3628:
27:
420:
207:
3569:
3563:
57:
3627:
71:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
39:
3713:
2968:
3728:
3708:
74:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
3753:
3733:
3612:
2130:
453:
1091:
3723:
3793:
3778:
3763:
3669:
3511:
726:
734:
3813:
3086:
2092:
505:
2683:
2281:
1869:
3475:
3773:
3698:
3605:
1421:
2286:
3808:
3718:
3369:
3050:
2872:
2762:
2531:
1120:
1069:
248:
explorer, radio operator, and doctor of geographical sciences (1938). He is best known as one of the four members of the
3803:
3748:
2820:
2401:
2340:
82:
2843:
95:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
3703:
3743:
2921:
314:
Heroes of the Ice: The Polar
Explorer and the Ice Hockey Player as Two Masculine Identity Scripts of the Soviet Era
340:
Positive Heroes at the Pole: Celebrity Status, Socialist-Realist Ideals and the Soviet Myth of the Arctic, 1932-39
3783:
3598:
3152:
3138:
3112:
2949:
920:
446:
1843:
389: — электронные копии книги Э. Т. Кренкеля RAEM — мои позывные и воспоминаний о нём на сайте
2975:
2945:
1288:
1278:
862:
564:
2586:
3798:
3768:
3738:
2748:
2258:
1391:
230:
143:
3662:
2657:
2543:
2386:
1432:
893:
661:
3105:
2727:
2561:
2502:
2456:
685:
574:
302:
Ernst
Krenkel. (1978). RAEM is my call-sign. — Moscow: Progress Publishers. (English edition of memoirs.)
3788:
3758:
3465:
2190:
2164:
2157:
1608:
1509:
1501:
1484:
1102:
648:
500:
439:
1897:
3288:
2898:
2594:
2393:
2178:
2060:
1863:
1745:
1596:
1445:
1383:
1370:
1243:
969:
621:
3635:
3438:
3029:
3023:
2941:
2815:
2600:
2326:
2202:
2052:
1940:
1724:
253:
198:
90:
740:
370:
3655:
3505:
3168:
2321:
2195:
2115:
1624:
1451:
653:
386:
325:
To storm the Arctic: Soviet polar exploration and public visions of nature in the USSR, 1932-1939
3443:
3009:
941:
2276:
3448:
3417:
3222:
3175:
3074:
2878:
2797:
2740:
2489:
2483:
2333:
2291:
2253:
2233:
1828:
1603:
1439:
1349:
1331:
1248:
1219:
1209:
1097:
1034:
808:
111:
1489:
3693:
3688:
3302:
3294:
3237:
2825:
2689:
2615:
2607:
2407:
2347:
2306:
1919:
1910:
1781:
1776:
1680:
1544:
1301:
1263:
870:
640:
608:
552:
532:
2670:
1075:
1058:
8:
3423:
3345:
2810:
2733:
2649:
2430:
2422:
2371:
2011:
1969:
1464:
1427:
1316:
1080:
950:
753:
558:
425:
1063:
3643:
3586:
3144:
3036:
3017:
2581:
2556:
2098:
1992:
1956:
1932:
1823:
1670:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1537:
1515:
1494:
1375:
1365:
1112:
1000:
928:
601:
592:
584:
495:
475:
104:
3516:
3322:
3316:
3272:
3257:
3186:
3158:
3066:
3003:
2913:
2885:
2865:
2803:
2711:
2675:
2549:
2516:
2509:
2462:
2444:
2361:
2110:
1979:
1927:
1833:
1786:
1714:
1703:
1415:
1405:
1397:
1293:
1283:
1194:
1189:
1172:
1138:
1005:
992:
813:
719:
677:
672:
462:
86:
3533:
3265:
2957:
2837:
2663:
2636:
2576:
2451:
2381:
2366:
2105:
2034:
2029:
2003:
1998:
1880:
1803:
1756:
1523:
1343:
1308:
1204:
1199:
1133:
1047:
829:
821:
707:
627:
579:
569:
542:
222:
3523:
3470:
3455:
3361:
3356:
3280:
3245:
3181:
3080:
2995:
2962:
2694:
2477:
2469:
2438:
2354:
2314:
2068:
2024:
1964:
1888:
1858:
1853:
1813:
1791:
1739:
1675:
1665:
1616:
1338:
1323:
1176:
1145:
1107:
857:
785:
779:
702:
667:
527:
2046:
3639:
3582:
3497:
3480:
3433:
3392:
3382:
3351:
3210:
3200:
3092:
3042:
2907:
2857:
2830:
2775:
2571:
2566:
2415:
2268:
2122:
2084:
2041:
1974:
1948:
1902:
1875:
1848:
1818:
1761:
1719:
1709:
1589:
1582:
1479:
1459:
1271:
1231:
1162:
958:
933:
888:
852:
846:
838:
798:
793:
767:
747:
515:
153:
397:
3682:
3460:
3402:
3397:
3387:
3337:
3332:
3308:
3252:
3129:
3123:
3118:
2717:
2628:
2621:
2376:
2171:
2150:
2018:
1796:
1766:
1734:
1729:
1566:
1472:
1355:
1150:
963:
913:
906:
803:
712:
547:
257:
3491:
3485:
3097:
3061:
2927:
2754:
2704:
2643:
2497:
2185:
2136:
1986:
1808:
1771:
1751:
1692:
1226:
1214:
1157:
1085:
986:
883:
877:
774:
762:
635:
613:
537:
490:
249:
242:
179:
175:
313:
234:
149:
3528:
3428:
3376:
3194:
2981:
2769:
2144:
2076:
1838:
1697:
1660:
1560:
1552:
1360:
696:
3327:
3230:
3214:
3056:
2989:
2890:
2299:
2248:
2208:
1530:
1256:
1184:
1126:
519:
487:
324:
93:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
2849:
1686:
1238:
1021:
260:
206:
431:
3714:
First convocation members of the
Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
2781:
288:
273:
3562:
3408:
2788:
1053:
1029:
1017:
339:
3568:
1575:
68:
3578:
1654:
979:
390:
245:
238:
171:
1040:
16:
Soviet arctic explorer, government official, and journalist
2245:
316:. In J. Herzberg, A. Renner, & I. Schierle (Eds.),
289:
Ice Floe of Polar
Scientists No Longer Is Northernmost
415:
64:
60:
a machine-translated version of the
Russian article.
3729:
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
318:
The
Russian Cold: Histories of Ice, Frost, and Snow
274:
Four
Russians at North Pole Get Together Once a Day
210:E. Krenkel as Polar radio operator on the cover of
252:expedition, for which he was awarded the title of
3680:
398:"Soviet Explorers survive blizzard at Noth Pole"
320:(1st ed., Vol. 22, pp. 226–248). Berghahn Books.
89:accompanying your translation by providing an
51:Click for important translation instructions.
38:expand this article with text translated from
3663:
3606:
447:
101:{{Translated|ru|Кренкель, Эрнст Теодорович}}
3709:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
3670:
3656:
3613:
3599:
454:
440:
3512:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
205:
3754:Russian people of Baltic German descent
3734:Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
3087:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
3681:
2231:
473:
461:
435:
3622:
3556:
20:
2873:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1070:Norse colonization of North America
13:
2402:United States Exploring Expedition
14:
3825:
3476:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
2844:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
380:
3724:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
3626:
3567:
3561:
3370:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
2763:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
418:
373:— Moscow: Советская Россия, 1973
25:
3794:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
3779:Soviet people of German descent
3764:20th-century Russian memoirists
306:
266:
3814:Hero of the Soviet Union stubs
361:
233:11 December] 1903 in
99:You may also add the template
1:
2749:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
2684:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
2232:
354:
3642:. You can help Knowledge by
3585:. You can help Knowledge by
3106:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
2922:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
2728:French Antarctic Expeditions
2658:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
2544:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
662:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
263:: EU2EQ, U3AA, UA3AA, RAEM.
