Human rights in Egypt

6522:"منصة اللاجئين في مصر-Refugees' platform in Egypt - The Sudanese refugee community in Egypt was shocked last Thursday by the news of the death of a pregnant Sudanese refugee after her foetus died inside her womb, which led to a poisoning that resulted in her death. According to Sudanese female witnesses, who happened to be in front of the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in "6th of October" city to complete their papers, the Sudanese refugee "Taghred Ishaq Ali" (residing in Maadi) was sitting in front of the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees last Thursday, September 2, when she fell in a state of complete fatigue and with suspected preeclampsia, she was transferred to a nearby hospital which refused to receive her because neither her husband nor any of her family members were present to sign the papers necessary for the operation, and the procedures were not completed, as she died shortly after the death of her foetus. The thirty-five-year-old, Mrs. Taghreed, arrived in Egypt sixteen years ago and applied for asylum at the United Nations High Commissioner in April 2005. According to Sudanese female witnesses who attended the incident mentioned that Taghreed was always present in front of the UNHCR office throughout the past period without explaining the reason for her constant presence. the witness added, "some refugees do this when they are stranded and need urgent help, and at the same time they cannot speak with a staff member directly through the phone numbers and e-mail designated by UNHCR." According to Mr. Abdel Moneim El Idrissi, head of the General Assembly of Sudanese Refugees in Egypt, the association assigned a committee of its members to follow up the case and try to reach a member of the family of the deceased. On the other side, the refugees who attended her death and went with her to the hospital are still looking for a member of her family to complete the burial permit and procedures. | Facebook" 1932:'s report accused the Egyptian authority of violating human rights. On February 9, 2017, El Nadeem Center for rehabilitation of victims of violence was shut down. The shutdown of the center was considered another shocking attack on civil society since it offers supporting victims of torture and other ill-treatment and families of people subjected to enforced disappearances in the country, which should have been given support not punishment over carrying out its values. As the report suggested, the shutdown of the center follows a year of harassment by the authorities on human rights activists; yet the center made a judicial appeal against the decision. The police carried out the latest raid without waiting for the outcome of this appeal, however. The Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies documented 39 people who have been executed since December 2017. These individuals were mostly civilians who were convicted under military jurisdiction which is in violation of International human rights standards. 2118:, President El-Sisi has been able to hold political prisoners on a "vastly greater scale" than his predecessors by using pretrial detention. Prisoners can be detained for five months if prosecutors request more time to investigate. After five months, the detainee get a hearing before a terrorism court judge, "who can renew detentions for 45 days at a time. The hearings are closed to the public, even to detainees’ families. Defendants appear in crowded, soundproof glass cages that are muted to keep them from being heard — or even from hearing their own judgments. The 45-day of additional detention "can be renewed repeatedly for up to two years. After that, the law requires that the detainee be released, though that does not always happen. In many cases, prosecutors simply bring a new case, starting the two-year timer all over again." 1466:

after a single hearing, the Supreme Administrative Council of Egypt ruled against the Baháʼís, stating that the government may not recognize the Baháʼí Faith in official identification numbers. The ruling left Baháʼís unable to obtain the necessary government documents to have rights in their country unless they lie about their religion, which conflicts with Baháʼí religious principle. Baháʼís cannot obtain identification cards, birth certificates, death certificates, marriage or divorce certificates, or passports. Without those documents, they cannot be employed, educated, treated in hospitals, or vote, among other things. In 2008, a Cairo court ruled that Baháʼís may obtain birth certificates and identification documents, so long as they omit their religion on court documents.

2293: 1355:, Egypt, as a result of inhumane conditions of detention. As of 25 July 2022, almost 1,163 deaths have been documented inside detention centers and prisons in Egypt since 2013. In its report titled "Egyptian prisons: rehabilitation centres or graves for human rights", the Committee For Justice organisation have outlined the verdicts issued against many human rights and political figures in Egypt. The report also outlined the findings of documented violations, including 7,369 violations in 66 official and unofficial places of detention. The documented violations were topped by arbitrary deprivation of liberty, followed by enforced disappearance, poor conditions of detention, torture, and deaths in detention facilities. 686:

interference with privacy; the worst forms of restrictions on free expression, the press, and the internet, including arrests or prosecutions against journalists, censorship, site blocking, and the existence of unenforced criminal libel; substantial interference with the rights of peaceful assembly and freedom of association, such as overly restrictive laws governing civil society organizations; restrictions on political participation; violence involving religious minorities; violence targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons; use of the law to arbitrarily arrest and prosecute LGBTI persons; and forced or compulsory child labor.

