28:
161:(Swiss Fatherland Association), a militia and semi-secret society with links to fascist groups abroad. The group became influential amongst army officers in the years following the First World War. Bircher's position as leader of SVV was boosted by his spells as president of the Swiss Officers Society (1931-7) and editor of the official Swiss Army newspaper (1934–42). An influential figure in society, Bircher numbered the federal councillors
232:
to remove or repair the damaged tissue. Initially, he used an electric
Jacobaeus thoracolaparoscope for his diagnostic procedures, but later became devoted to double-contrast radiography for diagnostics. Bircher gave up
244:, recommended by the Goitre Commission in 1922, of which he was a member. Bircher remained opposed to it until the end of his life. His home canton, Aargau, still largely suffered from
790:
196:
in his early years (although no conclusive evidence has as yet been provided and his biographer rejects this claim outright). He also organized medical corps for the
150:
he was a leading promoter of Swiss armament and preparedness between 1934 and 1939. Bircher published a lot of medical, political and military books and articles.
795:
734:
146:
where he rose to the rank of colonel. In 1934 he was promoted to Major
General (Commander of 4., later 5. Division). Together with Federal Counselor
785:
158:
805:
396:
312:
216:(Chief Surgeon 1917–1932, Director 1932–34 of Kantonsspital Aarau) by trade and in the 1920s published several groundbreaking papers detailing
414:
228:
receives primary credit for using arthroscopy for interventional surgery. After diagnosing torn tissue through arthroscopy, Bircher used
281:
107:
111:
521:
27:
530:
554:
441:
Kieser CW, Jackson RW (2003). "Eugen
Bircher (1882-1956) the first knee surgeon to use diagnostic arthroscopy".
820:
800:
252:, meanwhile most of the Switzerland has seen significant progress since the introduction of iodine treatment.
514:
339:
337:
Scheck, Raffael (1999). "Swiss
Funding for the Early Nazi Movement: Motivation, Context, and Continuities".
590:
564:
549:
197:
348:
166:
479:
780:
559:
544:
224:. Bircher is often considered the inventor of arthroscopy of the knee, although the Japanese surgeon
282:"Die unglaubliche Geschichte von Jodsalz – Wie drei heldenhafte Ärzte die Schweiz vom Kropf erlösten"
393:
309:
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810:
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611:
484:
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775:
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8:
683:
70:
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376:
368:
170:
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52:
635:
456:
671:
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499:
689:
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452:
352:
178:
712:
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400:
316:
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131:
749:
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372:
764:
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364:
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241:
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427:
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623:
217:
154:
123:
81:
717:
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in 1930, and his work was largely neglected for several decades.
127:
310:'A Survey of Nazi and Pro-Nazi Groups in Switzerland: 1930-1945'
126:
politician and military leader who became associated with a pro-
249:
188:
Bircher sought a close relationship between
Switzerland and
221:
791:
Party of
Farmers, Traders and Independents politicians
529:
262:
Eugen
Bircher, Arzt, Militär, Politiker, NZZ Zürich
762:
137:
192:, and it has even been alleged that he funded
796:Members of the National Council (Switzerland)
515:
440:
394:Swiss Doctors with the Yugoslavian Resistance
159:Schweizerischer Vaterländischer Verband, SVV
434:
240:Bircher was opposed to the introduction of
122:(17 February 1882 – 20 October 1956) was a
522:
508:
405:
108:Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents
26:
185:amongst his close political associates.
786:Swiss Calvinist and Reformed Christians
477:
112:Schweizerischer Vaterländischer Verband
763:
411:
336:
806:Swiss collaborators with Nazi Germany
503:
478:Goodman, Jonah (30 November 2023).
13:
14:
832:
531:Far-right politics in Switzerland
207:
555:National Movement of Switzerland
538:Defunct far right organizations
584:Active far right organizations
471:
387:
330:
321:
299:
274:
142:Bircher came to prominence in
1:
457:10.1016/S0749-8063(03)00693-5
340:The Journal of Modern History
267:
138:Military and political career
7:
605:Historical far right people
349:University of Chicago Press
10:
837:
560:Swiss Patriotic Federation
255:
727:
705:
604:
583:
537:
103:
95:
87:
77:
59:
34:
25:
18:
157:, in 1919 he formed the
99:Army officer, politician
706:Living far right people
575:Volkspartei der Schweiz
570:Swiss Nationalist Party
545:Eidgenössische Sammlung
288:(in German). 2022-09-16
612:Gaston-Armand Amaudruz
485:London Review of Books
821:20th-century surgeons
801:Swiss anti-communists
684:James Schwarzenbach
412:Böni T (1996). "".
