 26003: 26001: 25998: 25996: 25995: 25991: 25989: 25988:Justin Martyr 25986: 25984: 25981: 25979: 25978: 25974: 25972: 25971: 25967: 25965: 25962: 25960: 25957: 25955: 25954: 25950: 25948: 25945: 25943: 25940: 25938: 25935: 25934: 25932: 25930: 25926: 25920: 25917: 25913: 25910: 25908: 25905: 25904: 25903: 25900: 25898: 25895: 25891: 25890:Papal primacy 25888: 25887: 25886: 25883: 25879: 25876: 25875: 25874: 25871: 25870: 25868: 25864: 25860: 25855: 25851: 25844: 25839: 25837: 25832: 25830: 25825: 25824: 25821: 25809: 25799: 25797: 25792: 25787: 25786: 25783: 25777: 25776:Phenomenology 25774: 25772: 25769: 25767: 25764: 25762: 25759: 25757: 25754: 25752: 25749: 25747: 25744: 25742: 25739: 25737: 25734: 25732: 25729: 25728: 25726: 25722: 25716: 25713: 25711: 25708: 25706: 25703: 25699: 25696: 25694: 25691: 25690: 25689: 25686: 25684: 25681: 25679: 25676: 25674: 25673:Rota Fortunae 25671: 25669: 25666: 25664: 25661: 25659: 25656: 25654: 25651: 25649: 25646: 25644: 25641: 25639: 25636: 25634: 25633:Occam's razor 25631: 25629: 25626: 25624: 25621: 25619: 25616: 25614: 25613:Head of a pin 25611: 25609: 25606: 25604: 25601: 25599: 25596: 25594: 25591: 25589: 25586: 25584: 25581: 25579: 25576: 25574: 25571: 25569: 25566: 25564: 25561: 25559: 25556: 25554: 25551: 25549: 25546: 25544: 25541: 25539: 25536: 25534: 25531: 25529: 25528:Actus Essendi 25526: 25525: 25523: 25519: 25513: 25510: 25508: 25505: 25503: 25500: 25498: 25495: 25493: 25490: 25488: 25485: 25483: 25480: 25478: 25475: 25473: 25470: 25468: 25465: 25463: 25460: 25458: 25455: 25453: 25450: 25448: 25445: 25443: 25440: 25438: 25435: 25433: 25430: 25428: 25425: 25423: 25420: 25418: 25415: 25413: 25410: 25408: 25405: 25403: 25400: 25398: 25395: 25393: 25390: 25388: 25385: 25383: 25380: 25378: 25375: 25373: 25370: 25368: 25365: 25363: 25362:Chateaubriand 25360: 25358: 25355: 25353: 25350: 25348: 25345: 25343: 25340: 25338: 25335: 25333: 25330: 25328: 25325: 25323: 25320: 25318: 25315: 25313: 25310: 25308: 25305: 25304: 25302: 25300: 25296: 25286: 25283: 25281: 25278: 25276: 25273: 25272: 25270: 25266: 25260: 25257: 25255: 25252: 25250: 25249:Conceptualism 25247: 25245: 25242: 25240: 25237: 25236: 25234: 25232: 25228: 25222: 25219: 25217: 25214: 25212: 25209: 25207: 25204: 25202: 25199: 25197: 25194: 25193: 25191: 25189: 25185: 25179: 25176: 25174: 25171: 25169: 25166: 25164: 25163:Scholasticism 25161: 25159: 25156: 25155: 25153: 25151: 25147: 25144: 25140: 25113: 25112:Virtue ethics 25110: 25108: 25105: 25103: 25100: 25098: 25097:Seven virtues 25095: 25093: 25090: 25088: 25085: 25083: 25080: 25078: 25075: 25073: 25070: 25068: 25065: 25063: 25060: 25059: 25057: 25055: 25051: 25047: 25040: 25035: 25033: 25028: 25026: 25021: 25020: 25017: 25005: 25002: 25001: 24998: 24992: 24989: 24987: 24986:Social theory 24984: 24982: 24979: 24977: 24974: 24972: 24969: 24967: 24964: 24962: 24959: 24957: 24954: 24952: 24949: 24947: 24944: 24942: 24939: 24937: 24934: 24932: 24929: 24927: 24924: 24922: 24919: 24917: 24914: 24912: 24909: 24908: 24906: 24902: 24893: 24892: 24888: 24883: 24882: 24878: 24873: 24872: 24868: 24863: 24862: 24858: 24853: 24852: 24848: 24843: 24842: 24838: 24833: 24832: 24828: 24823: 24822: 24818: 24813: 24812: 24808: 24803: 24802: 24798: 24793: 24792: 24788: 24783: 24782: 24778: 24773: 24772: 24768: 24763: 24762: 24758: 24753: 24752: 24748: 24743: 24742: 24738: 24737: 24735: 24731: 24721: 24718: 24716: 24713: 24711: 24708: 24706: 24703: 24701: 24698: 24696: 24693: 24691: 24688: 24686: 24683: 24681: 24678: 24676: 24673: 24671: 24668: 24666: 24663: 24661: 24658: 24656: 24653: 24651: 24648: 24646: 24643: 24641: 24640:Radhakrishnan 24638: 24636: 24633: 24631: 24628: 24626: 24623: 24621: 24618: 24616: 24613: 24611: 24608: 24606: 24603: 24601: 24598: 24596: 24593: 24591: 24588: 24586: 24583: 24581: 24578: 24576: 24573: 24571: 24568: 24566: 24563: 24561: 24558: 24556: 24553: 24551: 24548: 24546: 24543: 24541: 24538: 24536: 24533: 24531: 24528: 24526: 24523: 24521: 24518: 24516: 24513: 24511: 24508: 24506: 24503: 24501: 24498: 24496: 24493: 24491: 24488: 24486: 24483: 24481: 24478: 24476: 24473: 24471: 24468: 24466: 24463: 24461: 24458: 24456: 24453: 24451: 24448: 24446: 24443: 24441: 24438: 24436: 24433: 24431: 24428: 24426: 24423: 24421: 24418: 24416: 24413: 24411: 24408: 24407: 24405: 24401:20th and 21st 24399: 24393: 24390: 24388: 24385: 24383: 24380: 24378: 24375: 24373: 24370: 24368: 24365: 24363: 24360: 24358: 24355: 24353: 24350: 24348: 24345: 24343: 24340: 24338: 24335: 24333: 24330: 24328: 24325: 24323: 24320: 24318: 24315: 24313: 24310: 24308: 24305: 24303: 24300: 24298: 24295: 24293: 24290: 24288: 24285: 24283: 24280: 24278: 24275: 24273: 24270: 24268: 24265: 24263: 24260: 24258: 24255: 24253: 24250: 24248: 24245: 24243: 24240: 24238: 24235: 24233: 24230: 24228: 24225: 24223: 24220: 24218: 24215: 24213: 24210: 24208: 24205: 24203: 24200: 24199: 24197: 24193:18th and 19th 24191: 24185: 24182: 24180: 24177: 24175: 24172: 24170: 24167: 24165: 24162: 24160: 24157: 24155: 24152: 24150: 24147: 24146: 24144: 24140: 24134: 24131: 24129: 24126: 24124: 24121: 24119: 24116: 24114: 24111: 24109: 24106: 24104: 24101: 24099: 24096: 24094: 24091: 24089: 24086: 24084: 24081: 24079: 24076: 24075: 24073: 24069: 24063: 24060: 24058: 24055: 24053: 24050: 24048: 24045: 24043: 24040: 24038: 24035: 24033: 24030: 24028: 24025: 24023: 24020: 24018: 24015: 24013: 24010: 24008: 24005: 24003: 24000: 23998: 23995: 23993: 23990: 23989: 23987: 23983: 23980: 23976: 23970: 23967: 23965: 23962: 23958: 23955: 23954: 23953: 23950: 23948: 23945: 23943: 23940: 23936: 23933: 23932: 23931: 23928: 23926: 23923: 23922: 23920: 23916: 23910: 23907: 23904: 23903: 23898: 23894: 23891: 23890: 23889: 23886: 23884: 23881: 23879: 23876: 23874: 23871: 23869: 23866: 23864: 23861: 23858: 23857: 23852: 23850: 23847: 23844: 23843: 23838: 23836: 23833: 23831: 23828: 23826: 23823: 23821: 23818: 23814: 23811: 23810: 23809: 23806: 23804: 23801: 23799: 23796: 23794: 23791: 23789: 23786: 23784: 23781: 23777: 23774: 23773: 23772: 23769: 23767: 23764: 23762: 23759: 23757: 23754: 23752: 23749: 23745: 23742: 23741: 23740: 23737: 23733: 23730: 23728: 23725: 23723: 23720: 23719: 23718: 23715: 23713: 23710: 23708: 23705: 23703: 23700: 23698: 23695: 23693: 23690: 23688: 23685: 23684: 23682: 23678: 23674: 23667: 23662: 23660: 23655: 23653: 23648: 23647: 23644: 23632: 23624: 23622: 23618: 23614: 23613: 23610: 23604: 23603: 23599: 23597: 23594: 23592: 23589: 23587: 23584: 23582: 23579: 23577: 23574: 23572: 23569: 23567: 23564: 23562: 23559: 23557: 23554: 23552: 23549: 23548: 23546: 23542: 23532: 23529: 23528: 23525: 23522: 23520: 23517: 23515: 23512: 23510: 23507: 23505: 23502: 23500: 23497: 23495: 23492: 23490: 23487: 23485: 23482: 23480: 23477: 23475: 23474:Anthony Kenny 23472: 23470: 23467: 23465: 23462: 23460: 23457: 23456: 23454: 23446: 23440: 23437: 23435: 23432: 23430: 23427: 23425: 23422: 23420: 23417: 23415: 23412: 23410: 23407: 23405: 23402: 23400: 23399:Mircea Eliade 23397: 23395: 23392: 23391: 23388: 23385: 23383: 23380: 23378: 23375: 23373: 23370: 23368: 23365: 23363: 23360: 23358: 23355: 23353: 23350: 23348: 23345: 23343: 23340: 23339: 23337: 23331: 23325: 23322: 23320: 23317: 23315: 23312: 23310: 23307: 23305: 23302: 23300: 23297: 23295: 23292: 23290: 23287: 23286: 23283: 23282:William James 23280: 23278: 23275: 23273: 23270: 23268: 23265: 