219:
393:
448:, considered alternative proposals to link Barnstaple with the emerging national network, via Crediton or otherwise. However, because it became evident that the gauge question was to be determined by a new Gauge Commission, which was expected to mandate the gauge of all future railways, Dalhousie deferred a decision. In the circumstances it is surprising that the Exeter and Crediton Railway (E&CR) obtained its authorising act of Parliament, the
119:
515:
26:
1025:
The line was completed, but not opened, from Cowley Bridge
Junction (with the Bristol and Exeter Railway) to Crediton in 1847. It was a broad gauge double track, and a station at Cowley Bridge was built and complete in 1848; it too was not opened. There was a double track wooden viaduct on the curve
914:
The Exeter and
Crediton section was the stem of the LSWR's continuing expansion in Devon; if the initial traffic in the area was in agricultural and fisheries, the LSWR energetically developed the emerging idea of seaside holidays. Nonetheless the main line to Plymouth was the most important asset.
674:
also had heavy financial commitments elsewhere that took precedence. Accordingly, there was now an impasse, and the completed line and the rudimentary station at Cowley Bridge remained unused. It was not until
February 1851 that a shareholders' meeting could be informed by William Chaplin, Chairman
590:
directors, and proposed prohibiting the opening of the line on the broad gauge. Buller as chairman declared the proposition to be illegal but it was carried. Amid angry scenes and a scuffle, Buller and his friends departed the meeting, taking the minute book with them. At subsequent legal hearings,
972:
was established as the nationalised railway entity in Great
Britain. With the rise of independent travel by private car, and the widespread transfer of goods transport to road, followed by the rise of cheap holidays overseas, usage of the lines collapsed and closures of many of the North Devon and
522:
These provisional leases had to be ratified by shareholders, and at a stormy shareholders' meeting on 11 January 1847 the provisional lease was rejected; the issue of allegiance to the B&ER and the broad gauge had been taken for granted by the directors, but the shareholders thought otherwise.
342:
The railway mania was at its height at this time: proposals for new railways were produced daily, and many of them had little chance of financial success. Parliament established a committee of members of the Board of Trade, headed by Lord
Dalhousie, to evaluate competing schemes for any particular
619:
supporters among the shareholding obtained an injunction from the Court of
Chancery forbidding them from opening on the broad gauge. This was founded on the resolution of 12 April 1847; the significance was that once opened to passengers, a line could not change its gauge without a fresh act of
338:
Business interests in
Crediton were not slow to realise that the railway at Exeter was a benefit for their town if a railway branch could be made to it, and in 1844 a proposal was formulated to make a line from Crediton to Cowley Bridge on the B&ER; the required capital of £60,000 was soon
487:(LSWR), which aspired to expand into Devon. At this time its nearest approach was east of Salisbury, but it was determined to get a main line to Exeter and into north Devon. The new company was usually referred to as the Taw Vale Extension Railway (TVER), or simply the Taw Vale Railway.
868:(although a daily broad gauge goods train continued to run). The Bristol and Exeter Railway amalgamated with the Great Western Railway and other companies from 1 February 1876, the combined company using the title Great Western Railway (GWR). Negotiations took place for the
900:
818:
343:
district; it was assumed that only one line would satisfy all local requirements. The issue was complicated by the gauge question: the GWR and its allies operated on the broad gauge, while many other companies used the narrow gauge of
896:; it had long been controlled by it, and the neighbouring North Devon Railway had been acquired in 1865, so that the change of ownership simply continued the situation: the Exeter to Barnstaple line was just a branch of the LSWR.
277:
Crediton was an important town at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and business interests there considered how transport links could be improved. In 1831 it was proposed to make a railway connection to a dock on the tidal
1038:
A short section of double track at Cowley Bridge, called Cowley loop, was opened 11 November 1874, and the line from the loop to St Cyres was doubled on 23 February 1875, and St Cyres to
Crediton was doubled from 2 June 1875.
687:
had been agreed; they would work the line, altering one of the two narrow gauge tracks to broad gauge, and installing the junction with their own line at Cowley Bridge; these works would be at the expense of the
591:
the takeover by the Taw Vale directors was declared to be legal, and a director called Thorne was properly the chairman of the company. Complaints were made to the
Railway Commissioners, and they found that the
581:
and were dismayed by this sudden rejection of their intentions. Buller quickly signed a contract to work the line with a George
Hennett on 7 April 1847, with the intention of frustrating the alignment to the
635:
infrastructure—applied to the Gauge Commissioners for a decision on the gauge of their own line, and made it clear that they expected that to be for the narrow gauge. Moreover, they altered the track of the
236:
An Act for making and maintaining a Railway from the Basin of the Exeter Canal in the Parish of Saint Thomas the Apostle in the County of Devon to the Four Mills in the Parish of Crediton in the said County.
