772:"âabstract universals logically or ontologically separate from the objects of sense perception. These forms are often put forth as the models or paradigms of which sensible things are "copies". Sensible bodies are in constant flux and imperfect and hence, by Plato's reckoning, less real than the forms which are eternal, unchanging, and complete. Typical examples of forms given by Plato are largeness, smallness, equality, unity, goodness, beauty, and justice.
4111:
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59:
2645:(mental habits and conditionings of ego personality). Svabhava is the nature of a person, which is a result of his or her samskaras (impressions created in the mind due to one's interaction with the external world). These samskaras create habits and mental models and those become our nature. While there is another kind of svabhava that is a pure internal quality â
2657:"to hold." It is that which holds an entity together. That is, Dharma is that which gives integrity to an entity and holds the core quality and identity (essence), form and function of that entity. Dharma is also defined as righteousness and duty. To do one's dharma is to be righteous, to do one's dharma is to do one's duty (express one's essence).
2543:, "What is the reality of things just as it is? It is the absence of essence. Unskilled persons whose eye of intelligence is obscured by the darkness of delusion conceive of an essence of things and then generate attachment and hostility with regard to them".
834:, who, although often described as a proto-existentialist, identified essence as "nature." For him, there is no such thing as "human nature" that determines how a human will behave or what a human will be. First, he or she exists, and then comes property.
783:, universals are not concrete entities, just voice's sounds; there are only individuals. Universals are words that can call to several individuals; for example, the word "homo". Therefore, a universal is reduced to a sound's emission.
827:", which he understood as a repudiation of the philosophical system that had come before him. Instead of "is-ness" generating "actuality," he argued that existence and actuality come first, and the essence is derived afterward.
751:) was introduced for the first time. Whereas the Being participated in entities is infinite and infinitely perfect, the essence â and not the matter â delimits the perfection of the Being in entities and makes them finite.
838:'s more materialist and skeptical existentialism furthered this existentialist tenet by flatly refuting any metaphysical essence, any soul, and arguing instead that there is merely existence, with attributes as essence.
2649:â we are here focusing only on the svabhava that was created due to samskaras (because to discover the pure, internal svabhava and smarana, one should become aware of one's samskaras and take control over them).
789:
distinguished between "real essences" and "nominal essences". Real essences are the thing(s) that makes a thing a thing, whereas nominal essences are our conception of what makes a thing a thing.
851:
the infinite inbound within the human (which can be lost, can atrophy, or can be developed into an equal part with the finite), depending upon the type of existentialist discourse.
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2829:
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2600:, along with any assertions that depend upon them, are limited to their function within the contexts and conventions that assert them, possibly somewhat akin to
2616:
are answered by stating that the Ship of
Theseus remains so (within the conventions that assert it) until it ceases to function as the Ship of Theseus.
2817:
735:
1405:
668:
to represent the whole expression. For
Aristotle and his scholastic followers, the notion of essence is closely linked to that of definition (
107:
1235:
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256.1.7. Translations from "The Great
Treatise on the Stages of the Path of Enlightenment", Vol. 3 by Tsong-Kha-Pa, Snow Lion Publications
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1371:
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or set of properties or attributes that make an entity the entity it is or, expressed negatively, without which it would lose its
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664:(thisness) for the same idea. This phrase presented such difficulties for its Latin translators that they coined the word
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The concept originates as a precise technical term with
Aristotle (although it can also be found in Plato), who used the
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it is the innate belief in essence that is considered to be an afflictive obscuration which serves as the root of
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as "an essence of things that does not depend on others; it is an intrinsic nature. The non-existence of that is
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692:(d. 100 AD) claimed that the word was created much earlier, by the stoic philosopher Sergius Plautus (
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569:) has various meanings and uses for different thinkers and in different contexts. It is used in
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means that essence is an intentional object of consciousness. Essence is interpreted as
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727:, it became the basis for consequent creation of derived terms in many languages.
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2984:
Divine
Essence and Divine Energies: Ecumenical Reflections on the Presence of God
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In understanding any individual personality, a distinction is made between one's
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are finite due to the finitude of their essence, even being without any matter.
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the ongoing being of a person (the character or internally determined goals); or
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suggests that concrete beings acquire their essence through their relations to "
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Ideas
Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy
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2106:
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literally meaning "the what it is" and corresponding to the scholastic term
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1728:
1664:
1634:
1614:
1558:
1124:
904:
776:
397:
934:
648:
literally meaning "the what it was to be". This also corresponds to the
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2609:
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2018:
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36:
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3202:
2981:
Athanasopoulos, Constantinos; Schneider, Christoph, eds. (2013).