23263: 23262:Ernst Haeckel 23260: 23259: 23257: 23251: 23245: 23242: 23240: 23237: 23235: 23232: 23230: 23227: 23225: 23222: 23220: 23217: 23215: 23212: 23211: 23208: 23205: 23203: 23200: 23198: 23195: 23194: 23192: 23186: 23180: 23177: 23175: 23174:Immanuel Kant 23172: 23170: 23167: 23165: 23162: 23160: 23157: 23155: 23152: 23150: 23147: 23145: 23142: 23140: 23137: 23135: 23132: 23130: 23129:Blaise Pascal 23127: 23125: 23122: 23120: 23117: 23116: 23114: 23112: 23108: 23102: 23099: 23097: 23094: 23092: 23089: 23087: 23084: 23082: 23079: 23077: 23074: 23072: 23069: 23067: 23064: 23062: 23059: 23057: 23054: 23052: 23049: 23047: 23044: 23042: 23039: 23037: 23034: 23032: 23029: 23028: 23026: 23024: 23019: 23015: 23012: 23007: 23000: 22994: 22991: 22989: 22986: 22984: 22981: 22979: 22976: 22974: 22971: 22969: 22966: 22964: 22961: 22960: 22958: 22956: 22952: 22946: 22943: 22941: 22938: 22936: 22933: 22931: 22930:Language game 22928: 22926: 22923: 22922: 22920: 22918: 22914: 22908: 22907: 22903: 22901: 22898: 22896: 22893: 22891: 22888: 22886: 22883: 22881: 22878: 22876: 22873: 22871: 22868: 22866: 22863: 22861: 22858: 22856: 22853: 22851: 22848: 22846: 22843: 22841: 22838: 22836: 22833: 22831: 22828: 22826: 22823: 22819: 22816: 22814: 22811: 22809: 22806: 22805: 22804: 22801: 22799: 22796: 22794: 22791: 22789: 22786: 22784: 22781: 22779: 22776: 22772: 22769: 22767: 22764: 22762: 22759: 22758: 22757: 22754: 22752: 22749: 22747: 22744: 22742: 22739: 22737: 22734: 22730: 22727: 22725: 22722: 22721: 22720: 22717: 22713: 22710: 22708: 22705: 22704: 22703: 22700: 22698: 22695: 22693: 22690: 22688: 22685: 22683: 22680: 22678: 22675: 22673: 22670: 22668: 22665: 22663: 22660: 22658: 22655: 22653: 22650: 22648: 22645: 22643: 22640: 22638: 22635: 22634: 22632: 22630: 22626: 22616: 22613: 22611: 22608: 22606: 22603: 22601: 22600:Occam's razor 22598: 22596: 22593: 22591: 22588: 22586: 22583: 22581: 22578: 22576: 22573: 22571: 22568: 22566: 22563: 22561: 22558: 22557: 22555: 22551: 22545: 22542: 22538: 22535: 22533: 22530: 22529: 22528: 22525: 22523: 22520: 22518: 22515: 22513: 22510: 22508: 22505: 22503: 22500: 22498: 22495: 22493: 22490: 22488: 22485: 22483: 22480: 22478: 22475: 22473: 22470: 22468: 22465: 22461: 22458: 22456: 22453: 22452: 22451: 22448: 22446: 22445:Consciousness 22443: 22441: 22438: 22436: 22433: 22432: 22430: 22426: 22423: 22421: 22417: 22407: 22404: 22402: 22399: 22397: 22394: 22392: 22389: 22387: 22384: 22382: 22379: 22377: 22374: 22372: 22369: 22367: 22364: 22362: 22359: 22357: 22354: 22353: 22351: 22347: 22341: 22340:Unmoved mover 22338: 22336: 22335:Supreme Being 22333: 22331: 22328: 22326: 22323: 22321: 22318: 22316: 22313: 22311: 22308: 22306: 22303: 22301: 22298: 22296: 22293: 22291: 22288: 22287: 22284: 22281: 22279: 22275: 22269: 22266: 22264: 22261: 22259: 22256: 22254: 22251: 22249: 22246: 22244: 22241: 22239: 22236: 22232: 22228: 22227: 22226: 22223: 22221: 22218: 22216: 22213: 22212: 22210: 22206: 22202: 22195: 22190: 22188: 22183: 22181: 22176: 22175: 22172: 22160: 22159: 22155: 22153: 22150: 22149: 22147: 22143: 22136: 22133: 22130: 22127: 22126: 22124: 22122: 22118: 22112: 22110: 22106: 22104: 22102: 22098: 22096: 22094: 22090: 22088: 22086: 22082: 22080: 22078: 22074: 22072: 22070: 22066: 22064: 22062: 22061:Martin Luther 22058: 22056: 22054: 22050: 22048: 22046: 22045:Martin Luther 22042: 22041: 22039: 22036: 22032: 22026: 22023: 22021: 22018: 22016: 22013: 22011: 22008: 22006: 22003: 22001: 21998: 21996: 21993: 21991: 21988: 21986: 21983: 21981: 21978: 21977: 21975: 21971: 21965: 21962: 21960: 21957: 21955: 21952: 21950: 21947: 21945: 21942: 21940: 21937: 21935: 21932: 21930: 21927: 21925: 21922: 21920: 21917: 21915: 21912: 21910: 21907: 21905: 21902: 21900: 21897: 21895: 21892: 21887: 21884: 21879: 21876: 21871: 21868: 21862: 21861: 21859: 21855: 21849: 21847: 21843: 21841: 21838: 21836: 21833: 21829: 21826: 21824: 21821: 21820: 21819: 21816: 21812: 21809: 21807: 21804: 21801: 21798: 21796: 21793: 21791: 21790: 21786: 21784: 21783: 21779: 21777: 21774: 21772: 21769: 21768: 21767: 21764: 21762: 21759: 21757: 21754: 21752: 21749: 21747: 21745: 21741: 21739: 21736: 21734: 21732: 21728: 21726: 21723: 21721: 21718: 21716: 21713: 21711: 21708: 21707: 21705: 21699: 21688: 21684: 21681: 21677: 21674: 21673: 21669: 21666: 21665: 21661: 21658: 21655: 21654: 21652: 21650: 21649:List of hymns 21646: 21640: 21637: 21634: 21633: 21628: 21625: 21624: 21620: 21617: 21616: 21612: 21609: 21608: 21604: 21601: 21598: 21595: 21594: 21590: 21587: 21586: 21582: 21579: 21578: 21574: 21571: 21570: 21566: 21563: 21562: 21558: 21555: 21554: 21550: 21547: 21546: 21542: 21539: 21538: 21534: 21531: 21530: 21526: 21523: 21522: 21518: 21515: 21514: 21510: 21507: 21506: 21502: 21499: 21498: 21494: 21491: 21490: 21486: 21483: 21482: 21478: 21475: 21474: 21470: 21467: 21466: 21462: 21459: 21458: 21454: 21453: 21451: 21447: 21441: 21438: 21436: 21433: 21432: 21429: 21425: 21424:Martin Luther 21418: 21413: 21411: 21406: 21404: 21399: 21398: 21395: 21383: 21375: 21374: 21371: 21363: 21362:Erasmus Prize 21360: 21359: 21358: 21355: 21352: 21351: 21347: 21346: 21344: 21340: 21333: 21332: 21328: 21325: 21322: 21319: 21318: 21314: 21313: 21311: 21307: 21302: 21291: 21290: 21286: 21283: 21282: 21278: 21275: 21274: 21270: 21267: 21266: 21262: 21259: 21258: 21254: 21251: 21250: 21246: 21243: 21242: 21238: 21235: 21234: 21230: 21227: 21226: 21222: 21219: 21218: 21214: 21211: 21210: 21206: 21203: 21202: 21198: 21197: 21195: 21191: 21185: 21182: 21181: 21178: 21174: 21167: 21162: 21160: 21155: 21153: 21148: 21147: 21144: 21137: 21132: 21127: 21125: 21120: 21115: 21113: 21103: 21102: 21099: 21089: 21085: 21080: 21077: 21075: 21071: 21067: 21063: 21060: 21056: 21053:, and guests 21052: 21048: 21045: 21037: 21033: 21030: 21029: 21021: 21017: 21014: 21011: 21007: 21004: 21001: 20997: 20994: 20991: 20988: 20986: 20983: 20982: 20974: 20970: 20967: 20965: 20961: 20958: 20955: 20954: 20949: 20945: 20944: 20939: 20935: 20933: 20932: 20927: 20924: 20923: 20917: 20914: 20912: 20909: 20907: 20904: 20903: 20901: 20893: 20890: 20888: 20885: 20883: 20880: 20879: 20874: 20869: 20854: 20850: 20846: 20842: 20838: 20834: 20830: 20826: 20822: 20818: 20814: 20809: 20806: 20803: 20800: 20796: 20793: 20792: 20783: 20779: 20777: 20773: 20769: 20765: 20762: 20758: 20753: 20750: 20749: 20747: 20743: 20740: 20739: 20729: 20725: 20722: 20718: 20715: 20711: 20708: 20704: 20701: 20697: 20694: 20693: 20688: 20685: 20684: 20679: 20676: 20675: 20670: 20667: 20663: 20660: 20656: 20653: 20649: 20646: 20642: 20639: 20635: 20632: 20629: 20625: 20621: 20619:9780802085771 20615: 20611: 20610: 20605: 20604: 20593: 20589: 20586: 20583: 20582: 20577: 20574: 20570: 20568:9780826491558 20564: 20560: 20555: 20552: 20551: 20546: 20542: 20538: 20534: 20529: 20528: 20526: 20522: 20516: 20515: 20510: 20506: 20502: 20496: 20492: 20491: 20486: 20482: 20478: 20477: 20472: 20468: 20464: 20460: 20456: 20455: 20450: 20446: 20442: 20436: 20432: 20427: 20424: 20420: 20416: 20414:9781857926958 20410: 20406: 20401: 20398: 20394: 20390: 20384: 20380: 20375: 20374: 20349: 20345: 20341: 20337: 20333: 20329: 20325: 20318: 20311: 20305: 20297: 20293: 20287: 20279: 20275: 20269: 20261: 20255: 20239: 20233: 20231: 20222: 20218: 20212: 20204: 20200: 20194: 20186: 20182: 20176: 20168: 20164: 20158: 20150: 20146: 20140: 20132: 20128: 20121: 20106: 20102: 20096: 20080: 20076: 20070: 20055: 20051: 20044: 20035: 20020: 20016: 20010: 20002: 20001: 19993: 19977: 19976: 19971: 19965: 19957: 19953: 19949: 19945: 19941: 19937: 19933: 19929: 19925: 19921: 19917: 19910: 19908: 19891: 19890: 19885: 19879: 19877: 19868: 19861: 19853: 19846: 19844: 19842: 19830: 19826: 19821: 19817: 19813: 19809: 19808:EXARC Journal 19805: 19800: 19799: 19795: 19786: 19784: 19782: 19775: 19770: 19762: 19758: 19752: 19744: 19740: 19736: 19732: 19728: 19724: 19717: 19709: 19705: 19701: 19697: 19693: 19689: 19685: 19678: 19670: 19666: 19661: 19656: 19652: 19648: 19644: 19640: 19636: 19629: 19621: 19615: 19611: 19607: 19603: 19596: 19588: 19584: 19580: 19576: 19568: 19560: 19556: 19552: 19548: 19544: 19540: 19536: 19532: 19528: 19524: 19520: 19513: 19505: 19501: 19497: 19493: 19489: 19485: 19481: 19477: 19473: 19466: 19458: 19454: 19450: 19446: 19442: 19438: 19434: 19427: 19420: 19414: 19406: 19402: 19398: 19394: 19390: 19386: 19383:(1): 84–101. 