480:
365:) (later referred to as standard gauge). If a small independent line were authorised, its track gauge implied its allegiance to the GWR and its allies, or to the GWR's competitors, as the case may be.
611:
Notwithstanding the difficulties in shareholders' meetings, construction had been continuing and was ready—as a double track broad gauge line—early in 1847, except for the actual connection to the
752:
911:
from 1876}} continued to run broad gauge goods trains until the abolition of broad gauge west of Exeter on 20 May 1892. Narrow gauge GWR goods trains continued operating until 1 October 1903.
1029:
The Exeter and Crediton line was opened as a single broad gauge line on 12 May 1851. The TVER line from Crediton on to Barnstaple opened as single line on the broad gauge on 1 August 1854.
700:
Captain Mynne of the Board of Trade inspected the line and approved it, and a ceremonial opening took place on 12 May 1851, full public services starting the same day. The
313:(SDR) on from Exeter to Plymouth and Torquay, opened in stages between 30 May 1846 and 2 April 1849. These railways were in a friendly alliance, and were all built on the
763:(NDR), reduced its capital and its plans, and settled for a single broad gauge line connecting Barnstaple with Crediton. The act authorised NDR trains to run over the
1032:
The Exe viaduct at Cowley Bridge was replaced by a double track iron bridge in 1858, but as part of the work the curve to the junction was tightened considerably.
774:
The NDR opened its line to traffic on 1 August 1854 (although a premature ceremonial "opening" took place on 12 July). The NDR contracted out its operation to
825:
c. ciii) of 3 July 1860 authorised the construction of a steeply graded connecting line from Queen Street to St Davids at Exeter, mixing the gauge on the
708:. The only stations were Newton St Cyres and Crediton. Road passenger coach services were instituted connecting Barnstaple and Torrington with Crediton.
305:(GWR) was opened between London and Bristol in 1841, revolutionising transport in the area it served. This encouraged the promotion of another line, the
1382:
976:
The Exeter and Crediton line remains open as the stem of what is now the Barnstaple branch line; the passenger service operates under the brand name
711:
The initial services consisted of seven trains per day in each direction, with a journey time of around 15 minutes. The fares were 1st class single 1
1372:
586:
bloc. The minority Taw Vale directors called an extraordinary general meeting on 12 April 1847, and proposed removal of Buller and three other
460:
c. lxxxviii) on 21 July 1845, with capital of £70,000. The track gauge was to be "such as the Board of Trade shall in its discretion approve".
475:
Meanwhile, competing proposals were submitted to the 1846 session of Parliament for railways to connect Barnstaple to the network. The
1362:
1096:
809:
had long harboured intentions to extend into north and west Devon, and formerly had thought of an independent line connecting to the
692:. The Cowley Bridge station would not be required. (In fact the wooden building was dismantled and re-erected at Newton St Cyres.)
1387:
919:
415:
241:
1377:
1157:
853:
became effective. The lease was renewed for seven years from 1869, and the line was doubled on mixed gauge from 1 June 1875.
1300:
1182:
880:. Not without difficulty, this was agreed and the purchase was valued at £217,687; as a majority shareholder itself, the
964:(SR). The SR had a vigorous publicity organisation and developed the Devon and Cornwall holiday traffic, and the famous
640:
line to narrow gauge, and informed the Commissioners that they proposed to start narrow gauge passenger services on the
523:
Many shareholders had only obtained shares in the previous week, and the vote appeared to have been engineered by the
1074:
MacDermot refers to this as "in the Cowley Meadows", probably a generic location rather than a proposed station name.
940:
progressively in the period 1886 to 1892, and the line was extended from Holsworthy to Bude in 1898, completing the
1352:
995:; Bristol and Exeter Railway station, a little over a mile south of the E&CR junction; used by E&CR trains;
992:
732:
724:
720:
484:
397:
223:
166:
54:
1004:
1225:
1045:
The line over Cowley Viaduct was singled on 28 November 1965, and the entire line was singled 16 December 1984.
704:
was now a single broad gauge line (with an unused narrow gauge line alongside), and effectively a branch of the
936:
Holsworthy was reached in 1879, after which Cornwall was brought into the LSWR network with the opening of the
926:; an independent route by-passing the competing South Devon Railway was opened from Lydford to Devonport 1890.
