878:, and promoting cell survival via activation of EPO receptors resulting in anti-apoptotic effects on ischemic tissues. However this proposal is controversial with numerous studies showing no effect. It is also inconsistent with the low levels of EPO receptors on those cells. Clinical trials in humans with ischemic heart, neural and renal tissues have not demonstrated the same benefits seen in animals. In addition some research studies have shown its neuroprotective effect on diabetic neuropathy, however these data were not confirmed in clinical trials that have been conducted on the deep peroneal, superficial peroneal, tibial and sural nerves.
3322:
3307:
3292:
186:
914:
such as anti-EpoR antibodies. In controlled experiments, a functional EPO receptor is not detected in those tissues. In the bloodstream, red cells themselves do not express erythropoietin receptor, so cannot respond to EPO. However, indirect dependence of red cell longevity in the blood on plasma erythropoietin levels has been reported, a process termed neocytolysis. In addition, there is conclusive evidence that EPO receptor expression is upregulated in brain injury.
42:
9043:
785:(40% of total molecular weight), with half-life in blood around 5 h. EPO's half-life may vary between endogenous and various recombinant versions. Additional glycosylation or other alterations of EPO via recombinant technology have led to the increase of EPO's stability in blood (thus requiring less frequent injections).
913:
High level erythropoietin receptor expression is localized to erythroid progenitor cells. While there are reports that EPO receptors are found in a number of other tissues, such as heart, muscle, kidney and peripheral/central nervous tissue, those results are confounded by nonspecificity of reagents
922:
Erythropoietin levels in blood are quite low in the absence of anemia, at around 10 mU/mL. However, in hypoxic stress, EPO production may increase up to 1000-fold, reaching 10 000 mU/mL of blood. In adults, EPO is synthesized mainly by interstitial cells in the peritubular capillary
2671:
Heuberger JA, Rotmans JI, Gal P, Stuurman FE, van 't
Westende J, Post TE, Daniels JM, Moerland M, van Veldhoven PL, de Kam ML, Ram H, de Hon O, Posthuma JJ, Burggraaf J, Cohen AF (August 2017). "Effects of erythropoietin on cycling performance of well trained cyclists: a double-blind, randomised,
1192:
exertion the effects of EPO were not distinguishable from a placebo. Stating " Submaximal ... did not differ between groups." Nevertheless, at "maximal higher in the rHuEPO group compared with the placebo group." So, even though there was no difference at lower levels of exertion at
858:), expresses maximal erythropoietin receptor density and is completely dependent on erythropoietin for further differentiation. Precursors of red cells, the proerythroblasts and basophilic erythroblasts also express erythropoietin receptor and are therefore affected by it.
1499:
Livnah O, Johnson DL, Stura EA, Farrell FX, Barbone FP, You Y, Liu KD, Goldsmith MA, He W, Krause CD, Pestka S, Jolliffe LK, Wilson IA (November 1998). "An antagonist peptide-EPO receptor complex suggests that receptor dimerization is not sufficient for activation".
814:
and basophilic erythroblast subsets in the differentiation. Erythropoietin has its primary effect on red blood cell progenitors and precursors (which are found in the bone marrow in humans) by promoting their survival through protecting these cells from
2627:
Thomsen JJ, Rentsch RL, Robach P, Calbet JA, Boushel R, Rasmussen P, Juel C, Lundby C (November 2007). "Prolonged administration of recombinant human erythropoietin increases submaximal performance more than maximal aerobic capacity".
2134:
Liu S, Ren J, Hong Z, Yan D, Gu G, Han G, Wang G, Ren H, Chen J, Li J (February 2013). "Efficacy of erythropoietin combined with enteral nutrition for the treatment of anemia in Crohn's disease: a prospective cohort study".
1082:
In 1977, Goldwasser and Kung purified EPO. Pure EPO allowed the amino acid sequence to be partially identified and the gene to be isolated. Synthetic EPO was first successfully used to correct anemia in 1987. In 1985, Lin
2605:
2293:
Eschbach JW, Egrie JC, Downing MR, Browne JK, Adamson JW (January 1987). "Correction of the anemia of end-stage renal disease with recombinant human erythropoietin. Results of a combined phase I and II clinical trial".
670:/mL) are constantly secreted in sufficient quantities to compensate for normal red blood cell turnover. Common causes of cellular hypoxia resulting in elevated levels of EPO (up to 10 000 mU/mL) include any
1074:
called the hemopoietic substance 'erythropoietin'. K.R. Reissman and Allan J. Erslev demonstrated that a certain substance, circulated in the blood, is able to stimulate red blood cell production and increase
1414:
Hosseini-Zare MS, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Mahdavi-Mazdeh M, Ahmadi F, Akrami S (July 2012). "Peripheral neuropathy response to erythropoietin in type 2 diabetic patients with mild to moderate renal failure".
2758:
910:
pathways. This results in differentiation, survival and proliferation of the erythroid cell. SOCS1, SOCS3 and CIS are also expressed which act as negative regulators of the cytokine signal.
7233:
4910:
1226:
for two separate violations, one concerning the level of EPO in a blood sample collected in August 2022; Halep maintained her innocence, and indicated she would appeal the ban.
2597:
935:. Regulation is believed to rely on a feedback mechanism measuring blood oxygenation and iron availability. Constitutively synthesized transcription factors for EPO, known as
8036:
7253:
7243:
5022:
5398:
8182:
4851:
1181:, ran a sophisticated doping program that lasted for many years during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Erythropoietin was a common substance used by the cyclists.
3321:
2715:
8031:
7966:
7228:
1458:
Middleton SA, Barbone FP, Johnson DL, Thurmond RL, You Y, McMahon FJ, Jin R, Livnah O, Tullai J, Farrell FX, Goldsmith MA, Wilson IA, Jolliffe LK (May 1999).
3306:
2055:"Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor (SGLT2i) as a Primary Preventative Agent in the Healthy Individual: A Need of a Future Randomised Clinical Trial?"
8462:
5763:
4619:
8101:
4821:
4816:
8116:
2787:"Potential Efficacy of Erythropoietin on Reducing the Risk of Mortality in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
8172:
8066:
4743:
2750:
8874:
8198:
6998:
5073:
4856:
4663:
2982:
8660:
6937:
2598:"Statement From USADA CEO Travis T. Tygart Regarding The U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team Doping Conspiracy | U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA)"
8081:
8076:
8071:
8061:
6114:
5306:
5015:
2178:
8335:
8193:
8162:
8126:
7897:
6039:
762:, and tumor recurrence. Risk increases when EPO treatment raises hemoglobin levels over 11 g/dL to 12 g/dL: this is to be avoided.
8248:
8213:
7621:
7534:
7479:
7433:
7378:
7113:
7053:
6054:
5984:
5543:
5141:
5083:
1290:
2452:
8985:
8680:
8289:
8279:
8269:
8203:
8152:
7616:
7494:
7393:
7179:
7068:
6868:
6828:
6576:
6495:
6357:
6298:
6260:
6205:
6200:
6190:
6064:
6059:
6029:
6004:
5999:
5989:
5875:
5794:
5733:
5661:
5640:
5625:
5578:
5231:
8914:
8904:
8894:
8831:
8556:
8259:
7716:
7574:
7553:
7509:
7489:
7408:
7388:
7103:
7083:
7063:
6706:
6701:
6034:
5758:
5291:
5088:
3677:
3649:
3546:
3122:
Buemi M, Caccamo C, Nostro L, Cavallaro E, Floccari F, Grasso G (March 2005). "Brain and cancer: the protective role of erythropoietin".
2736:
2548:
2485:
2112:
8909:
8826:
8791:
8536:
8308:
8041:
7959:
7539:
7529:
7484:
7438:
7428:
7383:
7207:
7174:
7154:
7118:
7108:
7058:
7018:
6490:
6470:
6437:
6318:
6220:
6069:
5008:
4180:
2574:
2518:
8851:
8026:
7499:
7398:
7293:
7197:
7149:
7142:
7128:
7073:
7043:
6523:
6513:
6465:
6447:
6376:
6210:
6049:
5994:
2414:
701:. Liver production predominates in the fetal and perinatal period; renal production predominates in adulthood. It is homologous with
8651:
8640:
8616:
8106:
7238:
6928:
4783:
4612:
3291:
1844:
Fisher JW, Koury S, Ducey T, Mendel S (October 1996). "Erythropoietin production by interstitial cells of hypoxic monkey kidneys".
8485:
6533:
6250:
3505:
1062:
proposed the idea that a hormone regulates the production of red blood cells. After conducting experiments on rabbits subject to
847:
2388:
7995:
7338:
5518:
5201:
8142:
7952:
7916:
7866:
7837:
7784:
6271:
6138:
4736:
4669:
3747:
3271:
2228:
1896:
1560:
1223:
1218:, and was stripped of the UFC bantamweight title and suspended for 2 years. In September 2023 two-time tennis major champion
1110:
1050:, and tumor recurrence, particularly when used to increase the hemoglobin levels to more than 11 g/dL to 12 g/dL.
8274:
7595:
7591:
7587:
7583:
5136:
5120:
4674:
3429:
1460:"Shared and unique determinants of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor are important for binding EPO and EPO mimetic peptide"
1170:
1070:
attributed an increase in red blood cells in rabbit subjects to a hemotropic factor called hemopoietin. Eva
Bonsdorff and
806:
conditions, the kidney will produce and secrete erythropoietin to increase the production of red blood cells by targeting
5864:
5783:
5650:
5567:
4605:
1151:. Before this test was available, some athletes were sanctioned after confessing to having used EPO, for example in the
769:. It can often be detected in blood, due to slight differences from the endogenous protein; for example, in features of
8006:
7579:
3390:
3362:
2830:
Takeuchi M, Kobata A (September 1991). "Structures and functional roles of the sugar chains of human erythropoietins".