19382: 19378: 19374: 19367: 19351: 19348:(145): 7, 8. 19347: 19343: 19336: 19329: 19325: 19324: 19320:Tello, Joan. 19317: 19309: 19305: 19301: 19294: 19286: 19282: 19278: 19274: 19270: 19266: 19259: 19251: 19249:9789004539686 19245: 19241: 19237: 19233: 19226: 19210: 19206: 19202: 19198: 19194: 19190: 19186: 19182: 19178: 19174: 19167: 19160: 19154: 19138: 19134: 19130: 19123: 19121: 19112: 19108: 19102: 19086: 19082: 19078: 19074: 19067: 19065: 19048: 19044: 19040: 19033: 19014: 19010: 19006: 19002: 18995: 18993: 18984: 18969: 18965: 18961: 18960: 18952: 18944: 18940: 18936: 18929: 18921: 18917: 18913: 18909: 18901: 18893: 18889: 18885: 18881: 18877: 18870: 18862: 18858: 18854: 18848: 18844: 18843: 18836: 18828: 18822: 18818: 18814: 18810: 18803: 18787: 18783: 18779: 18772: 18764: 18762:9780228014690 18758: 18754: 18753: 18745: 18737: 18736: 18728: 18720: 18716: 18712: 18708: 18704: 18700: 18693: 18677: 18673: 18669: 18665: 18661: 18657: 18653: 18649: 18642: 18640: 18631: 18627: 18623: 18619: 18612: 18610: 18608: 18606: 18604: 18595: 18591: 18587: 18583: 18576: 18568: 18564: 18560: 18553: 18551: 18549: 18547: 18538: 18534: 18530: 18526: 18522: 18518: 18514: 18510: 18506: 18499: 18491: 18485: 18481: 18477: 18473: 18472: 18463: 18455: 18454: 18446: 18438: 18432: 18428: 18421: 18413: 18409: 18405: 18401: 18397: 18390: 18388: 18380: 18374: 18366: 18362: 18358: 18356:9780813228013 18352: 18348: 18344: 18340: 18336: 18329: 18321: 18319:9780802092229 18315: 18311: 18305: 18294: 18293: 18285: 18277: 18273: 18269: 18267:9780802068064 18263: 18259: 18255: 18248: 18240: 18236: 18229: 18221: 18217: 18213: 18207: 18203: 18199: 18195: 18191: 18184: 18176: 18172: 18165: 18157: 18151: 18145: 18126: 18122: 18115: 18108: 18089: 18088: 18080: 18078: 18069: 18065: 18061: 18057: 18050: 18034: 18030: 18026: 18019: 18003: 17999: 17995: 17991: 17987: 17983: 17979: 17976:(1): 78–106. 17975: 17971: 17967: 17960: 17952: 17946: 17942: 17938: 17934: 17927: 17925: 17923: 17921: 17904: 17900: 17896: 17889: 17873: 17866: 17859: 17843: 17839: 17838: 17830: 17814: 17810: 17803: 17795: 17791: 17787: 17783: 17776: 17760: 17756: 17752: 17748: 17746:9781487500610 17742: 17738: 17737: 17729: 17727: 17718: 17714: 17710: 17706: 17702: 17698: 17691: 17675: 17668: 17661: 17653: 17649: 17645: 17641: 17637: 17633: 17626: 17618: 17614: 17610: 17606: 17598: 17590: 17588:9789004539686 17584: 17580: 17576: 17572: 17565: 17557: 17555:9789004255630 17551: 17547: 17543: 17539: 17532: 17526: 17524: 17518: 17514: 17511: 17510: 17504: 17488: 17484: 17480: 17476: 17472: 17468: 17461: 17453: 17447: 17443: 17442: 17434: 17432: 17430: 17421: 17415: 17411: 17407: 17403: 17402:Controversies 17396: 17390: 17387: 17381: 17375: 17372: 17368: 17365: 17360: 17353: 17349: 17348:Hyperaspistes 17344: 17336: 17334:90-04-12218-4 17330: 17326: 17325: 17317: 17310: 17306: 17302: 17297: 17290: 17286: 17280: 17273: 17267: 17252: 17248: 17241: 17230: 17229: 17221: 17205: 17201: 17197: 17190: 17182: 17178: 17174: 17166: 17164: 17155: 17153:0-8020-5976-7 17149: 17145: 17141: 17135: 17127: 17123: 17119: 17115: 17108: 17099: 17094: 17091:(1): 33–102. 17090: 17086: 17082: 17075: 17059: 17055: 17051: 17045: 17036: 17020: 17016: 17012: 17008: 17004: 17000: 16996: 16992: 16988: 16984: 16980: 16976: 16969: 16962: 16956: 16954: 16945: 16941: 16937: 16933: 16929: 16925: 16921: 16917: 16913: 16909: 16905: 16898: 16889: 16881: 16877: 16870: 16862: 16858: 16854: 16847: 16839: 16835: 16829: 16824: 16805: 16801: 16794: 16787: 16779: 16772: 16764: 16758: 16754: 16747: 16731: 16727: 16726:Image Journal 16723: 16716: 16700: 16696: 16694:9780521772242 16690: 16686: 16682: 16678: 16674: 16667: 16665: 16663: 16661: 16659: 16650: 16644: 16640: 16636: 16632: 16625: 16617: 16611: 16603: 16599: 16595: 16589: 16585: 16581: 16577: 16570: 16562: 16558: 16554: 16550: 16546: 16542: 16535: 16527: 16521: 16505: 16501: 16495: 16491: 16487: 16483: 16482: 16477: 16470: 16462: 16455: 16447: 16440: 16432: 16428: 16424: 16417: 16401: 16397: 16393: 16389: 16385: 16381: 16377: 16373: 16369: 16365: 16361: 16357: 16350: 16342: 16336: 16332: 16328: 16324: 16317: 16301: 16297: 16296: 16289: 16273: 16269: 16263: 16257: 16253: 16250: 16233: 16229: 16225: 16221: 16217: 16213: 16209: 16202: 16195: 16179: 16175: 16169: 16166:. CUA Press. 16165: 16164: 16156: 16154: 16152: 16143: 16139: 16135: 16128: 16112: 16108: 16104: 16097: 16089: 16085: 16078: 16062: 16061: 16053: 16046: 16045: 16038: 16030: 16026: 16020: 16004: 16000: 15996: 15992: 15988: 15984: 15977: 15975: 15968: 15967:0-271-02811-4 15964: 15960: 15957:Remer, Gary, 15954: 15938: 15934: 15930: 15926: 15919: 15917: 15915: 15898: 15894: 15890: 15883: 15875: 15874: 15866: 15851: 15845: 15841: 15840: 15832: 15816: 15812: 15808: 15804: 15800: 15796: 15792: 15788: 15781: 15765: 15761: 15757: 15750: 15742: 15736: 15732: 15728: 15724: 15717: 15702: 15696: 15688: 15684: 15680: 15674: 15670: 15669: 15661: 15646: 15642: 15635: 15619: 15615: 15611: 15604: 15588: 15584: 15580: 15576: 15572: 15568: 15564: 15560: 15553: 15551: 15534: 15530: 15526: 15519: 15503: 15499: 15495: 15488: 15481: 15475: 15467: 15465:9789004539686 15461: 15457: 15453: 15449: 15442: 15434: 15430: 15426: 15419: 15417: 15415: 15406: 15402: 15398: 15394: 15390: 15386: 15382: 15375: 15367: 15365:9781139017169 15361: 15357: 15353: 15349: 15342: 15340: 15323: 15319: 15315: 15311: 15307: 15303: 15299: 15295: 15288: 15280: 15276: 15272: 15265: 15257: 15253: 15249: 15245: 15241: 15237: 15230: 15228: 15219: 15213: 15209: 15205: 15201: 15197: 15190: 15188: 15186: 15184: 15168: 15164: 15160: 15156: 15152: 15148: 15144: 15137: 15129: 15125: 15121: 15117: 15109: 15094: 15090: 15086: 15082: 15078: 15074: 15070: 15063: 15047: 15043: 15039: 15035: 15031: 15027: 15023: 15019: 15013: 15011: 15005: 15003: 14994: 14988: 14984: 14977: 14969: 14965: 14961: 14957: 14950: 14934: 14930: 14926: 14922: 14918: 14914: 14910: 14906: 14899: 14883: 14879: 14875: 14871: 14864: 14857: 14855:9789004129849 14851: 14847: 14840: 14832: 14828: 14824: 14820: 14816: 14812: 14808: 14804: 14800: 14799: 14791: 14789: 14779: 14771: 14767: 14763: 14759: 14752: 14750: 14733: 14729: 14725: 14719: 14711: 14710: 14704: 14696: 14688: 14684: 14677: 14661: 14657: 14653: 14647: 14631: 14627: 14623: 14619: 14618: 14610: 14602: 14596: 14592: 14588: 14584: 14577: 14575: 14566: 14559: 14557: 14540: 14536: 14535: 14527: 