1062:
269:
1367:
1357:
494:
had to be built on the broad gauge, to enable through running on to the Exeter and Crediton line, and the
923:
310:
751:
of the narrow gauge exacerbated its feelings. It took some time to decide on a way forward, but by the
306:
183:
162:
483:, from Barnstaple to join the Exeter and Crediton line at Crediton. This scheme was supported by the
479:
wished to make a line from their (proposed) Tiverton station, but that was rejected in favour of the
286:
was needed; onward transport would be by coastal shipping. Parliamentary powers were obtained by the
778:, and although through trains operated from Exeter to Barnstaple, engines were changed at Crediton.
595:
had improperly funded share purchases by local individuals to gain a majority at the votes, but the
1010:
30:
652:
still aspired to have an independent line from there to their own Queen Street station at Exeter.
941:
864:
board and shareholding, so independence was illusory, and the line was operated as a part of the
728:
716:
712:
530:
Nonetheless the company did not propose to work the line itself, and accordingly a lease to the
298:. c. xciii) of 23 June 1832. However no construction actually took place and the powers lapsed.
965:
937:
930:
961:
405:
302:
231:
170:
309:(B&ER), which was completed on 1 May 1844. This in turn led to the construction of the
8:
1022:
The line climbed gently, typically at 1 in 303, from Cowley Bridge Junction to Crediton.
922:
was opened progressively from 1862 to 1876, relying at first on running powers over the
1259:
1296:
1178:
1153:
953:
644:
on 15 February 1848; this was to be from Crediton to Cowley Bridge just short of the
615:
at Cowley Bridge, and the directors anticipated starting train services. However the
822:
756:
295:
246:
813:. However the topography was challenging, and a cooling of the hostility with the
747:
had suffered a reverse over the question of its gauge, and the abandonment by the
1338:
A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain – Volume I – the West Country
1265:
817:
led to an agreement—concluded on 14 March 1860—to connect the two networks. The
1270:
1266:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
775:
457:
420:
94:
655:
However, on 8 February 1848 the commissioners issued their determination: the
1346:
169:, thus being one of the few broad gauge railways never to become part of the
1035:
Mixed gauge track was commissioned on the E&CR line on 1 February 1862.
969:
433:
410:
An Act for making a Railway from Exeter to Crediton in the County of Devon.
259:
1293:
The London & South Western Railway, volume 2: Growth and Consolidation
339:
subscribed and an bill was put forward in the 1845 session of Parliament.
538:
too had had a difficult shareholders' meeting, and had opted to join the
463:
The new company made provisional arrangements to lease their line to the
314:
139:
66:
1126:
volume II, published by the Great Western Railway Company, London, 1931
979:
178:
279:
158:
884:
paid out only £81,256. The transfer was effective on 26 June 1879.
157:
Although built in 1847, it was not opened until 12 May 1851 due to
147:
901:
London and South Western Railway (Exeter and North Devon) Act 1860
819:
London and South Western Railway (Exeter and North Devon) Act 1860
118:
845:
trains ran to Crediton from 1 February 1862, when a lease of the
514:
577:, and the chairman J. W. Buller, were strongly in favour of the
1197:, Patrick Stephens Limited, Wellingborough, 1990, 1 85260 049 7
956:
the main line railways of Great Britain were "grouped" and the
283:
143:
25:
151:
929:
The rocky coast of North Devon was reached in 1874 when the
903:
obliged the LSWR to maintain broad gauge to Crediton so the
829:
to Cowley Bridge, and providing mixed gauge track on the
957:
893:
881:
869:
865:
857:
850:
842:
806:
798:
station. There was no connection at this stage with the
787:
680:
671:
649:
628:
616:
592:
583:
567:
559:
539:
524:
723:. (equivalent to £9.21 in 2023), 2nd class single 9
790:
reached Exeter on 18 July 1860; their Exeter station,
506:, matching the lease of the Exeter and Crediton line.
1083:
Ceremonial opening; public opening the following day.
1026:
away from the B&ER line, crossing the River Exe.
999:
Cowley Bridge; constructed in 1848 but never opened;
968:
passenger train reached the towns served. From 1948
904:
877:
861:
846:
830:
810:
764:
748:
738:
701:
689:
676:
660:
641:
637:
632:
600:
574:
563:
551:
543:
154:, England. It was 5¼ miles (8½ km) long.
1224:
826:
814:
799:
795:
768:
759:c. lxxxiii) of 24 July 1851 it renamed itself the
744:
705:
684:
667:
656:
645:
624:
612:
596:
587:
578:
555:
547:
535:
531:
503:
499:
498:lost no time in making a provisional lease of the
495:
491:
476:
464:
892:The Exeter and Crediton line was now part of the
1344:
606:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1318:
1065:in 1845 but had no physical connection to it.