1708:, said that "Female circumcision is entrenched in Islamic life and teaching," and, "called on the government to implement training programmes for doctors to carry out the operation under anesthesia. Another doctor reportedly said, "If my daughter is not circumcised no man is going to marry her." Other MDs stated that the, "trauma of the operation remains with the girl for the rest of her life,..." the argument that the procedure prevents women from "moral deviation," and argued that it is not, "a legitimate medical practice, and when it is conducted by untrained people it frequently results in infection and other medical problems..." 747:(RsF) ranked Egypt 166 out of 180 countries in press freedom. Press freedom has gone from 143rd out of 167 nations in 2008, to 158th in the world in 2013. The RsF group laments that the Sisi government has "bought up the biggest media groups to the point that it now controls the entire media landscape and has imposed a complete clampdown on free speech." The two sources agree that promised reforms on the subject have been disappointingly slow or uneven in implementation. Freedom House had a slightly more positive assessment indicating that increased freedom to discuss controversial issues has occurred. 1265:, and other judicial harassment of human rights defenders. In their statement, they also showed solidarity with the findings of the UN, stating the concerns over cruel and inhuman prison conditions, and the deliberate denial of adequate medical care that has led or contributed to preventable deaths in custody and serious damage to prisoners’ health. In 2020 alone, at least 35 people died in custody or shortly after following medical complications. The health and human rights crisis in prisons was further exacerbated by the authorities' failure to adequately address COVID-19 outbreaks. 3718:, arbitrary and open-ended travel bans enable the Egyptian authorities to repress human rights defenders or the key members of civil society who oppose the government. There's no clear way to challenge these bans in court. Travel bans applied as punishments for peaceful work of human rights lawyers, journalists, feminists, and researchers are repressive and a human rights abuse. The bans impose a life-altering system of punishment to the critics of the Egyptian government, while separating families, damaging careers, and harming the mental health of those subjected to them. 1811:, a political party rising in popularity in Egypt, condemns homosexuality, saying, "From my religious view, all the religious people, in Christianity, in Judaism, condemn homosexuality," he says. "It is against the whole sense in Egypt. The temper in Egypt is against homosexuality." A government spokesman said the Queen Boat incident was not a violation of human rights but, "actually an interpretation of the norms of our society, the family values of our society. And no one should judge us by their own values. And some of these values in the West are actually in decay." 1395:

the population, "face systematic discrimination on societal and institutional levels", for example in laws "to impede building and renovating non-Sunni Muslim houses of worship", as of 2019. A 2016 law allegedly intended "to legalize unlicensed churches and facilitate the construction of new churches ... has achieved little in removing obstacles and sectarian violence around building churches. According to pro-government newspapers, of about 6,000 churches and service buildings that lack legal recognition, only 1,027 were given conditional permits as of July" 2019.

1531:

leave the town. On 22 February 2017, Nabila's son in law, Sameh Mansour, was told by his neighbor that two masked men came to his home and knocked on his door while he was out making arrangements the burial of his two relatives murdered by ISIS. That same day one of his neighbors, Kamel Abu Romany, who lived 150 meters away from Mansour's house, was also killed by armed gunmen. Mansour, therefore, fled with his family leaving his house and his job. Now he lives in temporary accommodation in Ismailia, and tries to place his young children in new schools in Ismailia.

1230: 1849:

create a grass-roots movement, critics point to "imported" issues such as female genital mutilation and gay rights as proof that many human rights groups have a Western agenda that seems more important than pressing issues that matter to ordinary Egyptians—such as environmental, labour, housing and educational rights," and says that the issues brought up at the press conference to launch the above report, "reminded some in the audience of US efforts to impose its own vision of democracy in Egypt as part of the US administration's plan for a Greater Middle East."

1340:, the Egyptian government "has long denied holding any political detainees", but in the last few weeks as of late June 2022, "some officials have begun to acknowledge the practice of imprisoning people for their political views", saying it was "necessary to restore stability" after the 2011 Arab Spring revolution in Egypt. International human rights organizations reported that there are some 60,000 political prisoners in Egypt. The Egyptian government was thought to be under pressure to improve its human rights record after the death of prominent economist 939: 1704:

clitoris for girls who Muslim doctors determine require it, saying it prevents sexual arousal in women in whom it would be inappropriate such as unmarried girls and spinsters. He cited Muslim custom, Islamic law, and a study reporting that the procedure is a determinant of chastity in Egyptian girls. He also blamed the controversy about the procedure on the fact that the "West wants to impose its culture and philosophy on us". The ban was controversial in the medical community as well. In the debates leading up to the ban, a gynecologist at

2179:'s statements from 1 July 2015 to the end of 2018: "In 108 incidents involving 471 men, only six suspects survived... That represents a kill ratio of 98.7 percent. Five members of the security forces were killed.... Thirty seven were injured." The Reuters' analysis of the ministry's statements found that in total "465 men killed in what the Interior Ministry said were shootouts with its forces over a period of three and a half years." The killings began in the aftermath of the assassination of Egypt's chief prosecutor 2054:

terrorists. He tried to commit suicide in August because he had been granted parole twice but his release was delayed each time. He suffered from essential hypertension and was on a hunger strike to protest against the conditions of his detention and the fact that prison authorities added new cases to him every time he was about to be released. Earlier in July, blogger Mohamed Ibrahim attempted suicide after he was denied family visits for 15 months and was not allowed to use the money sent by his family to buy food.

