22:
124:
2090:
111:, due to both sharing an impossible problem being suddenly resolved. However, differences between the two have been noted, such as eucatastrophe's inherent connection to an optimistic view on the unfolding of events in the narrative of the world. In Tolkien's view, eucatastrophe can occur without the use of a
78:, the word traditionally used in classically inspired literary criticism to refer to the "unravelling" or conclusion of a drama's plot. For Tolkien, the term appears to have had a thematic meaning that went beyond its literal etymological meaning in terms of form. As he defines it in his essay "
3353:
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1995:
2841:
2535:
573:
425:
2413:
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3234:
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3314:
44:
does not meet some terrible, impending, and plausible and probable doom. The concept was created by the philologist and fantasy author
1924:
2855:
2848:
1605:
518:
295:
3112:
2079:
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200:
have adopted the word to refer to any hypothetical future transition that would provide "existential hope" of not only averting
3141:
2039:
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2420:
554:
507:
340:
309:
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21:
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617:
390:
3177:
3167:
2773:
528:
2064:
3062:
1691:
1271:
586:
543:
Languages, Myths and
History: An Introduction to the Linguistic and Literary Background of J. R. R. Tolkien's Fiction
2399:
3375:
3229:
2981:
2814:
2268:
3338:
3034:
2502:
2383:
1952:
493:
3263:
2934:
2630:
2616:
2010:
1917:
3083:
2594:
1947:
1600:
1012:
3256:
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2207:
2120:
1869:
1154:
2392:
2296:
2261:
2239:
3268:
2353:
2144:
1976:
301:
91:
169:
as unexpected rescuers throughout
Tolkien's writing. While their role has been described as that of a
3390:
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2609:
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1910:
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376:
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2313:
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1713:
1681:
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610:
82:", based on a lecture he gave in 1939, eucatastrophe is a fundamental part of his conception of
52:", based on a 1939 lecture. The term has since been taken up by other authors, and by scholars.
3295:
3101:
2884:
2444:
2247:
2186:
2160:
1787:
1686:
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1412:
1226:
140:
The best-known and most fully realized eucatastrophe in
Tolkien's work occurs in the climax of
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129:
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746:
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8:
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2128:
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1965:
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1254:
1214:
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546:
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74:
25:
In a classic use of eucatastrophe, the prince arrives to break the spell that has kept
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1002:
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386:
336:
305:
297:
The
Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders
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201:
183:
79:
61:
49:
45:
3096:
873:
173:, Tolkien described Bilbo's "eucatastrophic emotion" at the eagles' appearance in
3303:
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170:
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26:
30:
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2003:
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1407:
1159:
997:
914:
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1421:
1360:
1318:
1101:
1079:
1026:
866:
845:
692:
672:
652:
578:
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3019:
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2781:
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2676:
2671:
2666:
2556:
2506:
2032:
1881:
1746:
1119:
855:
796:
741:
714:
213:
99:
3106:
3056:
1985:
1886:
1852:
1847:
1456:
1446:
1392:
1370:
1204:
1091:
904:
889:
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731:
719:
382:
193:
134:
41:
3187:
3162:
3009:
3004:
2819:
2305:
2105:
1736:
1641:
1333:
1249:
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924:
894:
642:
218:
189:
175:
159:
83:
2510:
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1663:
1426:
1348:
1149:
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972:
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647:
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808:
3245:
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2089:
2018:
1902:
1864:
1671:
1355:
1323:
1235:
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1109:
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987:
944:
709:
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197:
151:
1799:
1563:
1431:
1387:
1382:
1312:
1134:
1124:
939:
761:
95:
105:
Eucatastrophe in fiction has been labelled by some as a form of
1803:
1553:
1338:
1114:
1021:
780:
155:
147:
87:
86:. Though Tolkien's interest is in myth, it is connected to the
165:
Another example of eucatastrophe is the recurring role of the
1810:
1377:
1328:
1306:
1059:
1044:
182:
In work by other authors, the explosion of the Death Star in
40:
is a sudden turn of events in a story which ensures that the
3354:
The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford
English Dictionary
595:
1548:
1343:
704:
204:, but also hope of an "efflorescence" of future abundance.