2707:
943:
inhibits the promoter region for EPO. GATA2 levels decrease during hypoxia and allow the promotion of EPO production.
8960:
7268:
6387:
5947:
5558:
9083:
5216:
5160:
5151:
4940:
4729:
3850:
1320:
Momaya A, Fawal M, Estes R (April 2015). "Performance-enhancing substances in sports: a review of the literature".
969:
720:
2329:
Lin FK, Suggs S, Lin CH, Browne JK, Smalling R, Egrie JC, Chen KK, Fox GM, Martin F, Stabinsky Z (November 1985).
9068:
7790:
4881:
4273:
3424:
1144:
1087:
isolated the human erythropoietin gene from a genomic phage library and used it to produce EPO. In 1989, the US
9088:
8671:
8373:
7877:
7853:
6993:
6549:
6412:
4566:
4173:
3956:
3579:
3515:
3409:
3093:
Juul S (March 2004). "Recombinant erythropoietin as a neuroprotective treatment: in vitro and in vivo models".
1205:
770:
7843:
4498:
4485:
3971:
3439:
3414:
2200:
Carnot P, Deflandre C (1906). "Sur l'activite hematopoietique du serum au cours de la regeneration du sang".
1208:
822:
Erythropoietin is the primary erythropoietic factor that cooperates with various other growth factors (e.g.,
17:
3056:
Fandrey J (June 2004). "Oxygen-dependent and tissue-specific regulation of erythropoietin gene expression".
1576:
Hodges VM, Rainey S, Lappin TR, Maxwell AP (November 2007). "Pathophysiology of anemia and erythrocytosis".
8975:
7887:
6283:
6165:
6155:
4227:
4028:
4023:
3765:
3480:
2420:
1088:
7258:
4544:
4258:
3510:
3490:
887:
9033:
8965:
8607:
7872:
5698:
4493:
4348:
4278:
4268:
4136:
4018:
2859:
Semba RD, Juul SE (August 2002). "Erythropoietin in human milk: physiology and role in infant health".
2059:
1654:"Functional erythropoietin receptor is undetectable in endothelial, cardiac, neuronal, and renal cells"
1298:
1067:
1003:
979:
766:
712:
690:
2170:
1159:
866:
Erythropoietin was reported to have a range of actions beyond stimulation of erythropoiesis including
8566:
7780:
4806:
4628:
4576:
4503:
4460:
4420:
4253:
4193:
4166:
4158:
4141:
3264:
2898:"From erythropoietin to oxygen: hypoxia-inducible factor hydroxylases and the hypoxia signal pathway"
2512:
2479:
936:
903:
854:
expression and are sensitive to erythropoietin. Subsequent stage, the colony-forming unit-erythroid (
3699:
894:(EpoR). EPO binds to the erythropoietin receptor on the red cell progenitor surface and activates a
5964:
5880:
5799:
5666:
5583:
4571:
4465:
4301:
4217:
3770:
2544:
1114:
1015:
975:
3159:
Sytkowski AJ (July 2007). "Does erythropoietin have a dark side? Epo signaling and cancer cells".
2785:
Liu C, Huang C, Xie J, Li H, Hong M, Chen X, Wang J, Wang J, Li Z, Wang J, Wang W (October 2020).
1793:
Jacobson LO, Goldwasser E, Fried W, Plzak L (March 1957). "Role of the kidney in erythropoiesis".
939:, are hydroxylated and proteosomally digested in the presence of oxygen and iron. During normoxia
9078:
8319:
8015:
7564:
5311:
5186:
4306:
3999:
2444:
891:
851:
3236:
8704:
7848:
7464:
7368:
6988:
6407:
5393:
5031:
3845:
3822:
3574:
3355:
2990:
Becerra SP, Amaral J (December 2002). "Erythropoietin--an endogenous retinal survival factor".
1294:
999:
759:
736:
3204:
2540:
8516:
8511:
7922:
6119:
5403:
5042:
4508:
4427:
3591:
2976:
2474:
2104:
1744:
Ott C, Martens H, Hassouna I, Oliveira B, Erck C, Zafeiriou MP, et al. (December 2015).
1039:
798:
Erythropoietin is an essential hormone for red blood cell production. Without it, definitive
751:
686:
3554:
1250:
9063:
8631:
8467:
7862:
7248:
6180:
6129:
4836:
4533:
4513:
4452:
3257:
2570:
2507:
2342:
1802:
1148:
694:
1958:
Jelkmann W (March 2007). "Erythropoietin after a century of research: younger than ever".
1147:, EPO has been banned since the early 1990s, but a first test was not available until the
8:
8582:
8472:
8364:
7003:
6417:
4409:
4393:
4311:
4263:
4131:
3737:
3732:
3704:
3667:
3500:
3485:
3449:
1652:
Sinclair AM, Coxon A, McCaffery I, Kaufman S, Paweletz K, Liu L, et al. (May 2010).
2346:
2073:
2054:
1857:
1806:
9073:
8496:
8491:
8457:
8452:
8398:
7986:
7978:
6681:
5034:
4846:
4826:
4470:
4399:
3472:
3184:
3147:
3081:
3044:
2964:
2927:
2884:
2813:
2786:
2653:
2171:"Safety Labeling Changes: Epogen/Procrit (epoetin alfa) and Aranesp (darbepoetin alfa)"
2086:
2027:
2002:
1983:
1869:
1826:
1770:
1746:"Widespread Expression of Erythropoietin Receptor in Brain and Its Induction by Injury"
1745:
1721:
1694:
1552:
1525:
1440:
1391:
1364:
1345:
1106:
1102:
1011:
1007:
651:
77:
3330:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN ERYTHROPOIETIN COMPLEXED TO ITS RECEPTOR AT 1.9 ANGSTROMS
2685:
2365:
2330:
2270:
2253:
74:
8924:
7975:
7308:
4861:
4841:
4831:
4528:
4523:
4437:
3659:
3348:
3225:
3216:
3176:
3139:
3110:
3073:
3036:
3007:
2956:
2919:
2876:
2847:
2818:
2689:
2645:
2370:
2311:
2275:
2234:
2224:
2152:
2090:
2078:
2032:
1975:
1971:
1935:
1892:
1861:
1818:
1775:
1726:
1675:
1634:
1593:
1589:
1556:
1517:
1481:
1432:
1396:
1337:
1291:"erythropoietin – definition of erythropoietin in English from the Oxford dictionary"
1117:(HIF), which regulates the EPO gene, as well as other genes, in response to hypoxia.
1047:
803:
55:
5000:
3188:
3151:
3048:
2968:
2931:
2888:
1987:
1873:
1611:
Elliott S, Busse L, Bass MB, Lu H, Sarosi I, Sinclair AM, et al. (March 2006).
1529:
1444:
1349:
8577:
8506:
8501:
8389:
8046:
7726:
6858:
4915:
4871:
4866:
4778:
4549:
4296:
4222:
4189:
3626:
3621:
3168:
3131:
3102:
3065:
3032:
3028:
2999:
2948:
2909:
2868:
2839:
2808:
2798:
2681:
2657:
2637:
2360:
2350:
2303:
2265:
2144:
2068:
2022:
2014:
1967:
1925:
1853:
1830:
1810:
1765:
1757:
1716:
1706:
1665:
1624:
1585:
1548:
1509:
1471:
1428:
1424:
1386:
1376:
1329:
1270:
1098:
991:
907:
867:
835:
519:
118:
3085:
3058:
American
Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
3019:
Genc S, Koroglu TF, Genc K (March 2004). "Erythropoietin and the nervous system".
9047:
8955:
8932:
8477:
8394:
8157:
4798:
4232:
3951:
3584:
3379:
2018:
1930:
1913:
1670:
1653:
1413:
1255:
1174:
93:
4721:
3315:: ERYTHROPOIETIN COMPLEXED WITH EXTRACELLULAR DOMAINS OF ERYTHROPOIETIN RECEPTOR
2307:
8816:
8806:
8733:
8350:
8340:
8264:
7944:
7912:
7775:
7469:
7318:
7313:
6427:
6422:
5068:
5058:
5053:
4905:
4710:
4072:
4044:
3989:
3601:
3532:
3069:
2872:
2335:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1629:
1612:
1275:
1211:
1178:
1152:
1071:
1031:
895:
831:
799:
740:
702:
659:
655:
3884:
3106:
2641:
1761:
1333:
9057:
8384:
8167:
8086:
7606:
7519:
7448:
7418:
7353:
7263:
7217:
7093:
7023:
6968:
6957:
6442:
6150:
5833:
5738:
5630:
4811:
4644:
4597:
4540:
4378:
4368:
4113:
3889:
3172:
2843:
2148:
1711:
1476:
1459:
1035:
827:
823:
782:
2355:
2238:
8990:
8970:
8889:
8879:
8821:
8768:
8698:
8597:
8541:
8228:
8218:
8208:
8111:
8091:
8056:
8051:
7932:
7902:
7641:
7631:
7524:
7423:
7278:
7098:
7033:
6948:
6452:
6255:
6094:
6089:
6009:
5959:
5773:
5527:
5508:
5487:
5458:
5181:
5176:
4989:
4876:
4788:
4756:
4404:
4248:
3896:
3832:
3817:
3780:
3727:
3694:
3434:
3401:
3180:
3143:
3114:
3077:
3040:
3011:
3003:
2960:
2923:
2880:
2822:
2803:
2693:
2649:
2156:
2082:
2036:
1979:
1939:
1822:
1779:
1730:
1679:
1638:
1597:
1485:
1436:
1400:
1341:
1230:
1219:
1166:, although he was later acquitted because his B-sample was not conclusive.