7:
3774:Russian radio personalities
3699:20th-century Russian people
2191:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
1870:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
735:Andrée's balloon expedition
227:Эрнст Теодо́рович Кре́нкель
10:
3830:
3809:Mass media in Russia stubs
3719:Heroes of the Soviet Union
3621:
3555:
1392:Franklin's lost expedition
1092:Christian IV's expeditions
474:
146:11 December] 1903
63:Machine translation, like
3804:European journalist stubs
3749:Radio in the Soviet Union
3209:
2940:
2527:
2267:
2244:
2240:
2227:
1746:Great Northern Expedition
1640:
1422:Rae–Richardson expedition
1171:
1016:
622:British Arctic Expedition
514:
486:
482:
469:
387:Эрнст Теодорович Кренкель
226:
219:Ernst Teodorovich Krenkel
194:
186:
160:
139:Ernst Teodorovich Krenkel
134:
127:
40:the corresponding article
3636:Hero of the Soviet Union
3030:British Antarctic Survey
3024:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2269:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
254:Hero of the Soviet Union
229:; 24 December [
199:Hero of the Soviet Union
3744:Explorers of the Arctic
3506:Pole of inaccessibility
3169:Antarctic Treaty System
1510:2nd Grinnell expedition
293:The Science News-Letter
287:Ernst Krenkel. (1937).
278:The Science News-Letter
272:Ernst Krenkel. (1937).
110:For more guidance, see
3784:Soviet polar explorers
215:
142:24 December [
3704:People from Białystok
3577:This article about a
3176:Transglobe Expedition
3075:Operation Deep Freeze
2484:Challenger expedition
1350:Coppermine expedition
871:Drifting ice stations
338:McCannon, J. (1997).
323:McCannon, J. (1995).
237:– 8 December 1971 in
209:
112:Knowledge:Translation
83:copyright attribution
3799:Russian writer stubs
3769:Russian philatelists
3739:Amateur radio people
371:RAEM — мои позывные.
312:Ananyev, A. (2021).
190:Geographer, explorer
3346:South magnetic pole
2012:Brusilov expedition
1121:Danish colonization
559:North magnetic pole
426:Soviet Union portal
3634:This biographical
3037:Operation Windmill
3018:Operation Highjump
1993:Rusanov expedition
1898:A. E. Nordenskiöld
1642:North East Passage
1446:McClure expedition
344:The Russian Review
216:
91:interlanguage link
3789:Soviet memoirists
3759:Russian explorers
3651:
3650:
3594:
3593:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3004:Operation Tabarin
2866:Far Eastern Party
2712:Nimrod Expedition
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
1782:M. Pronchishcheva
1704:Siberian Cossacks
1173:Northwest Passage
506:Research stations
463:Polar exploration
204:
203:
123:
122:
52:
48:
3821:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3630:
3623:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3581:journalist is a
3573:
3572:
3571:
3565:
3557:
3051:Ronne Expedition
2536:
2530:
2394:Dumont d'Urville
2242:
2241:
2229:
2228:
1777:V. Pronchishchev
484:
483:
471:
470:
456:
449:
442:
433:
432:
428:
423:
422:
421:
412:
411:
409:
374:
365:
228:
167:
125:
124:
102:
96:
69:Google Translate
50:
46:
29:
28:
21:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3620:
3619:
3566:
3560:
3553:
3551:
3538:
3213:
3205:
3081:McMurdo Station
2950:Modern research
2948:
2936:
2671:O. Nordenskjöld
2534:
2528:
2523:
2439:Ross expedition
2263:
2236:
2215:
1644:
1636:
1177:Northern Canada
1175:
1167:
1020:
1012:
518:
510:
478:
465:
460:
424:
419:
417:
407:
405:
396:
383:
378:
377:
366:
362:
357:
309:
299:(872), 407–408.
284:(865), 300–300.