908:
873:
836:
727:. (equivalent to £5.19 in 2023), return 1
715:. (equivalent to £6.92 in 2023), return 1
444:Dalhousie's committee, widely referred to as
1311:
1309:
1226:"Opening of the Exeter and Crediton Railway"
1295:, David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1973,
1245:
1207:
1205:
1203:
670:had run out of money, and its sponsor, the
481:Taw Vale Railway Extension and Dock Company
1340:, David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1966
1195:Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies
1177:, Oxford Publishing Co., Sparkford, 1992,
1169:
1167:
1165:
781:
122:The Exeter and Crediton Railway in context
1306:
1285:
1262:inflation figures are based on data from
1219:
1217:
1097:Southern Railway routes west of Salisbury
1383:Railway companies disestablished in 1862
1200:
513:
117:
1162:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1042:Broad gauge was abolished 20 May 1892.
159:disagreement about the gauge to be used
1345:
1241:– via British Newspaper Archive.
1214:
841:The necessary track was installed and
554:shareholders on 24 February 1847; the
509:
368:
176:It remains open as part of the scenic
165:, but eventually became a part of the
1373:Railway companies established in 1845
1263:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
786:After considerable difficulties, the
753:North Devon Railway and Dock Act 1851
573:The majority of the directors of the
558:obligations were underwritten by the
270:Text of statute as originally enacted
1187:
1152:, Irwell Press Ltd, Clophill, 2008,
1124:History of the Great Western Railway
1109:
735:. (equivalent to £2.3 in 2023).
470:
452:Exeter and Crediton Railway Act 1845
380:Exeter and Crediton Railway Act 1845
290:Exeter and Crediton Railway Act 1832
206:Exeter and Crediton Railway Act 1832
887:
161:. It was initially operated by the
13:
1331:
1129:
695:
599:had done a similar thing over the
194:
14:
1399:
1017:
947:
794:, was much more central than the
1363:London and South Western Railway
1148:John Nicholas and George Reeve,
739:The North Devon Railway connects
663:) was to be a broad gauge line.
485:London and South Western Railway
398:Parliament of the United Kingdom
391:
224:Parliament of the United Kingdom
217:
167:London and South Western Railway
24:
1077:
973:North Cornwall lines followed.
771:to reach Exeter, by agreement.
518:Newton St Cyres railway station
1388:1845 establishments in England
1068:
1055:
1:
1102:
1063:Bodmin and Wadebridge Railway
607:Construction, but not opening
1378:Railway lines opened in 1851
1324:Williams, volume 2, page 228
1211:MacDermot volume II page 148
1061:It had purchased the little
933:from Barnstaple was opened.
7:
1090:
986:
761:North Devon Railway Company
128:Exeter and Crediton Railway
19:Exeter and Crediton Railway
10:
1404:
837:LSWR acquires the E&CR
373:United Kingdom legislation
307:Bristol and Exeter Railway
199:United Kingdom legislation
189:
163:Bristol and Exeter Railway
833:, and also the NDR line.
432:
427:
414:
404:
390:
385:
378:
268:
258:
253:
240:
230:
216:
211:
204:
101:
65:
60:
50:
42:
37:
23:
1048:
659:(and by implication the
566:was to be leased to the
31:Crediton railway station
1353:Rail transport in Devon
1264:Clark, Gregory (2017).
960:formed part of the new
942:Okehampton to Bude Line
782:The LSWR reaches Exeter
542:camp. The lease of the
1336:David St John Thomas,
1233:. England. 15 May 1851
966:Atlantic Coast Express
938:North Cornwall Railway
683:, that a lease to the
631:and in control of the
519:
123:
920:main line to Plymouth
517:
303:Great Western Railway
171:Great Western Railway
121:
1175:The North Devon Line
876:shareholding in the
731:, 3rd class single 4
142:railway that linked
1368:Transport in Exeter
1358:7 ft gauge railways
1315:MacDermot, page 160
1231:North Devon Journal
1193:Christopher Awdry,
1150:The Okehampton Line
924:South Devon Railway
510:Leasing the company
369:The line authorised
311:South Devon Railway
20:
1303:, pages 223 to 228
1260:Retail Price Index
1003:St Cyres; renamed
562:and in effect the
534:was proposed. The
520:
124:
43:Dates of operation
18:
1158:978-1-903266-13-7
954:Railways Act 1921
931:Ilfracombe branch
823:23 & 24 Vict.
757:14 & 15 Vict.
