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distant object imaged by the EHT so far. The team reconstructed the first images of the source at 230 GHz, at an angular resolution of ~20 μas, both in total intensity and in linear polarization (LP). Source variability was not detected, that allowed to represent the whole data set with static images. The images reveal a bright feature located on the southern end of the jet, which was associated with the core. The feature is linearly polarized, with a fractional polarization of ~5%–8%, and it has a substructure consisting of two components. Their observed brightness temperature suggests that the energy density of the jet is dominated by the magnetic field. The jet extends over 60 μas along a position angle ~ −28°. It includes two features with orthogonal directions of polarization (electric vector position angle), parallel and perpendicular to the jet axis, consistent with a helical structure of the magnetic field in the jet. The outermost feature has a particularly high degree of LP, suggestive of a nearly uniform magnetic field.
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observations of
Sagittarius A* in 2017. These include the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX), IRAM 30-meter telescope, James Clark Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT), Submillimeter Array (SMA), Submillimetere Telescope (SMT) and South Pole Telescope (SPT). Highlighted in blue are the three telescopes added to the EHT Collaboration after 2018: the Greenland Telescope, the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) in France, and the UArizona ARO 12-meter Telescope at Kitt Peak.
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at 14.5 GHz exceeded 10 Jy, while the average value is ~2 Jy. Since 2002, NRAO 530 has been monitored by the
Submillimeter Array (SMA; Maunakea, Hawaii) at 1.3 mm and 870 μm. NRAO 530 has a redshift of z = 0.902 (Junkkarinen 1984), for which 100 μas corresponds to a linear distance of 0.803 pc. The source contains a supermassive black hole, the mass of which is currently uncertain, with estimates ranging from
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723:, Co-Chair of the EHT Science Council, said: "We have two completely different types of galaxies and two very different black hole masses, but close to the edge of these black holes they look amazingly similar. This tells us that General Relativity governs these objects up close, and any differences we see further away must be due to differences in the material that surrounds the black holes."
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imaging for the
Galactic Center black hole, Sgr A*. Technical advances in radio observing moved from the first detection of Sgr A*, through VLBI at progressively shorter wavelengths, ultimately leading to detection of horizon scale structure in both Sgr A* and M87. The collaboration now comprises over 300 members, and 60 institutions, working in over 20 countries and regions.
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under extreme conditions. Studies have previously tested general relativity by looking at the motions of stars and gas clouds near the edge of a black hole. However, an image of a black hole brings observations even closer to the event horizon. Relativity predicts a dark shadow-like region, caused by
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as predicted by general relativity." Paul T.P. Ho, EHT Board member, said: "Once we were sure we had imaged the shadow, we could compare our observations to extensive computer models that include the physics of warped space, superheated matter, and strong magnetic fields. Many of the features of the
367:
Each year since its first data capture in 2006, the EHT array has moved to add more observatories to its global network of radio telescopes. The first image of the Milky Way's supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, was expected to be produced from data taken in April 2017, but because there are no
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and shows significant variability across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. The source was monitored by the
University of Michigan Radio Observatory at 4.8, 8.4, and 14.5 GHz for several decades until 2012. The quasar underwent a dramatic radio outburst in 1997, during which its flux density
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to be observed, as in EHT images of
Messier M87*, but its jet extends even beyond its host galaxy while staying as a highly collimated beam which is a point of study. Edge-brightening of the jet was also observed which would exclude models of particle acceleration that are unable to reproduce this
573:
In March 2020, astronomers proposed an improved way of seeing more of the rings in the first black hole image. In March 2021, a new photo was revealed, showing how the M87 black hole looks in polarised light. This is the first time astronomers have been able to measure polarisation so close to the
805:
It was observed with the Event
Horizon Telescope on 2017 April 5−7, when NRAO 530 was used as a calibrator for the EHT observations of Sagittarius A*. The observations were performed with the full EHT 2017 array of eight telescopes located at six geographical sites. At z = 0.902, this is the most
245:
The Event
Horizon Telescope project is an international collaboration that was launched in 2009 after a long period of theoretical and technical developments. On the theory side, work on the photon orbit and first simulations of what a black hole would look like progressed to predictions of VLBI
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Locations of the telescopes that make up the EHT array. A global map showing the radio observatories that form the Event
Horizon Telescope (EHT) network used to image the Milky Way’s central black hole, Sagittarius A*. The telescopes highlighted in yellow were part of the EHT network during the
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of approaching funnel wall jet emission, EHT concluded the black hole, which anchors the jet, spins clockwise, as seen from Earth. EHT simulations allow for both prograde and retrograde inner disk rotation with respect to the black hole, while excluding zero black hole spin using a conservative
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J1924-2914. They operated at 230 GHz, 86 GHz and 2.3+8.7 GHz, respectively, the highest angular resolution images of polarized emission from a quasar ever obtained. Observations reveal a helically bent jet and the polarization of its emission suggest a toroidal magnetic field
620:
with speeds up to 20 c. Such apparent superluminal motion from relativistic emitters such as an approaching jet is explained by emission originating closer to the observer (downstream along the jet) catching up with emission originating further from the observer (at the jet base) as the jet
509:
and measured the diameter of its event horizon to be approximately 40 billion kilometres (270 AU; 0.0013 pc; 0.0042 ly), roughly 2.5 times smaller than the shadow that it casts, seen at the center of the image. Previous observations of M87 showed that the large-scale
2948:
Issaoun, Sara; Wielgus, Maciek; Jorstad, Svetlana; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Blackburn, Lindy; Janssen, Michael; Chan, Chi-kwan; Pesce, Dominic W.; Gómez, José L.; Akiyama, Kazunori; Mościbrodzka, Monika; Martí-Vidal, Iván; Chael, Andrew; Lico, Rocco; Liu, Jun (August 1, 2022).