269:
182:
169:
165:
164:8 December 1971
156:
147:
141:
140:
130:
119:
118:
117:
100:
94:
53:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3827:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3675:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3631:
3618:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3574:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3498:Vostok Station
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3449:Cherry-Garrard
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3289:Southern Cross
3285:
3284:
3283:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3219:
3217:
3211:Farthest South
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3172:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3126:
3121:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3083:
3078:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3033:
3026:
3021:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2972:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2908:Ross Sea party
2904:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2869:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2773:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2708:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2692:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2602:Southern Cross
2595:Southern Cross
2591:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2539:
2537:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2460:
2454:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2341:Bellingshausen
2331:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2238:
2237:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2200:
2188:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1650:
1648:
1646:Russian Arctic
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1462:
1457:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1088:
1083:
1081:Snæbjörn galti
1078:
1073:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
983:
976:
966:
961:
956:
948:
938:
937:
936:
931:
917:
910:
903:
902:
901:
896:
891:
886:
874:
867:
866:
865:
860:
855:
843:
842:
841:
827:
818:
817:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
782:
777:
772:
771:
770:
765:
750:
745:
744:
743:
731:
730:
729:
717:
716:
715:
710:
705:
700:
682:
681:
680:
675:
670:
658:
657:
656:
651:
646:
638:
633:
618:
617:
616:
611:
606:
589:
588:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
524:
522:
516:Farthest North
512:
511:
509:
508:
503:
498:
493:
480:
479:
467:
466:
459:
458:
451:
444:
436:
430:
429:
414:
413:
393:
382:
381:External links
379:
376:
375:
368:Кренкель Э. Т.
359:
358:
356:
353:
352:
351:
336:
321:
308:
305:
304:
303:
300:
285:
268:
265:
214:magazine. 1937
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
170:
168:(aged 67)
162:
158:
157:
154:Russian Empire
148:
138:
136:
132:
131:
128:
121:
120:
116:
115:
108:
97:
75:
72:
61:
54:
35:
34:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3826:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3673:
3668:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3654:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3638:article is a
3637:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3616:
3611:
3609:
3604:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2629:Discovery Hut
2627:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2526:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:A. Sibiryakov
2156:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2131:Glavsevmorput
2128:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1433:J. Richardson
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1195:M. Corte-Real
1193:
1191:
1190:G. Corte-Real
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:C. Richardson
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
995:
991:
990:
989:
988:
984:
982:
981:
977:
975:
974:
973:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
954:
949:
947:
946:
945:
939:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
925:
924:
923:
922:Georgiy Sedov
918:
916:
915:
911:
909:
908:
904:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
880:
879:
875:
873:
872:
868:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
849:
848:
844:
840:
837:
836:
835:
834:
833:
828:
826:
825:
824:
819:
815:
812:
810:
809:Riiser-Larsen
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
790:
789:
788:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
759:
758:
757:
751:
749:
746:
742:
739:
738:
737:
736:
732:
728:
725:
724:
723:
722:
718:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
698:
694:
693:
692:
691:
689:
683:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
665:
664:
663:
659:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
644:
639:
637:
634:
632:
631:
626:
625:
624:
623:
619:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
604:
600:
599:
598:
597:
595:
590:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
561:
560:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
523:
521:
517:
513:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
485:
481:
477:
472:
468:
464:
457:
452:
450:
445:
443:
438:
437:
434:
427:
416:
403:
402:British Pathé
399:
394:
392:
391:«VIVOS VOCO!»
388:
385:
384:
372:
369:
364:
360:
350:(3), 346–365.