1163:
1132:
1063:
1023:
987:
983:
924:
875:
871:
811:
747:
728:
724:
716:
640:
111:
2851:
2374:
2315:
1865:
1521:
1155:, when a car with doping products for the Festina cycling team was found.
185:
9000:
8995:
8899:
8884:
8856:
8846:
8841:
8796:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8728:
8723:
8546:
8531:
8526:
8345:
8330:
8147:
7892:
7858:
7756:
7746:
7741:
7731:
7681:
7504:
7403:
7164:
7078:
7008:
6903:
6666:
6631:
6581:
6544:
6480:
6362:
6293:
6245:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6109:
6104:
6099:
5477:
5388:
5378:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5321:
5281:
5246:
4958:
4948:
4925:
4891:
4581:
4446:
4432:
4343:
4338:
4080:
4057:
3559:
3462:
2751:"N.Y. lab losing battle of doping in horse racing's 'cat and mouse game'"
1126:
1059:
711:
erythropoietin, recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), is produced by
667:
663:
2279:
2175:
MedWatch: The FDA Safety
Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program
1695:"Neocytolysis: none, one or many? A reappraisal and future perspectives"
8836:
8738:
8592:
8137:
7711:
7676:
7671:
7661:
7651:
7569:
7358:
7333:
7323:
7169:
7123:
6983:
6809:
6778:
6747:
6716:
6661:
6636:
6616:
6601:
6591:
6485:
6402:
6195:
6175:
6074:
6019:
6014:
5838:
5743:
5728:
5523:
5482:
5454:
5423:
5383:
5286:
5241:
5236:
5211:
5206:
5196:
5109:
5103:
5093:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4953:
4930:
4920:
4896:
4384:
4363:
4288:
4108:
3994:
3644:
3596:
3525:
3520:
1381:
1076:
682:
4188:
3135:
2952:
2914:
2897:
499:
9010:
9005:
8786:
8233:
7736:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7666:
7656:
7646:
7636:
7328:
7288:
7184:
7159:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6878:
6799:
6737:
6671:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6626:
6621:
6611:
6606:
6500:
6475:
6240:
6160:
6079:
6024:
5914:
5853:
5843:
5748:
5635:
5433:
5428:
5418:
5326:
5316:
5301:
5276:
5271:
5261:
5256:
5251:
4442:
3911:
3840:
3722:
3634:
3569:
3495:
2939:
Westenfelder C (2002). "Unexpected renal actions of erythropoietin".
1814:
1613:"Anti-Epo receptor antibodies do not predict Epo receptor expression"
1105:
studied the EPO gene and its oxygen-dependent regulation. Along with
1027:
928:
843:
839:
816:
675:
214:
81:
70:
336:
332:
8238:
7907:
7626:
7283:
6883:
6873:
6853:
6596:
6586:
5933:
5413:
5356:
5266:
5226:
4636:
4062:
3961:
3943:
3901:
3879:
3802:
3794:
3775:
3757:
3686:
3564:
3457:
3419:
955:
951:
643:
488:
6788:
6757:
6726:
6690:
7882:
7303:
6768:
6170:
5131:
4702:
4388:
3966:
3933:
3928:
3920:
3807:
3742:
3613:
3371:
3241:
3230:
3220:
1513:
708:
318:
277:
41:
8811:
8801:
8446:
8442:
8438:
8434:
8430:
8426:
7795:
7459:
7348:
7273:
6978:
6973:
6397:
6392:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6326:
6322:
5974:
5513:
5191:
4752:
4654:
4090:
4052:
3871:
3812:
1457:
1092:
1079:. This substance was purified and confirmed as erythropoietin.
1043:
1019:
995:
927:, with additional amounts being produced in the liver, and the
755:
744:
732:
671:
647:
466:
236:
3249:
2177:. United States Food and Drug Administration. 11 August 2011.
954:. Erythropoietin also activates these factors, resulting in a
606:
582:
549:
194:
8481:
8422:
8418:
8414:
8410:
8406:
8402:
8299:
7827:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7799:
7514:
7413:
7088:
7028:
6842:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6553:
6044:
5908:
5827:
5823:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5619:
5615:
5466:
4684:
4586:
4353:
4202:
4123:
4098:
4009:
3981:
3714:
2737:"Simona Halep: Will appeal 4-year ban over doping violations"
1651:
1365:"The effect of erythropoietin on normal and neoplastic cells"
1215:
947:
940:
932:
899:
855:
807:
698:
3215:
Overview of all the structural information available in the
1792:
1693:
Risso A, Ciana A, Achilli C, Antonutto G, Minetti G (2014).
534:
8866:
8778:
8715:
7298:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5706:
5702:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5497:
5462:
5443:
4518:
3340:
3121:
2670:
588:
573:
540:
2626:
2292:
1743:
1692:
2331:"Cloning and expression of the human erythropoietin gene"
1575:
1498:
612:
594:
561:
555:
531:
522:
1204:
In March 2019, American mixed martial artist and former
101:
8107:
Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA/Mircera)
3300:: HUMAN ERYTHROPOIETIN, NMR MINIMIZED AVERAGE STRUCTURE
1214:
tested positive for EPO in a drug test administered by
1002:, chemotherapy induced anemia in patients with cancer,
7898:
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)
2163:
1886:
1843:
1229:
EPO has been used as a performance enhancing agent in
886:
Erythropoietin has been shown to exert its effects by
9031:
5030:
3389:
615:
597:
564:
525:
175:
2251:
1313:
1162:. The first rider to test positive in that race was
609:
591:
579:
570:
558:
546:
537:
528:
1887:Barrett KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, Brooks H (eds.).
603:
585:
543:
7844:Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI; PGI, PHI, AMF)
6702:Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)
6355:Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target:
1610:
27:Protein that stimulates red blood cell production
4751:
2328:
1914:"Pericytes: new EPO-producing cells in the brain"
1158:The first doping test in cycling was used in the
9055:
8199:Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
7974:
7878:Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; HLP, HGFLP)
4664:Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
2445:"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019"
1319:
5519:Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)
5202:Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)
3018:
2252:Miyake T, Kung CK, Goldwasser E (August 1977).
2199:
2048:
2046:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1362:
1135:) were approved for use in the European Union.
678:due to chronic lung disease and mouth disease.
4627:
2829:
2708:"USADA suspends Dillashaw 2 years for EPO use"
2437:
7960:
7930:Additional growth factor receptor modulators:
5016:
4737:
4613:
4174:
3356:
3265:
3242:Articles and topics related to Erythropoietin
2989:
2784:
2133:
1880:
6284:Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)
6166:Insulin-like growth factor-2 (somatomedin A)
6156:Insulin-like growth factor-1 (somatomedin C)
2981:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
2938:
2043:
1946:
1786:
1131:In December 2007, Retacrit and Silapo (both
946:Erythropoietin production can be induced by
793:
685:in the kidney in close association with the
2322:
2286:
1891:(24th ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 709.
1451:
1356:
1186:significant effect on exercise performance.
917:
681:Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial
552:
8966:Leukemia/leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF)
7967:
7953:
5023:
5009:
4744:
4730:
4620:
4606:
4181:
4167:
3363:
3349:
3272:
3258:
2595:
1837:
1492:
1138:
8961:FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L)
8390:Interferon alpha (interferon alfa, IFN-α)
3158:
2913:
2895:
2858:
2812:
2802:
2364:
2354:
2269:
2245:
2072:
2026:
2003:"Regulation of erythropoietin production"
1929:
1769:
1720:
1710:
1669:
1628:
1475:
1390:
1380:
1201:performed better than the placebo group.
861:
8983:Additional cytokine receptor modulators:
7888:Migration-stimulating factor (MSF; PRG4)
4784:Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta
2052:
2000:
1957:
5217:Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα)
3055:
1578:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
898:signalling cascade. This initiates the
14:
9056:
8807:Cucurbitacin I (elatericin B, JSI-124)
7791:Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)
2748:
2630:European Journal of Applied Physiology
2254:"Purification of human erythropoietin"
1542:
881:
8143:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
7948:
7854:Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF)
5004:
4725:
4670:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
4601:
4162:
3344:
3253:
3240:
2551:from the original on 7 September 2017
2488:from the original on 30 December 2019
2221:Erythropoietin and the Nervous System
2115:from the original on 18 February 2019
1889:Ganong's review of Medical Physiology
1543:Kasper, C. (2003). "Erythropoietin".
1224:International Tennis Integrity Agency
1111:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
974:Erythropoietins available for use as
8502:Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK)
8275:Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
4675:Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
3211:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3092:
2761:from the original on 6 February 2022
2533:
2521:from the original on 22 October 2020
2455:from the original on 31 October 2021
2218:
2181:from the original on 12 January 2017
1222:received a 4-year suspension by the
1171:U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team
846:. The burst-forming unit-erythroid (
731:. ESAs are used in the treatment of
666:. Low levels of EPO (around 10
8976:Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)
2992:The New England Journal of Medicine
2608:from the original on 26 August 2021
2296:The New England Journal of Medicine
2258:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2074:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007197
1858:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1864.x
1464:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1417:Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
1184:A 2007 study showed that EPO has a
765:rhEPO has been used illicitly as a
24:
2777:
2749:Munson, Emilie (6 February 2022).
