Essen - Knowledge

5316: 2257: 5684: 5340: 3989: 4253: 5611:, this quarter was developed just south-east of the city centre. Large green zones, forming broad urban ventilation lanes and incorporating sporting and playing areas and high quality architecture – invariably in the style of Reform Architecture, combine to create a unique example worldwide of modern town planning. It reflects reformative ideas and dates from the early part of the 20th century. The Moltkeviertel continues to be a much sought-after area for residential, educational, health care and small-scale commercial purposes. On the Moltkeplatz, the quarter's largest square, an ensemble of high quality contemporary art is maintained and cared for by local residents. 1960: 5569: 86: 5388: 4864: 234: 5711: 5699: 3917: 5328: 4277: 5352: 4635: 797: 5515: 2076: 4239: 9690: 5200: 3872: 5304: 68: 5771: 4596: 4703: 111: 4962: 4840: 5098: 4265: 4608: 5212: 2755: 4581: 786: 122: 5795: 4001: 5723: 4358: 5529: 202: 5666: 5224: 4346: 529: 5581: 5017: 4083: 3902: 3947: 5086: 4852: 3887: 4990: 5747: 3962: 4095: 4071: 5074: 5005: 5759: 3977: 4379: 1011:. Its average annual temperature is 10 °C (50 °F): 13.3 °C (56 °F) during the day and 6.7 °C (44 °F) at night. The average annual precipitation is 934 mm (37 in). The coldest month of the year is January, when the average temperature is 2.4 °C (36 °F). The warmest months are July and August, with an average temperature of 18 °C (64 °F). The record high is 36.6 °C (98 °F) and the record low is −24 °C (−11 °F). 75: 4620: 4888: 1660: 4876: 5735: 3932: 5543: 3299: 2364: 773: 2060: 836: 5376: 5364: 93: 5487: 740: 173: 4976: 5783: 4567: 858: 4017: 2155: 508: 104: 825: 762: 163: 5062: 5050: 847: 751: 8331: 1836: 5557: 812: 5501: 5188: 3309: 57: 6493: 3272: 3253: 3195: 3184: 3129: 3054: 3043: 3019: 3008: 2981: 2957: 2946: 2922: 2911: 2887: 2876: 2852: 2841: 2817: 2806: 5601:

each one. Although originally designed as an area for the lower classes with quite small flats, the old part Margarethenhöhe I has developed into a middle class residential area and housing space has become highly sought after. A new part, Margarehenhöhe II, was built in the 1960s and 1970s but is architecturally inferior and especially the multi-storey buildings are still considered social hot spots.

2325: 241: 209: 5240: 4935:, which is located directly within the pedestrian precinct, is often mistakenly referred to as the cathedral. The cathedral treasury, however, ranks amongst the most important in Germany since only few art works have been lost over the centuries. The most precious exhibit, located within the cathedral, is the 4538:

late-night lines only). The Stadtbahn and Straßenbahn operate on total route lengths of 19.6 kilometres (12.2 mi) and 52.4 kilometres (32.6 mi), respectively. One tram line and a few bus lines coming from neighboring cities are operated by these cities' respective carriers. The U-Stadtbahn,

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With the A 40/A 52 in the southern parts of the city and the A 42 in the north, there is a gap in the motorway system often leading to congestion on streets leading from the central to the northern boroughs. An extension of the A 52 to connect the Essen-Ost junction with the A 42 to close this gap is

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Margarethenhöhe: Founded by Margarethe Krupp in 1906, the garden city with its 3092 units in 935 buildings on an area of 115 ha (284.2 acres) (of which 50 ha are woodland) is considered the first of its kind in Germany. All buildings follow the same stylistic concept, with slight variations for

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two consecutive times, for 2016 and 2017, winning for 2017. The city was singled out for its exemplary practices in protecting and enhancing nature and biodiversity and efforts to reduce water consumption. Essen participates in a variety of networks and initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

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In the south of the city, the boroughs of Kettwig and Werden exceptionally stand for towns once of their own, which have been annexed in 1929 (Werden) and 1975 (Kettwig), respectively, and which have largely preserved their pre-annexation character. While most of the northern boroughs were heavily

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The first historic evidence of the important mining tradition of Essen date back to the 14th century, when the princess-abbess was granted mining rights. The first silver mine opened in 1354, but the indisputably more important coal was not mentioned until 1371, and coal mining only began in 1450.

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family's iron works—became one of Germany's most important coal and steel centers. Essen, until the 1970s, attracted workers from all over the country; it was the fifth-largest city in Germany between 1929 and 1988, peaking at over 730,000 inhabitants in 1962. Following the region-wide decline of

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Essen offers a highly diversified health care system with more than 1,350 resident doctors and almost 6,000 beds in 13 hospitals, including a university hospital. The university hospital dates back to 1909, when the city council established a municipal hospital; although it was largely destroyed

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in 1377. However, in 1372, Charles had paradoxically endorsed Rudolph I's 1290 decision and hence left both the abbey and the city in imperial favour. Disputes between the city and the abbey about supremacy over the region remained common until the abbey's dissolution in 1803. Many lawsuits were

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of bombs on the city. Over 270 air raids were launched against the city, destroying 90% of the centre and 60% of the suburbs. On 5 March 1943 Essen was subjected to one of the heaviest air-raids of the war. 461 people were killed, 1,593 injured and a further 50,000 residents of Essen were made

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and has a local body of nineteen members with limited authority. Most of the boroughs were originally independent municipalities but were gradually annexed from 1901 to 1975. This long-lasting process of annexation has led to a strong identification of the population with "their" boroughs or

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in 1949. A notable exception was made in 2007, when Berthold Beitz, the president of the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation received honorary citizenship for his long lasting commitment to the city. The following list contains all honorary citizens of the city of Essen:

2031:. In 1624, a "re-Catholicization" law was enacted, and churchgoing was strictly controlled. In 1628, the city council filed against this at the Reichskammergericht. Maria had to flee to Cologne when the Dutch stormed the city in 1629. She returned in the summer of 1631 following the 2177:. On the morning of 31 March 1923, the culmination of this French-German confrontation occurred when a small French military command, occupied the Krupp car hall to seize several vehicles. This event caused 13 deaths and 28 injured. The occupation of the Ruhr ended in summer 1925. 4547:

systems with 20 underground stations for the U-Stadtbahn and additional four underground stations used by the tram. Two lines of the U-Stadtbahn are completely intersection-free and hence independent from other traffic, and the U18 line leading from Mülheim main station to the

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nobility. This abbey was not an abbey in the ordinary sense, but rather intended as a residence and educational institution for the daughters and widows of the higher nobility; led by an abbess, the members other than the abbess herself were not obliged to take vows of

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Around 852, construction of the collegiate church of the abbey began, to be completed in 870. A major fire in 946 heavily damaged both the church and the settlement. The church was rebuilt, expanded considerably, and is the foundation of the present Essen Cathedral.

1927:, took charge of the abbey. She was to become the most important of all abbesses in the history of Essen. She reigned for over 40 years, and endowed the abbey's treasury with invaluable objects such as the oldest preserved seven branched candelabrum, and the 7089:" (Excerpt from the compilation of monthly reports of the Deputy Commanding Generals to the Prussian War Ministry concerning the morale of the population). 3 March 1917, no. 230/17 g. B. 6., Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe, Abt. 456, vol. 70. Reprinted in 7889: 1947:, and Teophanu, granddaughter of Otto II. It was under the reign of Teophanu that Essen, which had been called a city since 1003, received the right to hold markets in 1041. Ten years later, Teophanu had the eastern part of Essen Abbey constructed. Its 5617:: With a total area of 70 ha (173.0 acres), the park near the exhibition halls is one of the largest urban parks in Germany and, although entry is not free of charge, one of the most popular recreational sites of the city. It includes the city's 2008:, one of them lasting almost 200 years. The final decision of the court in 1670 was that the city had to be "duly obedient in dos and don'ts" to the abbesses but could maintain its old rights—a decision that did not really solve any of the problems. 3356:. People tend to connect the sword in the left shield with one found in the Cathedral Treasury. This sword, however, is much more recent. A slightly modified and more heraldically correct version of the coat of arms can be found on the roof of the 2103:

founded Germany's first cast-steel factory in Essen and laid the cornerstone for what was to be the largest enterprise in Europe for a couple of decades. The weapon factories in Essen became so important that a sign facing the

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The lowest point can be found in the northern borough of Karnap at 26.5 m (86.9 ft), the highest point in the borough of Heidhausen at 202.5 m (664 ft). The average elevation is 116 m (381 ft).

1987:, marched into the city and erected a city wall together with the population. This proved a temporary emancipation of the population of the city from the princess-abbesses, but this lasted only until 1290. That year, King 4789:

is the city's most famous landmark. For decades, the coal mine (current form mainly from 1932, closed in 1986) and the coking plant (closed in 1993) ranked among the largest of their kinds in Europe. Shaft XII, built in

890:(i.e., belonging to a district), with a total population of approximately 1.4 million. The city extends over 21 km (13 mi) from north to south and 17 km (11 mi) from west to east, mainly north of the 4676:

and which had not been substantially renovated over decades, will be redeveloped with a budget of €57 million until early 2010. Other important stations in Essen, where regional and local traffic are connected, are the

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installed a new mayor and a municipal constitution modeled on that of British cities. Later, the city council was again elected by the population. The mayor was elected by the council as its head and as the city's main

4732:: EDLE). While the first flights had already arrived in 1919, it was officially opened on 25 August 1925. Significantly expanded in 1935, Essen/Mülheim became the central airport of the Ruhr area until the end of the 4487:

considered urgent; it has been planned for years but not yet been realized – most importantly due to the high-density areas this extension would lead through, resulting in high costs and concerns with the citizens.

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borders this city. In 1960, the population reached its historical peak of over 720,000 (Essen was the fifth largest German city at that time) due to its booming industrial era of the Ruhr Area and the West German

6802: 4507:(VRR) association of public transport companies in the Ruhr area, which provides a uniform fare structure in the whole region. Within the VRR region, tickets are valid on lines of all members as well as DB's 2027:, the Protestant city and the Catholic abbey opposed each other. In 1623, princess-abbess Maria Clara von Spaur, Pflaum und Valör, managed to direct Catholic Spaniards against the city in order to initiate a 3852:

announced that, after restructuring and splitting off its conventional electricity generation division (coal, gas, atomic energy), it will move its headquarters to Essen in 2016, becoming a sole provider of

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Opened in 1913, the then-New Synagogue served as the central meeting place of Essen's pre-war Jewish community. The building ranks as one of the largest and most impressive testimonies of Jewish culture in

7036: 5411:& Co. The Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation is the sole funder of the €55 million project which was completed in early 2010. After its re-opening, it also hosts the collection of the 1753:

have also been found, although these are not overly numerous. Land utilization was very high—especially due to mining activities during the Industrial Age—and any more major finds, especially from the

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in 2001, the complex, which had lain idle for a long time and was even threatened to be demolished, began to see a period of redevelopment. Under the direction of an agency borne by the land of

7521: 4756:. The latter then developed into the large civil airport that it is now, while Essen/Mülheim now mainly serves occasional air traffic (some 33,000 passengers each year), the base of a fleet of 4649:

system is being held since 1980. Many Ruhrbahn rail lines meet at the main station but only a handful of bus lines. However, all but one of the Night Express bus lines originate from / lead to

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Germany. In post-war Germany, the former house of worship was bought by the city, used as an exhibition hall and later rededicated as a cultural meeting centre and house of Jewish culture.

7741: 4291:, which resulted from a 2003 merger of the universities of Essen and Duisburg, is one of Germany's "youngest" universities with about 42,000 Students. One of its primary research areas is 2200:

During the Nazi era, tens of thousands of slave laborers were forced to work in 350 Essen forced labour camps. Here, they did mining work and worked for companies like Krupp and Siemens.

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area. It is one of the arterial roads of the Ruhr area (> 140,000 vehicles/day) and suffers from heavy congestion during rush hours, which is why many people in the area nicknamed it

4833:, a museum dedicated to the history of the Ruhr area, which had been existing since 1904, opened its gates as one of the anchor attractions in the former coal-washing facility in 2010. 2404:

but had to abandon this privilege later on. Between the early 15th and 20th centuries, the political system of Essen underwent several changes, most importantly the introduction of the

9538: 7546: 1704:, adding to the confusion). Although scholars still dispute the interpretation of the name, there remain a few noteworthy interpretations. The oldest known form of the city's name is 3349:, granted to the city in 1623. The sinister (heraldically left) escutcheon is one of the oldest emblems of Essen and shows a sword that people believed was used to behead the city's 6678: 5683: 6956: 6336: 5407:: One of the Ruhr area's major art collections, mainly from the 19th and 20th centuries. Major parts of the museum have recently been rebuilt and expanded according to plans by 7601: 4919:. The first church on the premises dates back to between 845 and 870; the current church was constructed after a former church had burnt down in 1275. However, the important 4810:

and the city itself, several arts and design institutions settled mainly on the grounds of the former coal mine; a redevelopment plan for the coking plant is to be realised.

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and four districts with some 5.3 million inhabitants. The city limits of Essen itself are 87 km (54 mi) long and border ten cities, five independent and five

5439:: Home of the Essen Philharmonic Orchestra, completely renovated in 2003/2004. Critics have repeatedly voted the Essen Philharmonic as Germany's Orchestra of the Year. 4064:, held every two years. Important fairs restricted to professionals include "Security" (security and fire protection), IPM (gardening) and E-World (energy and water). 8235: 3841:

had originally established their German headquarters in Essen (around 1930), where it remained until 2003, when it was moved to the capital Berlin. In light of the

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is by far the largest event held there. It has been described as "the showcase event of the year for the tuning community" and as the German version of the annual

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The Essen city council governs the city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:

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restored the princess-abbesses to full sovereignty over the city, much to the dismay of the population of the growing city, who called for self-administration and

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In 2017, the public transport organization of Mülheim, the Mülheimer Verkehrsgesellschaft (MVG) and the Essener Verkehrsgesellschaft (EVAG) merged and became the

7943: 7627: 7033: 4138: 2243: 8255: 6997: 6794: 9531: 6652: 4151: 8365: 8250: 8190: 6623: 6318: 4402:(Ruhr expressway, A 40), which runs directly through the city, dividing it roughly in half. In a west-eastern direction, the A 40 connects the Dutch city of 8295: 8265: 5339: 8145: 2232: 623:

Essen is seat to several of the region's authorities, as well as to eight of the 100 largest publicly held German corporations by revenue, including three

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Auszug aus der Zusammenstellung der Monatsberichte der stellv. Generalkommandos an das preußische Kriegsministerium betr. die allgemeine Stimmung im Volke

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became the reference clock for the whole Krupp enterprise; every clock was to be set with a maximum difference of half a minute. It even acquired its own

3988: 1708:, which changed to Essen by way of forms such as Astnidum, Assinde, Essendia and Esnede. The name Astnide may have referred either to a region where many 8320: 8285: 8260: 8160: 8150: 6606: 6518:, is the home stadium for Rot-Weiß, is located in the north of Essen. Rot-Weiss Essen is playing in the third tier of the German football league system, 923:) are quite green and are often quoted as examples of rural structures in the otherwise relatively densely populated central Ruhr area. According to the 8305: 4252: 9987: 8245: 8225: 8210: 8180: 8140: 6397: 3357: 1780: 7510: 6298:

The city of Essen has been awarding honorary citizenships since 1879 but has (coincidentally) discontinued this tradition after the foundation of the

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to the abbey. Another document, describing the foundation of the abbey and allegedly dating back to 870, is now considered an 11th-century forgery.