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
319:
315:
311:
310:
301:
298:
294:
290:
286:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:
264:
262:
259:
258:Amateur radio
255:
251:
247:
244:
240:
236:
232:
224:
220:
213:
208:
200:
197:
193:
189:
187:Occupation(s)
185:
181:
177:
173:
163:
159:
155:
151:
145:
137:
133:
129:Ernst Krenkel
126:
113:
109:
106:
98:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
70:
66:
62:
59:
56:
55:
49:
43:
41:
36:You can help
32:
23:
22:
19:
3644:expanding it
3633:
3587:expanding it
3576:
3552:
3504:
3492:Pole of Cold
3490:
3416:
3407:
3375:
3368:
3344:
3315:
3301:
3295:Borchgrevink
3287:
3274:
3259:
3239:
3224:
3193:
3174:
3167:
3151:
3137:
3128:
3111:
3104:
3085:
3073:
3049:
3035:
3028:
3016:
3002:
2988:
2974:
2967:
2928:
2920:
2906:
2899:
2897:
2879:
2871:
2864:
2851:
2842:
2804:
2796:
2787:
2780:
2768:
2761:
2747:
2735:Pourquoi-Pas
2734:
2726:
2718:
2710:
2705:Orcadas Base
2703:
2695:
2682:
2676:C. A. Larsen
2664:
2656:
2642:
2635:
2622:
2614:
2608:Borchgrevink
2601:
2593:
2550:
2542:
2517:C. A. Larsen
2510:
2491:
2482:
2464:
2446:
2437:
2424:
2409:
2400:
2387:
2348:
2334:
2327:
2308:
2293:
2203:
2196:
2179:
2172:
2158:
2143:
2129:
2116:
2091:
2077:
2075:
2061:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2017:
2010:
1991:
1957:
1955:
1941:
1939:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1889:
1887:
1868:
1744:
1702:
1685:
1653:
1617:
1615:
1595:
1594:
1574:
1573:
1559:
1546:
1531:
1517:
1508:
1495:
1466:
1454:Investigator
1453:
1444:
1420:
1407:
1399:
1390:
1377:
1348:
1325:
1310:
1295:
1265:
1250:
1220:
1139:
1119:
1090:
1086:Erik the Red
1068:
1046:
1039:
996:submersibles
993:
987:Arktika 2007
985:
978:
971:
968:
952:
943:
940:
921:
919:
912:
905:
898:
876:
869:
845:
831:
830:
822:
820:
786:
784:
755:
752:
741:S. A. Andrée
733:
720:
695:
687:
684:
660:
642:
629:
620:
602:
593:
591:
557:
406:, retrieved
401:
367:
363:
347:
343:
332:
328:
317:
307:Bibliography
296:
292:
281:
277:
267:Publications
250:North Pole-1
218:
217:
211:
180:Soviet Union
176:Russian SFSR
166:(1971-12-08)
87:edit summary
78:
45:
37:
18:
3694:1971 deaths
3689:1903 births
3195:Lake Vostok
3145:Tryoshnikov
3067:Schlossbach
2958:Christensen
2900:James Caird
2821:E. R. Evans
2587:Dobrowolski
2557:de Gerlache
2259:Expeditions
2145:Aviaarktika
2099:Samoylovich
1970:Kolomeitsev
1864:Middendorff
1824:Gedenshtrom
1244:I. Fyodorov
1006:Chilingarov
894:E. Fyodorov
501:Expeditions
335:(1), 15–31.