29:
and her kingdom asleep for 100 years. 1897 illustration by
464:
461:"Eucatastrophe: Tolkien's word for the "anti-doomsday""
406:
356:
230:
566:
3367:
2536:The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays
574:The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays
1996:The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son
1918:
611:
192:, have been characterized as eucatastrophes.
64:coined the word by affixing the Greek prefix
2835:J. R. R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography
2842:The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion
2414:Chaucer as a Philologist: The Reeve's Tale
2088:
1925:
1911:
618:
604:
3235:Impact of Tolkien's Middle-earth writings
487:
442:
3070:Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'
2856:The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide
2849:J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator
537:
412:
293:
154:is permanently destroyed as a result of
122:
90:; Tolkien, a devout Catholic, calls the
20:
3113:J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century
2484:(as translator and lexicographer, 1966)
561:
287:
281:
269:
179:as one of the key moments of the book.
102:the eucatastrophe of the Incarnation.
16:Sudden turn of events averting disaster
3368:
2040:The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late
1289:Types of fiction with multiple endings
458:
374:
2552:Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary
1906:
599:
516:
418:
368:
362:
236:
2276:The History of The Lord of the Rings
2080:List of Tolkien's alliterative verse
1932:
324:
2969:Understanding The Lord of the Rings
2726:Janice Bogstad & Philip Kaveny
378:Survey of modern fantasy literature
318:
146:. Though victory seems assured for
60:The philologist and fantasy author
13:
2774:Tolkien, Race and Cultural History
14:
3402:
3063:Tolkien and the Invention of Myth
1692:Third-person omniscient narrative
520:Encyclopedia of Religion and Film
517:Mazur, Eric Michael, ed. (2011).
3230:Languages constructed by Tolkien
2269:The Lost Road and Other Writings
426:"Top 10 Deus Ex Machina moments"
196:such as Owen Cotton-Barratt and
3339:Poems and Songs of Middle Earth
3142:Tolkien and the Classical World
2503:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
2384:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
2065:The Legend of Sigurd and GudrĂșn
494:The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
452:
436:
2935:Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon
2631:Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth
2617:The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien
2424:: The Monsters and the Critics
2400:Ancrene Wisse and Hali MeiĂ°had
2011:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil
1080:Conflict between good and evil
496:: Revised and Expanded Edition
328:Between the Image and the Word
275:
263:
242:
1:
3084:J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
2595:J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography
625:
224:
3257:Elvish Linguistic Fellowship
2598:(1977, authorized biography)
2387:(Middle English text, 1925)
2208:The Father Christmas Letters
2121:The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun
94:the eucatastrophe of "human
7:
3264:Tolkien's impact on fantasy
2297:The Peoples of Middle-earth
2262:The Shaping of Middle-earth
2240:The History of Middle-earth
207:
118:
10:
3407:
3269:Tolkien and the modernists
2354:The Nature of Middle-earth
2145:The Fellowship of the Ring
1977:Songs for the Philologists
481:
302:Greenwood Publishing Group
55:
3347:Language and Human Nature
3325:Works inspired by Tolkien
3200:
3153:
3028:
2980:
2700:
2647:
2610:Tolkien and the Great War
2581:
2574:
2491:
2372:
2322:The History of The Hobbit
2197:
2097:
2086:
1964:
1940:
1755:
1727:
1719:Stream of unconsciousness
1662:
1406:
1297:
1250:Falling action/Catastasis
1195:
1100:
1035:
958:
770:
633:
188:, or the kiss that saves
158:'s waylaying of Frodo at
3133:Sandra Ballif Straubhaar
3120:The Road to Middle-Earth
2899:The Keys of Middle-earth
2393:The Devil's Coach Horses
1087:Self-fulfilling prophecy
459:Fisher, Richard (2022).
3376:Greek words and phrases
2544:Beowulf and the Critics
1714:Stream of consciousness
1177:Suspension of disbelief
294:Westfahl, Gary (2005).
2885:Master of Middle-Earth
2248:The Book of Lost Tales
2187:Smith of Wootton Major
2161:The Return of the King
1255:Denouement/Catastrophe
1236:Rising action/Epitasis
375:Magill, Frank (1983).