14525: 14516: 14512: 14508: 14507: 14499: 14497: 14480: 14476: 14472: 14468: 14464: 14460: 14456: 14452: 14448: 14444: 14437: 14429: 14425: 14421: 14417: 14410: 14408: 14406: 14397: 14393: 14389: 14383: 14379: 14375: 14371: 14364: 14357: 14351: 14343: 14337: 14333: 14332: 14324: 14316: 14312: 14308: 14302: 14298: 14294: 14290: 14283: 14281: 14279: 14270: 14266: 14262: 14256: 14252: 14248: 14244: 14236: 14217: 14213: 14212: 14206: 14194: 14190: 14186: 14182: 14181: 14177: 14169: 14163: 14159: 14155: 14151: 14150: 14142: 14134: 14130: 14126: 14122: 14118: 14114: 14110: 14103: 14101: 14099: 14097: 14080: 14076: 14072: 14065: 14046: 14042: 14038: 14031: 14024: 14022: 14013: 14006: 13998: 13992: 13988: 13984: 13980: 13979:Controversies 13972: 13970: 13961: 13957: 13953: 13949: 13945: 13941: 13937: 13930: 13928: 13911: 13907: 13903: 13897: 13889: 13883: 13879: 13875: 13871: 13864: 13857: 13843: 13839: 13835: 13829: 13822: 13816: 13808: 13802: 13798: 13794: 13793: 13785: 13777: 13773: 13769: 13765: 13761: 13757: 13753: 13746: 13744: 13742: 13740: 13723: 13719: 13713: 13697: 13693: 13689: 13685: 13681: 13677: 13673: 13669: 13665: 13661: 13657: 13653: 13646: 13638: 13632: 13628: 13621: 13619: 13610: 13604: 13600: 13596: 13592: 13585: 13583: 13581: 13579: 13570: 13564: 13556: 13552: 13546: 13531: 13525: 13521: 13520: 13512: 13510: 13508: 13499: 13493: 13489: 13485: 13481: 13477: 13470: 13454: 13449: 13445: 13441: 13437: 13433: 13429: 13422: 13420: 13403: 13399: 13395: 13391: 13387: 13380: 13372: 13364: 13363: 13355: 13353: 13351: 13349: 13332: 13328: 13321: 13305: 13301: 13297: 13293: 13289: 13285: 13281: 13277: 13273: 13269: 13262: 13246: 13242: 13238: 13232: 13213: 13209: 13208:10.58079/td2u 13205: 13201: 13197: 13192: 13188: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13160: 13156: 13152: 13147: 13143: 13142: 13136: 13135: 13131: 13115: 13111: 13107: 13101: 13092: 13084: 13080: 13074: 13058: 13054: 13050: 13043: 13027: 13023: 13019: 13012: 13010: 12993: 12989: 12988: 12980: 12964: 12960: 12956: 12950: 12942: 12936: 12932: 12925: 12909: 12905: 12901: 12895: 12887: 12886: 12880: 12875: 12871: 12865: 12858: 12854: 12848: 12841: 12836: 12827: 12818: 12810: 12806: 12802: 12798: 12794: 12787: 12779: 12775: 12768: 12759: 12757: 12755: 12753: 12751: 12749: 12740: 12734: 12730: 12729: 12721: 12713: 12707: 12703: 12699: 12695: 12691: 12684: 12668: 12664: 12660: 12654: 12646: 12642: 12638: 12634: 12630: 12626: 12619: 12617: 12615: 12598: 12594: 12590: 12586: 12582: 12578: 12574: 12571:(93): 91–96. 12570: 12566: 12562: 12555: 12547: 12541: 12537: 12530: 12522: 12518: 12514: 12510: 12506: 12502: 12495: 12487: 12483: 12479: 12475: 12471: 12467: 12463: 12456: 12440: 12436: 12430: 12426: 12425: 12417: 12415: 12398: 12394: 12390: 12386: 12382: 12378: 12374: 12370: 12366: 12362: 12355: 12347: 12340: 12332: 12325: 12323: 12314: 12299: 12295: 12291: 12290: 12284: 12276: 12274: 12272: 12270: 12253: 12249: 12245: 12241: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12223: 12219: 12215: 12208: 12189: 12185: 12179: 12172: 12171: 12163: 12148: 12144: 12140: 12139: 12131: 12123: 12121:9798352124185 12117: 12113: 12106: 12090: 12086: 12082: 12076: 12068: 12062: 12058: 12051: 12035: 12031: 12027: 12023: 12019: 12015: 12011: 12007: 12000: 11992: 11988: 11984: 11980: 11977:(2): 95–105. 11976: 11972: 11965: 11957: 11951: 11947: 11946: 11938: 11929: 11924: 11920: 11916: 11909: 11903: 11898: 11892: 11888: 11887: 11879: 11863: 11859: 11855: 11849: 11833: 11829: 11825: 11821: 11814: 11806: 11800: 11796: 11789: 11773: 11769: 11767:9781442691773 11763: 11759: 11758: 11750: 11743: 11739: 11734: 11727: 11721: 11713: 11709: 11705: 11698: 11690: 11684: 11680: 11673: 11665: 11664: 11656: 11654: 11652: 11650: 11648: 11646: 11644: 11642: 11633: 11629: 11625: 11621: 11617: 11613: 11609: 11602: 11586: 11582: 11581: 11578: 11570: 11562: 11558: 11554: 11550: 11546: 11542: 11538: 11534: 11527: 11525: 11523: 11521: 11519: 11511: 11509:9780802028679 11505: 11501: 11500: 11492: 11490: 11482: 11478: 11473: 11471: 11461: 11445: 11441: 11437: 11430: 11421: 11419: 11417: 11397: 11393: 11387: 11380: 11379: 11371: 11364: 11358: 11342: 11338: 11334: 11328: 11312: 11308: 11304: 11300: 11296: 11292: 11288: 11284: 11280: 11276: 11269: 11261: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11246:(2): 88–101. 11245: 11241: 11237: 11230: 11223: 11222:Charles Reade 11219: 11218: 11211: 11195: 11191: 11185: 11177: 11171: 11167: 11163: 11159: 11158: 11150: 11148: 11146: 11144: 11142: 11140: 11138: 11136: 11134: 11132: 11130: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11122: 11120: 11118: 11110: 11104: 11102: 11093: 11092: 11084: 11082: 11080: 11071: 11067: 11063: 11056: 11040: 11036: 11032: 11028: 11021: 11019: 11017: 11000: 10996: 10992: 10988: 10984: 10980: 10976: 10972: 10965: 10963: 10961: 10959: 10957: 10955: 10953: 10944: 10940: 10936: 10929: 10927: 10925: 10917: 10911: 10903: 10899: 10892: 10884: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10866: 10862: 10858: 10854: 10850: 10843: 10841: 10839: 10837: 10835: 10833: 10824: 10818: 10814: 10810: 10806: 10799: 10791: 10787: 10783: 10776: 10774: 10772: 10770: 10768: 10766: 10759: 10755: 10752: 10748: 10747: 10741: 10737: 10734: 10728: 10712: 10708: 10704: 10701: 10695: 10691: 10674: 10665: 10658: 10654: 10648: 10640: 10634: 10627: 10623: 10617: 10607: 10600: 10594: 10584: 10575: 10567: 10563: 10559: 10555: 10551: 10547: 10539: 10532: 10528: 10523: 10516: 10512: 10508: 10502: 10494: 10488: 10477: 10468: 10458: 10451: 10445: 10437: 10433: 10429: 10425: 10422:(2): 82–101. 10421: 10417: 10409: 10400: 10391: 10372: 10368: 10362: 10355: 10354: 10345: 10338: 10334: 10330: 10324: 10314: 10307: 10301: 10294: 10290: 10286: 10282: 10276: 10268: 10264: 10260: 10254: 10253:John Wycliffe 10248: 10242: 10238: 10235:, it was not 10234: 10230: 10227:, it was not 10226: 10222: 10216: 10197: 10190: 10189: 10180: 10171: 10167: 10163: 10159: 10155: 10151: 10146: 10142: 10136: 10129: 10123: 10116: 10110: 10093: 10089: 10085: 10081: 10077: 10073: 10069: 10065: 10061: 10057: 10049: 10042: 10036: 10029: 10023: 10016: 10012: 10006: 9998: 9996:9789004539686 9992: 9988: 9984: 9980: 9972: 9966: 9960: 9953: 9947: 9939: 9935: 9931: 9927: 9921: 9920:Protestantism 9917: 9913: 9912:Greek Fathers 9909: 9908: 9903: 9902: 9897: 9893: 9889: 9885: 9881: 9880:scholasticism 9875: 9868: 9867:Christianity. 9863: 9861:9780521403085 9857: 9853: 9849: 9845: 9838: 9828: 9812: 9808: 9804: 9800: 9794: 9790: 9784: 9768: 9764: 9760: 9748: 9732: 9728: 9720: 9711: 9705: 9701: 9697: 9691: 9684: 9680: 9676: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9660: 9656: 9655: 9648: 9642: 9636: 9630: 9624: 9616: 9609: 9602: 9597: 9588: 9581: 9575: 9566: 9558: 9552: 9548: 9544: 9543: 9536: 9532: 9528: 9524: 9518: 9509: 9507: 9490: 9486: 9482: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9462: 9458: 9454: 9445: 9435: 9429: 9423: 9411: 9405: 9398: 9394: 9393: 9388: 9384: 9380: 9374: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9356: 9349: 9345: 9341: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9315: 9311: 9307: 9303: 9299: 9295: 9291: 9287: 9283: 9279: 9273: 9266: 9258: 9254: 9246: 9240: 9234: 9225: 9221: 9214: 9208: 9198: 9189: 9182: 9176: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9131: 9125: 9121: 9115: 9106: 9097: 9088: 9080: 9074: 9064: 9054: 9046: 9042: 9038: 9036:9781487510206 9032: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9014: 9010: 9006: 9000: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8958: 8957: 8953: 8949: 8942: 8936: 8934: 8927: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8908: 8902: 8886: 8882: 8878: 8870: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8847: 8843: 8837: 8828: 8819: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8794:(1): 87–109. 