47:(June 2011)
3683:Categories
3418:Terra Nova
3323:Shackleton
3266:J. C. Ross
3225:Resolution
3215:South Pole
2990:New Swabia
2914:Mackintosh
2886:Shackleton
2805:Terra Nova
2798:Terra Nova
2532:Heroic Age
2492:Challenger
2452:J. C. Ross
2362:Bransfield
2294:Resolution
2209:icebreaker
2173:Chelyuskin
1914:expedition
1892:Expedition
1834:Matyushkin
1792:Kh. Laptev
1787:Chelyuskin
1681:Heemskerck
1671:Chancellor
1666:Willoughby
1661:Koch boats
1604:Stefansson
1538:McClintock
1502:Inglefield
1344:J. C. Ross
1251:Resolution
1103:Cunningham
1001:Sagalevich
690:expedition
649:Stephenson
609:C. F. Hall
596:expedition
570:J. C. Ross
533:Heemskerck
520:North Pole
355:References
212:Radiofront
42:in Russian
3517:Tolstikov
3303:Discovery
3273:HMS
3258:HMS
3240:Adventure
3238:HMS
3223:HMS
3159:Tolstikov
2880:Endurance
2665:Antarctic
2650:Drygalski
2623:Discovery
2616:Discovery
2577:Arctowski
2490:HMS
2463:HMS
2457:Abernethy
2445:HMS
2423:USS
2410:Vincennes
2408:USS
2388:Astrolabe
2328:San Telmo
2309:Adventure
2307:HMS
2292:HMS
2287:Kerguelen
2249:Continent
2234:Antarctic
2111:Urvantsev
2069:Vilkitsky
1922:Jeannette
1920:USS
1912:Jeannette
1876:Weyprecht
1854:Pakhtusov
1804:Chichagov
1797:D. Laptev
1740:Permyakov
1715:Stadukhin
1710:Perfilyev
1687:Mangazeya
1625:H. Larsen
1590:Rasmussen
1545:HMS
1516:USS
1465:HMS
1452:HMS
1416:Collinson
1406:HMS
1398:HMS
1376:HMS
1324:HMS
1309:HMS
1294:HMS
1279:Mackenzie
1266:Discovery
1264:HMS
1249:HMS
1221:Discovery
1200:Frobisher
1163:Rasmussen
1076:Gunnbjörn
1022:Greenland
951:USS
942:USS
814:Ellsworth
756:Roosevelt
686:Nansen's
643:Discovery
641:HMS
628:HMS
575:Abernethy
543:Marmaduke
408:9 January
261:callsigns
256:in 1938.
235:Białystok
105:talk page
3529:A. Fuchs
3486:V. Fuchs
3466:McKinley
3429:E. Evans
3388:Bjaaland
3383:Amundsen
3333:Marshall
3246:Furneaux
3098:V. Fuchs
3062:E. Ronne
3057:F. Ronne
2996:Ritscher
2850:SY
2838:Filchner
2782:Framheim
2776:Amundsen
2582:Racoviță
2567:Amundsen
2562:Lecointe
2431:Ringgold
2425:Porpoise
2315:Furneaux
2151:Shevelev
2106:Begichev
2085:Amundsen
2047:Nagórski
2025:Brusilov
2019:Sv. Anna
1933:Melville
1903:Palander
1859:Tsivolko
1819:Sannikov
1814:Billings
1757:Chirikov
1676:Barentsz
1618:St. Roch
1609:Bartlett
1583:Amundsen
1567:Sverdrup
1467:Resolute
1356:Franklin
1284:Kotzebue
1151:Sverdrup
1134:Scoresby
1108:Lindenov
959:Plaisted
944:Nautilus
889:Shirshov
863:Belyakov
858:Baydukov
832:Nautilus
794:Amundsen
754:SS
713:Sverdrup
708:Johansen
678:Brainard
673:Lockwood
528:Barentsz
241:) was a
150:Belostok
81:provide
3579:Russian
3534:Messner
3481:Hillary
3461:Balchen
3409:Polheim
3403:Wisting
3281:Crozier
3253:Weddell
3231:J. Cook
3201:Kapitsa
3182:Fiennes
3124:Klenova
3093:Hillary
3043:Ketchum
2969:BANZARE
2944:·
2789:Polheim
2755:Shirase
2741:Charcot
2551:Belgica
2470:Crozier
2382:Morrell
2377:Weddell
2355:Lazarev
2300:J. Cook
2254:History
2204:Arktika
2180:Krassin
2165:Voronin
2137:Schmidt
2123:Ushakov
2062:Vaygach
2030:Albanov
1999:Rusanov
1980:Kolchak
1975:Matisen
1949:Makarov
1928:De Long
1829:Wrangel
1809:Lyakhov
1762:Malygin
1720:Dezhnev
1547:Pandora
1518:Advance
1485:Kennedy
1480:Belcher
1473:Kellett
1460:McClure
1384:Beechey
1378:Blossom
1371:Simpson
1339:Crozier
1332:Hoppner
1289:J. Ross
1257:J. Cook
1205:Gilbert
1098:J. Hall
1064:Ingólfr
1054:Naddodd
1048:Vikings
1035:Brendan
1030:Pytheas
1018:Iceland
972:Arktika
964:Herbert
929:Badygin
899:Krenkel
884:Papanin
853:Chkalov
839:Wilkins
804:Wisting
748:F. Cook
654:Markham
614:Bessels
603:Polaris
594:Polaris
565:J. Ross
548:Carolus
496:History
395:Video:
329:Ecumene
223:Russian
103:to the
85:in the
44:.