249:
The first image of a black hole, at the center of galaxy
Messier 87, was published by the EHT Collaboration on April 10, 2019, in a series of six scientific publications. The array made this observation at a wavelength of 1.3 mm and with a theoretical
305:
and stored on hard drives together with the time signals provided by the atomic clock. The hard drives are then shipped to a central location to be synchronized. An astronomical observation image is obtained by processing the data gathered from multiple
430:
A series of images descriptive of the level of magnification achieved by the EHT (akin to seeing, from the Earth's surface, an object the size of a tennis ball on the Moon); starts at top-left image and moves counter−clockwise to finish at top-right
1986:"When a Black Hole Finally Reveals Itself, It Helps to Have Our Very Own Cosmic Reporter – Astronomers announced Wednesday that they had captured the first image of a black hole. The Times's Dennis Overbye answers readers' questions"
273:. Future plans involve improving the array's resolution by adding new telescopes and by taking shorter-wavelength observations. On 12 May 2022, astronomers unveiled the first image of the supermassive black hole at the center of the
530:
Producing an image from data from an array of radio telescopes requires much mathematical work. Four independent teams created images to assess the reliability of the results. These methods included both an established algorithm in
581:
researcher Avery
Broderick released a "remaster" version of original image generated from the data collected by the EHT. This image "resolve a fundamental signature of gravity around a black hole," with it showing a displaying
772:
Schematic of the total-intensity and LP components in the EHT fiducial image of NRAO 530; white contours show the total intensity levels; color scale and cyan contours represent the polarized intensity of the method-averaged
459:
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration announced its first results in six simultaneous press conferences worldwide on April 10, 2019. The announcement featured the first direct image of a black hole, which showed the
363:
receivers, highly stable frequency standards to enable very-long-baseline interferometry at 230–450 GHz, higher-bandwidth VLBI backends and recorders, as well as commissioning of new submillimeter VLBI sites.
763:
NRAO 530 by EHT. The total intensity is shown in grayscale with black contours indicating 10%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of the peak LP intensity. Black dotted contours indicate 25%, 50%, and 75% of the peak polarized
2765:
Janssen, Michael; Falcke, Heino; Kadler, Matthias; Ros, Eduardo; Wielgus, Maciek; Akiyama, Kazunori; Baloković, Mislav; Blackburn, Lindy; Bouman, Katherine L.; Chael, Andrew; Chan, Chi-kwan (July 19, 2021).
342:
The EHT is composed of many radio observatories or radio-telescope facilities around the world, working together to produce a high-sensitivity, high-angular-resolution telescope. Through the technique of
314:
EHT observations during its 2017 M87 multiwavelength campaign decomposed by instrument from lower (EHT/ALMA/SMA) to higher (VERITAS) frequency. (Fermi-LAT in continuous survey mode) (dates also in
616:
it observed in April 2017. These images, generated from observations over 4 nights in April 2017, reveal bright components of a jet whose projection on the observer plane exhibit apparent
490:
gravitational bending and capture of light, which matches the observed image. The published paper states: "Overall, the observed image is consistent with expectations for the shadow of a
2367:
1633:
3929:
1537:"The Most Intimate Portrait Yet of a Black Hole – Two years of analyzing the polarized light from a galaxy's giant black hole has given scientists a glimpse at how quasars might arise"
281:. Recently EHT Project has reported to have reached the resolution of 870 μm at 345 GHz, that is pair to 19 μas, the best angular resolution at astronomical facilities on Earth.
368:
flights in or out of the South Pole during austral winter (April to October), the full data set could not be processed until December 2017, when the shipment of data from the
1972:"For the case of M87*, which is the designation of this black hole, a (very nice) name has been proposed, but it has not received an official IAU approval," says Christensen.
1812:
3587:
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edge of a black hole. The lines on the photo mark the orientation of polarisation, which is related to the magnetic field around the shadow of the black hole.
947:
2433:"Infinite Visions Were Hiding in the First Black Hole Image's Rings – Scientists proposed a technique that would allow us to see more of the unseeable"
1928:
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1955:
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In 2023, EHT released new, sharper images of the M87 black hole, reconstructed from the same 2017 data but created using the PRIMO algorithm.
355:
which is the diameter of the entire planet, substantially improving its angular resolution. The effort includes development and deployment of
3567:
858:
900:
852:
3232:
1345:
Doeleman, Sheperd (September 4, 2008). "Event-horizon-scale structure in the supermassive black hole candidate at the Galactic Centre".
3502:
962:
895:
4348:
3268:
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Seitz, Stella; Schneider, Peter; Bartelmann, Matthias (1998). "Entropy-regularized maximum-likelihood cluster mass reconstruction".
1837:
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3518:
1871:"Black Hole Picture Revealed for the First Time – Astronomers at last have captured an image of the darkest entities in the cosmos"
882:
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161:
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EHT image of the archetypal blazar 3C 279 showing a relativistic jet down to the AGN core surrounding the supermassive black hole.