8175: 8155: 7263: 7159: 7059:"NRW 2000 – Epoche des Nationalsozialismus – Einleitung – Hitler und Mussolini besuchen die "Waffenschmiede des Reiches" und die Krupp-Werke Essen" 6624:"Bevölkerung der Gemeinden Nordrhein-Westfalens am 31. Dezember 2023 – Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes auf Basis des Zensus vom 9. Mai 2011" 6452:, which Berthold Beitz, for example, had already received in 1983. Other bearers of the Ring of Honour include Essen's former Lord Mayor and later 6379: 5665: 5654:

and ship tours. The hilly and only lightly developed forest area around the lake, from which the Kettwig area is easily reachable, is popular with

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At the end of the 16th century, many coal mines had opened in Essen, and the city earned a name as a centre of the weapons industry. Around 1570,

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net's 13 lines, 5 lines lead through Essen territory and meet at the Essen Hauptbahnhof main station, which also serves as the connection to the

4224:(Folkwang Academy). In 2010 the institution began offering graduate studies and was renamed Folkwang University of the Arts. This coincided with 3688: 898: 591: 9885: 6732: 5698: 4295:(i.e., sustainable development, logistics and transportation), a theme largely inspired by the highly urbanised Ruhr area. Other fields include 8300: 8230: 8205: 7710: 6854: 2131: 7650: 4798:

area, is considered an architectural and technical masterpiece, earning it a reputation as the "most beautiful coal mine in the world". After

4122:), a five-minute afternoon news programme, and several radio news programmes. A local broadcasting station went on air in the late 1990s. The 1672:

In German-speaking countries, the name of the city Essen often causes confusion as to its origins, because it has the same form as the German

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in a star-shaped manner. All Ruhrbahn lines, including the Night Express lines, are closed on weekdays from 1:30 a.m. to 4:30 a.m.

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As with most communes in the Ruhr area, local transport is carried out by a local, publicly owned company for transport within the city, the

580: 571:. Because of its central location in the Ruhr, Essen is often regarded as the Ruhr's "secret capital". Two rivers flow through the city: the 233: 9915: 7306: 1791: 635:, Germany's largest energy providers, both headquartered in the city. Essen is also known for its impact on the arts through the respected 7448: 6674: 4931:. The cathedral is located in the centre of the city which evolved around it. It is not spectacular in appearance and the adjacent church 9021: 5293:

Kettwig, which was annexed in 1975, much to the dismay of the population that still struggles for independence, was mainly shaped by the

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On the grounds of the coal mine and the coking plant, which are both accessible free of charge while paid guided tours (some with former

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family's representative seat. The city's land register solely lists the property, which at times had a staff of up to 640 people, as a

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made high profits and in 1620, they produced 14,000 rifles and pistols a year. The city became increasingly important strategically.

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found in 1937. Simply called Steinkiste (Chest of Stone), it is referred to as "Essen's earliest preserved example of architecture".

5327: 9982: 9940: 8064: 7598: 7181: 7142: 6560:, currently called the ETB Wohnbau Baskets for sponsorship reasons. The team is one of the main teams in Germany's second division 2351:

still promote the well-being of the city, for example by supporting a hospital and donating €55,000,000 for a new building for the

7809: 7678: 7367: 6710: 5121:, the 269-room mansion (8,100 m or 87,190 sq ft) and the surrounding park of 28 ha (69.2 acres) served as the 4126:

is one of the most important (print) media companies in Europe and publishes the Ruhr area's two most important daily newspapers,

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and the mayor became both main representative and administrative head. In addition, the population now elects the mayor directly.

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In 1216, the abbey, which had only been an important landowner until then, gained the status of a princely residence when Emperor

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and destinations to most major European cities. It was heavily damaged during the war, yet partly reconstructed and used by the

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The road network of Essen consists of over 3,200 streets, which in total have a length of roughly 1,600 km (994 mi).

4238: 3871: 2436: 2316:. On 8 March 1946, a German Army Officer and a civilian were hanged for the lynching of three British Airmen in December 1944. 2306: 9516: 6764: 7480: 7347:

World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946

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Riots broke out in February 1917 following a breakdown in the supply of flour. There were then strikes in the Krupp factory.

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for regional transport and Deutsche Bahn itself for long-distance journeys. The local carrier, Ruhrbahn, is a member of the

3886: 9950: 8351: 7576: 7058: 6422: 6048: 5178: 2683: 2344: 2226: 564: 7097:(Military and Domestic Policy in the World War, 1914–1918). 2 volumes. Düsseldorf: Droste, 1970, vol. 2, pp. 666–667. 9930: 9490: 6832: 4989: 3064: 2440: 5387: 4276: 9890: 9698: 7853: 7774: 7211: 7106: 5181:

Foundation (major shareholder of Thyssen-Krupp) and was opened for concerts and sporadic yet high-profile exhibitions.

4184:, a university of the arts founded in 1927, which is headquartered in Essen and has additional facilities in Duisburg, 2827: 2557: 2309:, acting as regular infantry and not in a parachute role, entered the city unopposed and captured it on 10 April 1945. 7950: 7624: 4310:, a university of applied sciences with over 6,000 students and branches in 15 other major cities throughout Germany. 9935: 9900: 9495: 7333: 6994: 919:

dredged it with primitive tools. Generally, large areas south of the River Ruhr (including the suburbs of Schuir and

472: 7835: 7325: 6648: 3916: 2421: 2248: 9905: 6341: 5247:, annexed in 1975. Despite its industrial history, Essen is generally regarded as one of Germany's greenest cities. 4961: 2432: 2296: 1968: 5351: 4519:

networks) and can be bought at ticket machines and service centres of Ruhrbahn, all other members of VRR, and DB.

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and an old and probably abandoned castle. Whereas Werden Abbey sought to support Liudger's missionary work in the

988: 9500: 9014: 6465: 5097: 4908: 4457: 4244: 4128: 3285: 2967: 2741: 2647: 972: 656: 636: 9992: 4839: 4345: 3813:, the logistics division of Deutsche Bahn. Other major companies include Germany's largest construction company 3330:

instead of a heraldic crown. The crown, however, does not refer to the city of Essen itself, but instead to the

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beginning in the mid-19th century. Essen reached a population of 100,000 in 1896. Other industrialists, such as

5297:. The most southern borough of Essen is also the city's largest (with regard to area) and presumably greenest. 4619: 4595: 4580: 3946: 2000: 682: 201: 6603: 5994: 4357: 9625: 9342: 5722: 5514: 5303: 4264: 4082: 9878: 9620: 9322: 8057: 6523: 5622: 4948: 4288: 4094: 4070: 3842: 1944: 1757:

era, are not expected. Finds from 3,000 BC and onwards are far more common, the most important one being a

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In 1563, the city council, with its self-conception as the only legitimate ruler of Essen, introduced the

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Resident in Essen since the 16th century, the Krupp family dynasty and Essen shaped each other. In 1811,

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heavy industries in the last decades of the 20th century, the city has seen the development of a strong

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was carried out by the invasion of French and Belgian troops into the Ruhr. The French Prime Minister,

1924: 486: 339: 85: 5363: 5211: 3326:) and consists of two separate shields under a single crown. Most other coats of arms of cities use a 9805: 7453: 6210: 5150: 5004: 4794:

style, with its characteristic winding tower, which over the years has become a symbol for the whole

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network of regional and nationwide high-speed trains, respectively. Following Essen's appointment as

4323:, it was later rebuilt, and finally gained the title of a university hospital in 1963. It focuses on 2472: 2042:

The war proved a severe blow to the city, with frequent arrests, kidnapping and rape. Even after the

1920: 5976: 5445:: Situated in a former Krupp factory building at the fringe of the central pedestrian precinct, the 4887: 3318:

The coat of arms of the city of Essen is a heraldic peculiarity. Granted in 1886, it is a so-called

915:. The lake, a popular recreational area, dates from 1931 to 1933, when some thousands of unemployed 7654: 5223: 5073: 4143: 3931: 3634:

and the 10th largest city in Germany. Essen has also the largest urban density with cities such as

3353: 964: 543:, the largest urban area in Germany. Its population of 586,608 makes it the fourth-largest city of 523: 8005: 7131: 4721: 4706: 8050: 6418: 6204: 6096: 5898: 4981: 4975: 4967: 4936: 4540: 4433:

briefly touches Essen territory, serving as an interconnection between the neighboring cities of

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The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:

2467: 1928: 1857:) in the centre of present-day Essen. The first abbess was Altfrid's relative Gerswit (see also: 1850: 1003:). Without large mountains and the presence of inland seas, it ends up extending a predominantly 879: 643:

industrial product design award. In early 2003, the universities of Essen and the nearby city of

460: 9736: 7303: 6862: 6132: 5782: 1979:) in an official letter. In 1244, 28 years later, Essen received its town charter and seal when 9548: 9546: 8573: 7458: 6433: 6356: 6323: 6216: 6108: 6060: 5943: 5746: 5174: 4807: 4745: 4717: 4336: 4111: 3672: 3115: 2862: 2665: 2575: 2488: 2476: 2405: 2265: 2166: 2012: 932: 928: 719: 668:

Founded around 845, Essen remained a small town within the sphere of influence of an important

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Essen comprises fifty boroughs which in turn are grouped into nine suburban districts (called

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and the oldest free-standing sculpture north of the Alps. Other exhibits include the alleged

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on its own grounds a few kilometers south. The region was sparsely populated with only a few

1746: 695:, which had once been the largest of its kind in Europe. Ultimately closed in 1993, both the 431: 7921: 6511: 4765: 4753: 4566: 9872: 9855: 9840: 9800: 9790: 9741: 9689: 9181: 6503: 6453: 5844: 5734: 5597: 5033: 4875: 4557: 4422:

standards, so that the A 40 is hidden from public view in the inner-city district near the

4300: 3331: 3170: 2190: 2174: 2024: 1988: 610: 441: 334: 9756: 8025: 5646:, situated in the south of the city, is another popular recreational area. It is used for 5256:

and often lost their historic town centres; the more southern parts got off more lightly.

4056:, the world's biggest consumer fair for tabletop gaming, and one of the leading fairs for 2292:

to divert Allied airstrikes from the actual production site of the arms factory in Essen.

8: 9830: 9780: 9716: 7748:(in German). Essener Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft (EVAG). 31 December 2009. Archived from 7241: 6414: 6402: 6261: 6162: 6024: 5486: 5470: 5287: 4803: 4684: 4213: 4181: 4162:, both of which had been independent weekly newspapers for parts of Essen. Additionally, 4045: 3362: 2237: 2043: 2028: 2005: 1810: 1785: 708: 652: 9775: 9721: 5061: 5049: 4702: 2170: 2075: 9850: 9751: 9746: 8240: 7813: 7675: 6935: 6700: 6569: 6273: 5925: 5886: 5408: 5126: 4650: 4625: 4572: 4423: 4037: 3720: 3368: 2932: 2611: 2413: 2401: 2105: 1996: 1992: 1726: 1007:

is found in Essen, usually a little more extreme and drier in other continents in such

931:

and the third-greenest city in Germany. The city has been shortlisted for the title of

9785: 9649: 9241: 6180: 5500: 5286:

in 1993, while the main building of the former abbey today is the headquarters of the

67: 9820: 9726: 9711: 9706: 9392: 9277: 8036: 7586: 7284: 6543: 6384: 6308: 6084: 5988: 5534: 5442: 4729: 4725: 4665: 4657: 4553: 4516: 4476: 4464: 4445: 4430: 4399: 4394: 4382: 3952: 3822: 3676: 3648: 3346: 2335:

Although weaponry is no longer produced in Essen, old industrial enterprises such as

1866: 1695: 1653: 1591: 1543: 963:, located south of the Ruhr River, and which was not annexed until 1975, has its own 310: 162: 5892: 5856: 4687:, Kray and Steele. Further 20 S-Bahn stations can be found in the whole urban area. 3798:

and originates from a 1999 merger between Duisburg-based Thyssen AG and Essen-based

927:, Essen with 9.2% of its area covered by recreational green is the greenest city in 110: 9860: 9835: 9825: 9815: 9770: 9761: 9397: 8893: 8085: 6527: 6457: 6373: 6249: 6234: 6228: 6012: 5952: 5910: 5618: 5294: 5253: 5187: 4769: 4737: 4733: 4661: 4332: 4163: 4123: 4033: 3854: 3846: 3803: 3323: 2754: 2444: 2285: 2209: 2135: 2113: 1773: 883: 785: 627:-listed corporations. Essen is often considered the energy capital of Germany with 617: 596: 322: 8999: 8813: 6444: – president of the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation 6267: 6186: 5880: 4556:. The Essen Stadtbahn is one of the Stadtbahn systems integrated into the greater 4216:

also in Essen. The Folkwang University is home to the international dance company

2312:

After the successful invasion of Germany by the allies, Essen was assigned to the

2193:

was sacked, but remained through the whole war in the exterior almost intact. The

971:, whereas all other boroughs of Essen and some neighbouring cities constitute the 9845: 9795: 8673: 8493: 7682: 7636: 7631: 7605: 7581: 7421: 7329: 7310: 7291: 7138: 7120: 7040: 7001: 6939: 6610: 6584: 6580: 6507: 6461: 6279: 6255: 6198: 6144: 6126: 6066: 5970: 5690: 5506: 5462: 5452: 5404: 5158: 4761: 4586: 4527: 4480: 3714: 3145: 2381: 2368: 2352: 2269: 2194: 2100: 1713: 1004: 984: 422: 7062: 6553:, with a handball team that have won several national and international titles. 4821:) are available, several tourist attractions can be found, most importantly the 4415: 4303:

and "education in the 21st century". Another university in Essen is the private

954:) often named after the most important boroughs. Each Stadtbezirk is assigned a 121: 9977: 9422: 8343: 7704: 7610: 7433: 6441: 6347: 6240: 6222: 6150: 6138: 6090: 5651: 5633: 5607:(Moltke Quarter): from 1908 on, following reformative plans of the city deputy 5548: 5476: 5283: 4531: 4305: 4296: 4118:

area. Each day, it produces a 30-minute regional evening news magazine (called

3620:

Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. Source:

2425: 2417: 2400:, one of whom was placed in charge of the treasury. In 1377, Essen was granted 2385: 2139: 903: 669: 614: 585: 9442: 8943: 6824: 5168: 5118: 137: 9966: 9610: 9191: 9186: 8798: 8315: 8280: 8125: 8115: 7090: 6531: 6515: 6496: 6360: 6168: 6030: 5982: 5937: 5868: 5850: 5838: 5832: 5826: 5604: 5520: 5492: 5436: 5422: 4940: 4544: 4500: 4438: 4378: 4057: 3639: 2201: 2186: 1932: 1839: 1796: 1422: 955: 777: 676:, until the onset of industrialization. The city then—especially through the 283: 270: 141: 133: 74: 9600: 9090: 7778: 7264:"bomber command | mines laid | flight august | 1945 | 1571 | Flight Archive" 6192: 4552:

station at the gates of the city centre partly runs above ground amidst the

4468: 2212:

for his role in this but was pardoned by the US in 1951. There were several

552: 9372: 9161: 8978: 8513: 8105: 8100: 7018:

Essen vor der Geschichte – Die Archäologie der Stadt bis zum 9. Jahrhundert

6737: 6481: 6285: 6174: 6114: 6102: 6078: 6072: 6054: 6042: 6000: 5964: 5904: 5643: 5264: 5114: 5040: 4508: 4320: 4193: 3877: 3834: 3802:. The largest company registered only in Essen is Germany's second-largest 3791: 3350: 3334: 2534: 2500: 2463: 2455: 2393: 2336: 2301:

The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Essen in April 1945. The US

2217: 2117: 2109: 1935:

in the western world. Mathilde was succeeded by other women related to the

1873: 1869: 1740: 1687: 1677: 1659: 912: 891: 840: 696: 576: 368: 149: 9402: 9312: 9307: 8913: 8758: 8543: 3341:

under the reign of the princess-abbesses. The dexter (heraldically right)

1790:

castle in the south of Essen dates back to the eighth century, the nearby

9287: 8954: 8653: 8420: 7839: 7322: 7111: 7045: 6705: 6550: 6156: 6006: 5931: 5272: 5134: 4952: 4904: 4025: 3967: 3810: 3773: 3694: 3338: 3327: 3298: 2435:, Essen was the home of the Essen Tendency (Essener Richtung) within the 2420:

of the principality in 1803. The territory was made part of the Prussian

2397: 2389: 2380:

The administration of Essen had for a long time been in the hands of the

2363: 2205: 2142:

to the city, also played a major role in the shaping of the city and the

1909: 1885: 1858: 950: 714:

Notable accomplishments of the city in recent years include the title of

673: 9477: 8908: 4136:(NRZ; 180,000 copies). In Essen, the WAZ Group also publishes the local 3755: 772: 605:. The central and northern boroughs of Essen historically belong to the 9664: 9644: 9447: 9437: 9427: 9367: 9352: 9347: 9332: 9246: 8848: 8503: 8220: 8095: 8090: 7599:"The Continental: Essen Motor Show, European Politics, and BMW Remarks" 6477: 6469: 6428: 6390: 6329: 6120: 5874: 5466: 5458: 4912: 4646: 4434: 4049: 4029: 3643: 3302:

Hotel Handelshof with modified coat of arms and former unofficial motto

3029: 2629: 2459: 2409: 2059: 1905: 1754: 1673: 916: 875: 835: 744: 606: 560: 448: 427: 360: 92: 9659: 9654: 9382: 9236: 8988: 8818: 8031: 5800:

Sculptures by Friedrich Gräsel and Gloria Friedmann at the Moltkeplatz

4740:

runway of 1,553 m (5,095 ft), another unsurfaced runway for

4713: 4472: 4052:

and racing interests. Other important fairs open to consumers include

3865:

announced it would move its headquarters to Essen at the end of 2017.

1951:

contains the tombs of St. Altfrid, Mathilde II, and Teophanu herself.

1700: 1682: 790: 9679: 9669: 9570: 9472: 9432: 9412: 9407: 9337: 9292: 9261: 9256: 9221: 9196: 9146: 9120: 9115: 9100: 8936: 8773: 8693: 8688: 8613: 8593: 8523: 8410: 7916: 7034:"Mapping Ancient Germania: Berlin Researchers Crack the Ptolemy Code" 6557: 6539: 6530:, located in the southern part of the city. Other football clubs are 6369: 5958: 5671: 5639: 5614: 5426: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5130: 5129:. At the time of its construction, the villa featured some technical 4916: 4523: 4512: 4225: 4041: 3702: 2448: 2273: 2154: 2032: 1881: 1750: 1000: 908: 862: 739: 700: 602: 568: 9216: 8768: 8568: 8042: 4694:. All vehicles and staff were merged and are now operated together. 4471:. On Essen territory, the A 52 runs from the southern boroughs near 4414:(Ruhr crawling way). A tunnel was built in the 1970s, when the then- 1776:), although a clear distinction among these groupings is difficult. 1764:

Essen was part of the settlement areas of several Germanic peoples (

857: 103: 9674: 9595: 9590: 9457: 9297: 9231: 9171: 9166: 9141: 9080: 8963: 8918: 8898: 8843: 8723: 8558: 8553: 8400: 8120: 6350: 6117:(born 1961), convicted murderer known as the Cannibal of Rothenburg 5862: 5165:, which is still a regular stop. The Krupp family had to leave the 4920: 4772:(≈30 driving minutes) for both domestic and international flights. 4757: 4496: 4419: 4328: 4205: 4197: 4192:. Since 1927, its traditional main location has been in the former 4189: 4061: 4016: 3937: 3862: 3826: 3814: 3795: 3732: 3708: 3631: 2348: 2093: 1936: 1894: 1769: 1758: 1709: 1019: 1008: 829: 824: 766: 761: 644: 536: 507: 9302: 8803: 2396:

increasingly grew in importance. In 1335, it started choosing two

1835: 846: 750: 718:

on behalf of the whole Ruhr area in 2010 and the selection as the

132:

Clockwise from top: Skyline of the city, Essen Business District,

9639: 9630: 9585: 9417: 9362: 9282: 9251: 9211: 9110: 9105: 9085: 9054: 9049: 8958: 8858: 8753: 8743: 8708: 8628: 8583: 8578: 8473: 8443: 8215: 8110: 7886:"Official Site of the State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphaila" 7294:, German Marshall Fund of the United States accessed 3 April 2010 6519: 5647: 5268: 5244: 4826: 4791: 4741: 3761: 3726: 3626:

Essen has a population of 586,608 and is the 2nd largest city in

2329: 2289: 2213: 2173:, was convinced that Germany failed to comply the demands of the 1862: 1846: 1824: 1820: 1805: 960: 936:

and improve the city's resilience in the face of climate change.

920: 851: 811: 755: 640: 572: 548: 478: 303: 56: 8783: 8728: 6492: 3308: 2015:. The Catholic abbey had no troops to counter this development. 1745:

in the northern part of the city during the construction of the

9575: 9565: 9452: 9201: 9176: 9151: 9136: 9075: 9059: 9044: 8888: 8878: 8873: 8863: 8833: 8828: 8663: 8608: 8563: 8548: 8533: 8483: 8463: 8453: 8423: 8390: 8130: 7414: 5655: 5430: 5414: 5260: 4799: 4453: 4449: 4201: 4185: 3830: 3738: 3660: 3652: 3635: 2278: 2046:

from 1648, troops remained in the city until 9 September 1650.

1889: 1765: 996: 816: 704: 6649:"Heimatabend Essen – Die heimliche Hauptstadt des Ruhrgebiets" 4166:

run a printing facility for their boulevard-style daily paper

2424:

from 1815 to 1822, after which it became part of the Prussian

2367:

Old and new government seats: Essen Cathedral (front) and the

2039:, only to leave again in September. She died 1644 in Cologne. 1904:

The first documented mention of Essen dates back to 898, when

9615: 9462: 9387: 9377: 9327: 9317: 9226: 8929: 8738: 8678: 8643: 8638: 8598: 8433: 5154: 5122: 4924: 4816: 4403: 4228:, the festival in which the Ruhr district was designated the 4053: 3799: 3767: 3656: 2130:) in 1937. The Krupp Works also were the main reason for the 2066: 1948: 1913: 1731: 677: 6795:"Essen, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)" 4764:

company. Residents of the region around Essen typically use

4114:

has a studio in Essen, which is responsible for the central

2343:

remain large employers in the city. Foundations such as the

2324: 9580: 9357: 9206: 9156: 8973: 8788: 8703: 8623: 7775:"Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs" 6561: 5280: 5137:, such as a central hot air heating system, own water- and 4795: 4683:(regional railway stations) in the boroughs of Altenessen, 4407: 4168: 4115: 3907: 3849: 3818: 3627: 2143: 1877: 1691: 1638: 871: 628: 540: 7744:[Small EVAG Statistics 2010* (*as of 31.12.2009)] 5239: 639:, its Zollverein School of Management and Design, and the 9467: 5433:

interior is home to the acclaimed Essen Opera and Ballet.

4749: 4196:

in Essen in the Ruhr area, with additional facilities in

3922: 3892: 3858: 3806: 3790:

Essen is home to several large companies, among them the

2340: 1888:), Essen Abbey was meant to care for women of the higher 911:

in the boroughs of Fischlaken, Kupferdreh, Heisingen and

632: 624: 8018: 499: 6564:

and has attempted to move up to Germany's elite league

2507:(CDU), who was elected in 2015 and re-elected in 2020. 655:

in Essen. In 1958, Essen was chosen as the seat to the

5674:, Kranichwiese facing the Orangerie and the sculpture 5425:: Opened in 1988 (the plans dating back to 1959), the 4748:

as a secondary airport since visibility is less often

579:, which is dammed in Essen to form the Lake Baldeney ( 7390:"Origin of the sword in the Essen Cathedral Treasury" 5177:. Given back in 1952, Villa Hügel is now seat of the 4180:

One renowned educational institution in Essen is the

3809:. Essen hosts parts of the corporate headquarters of 2264:

As a major industrial centre, Essen was a target for

995:) with cool winters and warm summers (different from 4467:

connects Essen with the more southern region around

3794:

industrial conglomerate which is also registered in

959:

districts and to a rare peculiarity: The borough of

9029: 4339:being the second-largest of its kind in the world. 4032:each year. With around 530.000 visitors each year, 2443:. Essen became one of the centres of resistance to 2288:(German: Kruppsche Nachtscheinanlage) was built in 7685:New Name and Building, 10 January 2010 (in German) 6613:, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 19 June 2021. 5271:founded the later cornerstone of the modern city, 613:) language area, and the south of the city to the 7742:"Kleine EVAG Statistik 2010* (*stand 31.12.2009)" 7132:"The occupation of the Ruhr (Germany, 1923–1925)" 5398: 4955:and several other art works from Ottonian times. 4672:2010, the main station, which is classified as a 9964: 8373: 7520:(in German). Essen. September 2019. p. 22. 7349:(Revised Edition, 2006), Stackpole Books, p. 97. 4951:, the eldest preserved seven-branched Christian 4939:(around 980), the oldest known sculpture of the 4780: 1963:Alte Kirche (Old Church, built 1887), Altenessen 647:(both established in 1972) were merged into the 7095:Militär und Innenpolitik im Weltkrieg 1914–1918 7061:. Nrw2000.de. 25 September 1937. Archived from 6889:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 6733:"Top ten: Das sind Deutschlands grünste Städte" 6480:for having saved about 800 Jewish lives during 4534:lines and 57 bus lines (16 of these serving as 4220:(FTS). In 1963 the Folkwang school was renamed 3689:List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany 4385:towards the central business district of Essen 4048:, the Essen show is smaller and is focused on 3994:Deutsche Bank branch in the financial district 3780: 3345:shows the double-headed Imperial Eagle of the 2458:era (1933–1945), mayors were installed by the 2392:. However, from the 14th century onwards, the 2146:area in the late 19th and early 20th century. 2081:The historic house of the Krupp Family in 2014 1912:, willed territory on the western bank of the 1730:, dates back to 280,000 – 250,000 BC. It is a 1712:were found or to a region in the East (of the 9532: 9015: 8359: 8058: 7392:. Regesta-imperii.adwmainz.de. Archived from 7285:Essen, Germany – Transatlantic Cities Network 6409:(spouse of Friedrich Alfred Krupp, see above) 6069:(1787–1826), founder of Krupp family business 5704:Grugapark, Reichsgartenschau 1938, Keramikhof 4898: 4475:past the fairground and then merges with the 3682: 3086: 2149: 7944:"Speech by Mayor Wolfgang Reiniger (German)" 7084: 6549:Another important and famous sports club is 6522:, and Schwarz-Weiß Essen in the fifth tier, 6448:Today, the highest award of the city is the 6368:1901 Heinrich Carl Sölling – 5446: 5173:mansion in 1945, when it was annexed by the 5166: 5153:alarm for the staff). The mansion's central 4814: 4678: 4645:On the same motorway, a long-term test of a 4483:Essen-Ost junction east of the city centre. 4398:touch Essen territory, most importantly the 2355:, one of the Ruhr area's major art museums. 2277:homeless. On 13 December 1944 three British 686: 660: 7577:"Getting to grips with the essential Essen" 7415:Statistisches Landesamt Nordrhein-Westfalen 7313:, eurotravelling.net, accessed 3 April 2010 6825:"World Weather Information Service – Essen" 6568:. The Baskets play their home games at the 5022:Essen Minster overshadowed by the town hall 1830: 9547:Urban and rural districts in the state of 9539: 9525: 9022: 9008: 8366: 8352: 8330: 8065: 8051: 7362:[Time-line of the City of Essen]. 6885:"Essen-Bredeney Climate Normals 1991–2020" 5841:(1922–2010), entrepreneur; brother of Karl 4258:Zollverein School of Management and Design 3666: 800:Map of the Districts and Boroughs of Essen 9988:Urban districts of North Rhine-Westphalia 9506:Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants 6628:Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW 6604:Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020 6577:1955 nine-pin bowling World Championships 6057:(1886–1957), daughter of Friedrich Alfred 5985:(1901–2007), centenarian and WW1 survivor 4406:with Dortmund, running through the whole 3746: 2758:Results of the 2020 city council election 2375: 1022:, 1991−2020 normals, extremes 1961-1990) 7182:"Ausstellung erinnert an Zwangsarbeiter" 7143:International Committee of the Red Cross 6855:"Extreme temperature records since 1850" 6491: 5238: 4701: 4377: 4373: 4015: 3307: 3297: 2753: 2362: 2323: 2255: 2153: 1958: 1834: 1658: 506: 7974: 7810:"European Route of Industrial Heritage" 7446: 6950: 6364:(spouse of Margarethe Krupp, see below) 6129:(1945–2011), pornographic film director 4787:Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex 4768:(≈20 driving minutes) and occasionally 4712:Together with the neighbouring city of 3679:, was named after the river and Essen. 2319: 2180: 693:Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex 146:Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex 25:City in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany 9965: 6925:from the original on 30 September 2023 6526:. Schwarz-Weiß Essens home stadium is 6427:1949 Viktor Niemeyer – 5479:, a theatre in the centre of the city. 3861:-listed chemical distribution company 3393: 1954: 870:Essen is located in the centre of the 567:, and is part of the cultural area of 388:210.34 km (81.21 sq mi) 9520: 9003: 8347: 8072: 8046: 8006:Timeline of Essen § Bibliography 7557:from the original on 16 February 2017 7188:from the original on 26 February 2014 6915:"Essen (10410) – WMO Weather Station" 6468:. Berthold Beitz (1973) and his wife 5234: 4613:Essen Hauptbahnhof in the city centre 4543:stock, is a mixture of tram and full 4448:, a highly segmented connection from 3895:headquarters in the business district 2037:Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim 1667: 925:Federal Statistical Office of Germany 559:of Germany. Essen lies in the larger 522: 7527:from the original on 8 February 2021 6959:from the original on 24 January 2014 6907: 6877: 6805:from the original on 31 January 2019 6293: 6049:Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach 5179:Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach 5113:Built in 1873 by industrial magnate 2345:Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach 2197:synagogue was completely destroyed. 2049: 2018: 1724:The oldest archaeological find, the 8028:, panoramic views and virtual tours 7920:. 28 September 2009. Archived from 7854:"Die gesündeste Stadt Deutschlands" 7731:Bundesverkehrswegeplan 2003, p. 124 6556:The city's main basketball team is 5901:(1899–1975), agricultural economist 5141:and electric internal and external 4490: 3065:Human Environment Animal Protection 2437:Communist Workers' Party of Germany 1680:for "eating" (written as lowercase 685:. The most notable witness of this 651:with campuses in both cities and a 575:in the north, and in the south the 13: 8329: 7434:"Germany: States and Major Cities" 7252:from the original on 11 July 2019. 6835:from the original on 10 March 2021 6817: 6745:from the original on 30 April 2017 6713:from the original on 29 April 2016 6655:from the original on 17 April 2021 6207:(1921–2008), composer and organist 5275:. The old church of Werden abbey, 4522:As of 2009, Ruhrbahn operates 3 U- 4327:(West German Heart Centre Essen), 4325:diseases of the circulatory system 3837:, Europe's largest shoe retailer. 3388: 2158:French troops enter Essen in 1923. 1749:in 1926. Other artifacts from the 795: 255:Show map of North Rhine-Westphalia 14: 10004: 8010: 7866:from the original on 30 July 2017 7491:from the original on 4 March 2021 7334:University of the West of England 7115:EinesTages; retrieved 4 May 2012 6015:(1882–1951), university professor 5810:Further information (in German): 5805: 5689:Grugapark, Sculpture "Trauer" by 5333:Essen Werden historic town centre 2466:, the military government of the 2303:507th Parachute Infantry Regiment 2272:(RAF) dropping a total of 36,429 943: 9973:Cities in North Rhine-Westphalia 9688: 7888:. Landtag.nrw.de. Archived from 7184:(in German). 12 September 2010. 6775:from the original on 10 May 2017 6681:from the original on 20 May 2017 6651:(in German). 10 September 2014. 6579:and the final round of the FIBA 6075:(1930–1993), football goalkeeper 5793: 5781: 5776:Marketplace of Margarethenhöhe I 5769: 5757: 5745: 5733: 5721: 5709: 5697: 5682: 5664: 5579: 5567: 5555: 5541: 5527: 5513: 5499: 5485: 5386: 5374: 5362: 5350: 5338: 5326: 5314: 5302: 5267:around 799, 45 years before St. 5222: 5210: 5198: 5186: 5096: 5084: 5072: 5060: 5048: 5027: 5015: 5003: 4988: 4974: 4960: 4903:The former collegiate church of 4886: 4874: 4862: 4850: 4838: 4640:Platforms at Kaiser-Wilhelm-Park 4633: 4618: 4606: 4594: 4579: 4565: 4356: 4344: 4275: 4263: 4251: 4237: 4093: 4081: 4069: 3999: 3987: 3975: 3960: 3945: 3930: 3915: 3900: 3885: 3870: 3723:, England, United Kingdom (1949) 3271: 3270: 3252: 3251: 3194: 3193: 3183: 3182: 3128: 3127: 3053: 3052: 3042: 3041: 3018: 3017: 3007: 3006: 2980: 2979: 2956: 2955: 2945: 2944: 2921: 2920: 2910: 2909: 2886: 2885: 2875: 2874: 2851: 2850: 2840: 2839: 2816: 2815: 2805: 2804: 2441:Communist Workers' International 2297:Bombing of Essen in World War II 2074: 2058: 1719: 856: 845: 834: 823: 810: 784: 771: 760: 749: 738: 239: 232: 207: 200: 171: 161: 120: 109: 102: 91: 84: 73: 66: 55: 9983:Districts of the Rhine Province 9031:Cities in Germany by population 7999: 7968: 7936: 7904: 7878: 7846: 7836:"Official Villa Hügel Web Page" 7828: 7802: 7785: 7767: 7734: 7725: 7688: 7669: 7643: 7617: 7591: 7569: 7539: 7503: 7473: 7449:"School colors glimpse history" 7440: 7426: 7408: 7382: 7352: 7339: 7316: 7297: 7278: 7256: 7226: 7200: 7174: 7148: 7125: 7100: 7077: 7051: 7027: 7010: 6988: 6971: 6944: 6847: 6583:. The city is also home to the 6407: – benefactress 6237:(1923–1996), Holocaust survivor 6063:(1854–1902), steel manufacturer 6051:(1907–1967), Nazi industrialist 5381:Historic town centre of Kettwig 4245:Folkwang University of the Arts 4129:Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung 3800:Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp 3374: 3293: 3167: 3142: 3112: 3061: 3026: 2997:Essen Citizens' Alliance (EBB) 2964: 2929: 2894: 2859: 2824: 2789: 2749: 2677: 2659: 2641: 2623: 2605: 2587: 2569: 2551: 2531: 2428:until its dissolution in 1946. 1999:was finally granted by Emperor 1663:Essen on an engraving from 1647 1652:For a chronological guide, see 806:(Map of districts and boroughs) 657:Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen 637:Folkwang University of the Arts 565:second largest by GDP in the EU 7447:Harvath, Les (18 March 2007). 7022:Essen – Geschichte einer Stadt 6787: 6757: 6725: 6693: 6667: 6641: 6616: 6597: 6282:(born 1993), volleyball player 6027:(1908–2003), military educator 5591: 5399:Other important cultural sites 5345:Protestant church Essen Werden 5290:of music and performing arts. 5108: 4907:and nowadays cathedral of the 4024:The city's exhibition centre, 3673:City of Monessen, Pennsylvania 3093:Social Liberal Alliance (SLB) 2499:The current mayor of Essen is 2422:Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg 1939:emperors: Sophia, daughter of 1853:, founded an abbey for women ( 683:tertiary sector of the economy 1: 7812:. En.erih.net. Archived from 6701:"Kommunen: Der Tausendfüßler" 6590: 6472:(2006) are recipients of the 6337:Johann Heinrich Peter Beising 5419:(more than 340 000 exhibits). 4781:Zollverein Industrial Complex 4674:station of highest importance 4456:, planned to go further into 2328:View over Central Essen from 555:and Dortmund, as well as the 539:, second-largest city of the 240: 208: 144:, UNESCO world heritage site 8375:European Capitals of Culture 7977:"Honorary Citizens of Essen" 7625:"Germany's Essen Motor Show" 7234:"Krupp's Trial at Nuremberg" 6542:are members of top division 6524:Oberliga Nordrhein-Westfalen 5967:(born 1944), race car driver 5895:(1896–1962), Nazi politician 5623:Botanischer Garten Grugapark 5461:, a former coal mine, now a 4915:hall church made from light 4775: 4760:and Germany's oldest public 4368: 4289:University of Duisburg-Essen 4175: 3843:Energy transition in Germany 2433:German Revolution of 1918–19 2260:Devastation of Krupp factory 1933:sculpture of the Virgin Mary 1849:(around 800–874), the later 725: 649:University of Duisburg-Essen 535:) is the central and, after 7: 7210:(in German). Archived from 7158:(in German). Archived from 6474:Righteous Among the Nations 6300:Federal Republic of Germany 6231:(born 1954), electrochemist 6183:(1911–1978), opera director 5847:(1908–1954), operatic tenor 5716:Grugapark illuminated, 2015 5369:Essen Werden, old town hall 4697: 4670:European Capital of Culture 4337:bone marrow transplantation 4313: 4308:für Ökonomie und Management 4230:European Capital of Culture 4006:Emschergenossenschaft Essen 3781:Industry and infrastructure 3335:ecclesiastical principality 2483:. In 1999, the position of 2439:. In 1922 they founded the 2358: 1923:, granddaughter of Emperor 1495:Average precipitation days 1281:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1141:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 716:European Capital of Culture 691:(structural change) is the 670:ecclesiastical principality 417:2,800/km (7,200/sq mi) 10: 10009: 9811:Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis 8003: 7979:. Essen.de. Archived from 7793:RVV-Verkehrsstatistik 2007 6213:(1908–1981), tennis player 6111:(born 1941), tennis player 6039:(1869–1939), art collector 5907:(born 1965), track athlete 5859:(1946–1976), serial killer 5816: 5809: 5031: 4996:Cross of Otto and Mathilde 4899:Essen Minster and treasury 4539:which partly runs on used 4505:Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr 4452:and the Belgian border to 4351:Elisabethkrankenhaus Essen 4208:, and, since 2010, at the 4132:(WAZ; 580,000 copies) and 4100:Messe Essen south entrance 4076:Messe Essen south entrance 3785: 3686: 3683:Twin towns – sister cities 3169: 3144: 3114: 3092: 3063: 3028: 2996: 2966: 2931: 2896: 2861: 2826: 2793:Christian Democratic Union 2791: 2682: 2679: 2664: 2661: 2646: 2643: 2628: 2625: 2610: 2607: 2592: 2589: 2574: 2571: 2556: 2553: 2540:Christian Democratic Union 2538: 2533: 2505:Christian Democratic Union 2314:British Zone of Occupation 2294: 2150:World War I and occupation 2138:, who in 1892 donated the 2128:Waffenschmiede des Reiches 1971:called abbess Elisabeth I 1651: 1647: 1636: 1017: 978: 730: 15: 9869: 9697: 9686: 9556: 9486: 9270: 9129: 9068: 9037: 8381: 8327: 8081: 7799:Traffic Statistics 2007). 