137:
33:
3213:Francis Xavier Morgan
2958:Elizabeth Whittingham
2514:(translations, 1975)
2330:The Story of Kullervo
2314:The Children of HĂșrin
2290:The War of the Jewels
2255:The Lays of Beleriand
2137:The Lord of the Rings
2049:The Road Goes Ever On
1601:Utopian and dystopian
325:Hart, Trevor (2013).
260:= "to turn or rotate"
143:The Lord of the Rings
130:The Lord of the Rings
126:
92:Incarnation of Christ
24:
2662:Matthew T. Dickerson
2346:The Fall of Gondolin
1155:Narrative techniques
935:Story within a story
747:Supporting character
3334:(biographical film)
3291:The Tolkien Society
3284:Tolkien fan fiction
3078:Michael D. C. Drout
2744:Janet Brennan Croft
2712:Douglas A. Anderson
2657:Stratford Caldecott
2625:Catherine McIlwaine
2362:The Fall of NĂșmenor
2129:Farmer Giles of Ham
1860:Political narrative
1702:Unreliable narrator
1559:Speculative fiction
1267:Nonlinear narrative
1215:Three-act structure
1075:Deal with the Devil
547:North Landing Books
539:Solopova, Elizabeth
489:Carpenter, Humphrey
449:, 7â8 November 1944
447:Christopher Tolkien
133:, as portrayed by
3252:Mythopoeic Society
3128:Elizabeth Solopova
2800:A Question of Time
2589:Humphrey Carpenter
2179:The Tolkien Reader
2073:The Fall of Arthur
1838:Narrative paradigm
1833:Narrative identity
1763:Dominant narrative
1709:Multiple narrators
993:Fictional location
836:Dramatic structure
568:"On Fairy-Stories"
381:(First ed.).
333:Ashgate Publishing
272:, pp. 109â161
138:
34:
3363:
3362:
3196:
3195:
3000:Carl F. Hostetter
2990:Anthony Appleyard
2913:A Tolkien Compass
2874:Charles A. Huttar
2793:Interrupted Music
2763:Bradford Lee Eden
2731:Picturing Tolkien
2722:Bradley J. Birzer
2474:English and Welsh
2338:Beren and LĂșthien
2057:Bilbo's Last Song
1900:
1899:
1843:Narrative therapy
1277:television series
1222:Freytag's Pyramid
1065:Moral development
968:Alternate history
678:False protagonist
563:Tolkien, J. R. R.
555:978-0-9816607-1-4
545:. New York City:
509:978-0-35-865298-4
342:978-1-4724-1370-3
311:978-0-313-32951-7
3398:
3391:1940s neologisms
3381:J. R. R. Tolkien
3320:Tolkien research
3178:Michael Martinez
3137:Hamish Williams
2995:Helge Fauskanger
2921:John D. Rateliff
2825:Wayne G. Hammond
2807:Splintered Light
2687:Fleming Rutledge
2579:
2578:
2528:Finn and Hengest
2515:
2452:
2431:On Fairy-Stories
2388:
2224:Unfinished Tales
2216:The Silmarillion
2092:
1934:J. R. R. Tolkien
1927:
1920:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1823:Literary science
1366:Narrative poetry
1262:Linear narrative
1172:Stylistic device
1167:Show, don't tell
1130:Figure of speech
920:Shaggy dog story
663:Characterization
620:
613:
606:
597:
596:
592:
570:
558:
534:
513:
476:
475:
473:
471:
456:
450:
440:
434:
433:
428:. Archived from
422:
416:
410:
404:
403:
401:
399:
385:. p. 2065.