1567:
112:
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3919:
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848:
2740:
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1594:"Has the Milky Way's Black Hole Come to Light? – The Event Horizon Telescope reaches again for a glimpse of the 'unseeable'"
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structure. The object is used as calibrator for Sagittarius A* sharing strong optical variability and polarization with it.
3895:
3789:
2114:
1173:
Falcke, Heino; Melia, Fulvio; Agol, Eric (January 1, 2000). "Viewing the Shadow of the Black Hole at the Galactic Center".
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NRAO 530. NRAO 530 (1730−130, J1733−1304) is a flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) that belongs to the class of bright γ-ray
4343:
3887:
293:
A schematic diagram of the VLBI mechanism of EHT. Each antenna, spread out over vast distances, has an extremely precise
3721:
2876:
2088:
2368:"The creation of the algorithm that made the first black hole image possible was led by MIT grad student Katie Bouman"
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The image also provided new measurements for the mass and diameter of M87*. EHT measured the black hole's mass to be
470:
344:
197:
4252:
4118:
3487:
3389:
1985:
1536:
1406:
Doeleman, Sheperd (October 19, 2012). "Jet-launching structure resolved near the supermassive black hole in M87".
514:
is inclined at an angle of 17° relative to the observer's line of sight and oriented on the plane of the sky at a
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In July 2021, high resolution images of the jet produced by the supermassive black hole sitting at the center of
3974:
3711:
3547:
447:
251:
97:
2141:"The Structure and Dynamics of the Subparsec Jet in M87 Based on 50 VLBA Observations over 17 Years at 43 GHZ"
1239:"Imaging optically-thin hotspots near the black hole horizon of Sgr A* at radio and near-infrared wavelengths"
3397:
3261:
122:
102:
2691:"Event Horizon Telescope imaging of the archetypal blazar 3C 279 at an extreme 20 microarcsecond resolution"
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3739:
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413:, weather patterns, and celestial mechanics, the 2020 observational campaign was postponed to March 2021.
4182:
4073:
3939:
3847:
3661:
3463:
3312:
2552:
2303:
Högbom, Jan A. (1974). "Aperture Synthesis with a Non-Regular Distribution of Interferometer Baselines".
1011:
Doeleman, Sheperd (June 21, 2009). "Imaging an Event Horizon: submm-VLBI of a Super Massive Black Hole".
929:
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189:
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1468:"Winners Of The 2020 Breakthrough Prize In Life Sciences, Fundamental Physics And Mathematics Announced"
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347:(VLBI), many independent radio antennas separated by hundreds or thousands of kilometres can act as a
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3621:
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719:. The black hole is 27,000 light-years away from Earth; it is thousands of times smaller than M87*.
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effect. The image was 16 times sharper than previous observations and utilized a 1.3 mm wavelength.
45:
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3254:
2921:"Astronomers unveil strong magnetic fields spiraling at the edge of Milky Way's central black hole"
2432:
1593:
743:
491:
143:
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1143:
Luminet, Jean-Pierre (July 31, 1979). "Image of a spherical black hole with thin accretion disk".
4151:
4141:
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1507:
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On March 22, 2024, the EHT Collaboration released an image of Sagittarius A* in polarized light.
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399:
356:
205:
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In April 2020, the EHT released the first 20 microarcsecond resolution images of the archetypal
468:, designated M87*. The scientific results were presented in a series of six papers published in
3863:
3749:
2393:
Narayan, Ramesh; Nityananda, Rajaram (1986). "Maximum Entropy Image Restoration in Astronomy".
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1929:"Media Advisory: First Results from the Event Horizon Telescope to be Presented on April 10th"
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826:
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2316:
2246:"First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole"
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Walker, R. Craig; Hardee, Philip E.; Davies, Frederick B.; Ly, Chun; Junor, William (2018).
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Data collected on hard drives are transported by commercial freight airplanes (a so-called
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2768:"Event Horizon Telescope observations of the jet launching and collimation in Centaurus A"
8:
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1061:"First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole"
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2951:"Resolving the Inner Parsec of the Blazar J1924–2914 with the Event Horizon Telescope"
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Gabuzda, Denise C. (July 19, 2021). "Peering into the heart of an active galaxy".
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Medeiros, Lia; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Lauer, Tod R.; Özel, Feryal (April 1, 2023).
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2043:"Measurement of the spin of the M87 black hole from its observed twisted light"
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515:
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331:
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3020:"Resolving the core of the J1924-2914 blazar with the Event Horizon Telescope"
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1013:
Astro2010: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey, Science White Papers
518:
of −72°. From the enhanced brightness of the southern part of the ring due to
4337:
4108:
4063:
4038:
2994:
2903:"Astronomers reveal first image of the black hole at the heart of our galaxy"
2854:
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659:
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propagates close to the speed of light at small angles to the line of sight.
298:
209:
3195:
2069:
2042:
1437:
1120:
Bardeen, James (1973). "Black holes. Edited by C. DeWitt and B. S. DeWitt".
601:
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4033:
3306:
2920:
2516:
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2015:
1745:
1445:
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1212:
742:
In August 2022, the EHT together with Global Millimeter VLBI Array and the
720:
505:
348:
294:
31:
4212:
4103:
4098:
4028:
2344:
2243:
1664:"MIT Haystack Observatory: Astronomy Wideband VLBI Millimeter Wavelength"
1255:
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1058:
638:
583:
2725:
1467:
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925:
The EHT Collaboration receives funding from numerous sources including:
170:
650:
495:
observed image match our theoretical understanding surprisingly well."