2718:from the original on 10 April 2019
2577:from the original on 16 April 2016
1911:
1066:, Carnot and his graduate student
750:. Risks of therapy include death,
25:
9100:
4941:HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors
3197:
838:) involved in the development of
721:erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
9041:
7873:Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)
3851:5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
3320:
3305:
3290:
1972:10.1111/j.1600-0609.2007.00818.x
1590:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.06.006
1553:10.1016/B978-012689663-3/50011-9
970:Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent
518:
184:
40:
8507:Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1)
7041:Negative allosteric modulators:
4882:Sodium ferric gluconate complex
3279:
2742:
2730:
2700:
2664:
2620:
2589:
2563:
2500:
2467:
2407:
2389:"Epogen- epoetin alfa solution"
2381:
2212:
2193:
2127:
2097:
1994:
1960:European Journal of Haematology
1905:
1737:
1686:
1645:
1604:
1569:
1363:Elliott S, Sinclair AM (2012).
776:
7359:Gossypetin (3,5,7,8,3',4'-HHF)
6550:Platelet-derived growth factor
4567:Fractional excretion of sodium
3033:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.12.037
2596:Perishable (10 October 2012).
2571:"Hamburger cleared of EPO use"
2137:Nutrition in Clinical Practice
1846:British Journal of Haematology
1536:
1429:10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.01.007
1407:
1369:Biologics: Targets and Therapy
1283:
1263:
1256:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1243:
1120:
986:, and include Epogen/Procrit (
961:
771:posttranslational modification
195:More reference expression data
13:
1:
7565:Placental growth factor (PGF)
4911:Cyanocobalamin tannin complex
2686:10.1016/S2352-3026(17)30105-9
2271:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)63387-9
2105:"The Story of Erythropoietin"
1236:
1109:, they were awarded the 2019
994:); they are used in treating
7849:Glia maturation factor (GMF)
6358:Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1)
3370:
2421:Food and Drug Administration
2415:"Epogen: FDA-Approved Drugs"
2019:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.195057
1931:10.1182/blood-2016-10-743880
1671:10.1182/blood-2009-10-248666
1095:for use in certain anemias.
1089:Food and Drug Administration
1038:of increased risk of death,
719:and are collectively called
7:
8351:Thrombopoietin (THPO, MGDF)
8117:Pegol sihematide (EPO-018B)
8037:Carbamylated erythropoietin
4545:Effective renal plasma flow
4389:Intracellular fluid/Cytosol
2672:placebo-controlled trial".
2308:10.1056/NEJM198701083160203
1091:(FDA) approved the hormone
802:does not take place. Under
788:
10:
9105:
7781:Colony-stimulating factors
7773:Additional growth factors:
4629:Colony-stimulating factors
4494:Glomerular filtration rate
4486:Assessment and measurement
4349:Atrial natriuretic peptide
4019:Insulin-like growth factor
3124:Medicinal Research Reviews
3070:10.1152/ajpregu.00577.2003
2873:10.1177/089033440201800307
2861:Journal of Human Lactation
2739:, ESPN, September 12, 2023
2060:Circulation: Heart Failure
1630:10.1182/blood-2005-10-4066
1173:, under the leadership of
1145:performance-enhancing drug
1124:
1068:Clotilde-Camille Deflandre
1053:
1004:inflammatory bowel disease
980:recombinant DNA technology
967:
767:performance-enhancing drug
713:recombinant DNA technology
693:. It is also produced in
691:proximal convoluted tubule
8945:
8923:
8900:Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)
8865:
8857:Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)
8777:
8764:Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)
8714:
8697:
8690:
8670:
8650:
8630:
8606:
8565:
8372:
8363:
8318:
8298:
8247:
8181:
8125:
8014:
8005:
7985:
7765:
7552:
7447:
7216:
7129:SNA-120 (pegylated K252a)
6956:
6947:
6927:
6841:
6818:
6787:
6756:
6725:
6689:
6680:
6532:
6375:
6308:
6301:(against IGF-1 and IGF-2)
6270:
6263:(against IGF-1 and IGF-2)
6137:
6128:
5946:
5923:
5863:
5782:
5649:
5566:
5557:
5496:
5442:
5355:
5159:
5150:
5119:
5041:
4982:
4939:
4890:
4797:
4764:
4701:
4683:
4653:
4635:
4577:Tubuloglomerular feedback
4559:
4504:Augmented renal clearance
4484:
4461:Bicarbonate buffer system
4419:
4377:
4331:
4324:
4287:
4241:
4210:
4200:
4190:Physiology of the kidneys
4122:
4089:
4071:
4043:
4008:
3980:
3942:
3919:
3910:
3870:
3863:
3831:
3793:
3756:
3713:
3685:
3676:
3658:
3612:
3545:
3471:
3448:
3400:
3378:
3285:
3247:
3107:10.1016/j.clp.2004.03.004
2955:(inactive 29 July 2024).
2642:10.1007/s00421-007-0522-8
2513:European Medicines Agency
2480:European Medicines Agency
2007:The Journal of Physiology
2001:Jelkmann W (March 2011).
1762:10.2119/molmed.2015.00192
1502:Nature Structural Biology
1334:10.1007/s40279-015-0308-9
1276:Dictionary.com Unabridged
937:hypoxia-inducible factors
794:Red blood cell production
503:
498:
494:
487:
465:
450:
437:
433:
418:
414:
407:
394:
390:
375:
371:
364:
353:
349:
330:
326:
317:
306:
302:
289:
285:
276:
265:
261:
248:
244:
235:
220:
213:
209:
192:
183:
174:
166:
153:
149:
134:
130:
100:
92:
88:
68:
65:
60:
53:
48:
39:
34:
8578:Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)
5965:Hepatocyte growth factor
5524:Neuregulins (heregulins)
5455:Neuregulins (heregulins)
5399:Trastuzumab duocarmazine
5112:(against angiopoietin 2)
5106:(against angiopoietin 3)
4466:Respiratory compensation
4228:Clearance of medications
3229:(Erythropoietin) at the
3173:10.1126/stke.3952007pe38
2545:World Anti-Doping Agency
2149:10.1177/0884533612462744
1712:10.3389/fphys.2014.00054
1477:10.1074/jbc.274.20.14163
1115:hypoxia-inducible factor
918:Synthesis and regulation
723:(ESA): two examples are
650:in response to cellular
61:EPOuniprot:P01588epoetin
9084:Hormones of the kidneys
8478:Interferon beta (IFN-β)
5312:Depatuxizumab mafodotin
4852:Ferrous glycine sulfate
4753:Antianemic preparations
4572:BUN-to-creatinine ratio
4307:Countercurrent exchange
3209:Drug Information Portal
3095:Clinics in Perinatology
2941:Experimental Nephrology
2674:The Lancet. Haematology
2573:. BBC. 10 August 2001.
2356:10.1073/pnas.82.22.7580
1699:Frontiers in Physiology
1197:exertion the EPO group
1188:A 2017 study showed at
1160:2001 La Flèche Wallonne
1139:Usage as doping product
1113:for their discovery of
892:erythropoietin receptor
852:erythropoietin receptor
844:multipotent progenitors
646:secreted mainly by the
9069:Antihypotensive agents
8956:Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1)
7935:(neurotrophin mixture)
7923:Wnt signaling proteins
7604:Allosteric modulators:
7324:Norwogonin (5,7,8-THF)
5544:5 (tomoregulin, TMEFF)
5394:Trastuzumab deruxtecan
5032:Growth factor receptor
3846:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
3823:Pancreatic polypeptide
3004:10.1056/NEJMcibr022629
2844:10.1093/glycob/1.4.337
2202:Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci
1912:Ji P (November 2016).
1295:OxfordDictionaries.com
1048:venous thromboembolism
1018:from the treatment of
1000:chronic kidney disease
956:positive feedback loop
862:Nonhematopoietic roles
760:venous thromboembolism
737:chronic kidney disease
9089:Nephrology procedures
8953:Additional cytokines:
8880:Decernotinib (VX-509)
8517:Peginterferon alfa-2b
8512:Peginterferon alfa-2a
8032:Asialo erythropoietin
7863:T-cell growth factors
6120:Telisotuzumab vedotin
5404:Trastuzumab emtansine
4509:Renal clearance ratio
4428:Darrow Yannet diagram
2896:Ratcliffe PJ (2002).
2517:. 17 September 2018.
2484:. 17 September 2018.
1545:The Cytokine Handbook
1233:since at least 2019.
1209:Bantamweight Champion
1040:myocardial infarction
752:myocardial infarction
743:, and in anemia from
687:peritubular capillary
8468:Interferon alfacon-1
8097:Erythropoietin (EPO)
6448:EVT-901 (SAR-127963)
6181:Mecasermin rinfabate
4837:Ferric derisomaltose
4534:Hemodialysis product
4514:Urea reduction ratio
4499:Creatinine clearance
4339:Antidiuretic hormone
4194:acid–base physiology
2804:10.1155/2020/7563868
2223:. Berlin: Springer.
2111:. 16 February 2018.
1547:. pp. 149–166.