372:
366:
360:
354:
353:
351:
349:
322:
316:
315:
291:
285:
279:
273:
267:
261:
246:
240:
234:
202:human extinction
80:On Fairy-Stories
62:J. R. R. Tolkien
50:On Fairy-Stories
46:J. R. R. Tolkien
3406:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3304:Tolkien Studies
3192:
3173:Glen GoodKnight
3149:
3049:Perilous Realms
3033:
3024:
2976:
2953:Richard C. West
2948:Anna Vaninskaya
2930:Brian Rosebury
2926:Robin Anne Reid
2869:Thomas Honegger
2829:Christina Scull
2750:Tolkien on Film
2703:
2696:
2643:
2639:Charles Moseley
2570:
2500:
2493:
2487:
2481:Jerusalem Bible
2450:
2445:On Translating
2381:
2374:
2368:
2199:
2193:
2093:
2084:
1967:
1960:
1959:
1936:
1931:
1901:
1896:
1828:Literary theory
1768:Fiction writing
1751:
1723:
1658:
1410:
1402:
1293:
1191:
1096:
1031:
954:
825:Deus ex machina
766:
752:Title character
737:Stock character
683:Focal character
629:
624:
589:
531:
510:
491:, ed. (2023) .
484:
479:
469:
467:
457:
453:
441:
437:
424:
423:
419:
411:
407:
397:
395:
393:
392:978-089356450-6
373:
369:
361:
357:
347:
345:
343:
323:
319:
312:
304:. p. 195.
300:. Vol. 1.
292:
288:
280:
276:
268:
264:
247:
243:
235:
231:
227:
210:
171:deus ex machina
121:
113:deus ex machina
108:deus ex machina
58:
27:Sleeping Beauty
17:
12:
11:
5:
3404:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3335:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3279:Tolkien fandom
3276:
3274:Tolkien Estate
3271:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3249:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3188:J. E. A. Tyler
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3116:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3092:Jonathan Evans
3089:
3088:
3087:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3066:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3043:Marjorie Burns
3039:
3037:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3015:Arden R. Smith
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2943:Amy H. Sturgis
2940:
2939:
2938:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2879:Paul H. Kocher
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2822:
2817:
2815:Michael Foster
2812:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2789:
2787:Verlyn Flieger
2784:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2719:
2717:Nicholas Birns
2714:
2708:
2706:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2613:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2585:
2583:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2560:
2548:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2516:
2497:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2427:
2417:
2410:
2407:Sigelwara Land
2403:
2396:
2389:
2378:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2283:Morgoth's Ring
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2203:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2153:The Two Towers
2149:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2114:Leaf by Niggle
2110:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2053:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2007:
2004:A Walking Song
2000:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1972:
1970:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1892:Verisimilitude
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1797:
1795:Parallel novel
1792:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1437:Action fiction
1429:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1321:
1316:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1238:
1233:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1201:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1005:
1000:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
964:
962:
956:
955:
953:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
915:Self-insertion
912:
907:
902:
900:Poetic justice
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
870:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
800:
799:
789:
784:
776:
774:
768:
767:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
723:
722:
717:
712:
702:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
658:Character flaw
655:
650:
645:
639:
637:
631:
630:
623:
622:
615:
608:
600:
594:
593:
587:
559:
535:
530:978-0313013980
529:
514:
508:
500:Harper Collins
483:
480:
478:
477:
451:
443:Carpenter 2023
435:
432:on 2020-05-02.
417:
405:
391:
367:
365:, p. 175.
355:
341:
317:
310:
286:
274:
262:
241:
239:, p. 174.
228:
226:
223:
222:
221:
216:
209:
206:
127:The climax of
120:
117:
57:
54:
48:in his essay "
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3403:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3168:Robert Foster
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3097:Vincent Ferré
3095:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2963:Rose Zimbardo
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2907:Jared Lobdell
2905:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2893:Stuart D. Lee
2891:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2758:Patrick Curry
2756:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2739:David Bratman
2737:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2692:Ralph C. Wood
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2682:Joseph Pearce
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2565:
2564:A Secret Vice
2561:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2490:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2466:Ancrene Wisse
2463:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2442:
2438:
2437:Eucatastrophe
2435:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2371:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:Tree and Leaf
2168:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Screenwriting
1875:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1682:Second-person
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1586:Magic realism
1584:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1517:Psychological
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:Philosophical
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1422:Autobiography
1420:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1361:Narrative art
1359:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:Flash fiction
1317:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1210:Act structure
1208:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1027:Worldbuilding
1025:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
963:
961:
957:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
875:
874:KishĆtenketsu
871:
869:
868:
867:In medias res
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
846:Foreshadowing
844:
842:
841:Eucatastrophe
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
826:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
804:Chekhov's gun
802:
798:
795:
794:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
782:
778:
777:
775:
773:
769:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
706:
703:
701:
700:
696:
694:
693:Gothic double
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
673:Deuteragonist
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
653:Character arc
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
640:
638:
636:
632:
628:
621:
616:
614:
609:
607:
602:
601:
598:
590:
588:0-261-10263-X
584:
580:
579:HarperCollins
576:
575:
569:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
526:
522:
521:
515:
511:
505:
501:
497:
495:
490:
486:
485:
466:
462:
455:
448:
444:
439:
431:
427:
421:
415:, p. 29.