71:Zurich, Switzerland
745:New European Order
399:2007-10-08 at the
315:2012-05-10 at the
220:procedures on the
200:on the pretext of
171:Eduard von Steiger
163:Marcel Pilet-Golaz
53:Aarau, Switzerland
781:People from Aarau
758:
757:
672:Georges Oltramare
480:"A National Evil"
306:Alan Morris Schom
246:iodine deficiency
117:
116:
828:
690:Emil Sonderegger
642:Wilhelm Gustloff
630:Arthur Fonjallaz
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179:Walther Stampfli
130:position in the
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49:17 February 1882
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15:
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761:
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713:Bernhard Schaub
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678:Jakob Schaffner
660:Ernst Leonhardt
636:François Genoud
600:
596:Swiss Democrats
579:
565:Union Nationale
533:
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401:Wayback Machine
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317:Wayback Machine
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260:Daniel Heller,
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226:Masaki Watanabe
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153:An opponent of
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104:Political party
73:
68:
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63:20 October 1956
55:
50:
44:
42:
41:
40:
21:
12:
11:
5:
834:
824:
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818:
816:Swiss surgeons
813:
811:Swiss generals
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783:
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728:Related topics
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550:National Front
547:
541:
539:
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527:
526:
519:
512:
504:
496:
495:
470:
433:
422:(10): 716–23.
404:
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373:10.1086/235359
357:10.1086/235359
329:
320:
298:
286:Tages-Anzeiger
272:
271:
269:
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212:Bircher was a
209:
208:Medical career
206:
202:anti-communism
167:Giuseppe Motta
139:
136:
115:
114:
105:
101:
100:
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96:Known for
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67:(aged 74)
61:
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56:
51:
38:
36:
32:
31:
23:
22:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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738:
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697:
696:Robert Tobler
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618:Eugen Bircher
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591:Freedom Party
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418:(in German).
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327:Schom, op cit
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198:Eastern Front
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175:Philipp Etter
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148:Rudolf Minger
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120:Eugen Bircher
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39:Eugen Bircher
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33:
29:
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20:Eugen Bircher
17:
750:Ăśberfremdung
617:
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451:(7): 771–6.
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290:. Retrieved
285:
276:
261:
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242:iodised salt
239:
230:open surgery
211:
194:Adolf Hitler
190:Nazi Germany
187:
183:Ernst Wetter
152:
141:
119:
118:
65:(1956-10-20)
776:1956 deaths
771:1882 births
740:Berne Trial
666:Hans Oehler
654:Ahmed Huber
624:Franz Burri
444:Arthroscopy
218:arthroscopy
155:immigration
78:Citizenship
765:Categories
718:Eric Weber
648:Rolf Henne
415:Ther Umsch
292:2023-11-15
268:References
88:Occupation
45:1882-02-17
698:(d. 1962)
692:(d. 1934)
686:(d. 1994)
680:(d. 1944)
674:(d. 1960)
668:(d. 1967)
662:(d. 1945)
656:(d. 2008)
650:(d. 1966)
644:(d. 1936)
638:(d. 1996)
632:(d. 1944)
626:(d. 1987)
620:(d. 1956)
614:(d. 2018)
381:153400829
365:1537-5358
235:endoscopy
214:physician
132:inter-war
91:Physician
465:12966386
397:Archived
313:Archived
264:(1988).
144:the army
428:8966679
351:: 799.
256:Sources
134:years.
463:
426:
379:
371:
363:
250:goitre
128:German
492:(23).
377:S2CID
369:JSTOR
347:(4).
124:Swiss
82:Swiss
735:AUNS
461:PMID
424:PMID
361:ISSN
248:and
222:knee
181:and
60:Died
35:Born
453:doi
353:doi
767::
490:45
488:.
482:.
459:.
449:19
447:.
420:53
375:.
367:.
359:.
345:71
343:.
308:,
284:.
204:.
177:,
173:,
169:,
165:,
110:,
523:e
516:t
509:v
467:.
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430:.
383:.
355::
295:.
47:)
43:(
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