465:
376:
335:
266:
227:
213:
2605:"Physicists dispute a claim of detecting a black hole's 'photon ring'"
2580:"Supermassive black hole's bright 'photon ring' revealed in new image"
310:
4217:
3445:
3183:
768:
759:
713:
274:
239:
76:
2461:"Universal interferometric signatures of a black hole's photon ring"
1736:
1711:
629:
261:. In March 2021, the Collaboration presented, for the first time, a
4078:
3930:
Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science
3820:
3066:
2967:
2784:
2648:
2479:
2262:
2157:
2089:"The first picture of a black hole opens a new era of astrophysics"
2059:
1838:"EHT Observing Campaign 2020 Canceled Due to the COVID-19 Outbreak"
1322:
1297:
1204:
1079:
633:
Image of Centaurus A showing its black hole jet at different scales
351:, a virtual telescope which can be pointed electronically, with an
3246:
1813:"Massive telescope array aims for black hole, gets gusher of data"
1420:
1359:
1025:
200:(VLBI) stations around Earth, which form a combined array with an
3671:
3213:
3103:
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
1956:"How do you name a black hole? It is actually pretty complicated"
1786:"The Hidden Shipping and Handling Behind That Black-Hole Picture"
1712:"How to hunt for a black hole with a telescope the size of Earth"
322:
289:
1506:
Shep Doeleman, on behalf of the EHT Collaboration (April 2019).
734:
3691:
3296:
3236:
1568:"First Images of a Black Hole from the Event Horizon Telescope"
988:
782:
778:
747:
716:
613:
610:
270:
157:
2947:
2531:"A view of the M87 supermassive black hole in polarised light"
777:
In February 2023, the EHT reported on the observations of the
3810:
3099:
2041:
Tamburini, Fabrizio; Thidé, Bo; Della Valle, Massimo (2020).
814:
The EHT Collaboration consists of 13 stakeholder institutes:
327:
3209:
2200:"Electromagnetic extraction of energy from Kerr black holes"
2115:"The nature of M87: EHT's look at a supermassive black hole"
2086:
1059:
The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (April 10, 2019).
704:
On May 12, 2022, the EHT Collaboration revealed an image of
559:
and others. The algorithms that were ultimately used were a
220:
as observed from Earth: the black hole at the center of the
3292:
1906:
968:
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
862:
738:
A multifrequency view of the bent jet in Blazar J1924-2914.
587:
452:
443:
generated from data gathered by the Event Horizon Telescope
440:
4286:
3050:"The Event Horizon Telescope Image of the Quasar NRAO 530"
2632:"The Image of the M87 Black Hole Reconstructed with PRIMO"
2047:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
1634:"Event Horizon Telescope Will Probe Spacetime's Mysteries"
3241:
2040:
887:
697:
Sagittarius A* in polarised light, image released in 2024
380:
3588:
Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy
2629:
2329:
1298:"Intense sub-arcsecond structure in the galactic center"
269:
which may help better reveal the forces giving rise to
2877:"EHT Pinpoints Dark Heart of the Nearest Radio Galaxy"
2764:
2553:"The photon ring: a black hole ready for its close-up"
1460:
212:. The project's observational targets include the two
4263:
2741:"Something is Lurking in the Heart of Quasar 3C 279"
2733:
2138:
1508:"Focus on the First Event Horizon Telescope Results"
3048:Jorstad, Svetlana; et al. (February 1, 2023).
2459:Johnson, Michael D.; et al. (March 18, 2020).
2458:
1709:
1561:
1559:
853:
Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian
3047:
2244:The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (2019).
1237:Broderick, Avery; Loeb, Abraham (April 11, 2006).
3692:Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network
2392:
2204:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2016:"Astronomers Capture First Image of a Black Hole"
1627:
1625:
1243:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
948:Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Technologia, Mexico
861:(IRAM, itself a collaboration between the French
4335:
1895:
1893:
1556:
2197:
2087:Lisa Grossman, Emily Conover (April 10, 2019).
1861:
1859:
1296:Balick, Bruce; Brown, R.L. (December 1, 1974).
1172:
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1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
3578:Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment
2082:
2080:
1622:
1565:
1499:
3262:
2689:Kim, Jae-Young; et al. (April 5, 2020).
1890:
1236:
1122:Les Houches École d'Été de Physique Théorique
1006:
1004:
658:, the black hole is not large enough for its
196:. The EHT project combines data from several
3568:Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
2421:
2034:
1977:
1856:
1705:
1703:
1582:
1525:
1041:
939:Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan
204:sufficient to observe objects the size of a
3362:500 meter Aperture Spherical Telescope
3242:The Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope
2395:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
2077:
1631:
1485:
1295:
901:Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
809:
590:.The claim has been subsequently disputed.
3269:
3255:
3216:
3202:
3188:
3043:
3041:
2577:
2296:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2112:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1619:Alexander W. Raymond et al 2024 AJ 168 130
1399:
1338:
1001:
963:Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
896:National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
301:collected by the antenna are converted to
142:
82:
44:
30:
3083:
3065:
2984:
2966:
2801:
2783:
2724:
2714:
2665:
2647:
2506:
2496:
2478:
2343:
2279:
2261:
2223:
2174:
2156:
2068:
2058:
1735:
1700:
1419:
1358:
1321:
1272:
1254:
1186:
1096:
1078:
1024:
930:United States National Science Foundation
859:Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique
3682:Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope
3519:Warkworth Radio Astronomical Observatory
2682:
2323:
2198:Blandford, R. D.; Znajek, R. L. (1977).