8793: 8789: 8781: 8779: 8771: 8764: 8757: 8750: 8743: 8737: 8730: 8724: 8716: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8696: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8676: 8669: 8662: 8654: 8650: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8630: 8623: 8619: 8615: 8608: 8601: 8597: 8594: 8588: 8581: 8575: 8566: 8558: 8552: 8543: 8534: 8525: 8518: 8514: 8510: 8506: 8500: 8493: 8489: 8488:Oecolampadius 8483: 8473: 8462: 8457: 8453: 8447: 8440: 8434: 8425: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8404: 8388: 8384: 8380: 8371: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8353:Italian gold 8350: 8343: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8325: 8317: 8309: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8291: 8284: 8283:Henry Bullock 8278: 8268: 8258: 8254: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8238: 8234: 8228: 8227:Bernard André 8222: 8212: 8203: 8194: 8186: 8180: 8171: 8162: 8154: 8150: 8142: 8135: 8131: 8127: 8124: 8118: 8110: 8106: 8102: 8098: 8090: 8083: 8076: 8067: 8057: 8050: 8046: 8040: 8033: 8028: 8022: 8020: 8010: 8003: 8001:9780802028679 7997: 7993: 7992: 7984: 7983:progymnasmata 7978: 7972: 7963: 7959: 7949: 7945: 7941: 7931: 7923: 7919: 7913: 7909: 7905: 7902: 7896: 7889: 7882: 7878: 7874: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7856: 7852: 7851:Redemptorists 7848: 7844: 7837: 7830: 7824: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7792: 7785: 7779: 7771: 7770:Roterdamensis 7766: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7750: 7745: 7736: 7732: 7724: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7693: 7689: 7686: 7683: 7679: 7676: 7675:General Court 7672: 7668: 7664: 7660: 7657: 7653: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7639: 7638: 7636: 7632: 7629: 7625: 7622: 7618: 7615: 7611: 7610:Erasmus Prize 7607: 7602: 7599:The parallel 7598: 7595: 7591: 7588: 7585:The original 7584: 7583: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7570:The European 7569: 7568: 7560: 7559: 7554: 7553:David Starkey 7550: 7546: 7543: 7540: 7537: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7521: 7518: 7515: 7511: 7506: 7502: 7499: 7496: 7491: 7488: 7487: 7486: 7482: 7478: 7469: 7462: 7458: 7453: 7444: 7442: 7441: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7426: 7425:Concedo Nulli 7415: 7411: 7406: 7402: 7397: 7393: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7358: 7349: 7346: 7342: 7340: 7339: 7335: 7330: 7326: 7324: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7286: 7284: 7277: 7268: 7266: 7262: 7257: 7255: 7249: 7247: 7242: 7240: 7236: 7235:Quartan fever 7221: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7194: 7190: 7188: 7180: 7173: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7146: 7144: 7143: 7138: 7137: 7132: 7131: 7125: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7114:New Testament 7107: 7106: 7101: 7100: 7099: 7095: 7085: 7083: 7078: 7074: 7070: 7064: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7038: 7024: 7017: 7013: 7010: 7006: 7002: 7000: 6994: 6983: 6981: 6977: 6973: 6969: 6963: 6953: 6948: 6939: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6923: 6912: 6910: 6904: 6902: 6896: 6893: 6892:Lord's Prayer 6889: 6885: 6881: 6872: 6869: 6862: 6857: 6854: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6838: 6834: 6825: 6823: 6817: 6815: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6782: 6780: 6779:Pastoral Care 6776: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6760: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6729: 6727: 6720:Accommodation 6717: 6715: 6714:dulcification 6710: 6708: 6704: 6703:accommodation 6691: 6690:Anti-Barbieri 6684: 6679: 6676: 6669: 6662: 6657: 6655: 6651: 6646: 6644: 6643:Anti-Barbieri 6640: 6636: 6632: 6627: 6625: 6618: 6613: 6606: 6605: 6598: 6594: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6576:Lewis W Spitz 6572: 6564: 6555: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6529: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6507: 6502: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6487: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6443: 6441: 6431: 6422: 6420: 6414: 6412: 6408: 6400: 6397: 6394: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6372: 6371: 6368: 6356: 6350: 6339: 6335: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6310: 6309:Hyperaspistes 6304: 6299: 6291: 6290:Hyperaspistes 6285: 6283: 6276: 6273: 6272:Hyperaspistes 6268: 6266: 6265: 6259: 6257: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6222: 6216: 6199: 6195: 6193: 6192:accommodation 6187: 6183: 6178: 6176: 6171: 6167: 6166: 6158: 6156: 6155: 6149: 6145: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6130:Martin Luther 6128:Portraits of 6126: 6117: 6115: 6110: 6108: 6098: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6079: 6077: 6073: 6072:Saint Francis 6068: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6053: 6051: 6046: 6043: 6038: 6034: 6032: 6023: 6016: 6012: 6009: 6004: 6000: 5998: 5988: 5986: 5985: 5975: 5968: 5964: 5962: 5958: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5943: 5942:Protestantism 5940:, from which 5939: 5935: 5934:New Testament 5931: 5927: 5919: 5914: 5900: 5896: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5877: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5857: 5848: 5846: 5845: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5831: 5826: 5809: 5804: 5802: 5797: 5795: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5786: 5780: 5770: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5754: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5574: 5573: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5439:Chateaubriand 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5391: 5384: 5383: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5304:Gundissalinus 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5201: 5194: 5193: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5064: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5052: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5011: 5010:Scholasticism 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 5000:Ressourcement 4998: 4996: 4993: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4967: 4964: 4963: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4944: 4941: 4937: 4936:Compatibilism 4934: 4932: 4929: 4928: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4882:Conceptualism 4880: 4879: 4876: 4871: 4870: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4857:Virtue ethics 4855: 4853: 4850: 4846: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4794: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4751: 4750: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4725: 4717: 4708: 4706: 4702: 4697: 4695: 4690: 4687: 4683: 4678: 4676: 4672: 4667: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4652: 