2569:
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924:
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919:
685:
387:
3102:
3987:
Concluding
Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments
3582:
3532:
1644:
946:
765:
633:
392:
2815:
743:, states that in this work the distinction between essence (
627:, in order to provide an adequate Latin translation for the
3527:
3507:
3502:
3427:
3385:
3370:
958:
2565:
anti-essentialism lies at the root of
Buddhist praxis; and
3021:
1081:
841:
Thus, in existentialist discourse, essence can refer to:
3927:
A Treatise
Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
2980:
2792:
623:. The original Latin word was created purposefully, by
2883:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2022.
3018:
Brown, Stephen F. (1996). "Theology and Philosophy".
2728:"The Internet Classics Archive | Euthyphro by Plato"
3080:. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911.
699:Early use of the term is also attested in works of
589:, which is a property or attribute the entity has
3024:. Washington, D.C.: CUA Press. pp. 267â287.
3013:. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
4139:
16:That which makes or defines an entity what it is
593:, but upon which its identity does not depend.
3042:The Trinitarian Theology of Hilary of Poitiers
2828:]. Filosofia (in Italian) (3rd ed.).
684:(d. 65 AD) attributed creation of the word to
3118:
2482:
723:(d. 524) and later theologians, who wrote in
539:
3083:
3125:
3111:
2489:
2475:
546:
532:
2987:. Cambridge, UK: James Clarke & Co.
2783:S. Marc Cohen, "Aristotle's Metaphysics"
3038:
3001:
2562:all phenomena are empty of any essence;
4140:
3957:Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
3106:
3086:"Essential vs. Accidental Properties"
3072:"Nominalism, Realism, Conceptualism."
3017:
2798:
759:
4057:Interpretations of quantum mechanics
3977:The World as Will and Representation
2629:Chapter XV examines essence itself.
2465:Philosophy of religion article index
1362:Proper basis / Reformed epistemology
823:'s statement that for human beings "
3095:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3084:Robertson, Teresa; Atkins, Philip.
2929:BodhisattvayogacaryÄcatuáž„ĆatakaáčikÄ
2787:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
13:
2952:BuddhapÄlita-mula-madhyamaka-vrtti
14:
4219:
3061:
811:
513:Social and political philosophers
4120:
4110:
4109:
2612:, replacement paradoxes such as
2558:) is the strong assertion that:
747:, what the thing is) and Being (
656:or sometimes the shorter phrase
57:
43:
3907:Meditations on First Philosophy
3132:
2959:
2943:
2920:
2907:
830:In this respect he breaks with
2871:
2859:
2846:
2804:
2776:
2763:
2745:
2720:
845:a physical aspect or property;
1:
2714:
754:
711:, the term was often used in
585:. Essence is contrasted with
4092:Philosophy of space and time
596:
591:accidentally or contingently
7:
3967:The Phenomenology of Spirit
2950:
2927:
2660:
2632:
2580:also rejects the tenets of
2501:
1054:Best of all possible worlds
855:
715:, and through the works of
10:
4224:
2973:
2867:De generibus et speciebus.
2830:Edizioni Studio Domenicano
2533:adds, while commenting on
953:Scripture (religious text)
825:existence precedes essence
625:Ancient Roman philosophers
18:
4105:
4029:
3828:
3568:
3296:
3140:
3077:The Catholic Encyclopedia
3011:The Catholic Encyclopedia
2789:, accessed 20 April 2008.
2653:is derived from the root
688:(d. 43 BC), while rhetor
577:as a designation for the
260:Middle Eastern philosophy
4082:Philosophy of psychology
4017:Simulacra and Simulation
3045:. Leiden-Boston: Brill.
2826:Ontology and metaphysics
2592:; instead, the ideas of
2052:Friedrich Schleiermacher
1859:Philosophers of religion
21:Essence (disambiguation)
4188:Philosophy of Aristotle
4168:Existentialist concepts
4158:Metaphysical properties
3947:Critique of Pure Reason
3007:"Essence and Existence"
1472:Incompatible properties
733:, in his commentary on
3538:Typeâtoken distinction
3366:Hypostatic abstraction
3148:Abstract object theory
3039:Weedman, Mark (2007).