3444:Bowers
3439:Wilson
3398:Hassel
3393:Helmer
3362:Mackay
3352:Mawson
3317:Nimrod
3275:Terror
3260:Erebus
3187:Burton
2982:Rymill
2858:Mawson
2852:Aurora
2831:Lashly
2816:Wilson
2719:Nimrod
2696:Scotia
2503:Murray
2478:Cooper
2465:Terror
2447:Erebus
2416:Wilkes
2367:Palmer
2335:Vostok
2282:Bouvet
2206:-class
2186:Gakkel
2054:Taymyr
2035:Konrad
2004:Kuchin
1942:Yermak
1849:Lavrov
1767:Ovtsyn
1752:Bering
1730:Ivanov
1693:Hudson
1655:Pomors
1632:Cowper
1597:Karluk
1496:Isabel
1490:Bellot
1440:Austin
1408:Terror
1400:Erebus
1296:Griper
1272:Clerke
1232:Baffin
1215:Hudson
1146:Nansen
1059:Garðar
980:Barneo
847:ANT-25
823:Italia
799:Nobile
768:Henson
727:Amedeo
703:Nansen
668:Greely
538:Hudson
476:Arctic
404:, 1928
246:Arctic
243:Soviet
239:Moscow
195:Awards
172:Moscow
3524:Crary
3471:Dufek
3434:Oates
3424:Scott
3357:David
3338:Adams
3309:Barne
3130:Mirny
3119:Somov
2929:Quest
2826:Crean
2811:Scott
2690:Bruce
2644:Gauss
2637:Gauss
2511:Jason
2498:Nares
2372:Davis
2349:Mirny
2322:Smith
2277:Roché
2197:Lenin
2117:Sadko
2042:Wiese
1987:Sedov
1958:Zarya
1881:Payer
1844:Litke
1839:Anjou
1772:Minin
1735:Vagin
1725:Popov
1698:Poole
1553:Young
1366:Dease
1311:Hecla
1302:Parry
1227:Bylot
1210:Davis
1185:Cabot
1158:Peary
1140:Jason
1127:Egede
1041:Papar
953:Skate
934:Wiese
914:NP-37
907:NP-36
787:Norge
775:Sedov
763:Peary
721:Jason
636:Nares
630:Alert
585:Hayes
553:Parry
491:Ocean
65:DeepL
3640:stub
3583:stub
3456:Byrd
3377:Fram
3328:Wild
3010:Marr
2976:BGLE
2963:Byrd
2891:Wild
2770:Fram
2572:Cook
2093:AARI
2078:Maud
1965:Toll
1890:Vega
1576:Gjøa
1561:Fram
1524:Kane
1361:Back
1326:Fury
1317:Lyon
1239:Munk
878:NP-1
780:Byrd
697:Fram
688:Fram
580:Kane
410:2023
231:O.S.
161:Died
144:O.S.
135:Born
79:must
77:You
58:View
3153:3rd
3139:2nd
3113:1st
2946:IGY
2942:IPY
1532:Fox
1428:Rae
994:Mir
970:NS
67:or
3685::
2058:/
400:,
348:56
346:,
342:.
331:,
327:.
297:32
295:,
291:.
282:32
280:,
276:.
225::
178:,
174:,
152:,
3671:e
3664:t
3657:v
3646:.
3614:e
3607:t
3600:v
3589:.
2535:"
2529:"
2472:)
2468:(
2459:)
2450:(
455:e
448:t
441:v
333:2
221:(
114:.
107:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.