1983:
1935:. Event Horizon Telescope. April 1, 2019
1405:
1344:
1010:
910:
883:Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
767:
758:
733:
628:
600:
446:
434:
425:
388:Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
321:
309:
288:
3038:
2824:
2427:
2232:
2003:
1947:
1865:
1810:
1588:
1531:
1142:
1119:
822:Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics
4336:
3116:Event Horizon Telescopoe, Organisation
2302:
1899:
1710:Davide Castelvecchi (March 23, 2017).
523:minimum jet power of 10 erg/s via the
113:Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope
4183:Cosmic microwave background radiation
3920:Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory
3642:Large Latin American Millimeter Array
3250:
3014:
3012:
2943:
2941:
2305:Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement
1760:"EHT Status Update, December 15 2017"
1232:
1230:
849:Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
708:, the supermassive black hole at the
379:) from the various telescopes to the
4248:
3896:National Radio Astronomy Observatory
3790:Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope
3118:, EHT Website, accessed: 2022-01-30.
1900:Landau, Elizabeth (April 10, 2019).
1683:"Event horizon snapshot due in 2017"
1680:
1168:
1166:
3888:Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory
3276:
2688:
2415:10.1146/annurev.aa.24.090186.001015
416:
13:
3722:Northern Extended Millimeter Array
3009:
2938:
1984:Gardiner, Aidan (April 12, 2018).
1953:
1811:Mearian, Lucas (August 18, 2015).
1681:Webb, Jonathan (January 8, 2016).
1227:
641:were released. With a mass around
551:methods for astronomy such as the
284:
192:consisting of a global network of
14:
4360:
3558:Australia Telescope Compact Array
3380:Caltech Submillimeter Observatory
3323:Very Long Baseline Interferometry
3233:EHT "Ask Me Anything" (AMA) serie
3224:Event Horizon Telescope's channel
3175:
2636:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1566:Susanna Kohler (April 10, 2019).
1512:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1175:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1163:
1066:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
958:Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
666:
471:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
345:very-long-baseline interferometry
338:from a recent explosion (circled)
198:very-long-baseline interferometry
4349:Albert Einstein Medal recipients
4321:
4309:
4297:
4285:
4273:
4247:
4238:
4237:
3105:Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
3098:
1902:"Black Hole Image Makes History"
1274:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10152.x
690:
675:
156:
3612:Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope
3480:UTR-2 decameter radio telescope
3146:
3121:
3109:
2913:
2895:
2869:
2818:
2758:
2623:
2597:
2571:
2545:
2523:
2452:
2386:
2360:
2191:
2132:
2106:
1921:
1830:
1804:
1778:
1752:
1674:
1656:
1613:
478:was observed in the 6σ region.
3712:Northern Cross Radio Telescope
3548:Atacama Large Millimeter Array
2578:Robert Lea (August 17, 2022).
1493:"Event Horizon Telescope 2022"
1289:
1136:
1113:
685:, first image released in 2022
624:
577:In August 2022, a team led by
547:, as well as self-calibrating
481:The image provided a test for
421:
252:diffraction-limited resolution
98:Atacama Large Millimeter Array
1:
2250:Astrophysical Journal Letters
2113:Jake Parks (April 10, 2019).
2020:European Southern Observatory
1632:O'Neill, Ian (July 2, 2015).
994:
871:Instituto Geográfico Nacional
729:
455:black hole in polarised light
123:James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
103:Atacama Pathfinder Experiment
4162:Gravitational-wave astronomy
3740:Primeval Structure Telescope
2695:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1954:Lu, Donna (April 12, 2019).
487:general theory of relativity
16:Global radio telescope array
7:
4074:Christiaan Alexander Muller
3940:Vermilion River Observatory
3848:Algonquin Radio Observatory
3313:Astronomical interferometer
2716:10.1051/0004-6361/202037493
1933:Event Horizon official blog
844:Goethe University Frankfurt
754:
59:; 15 years ago
10:
4365:
4344:Interferometric telescopes
3414:Large Millimeter Telescope
2847:10.1038/s41550-021-01420-1
2803:10.1038/s41550-021-01417-w
2473:(12, eaaz1310): eaaz1310.