2956:, P5242, 73.5.6-74.1.2
2822:Ontologia e metafisica
1916:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
873:Philosophy of religion
819:is often summed up by
566:
483:Aesthetic philosophers
4208:Identity (philosophy)
4178:Metaphysical theories
4127:Philosophy portal
4007:Being and Nothingness
3423:Mental representation
2917:, paragraphs 3 and 4.
2880:Locke on Real Essence
2429:Faith and rationality
2414:Criticism of religion
2337:Robert Merrihew Adams
2327:Nicholas Wolterstorff
1816:Secular Shrine Theory
1650:Divine command theory
1447:Fate of the unlearned
64:Philosophy portal
4052:Feminist metaphysics
2626:Mulamadhyamakakarika
2540:MĆ«lamadhyamakakÄrikÄ
2449:Religious philosophy
2444:Religion and science
2434:History of religions
1921:Pico della Mirandola
1881:Anselm of Canterbury
1603:Theories of religion
707:(d. 240 AD). During
508:Philosophers of mind
19:For other uses, see
3897:Daneshnameh-ye Alai
3408:Linguistic modality
2832:. p. 146,151.
2117:Friedrich Nietzsche
2004:Gottfried W Leibniz
1999:Nicolas Malebranche
1931:King James VI and I
1498:Omnipotence paradox
1263:Fine-tuned universe
1150:Process-theological
518:Women in philosophy
248:Indigenous American
31:Part of a series on
4193:Philosophy of life
4087:Philosophy of self
4077:Philosophy of mind
3341:Embodied cognition
3253:Scientific realism
2854:De gener. et spec.
2801:, p. 275-276.
2708:Transubstantiation
2419:Ethics in religion
2377:William Lane Craig
2297:J. L. Schellenberg
2237:Charles Hartshorne
1989:Desiderius Erasmus
1886:Augustine of Hippo
1382:Intelligent design
1298:Necessary existent
1258:Existential choice
1060:Inconsistent triad
1006:Religious language
1001:Logical positivism
915:Intelligent design
760:Ontological status
713:Christian theology
211:Eastern philosophy
4153:Concepts in logic
4135:
4134:
3314:Category of being
3283:Truthmaker theory
2839:978-88-5545-053-9
2693:Physical ontology
2556:Anatta or Anatman
2554:' (also known as
2499:
2498:
2399:
2398:
2347:Peter van Inwagen
2332:Richard Swinburne
2272:George I Mavrodes
2132:Vladimir Solovyov
2082:SĂžren Kierkegaard
2009:William Wollaston
1956:William of Ockham
1936:Marcion of Sinope
1846:Transcendentalism
1593:
1592:
1516:
1515:
1483:No limits fallacy
1414:Arguments against
1372:Responses to evil
1288:Mystical idealism
1072:
1071:
996:Euthyphro dilemma
832:SĂžren Kierkegaard
781:William of Ockham
764:In his dialogues
556:
555:
364:
363:
4215:
4203:Substance theory
4125:
4124:
4123:
4113:
4112:
4022:
4012:
4002:
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3902:
3892:
3882:
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3842:
3518:Substantial form
3330:Cogito, ergo sum
3273:Substance theory
3127:
3120:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3090:Zalta, Edward N.
3056:
3035:
3014:
3003:Aveling, Francis
2998:
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2738:
2732:classics.mit.edu
2724:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2439:Natural theology
2382:Ali Akbar Rashad
2230:Reinhold Niebuhr
2180:Bertrand Russell
2175:George Santayana
2092:Albrecht Ritschl
2077:Ludwig Feuerbach
1864:
1863:
1509:Russell's teapot
1499:
1479:
1467:Hitchens's razor
1310:Nyayakusumanjali
1181:
1180:
1120:Form of the Good
1087:
1086:
1055:
985:
984:
969:Theological veto
954:
937:
936:Religious belief
860:
859:
836:Jean-Paul Sartre
821:Jean-Paul Sartre
703:(d. 170 AD) and
548:
541:
534:
253:Aztec philosophy
132:Ancient Egyptian
114:
113:
66:
62:
61:
60:
47:
28:
27:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4214:
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4148:Aristotelianism
4138:
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4010:
4000:
3990:
3980:
3970:
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3890:
3880:
3870:
3867:De rerum natura
3860:
3850:
3840:
3824:
3564:
3468:Physical object
3304:Abstract object
3292:
3278:Theory of forms
3213:Meaning of life
3136:
3131:
3068:Maurice De Wulf
3064:
3059:
3053:
3032:
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2971:
2966:Prasadkaipa.com
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2820:, O.P. (2022).