627:—effectively the
471:The Taw Vale line
442:
441:
386:Act of Parliament
296:2 & 3 Will. 4
275:
274:
247:2 & 3 Will. 4
212:Act of Parliament
116:
115:
1395:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1304:
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1171:
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1146:
1127:
1120:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1059:
993:Exeter St Davids
970:British Railways
962:Southern Railway
959:
910:
906:
895:
888:Part of the LSWR
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
852:
848:
844:
832:
828:
816:
812:
808:
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797:
789:
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766:
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746:
707:
703:
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673:
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651:
647:
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630:
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618:
614:
602:
598:
594:
589:
585:
580:
576:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
550:was ratified by
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
526:
505:
501:
497:
493:
478:
466:
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453:
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381:
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364:
360:
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357:
353:
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334:
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292:
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221:
220:
207:
202:
201:
137:
133:
111:
107:
97:
91:
87:
85:
84:
80:
77:
55:Southern Railway
28:
21:
17:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1397:
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1394:
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1392:
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1342:
1334:
1332:Further reading
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1307:
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1274:
1257:
1246:
1236:
1234:
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1215:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1188:
1173:John Nicholas,
1172:
1163:
1147:
1130:
1122:E T MacDermot,
1121:
1110:
1105:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1020:
1007:1 October 1913;
1005:Newton St Cyres
989:
950:
890:
872:to buy out the
839:
784:
741:
698:
696:Opening at last
609:
512:
473:
458:8 & 9 Vict.
451:
450:
421:8 & 9 Vict.
400:
392:
379:
374:
371:
362:
355:
351:
348:
346:
345:4 ft
344:
332:
325:
321:
320:
319:7 ft
318:
289:
288:
226:
218:
205:
200:
197:
195:Early proposals
192:
182:from Exeter to
135:
131:
109:
105:
93:
89:
82:
78:
75:
73:
72:4 ft
71:
46:1851–1923
33:
12:
11:
5:
1401:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1317:
1305:
1291:R A Williams,
1284:
1271:MeasuringWorth
1244:
1213:
1199:
1186:
1161:
1128:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1019:
1018:Infrastructure
1016:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1001:
996:
988:
985:
949:
948:After the LSWR
946:
889:
886:
860:dominated the
838:
835:
783:
780:
776:Thomas Brassey
740:
737:
697:
694:
608:
605:
511:
508:
472:
469:
446:the Five Kings
440:
439:
436:
430:
429:
425:
424:
418:
412:
411:
408:
402:
401:
396:
388:
387:
383:
382:
372:
370:
367:
273:
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266:
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262:
256:
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250:
244:
238:
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234:
228:
227:
222:
214:
213:
209:
208:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
114:
113:
103:
102:Previous gauge
99:
98:
95:standard gauge
69:
63:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
35:
34:
29:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1400:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
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1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
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1341:
1339:
1321:
1312:
1310:
1302:
1301:0 7153 5940 1
1298:
1294:
1288:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1183:0 86093 461 6
1180:
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665:
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438:21 July 1845
434:Royal assent
341:
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264:23 June 1832
260:Royal assent
177:
175:
156:
127:
125:
112:) until 1892
15:
666:By now the
423:c. lxxxviii
315:broad gauge
140:broad gauge
67:Track gauge
1347:Categories
1103:References
980:Tarka Line
952:Under the
527:interest.
406:Long title
249:. c. xciii
232:Long title
184:Barnstaple
179:Tarka Line
280:River Exe
132:7 ft
106:7 ft
61:Technical
51:Successor
1091:See also
1011:Crediton
987:Stations
905:B&ER
878:E&CR
862:E&CR
847:E&CR
831:E&CR
827:B&ER
815:B&ER
811:E&CR
800:B&ER
796:B&ER
769:B&ER
765:E&CR
749:E&CR
706:B&ER
702:E&CR
690:E&CR
685:B&ER
679:and the
677:E&CR
661:E&CR
646:B&ER
642:E&CR
638:E&CR
633:E&CR
613:B&ER
601:E&CR
597:B&ER
588:B&ER
579:B&ER
575:E&CR
564:E&CR
552:E&CR
544:E&CR
504:B&ER
496:B&ER
477:B&ER
465:B&ER
416:Citation
359: in
329: in
242:Citation
148:Crediton
86: in
38:Overview
1237:14 July
546:to the
354:⁄
324:⁄
190:History
81:⁄
1299:
1181:
1156:
648:. The
603:vote.
284:Exeter
144:Exeter
130:was a
1277:7 May
1049:Notes
428:Dates
254:Dates
152:Devon
1297:ISBN
1279:2024
1239:2021
1179:ISBN
1154:ISBN
978:the
958:LSWR
918:The
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894:LSWR
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788:LSWR
767:and
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490:The
301:The
146:and
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335:).
317:of
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