7651:"Messe Essen | FAQs" 7454:Pittsburgh Tribune-Review 7360:"Chronik der Stadt Essen" 7085: 7004:, City of Essen, undated 6211:Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling 6147:(1899–1973), psychiatrist 5835:(1920–2014), entrepreneur 5812:List of people from Essen 5638:: The largest of the six 5451:has been home to several 5447: 4441:and destinations beyond. 4363:University Hospital Essen 4335:, with the department of 4088:Messe Essen east entrance 4044:. As contrasted with the 3619: 3406:— 3283: 3261:Electorate/voter turnout 3260: 3236: 3219: 3202: 2769: 2739: 2729:Electorate/voter turnout 2728: 2717: 2706: 2695: 2684:National Democratic Party 2644:Karlgeorg Raimund Krüger 2517: 2189:on 10 November 1938, the 1589: 1541: 1494: 1420: 1350: 1280: 1210: 1140: 1070: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1026: 874:area, one of the largest 794: 511:Logo of the city of Essen 495: 485: 471: 459: 438: 421: 413: 405: 400: 392: 384: 379: 358: 353: 345: 333: 321: 309: 299: 264: 194: 185: 157: 48: 39: 30: 6985:103 (1989/90), pp. 27–51 6938:31 January 2019, at the 6765:"European Green Capital" 6675:"European Green Capital" 6487: 6462:Franz Cardinal Hengsbach 6003:(born 1949), philosopher 5149:systems (with a central 4460:, ends in Essens south. 4333:transplantation medicine 4105: 4011: 3354:Saints Cosmas and Damian 2494: 1831:Eighth–twelfth centuries 1734:found in the borough of 1018:Climate data for Essen ( 967:and remains part of the 396:116 m (381 ft) 349:9 districts, 50 boroughs 7585:, 6 December 2006, via 7336:, accessed 3 April 2010 7323:The Essen Lynching Case 7156:"Geschichte des Hauses" 7119:2 February 2014 at the 6955:(in German). Essen.de. 6953:"Origin of place names" 6538:. In women's football, 6421:and army leader, later 6270:(1877–1945), politician 6264:(born 1965), politician 6252:(1928–2004), footballer 6205:Magdalene Schauss-Flake 6195:(born 1996), footballer 6177:(born 1955), footballer 6171:(born 1938), footballer 6165:(1927–2021), theologian 6159:(1929–2003), footballer 6135:(1901–1978), politician 6123:(born 1958), footballer 6105:(born 1969), footballer 6097:Issachar Berend Lehmann 6093:(1894–1970), flying ace 6087:(1900–1974), Nazi guard 5997:(born 1993), footballer 5979:(1921–2016), politician 5961:(born 1963), journalist 5940:(born 1978), footballer 5913:(born 1978), footballer 5883:(1896–1959), politician 5877:(born 1981), footballer 5865:(born 1953), politician 5562:Grugahalle concert hall 5455:productions since 1996. 5429:building with its deep 4982:Golden Madonna of Essen 4968:Golden Madonna of Essen 4937:Golden Madonna of Essen 4857:Shaft XII of Zollverein 4541:Docklands Light Railway 4511:(except the high-speed 4134:Neue Ruhr/Rhein Zeitung 3751:Essen cooperates with: 3667:International relations 3286:State Returning Officer 2898:Alternative for Germany 2828:Social Democratic Party 2742:State Returning Officer 2594:Alternative for Germany 2558:Social Democratic Party 2479:was led by a full-time 2468:British occupation zone 2220:, such as the subcamps 2165:On 11 January 1923 the 2132:large population growth 1929:Golden Madonna of Essen 665:(diocese of the Ruhr). 9921:North Rhine-Westphalia 9916:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 9549:North Rhine-Westphalia 8574:Santiago de Compostela 8335: 7630:19 August 2014 at the 7481:"Essens Partnerstädte" 7137:9 October 2021 at the 6859:meteorologyclimate.com 6510:(Red-White Essen) and 6499: 6434:posthumous recognition 6357:Friedrich Alfred Krupp 6332:, lawyer and economist 6258:(1604–1653), commodore 6153:(born 1967), guitarist 6141:(1862-????), architect 6109:Helga Niessen Masthoff 6061:Friedrich Alfred Krupp 5977:Hildegard Hamm-Brücher 5955:(1930–2005), architect 5944:Friedrich Karl Florian 5853:(1801–1859), publisher 5829:(1935–2014), conductor 5821:People born in Essen: 5788:Margarethenhöhe houses 5248: 5167: 5103:Old Synagogue interior 4815: 4808:North Rhine-Westphalia 4718:North Rhine-Westphalia 4709: 4679: 4386: 4112:Westdeutscher Rundfunk 4021: 3747:Cooperation agreements 3313: 3303: 3116:German Communist Party 2863:Alliance 90/The Greens 2759: 2666:German Communist Party 2576:Alliance 90/The Greens 2489:North Rhine-Westphalia 2406:Protestant Reformation 2376:Historical development 2372: 2332: 2307:17th Airborne Division 2261: 2167:Occupation of the Ruhr 2159: 2127: 2116:to the "Armory of the 2013:Protestant Reformation 1977:Princess of the Empire 1964: 1842: 1801:to the ninth century. 1664: 969:Archdiocese of Cologne 933:European Green Capital 929:North Rhine-Westphalia 801: 720:European Green Capital 687: 661: 659:(often referred to as 545:North Rhine-Westphalia 512: 316:North Rhine-Westphalia 18:Essen (disambiguation) 8333: 8032:Pictures from Kettwig 7842:on 12 September 2008. 7511:"Essen.International" 7039:2 August 2014 at the 7020:, in Borsdorf (Ed.): 6566:Basketball Bundesliga 6536:TuS Helene Altenessen 6514:(Black-White Essen). 6495: 6313:Chancellor of Germany 6201:(born 1946), diplomat 6045:(1812–1887), inventor 6037:Helene Kröller-Müller 6009:(1839–1896), engineer 5889:(1905–1942), sculptor 5469:concerts and home of 5242: 4827:Red Dot Design Museum 4722:Essen/Mülheim Airport 4707:Essen/Mülheim Airport 4705: 4381: 4374:Streets and motorways 4139:Borbecker Nachrichten 4019: 3880:headquarters in Essen 3839:The Coca-Cola Company 3675:, situated along the 3380:Historical population 3311: 3301: 2968:Free Democratic Party 2757: 2680:Detlef Albert Fergeé 2648:Free Democratic Party 2572:Mehrdad Mostofizadeh 2416:, and the subsequent 2366: 2327: 2295:Further information: 2259: 2204:was convicted in the 2157: 1985:Archbishop of Cologne 1981:Konrad von Hochstaden 1962: 1838: 1804:Recent research into 1686:), and/or the German 1662: 1009:geographical location 882:), comprising eleven 878:in Europe (see also: 799: 563:metropolitan region, 520:German pronunciation: 510: 440: • Summer ( 9926:Rhineland-Palatinate 9791:Oberbergischer Kreis 9501:Metropolitan regions 9182:Freiburg im Breisgau 8039:, sites-of-memory.de 8026:Essen city panoramas 7781:on 6 September 2009. 7681:5 March 2012 at the 7604:29 July 2017 at the 7487:(in German). Essen. 7420:16 June 2019 at the 7328:11 June 2009 at the 7309:4 March 2010 at the 7290:19 June 2010 at the 7268:www.flightglobal.com 7000:4 March 2016 at the 6895:on 16 September 2023 6829:worldweather.wmo.int 6504:association football 6454:President of Germany 6423:President of Germany 6419:Generalfeldmarschall 6276:(1936–2006), actress 6133:Alfred Müller-Armack 6021:(born 1972), swimmer 5921:Generalfeldmarschall 5728:Grugapark, Waterfall 5034:Old Synagogue, Essen 4893:Ruhrmuseum staircase 4845:Coal mine Zollverein 4558:Rhine-Ruhr Stadtbahn 4424:main railway station 4301:discrete mathematics 4218:Folkwang Tanz Studio 4152:Werdener Nachrichten 3845:, Germany's largest 3312:Essen's coat of arms 3171:Pirate Party Germany 2626:Annie Maria Tarrach 2320:Twenty-first century 2181:Nazism, World War II 2175:Treaty of Versailles 2106:main railway station 1865:had already founded 1851:Bishop of Hildesheim 1071:Record high °C (°F) 983:Essen has a typical 703:have been listed by 590:) and Lake Kettwig ( 487:Vehicle registration 414: • Density 284:51.45083°N 7.01306°E 16:For other uses, see 9993:Düsseldorf (region) 9831:Siegen-Wittgenstein 9383:Mülheim an der Ruhr 7912:"Pressetext – Oper" 7859:Süddeutsche Zeitung 7755:on 16 November 2011 7370:on 24 November 2011 7274:on 10 January 2015. 7242:Library of Congress 7208:"Der LVR in Europa" 7107:"Her mit der Kohle" 6609:17 May 2022 at the 6506:clubs in Essen are 6415:Paul von Hindenburg 6319:Friedrich Hammacher 6288:(born 1984), skater 6262:Kyriakos Velopoulos 6225:(born 1956), artist 6163:Uta Ranke-Heinemann 6099:(1661–1730), banker 6081:(1920–2006), writer 6025:Fritz G. A. Kraemer 5991:(1930–1989), banker 5973:(1940–2016), author 5934:(born 1971), writer 5928:(1910–1998), editor 5871:(1924–2018), artist 5471:Offener Kanal Essen 5288:Folkwang University 5279:, was designated a 5252:damaged during the 5091:Old Synagogue, 2014 5079:Old Synagogue, 2010 5010:St. Ludger Basilica 4927:have survived from 4869:Zollverein entrance 4804:World Heritage Site 4714:Mülheim an der Ruhr 4473:Mülheim an der Ruhr 4282:Folkwang University 4232:for the year 2010. 4222:Folkwang-Hochschule 4214:World Heritage Site 4182:Folkwang University 4046:Frankfurt Auto Show 3381: 2766: 2514: 2065:Three rings of the 2044:Peace of Westphalia 2029:Counter-Reformation 2006:Reichskammergericht 1955:13th–17th centuries 1931:, the oldest known 1814:has identified the 1351:Record low °C (°F) 1211:Daily mean °C (°F) 897:The Ruhr forms the 791:Mülheim an der Ruhr 709:World Heritage Site 653:university hospital 280: / 223:Show map of Germany 9946:Schleswig-Holstein 9752:Hochsauerlandkreis 8336: 8334:Essen coat of arms 8037:Memorials in Essen 7816:on 5 February 2012 7696:"Lokalnachrichten" 7640:, 6 December 2011. 7614:, 3 December 2013. 7461:on 2 February 2010 7162:on 21 October 2014 6995:"Ergrabene Zeiten" 6979:Der Ortsname Essen 6570:Sportpark am Hallo 6512:Schwarz-Weiß Essen 6500: 6476:recognized by the 6417: – 6389: – 6359: – 6346: – 6328: – 6311: – 6274:Elisabeth Volkmann 6243:(1898–1945), Nazi 6219:(1870–1932), actor 6189:(1902–1994), actor 6067:Friedrich C. Krupp 6033:(1947–2000), actor 5946:(1894–1975), Nazi 5917:Ernest B. H. Busch 5887:Hermann Blumenthal 5409:David Chipperfield 5249: 5235:Kettwig and Werden 5127:single-family home 4933:St. Johann Baptist 4823:Design Zentrum NRW 4802:had declared it a 4766:Düsseldorf Airport 4754:Düsseldorf Airport 4720:, Essen maintains 4710: 4651:Essen Hauptbahnhof 4626:Essen Hauptbahnhof 4601:Essen Hauptbahnhof 4573:Essen Hauptbahnhof 4532:Straßenbahn (tram) 4429:In the north, the 4387: 4022: 3379: 3314: 3304: 2765: 2760: 2513: 2402:imperial immediacy 2373: 2333: 2262: 2160: 2108:welcomed visitors 1997:free imperial city 1993:imperial immediacy 1965: 1845:Around 845, Saint 1843: 1727:Vogelheimer Klinge 1668:Origin of the name 1665: 884:independent cities 802: 557:ninth-largest city 513: 406: • Total 385: • Total 148:, Borbeck Castle, 9960: 9959: 9886:Baden-Württemberg 9821:Rhein-Kreis Neuss 9727:Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis 9514: 9513: 9393:Offenbach am Main 9278:Bergisch Gladbach 9101:Frankfurt am Main 8997: 8996: 8341: 8340: 7587:HighBeam Research 7345:Stanton, Shelby, 7145:, 21 January 2005 6587:volleyball team. 6575:Essen hosted the 6544:Frauen-Bundesliga 6309:Otto von Bismarck 6294:Honorary citizens 6085:Johanna Langefeld 5989:Alfred Herrhausen 5535:Colosseum Theater 5448:Colosseum Theater 5443:Colosseum Theater 4716:and the state of 4666:Intercity-Express 4658:Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn 4517:Intercity-Express 4463:A segment of the 4270:Universität Essen 4058:equestrian sports 3953:Evonik Industries 3823:Evonik Industries 3776:, Mongolia (2012) 3677:Monongahela River 3649:Wirtschaftswunder 3624: 3623: 3347:Holy Roman Empire 3291: 3290: 2747: 2746: 2487:was abolished in 2485:Oberstadtdirektor 2481:Oberstadtdirektor 2382:princess-abbesses 2050:Industrialisation 2025:Thirty Years' War 2019:Thirty Years' War 1855:coenobium Astnide 1747:Rhine–Herne Canal 1694:(which is always 1654:Timeline of Essen 1644: 1643: 1544:relative humidity 868: 867: 807: 505: 504: 289:51.45083; 7.01306 188:Location of Essen 10000: 9875:of German states 9826:Rhein-Sieg-Kreis 9816:Rhein-Erft-Kreis 9776:Märkischer Kreis 9692: 9541: 9534: 9527: 9518: 9517: 9024: 9017: 9010: 9001: 9000: 8985: 8970: 8951: 8925: 8905: 8894:Esch-sur-Alzette 8885: 8870: 8855: 8840: 8825: 8810: 8795: 8780: 8765: 8750: 8735: 8715: 8700: 8685: 8670: 8660: 8650: 8635: 8620: 8605: 8590: 8540: 8530: 8520: 8510: 8500: 8490: 8480: 8470: 8460: 8450: 8440: 8430: 8417: 8407: 8397: 8387: 8368: 8361: 8354: 8345: 8344: 8332: 8067: 8060: 8053: 8044: 8043: 8022: 8021: 8019:Official website 7993: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7972: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7961: 7956:on 27 March 2009 7955: 7949:. Archived from 7948: 7940: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7929: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7850: 7844: 7843: 7838:. Archived from 7832: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7821: 7806: 7800: 7789: 7783: 7782: 7777:. Archived from 7771: 7765: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7754: 7747: 7738: 7732: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7709:. Archived from 7708: 7692: 7686: 7676:Deutschlandradio 7673: 7667: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7653:. Archived from 7647: 7641: 7637:Road & Track 7621: 7615: 7595: 7589: 7573: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7562: 7547:"Press releases" 7543: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7526: 7515: 7507: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7477: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7466: 7457:. Archived from 7444: 7438: 7437: 7430: 7424: 7412: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7396:on 11 March 2007 7386: 7380: 7379: 7377: 7375: 7366:. Archived from 7356: 7350: 7343: 7337: 7320: 7314: 7301: 7295: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7270:. Archived from 7260: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7238: 7230: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7204: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7193: 7178: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7152: 7146: 7129: 7123: 7104: 7098: 7088: 7087: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7055: 7049: 7031: 7025: 7014: 7008: 7007: 6992: 6986: 6983:Essener Beiträge 6975: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6948: 6942: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6891:. Archived from 6881: 6875: 6874: 6872: 6870: 6865:on 29 March 2017 6861:. Archived from 6851: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6821: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6761: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6729: 6723: 6722: 6720: 6718: 6709:. October 2014. 