1301:on 27 September 2012
1149:2000 Summer Olympics
8615:See IL-28R (IFNLR)
8583:Interferon gamma 1b
8473:Interferon alpha-n3
4410:Transcellular fluid
4394:Extracellular fluid
4312:Filtration fraction
4132:Natriuretic peptide
3450:Posterior pituitary
3435:Somatostatin (GHIH)
2347:1985PNAS...82.7580L
1807:1957Natur.179..633J
882:Mechanism of action
8971:Oncostatin M (OSM)
8497:Interferon beta 1b
8492:Interferon beta 1a
8463:Interferon alfa n1
8458:Interferon alfa 2b
8453:Interferon alfa 2a
8287:Kinase inhibitors:
7614:Kinase inhibitors:
7477:Kinase inhibitors:
7376:Kinase inhibitors:
7051:Kinase inhibitors:
6866:Kinase inhibitors:
6826:Kinase inhibitors:
6807:Kinase inhibitors:
6776:Kinase inhibitors:
6745:Kinase inhibitors:
6714:Kinase inhibitors:
6574:Kinase inhibitors:
6188:Kinase inhibitors:
5982:Kinase inhibitors:
5771:Kinase inhibitors:
5764:Aprutumab ixadotin
5411:Kinase inhibitors:
5224:Kinase inhibitors:
5081:Kinase inhibitors:
4471:Renal compensation
4400:Interstitial fluid
3473:Anterior pituitary
2902:Blood Purification
2755:www.timesunion.com
2451:. 7 October 2019.
2109:www.hematology.org
1750:Molecular Medicine
1382:10.2147/BTT.S32281
1259:. Merriam-Webster.
1107:William Kaelin Jr.
1103:Peter J. Ratcliffe
1012:ulcerative colitis
976:therapeutic agents
9029:
9028:
9023:
9022:
9019:
9018:
8941:
8940:
8708:
8626:
8625:
8359:
8358:
8102:Erythropoietin-Fc
7976:Cytokine receptor
7942:
7941:
7548:
7547:
7309:N-Acetylserotonin
7208:ReN-1820 (TrkAd5)
6837:
6836:
6371:
6370:
6316:Binding proteins:
5975:Dihexa (PNB-0408)
5942:
5941:
5553:
5552:
5467:6 (neuroglycan C)
5187:EGF (urogastrone)
5165:
4998:
4997:
4862:Ferrous succinate
4847:Ferrous gluconate
4827:Ferrous carbonate
4822:Ferrous aspartate
4817:Ferrous ascorbate
4719:
4718:
4595:
4594:
4529:Dialysis adequacy
4524:Standardized Kt/V
4480:
4479:
4453:Winters's formula
4438:Davenport diagram
4421:Acid–base balance
4320:
4319:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4039:
4038:
3859:
3858:
3789:
3788:
3541:
3540:
3338:
3337:
3136:10.1002/med.20012
2953:10.1159/000065304
2915:10.1159/000065201
2547:. December 2014.
2425:. 13 January 2017
2230:978-0-387-30010-8
2053:Packer M (2020).
1924:(21): 2483–2485.
1898:978-1-25-902753-6
1562:978-0-12-689663-3
819:, or cell death.
627:), also known as
511:
510:
507:
506:
483:
482:
446:
445:
427:
426:
403:
402:
384:
383:
360:
359:
343:
342:
313:
312:
296:
295:
272:
271:
255:
254:
205:
204:
201:
200:
170:
169:
162:
161:
143:
142:
16:(Redirected from
9096:
9046:
9045:
9044:
9037:
8712:
8711:
8702:
8695:
8694:
8554:Decoy receptors:
8370:
8369:
8047:Darbepoetin alfa
8012:
8011:
7969:
7962:
7955:
7946:
7945:
7754:Decoy receptors:
7727:Alacizumab pegol
7205:Decoy receptors:
6954:
6953:
6859:Stem cell factor
6800:Persephin (PSPN)
6738:Neurturin (NRTN)
6687:
6686:
6524:LEVI-04 (p75-Fc)
6521:Decoy receptors:
6135:
6134:
5564:
5563:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5025:
5018:
5011:
5002:
5001:
4916:Hydroxocobalamin
4872:Ferrous tartrate
4842:Ferrous fumarate
4832:Ferrous chloride
4807:Ferric hydroxide
4799:Iron supplements
4779:Darbepoetin alfa
4746:
4739:
4732:
4723:
4722:
4666:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4599:
4598:
4550:Extraction ratio
4329:
4328:
4297:Renal blood flow
4223:Pharmacokinetics
4208:
4207:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4160:
4159:
3917:
3916:
3912:Digestive system
3868:
3867:
3683:
3682:
3622:Thyroid hormones
3398:
3397:
3387:
3386:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3342:
3341:
3324:
3309:
3294:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3251:
3250:
3238:
3237:
3212:
3205:"Erythropoietin"
3192:
3155:
3118:
3089:
3052:
3015:
2986:
2980:
2972:
2935:
2917:
2892:
2855:
2826:
2816:
2806:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2714:. 9 April 2019.
2704:
2698:
2697:
2680:(8): e374–e386.
2668:
2662:
2661:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2368:
2358:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2273:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2076:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2030:
2013:(Pt 6): 1251–8.
1998:
1992:
1991:
1955:
1944:
1943:
1933:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1815:10.1038/179633a0
1790:
1784:
1783:
1773:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1724:
1714:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1632:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1508:(11): 993–1004.
1496:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1394:
1384:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1297:. Archived from
1287:
1281:
1280:
1271:"Erythropoietin"
1267:
1261:
1260:
1251:"Erythropoietin"
1247:
1187:
1099:Gregg L. Semenza
992:darbepoetin alfa
978:are produced by
868:vasoconstriction
654:; it stimulates
622:
621:
618:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
600:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
576:
575:
572:
567:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
496:
495:
479:
474:
461:
456:
441:
431:
430:
422:
412:
411:
408:RefSeq (protein)
398:
388:
387:
379:
369:
368:
347:
346:
324:
323:
300:
299:
283:
282:
259:
258:
242:
241:
211:
210:
197:
188:
181:
180:
147:
146:
128:
127:
107:
106:
90:
89:
84:
58:
44:
32:
31:
21:
9104:
9103:
9099:
9098:
9097:
9095:
9094:
9093:
9054:
9053:
9052:
9042:
9040:
9032:
9030:
9025:
9024:
9015:
8937:
8933:Deucravacitinib
8919:
8861:
8773:
8701:
8686:
8666:
8646:
8622:
8602:
8561:
8395:Interferon alfa
8355:
8314:
8294:
8243:
8177:
8173:Pegnartograstim
8158:Lipegfilgrastim
8121:
8067:Epoetin epsilon
8001:
7981:
7973:
7943:
7938:
7883:Midkine (NEGF2)
7761:
7544:
7443:
7212:
7150:ABT-110 (PG110)
6943:
6923:
6833:
6814:
6783:
6752:
6721:
6676:
6528:
6466:ABT-110 (PG110)
6367:
6304:
6266:
6124:
5938:
5919:
5859:
5856:(against FGF23)
5778:
5645:
5549:
5492:
5438:
5351:
5162:
5146:
5115:
5037:
5029:
4999:
4994:
4978:
4935:
4895:
4886:
4867:Ferrous sulfate
4793:
4766:Erythropoietins
4760:
4750:
4720:
4715:
4697:
4679:
4662:
4649:
4631:
4626:
4596:
4591:
4555:
4476:
4415:
4373:
4325:Other functions
4316:
4302:Ultrafiltration
4283:
4237:
4233:Urine flow rate
4196:
4187:
4157:
4148:
4118:
4085:
4067:
4035:
4004:
3976:
3938:
3906:
3855:
3827:
3785:
3752:
3709:
3672:
3654:
3638:
3630:
3608:
3592:Adrenal medulla
3585:Androstenedione
3537:
3467:
3444:
3392:
3381:
3374:
3369:
3339:
3334:
3331:
3325:
3316:
3310:
3301:
3295:
3281:
3278:
3243:
3203:
3200:
3195:
2998:(24): 1968–70.
2974:
2973:
2780:
2778:Further reading
2775:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2747:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2669:
2665:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2541:"EPO DETECTION"
2539:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2475:"Retacrit EPAR"
2473:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2327:
2323:
2291:
2287:
2264:(15): 5558–64.
2250:
2246:
2231:
2219:Höke A (2005).
2217:
2213:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2051:
2044:
1999:
1995:
1956:
1947:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1885:
1881:
1842:
1838:
1801:(4560): 633–4.
1791:
1787:
1742:
1738:
1691:
1687:
1664:(21): 4264–72.
1650:
1646:
1609:
1605:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1541:
1537:
1497:
1493:
1470:(20): 14163–9.