4648: 4647:Martin Luther 4644: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4629: 4619: 4610: 4608: 4603: 4601: 4595: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4571: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4531: 4526: 4524: 4519: 4517: 4513: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4484: 4477: 4473: 4471: 4466: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4447: 4443: 4441: 4437: 4436:New Testament 4433: 4432: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4409: 4405: 4403: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4363: 4358: 4354: 4349: 4346: 4342: 4337: 4335: 4331: 4329: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4313: 4305: 4295: 4292: 4287: 4277: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4223: 4219: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4196: 4195: 4190: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4175: 4174: 4173: 4166: 4162: 4159: 4155: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4117: 4111: 4102: 4100: 4090: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4071:Basel Minster 4067: 4065: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4033: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4008: 4007:Basel Minster 4003: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3987:incommunicado 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3948:Margaret Pole 3944: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3906:Pieter Gillis 3902: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3840: 3832: 3828: 3821: 3817: 3808: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3774: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3745: 3740: 3736: 3735:carbunculosis 3729: 3725: 3721: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3706: 3704: 3694: 3693:theologians. 3692: 3688: 3684: 3683:Jan de Bakker 3680: 3675: 3672: 3668: 3659: 3655: 3653: 3649: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3628: 3623: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3610:(rather than 3609: 3605: 3601: 3596: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3585:Johann Froben 3582: 3578: 3570: 3569:fr:Claude Luc 3566: 3561: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3486: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3434: 3432: 3427: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3385:New Testament 3381: 3379: 3375: 3374:vicar general 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3358:Pieter Gillis 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3308: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3248:Pieter Gillis 3245: 3239: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3218: 3216: 3211: 3205: 3203: 3195: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3173:In 1511, the 3171: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3154: 3153:Austin Friars 3150: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3110: 3108: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3053: 3051: 3046: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3016:Lorenzo Valla 3013: 3012: 3006: 3004: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2882: 2880: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2838: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2812: 2811:Lady of Veere 2808: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2792: 2791:Robert Gaguin 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2771:Robert Fisher 2768: 2764: 2760: 2753: 2752:French circle 2743: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2669:John Longland 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2620:Thomas Lupset 2617: 2616:Henry Bullock 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2579: 2569: 2567: 2566:Scholasticism 2563: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2543:Jan Standonck 2541: 2537: 2533: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2443: 2442: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2422: 2417: 2408: 2406: 2400: 2395: 2379: 2377: 2370: 2365: 2349: 2347: 2340: 2334: 2297: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2217: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2182: 2159: 2157: 2151: 2145: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2052: 2050: 2044: 2039: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1981: 1979: 1975: 1969: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1913: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1878: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1822:Stein, Gouda 1819: 1785: 1783: 1777: 1771: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1744: 1728: 1726: 1720: 1715: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1688: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1635: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1577: 1576: 1565: 1564:Life timeline 1328:Dispensations 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1229: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1209:Pieter Gillis 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1156: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1129: 1125: 1119: 1116: 1115:Canon Regular 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1070: 1068: 1067:Quartan fever 1064: 1060: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1008: 1006: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 983: 979: 977: 973: 968: 965: 963: 956: 953: 949: 943: 936: 932: 928: 924: 922: 918: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 886: 883: 882: 881: 873: 871: 867: 863: 859: 858:Martin Luther 855: 851: 847: 846: 841: 836: 834: 833: 828: 827: 822: 821: 816: 815: 810: 809: 804: 803: 798: 794: 790: 786: 785:New Testament 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 761: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 718: 710: 709: 692: 624: 615: 611: 608:25 April 1492 607: 603: 600: 597: 593: 590: 587: 583: 578: 574: 570: 566: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 489:Martin Luther 487: 485: 482: 481: 479: 475: 469: 468: 464: 462: 461:accommodation 459: 457: 453: 451: 448: 446: 445: 440: 438: 435: 434: 432: 430:Notable ideas 428: 422: 421: 417: 415: 414: 410: 408: 407: 403: 401: 400: 396: 394: 393: 389: 387: 386: 382: 380: 379: 375: 374: 372: 370:Notable works 368: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 323: 321: 317: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 297: 295: 291: 285: 282: 281: 279: 275: 272: 269: 265: 262:Academic work 260: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 215:Lorenzo Valla 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 197: 195: 191: 184: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 166: 164: 160: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 130:New Testament 128: 124: 120: 116: 111: 101: 97: 92: 88: 77: 73: 69: 65: 64: 58: 53: 46: 41: 38: 35: 29: 22: 27235:1460s births 27169:Peter Kreeft 27117:21st century 27108:Henri Nouwen 27018:Jean Guitton 26998:Fulton Sheen 26926:20th century 26827:Jaime Balmes 26785:19th century 26606:Luis de León 26545: 26487:Geert Groote 26474: 26291:Peter Damian 26130:John Cassian 26070:Nestorianism 25992: 25975: 25968: 25951: 25929:Early Church 25746:Neoplatonism 25668:Ressentiment 25663:Quinque viae 25628:Memento mori 25588:Double truth 25533:Actus primus 25391: 25299:Philosophers 