2818:Battista Mondin
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2734:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2703:Theory of forms
2663:
2635:
2614:Ship of Theseus
2521:identifies the
2504:
2495:
2459:
2458:
2409:
2401:
2400:
2392:Alexander Pruss
2372:Jean-Luc Marion
2362:Herman Philipse
2317:Alvin Plantinga
2312:Dewi Z Phillips
2257:Walter Kaufmann
2247:Frithjof Schuon
2220:Rudolf Bultmann
2210:Pavel Florensky
2190:Sergei Bulgakov
2157:Joseph Maréchal
2137:Ernst Troeltsch
2122:Harald HĂžffding
2102:Usman dan Fodio
2072:William Whewell
2062:Georg W F Hegel
2057:Karl C F Krause
2034:Johann G Herder
2024:Baron d'Holbach
1974:Augustin Calmet
1861:
1851:
1850:
1821:Shendao shejiao
1605:
1595:
1594:
1497:
1477:
1457:God of the gaps
1427:Atheist's wager
1115:Divinely simple
1100:Anthropopathism
1084:
1074:
1073:
1053:
1027:Problem of evil
1011:Verificationism
982:
974:
973:
952:
947:Religious faith
935:
885:
858:
814:
762:
757:
736:De hebdomadibus
599:
552:
523:
522:
488:Epistemologists
478:
477:
466:
465:
402:
378:
377:
366:
365:
111:
110:
99:
58:
56:
55:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4221:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4117:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4030:Related topics
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4013:
4003:
3997:Being and Time
3993:
3983:
3973:
3963:
3953:
3943:
3933:
3923:
3913:
3903:
3893:
3883:
3873:
3863:
3853:
3843:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3570:Metaphysicians
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3326:
3324:Causal closure
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3198:Libertarianism
3195:
3190:
3185:
3183:Existentialism
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3081:
3063:
3062:External links
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:978-9004162242
3051:
3036:
3030:
3015:
2999:
2993:
2977:
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2641:(essence) and
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2457:
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2451:
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2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2408:Related topics
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2387:Yujin Nagasawa
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2342:Ravi Zacharias
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2307:William L Rowe
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2277:William Alston
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2225:Gabriel Marcel
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2169:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2152:Ernst Cassirer
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2067:Thomas Carlyle
2064:
2059:
2054:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1994:Baruch Spinoza
1991:
1986:
1981:
1979:René Descartes
1976:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1951:Thomas Aquinas
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1875:
1874:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1853:
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1849:
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1838:
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1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
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1798:
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1773:
1768:
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1756:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1692:Fundamentalism
1689:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1670:Existentialism
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1494:
1492:Noncognitivism
1489:
1484:
1481:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1432:Creator of God
1429:
1424:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1406:Transcendental
1403:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1357:Pascal's wager
1354:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1197:Christological
1194:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1016:eschatological
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
991:Ethical egoism
983:
980:
979:
976:
975:
972:
971:
966:
961:
956:
949:
944:
939:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
886:
880:
879:
876:
875:
869:
868:
857:
854:
853:
852:
849:
846:
817:Existentialism
813:
812:Existentialism
810:
794:Edmund Husserl
761:
758:
756:
753:
731:Thomas Aquinas
725:Medieval Latin
709:Late Antiquity
646:to ti ĂȘn einai
598:
595:
554:
553:
551:
550:
543:
536:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:
515:
510:
505:
503:Metaphysicians
500:
495:
490:
485:
479:
473:
472:
471:
468:
467:
464:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
431:Metaphilosophy
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
401:
400:
395:
390:
385:
379:
373:
372:
371:
368:
367:
362:
361:
360:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