1456:
1452:
1412:
1408:
1361:
1357:
1322:Sports Medicine
1318:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1185:
1175:Lance Armstrong
1141:
1129:
1123:
1056:
1032:package inserts
1008:Crohn's disease
998:resulting from
990:) and Aranesp (
972:
964:
920:
884:
864:
832:glucocorticoids
796:
791:
779:
602:
578:
569:
521:
517:
500:View/Edit Human
477:
472:
459:
454:
451:Location (UCSC)
439:
420:
396:
377:
335:
193:
158:
139:
69:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9102:
9092:
9091:
9086:
9081:
9079:Growth factors
9076:
9071:
9066:
9051:
9050:
9027:
9026:
9021:
9020:
9017:
9016:
9014:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8979:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8949:
8947:
8943:
8942:
8939:
8938:
8936:
8935:
8929:
8927:
8921:
8920:
8918:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8875:Cercosporamide
8871:
8869:
8863:
8862:
8860:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8817:Deuruxolitinib
8814:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8783:
8781:
8775:
8774:
8772:
8771:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8746:
8741:
8736:
8734:Deuruxolitinib
8731:
8726:
8720:
8718:
8709:
8692:
8688:
8687:
8685:
8684:
8676:
8674:
8668:
8667:
8665:
8664:
8656:
8654:
8648:
8647:
8645:
8644:
8636:
8634:
8628:
8627:
8624:
8623:
8621:
8620:
8612:
8610:
8608:IFNLR (λ, III)
8604:
8603:
8601:
8600:
8595:
8586:
8585:
8580:
8571:
8569:
8563:
8562:
8560:
8559:
8550:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8520:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8392:
8387:
8378:
8376:
8374:IFNAR (α/β, I)
8367:
8361:
8360:
8357:
8356:
8354:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8341:Promegapoietin
8338:
8333:
8324:
8322:
8320:Thrombopoietin
8316:
8315:
8313:
8312:
8304:
8302:
8296:
8295:
8293:
8292:
8283:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8265:Interleukin-34
8262:
8253:
8251:
8245:
8244:
8242:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8222:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8187:
8185:
8179:
8178:
8176:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8131:
8129:
8123:
8122:
8120:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8020:
8018:
8016:Erythropoietin
8009:
8003:
8002:
8000:
7999:
7991:
7989:
7983:
7982:
7972:
7971:
7964:
7957:
7949:
7940:
7939:
7937:
7936:
7926:
7925:
7920:
7913:Thrombopoietin
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7834:Erythropoietin
7831:
7793:
7788:
7778:
7776:Adrenomedullin
7769:
7767:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7759:
7750:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7720:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7610:
7609:
7600:
7599:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7558:
7556:
7550:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7543:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7473:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7453:
7451:
7445:
7444:
7442:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7372:
7371:
7362:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7342:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7239:4'-DMA-7,8-DHF
7236:
7231:
7222:
7220:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7210:
7201:
7200:
7188:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7133:
7132:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7047:
7046:
7037:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7012:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6999:Gambogic amide
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6962:
6960:
6951:
6945:
6944:
6942:
6941:
6933:
6931:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6862:
6861:
6856:
6847:
6845:
6839:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6831:
6822:
6820:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6803:
6802:
6793:
6791:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6781:
6772:
6771:
6769:Artemin (ARTN)
6762:
6760:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6741:
6740:
6731:
6729:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6695:
6693:
6684:
6678:
6677:
6675:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6655:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6570:
6569:
6547:
6538:
6536:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6526:
6517:
6516:
6504:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6456:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6431:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6381:
6379:
6373:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6351:
6350:
6312:
6310:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6302:
6296:
6287:
6286:
6276:
6274:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6264:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6214:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6143:
6141:
6132:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6083:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5978:
5977:
5968:
5967:
5962:
5952:
5950:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5937:
5936:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5912:
5878:
5869:
5867:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5797:
5788:
5786:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5767:
5766:
5761:
5752:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5664:
5655:
5653:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5581:
5572:
5570:
5561:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5502:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5471:
5470:
5448:
5446:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5372:
5371:
5361:
5359:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5169:
5167:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5125:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5107:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5077:
5076:
5074:Angiopoietin 3
5071:
5069:Angiopoietin 2
5062:
5061:
5059:Angiopoietin 4
5056:
5054:Angiopoietin 1
5047:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5028:
5027:
5020:
5013:
5005:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4945:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4906:Cyanocobalamin
4902:
4900:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4857:Ferrous iodine
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4803:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4774:Erythropoietin
4770:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4749:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4726:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4711:Thrombopoietin
4707:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4693:Erythropoietin
4689:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4659:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4625:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4602:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4547:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4455:
4450:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4407:
4402:
4396:
4383:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4369:Prostaglandins
4366:
4361:
4359:Erythropoietin
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4197:
4186:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4163:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4128:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4095:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4047:
4045:Adipose tissue
4041:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4015:
4013:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3990:Enteroglucagon
3986:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3925:
3923:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3890:Beta thymosins
3887:
3876:
3874:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3799:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3719:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3618:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3602:Norepinephrine
3599:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3555:Adrenal cortex
3551:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3395:
3384:
3376:
3375:
3368:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3345:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3326:
3319:
3317:
3311:
3304:
3302:
3296:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3235:
3234:
3213:
3199:
3198:External links
3196:
3194:
3193:
3161:Science's STKE
3156:
3119:
3090:
3064:(6): R977–88.
3053:
3027:(1–2): 19–31.
3021:Brain Research
3016:
2987:
2947:(5–6): 294–8.
2936:
2893:
2856:
2827:
2791:Biomed Res Int
2781:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2741:
2729:
2699:
2663:
2619:
2588:
2562:
2532:
2499:
2466:
2449:NobelPrize.org
2436:
2406:
2395:. 25 July 2018
2380:
2341:(22): 7580–4.
2321:
2285:
2244:
2229:
2211:
2192:
2162:
2126:
2096:
2067:(9): e007197.
2042:
1993:
1966:(3): 183–205.
1945:
1904:
1897:
1879:
1836:
1785:
1756:(1): 803–815.
1736:
1685:
1644:
1603:
1568:
1561:
1535:
1491:
1450:
1406:
1355:
1312:
1282:
1279:(Online). n.d.
1262:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1212:T.J. Dillashaw
1179:Johan Bruyneel
1153:Festina affair
1140:
1137:
1122:
1119:
1072:Eeva Jalavisto
1055:
1052:
1036:boxed warnings
1016:myelodysplasia
968:Main article:
963:
960:
950:as well as by
919:
916:
883:
880:
874:, stimulating
863:
860:
850:) cells start
800:erythropoiesis
795:
792:
790:
787:
781:EPO is highly
778:
775:
741:myelodysplasia
703:thrombopoietin
695:perisinusoidal
660:erythropoiesis
656:red blood cell
633:haematopoietin
514:Erythropoietin
509:
508:
505:
504:
502:
492:
491:
485:
484:
481:
480:
475:
470:
463:
462:
457:
452:
448:
447:
444:
443:
435:
434:
428:
425:
424:
416:
415:
409:
405:
404:
401:
400:
392:
391:
385:
382:
381:
373:
372:
366:
362:
361:
358:
357:
351:
350:
344:
341:
340:
328:
327:
321:
315:
314:
311:
310:
304:
303:
297:
294:
293:
287:
286:
280:
274:
273:
270:
269:
263:
262:
256:
253:
252:
246:
245:
239:
233:
232:
227:
222:
218:
217:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
190:
189:
178:
172:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
157:
154:
151:
150:
144:
141:
140:
138:
135:
132:
131:
124:
123:
115:
104:
98:
97:
94:RNA expression
86:
85:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
35:erythropoietin
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9101:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9061:
9059:
9049:
9039:
9038:
9035:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8981:
8980:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8951:
8950:
8948:
8944:
8934:
8931:
8930:
8928:
8926:
8922:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8872:
8870:
8868:
8864:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8784:
8782:
8780:
8776:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8721:
8719:
8717:
8713:
8710:
8706:
8700:
8696:
8693:
8689:
8682:
8678:
8677:
8675:
8673:
8669:
8662:
8658:
8657:
8655:
8653:
8649:
8642:
8638:
8637:
8635:
8633:
8629:
8618:
8614:
8613:
8611:
8609:
8605:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8588:
8587:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8573:
8572:
8570:
8568:
8567:IFNGR (γ, II)
8564:
8558:
8555:
8552:
8551:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8522:
8521:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8487:
8483:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8448:
8444:
8440:
8436:
8432:
8428:
8424:
8420:
8416:
8412:
8408:
8404:
8400:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8385:Albinterferon
8383:
8380:
8379:
8377:
8375:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8362:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8326:
8325:
8323:
8321:
8317:
8310:
8306:
8305:
8303:
8301:
8297:
8291:
8288:
8285:
8284:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8255:
8254:
8252:
8250:
8246:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8224:
8223:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8189:
8188:
8186:
8184:
8183:GM-CSF (CSF2)
8180:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8168:Pegfilgrastim
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8133:
8132:
8130:
8128:
8124:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8087:Epoetin theta
8085:
8083:
8082:Epoetin omega
8080:
8078:
8077:Epoetin kappa
8075:
8073:
8072:Epoetin gamma
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8062:Epoetin delta
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8022:
8021:
8019:
8017:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8004:
7997:
7993:
7992:
7990:
7988:
7984:
7980:
7977:
7970:
7965:
7963:
7958:
7956:
7951:
7950:
7947:
7934:
7931:
7928:
7927:
7924:
7921:
7918:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7868:
7864:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7839:
7835:
7832:
7829:
7825:
7821:
7817:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7801:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7786:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7771:
7770:
7768:
7764:
7758:
7755:
7752:
7751:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7722:
7721:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7608:
7607:Cyclotraxin B
7605:
7602:
7601:
7597:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7560:
7559:
7557:
7555:
7551:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7520:Larotrectinib
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7475:
7474:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7455:
7454:
7452:
7450:
7446:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7419:Larotrectinib
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7374:
7373:
7370:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7354:Cyclotraxin B
7352:
7350:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7264:Amitriptyline
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7224:
7223:
7221:
7219:
7215:
7209:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7199:
7196:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7144:
7141:
7140:Against TrkA:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7094:Larotrectinib
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7049:
7048:
7045:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7024:Dexamethasone
7022:
7020:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6969:Amitriptyline
6967:
6964:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6946:
6939:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6930:
6926:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6864:
6863:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6844:
6840:
6830:
6827:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6817:
6811:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6801:
6798:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6786:
6780:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6770:
6767:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6759:
6755:
6749:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6739:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6724:
6718:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6692:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6567:
6563:
6559:
6555:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6535:
6531:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6515:
6512:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6443:Dexamethasone
6441:
6439:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6348:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6307:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6285:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6269:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6151:des(1-3)IGF-1
6148:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6127:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6115:Telisotuzumab
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5976:
5973:
5972:Potentiators:
5970:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5945:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5916:
5913:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5862:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5834:Selpercatinib
5832:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5785:
5781:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5739:Selpercatinib
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5648:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5631:Selpercatinib
5629:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5495:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5445:
5441:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5307:Depatuxizumab
5305:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5111:
5108:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5026:
5021:
5019:
5014:
5012:
5007:
5006:
5003:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4812:Ferric maltol
4810:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4758:
4754:
4747:
4742:
4740:
4735:
4733:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4645:Interleukin 3
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4623:
4618:
4616:
4611:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4541:PAH clearance
4539:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4380:
4379:Fluid balance
4376:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4274:Oligopeptides
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4184:
4179:
4177:
4172:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4114:Prostaglandin
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:Hypothalamic–
3388:
3385:
3383:
3377:
3373:
3366:
3361:
3359:
3354:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3329:
3323:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3275:
3270:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3167:(395): pe38.