25206:Cartesianism 24889: 24879: 24869: 24859: 24849: 24839: 24829: 24819: 24809: 24799: 24789: 24779: 24769: 24759: 24749: 24739: 24159:Guicciardini 24153: 24142:Early modern 23978:Philosophers 23952:Conservatism 23947:Confucianism 23935:Distributism 23868:Social norms 23856:Sittlichkeit 23842:Ressentiment 23788:Institutions 23766:Human nature 23600: 23419:Martin Lings 23372:Emil Brunner 23362:Paul Tillich 23352:Martin Buber 23267:W K Clifford 23244:Afrikan Spir 23159:Thomas Chubb 23111:Early modern 23091:Adi Shankara 23004:Philosophers 22988:Natural evil 22904: 22880:Spiritualism 22855:Perennialism 22808:Metaphysical 22652:Antireligion 22527:Teleological 22450:Cosmological 22401:Baháʼí Faith 22366:Christianity 22325:Personal god 22156: 22109:Luther and I 22108: 22100: 22092: 22084: 22076: 22068: 22060: 22052: 22044: 21995:Lutherstädte 21973:Luther sites 21929:Justus Jonas 21903: 21845: 21835:Antisemitism 21795:Two kingdoms 21787: 21780: 21743: 21730: 21670: 21662: 21631: 21621: 21613: 21605: 21591: 21583: 21575: 21567: 21559: 21551: 21543: 21535: 21527: 21519: 21511: 21508:(1522, 1534) 21505:Luther Bible 21503: 21495: 21487: 21479: 21471: 21463: 21455: 21435:Bibliography 21348: 21329: 21315: 21309:Translations 21287: 21279: 21273:Ciceronianus 21271: 21263: 21255: 21247: 21239: 21231: 21223: 21215: 21207: 21199: 21172: 21124:Christianity 21087: 21078: 21065: 21051:Melvyn Bragg 20951: 20941: 20929: 20906:Online books 20899: 20882:Online books 20872: 20820: 20816: 20804: 20794: 20781: 20767: 20760: 20751: 20745: 20727: 20720: 20713: 20706: 20699: 20690: 20681: 20672: 20665: 20658: 20651: 20644: 20637: 20627: 20608: 20591: 20580: 20558: 20549: 20540: 20524: 20520: 20513: 20489: 20475: 20453: 20430: 20422: 20404: 20396: 20378: 20351:. Retrieved 20331: 20327: 20317: 20309: 20308:John Twigg, 20304: 20295: 20286: 20277: 20268: 20254: 20242:. Retrieved 20220: 20211: 20202: 20193: 20184: 20175: 20166: 20157: 20148: 20139: 20131:First Things 20130: 20120: 20108:. Retrieved 20105:First Things 20104: 20095: 20083:. Retrieved 20078: 20069: 20057:. Retrieved 20053: 20043: 20034: 20022:. Retrieved 20018: 20009: 19999: 19992: 19980:. Retrieved 19973: 19964: 19923: 19919: 19894:. Retrieved 19887: 19866: 19860: 19851: 19828: 19807: 19794: 19769: 19760: 19751: 19726: 19723:Rheumatology 19722: 19716: 19691: 19687: 19677: 19642: 19638: 19628: 19601: 19595: 19578: 19574: 19567: 19526: 19522: 19512: 19479: 19475: 19465: 19440: 19436: 19426: 19413: 19380: 19376: 19366: 19354:. Retrieved 19345: 19335: 19327: 19321: 19316: 19299: 19293: 19268: 19264: 19258: 19231: 19225: 19213:. Retrieved 19180: 19176: 19166: 19158: 19153: 19141:. Retrieved 19139:(2): 367–390 19136: 19132: 19110: 19101: 19089:. Retrieved 19080: 19076: 19051:. 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Lily, 7061:Thomas More 7016:appeared." 6935:syllogistic 6931:dialectical 6882:, with the 6849:Enchiridion 6814:inverbation 6808:Inverbation 6786:Thomas More 6737:incarnation 6726:hermeneutic 6683:different." 6650:Enchiridion 6587:Scholastics 6548:Enchiridion 6454:(duality), 6407:Melanchthon 6380:(1523) see 6349:Epicureans. 6132:(left) and 6083:Franciscans 6076:Benedictine 5997:Enchiridion 5881:new edition 5494:Malebranche 5354:Roscellinus 5299:Grosseteste 5259:Bonaventure 5079:Athenagoras 4875:Metaphysics 4835:Personalism 4830:Natural law 4825:Probabilism 4682:Hellenistic 4673:during the 4639:anti-Judaic 4607:antisemitic 4567:Christendom 4379:Thomas More 4336:'s Greek.) 4158:John Fisher 3925:John Fisher 3921:Thomas More 3908:; in 1534, 3891:Clement VII 3870:from them. 3763:magnum opus 3652:Roman Curia 3641:Paraphrases 3631:Adnotations 3627:Annotations 3612:blackletter 3466:Thomas More 3362:Thomas More 3349:Thomas More 3252:Martin Dorp 3179:John Fisher 3037:) from the 2987:Clement VII 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Krop 911:Early life 738:theologian 477:Influenced 341:Patristics 220:John Colet 193:Influences 146:Charles V. 134:pacificism 32:See also: 26:See also: 27093:Hans Küng 26882:Léon Bloy 26872:Modernism 26725:Jansenism 26411:Mysticism 26005:Montanism 25736:Platonism 25710:Univocity 25608:Haecceity 25487:Ratzinger 25452:Montaigne 25432:MacIntyre 25387:Dionysius 25382:Descartes 25342:Augustine 25196:Salamanca 24991:Sociology 24941:Historism 24650:Santayana 24620:Oakeshott 24590:MacIntyre 24575:Kropotkin 24550:Heidegger 24403:centuries 24317:Nietzsche 24282:Jefferson 24267:Helvétius 24232:Condorcet 24195:centuries 24179:Montaigne 24002:Confucius 23992:Augustine 23909:Worldview 23803:Modernity 23776:Formation 23509:Loyal Rue 23234:Karl Marx 23056:Gaudapada 22885:Shamanism 22850:Pantheism 22835:Nontheism 22813:Religious 22798:Mysticism 22771:Christian 22761:Religious 22712:Atheistic 22707:Christian 22590:Nonbelief 22575:Free will 22391:Mormonism 22215:Afterlife 21865:(parents) 21782:Sola fide 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Wiley. 20348:1874-9275 20244:1 October 20110:1 October 20050:"Erasmus" 19982:9 January 19956:192267401 19940:0075-4390 19896:9 January 19816:2212-8956 19700:0315-162X 19543:0034-4338 19488:0007-5140 19449:0007-5140 19397:0026-9662 19346:issuu.com 19285:191473158 19197:1871-241X 18811:: 21–53. 18719:171963677 18664:0143-781X 18529:0013-2586 18412:0017-8322 18377:Erasmus, 18220:241298542 18039:25 August 17990:0022-5037 17935:: 44–52. 17765:11 August 17717:243905013 17652:182939353 17573:: 45–67. 17483:1523-5734 17369:See also 17015:162208956 16999:0009-6407 16944:170458328 16928:0009-6407 16602:241298542 16561:170334683 16520:cite book 16510:1 January 16425:: 50–70. 16396:164160751 16380:0034-4338 16228:200062225 16090:(3): 385. 15993:(1): 12. 15893:The Kabod 15608:Erasmus. 15583:143485311 15478:Erasmus, 15427:: 77–96. 15397:0333-9068 15391:: 85–93. 15310:0039-3495 15256:144925414 15167:163790714 15093:171005154 15042:171963677 14921:0032-2970 14831:166213471 14545:4 January 14467:0018-2176 14396:240920541 14315:240975375 14269:240975375 14125:0003-049X 13960:171933331 13916:8 January 13768:0043-0439 13702:31 August 13692:166057335 13676:0361-0160 13292:0028-2030 13032:7 January 12853:1513-1542 12809:239956783 12659:"Erasmus" 12645:248601520 12585:0013-8266 12521:0047-8105 12478:0009-8353 12385:0018-2648 12248:240246657 12240:1874-9275 11991:165911603 11971:Quaerendo 11624:0044-8745 11591:5 January 11561:163219853 11299:0027-4631 11252:0363-3276 10987:0006-1999 10883:203519815 10626:Galatians 10566:171469828 10436:171463846 10337:analogous 10293:ad-fontes 10205:11 August 10170:171469828 10080:0022-5037 9896:Epicurean 9892:Aristotle 9527:reformers 9477:0081-8658 9365:scelerato 9348:conversos 9332:conversos 9294:0007-5140 9259:(3): 377. 9228:pp. 97,98 9181:Charles V 9146:0066-6785 9045:198585078 8919:conversos 8907:conversos 8840:Erasmus, 8770:leitmotiv 8707:0028-4289 8647:(1): 30. 8409:Andrelini 8379:"Erasmus" 8338:Sepúlveda 8299:10443/596 8249:0004-8003 8097:Quaerendo 7918:Victorine 7912:Augustine 7692:Cambridge 7614:Knowledge 7565:Name used 7549:Ken Bones 7525:In 1622, 7505:engraving 7463:, Germany 7461:Nuremberg 7421:He chose 7378:carnelian 7289:St Jerome 7021:Erasmus, 6764:chameleon 6688:Erasmus, 6666:Erasmus, 6583:Aristotle 6544:Symposium 6495:Cartesian 6480:Isocratic 6472:Epicurean 6468:adiaphora 6452:Platonist 6446:Classical 6282:Assertion 6256:monergism 6252:synergism 6170:purpose. 