6697: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6677:. ec.europa.eu. 6671: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6660: 6645: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6620: 6614: 6601: 6528:Uhlenkrugstadion 6458:Gustav Heinemann 6406: 6398:Margarethe Krupp 6388: 6345: 6327: 6250:Bernhard Termath 6235:Marianne Strauss 6229:Martin Stratmann 6019:Christian Keller 6013:Wilhelm Kalveram 5953:James Ingo Freed 5911:Dennis Brinkmann 5797: 5785: 5773: 5761: 5749: 5737: 5725: 5713: 5701: 5686: 5668: 5637: 5619:botanical garden 5586:Hugenpoet castle 5583: 5571: 5559: 5545: 5531: 5517: 5503: 5489: 5450: 5449: 5390: 5378: 5366: 5354: 5342: 5330: 5318: 5306: 5295:textile industry 5254:Second World War 5226: 5214: 5202: 5190: 5172: 5100: 5088: 5076: 5064: 5052: 5019: 5007: 4992: 4978: 4964: 4949:Emperor Otto III 4890: 4878: 4866: 4854: 4842: 4820: 4770:Dortmund Airport 4734:Second World War 4682: 4680:Regionalbahnhöfe 4662:Regional-Express 4637: 4622: 4610: 4598: 4583: 4569: 4491:Public transport 4418:was upgraded to 4360: 4348: 4279: 4267: 4255: 4241: 4210:Zeche Zollverein 4160: 4147: 4097: 4085: 4073: 4034:Essen Motor Show 4028:, hosts some 50 4020:Messe Essen logo 4003: 3991: 3979: 3964: 3949: 3934: 3919: 3904: 3889: 3874: 3855:renewable energy 3847:electric utility 3804:electric utility 3770:, Ukraine (2022) 3729:, Finland (1960) 3395: 3390: 3382: 3378: 3366: 3358:Hotel Handelshof 3324:arms of alliance 3274: 3273: 3255: 3254: 3197: 3196: 3186: 3185: 3131: 3130: 3056: 3055: 3045: 3044: 3021: 3020: 3010: 3009: 2983: 2982: 2959: 2958: 2948: 2947: 2924: 2923: 2913: 2912: 2889: 2888: 2878: 2877: 2854: 2853: 2843: 2842: 2819: 2818: 2808: 2807: 2767: 2764: 2590:Harald Parussel 2515: 2512: 2445:Social Democracy 2384:as heads of the 2286:Krupp decoy site 2252: 2241: 2230: 2218:Second World War 2185:On the night of 2171:Raymond Poincaré 2136:Friedrich Grillo 2125: 2078: 2062: 1800: 1789: 1744: 1498: 1015: 1014: 973:Diocese of Essen 907: 860: 849: 838: 827: 814: 805: 788: 775: 764: 753: 742: 735: 734: 690: 664: 600: 589: 534: 533: 532: 526: 521: 445: 365: 364:(2020–25) 295: 294: 292: 291: 290: 285: 281: 278: 277: 276: 273: 256: 249: 243: 242: 236: 224: 217: 211: 210: 204: 175: 165: 124: 113: 106: 95: 88: 77: 70: 59: 34: 28: 27: 10008: 10007: 10003: 10002: 10001: 9999: 9998: 9997: 9963: 9962: 9961: 9956: 9955: 9865: 9786:Minden-Lübbecke 9699:Rural districts 9693: 9684: 9650:Mönchengladbach 9558:Urban districts 9552: 9545: 9515: 9510: 9482: 9271:100,000–199,999 9266: 9242:Mönchengladbach 9130:200,000–499,999 9125: 9069:500,000–999,999 9064: 9033: 9028: 8998: 8993: 8983: 8968: 8949: 8923: 8903: 8883: 8869:2020-April 2021 8868: 8853: 8838: 8823: 8808: 8793: 8778: 8763: 8748: 8733: 8713: 8698: 8683: 8674:Luxembourg City 8668: 8658: 8648: 8633: 8618: 8603: 8588: 8538: 8528: 8518: 8508: 8498: 8494:Luxembourg City 8488: 8478: 8468: 8458: 8448: 8438: 8428: 8415: 8405: 8395: 8385: 8377: 8372: 8342: 8337: 8325: 8236:Margarethenhöhe 8077: 8071: 8017: 8016: 8013: 8008: 8002: 7997: 7996: 7986: 7984: 7973: 7969: 7959: 7957: 7953: 7946: 7942: 7941: 7937: 7927: 7925: 7924:on 16 July 2011 7910: 7909: 7905: 7895: 7893: 7884: 7883: 7879: 7869: 7867: 7862:. 17 May 2010. 7852: 7851: 7847: 7834: 7833: 7829: 7819: 7817: 7808: 7807: 7803: 7790: 7786: 7773: 7772: 7768: 7758: 7756: 7752: 7745: 7740: 7739: 7735: 7730: 7726: 7716: 7714: 7713:on 4 March 2016 7702: 7694: 7693: 7689: 7683:Wayback Machine 7674: 7670: 7660: 7658: 7657:on 29 July 2017 7649: 7648: 7644: 7632:Wayback Machine 7622: 7618: 7606:Wayback Machine 7596: 7592: 7582:The Irish Times 7574: 7570: 7560: 7558: 7545: 7544: 7540: 7530: 7528: 7524: 7513: 7509: 7508: 7504: 7494: 7492: 7479: 7478: 7474: 7464: 7462: 7445: 7441: 7432: 7431: 7427: 7422:Wayback Machine 7413: 7409: 7399: 7397: 7388: 7387: 7383: 7373: 7371: 7358: 7357: 7353: 7344: 7340: 7330:Wayback Machine 7321: 7317: 7311:Wayback Machine 7304:Essen – History 7302: 7298: 7292:Wayback Machine 7283: 7279: 7262: 7261: 7257: 7249: 7236: 7232: 7231: 7227: 7217: 7215: 7214:on 28 June 2014 7206: 7205: 7201: 7191: 7189: 7180: 7179: 7175: 7165: 7163: 7154: 7153: 7149: 7139:Wayback Machine 7130: 7126: 7121:Wayback Machine 7105: 7101: 7082: 7078: 7068: 7066: 7065:on 16 July 2011 7057: 7056: 7052: 7041:Wayback Machine 7032: 7028: 7015: 7011: 7005: 7002:Wayback Machine 6993: 6989: 6976: 6972: 6962: 6960: 6949: 6945: 6940:Wayback Machine 6928: 6926: 6913: 6912: 6908: 6898: 6896: 6883: 6882: 6878: 6868: 6866: 6853: 6852: 6848: 6838: 6836: 6823: 6822: 6818: 6808: 6806: 6793: 6792: 6788: 6778: 6776: 6763: 6762: 6758: 6748: 6746: 6731: 6730: 6726: 6716: 6714: 6699: 6698: 6694: 6684: 6682: 6673: 6672: 6668: 6658: 6656: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6632: 6630: 6622: 6621: 6617: 6611:Wayback Machine 6602: 6598: 6593: 6585:VV Humann Essen 6581:EuroBasket 1971 6508:Rot-Weiss Essen 6490: 6466:Bishop of Essen 6400: 6382: 6339: 6321: 6296: 6291: 6280:Pia Walkenhorst 6256:Johan van Galen 6199:Klaus Scharioth 6181:Günther Rennert 6145:Friedrich Panse 6127:Harry S. Morgan 5971:Brigitte Hamann 5926:Gunter d'Alquen 5819: 5814: 5808: 5801: 5798: 5789: 5786: 5777: 5774: 5765: 5762: 5753: 5750: 5741: 5738: 5729: 5726: 5717: 5714: 5705: 5702: 5693: 5691:Joseph Enseling 5687: 5678: 5669: 5631: 5594: 5587: 5584: 5575: 5574:Schloss Borbeck 5572: 5563: 5560: 5551: 5546: 5537: 5532: 5523: 5518: 5509: 5507:Museum Folkwang 5504: 5495: 5490: 5463:cultural centre 5453:musical theatre 5405:Museum Folkwang 5401: 5394: 5391: 5382: 5379: 5370: 5367: 5358: 5355: 5346: 5343: 5334: 5331: 5322: 5319: 5310: 5307: 5259:In Werden, St. 5237: 5230: 5227: 5218: 5215: 5206: 5203: 5194: 5191: 5159:railway station 5111: 5104: 5101: 5092: 5089: 5080: 5077: 5068: 5067:Synagogue, 1922 5065: 5056: 5055:Synagogue, 1917 5053: 5036: 5030: 5023: 5020: 5011: 5008: 4999: 4998:, tenth century 4993: 4984: 4979: 4970: 4965: 4909:Bishop of Essen 4901: 4894: 4891: 4882: 4879: 4870: 4867: 4858: 4855: 4846: 4843: 4783: 4778: 4762:flight training 4736:, providing an 4700: 4641: 4638: 4629: 4623: 4614: 4611: 4602: 4599: 4590: 4587:Essen Stadtbahn 4584: 4575: 4570: 4528:Essen Stadtbahn 4493: 4481:Autobahndreieck 4458:Central Germany 4412:Ruhrschleichweg 4376: 4371: 4364: 4361: 4352: 4349: 4316: 4283: 4280: 4271: 4268: 4259: 4256: 4247: 4242: 4178: 4154: 4141: 4124:WAZ Media Group 4108: 4101: 4098: 4089: 4086: 4077: 4074: 4014: 4007: 4004: 3995: 3992: 3983: 3980: 3971: 3965: 3956: 3950: 3941: 3935: 3926: 3920: 3911: 3905: 3896: 3890: 3881: 3875: 3788: 3783: 3749: 3744: 3741:, Poland (2015) 3735:, Israel (1991) 3717:, Russia (1991) 3715:Nizhny Novgorod 3711:, France (1974) 3691: 3685: 3669: 3377: 3367:hotel near the 3360: 3316: 3315: 3296: 2752: 2608:Daniel Kerekeš 2497: 2378: 2361: 2353:Museum Folkwang 2322: 2299: 2270:Royal Air Force 2246: 2235: 2224: 2183: 2152: 2121: 2101:Friedrich Krupp 2086: 2085: 2084: 2083: 2082: 2079: 2071: 2070: 2063: 2052: 2021: 1957: 1833: 1794: 1783: 1759:Megalithic tomb 1738: 1722: 1714:Frankish Empire 1670: 1657: 1650: 1645: 1496: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 985:oceanic climate 981: 946: 901: 861: 850: 839: 828: 815: 804: 789: 776: 765: 754: 743: 733: 728: 594: 583: 528: 527: 524:[ˈɛsn̩] 519: 467: 439: 363: 288: 286: 282: 279: 274: 271: 269: 267: 266: 260: 259: 258: 257: 254: 253: 252: 251: 250: 247: 244: 227: 226: 225: 222: 221: 220: 219: 218: 215: 212: 190: 189: 181: 180: 179: 178: 169: 168: 153: 130: 129: 128: 127: 126: 125: 116: 115: 114: 107: 98: 97: 96: 89: 80: 79: 78: 71: 62: 61: 60: 44: 35: 32: 26: 21: 12: 11: 5: 10006: 9996: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9958: 9957: 9954: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9882: 9870: 9867: 9866: 9864: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9808: 9806:Recklinghausen 9803: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9703: 9701: 9695: 9694: 9687: 9685: 9683: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9562: 9560: 9554: 9553: 9544: 9543: 9536: 9529: 9521: 9512: 9511: 9509: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9496:Municipalities 9493: 9487: 9484: 9483: 9481: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9423:Recklinghausen 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9274: 9272: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 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Stern 6220: 6217:John Steppling 6214: 6208: 6202: 6196: 6190: 6184: 6178: 6172: 6166: 6160: 6154: 6151:Mille Petrozza 6148: 6142: 6139:Henry Osterman 6136: 6130: 6124: 6118: 6112: 6106: 6100: 6094: 6091:Arthur Laumann 6088: 6082: 6076: 6070: 6064: 6058: 6052: 6046: 6040: 6034: 6028: 6022: 6016: 6010: 6004: 5998: 5995:André Hoffmann 5992: 5986: 5980: 5974: 5968: 5962: 5956: 5950: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5923: 5914: 5908: 5902: 5896: 5893:Wilhelm Börger 5890: 5884: 5878: 5872: 5866: 5860: 5857:Jürgen Bartsch 5854: 5848: 5842: 5836: 5830: 5823: 5818: 5815: 5807: 5806:Notable people 5804: 5803: 5802: 5799: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5696: 5694: 5688: 5681: 5679: 5670: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5626: 5612: 5609:Robert Schmidt 5602: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5588: 5585: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5554: 5552: 5549:Grillo-Theater 5547: 5540: 5538: 5533: 5526: 5524: 5519: 5512: 5510: 5505: 5498: 5496: 5491: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5477:Grillo-Theater 5474: 5465:and venue for 5456: 5440: 5434: 5420: 5400: 5397: 5396: 5395: 5392: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5301: 5284:basilica minor 5236: 5233: 5232: 5231: 5228: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5185: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5105: 5102: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5047: 5032:Main article: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5002: 5000: 4994: 4987: 4985: 4980: 4973: 4971: 4966: 4959: 4929:Ottonian times 4900: 4897: 4896: 4895: 4892: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4837: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4699: 4696: 4643: 4642: 4639: 4632: 4630: 4628:subway station 4624: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4593: 4591: 4585: 4578: 4576: 4571: 4564: 4499:subsidiary of 4492: 4489: 4477:Ruhrschnellweg 4444:A part of the 4400:Ruhrschnellweg 4383:Ruhrschnellweg 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4362: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4343: 4315: 4312: 4306:Fachhochschule 4297:nanotechnology 4285: 4284: 4281: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4250: 4248: 4243: 4236: 4177: 4174: 4120:Lokalzeit Ruhr 4107: 4104: 4103: 4102: 4099: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4068: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4008: 4005: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3986: 3984: 3982:Postbank Essen 3981: 3974: 3972: 3966: 3959: 3957: 3951: 3944: 3942: 3936: 3929: 3927: 3921: 3914: 3912: 3906: 3899: 3897: 3891: 3884: 3882: 3876: 3869: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3778: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3764:, China (2008) 3759: 3758:, Japan (2017) 3748: 3745: 3743: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3705:, China (2015) 3699: 3684: 3681: 3668: 3665: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3606: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3595: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3540: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3518: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3496: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3419: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3397: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3376: 3373: 3306: 3305: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3220:Invalid votes 3217: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3200: 3199: 3191: 3188: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3050: 3047: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3015: 3012: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2953: 2950: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2930: 2927: 2926: 2918: 2915: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2891: 2883: 2880: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2848: 2845: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2813: 2810: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2737: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2707:Invalid votes 2704: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2693: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2496: 2493: 2477:administration 2473:representative 2426:Rhine Province 2418:secularization 2386:Imperial Abbey 2377: 2374: 2360: 2357: 2321: 2318: 2281:were lynched. 2222:Humboldtstraße 2182: 2179: 2151: 2148: 2140:Grillo-Theater 2080: 2073: 2072: 2064: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2020: 2017: 1956: 1953: 1943:and sister of 1832: 1829: 1721: 1718: 1669: 1666: 1649: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1592:sunshine hours 1587: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1539: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1492: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1023: 1013: 1005:marine climate 980: 977: 945: 944:City districts 942: 888:kreisangehörig 866: 865: 854: 843: 832: 820: 819: 808: 793: 781: 780: 769: 758: 747: 732: 729: 727: 724: 688:Strukturwandel 615:Low Franconian 503: 502: 497: 493: 492: 489: 483: 482: 475: 473:Dialling codes 469: 468: 465: 463: 457: 456: 446: 436: 435: 425: 419: 418: 415: 411: 410: 407: 403: 402: 398: 397: 394: 390: 389: 386: 382: 381: 377: 376: 366: 356: 355: 351: 350: 347: 343: 342: 340:Urban district 337: 331: 330: 325: 319: 318: 313: 307: 306: 301: 297: 296: 262: 261: 246: 245: 238: 237: 231: 230: 229: 228: 214: 213: 206: 205: 199: 198: 197: 196: 195: 192: 191: 187: 186: 183: 182: 176: 170: 166: 160: 159: 158: 155: 154: 131: 119: 118: 117: 108: 101: 100: 99: 90: 83: 82: 81: 72: 65: 64: 63: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 49: 46: 45: 40: 37: 36: 31: 24: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10005: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9970: 9968: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9941:Saxony-Anhalt 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9883: 9880: 9876: 9874: 9868: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9765: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9704: 9702: 9700: 9696: 9691: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9611:Gelsenkirchen 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9563: 9561: 9559: 9555: 9550: 9542: 9537: 9535: 9530: 9528: 9523: 9522: 9519: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9491:Complete list 9489: 9488: 9485: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9275: 9273: 9269: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9192:Halle (Saale) 9190: 9188: 9187:Gelsenkirchen 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9134: 9132: 9128: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9067: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9025: 9020: 9018: 9013: 9011: 9006: 9005: 9002: 8990: 8987: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8956: 8953: 8948: 8946: 8945: 8941: 8939: 8938: 8934: 8932: 8931: 8927: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8814:San Sebastián 8812: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8419: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8384: 8383: 8380: 8376: 8369: 8364: 8362: 8357: 8355: 8350: 8349: 8346: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8291:Südostviertel 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8251:Rellinghausen 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8191:Holsterhausen 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8126:Burgaltendorf 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8116:Borbeck-Mitte 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8083: 8080: 8076: 8068: 8063: 8061: 8056: 8054: 8049: 8048: 8045: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8027: 8024: 8020: 8015: 8014: 8007: 7982: 7978: 7975:Stadt Essen. 