414:
413:Solopova 2009
409:
394:
388:
384:
380:
379:
371:
364:
359:
344:
338:
334:
330:
329:
321:
313:
307:
303:
299:
298:
290:
284:, p. 156
283:
278:
271:
266:
259:
255:
251:
245:
238:
233:
229:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
186:
180:
178:
177:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:
136:
132:
131:
125:
116:
114:
110:
109:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
63:
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
38:eucatastrophe
32:
28:
23:
19:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3329:
3302:
3244:
3183:Charles Noad
3140:
3118:
3111:
3102:Gergely Nagy
3082:
3068:
3061:
3047:
3030:Medievalists
3020:Allan Turner
2967:
2933:
2911:
2897:
2883:
2864:Randel Helms
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2782:Jason Fisher
2772:
2768:Dimitra Fimi
2748:
2729:
2677:Holly Ordway
2672:Peter Kreeft
2667:Colin Duriez
2629:
2615:
2608:
2593:
2562:
2557:Sellic Spell
2550:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2501:
2479:
2464:
2456:
2446:
2436:
2421:
2382:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2243:(1983â1996)
2238:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2185:
2177:
2169:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2104:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2033:The Sea-Bell
2026:Fastitocalon
2009:
1994:
1984:
1975:
1948:Bibliography
1882:Storytelling
1697:Subjectivity
1687:Third-person
1677:First-person
1311:
1120:Comic relief
872:
865:
856:Flashforward
840:
823:
797:Origin story
779:
742:Straight man
697:
572:
542:
523:. ABC-CLIO.
519:
498:. New York:
492:
468:. Retrieved
454:
438:
430:the original
420:
408:
396:. Retrieved
377:
370:
358:
346:. Retrieved
327:
320:
296:
289:
282:Tolkien 1990
277:
270:Tolkien 1990
265:
257:
253:
249:
244:
232:
214:Happy ending
194:Longtermists
184:
181:
174:
164:
141:
139:
128:
112:
106:
104:
100:Resurrection
73:
69:
65:
59:
37:
35:
31:Gustave Doré
18:
3386:Narratology
3107:Tom Shippey
3057:Jane Chance
3035:Classicists
2582:Biographers
2492:Posthumous
2409:" (1932â34)
2198:Posthumous
1986:Bagme Bloma
1887:Tellability
1853:Metafiction
1848:Narratology
1620:Theological
1512:Pop culture
1393:Short story
1371:Epic poetry
1092:Time travel
905:Red herring
890:Plot device
861:Frame story
814:Cliffhanger
757:Tritagonist
732:Protagonist
398:8 September
383:Salem Press
348:7 September
135:Ted Nasmith
75:catastrophe
42:protagonist
3370:Categories
3220:Influences
3163:Lin Carter
3010:David Salo
3005:Tom Loback
2820:Nick Groom
2604:John Garth
2306:Roverandom
2106:The Hobbit
1773:Continuity
1642:Nonfiction
1606:Underwater
1502:Picaresque
1477:Historical
1462:Epistolary
1334:Fairy tale
1245:Peripeteia
1227:Exposition
983:Dreamworld
925:Stereotype
895:Plot twist
643:Antagonist
577:. London:
470:9 November
363:Mazur 2011
256:= "down",
252:= "good",
237:Mazur 2011
225:References
219:Peripeteia
190:Snow White
176:The Hobbit
160:Mount Doom
98:" and the
84:mythopoeia