6107:95 Theses 5972:Erasmus, 5865:Eucharist 5837:(writing 5694:MacIntyre 5654:Gutiérrez 5624:Copleston 5594:Balthasar 5449:Descartes 5309:Hildegard 5294:Gregory I 5269:Catherine 5219:Alexander 5169:Dionysius 5089:Augustine 5042:Salamanca 4916:Haecceity 4820:Casuistry 4561:Outsiders 4551:Donatists 4547:Augustine 4521:Erasmus' 4481:Erasmus, 4455:ecumenism 4431:adiaphora 4320:included 4242:Irenicism 4194:conversos 4057:Lieve God 4037:dysentery 3983:Edward VI 3923:, Bishop 3901:retired. 3899:Campeggio 3674:matter). 3591:(Eramus' 3536:Opponents 3426:'s will. 3397:Charles V 3364:'s wrote 3307:Charles V 3281:Opponents 3215:Jan Łaski 3024:philology 2983:Adrian VI 2970:Sepúlveda 2962:Opponents 2925:Bombasius 2843:panegyric 2797:Opponents 2712:than the 2337:Konstanz 1747:Deventer 1318:Ordained? 1249:In 1505, 1217:Jan Łaski 917:Rotterdam 866:monergism 854:synergism 444:ad fontes 441:Biblical 331:Philology 162:Education 87:Rotterdam 26625:Molinism 26203:Ecthesis 26155:Boethius 26060:Arianism 26050:Eusebius 26000:Irenaeus 25964:Polycarp 25878:Timeline 25698:Irenaean 25688:Theodicy 25658:Quiddity 25521:Concepts 25447:Maritain 25417:Krasicki 25407:Gassendi 25397:Eriugena 25352:Boethius 25327:Anscombe 25317:Albertus 25211:Molinism 25178:Occamism 25150:Medieval 25077:Just war 25004:Category 24916:Axiology 24904:See also 24695:Voegelin 24685:Spengler 24660:Shariati 24615:Nussbaum 24600:Maritain 24560:Irigaray 24540:Habermas 24505:Foucault 24490:Durkheim 24392:Voltaire 24357:de Staël 24332:Rousseau 24257:Franklin 24118:Muhammad 24103:Gelasius 24088:Avempace 24071:Medieval 24047:Polybius 24042:Plutarch 23808:Morality 23783:Ideology 23771:Identity 23680:Concepts 23631:Category 23576:Religion 23566:Exegesis 23051:Boethius 23046:Averroes 23041:Avicenna 23023:medieval 22993:Theodicy 22840:Pandeism 22756:Humanism 22724:Thealogy 22667:Dharmism 22637:Acosmism 22629:Theology 22497:Morality 22492:Miracles 22371:Hinduism 22361:Buddhism 22320:Pandeism 22295:Demiurge 22263:Theodicy 21800:Beerwolf 21689:" (1543) 21682:" (1529) 21382:Category 21036:LibriVox 20539:(1897). 20487:(1994). 20473:(1894). 20451:(1899). 20185:ejpe.org 20085:25 April 19743:12923286 19559:11620600 19496:44443063 19457:44447526 19419:New York 19405:27900019 19350:Archived 19209:Archived 19205:26382868 19143:23 March 19091:25 April 19085:Archived 19053:23 April 19047:Archived 19013:Archived 18786:Archived 18676:Archived 18672:44797141 18134:5 August 18125:Archived 18033:Archived 18002:Archived 17909:21 April 17903:Archived 17842:Archived 17813:Archived 17759:Archived 17680:8 August 17513:Archived 17493:6 August 17487:Archived 17210:30 April 17204:Archived 17058:Archived 17019:Archived 16804:Archived 16730:Archived 16699:Archived 16504:Archived 16400:Archived 16300:Archived 16252:Archived 16232:Archived 16178:Archived 16117:27 April 16111:Archived 16003:Archived 15999:24329313 15937:Archived 15855:4 August 15815:Archived 15811:23654400 15764:Archived 15618:Archived 15587:Archived 15533:Archived 15502:Archived 15405:23529114 15322:Archived 15318:30094064 15046:Archived 14933:Archived 14929:25776600 14882:Archived 14738:30 April 14732:Archived 14660:Archived 14656:JHI Blog 14630:Archived 14539:Archived 14479:Archived 14216:Archived 14193:Archived 14079:Archived 14045:Archived 13910:Archived 13842:Archived 13776:24530877 13728:30 April 13722:Archived 13696:Archived 13535:4 August 13438:(2): 5. 13402:Archived 13304:Archived 13300:24009249 13212:Archived 13187:33487740 13114:Archived 13057:Archived 13026:Archived 12992:Archived 12963:Archived 12959:St.Pauls 12908:Archived 12876:(1911). 12673:22 April 12667:Archived 12597:Archived 12439:Archived 12397:Archived 12393:24413851 12258:9 August 12252:Archived 12188:Archived 12089:Archived 12085:ccel.org 12034:Archived 11862:Archived 11832:Archived 11778:7 August 11772:Archived 11632:48564991 11585:Archived 11444:Archived 11396:Archived 11341:Archived 11311:Archived 11260:40256471 11194:Archived 11039:Archived 10999:Archived 10995:20675524 10807:: 1–38. 10754:Archived 10736:Archived 10711:Archived 10371:Archived 10333:exegesis 10329:allegory 10196:Archived 10092:Archived 10028:Petrarch 9901:ataraxia 9811:Archived 9767:Archived 9696:Aleander 9489:Archived 9336:Judaizer 9314:Archived 9302:44447526 9158:Archived 9154:23563707 8983:Archived 8915:converso 8885:Archived 8883:. AICE. 8854:op. cit. 8818:31540853 8758:(1972) 8715:43250928 8387:Archived 8363:guilders 8257:44992025 8126:Archived 8082:Epistles 7869:(2003). 7807:Archived 7782:Painter 7751:was his 7711:Brooklyn 7623:in 1988. 7616:in 2015. 7594:Erasmus+ 7510:encomium 7401:Terminus 7386:Dionysus 7366:Terminus 7338:cacullae 7323:sarotium 7271:Clothing 7261:syphilis 7224:Personal 7196:— 7175:— 7069:De copia 7019:— 6985:— 6955:— 6890:and the 6864:— 6749:John 1:1 6686:— 6664:— 6600:— 6574:— 6531:— 6518:apatheia 6509:— 6476:ataraxia 6352:— 6311:, Book I 6306:— 6287:— 6267:(1525). 6228:campaign 6201:— 6018:— 5970:— 5709:Maritain 5684:Lonergan 5664:Guardini 5589:Anscombe 5564:Caramuel 5474:Krasicki 5469:Kołłątaj 5424:Brentano 5284:Eriugena 5249:Berengar 5197:Medieval 5149:Climacus 5129:Irenaeus 5099:Boethius 5094:Benedict 5037:Analytic 5005:Occamism 4995:Molinism 4973:Llullism 4902:Quiddity 4810:Just war 4738:a series 4736:Part of 4641:but not 4533:— 4479:— 4426:Sceptics 4395:Guelders 4279:— 4276:enemies. 4234:Pacifist 4225:— 4204:Pacifism 4116:pastoral 3852:Cisneros 3844:converso 3691:Sorbonne 3416:Cisneros 3323:en route 3319:literary 3224:) and a 3168:De copia 3011:en route 2995:James IV 2993:, King 2991:Paul III 2977:: Popes 2913:Aleander 2873:, Paris. 2845:for the 2520:Freiburg 2190:Bologna 2005:Orléans 2000:Louvain 1921:Cambrai 1886:St Omer 1774:Woerden 1695:Reading 1419:Freiburg 1298:Orphaned 1235:ordained 1081:Bust by 987:Deventer 904:Freiburg 795:and the 746:satirist 605:Ordained 585:Religion 243:Socrates 66:(1523), 26546:Erasmus 26396:Thomism 26135:Orosius 26110:Ambrose 26025:Cyprian 25953:Didache 25907:Vulgate 25866:General 25724:Related 25512:Wojtyła 25492:Scheler 25437:Maistre 25427:Lombard 25412:Isidore 25392:Erasmus 25372:Clement 25337:Aquinas 25307:Abelard 25173:Scotism 25168:Thomism 25142:Schools 24745:(44 BC) 24675:Sombart 24670:Skinner 24655:Scruton 24635:Polanyi 24610:Niebuhr 24595:Marcuse 24530:Gramsci 24525:Gentile 24485:Du Bois 24475:Deleuze 24445:Benoist 24415:Agamben 24372:Thoreau 24362:Stirner 24352:Spencer 24302:Le Play 24252:Fourier 24237:Emerson 24222:Carlyle 24207:Bentham 24184:Müntzer 24154:Erasmus 24128:Plethon 24123:Photios 24083:Aquinas 24017:Mencius 23985:Ancient 23918:Schools 23798:Loyalty 23756:History 23744:Counter 23739:Culture 23707:Customs 23602:more... 23335:postwar 23018:Ancient 22906:more... 22825:New Age 22766:Secular 22736:Fideism 22687:Dualism 22657:Atheism 22647:Animism 22553:Against 22396:Sikhism 22386:Judaism 22381:Jainism 22290:Brahman 22243:Miracle 22145:Related 22137:, Worms 21904:Erasmus 21098:Portals 21008:in the 20998:in the 20971:at the 20873:Erasmus 20845:1262226 20744:(1937) 20559:Erasmus 20541:Erasmus 20353:19 July 20059:7 March 19829:Kostuum 19708:3550075 19669:1877862 19660:1004472 19551:2860126 19504:6365217 19356:17 July 18973:2 March 18792:3 March 18682:3 March 18594:4173446 18559:Moreana 18537:3031577 18152:”, in: 18097:26 July 17998:2707442 17878:19 July 17874:(5): 48 17371:Erasmus 17173:Moreana 17064:21 June 17007:3162926 16936:3163951 16463:. 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