7971: 7952: 7945: 7939: 7923: 7919: 7918: 7913: 7907: 7891: 7887: 7881: 7865: 7861: 7860: 7855: 7849: 7841: 7837: 7831: 7815: 7811: 7805: 7798: 7794: 7791:According to 7788: 7780: 7776: 7770: 7751: 7743: 7737: 7728: 7712: 7706: 7701: 7697: 7691: 7684: 7680: 7677: 7672: 7656: 7652: 7646: 7639: 7638: 7633: 7629: 7626: 7623:John Rettie, 7620: 7613: 7612: 7607: 7603: 7600: 7594: 7588: 7584: 7583: 7578: 7572: 7556: 7552: 7548: 7542: 7523: 7519: 7512: 7506: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7476: 7460: 7456: 7455: 7450: 7443: 7435: 7429: 7423: 7419: 7416: 7411: 7395: 7391: 7385: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7355: 7348: 7342: 7335: 7331: 7327: 7324: 7319: 7312: 7308: 7305: 7300: 7293: 7289: 7286: 7281: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7259: 7248: 7244: 7243: 7235: 7229: 7213: 7209: 7203: 7187: 7183: 7177: 7161: 7157: 7151: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7133: 7128: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7096: 7092: 7091:Wilhelm Deist 7080: 7064: 7060: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7042: 7038: 7035: 7030: 7024:, 2002, p. 32 7023: 7019: 7016:Detlef Hopp: 7013: 7003: 6999: 6996: 6991: 6984: 6980: 6974: 6958: 6954: 6951:Stadt Essen. 6947: 6941: 6937: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6910: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6880: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6850: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6820: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6790: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6760: 6744: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6728: 6712: 6708: 6707: 6702: 6696: 6680: 6676: 6670: 6654: 6650: 6644: 6629: 6626:(in German). 6625: 6619: 6612: 6608: 6605: 6600: 6596: 6588: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6573: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6554: 6552: 6547: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6532:BV Altenessen 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6516:Stadion Essen 6513: 6509: 6505: 6498: 6497:Stadion Essen 6494: 6485: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6460:, as well as 6459: 6455: 6451: 6443: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6430: 6426: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6410: 6404: 6399: 6395: 6392: 6386: 6381: 6377: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6361:industrialist 6358: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6343: 6338: 6334: 6331: 6325: 6320: 6316: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6305: 6304: 6301: 6287: 6284: 6281: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6269: 6268:Albert Vögler 6266: 6263: 6260: 6257: 6254: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6236: 6233: 6230: 6227: 6224: 6221: 6218: 6215: 6212: 6209: 6206: 6203: 6200: 6197: 6194: 6191: 6188: 6187:Heinz Rühmann 6185: 6182: 6179: 6176: 6173: 6170: 6169:Otto Rehhagel 6167: 6164: 6161: 6158: 6155: 6152: 6149: 6146: 6143: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6131: 6128: 6125: 6122: 6119: 6116: 6113: 6110: 6107: 6104: 6101: 6098: 6095: 6092: 6089: 6086: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6071: 6068: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6044: 6041: 6038: 6035: 6032: 6031:Diether Krebs 6029: 6026: 6023: 6020: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6005: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5983:Walter Heiman 5981: 5978: 5975: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5963: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5945: 5942: 5939: 5938:Marius Ebbers 5936: 5933: 5930: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919:(1885–1945), 5918: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5903: 5900: 5897: 5894: 5891: 5888: 5885: 5882: 5881:Franz Blücher 5879: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5869:Naftali Bezem 5867: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5851:Karl Baedeker 5849: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5839:Theo Albrecht 5837: 5834: 5833:Karl Albrecht 5831: 5828: 5827:Gerd Albrecht 5825: 5824: 5822: 5813: 5796: 5791: 5784: 5779: 5772: 5767: 5760: 5755: 5748: 5743: 5736: 5731: 5724: 5719: 5712: 5707: 5700: 5695: 5692: 5685: 5680: 5677: 5673: 5667: 5662: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5630: 5627: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5605:Moltkeviertel 5603: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5582: 5577: 5570: 5565: 5558: 5553: 5550: 5544: 5539: 5536: 5530: 5525: 5522: 5521:Aalto Theatre 5516: 5511: 5508: 5502: 5497: 5494: 5493:Saalbau Essen 5488: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5475: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5457: 5454: 5444: 5441: 5438: 5437:Saalbau Essen 5435: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5423:Aalto Theatre 5421: 5418: 5416: 5410: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5393:Essen Kettwig 5389: 5384: 5377: 5372: 5365: 5360: 5353: 5348: 5341: 5336: 5329: 5324: 5317: 5312: 5305: 5300: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5257: 5255: 5246: 5241: 5225: 5220: 5213: 5208: 5201: 5196: 5189: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5180: 5176: 5171: 5170: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5135:peculiarities 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5099: 5094: 5087: 5082: 5075: 5070: 5063: 5058: 5051: 5046: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5035: 5028:Old Synagogue 5018: 5013: 5006: 5001: 4997: 4991: 4986: 4983: 4977: 4972: 4969: 4963: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4889: 4884: 4877: 4872: 4865: 4860: 4853: 4848: 4841: 4836: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4819: 4818: 4811: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4788: 4773: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4708: 4704: 4695: 4693: 4688: 4686: 4681: 4675: 4671: 4667: 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4047: 4043: 4040:auto show in 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4018: 4002: 3997: 3990: 3985: 3978: 3973: 3969: 3963: 3958: 3954: 3948: 3943: 3939: 3933: 3928: 3924: 3918: 3913: 3909: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3888: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3851: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3817:, as well as 3816: 3812: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3753: 3752: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3690: 3680: 3678: 3674: 3664: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3641: 3640:Gelsenkirchen 3637: 3633: 3629: 3618: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3519: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3453: 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2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2095: 2090: 2077: 2068: 2061: 2047: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2016: 2014: 2009: 2007: 2004:filed at the 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1973:Reichsfürstin 1970: 1961: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1898: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1874:smallholdings 1871: 1868: 1864: 1863:Saint Liudger 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1841: 1840:Essen Minster 1837: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1817: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1742: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1728: 1720:Early history 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1661: 1655: 1640: 1635: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590:Mean monthly 1588: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1493: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1424: 1423:precipitation 1419: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1349: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1279: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1209: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1139: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1069: 1025: 1021: 1016: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 957: 956:Roman numeral 953: 952: 941: 937: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 905: 900: 899:Lake Baldeney 895: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 864: 859: 855: 853: 848: 844: 842: 837: 833: 831: 826: 822: 821: 818: 813: 809: 798: 792: 787: 783: 782: 779: 778:Gelsenkirchen 774: 770: 768: 763: 759: 757: 752: 748: 746: 741: 737: 736: 723: 721: 717: 712: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 689: 684: 679: 675: 671: 666: 663: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 621: 619: 616: 612: 608: 604: 598: 593: 592:Kettwiger See 587: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 531: 525: 517: 509: 501: 498: 494: 490: 488: 484: 480: 477:0201, 02054 ( 476: 474: 470: 464: 462: 458: 454: 450: 447: 443: 437: 433: 429: 426: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 378: 374: 370: 367: 362: 359: • 357: 352: 348: 344: 341: 338: 336: 332: 329: 326: 324: 323:Admin. region 320: 317: 314: 312: 308: 305: 302: 298: 293: 265:Coordinates: 263: 235: 203: 193: 184: 174: 164: 156: 151: 147: 143: 142:Essen Saalbau 139: 135: 134:Essen Minster 123: 112: 105: 94: 87: 76: 69: 58: 47: 43: 38: 29: 23: 19: 9911:Lower Saxony 9871: 9763: 9632: 9605: 9373:Ludwigshafen 9162:Braunschweig 9095: 8942: 8935: 8928: 8718: 8514:Thessaloniki 8256:Rüttenscheid 8146:Freisenbruch 8106:Bergerhausen 8101:Bergeborbeck 8074: 8073:Boroughs of 8000:Bibliography 7985:. Retrieved 7981:the original 7970: 7958:. Retrieved 7951:the original 7938: 7926:. Retrieved 7922:the original 7915: 7906: 7894:. Retrieved 7890:the original 7880: 7868:. Retrieved 7857: 7848: 7840:the original 7830: 7818:. Retrieved 7814:the original 7804: 7796: 7792: 7787: 7779:the original 7769: 7757:. Retrieved 7750:the original 7736: 7727: 7715:. Retrieved 7711:the original 7690: 7671: 7659:. Retrieved 7655:the original 7645: 7635: 7619: 7609: 7593: 7580: 7571: 7559:. Retrieved 7550: 7541: 7529:. Retrieved 7517: 7505: 7493:. Retrieved 7484: 7475: 7463:. Retrieved 7459:the original 7452: 7442: 7428: 7410: 7398:. Retrieved 7394:the original 7384: 7372:. Retrieved 7368:the original 7363: 7354: 7346: 7341: 7318: 7299: 7280: 7272:the original 7267: 7258: 7240: 7228: 7216:. Retrieved 7212:the original 7202: 7190:. Retrieved 7176: 7164:. Retrieved 7160:the original 7150: 7127: 7110: 7102: 7094: 7079: 7067:. 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Retrieved 6618: 6599: 6574: 6555: 6548: 6502:The biggest 6501: 6482:World War II 6464:, the first 6449: 6447: 6431: 6408: 6363: 6297: 6286:Daniel Wende 6244: 6175:Uwe Reinders 6115:Armin Meiwes 6103:Jens Lehmann 6079:Hubert Lampo 6073:Heinz Kubsch 6055:Bertha Krupp 6043:Alfred Krupp 6001:Axel Honneth 5965:Harald Grohs 5947: 5920: 5905:Sabine Braun 5845:Peter Anders 5820: 5675: 5608: 5412: 5357:Essen Werden 5321:Essen Werden 5309:Essen Werden 5292: 5277:St. Ludgerus 5276: 5265:Werden Abbey 5258: 5250: 5162: 5115:Alfred Krupp 5112: 5037: 4944: 4932: 4902: 4830: 4822: 4812: 4784: 4711: 4691: 4689: 4655: 4644: 4549: 4535: 4521: 4494: 4485: 4462: 4443: 4428: 4416:Bundesstraße 4411: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4321:World War II 4317: 4304: 4292: 4286: 4221: 4217: 4194:Werden Abbey 4179: 4167: 4150: 4137: 4133: 4127: 4119: 4109: 4023: 3970:headquarters 3955:headquarters 3940:headquarters 3925:headquarters 3910:headquarters 3878:ThyssenKrupp 3792:ThyssenKrupp 3789: 3750: 3692: 3670: 3625: 3375:Demographics 3369:main station 3319: 3317: 3294:Coat of arms 3203:Valid votes 3146:Volt Germany 2935:(Die Linke) 2761: 2750:City council 2696:Valid votes 2554:Oliver Kern 2535:Thomas Kufen 2509: 2501:Thomas Kufen 2498: 2484: 2480: 2464:World War II 2453: 2430: 2398:burgomasters 2394:city council 2379: 2371:(background) 2337:ThyssenKrupp 2334: 2311: 2300: 2283: 2263: 2216:in Essen in 2199: 2184: 2164: 2161: 2098: 2091: 2087: 2041: 2022: 2010: 1995:. The title 1976: 1972: 1969:Frederick II 1966: 1918: 1903: 1899: 1870:Werden Abbey 1854: 1844: 1819: 1815: 1809: 1803: 1778: 1763: 1725: 1723: 1705: 1699: 1681: 1671: 1425:mm (inches) 992: 982: 951:Stadtbezirke 949: 947: 938: 896: 887: 869: 841:Heiligenhaus 713: 711:since 2001. 