2332:Astronomy and Astrophysics
1145:Astronomy and Astrophysics
920:
877:Large Millimeter Telescope
128:Large Millimeter Telescope
4233:
4170:
4132:
3986:
3951:
3838:
3803:
3702:Murchison Widefield Array
3622:Green Bank Interferometer
3530:
3446:RATAN-600 Radio Telescope
3352:
3337:
3329:Astronomical radio source
3284:
3158:eventhorizontelescope.org
3133:eventhorizontelescope.org
3054:The Astrophysical Journal
3024:eventhorizontelescope.org
2955:The Astrophysical Journal
2881:eventhorizontelescope.org
2145:The Astrophysical Journal
1842:eventhorizontelescope.org
1764:eventhorizontelescope.org
1302:The Astrophysical Journal
953:John Templeton Foundation
935:European Research Council
596:
167:
154:
90:
71:
53:
38:
29:
3912:Onsala Space Observatory
3904:Nançay Radio Observatory
3880:Jodrell Bank Observatory
3780:Very Long Baseline Array
3456:Sardinia Radio Telescope
3085:10.3847/1538-4357/acaea8
2986:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7a40
2667:10.3847/2041-8213/acc32d
2281:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0e85
2176:10.3847/1538-4357/aaafcc
1098:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7
810:Collaborating institutes
744:Very Long Baseline Array
566:(RML) algorithm and the
525:Blandford–Znajek process
492:spinning Kerr black hole
402:all connected through a
162:Related media on Commons
4142:Submillimetre astronomy
3754:Australia, South Africa
3606:Event Horizon Telescope
3210:Event Horizon Telescope
3196:Event Horizon Telescope
2745:Event Horizon Telescope
2707:2020A&A...640A..69K
2407:1986ARA&A..24..127N
2354:1998A&A...337..325S
2317:1974A&AS...15..417H
2225:10.1093/mnras/179.3.433
1438:10.1126/science.1224768
1157:1979A&A....75..228L
978:Smithsonian Institution
943:Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
462:supermassive black hole
206:supermassive black hole
182:Event Horizon Telescope
25:Event Horizon Telescope
3864:Green Bank Observatory
3750:Square Kilometre Array
2498:10.1126/sciadv.aaz1310
917:
839:East Asian Observatory
774:
765:
739:
634:
606:
579:University of Waterloo
456:
444:
432:
339:
319:
307:
39:Alternative names
4157:High-energy astronomy
4044:Sebastian von Hoerner
3652:Long Wavelength Array
3598:European VLBI Network
3538:Allen Telescope Array
3438:Qitai Radio Telescope
2070:10.1093/mnrasl/slz176
991:are industry donors.
914:
833:University of Chicago
827:University of Arizona
771:
762:
737:
632:
604:
450:
438:
429:
390:, where the data are
325:
313:
292:
263:polarized-based image
77:eventhorizontelescope
4225:Solar radio emission
4014:Jocelyn Bell Burnell
3872:Haystack Observatory
3406:Green Bank Telescope
3390:Effelsberg Telescope
1668:www.haystack.mit.edu
1644:on September 5, 2015
891:Haystack Observatory
618:superluminal motions
537:image reconstruction
520:relativistic beaming
398:made from about 800
384:Haystack Observatory
370:South Pole Telescope
316:Modified Julian days
133:South Pole Telescope
4198:Pulsar timing array
4004:Edward George Bowen
3994:Elizabeth Alexander
3856:Arecibo Observatory
3760:Submillimeter Array
3662:Low-Frequency Array
3632:Korean VLBI Network
3498:Southern Hemisphere
3409:(West Virginia, US)
3076:2023ApJ...943..170J
2977:2022ApJ...934..145I
2839:2021NatAs...5..982G
2794:2021NatAs...5.1017J
2658:2023ApJ...947L...7M
2489:2020SciA....6.1310J
2272:2019ApJ...875L...4E
2216:1977MNRAS.179..433B
2167:2018ApJ...855..128W
1766:. December 15, 2017
1728:2017Natur.543..478C
1430:2012Sci...338..355D
1377:10.1038/nature07245
1369:2008Natur.455...78D
1314:1974ApJ...194..265B
1265:2006MNRAS.367..905B
1197:2000ApJ...528L..13F
1130:1973blho.conf.....D
1089:2019ApJ...875L...1E
1035:2009astro2010S..68D
746:imaged the distant
476:rotating black hole
138:Submillimeter Array
108:Greenland Telescope
26:
4178:Aperture synthesis
4147:Infrared astronomy
4084:Joseph Lade Pawsey
4054:Kenneth Kellermann
4024:Nan Dieter-Conklin
3732:One-Mile Telescope
3511:Parkes Observatory
2438:The New York Times
2431:(March 28, 2020).
1990:The New York Times
1876:The New York Times
1869:(April 10, 2019).
1599:The New York Times
1542:The New York Times
1535:(March 24, 2021).
1472:Breakthrough Prize
918:
906:Radboud University
869:, and the Spanish
867:Max Planck Society
775:
766:
740:
635:
607:
564:maximum likelihood
457:
445:
433:
394:and analyzed on a
353:effective aperture
340:
320:
308:
202:angular resolution
118:IRAM 30m telescope
24:
4261:
4260:
4203:Radio propagation
4152:Optical astronomy
4049:Karl Guthe Jansky
3859:(Puerto Rico, US)
3834:
3833:
3626:West Virginia, US
3375:(Puerto Rico, US)
3372:Arecibo Telescope
3154:"Industry Donors"
3129:"Funding Support"
2778:(10): 1017–1028.
2611:. August 31, 2022
2559:. August 16, 2022
1722:(7646): 478–480.
1495:. March 12, 2022.
1414:(6105): 355–358.