3166:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3130:(2): 245–59.
3129:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3101:(1): 129–42.
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2908:(5): 445–50.
2907:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2867:(3): 252–61.
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2838:(4): 337–46.
2837:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2733:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2623:
2607:
2603:
2602:www.usada.org
2599:
2592:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2509:
2508:"Silapo EPAR"
2503:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2047:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1900:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1623:(5): 1892–5.
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1584:(2): 139–58.
1583:
1579:
1572:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1328:(4): 517–31.
1327:
1323:
1316:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
971:
966:
959:
957:
953:
949:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
915:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
879:
877:
873:
869:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
842:lineage from
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
820:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
786:
784:
774:
772:
768:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
704:
700:
697:cells in the
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:erythropoetin
626:
620:
515:
501:
497:
493:
490:
486:
476:
471:
468:
464:
458:
453:
449:
442:
436:
432:
429:
423:
417:
413:
410:
406:
399:
393:
389:
386:
380:
374:
370:
367:
365:RefSeq (mRNA)
363:
356:
352:
348:
345:
339:
338:
334:
329:
325:
322:
320:
316:
309:
305:
301:
298:
292:
288:
284:
281:
279:
275:
268:
264:
260:
257:
251:
247:
243:
240:
238:
234:
231:
228:
226:
223:
219:
216:
212:
208:
196:
191:
187:
182:
179:
177:
173:
165:
155:
152:
148:
145:
136:
133:
129:
126:
125:
122:
120:
116:
114:
113:
109:
108:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
64:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
18:Erythropoetin
8991:Lestaurtinib
8982:
8952:
8890:Ritlecitinib
8822:Lestaurtinib
8769:Upadacitinib
8598:Fontolizumab
8589:
8574:
8553:
8542:Rontalizumab
8523:
8381:
8336:Pegacaristim
8327:
8286:
8256:
8249:M-CSF (CSF1)
8229:Mavrilimumab
8225:
8219:Sargramostim
8209:Molgramostim
8194:Ecogramostim
8190:
8163:Nartograstim
8134:
8127:G-CSF (CSF3)
8112:Peginesatide
8096:
8092:Epoetin zeta
8057:Epoetin beta
8052:Epoetin alfa
8023:
7933:Cerebrolysin
7929:
7903:Pleiotrophin
7859:Interleukins
7833:
7772:
7753:
7723:
7642:Fruquintinib
7632:Cabozantinib
7613:
7603:
7561:
7525:Lestaurtinib
7476:
7456:
7424:Lestaurtinib
7375:
7365:
7346:Antagonists:
7345:
7279:Deoxygedunin
7234:3,7,8,2'-THF
7225:
7204:
7195:Against NGF:
7194:
7191:
7147:Against NGF:
7146:
7139:
7136:
7099:Lestaurtinib
7050:
7040:
7034:Testosterone
7016:Antagonists:
7015:
6965:
6865:
6850:
6825:
6806:
6796:
6775:
6765:
6744:
6734:
6713:
6698:
6658:
6573:
6541:
6520:
6511:Against NGF:
6510:
6507:
6463:Against NGF:
6462:
6459:
6453:Testosterone
6435:Antagonists:
6434:
6384:
6354:
6315:
6290:
6279:
6256:Teprotumumab
6217:
6187:
6146:
6095:Ficlatuzumab
6090:Emibetuzumab
6086:
6040:JNJ-38877605
6010:Cabozantinib
5981:
5971:
5960:Fosgonimeton
5955:
5930:
5872:
5850:
5791:
5774:Infigratinib
5770:
5755:
5658:
5575:
5509:Betacellulin
5505:
5488:Seribantumab
5474:
5451:
5410:
5375:
5369:Unknown/none
5368:
5364:
5298:
5223:
5182:Betacellulin
5177:Amphiregulin
5172:
5164:(ErbB1/HER1)
5128:
5100:
5080:
5066:Antagonists:
5065:
5050:
5043:Angiopoietin
4990:Luspatercept
4877:Iron sucrose
4789:Peginesatide
4773:
4765:
4692:
4358:
4249:Solvent drag
4242:Reabsorption
4103:
3897:Thymopoietin
3833:Pineal gland
3818:Somatostatin
3781:Progesterone
3728:Progesterone
3695:Testosterone
3678:Gonadal axis
3650:Thyroid axis
3547:Adrenal axis
3402:Hypothalamus
3327:
3312:
3297:
3224:
3208:
3164:
3160:
3127:
3123:
3098:
3094:
3061:
3057:
3024:
3020:
2995:
2991:
2977:cite journal
2944:
2940:
2905:
2901:
2864:
2860:
2835:
2832:Glycobiology
2831:
2794:
2790:
2763:. Retrieved
2754:
2744:
2732:
2720:. Retrieved
2711:
2702:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2636:(4): 481–6.
2633:
2629:
2622:
2610:. Retrieved
2601:
2591:
2579:. Retrieved
2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2535:
2523:. Retrieved
2511:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2478:
2469:
2457:. Retrieved
2448:
2439:
2427:. Retrieved
2418:
2409:
2397:. Retrieved
2392:
2383:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2220:
2214:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2183:. Retrieved
2174:
2165:
2143:(1): 120–7.
2140:
2136:
2129:
2117:. Retrieved
2108:
2099:
2064:
2058:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1963:
1959:
1921:
1917:
1907:
1888:
1882:
1852:(1): 27–32.
1849:
1845:
1839:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1544:
1538:
1514:10.1038/2965
1505:
1501:
1494:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1423:(6): 663–7.
1420:
1416:
1409:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1299:the original
1285:
1274:
1265:
1254:
1245:
1231:horse racing
1228:
1220:Simona Halep
1203:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1168:
1164:Bo Hamburger
1157:
1142:
1133:epoetin zeta
1130:
1097:
1084:
1081:
1064:bloodletting
1057:
1024:chemotherapy
988:epoetin alfa
984:cell culture
973:
965:
945:
925:renal cortex
921:
912:
885:
876:angiogenesis
872:hypertension
865:
821:
812:erythroblast
797:
783:glycosylated
780:
777:Pharmacology
764:
748:chemotherapy
739:, anemia in
729:epoetin beta
725:epoetin alfa
717:cell culture
707:
680:
658:production (
641:glycoprotein
637:haemopoietin
636:
632:
628:
624:
513:
512:
438:
419:
395:
376:
354:
331:
307:
290:
266:
249:
229:
224:
117:
110:
66:External IDs
29:
9064:Human genes
9001:Quizartinib
8996:Midostaurin
8885:Peficitinib
8847:Ruxolitinib
8842:Peficitinib
8797:Baricitinib
8759:Ruxolitinib
8754:Peficitinib
8749:Oclacitinib
8744:Momelotinib
8729:Baricitinib
8724:Abrocitinib
8632:Interleukin
8590:Antibodies:
8547:Sifalimumab
8532:Faralimomab
8527:Anifrolumab
8524:Antibodies:
8346:Romiplostim
8331:Eltrombopag
8300:SCF (c-Kit)
8226:Antibodies:
8214:Regramostim
8148:Lenograstim
7893:Oncomodulin
7757:Aflibercept
7747:Ranibizumab
7742:Ramucirumab
7732:Bevacizumab
7724:Antibodies:
7682:Regorafenib
7622:Altiratinib
7535:ONO-5390556
7505:Entrectinib
7480:Altiratinib
7434:ONO-5390556
7404:Entrectinib
7379:Altiratinib
7165:Frunevetmab
7137:Antibodies:
7114:ONO-5390556
7079:Entrectinib
7054:Altiratinib
7009:Tavilermide
6904:Quizartinib
6843:SCF (c-Kit)
6667:Ramucirumab
6659:Antibodies:
6632:Quizartinib
6582:Avapritinib
6545:Becaplermin
6481:Frunevetmab
6460:Antibodies:
6363:Trofinetide
6294:Dusigitumab
6291:Antibodies:
6246:Robatumumab
6236:Figitumumab
6231:Dalotuzumab
6226:Cixutumumab
6218:Antibodies:
6110:Rilotumumab
6105:Onartuzumab
6100:Flanvotumab
6087:Antibodies:
6055:PF-04217903
5985:Altiratinib
5948:HGF (c-Met)
5851:Antibodies:
5756:Antibodies:
5478:Duligotumab
5475:Antibodies:
5389:Trastuzumab
5379:Ertumaxomab
5376:Antibodies:
5347:Zalutumumab
5342:Panitumumab
5337:Nimotuzumab
5332:Necitumumab
5322:Imgatuzumab
5299:Antibodies:
5282:Osimertinib
5247:Dacomitinib
5142:Dapiclermin
5101:Antibodies:
5084:Altiratinib
4959:Enarodustat
4949:Daprodustat
4926:Mecobalamin
4899:supplements
4892:Vitamin B12
4582:Natriuresis
4447:Delta ratio
4433:Base excess
4344:Aldosterone
4081:Osteocalcin
4058:Adiponectin
3885:Thymosin α1
3660:Parathyroid
3560:Aldosterone
3463:Vasopressin
3280:PDB gallery
2797:: 7563868.