316:
315:
309:
308:
307:
306:
305:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
269:
268:
267:
257:
256:
255:
245:
244:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
208:
207:
206:
201:
196:
183:
182:
176:
175:
174:
173:
172:
171:
166:
156:
151:
146:
141:
140:
139:
134:
121:
120:
112:
106:
105:
104:
101:
100:
98:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
52:
49:
48:
40:
39:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4220:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4128:
4118:
4116:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4072:Phenomenology
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4009:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:Notable works
3827:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3233:Phenomenalism
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:Action theory
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3054:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3037:
3033:
3031:9780813208428
3027:
3023:
3022:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2994:9780227900086
2990:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2967:
2962:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2940:
2939:1-55939-166-9
2936:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2910:
2902:
2890:
2882:
2881:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2855:
2849:
2841:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2800:
2795:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2772:
2766:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2576:However, the
2571:
2570:all suffering
2567:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:Anthony Kenny
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2242:Mircea Eliade
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2127:William James
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2107:Ernst Haeckel
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
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2090:
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2080:
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2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:Immanuel Kant
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:Blaise Pascal
1982:
1980:
1977:
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1971:
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1969:
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1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1478:Inconsistency
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
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1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
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1413:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
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1360:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
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1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1315:Occam's Razor
1313:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
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1271:
1269:
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1259:
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1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1214:Consciousness
1212:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1184:Arguments for
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1165:Unmoved mover
1163:
1161:
1160:Supreme Being
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1135:Occasionalism
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
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1089:
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1078:
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1066:
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1051:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
987:
986:
978:
977:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
950:
948:
945:
943:
942:Reincarnation
940:
938:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
910:Enlightenment
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
887:
883:
878:
877:
874:
871:
870:
866:
862:
861:
850:
847:
844:
843:
842:
839:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
792:According to
790:
788:
784:
782:
778:
775:According to
773:
771:
767:
752:
750:
746:
742:
739:(Book II) by
738:
737:
732:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
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675:
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672:
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659:
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643:
638:
636:
635:
630:
626:
622:
619:
615:
612:
608:
604:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
549:
544:
542:
537:
535:
530:
529:
527:
526:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
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501:
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491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
476:
470:
469:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
446:Phenomenology
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
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185:
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178:
177:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
138:
137:Ancient Greek
135:
133:
130:
129:
128:
125:
124:
123:
122:
119:
116:
115:
109:
103:
102:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
65:
54:
53:
51:
50:
46:
42:
41:
38:
35:
34:
30:
29:
26:
22:
4163:Essentialism
4047:Epistemology
4015:
4005:
3995:
3985:
3975:
3965:
3955:
3945:
3935:
3925:
3915:
3905:
3895:
3885:
3875:
3865:
3857:NyÄya SĆ«tras
3855:
3845:
3835:
3817:
3733:Wittgenstein
3678:Schopenhauer
3557:
3548:Unobservable
3398:Intelligence
3350:
3328:
3268:Subjectivism
3263:Spiritualism
3178:Essentialism
3158:Anti-realism
3093:
3075:
3041:
3020:
3010:
2983:
2961:
2951:
2945:
2928:
2922:
2914:
2913:E. Husserl,
2909:
2879:
2873:
2866:
2861:
2853:
2848:
2825:
2821:
2806:
2794:
2778:
2770:
2765:
2755:
2747:
2735:. Retrieved
2731:
2722:
2678:Hypokeimenon
2673:Essentialism
2654:
2642:
2638:
2636:
2624:
2618:
2597:
2593:
2575:
2550:Buddhists, '
2545:
2538:
2531:BuddhapÄlita
2527:selflessness
2505:
2262:Martin Lings
2252:J. L. Mackie
2215:Emil Brunner
2200:Paul Tillich
2185:Martin Buber
2166:Contemporary
2112:W K Clifford
2097:Afrikan Spir
2043:19th-century
2014:Thomas Chubb
1965:Early modern
1946:Adi Shankara
1826:Spiritualism
1801:Perennialism
1759:metaphysical
1625:Antireligion
1539:Christianity
1377:Teleological
1236:metaphysical
1223:
1219:Cosmological
1207:Resurrection
1155:Summum bonum
1065:Natural evil
840:
829:
815:
805:
801:
797:
791:
785:
774:
763:
748:
744:
734:
729:
698:
693:
680:philosopher
676:
669:
665:
657:
645:
639:
632:
620:
613:
606:
600:
558:
557:
475:Philosophers
383:Epistemology
204:South Africa
159:Contemporary
108:Philosophies
25:
4183:Modal logic
3877:Metaphysics
3861:(c. 200 BC)
3851:(c. 350 BC)
3841:(c. 350 BC)
3728:Collingwood
3633:Malebranche
3381:Information
3309:Anima mundi
3288:Type theory
3243:Physicalism
3208:Materialism
3163:Determinism
3134:Metaphysics
2771:Metaphysics
2769:Aristotle,
2757:Metaphysics
2683:Modal logic
2586:materialism
2519:Candrakirti
2506:Within the
2367:Kai Nielsen
2352:Cornel West
2302:Paul Draper
2292:Graham Oppy
2282:Antony Flew
2267:Peter Geach
2195:René Guénon
2147:Lev Shestov
2142:Rudolf Otto
1791:Panentheism
1729:Inclusivism
1665:Exclusivism
1660:Esotericism
1635:Creationism
1615:Agnosticism
1521:By religion
1504:Poor design
1345:Mulla Sadra
1320:Ontological
1293:Natural law
1273:Mathematics
1231:contingency
1125:Holy Spirit
1091:Conceptions
1041:Augustinian
905:Eschatology
900:Cataphatism
800:. However,
796:essence is
777:nominalists
745:id quod est
644:expression
609:comes from
398:Metaphysics
313:By religion
169:Continental
149:Renaissance
4173:Madhyamaka
4142:Categories
3937:Monadology
3871:(c. 80 BC)
3578:Parmenides
3463:Perception
3361:Experience
3248:Relativism
3223:Naturalism
3173:Enactivism
2865:Roscelin,
2852:Roscelin,
2799:Brown 1996
2715:References
2688:Phenomenon
2610:Madhyamaka
2608:. For the
2606:pragmatism
2602:relativism
2578:Madhyamaka
2548:Madhyamaka
2510:school of
2508:Madhyamaka
2287:Kurt Godel
2205:Karl Barth
2019:David Hume
1941:Maimonides
1926:Heraclitus
1911:Al-Ghazali
1806:Polytheism
1776:Nondualism
1754:humanistic
1749:Naturalism
1739:Monotheism
1702:Henotheism
1697:Gnosticism
1422:747 gambit
1387:Watchmaker
1340:Meinongian
1253:Experience
981:Challenges
920:Liberation
895:Apophatism
787:John Locke
755:Philosophy
719:(d. 430),
705:Tertullian
690:Quintilian
658:to ti esti
650:scholastic
571:philosophy
406:Aesthetics
95:Categories
37:Philosophy
4198:Platonism
4097:Teleology
4062:Mereology
4042:Cosmology
3901:(c. 1000)
3798:Plantinga
3788:Armstrong
3738:Heidegger
3713:Whitehead
3698:Nietzsche
3618:Descartes
3588:Aristotle
3543:Universal
3473:Principle
3443:Necessity
3403:Intention
3356:Existence
3319:Causality
3258:Solipsism
3188:Free will
2899:ignored (
2889:cite book
2810:In fact,
2752:Aristotle
2639:Swadharma
2621:Nagarjuna
2598:existence
2552:Emptiness
2535:NagÄrjuna
2357:Loyal Rue
2087:Karl Marx
1906:Gaudapada
1831:Shamanism
1796:Pantheism
1781:Nontheism
1764:religious
1744:Mysticism
1717:religious
1712:Christian
1680:Christian
1559:Mandaeism
1554:Mormonism
1529:Abrahamic
1487:Nonbelief
1452:Free will
1401:Trademark
1174:Existence
1130:Maltheist
930:Mysticism
890:Afterlife
882:Religious
717:Augustine
662:haecceity
597:Etymology
498:Logicians
493:Ethicists
451:Political
411:Education
332:Christian
327:Confucian
226:Indonesia
180:By region
118:By period
4115:Category
4037:Axiology
3891:(c.â270)
3819:more ...
3773:Anscombe
3768:Strawson
3763:Davidson
3658:Berkeley
3598:Plotinus
3559:more ...
3498:Relation
3478:Property
3453:Ontology
3376:Identity
3297:Concepts
3228:Nihilism
3193:Idealism
3141:Theories
3005:(1909).