504:0.7 billion
464:at the center of
411:COVID-19 pandemic
334:(center) and two
225:elliptical galaxy
216:with the largest
178:
177:
4356:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4290:
4289:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4269:
4251:
4250:
4241:
4240:
4218:HD 164595 signal
4193:Odd radio circle
4171:Related articles
4089:Ruby Payne-Scott
4019:Arthur Covington
4009:Ronald Bracewell
3979:
3971:
3963:
3944:
3935:
3925:
3916:
3908:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3876:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3826:
3816:
3795:
3785:
3775:
3770:Very Large Array
3765:
3755:
3745:
3736:
3727:
3717:
3707:
3697:
3687:
3677:
3667:
3657:
3647:
3646:Argentina/Brazil
3637:
3627:
3617:
3602:
3593:
3583:
3573:
3563:
3553:
3543:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3499:
3492:
3488:Yevpatoria RT-70
3484:
3476:
3468:
3460:
3451:
3442:
3434:
3426:
3422:Lovell Telescope
3418:
3410:
3402:
3394:
3385:
3376:
3367:
3350:
3349:
3339:Radio telescopes
3271:
3264:
3257:
3248:
3247:
3220:
3206:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3184:Official website
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3087:
3069:
3045:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3026:. August 6, 2022
3016:
3007:
3006:
2988:
2970:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2827:Nature Astronomy
2822:
2816:
2815:
2805:
2787:
2772:Nature Astronomy
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2718:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2669:
2651:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2510:
2500:
2482:
2466:Science Advances
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2374:. April 11, 2019
2364:
2358:
2357:
2347:
2345:astro-ph/9803038
2327:
2321:
2320:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2283:
2265:
2241:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2178:
2160:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2062:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2022:. April 10, 2019
2012:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1844:. March 17, 2020
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1792:. April 13, 2019
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1739:
1707:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1640:. Archived from
1629:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1592:(May 12, 2022).
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1423:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1362:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1325:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1276:
1258:
1256:astro-ph/0509237
1234:
1225:
1224:
1190:
1188:astro-ph/9912263
1170:
1161:
1160:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1100:
1082:
1056:
1039:
1038:
1028:
1008:
801:
799:
793:
791:
694:
679:
648:
646:
557:Katherine Bouman
549:image processing
508:
503:
417:Published images
405:
392:cross-correlated
299:Analogue signals
260:
218:angular diameter
194:radio telescopes
171:edit on Wikidata
160:
147:
146:
86:
81:
78:
67:
65:
60:
49:
48:
34:
27:
23:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4322:
4320:
4310:
4308:
4298:
4296:
4284:
4274:
4272:
4264:
4262:
4257:
4229:
4166:
4134:
4128:
4114:Gart Westerhout
3982:
3977:
3969:
3961:
3947:
3942:
3933:
3923:
3922:(PRAO ASC LPI,
3914:
3906:
3898:
3890:
3882:
3874:
3866:
3858:
3850:
3830:
3824:
3814:
3799:
3793:
3783:
3773:
3763:
3753:
3743:
3734:
3725:
3715:
3705:
3695:
3685:
3675:
3665:
3655:
3645:
3635:
3625:
3615:
3600:
3591:
3581:
3571:
3561:
3551:
3541:
3531:Interferometers
3526:
3521:
3513:
3505:
3497:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3472:Usuda Telescope
3466:
3458:
3449:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3383:
3374:
3365:
3354:
3341:
3333:
3303:Radio telescope
3280:
3278:Radio astronomy
3275:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3114:
3110:
3046:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3018:
3017:
3010:
2946:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2883:. July 19, 2021
2875:
2874:
2870:
2833:(10): 982–983.
2823:
2819:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2687:
2683:
2628:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2457:
2453:
2443:
2441:
2429:Overbye, Dennis
2426:
2422:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2328:
2324:
2301:
2297:
2242:
2233:
2196:
2192:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2085:
2078:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1982:
1978:
1965:
1963:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1898:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1867:Overbye, Dennis
1864:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1809:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1737:10.1038/543478a
1708:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1679:
1675:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1630:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1590:Overbye, Dennis
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1533:Overbye, Dennis
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1504:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1404:
1400:
1353:(7209): 78–80.
1343:
1339:
1294:
1290:
1235:
1228:
1171:
1164:
1141:
1137:
1118:
1114:
1057:
1042:
1009:
1002:
997:
985:Western Digital
973:Academia Sinica
923:
879:Alfonso Serrano
820:Academia Sinica
812:
797:
795:
789:
787:
757:
732:
702:
701:
700:
699:
698:
695:
687:
686:
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285:Telescope array
258:microarcseconds
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1308:(1): 265–279.
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1181:(1): L13–L16.
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516:position angle
474:. A clockwise
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660:photon sphere
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357:submillimeter
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4328:Solar System
4133:Astronomy by
4094:Arno Penzias
4034:Cyril Hazard
3676:South Africa
3605:
3467:(Uzbekistan)
3307:Radio window
3161:. Retrieved
3157:
3148:
3136:. Retrieved
3132:
3123:
3111:
3057:
3053:
3028:. Retrieved
3023:
2958:
2954:
2928:. Retrieved
2924:
2915:
2906:
2897:
2885:. Retrieved
2880:
2871:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2775:
2771:
2760:
2748:. Retrieved
2744:
2735:
2726:10261/227201
2698:
2694:
2684:
2639:
2635:
2625:
2613:. Retrieved
2609:Science News
2608:
2599:
2587:. Retrieved
2583:
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2556:
2547:
2535:. Retrieved
2525:
2470:
2464:
2454:
2442:. Retrieved
2436:
2423:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2376:. Retrieved
2371:
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2331:
2325:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2253:
2249:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2122:. Retrieved
2118:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2093:Science News
2092:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2019:
1993:. Retrieved
1989:
1979:
1971:
1964:. Retrieved
1959:
1949:
1937:. Retrieved
1932:
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1905:
1880:. Retrieved
1874:
1846:. Retrieved
1841:
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1816:
1806:
1794:. Retrieved
1790:The Atlantic
1789:
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1763:
1754:
1719:
1715:
1690:. Retrieved
1686:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1642:the original
1637:
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1597:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1546:. Retrieved
1540:
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1511:
1501:
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1471:
1462:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1246:
1242:
1178:
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1121:
1115:
1070:
1064:
1016:
1012:
982:
924:
813:
804:
776:
741:
725:
721:Sera Markoff
703:
636:
608:
592:
576:
572:
529:
506:solar masses
497:
480:
469:
458:
408:
374:
366:
361:polarization
349:phased array
341:
336:light echoes
295:atomic clock
248:
244:
185:
181:
179:
18:
4316:Outer space
4304:Spaceflight
4213:Wow! signal
4104:Martin Ryle
4099:Grote Reber
4029:Frank Drake
3970:(Australia)
3804:Space-based
3794:Netherlands
3666:Netherlands
3636:South Korea
3514:(Australia)
3464:Suffa RT-70
2925:www.eso.org
2907:www.eso.org
2401:: 127–170.