68:, meaning
3315:Reception
3310:Memorials
2982:Linguists
2649:Christian
2511:Sir Orfeo
2458:Sir Orfeo
2433:" (1939)
2232:Mr. Bliss
1968:and songs
1664:Narration
1613:Superhero
1537:Chivalric
1522:Religious
1507:Political
1442:Adventure
1427:Biography
1349:Tall tale
1197:Structure
1182:Symbolism
1150:Narration
1050:Leitmotif
978:Crossover
973:Backstory
930:Story arc
880:MacGuffin
851:Flashback
792:Backstory
668:Confidant
648:Archenemy
635:Character
627:Narrative
445:, #89 to
258:strephein
185:Star Wars
3246:Mythlore
3240:Inklings
2702:Literary
2575:Scholars
2559:" (2014)
2494:academic
2476:" (1963)
2426:" (1936)
2416:" (1934)
2402:" (1929)
2395:" (1925)
2373:Academic
2116:" (1947)
2019:Errantry
2006:" (1954)
1870:Glossary
1865:Rhetoric
1672:Diegesis
1652:Creative
1625:Thriller
1574:Southern
1492:Paranoid
1487:Nautical
1398:Vignette
1356:Gamebook
1324:Folklore
1231:Protasis
1110:Allegory
1055:Metaphor
1013:parallel
1008:universe
988:Dystopia
945:Suspense
831:Dialogue
819:Conflict
727:Narrator
699:Hamartia
565:(1990).
541:(2009).
208:See also
198:Toby Ord
152:One Ring
119:Examples
3342:(album)
3331:Tolkien
3225:Artwork
3201:Related
3155:Popular
2704:critics
2447:Beowulf
2422:Beowulf
2200:fiction
2098:Fiction
2014:(1962)
1980:(1936)
1953:Letters
1800:Prequel
1756:Related
1742:Present
1635:Western
1591:Science
1564:Fantasy
1532:Romance
1482:Mystery
1467:Ergodic
1432:Fiction
1388:Parable
1383:Novella
1313:Fabliau
1284:Premise
1135:Imagery
1125:Diction
1003:country
960:Setting
940:Subplot
762:Villain
715:Byronic
482:Sources
96:history
56:Origins
3296:Awards
3208:Family
2827:&
2567:(2016)
2555:with "
2547:(2002)
2539:(1983)
2531:(1982)
2523:(1981)
2520:Exodus
2509:, and
2469:(1962)
2461:(1944)
2453:(1940)
2365:(2022)
2357:(2021)
2349:(2018)
2341:(2017)
2333:(2015)
2325:(2007)
2317:(2007)
2309:(1998)
2235:(1982)
2227:(1980)
2219:(1977)
2211:(1976)
2190:(1967)
2182:(1966)
2174:(1964)
2164:(1955)
2156:(1954)
2148:(1954)
2132:(1949)
2124:(1945)
2109:(1937)
2076:(2013)
2068:(2009)
2060:(1974)
2052:(1967)
1999:(1953)
1966:Poetry
1804:Sequel
1788:Retcon
1783:Reboot
1747:Future
1581:Horror
1569:Gothic
1554:Satire
1472:Erotic
1339:Legend
1241:Climax
1115:Bathos
1022:Utopia
910:Reveal
809:Cliché
787:Action
781:Ab ovo
720:Tragic
585:
553:
527:
506:
389:
339:
308:
248:Greek
167:eagles
156:Gollum
150:, the
148:Sauron
88:gospel
2507:Pearl
2375:works
1811:Genre
1778:Canon
1729:Tense
1647:Novel
1630:Urban
1542:Prose
1527:Rogue
1452:Crime
1447:Comic
1408:Genre
1378:Novel
1329:Fable
1307:Drama
1272:films
1102:Style
1070:Motif
1060:Moral
1045:Irony
1037:Theme
950:Trope
72:, to
1816:List
1737:Past
1596:Hard
1549:Saga
1457:Docu
1413:List
1344:Myth
1299:Form
1187:Tone
1160:Hook
1145:Mood
1140:Mode
998:city
885:Pace
772:Plot
710:Anti
705:Hero
688:Foil
583:ISBN
551:ISBN
525:ISBN
504:ISBN
472:2022
400:2014
387:ISBN
350:2014
337:ISBN
306:ISBN
254:kata
70:good
1205:Act
465:BBC
3372::
2505:,
2140::
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