2581:17 December
2555:17 December
2302:(2): 73–8.
2185:16 December
2119:18 February
1127:Biosimilars
1121:Biosimilars
1060:Paul Carnot
962:Medical use
923:bed of the
870:-dependent
683:fibroblasts
664:bone marrow
82:- orthologs
49:Identifiers
9058:Categories
8986:Emfilermin
8837:Pacritinib
8739:Filgotinib
8705:inhibitors
8593:Emapalumab
8365:Interferon
8290:Agerafenib
8280:Mirimostim
8270:Lanimostim
8204:Milodistim
8153:Leridistim
8138:Filgrastim
7979:modulators
7712:Vandetanib
7677:Rebastinib
7672:Pegaptanib
7662:Nintedanib
7652:Lenvatinib
7617:Agerafenib
7570:Ripretinib
7495:CH-7057288
7394:CH-7057288
7259:7,8,3'-THF
7254:7,8,2'-THF
7180:Ranevetmab
7170:Fulranumab
7124:Rebastinib
7069:CH-7057288
6984:Cenegermin
6869:Agerafenib
6829:Agerafenib
6810:Vandetanib
6779:Vandetanib
6748:Vandetanib
6717:Vandetanib
6662:Olaratumab
6637:Ripretinib
6617:Nintedanib
6602:Lenvatinib
6592:Crenolanib
6577:Agerafenib
6496:Ranevetmab
6486:Fulranumab
6403:Cenegermin
6377:LNGF (p75)
6299:Xentuzumab
6261:Xentuzumab
6206:NVP-AEW541
6201:NVP-ADW742
6196:Linsitinib
6191:BMS-754807
6176:Mecasermin
6075:Tivantinib
6065:PHA-665752
6060:PF-2341066
6030:Golvatinib
6020:Crizotinib
6015:Capmatinib
6005:BMS-777607
6000:Amuvatinib
5876:Ersofermin
5839:Sprifermin
5795:Ersofermin
5744:Sprifermin
5734:Repifermin
5729:Palifermin
5662:Ersofermin
5641:Velafermin
5626:Repifermin
5579:Ersofermin
5498:ErbB4/HER4
5483:Patritumab
5444:ErbB3/HER3
5424:Mubritinib
5384:Pertuzumab
5357:ErbB2/HER2
5287:Vandetanib
5242:Canertinib
5237:Brigatinib
5232:Agerafenib
5212:Nepidermin
5207:Murodermin
5197:Epiregulin
5152:EGF (ErbB)
5110:Nesvacumab
5104:Evinacumab
5094:Rebastinib
5035:modulators
4974:Vadadustat
4969:Roxadustat
4964:Molidustat
4954:Desidustat
4931:Folic acid
4921:Cobamamide
4897:folic acid
4457:Buffering
4385:Body water
4364:Calcitriol
4289:Filtration
4109:Calcitriol
3995:Peptide YY
3645:Calcitonin
3597:Adrenaline
3526:Lipotropin
3521:Endorphins
2765:7 February
2459:30 October
2208:: 384–386.
1375:: 163–89.
1305:20 January
1237:References
1190:submaximal
1125:See also:
1077:hematocrit
121:(ortholog)
9074:Cytokines
9011:Sunitinib
9006:Sorafenib
8915:ZM-449829
8905:WHI-P 154
8895:TCS-21311
8832:NSC-33994
8787:Atiprimod
8575:Agonists:
8557:Bifarcept
8382:Agonists:
8328:Agonists:
8260:Cilmostim
8257:Agonists:
8234:Namilumab
8191:Agonists:
8135:Agonists:
8024:Agonists:
7987:Chemokine
7737:Icrucumab
7717:WHI-P 154
7707:Tivozanib
7702:Toceranib
7697:Sunitinib
7692:Sorafenib
7687:Semaxanib
7667:Pazopanib
7657:Motesanib
7647:Lapatinib
7637:Cediranib
7575:Telbermin
7562:Agonists:
7510:GZ-389988
7490:CE-245677
7457:Agonists:
7409:GZ-389988
7389:CE-245677
7289:Diosmetin
7226:Agonists:
7192:Aptamers:
7185:Tanezumab
7160:Fasinumab
7104:Milciclib
7084:GZ-389988
7064:CE-245677
6966:Agonists:
6919:Toceranib
6914:Sunitinib
6909:Sorafenib
6899:Pazopanib
6894:Nilotinib
6889:Masitinib
6879:Dasatinib
6851:Agonists:
6797:Agonists:
6766:Agonists:
6735:Agonists:
6707:Liatermin
6699:Agonists:
6682:RET (GFL)
6672:Tovetumab
6652:Toceranib
6647:Sorafenib
6642:Sunitinib
6627:Radotinib
6622:Pazopanib
6612:Motesanib
6607:Masitinib
6542:Agonists:
6508:Aptamers:
6501:Tanezumab
6476:Fasinumab
6385:Agonists:
6241:Ganitumab
6161:IGF-1 LR3
6080:Volitinib
6035:INCB28060
6025:Foretinib
5931:Agonists:
5915:Trafermin
5873:Agonists:
5854:Burosumab
5844:Trafermin
5792:Agonists:
5759:Aprutumab
5749:Trafermin
5711:10 (KGF2)
5659:Agonists:
5636:Trafermin
5616:10 (KGF2)
5576:Agonists:
5506:Agonists:
5452:Agonists:
5434:Tucatinib
5429:Neratinib
5419:Lapatinib
5327:Matuzumab
5317:Futuximab
5302:Cetuximab
5292:WHI-P 154
5277:Neratinib
5272:Lapatinib
5262:Grandinin
5257:Gefitinib
5252:Erlotinib
5129:Agonists:
5089:CE-245677
5051:Agonists:
4443:Anion gap
4218:Clearance
4211:Secretion
4201:Creating
3880:Thymosins
3841:Melatonin
3723:Estradiol
3570:Cortisone
3496:Prolactin
3393:pituitary
3380:Endocrine
2612:26 August
2091:221540765
1058:In 1905,
1028:radiation
929:pericytes
840:erythroid
817:apoptosis
709:Exogenous
676:hypoxemia
662:) in the
215:Orthologs
71:GeneCards
9048:Medicine
8910:ZM-39923
8827:NSC-7908
8792:AZD-1480
8683:instead.
8663:instead.
8643:instead.
8619:instead.
8537:MEDI-545
8311:instead.
8239:Otilimab
8042:CNTO-530
7998:instead.
7919:instead)
7908:Renalase
7869:instead)
7840:instead)
7787:instead)
7627:Axitinib
7596:D (FIGF)
7540:PLX-7486
7530:ONO-4474
7485:AZD-6918
7439:PLX-7486
7429:ONO-4474
7384:AZD-6918
7366:Ligands:
7284:Deprenyl
7244:7,3'-DHF
7175:MEDI-578
7155:ASP-6294
7119:PLX-7486
7109:ONO-4474
7059:AZD-6918
7019:ALE-0540
6940:instead.
6884:Imatinib
6874:Axitinib
6854:Ancestim
6819:Unsorted
6597:Imatinib
6587:Axitinib
6491:MEDI-578
6471:ASP-6294
6438:ALE-0540
6280:Agonists
6221:AVE-1642
6147:Agonists
6070:SU-11274
5956:Agonists
5934:FGF15/19
5924:Unsorted
5889:2 (bFGF)
5808:2 (bFGF)
5675:2 (bFGF)
5592:2 (bFGF)
5414:Afatinib
5365:Agonists
5267:Icotinib
5227:Afatinib
5173:Agonists
4637:CFU-GEMM
4332:Hormones
4259:Chloride
4073:Skeleton
4063:Resistin
3962:Secretin
3944:Duodenum
3902:Thymulin
3803:Glucagon
3795:Pancreas
3776:Estrogen
3758:Placenta
3565:Cortisol
3458:Oxytocin
3420:Dopamine
3372:Hormones
3189:43566459
3181:17636183
3152:46380760
3144:15389732
3115:15183662
3078:15142852
3049:46246546
3041:15053948
3012:12477950
2969:33343853
2961:12381912
2932:46866485
2924:12207089
2889:13546958
2881:12192960
2823:33178833
2759:Archived
2716:Archived
2712:ESPN.com
2694:28669689
2650:17668232
2606:Archived
2575:Archived
2549:Archived
2519:Archived
2486:Archived
2453:Archived
2429:20 April
2399:20 April
2393:DailyMed
2239:64571745
2179:Archived
2157:23064018
2113:Archived
2083:32894987
2037:21078592
1988:37331032
1980:17253966
1940:27884833
1874:38309595
1823:13418752
1780:26349059
1731:24592241
1680:20124513
1639:16249375
1598:17656101
1530:24052881
1486:10318834
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