2311:: 417–426.
2053:: L22–L27.
1770:February 9,
639:Centaurus A
625:Centaurus A
584:photon ring
570:algorithm.
561:regularized
555:created by
422:Messier 87*
214:black holes
54:Established
21:Observatory
4338:Categories
4135:EM methods
3355:telescopes
3353:Individual
3067:2302.04622
3060:(2): 170.
3030:August 14,
2968:2208.01662
2961:(2): 145.
2785:2111.03356
2649:2304.06079
2589:August 28,
2563:August 28,
2480:1907.04329
2372:TechCrunch
2263:1906.11241
2210:(3): 433.
2158:1802.06166
2151:(2): 128.
2060:1904.07923
1822:August 21,
1648:August 21,
1570:. AAS Nova
1080:1906.11238
995:References
764:intensity.
730:J1924-2914
545:Jan Högbom
466:Messier 87
451:A view of
377:sneakernet
306:locations.
267:black hole
236:the center
228:Messier 87
222:supergiant
91:Telescopes
4280:Astronomy
4119:Paul Wild
3952:Multi-use
3932:(SAORAS,
3706:Australia
3694:(MERLIN,
3686:Australia
3572:Australia
3562:Australia
3491:(Ukraine)
3483:(Ukraine)
3393:(Germany)
3094:256661718
3003:251274752
2995:0004-637X
2930:March 27,
2863:237675257
2855:2397-3366
2812:2397-3366
2750:April 20,
2676:258108405
2642:(1): L7.
2584:Space.com
2537:March 24,
2444:March 29,
2378:April 15,
2290:146068771
2256:(1): L4.
2124:April 10,
2119:Astronomy
2098:April 10,
2026:April 10,
1995:April 15,
1966:April 12,
1939:April 10,
1913:April 10,
1882:April 10,
1848:March 29,
1796:April 14,
1692:March 24,
1574:April 10,
1548:March 25,
1517:April 10,
1477:March 15,
1421:1210.6132
1360:0809.2442
1332:121802758
1221:119433133
1107:145906806
1073:(1): L1.
1026:0906.3899
714:Milky Way
539:known as
439:Image of
406:network.
404:40 Gbit/s
372:arrived.
330:image of
275:Milky Way
240:Milky Way
42:EHT
4243:Category
4079:Jan Oort
3978:(Canada)
3962:(Canada)
3915:(Sweden)
3907:(France)
3851:(Canada)
3821:Spektr-R
3664:(LOFAR,
3644:(LLAMA,
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3590:(CARMA,
3580:(CHIME,
3570:(ASKAP,
3417:(Mexico)
3401:(Russia)
3285:Concepts
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2887:July 20,
2517:32206723
2185:59322635
1962:. London
1746:28332538
1687:BBC News
1454:37585603
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1385:18769434
1283:16881360
1213:10587484
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4266:Portals
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3792:(WSRT,
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3684:(MOST,
3672:MeerKAT
3614:(GMRT,
3560:(ATCA,
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3503:HartRAO
3475:(Japan)
3459:(Italy)
3441:(China)
3433:(India)
3364:(FAST,
3317:History
3291:Units (
3228:YouTube
3214:Twitter
3072:Bibcode
2973:Bibcode
2835:Bibcode
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2654:Bibcode
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2485:Bibcode
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2163:Bibcode
1724:Bibcode
1605:May 12,
1426:Bibcode
1408:Science
1393:4424735
1365:Bibcode
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1193:Bibcode
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1126:Bibcode
1085:Bibcode
1031:Bibcode
921:Funding
783:blazars
712:of the
586:around
271:quasars
265:of the
238:of the
188:) is a
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3987:People
3934:Russia
3924:Russia
3825:Russia
3772:(VLA,
3762:(SMA,
3752:(SKA,
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3704:(MWA,
3654:(LWA,
3634:(KVN,
3624:(GBI,
3582:Canada
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611:blazar
597:3C 279
431:corner
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3811:HALCA
3744:China
3716:Italy
3616:India
3608:(EHT)
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1021:arXiv
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359:dual
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3891:(UK)
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3735:(UK)
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3140:2023
3032:2022
2991:ISSN
2932:2024
2889:2021
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2808:ISSN
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2126:2019
2100:2019
2028:2019
1997:2019
1968:2019
1941:2019
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1907:NASA
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