2668:Avicenna
2661:See also
2643:Swabhava
2633:Hinduism
2590:nihilism
2582:idealism
2546:For the
2515:Buddhism
2512:Mahayana
2502:Buddhism
2454:Theology
2424:Exegesis
1901:Boethius
1896:Averroes
1891:Avicenna
1872:medieval
1786:Pandeism
1707:Humanism
1687:Feminist
1640:Dharmism
1610:Acosmism
1571:Hinduism
1566:Buddhism
1442:Evil God
1392:Junkyard
1303:Seddiqin
1283:Morality
1278:Miracles
1202:Trilemma
1145:Personal
1140:Pandeist
1110:Demiurge
1046:Irenaean
1036:Theodicy
884:concepts
865:a series
863:Part of
856:Religion
779:such as
741:Boethius
721:Boethius
701:Apuleius
671:horismos
666:essentia
654:quiddity
614:essentia
587:accident
583:identity
579:property
575:theology
567:essentia
456:Religion
441:Ontology
421:Language
375:Branches
322:Buddhist
277:American
199:Ethiopia
164:Analytic
144:Medieval
85:Glossary
70:Contents
3887:Enneads
3881:(c. 50)
3847:Timaeus
3837:Sophist
3783:Dummett
3778:Deleuze
3718:Russell
3708:Bergson
3703:Meinong
3683:Bolzano
3643:Leibniz
3623:Spinoza
3608:Aquinas
3593:Proclus
3523:Thought
3513:Subject
3493:Reality
3488:Quality
3458:Pattern
3418:Meaning
3393:Insight
3351:Essence
3336:Concept
3238:Realism
3203:Liberty
3168:Dualism
3092:(ed.).
2974:Sources
2816:Father
2773:, 1030a
2760:, 1029b
2737:12 June
2698:Smarana
2647:smarana
1868:Ancient
1811:Process
1771:New Age
1722:secular
1675:atheist
1655:Dualism
1630:Atheism
1620:Animism
1581:Sikhism
1576:Jainism
1549:Judaism
1350:Spinoza
1105:Brahman
925:Miracle
696:I AD).
621:essence
607:essence
603:English
559:Essence
461:Science
416:History
342:Islamic
302:Russian
297:Italian
282:British
272:Western
265:Iranian
241:Vietnam
216:Chinese
189:African
127:Ancient
90:History
75:Outline
4021:(1981)
4011:(1943)
4001:(1927)
3991:(1846)
3981:(1818)
3971:(1807)
3961:(1783)
3951:(1781)
3941:(1714)
3931:(1710)
3921:(1677)
3917:Ethics
3911:(1641)
3813:Parfit
3803:Kripke
3793:Putnam
3753:Sartre
3743:Carnap
3693:Peirce
3638:Newton
3613:SuĂĄrez
3603:Scotus
3483:Qualia
3448:Object
3438:Nature
3433:Motion
3413:Matter
3346:Entity
3218:Monism
3074:, in:
3049:
3028:
2991:
2937:
2856:, 524.
2836:
2812:angels
2651:Dharma
1841:Theism
1734:Monism
1534:BahĂĄÊŒĂ
1367:Reason
1335:Anselm
1248:Desire
1243:Degree
1192:Beauty
964:Spirit
867:on the
686:Cicero
682:Seneca
618:French
616:, via
388:Ethics
357:Taoist
352:Jewish
292:German
287:French
221:Indian
154:Modern
4067:Meta-
3808:Lewis
3758:Quine
3723:Moore
3688:Lotze
3673:Hegel
3648:Wolff
3628:Locke
3583:Plato
3553:Value
3533:Truth
3088:. In
2824:[
2594:truth
1836:Taoic
1645:Deism
1586:Wicca
1544:Islam
1330:Modal
1325:Gödel
1225:kalÄm
806:sense
802:ideal
798:ideal
770:forms
766:Plato
678:Stoic
652:term
642:Greek
634:ousia
631:term
629:Greek
611:Latin
605:word
563:Latin
393:Logic
337:Hindu
236:Korea
231:Japan
194:Egypt
80:Lists
3748:Ryle
3668:Kant
3663:Hume
3653:Reid
3528:Time
3508:Soul
3503:Self
3428:Mind
3386:Data
3371:Idea
3047:ISBN
3026:ISBN
2989:ISBN
2935:ISBN
2901:help
2834:ISBN
2739:2018
2523:self
1870:and
1462:Hell
1437:Evil
1268:Love
959:Soul
749:esse
694:sec.
601:The
573:and
436:Mind
347:Jain
2655:dhr
2623:'s
2619:In
2604:or
2596:or
2588:or
2537:'s
2529:".
1082:God
674:).
637:.
426:Law
4144::
3070::
3009:.
2893::
2891:}}
2887:{{
2785:,
2754:,
2730:.
2584:,
2517:,
808:.
565::
3126:e
3119:t
3112:v
3098:.
3055:.
3034:.
2997:.
2903:)
2842:.
2741:.
2572:.
2490:e
2483:t
2476:v
561:(
547:e
540:t
533:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