697:coking plant 667: 622: 515: 514: 500:www.essen.de 461:Postal codes 369:Thomas Kufen 346:Subdivisions 177:Coat of arms 152:headquarters 150:ThyssenKrupp 22: 9896:Brandenburg 9443:Saarbrücken 9288:Bremerhaven 8955:Nova Gorica 8321:Westviertel 8286:Stoppenberg 8261:Schonnebeck 8241:Nordviertel 8161:Frohnhausen 8151:Frillendorf 7703: [ 7700:Radio Essen 7575:Nick Hall, 7551:www.eon.com 7465:13 February 7112:Der Spiegel 7046:Der Spiegel 7006:(in German) 6799:Weatherbase 6706:Der Spiegel 6551:TUSEM Essen 6401: [ 6393:(1886–1906) 6383: [ 6340: [ 6322: [ 6157:Helmut Rahn 6007:Carl Humann 5932:Marc Degens 5899:Karl Brandt 5764:Baldeneysee 5752:Baldeneysee 5740:Baldeneysee 5632: [ 5629:Baldeneysee 5598:Gartenstadt 5592:Other sites 5273:Essen Abbey 5243:Borough of 5217:Villa Hügel 5205:Villa Hügel 5193:Villa Hügel 5169:Gründerzeit 5163:Essen Hügel 5119:Villa Hügel 5109:Villa Hügel 4953:candelabrum 4945:child crown 4905:Essen Abbey 4589:NF2-TW 1601 4545:underground 4530:network, 7 4155: [ 4142: [ 4030:trade fairs 4026:Messe Essen 3968:Schenker AG 3811:Schenker AG 3774:Ulaanbaatar 3630:area after 3361: [ 3332:secularized 3328:mural crown 2454:During the 2431:During the 2412:of 1802 by 2247: [ 2236: [ 2225: [ 2206:Krupp trial 2023:During the 1921:Mathilde II 1914:River Rhine 1910:Lotharingia 1886:Halberstadt 1867:Benedictine 1861:). In 799, 1859:Essen Abbey 1795: [ 1784: [ 1739: [ 1696:capitalized 917:coal miners 902: [ 880:megalopolis 876:urban areas 674:Essen Abbey 611:Westphalian 595: [ 584: [ 581:Baldeneysee 466:45001–45359 287: / 138:Villa Hügel 9967:Categories 9732:Euskirchen 9665:Oberhausen 9645:Leverkusen 9601:Düsseldorf 9551:in Germany 9448:Salzgitter 9438:Reutlingen 9428:Regensburg 9368:Leverkusen 9353:Ingolstadt 9348:Hildesheim 9333:Heidelberg 9247:Oberhausen 9091:Düsseldorf 9038:1,000,000+ 8849:Leeuwarden 8504:Copenhagen 8296:Südviertel 8266:Schönebeck 8246:Ostviertel 8226:Kupferdreh 8211:Katernberg 8181:Heidhausen 8141:Fischlaken 8096:Bedingrade 8091:Altenessen 7759:20 October 7531:2 February 7495:2 February 7218:21 October 7192:21 October 7166:21 October 6929:31 January 6809:31 January 6591:References 6478:Yad Vashem 6470:Else Beitz 6429:councilman 6391:Lord Mayor 6374:benefactor 6351:theologian 6330:politician 6193:Leroy Sané 6121:Frank Mill 5875:Ali Bilgin 5644:River Ruhr 5640:reservoirs 5459:Zeche Carl 5427:asymmetric 5413:Deutsches 5229:Great hall 4881:Ruhrmuseum 4831:Ruhrmuseum 4647:guided bus 4469:Düsseldorf 4435:Oberhausen 4395:Autobahnen 4172:in Essen. 4050:car tuning 3721:Sunderland 3687:See also: 3644:Oberhausen 3343:escutcheon 3173:(Piraten) 3030:Die PARTEI 2630:Die PARTEI 2518:Candidate 2460:Nazi Party 2410:annexation 2233:Gelsenberg 2001:Charles IV 1908:, King of 1906:Zwentibold 1827:as Essen. 1811:Geographia 1792:Herrenburg 1755:Mesolithic 1674:infinitive 1497:(≥ 0.1 mm) 892:River Ruhr 745:Oberhausen 722:for 2017. 662:Ruhrbistum 607:Low German 603:reservoirs 577:Ruhr River 561:Rhine-Ruhr 553:Düsseldorf 401:Population 361:Lord mayor 354:Government 328:Düsseldorf 9951:Thuringia 9879:Full list 9873:Districts 9856:Warendorf 9841:Steinfurt 9801:Paderborn 9742:Heinsberg 9737:Gütersloh 9680:Wuppertal 9670:Remscheid 9571:Bielefeld 9473:Wolfsburg 9433:Remscheid 9413:Pforzheim 9408:Paderborn 9403:Osnabrück 9398:Oldenburg 9338:Heilbronn 9313:Gütersloh 9308:Göttingen 9293:Darmstadt 9262:Wuppertal 9257:Wiesbaden 9222:Magdeburg 9197:Karlsruhe 9147:Bielefeld 9121:Stuttgart 9116:Nuremberg 8937:Bad Ischl 8914:Timișoara 8774:Marseille 8759:Guimarães 8694:Stavanger 8689:Liverpool 8614:Salamanca 8594:Rotterdam 8544:Reykjavík 8524:Stockholm 8411:Amsterdam 8311:Vogelheim 8276:Stadtwald 8271:Stadtkern 8186:Heisingen 8171:Gerschede 8086:Altendorf 7917:Opernwelt 6558:ETB Essen 6540:SGS Essen 6370:tradesman 6245:Gauleiter 5959:Matt Frei 5948:Gauleiter 5672:Grugapark 5615:Grugapark 5151:induction 5147:telephone 5143:telegraph 5139:gas works 5131:novelties 4917:sandstone 4776:Landmarks 4738:asphalted 4560:network. 4524:Stadtbahn 4513:InterCity 4369:Transport 4226:Ruhr.2010 4176:Education 4042:Las Vegas 3835:Deichmann 3831:Medion AG 3819:Aldi Nord 3703:Changzhou 3693:Essen is 3032:(PARTEI) 2449:Freikorps 2369:city hall 2274:long tons 2210:Nuremberg 2191:synagogue 2123:‹See Tfd› 2114:Mussolini 2094:gunsmiths 2033:Bavarians 1989:Rudolph I 1882:Helmstedt 1751:Stone Age 1736:Vogelheim 1710:ash trees 1001:Stuttgart 965:area code 909:reservoir 863:Hattingen 726:Geography 569:Rhineland 449:UTC+02:00 428:UTC+01:00 423:Time zone 393:Elevation 272:51°27′3″N 9931:Saarland 9781:Mettmann 9717:Coesfeld 9675:Solingen 9596:Duisburg 9591:Dortmund 9478:Würzburg 9458:Solingen 9298:Erlangen 9232:Mannheim 9172:Duisburg 9167:Chemnitz 9142:Augsburg 9081:Dortmund 8964:Chemnitz 8919:Elefsina 8909:Veszprém 8899:Novi Sad 8844:Valletta 8724:Istanbul 8559:Brussels 8554:Helsinki 8401:Florence 8306:Überruhr 8176:Haarzopf 8156:Frintrop 8121:Bredeney 7864:Archived 7679:Archived 7628:Archived 7602:Archived 7555:Archived 7522:Archived 7518:essen.de 7489:Archived 7485:essen.de 7418:Archived 7364:essen.de 7326:Archived 7307:Archived 7288:Archived 7247:Archived 7186:Archived 7135:Archived 7117:Archived 7037:Archived 6998:Archived 6957:Archived 6936:Archived 6923:Archived 6833:Archived 6803:Archived 6773:Archived 6743:Archived 6711:Archived 6679:Archived 6653:Archived 6607:Archived 5863:Ute Berg 5263:founded 4921:westwork 4758:airships 4752:than at 4750:obscured 4698:Aviation 4692:Ruhrbahn 4497:DB Regio 4420:motorway 4329:oncology 4314:Medicine 4206:Dortmund 4198:Duisburg 4190:Dortmund 4062:Equitana 3938:Hochtief 3863:Brenntag 3827:Karstadt 3815:Hochtief 3796:Duisburg 3756:Kōriyama 3733:Tel Aviv 3709:Grenoble 3632:Dortmund 3284:Source: 3264:446,384 3240:214,839 3206:212,512 2933:The Left 2865:(Grüne) 2740:Source: 2732:446,384 2721:214,548 2699:212,687 2612:The Left 2544:115,415 2462:. After 2447:and the 2359:Politics 2349:Stiftung 2214:subcamps 2126:German: 1945:Otto III 1937:Ottonian 1919:In 971, 1895:chastity 1880:region ( 1781:Alteburg 1770:Bructeri 1637:Source: 1632:1,593.7 1542:Average 1490:(36.43) 1421:Average 1020:Bredeney 830:Ratingen 767:Gladbeck 699:and the 645:Duisburg 537:Dortmund 335:District 275:7°0′47″E 9891:Bavaria 9851:Viersen 9762:Kleve ( 9747:Herford 9660:Münster 9655:Mülheim 9640:Krefeld 9633:Cologne 9586:Bottrop 9418:Potsdam 9363:Koblenz 9283:Bottrop 9252:Rostock 9237:Münster 9212:Krefeld 9111:Leipzig 9106:Hanover 9086:Dresden 9055:Hamburg 9050:Cologne 8989:Liepāja 8979:Trenčín 8959:Gorizia 8859:Plovdiv 8819:Wrocław 8754:Maribor 8744:Tallinn 8709:Vilnius 8629:Plovdiv 8584:Bologna 8579:Avignon 8474:Antwerp 8444:Glasgow 8216:Kettwig 8201:Huttrop 8166:Fulerum 8136:Dellwig 8111:Bochold 7987:6 April 7960:6 April 7928:6 April 7896:6 April 7820:6 April 7661:29 July 7400:6 April 7069:6 April 6963:6 April 6659:19 June 6633:20 June 6520:3. Liga 5817:Natives 5648:sailing 5642:of the 5269:Altfrid 5245:Kettwig 4941:Madonna 4817:Kumpels 4792:Bauhaus 4742:gliding 4728:: ESS, 4685:Borbeck 4656:Of the 4479:at the 4319:during 3786:Economy 3762:Qingdao 3727:Tampere 3695:twinned 3612:571,039 3601:566,201 3590:591,889 3579:626,973 3568:647,643 3557:677,568 3546:696,733 3535:730,970 3524:698,925 3513:605,411 3502:666,743 3491:654,461 3480:470,524 3469:439,257 3461:+140.7% 3458:231,360 3439:+484.5% 3148:(Volt) 2903:15,849 2868:39,569 2833:51,550 2798:73,206 2598:12,695 2580:25,924 2562:43,093 2503:of the 2451:alike. 2414:Prussia 2330:Bottrop 2305:of the 2290:Velbert 1941:Otto II 1847:Altfrid 1825:Navalia 1821:oppidum 1806:Ptolemy 1706:Astnide 1676:of the 1648:History 1485:(3.70) 1480:(3.13) 1475:(3.04) 1470:(2.91) 1465:(3.63) 1460:(3.37) 1455:(3.11) 1450:(2.64) 1445:(2.07) 1440:(2.58) 1435:(2.63) 1430:(3.34) 1406:(19.9) 1401:(27.9) 1396:(37.8) 1391:(42.8) 1386:(39.9) 1381:(33.8) 1376:(30.9) 1371:(23.7) 1366:(12.0) 1346:(44.8) 1341:(34.9) 1336:(39.7) 1331:(46.2) 1326:(52.3) 1321:(57.6) 1316:(57.7) 1311:(53.6) 1306:(48.6) 1301:(42.6) 1296:(37.6) 1291:(33.4) 1286:(33.1) 1276:(50.9) 1271:(38.7) 1266:(44.1) 1261:(51.4) 1256:(58.8) 1251:(65.1) 1246:(65.7) 1241:(61.9) 1236:(56.8) 1231:(50.4) 1226:(43.5) 1221:(38.1) 1216:(37.2) 1206:(57.4) 1201:(42.3) 1196:(48.4) 1191:(57.6) 1186:(66.2) 1181:(73.4) 1176:(74.3) 1171:(70.0) 1166:(64.8) 1161:(58.1) 1156:(50.0) 1151:(43.0) 1146:(41.2) 1136:(93.7) 1131:(60.4) 1126:(67.6) 1121:(79.0) 1116:(87.1) 1111:(93.7) 1106:(92.3) 1101:(90.1) 1096:(85.6) 1091:(84.0) 1086:(73.8) 1081:(65.7) 1076:(56.3) 979:Climate 961:Kettwig 921:Kettwig 852:Velbert 756:Bottrop 731:General 641:Red Dot 618:Bergish 573:Emscher 549:Cologne 496:Website 479:Kettwig 409:586,608 304:Germany 300:Country 248:Essen 216:Essen 33:Essen 9936:Saxony 9901:Bremen 9764:Cleves 9757:Höxter 9712:Borken 9707:Aachen 9631:Köln ( 9576:Bochum 9566:Aachen 9453:Siegen 9217:Lübeck 9202:Kassel 9177:Erfurt 9152:Bochum 9137:Aachen 9076:Bremen 9060:Munich 9045:Berlin 8889:Kaunas 8879:Galway 8874:Rijeka 8864:Matera 8834:Paphos 8829:Aarhus 8769:Košice 8664:Patras 8609:Bruges 8569:Kraków 8564:Prague 8549:Bergen 8534:Weimar 8484:Lisbon 8464:Madrid 8454:Dublin 8424:Berlin 8391:Athens 8316:Werden 8301:Schuir 8281:Steele 8231:Leithe 8206:Karnap 8131:Byfang 7870:12 May 7717:12 May 7561:12 May 7374:12 May 6981:, in: 6869:12 May 6779:12 May 6749:12 May 6717:12 May 6685:12 May 5656:hikers 5652:rowing 5621:, the 5431:indigo 5417:Museum 5415:Plakat 5261:Ludger 5175:allies 5145:- and 4913:Gothic 4829:. The 4800:UNESCO 4746:Allies 4454:Kassel 4450:Aachen 4204:, and 4202:Bochum 4186:Bochum 3923:RWE AG 3893:RWE AG 3857:. The 3807:RWE AG 3739:Zabrze 3697:with: 3661:Poland 3653:Turkey 3636:Bochum 3527:+15.4% 3494:+39.1% 3472:+89.9% 3450:+86.6% 3447:96,128 3436:51,513 3428:+61.4% 3417:+15.7% 3351:patron 3243:100.0 3237:Total 3223:2,327 3118:(DKP) 3070:4,396 3035:5,282 3000:6,209 2973:6,476 2970:(FDP) 2938:8,309 2900:(AfD) 2830:(SPD) 2795:(CDU) 2782:Seats 2773:Votes 2770:Party 2724:100.0 2718:Total 2710:1,861 2652:4,200 2634:5,168 2616:5,414 2524:Votes 2521:Party 2475:. The 2279:airmen 2266:allied 2195:Steele 2110:Hitler 2035:under 1983:, the 1925:Otto I 1766:Chatti 1623:109.7 1620:149.7 1617:193.0 1614:208.2 1611:197.7 1608:204.7 1605:172.9 1602:125.9 1537:193.1 1416:(1.2) 1411:(1.9) 1361:(3.4) 1356:(1.2) 1027:Month 997:Berlin 989:Köppen 913:Werden 817:Bochum 705:UNESCO 620:area. 547:after 9978:Essen 9906:Hesse 9861:Wesel 9836:Soest 9771:Lippe 9722:Düren 9626:Herne 9616:Hagen 9606:Essen 9463:Trier 9388:Neuss 9378:Moers 9343:Herne 9328:Hanau 9318:Hagen 9303:Fürth 9227:Mainz 9096:Essen 8930:Tartu 8804:Plzeň 8739:Turku 8719:Essen 8679:Sibiu 8644:Lille 8639:Genoa 8599:Porto 8434:Paris 8196:Horst 8075:Essen 7954:(PDF) 7947:(PDF) 7753:(PDF) 7746:(PDF) 7707:] 7525:(PDF) 7514:(PDF) 7250:(PDF) 7237:(PDF) 6839:4 May 6488:Sport 6440:2007 6413:1917 6405:] 6396:1912 6387:] 6378:1906 6355:1896 6344:] 6335:1895 6326:] 6317:1888 6307:1879 5676:Orion 5636:] 5281:papal 5155:clock 5123:Krupp 4925:crypt 4911:is a 4404:Venlo 4392:Four 4159:] 4146:] 4106:Media 4054:SPIEL 4012:Fairs 3768:Rivne 3657:Syria 3615:+0.9% 3604:−4.3% 3593:−5.6% 3582:−3.2% 3571:−4.4% 3560:−2.8% 3549:−4.7% 3538:+4.6% 3516:−9.2% 3505:+1.9% 3483:+7.1% 3425:8,813 3414:5,460 3403:4,721 3365:] 3339:Essen 3267:48.1 3209:98.9 2871:18.6 2836:24.3 2801:34.4 2735:48.1 2702:99.1 2583:12.2 2565:20.3 2547:54.3 2495:Mayor 2390:Essen 2251:] 2240:] 2229:] 2118:Reich 2067:Krupp 1949:crypt 1890:Saxon 1816:polis 1799:] 1788:] 1774:Marsi 1743:] 1732:blade 1701:Essen 1683:essen 1629:45.1 1626:60.6 1599:72.8 1596:55.4 1585:76.8 1582:86.1 1579:85.3 1576:81.9 1573:77.5 1570:71.4 1567:70.7 1564:71.3 1561:69.4 1558:68.8 1555:74.8 1552:80.5 1549:84.0 1534:19.9 1531:18.6 1528:16.3 1525:14.8 1522:15.3 1519:15.2 1516:14.5 1513:14.3 1510:13.3 1507:16.4 1504:16.1 1501:18.6 1488:925.3 1414:−17.1 1409:−16.7 1364:−11.1 1359:−15.9 1354:−17.1 1066:Year 906:] 803:Essen 707:as a 678:Krupp 599:] 588:] 516:Essen 311:State 9846:Unna 9796:Olpe 9621:Hamm 9581:Bonn 9358:Jena 9323:Hamm 9207:Kiel 9157:Bonn 8984:2027 8974:Oulu 8969:2026 8950:2025 8944:Bodø 8924:2024 8904:2023 8884:2022 8854:2019 8839:2018 8824:2017 8809:2016 8799:Mons 8794:2015 8789:Riga 8784:Umeå 8779:2014 8764:2013 8749:2012 8734:2011 8729:Pécs 8714:2010 8704:Linz 8699:2009 8684:2008 8669:2007 8659:2006 8654:Cork 8649:2005 8634:2004 8624:Graz 8619:2003 8604:2002 8589:2001 8539:2000 8529:1999 8519:1998 8509:1997 8499:1996 8489:1995 8479:1994 8469:1993 8459:1992 8449:1991 8439:1990 8429:1989 8421:West 8416:1988 8406:1987 8396:1986 8386:1985 8221:Kray 7989:2011 7962:2011 7930:2011 7898:2011 7872:2017 7822:2011 7761:2013 7719:2017 7663:2017 7563:2017 7533:2021 7497:2021 7467:2017 7402:2011 7376:2017 7220:2014 7194:2014 7168:2014 7071:2011 6965:2011 6931:2019 6919:NOAA 6901:2023 6871:2017 6841:2022 6811:2019 6781:2017 6751:2017 6719:2017 6687:2017 6661:2020 6635:2024 6562:ProA 6534:and 6372:and 5467:Rock 5133:and 5039:pre- 4923:and 4796:Ruhr 4785:The 4730:ICAO 4726:IATA 4664:and 4515:and 4465:A 52 4446:A 44 4437:and 4431:A 42 4408:Ruhr 4331:and 4287:The 4212:, a 4188:and 4169:Bild 4149:and 4116:Ruhr 4110:The 4038:SEMA 3908:E.ON 3850:E.ON 3833:and 3671:The 3659:and 3642:and 3628:Ruhr 3609:2022 3598:2011 3587:2001 3576:1990 3565:1980 3554:1975 3543:1970 3532:1963 3521:1956 3510:1950 3499:1939 3488:1933 3477:1925 3466:1919 3455:1905 3444:1895 3433:1871 3422:1849 3411:1831 3400:1816 3389:Pop. 3385:Year 3275:2.8 3226:1.1 3187:1.8 3179:0.0 3163:New 3157:New 3154:0.2 3151:357 3132:0.1 3124:0.2 3121:463 3108:New 3102:New 3099:0.4 3096:760 3082:New 3076:New 3073:2.1 3046:1.7 3038:2.5 3011:1.4 3003:2.9 2984:0.2 2976:3.0 2949:1.4 2941:3.9 2914:3.7 2906:7.5 2879:7.4 2844:9.7 2809:3.0 2785:+/- 2779:+/- 2713:0.9 2691:0.1 2688:232 2673:0.3 2670:546 2655:2.0 2637:2.4 2619:2.5 2601:6.0 2456:Nazi 2339:and 2284:The 2144:Ruhr 2112:and 2069:logo 1878:Harz 1779:The 1692:food 1690:for 1688:noun 1678:verb 1639:NOAA 1546:(%) 1483:94.0 1478:79.4 1473:77.3 1468:74.0 1463:92.2 1458:85.6 1453:79.1 1448:67.0 1443:52.5 1438:65.6 1433:66.7 1428:84.8 1404:−6.7 1399:−2.3 1374:−0.6 1369:−4.6 1324:11.3 1319:14.2 1314:14.3 1309:12.0 1274:10.5 1259:10.8 1254:14.9 1249:18.4 1244:18.7 1239:16.6 1234:13.8 1229:10.2 1204:14.1 1189:14.2 1184:19.0 1179:23.0 1174:23.5 1169:21.1 1164:18.2 1159:14.5 1154:10.0 1134:34.3 1129:15.8 1124:19.8 1119:26.1 1114:30.6 1109:34.3 1104:33.5 1099:32.3 1094:29.8 1089:28.9 1084:23.2 1079:18.7 1074:13.5 1063:Dec 1060:Nov 1057:Oct 1054:Sep 1051:Aug 1048:Jul 1045:Jun 1042:May 1039:Apr 1036:Mar 1033:Feb 1030:Jan 872:Ruhr 701:mine 631:and 629:E.ON 541:Ruhr 453:CEST 380:Area 167:Flag 42:City 9468:Ulm 7797:RVV 5041:war 4947:of 3859:DAX 3337:of 3248:86 3176:86 3138:±0 2990:±0 2882:16 2855:10 2847:21 2812:30 2388:of 2341:RWE 2208:at 2120:" ( 1818:or 1808:'s 1716:). 1698:as 1394:3.2 1389:6.0 1384:4.4 1379:1.0 1344:7.1 1339:1.6 1334:4.3 1329:7.9 1304:9.2 1299:5.9 1294:3.1 1289:0.8 1284:0.6 1269:3.7 1264:6.7 1224:6.4 1219:3.4 1214:2.9 1199:5.7 1194:9.1 1149:6.1 1144:5.1 999:or 993:Cfb 633:RWE 625:DAX 442:DST 432:CET 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