7066: 76: 1870:

entry visa or a transit visa. In 1976 a law was passed stating that no foreigners could own real property, although Palestinians were later granted the right to own agricultural land. In 1978 the ability of Palestinians to work in the civil service was revoked. Gradually the process of attaining travel documents for Palestinians has become more difficult. Jordanian Palestinians who hold two-year passports are now required to obtain entry and exit visas to travel to Egypt.

12701: 10916: 2209:. HRW's investigation revealed that thousands of people have been killed since 2013 and crimes including mass arbitrary arrests, enforced disappearances, torture, extrajudicial killings, and possibly unlawful air and ground attacks against civilians have been prevailing. The Egyptian army has denounced the accusations, claiming that some politicised organisations are trying to tarnish the image of Egypt and its military through "fabricating" such reports. 1202:-based human rights advocate claimed in his lawsuit that during his imprisonment of 21 months between 2013 and 2015, he was subjected to beating and torture and was shot at by authorization by Beblawi. As per human rights organizations, the Abdel Fateh Al Sisi government, under a law sanctioned by Beblawi, arrested thousands of civilians on political grounds, including US citizens like Mustafa Kassem, who succumbed during his imprisonment in January 2020. 7054: 1462:. All Baháʼí community properties, including Baháʼí centers, libraries, and cemeteries, were subsequently confiscated. Baháʼís are also not allowed to hold identity cards, and were thus, among other things, not able to own property, attend university, have a business, obtain birth, marriage and death certificates. In 2001, 18 Egyptian Baháʼís were arrested on "suspicion of insulting religion" and detained several months without being formally charged. 12711: 10926: 2023:

over four years, the Egyptian authorities changed multiple statements in the case. In November 2020, the Italian prosecutors Sergio Colaiocco and Michele Prestipino placed five members of Egypt's security forces under official investigation for their alleged involvement in disappearance and torture of the Regeni. The prosecutors were scheduled to conclude their probe on 4 December 2020, following which they were to request the authority for a

1785:. Quarrying limestone has been determined by national law as a hazardous activity. Efforts to reduce child labor have increased. For example, from April 1, 2016, to April 30, 2018, the International Labor Organization embarked on a project combating child labor in Egypt. In 2018, the Ministry of Social Solidarity provided financial aid to over 1.6 million people to help fund childhood education in order to decrease the amount of child labor. 123: 208: 2046:

al-Showeikh, as well as his father, Gamal, 65, and sister, Salsbeel, 18, in a raid on their home. However, the authorities later released father and sister. Earlier, on April 16, posted on her now-deleted Facebook post that her son, who had been involved in a quarrel on April 6 with a fellow prisoner inside prison, was with the assistance of guards and several other security men tied, beaten and sexually assaulted in several ways.

1984:. Kassem was arrested for having alleged links with the opposition party, but he insisted that he was wrongfully imprisoned. In September 2018, he was sentenced for 15 years in prison. He was kept in a high security prison where his medical conditions (diabetes & heart ailment) were left untreated. He was on hunger strike to protest against his unjust imprisonment and on 13 January 2020, he died in the prison while protesting. 524: 3730: 35: 12721: 1699:, "he issue came to prominence...when the CNN television news channel broadcast a programme featuring a young girl being circumcised by a barber in Cairo. ...Shocked at the images shown worldwide, the Egyptian president was forced to agree to push legislation through the People's Assembly to ban the operation". Despite the ban, the procedure continues to be practiced in Egypt and remains controversial. In 2006, 12731: 4406: 1027:. The ruling accused the defendants of posting indecent videos and violating public morals. The arrests highlighted a social divide in a deeply conservative country over what constitutes individual freedoms and social norms. It was the first sentence issued by a court against female social media influencers in Egypt, after a series of arrests that mostly targeted women who were popular on TikTok. 2050:

detainees in Egyptian prisons are not provided with basic hygiene items like soap and medicines, they have to rely on their families for these things. But there are several political prisoners who have been denied family visits by the Egyptian authorities. Over the years, detainees have also complained about poor or inadequate levels of food, as well as the absence of the prison doctor.

1913:, cites instances of torture of detainees in Egyptian prisons and describes the deaths while in custody of 9 individuals as, "regrettable violations of the right to life." The report called for "an end to state of emergency, which has been in force since 1981, saying it provided a loophole by which the authorities prevent some Egyptians enjoying their right to personal security." 2034:, imprisoned for participation in anti-government demonstrations. Douma has been subjected to torture inside the prison, prolonged solitary confinement, enforced disappearance, and inadequate health care provision. The non-profit rights group has claimed that the activist is targeted due to political activism and the outspoken criticism of the Egyptian government. 4398: 851:. Egyptian authorities requested the Spanish government of extraditing Mohamed Ali on charges of tax evasion and money laundering committed back in his home country. On 9 July 2020, Mohamed Ali appeared in a preliminary hearing in front of the Spanish judge where he was given 45 days' notice to bring up a case on why he should not be sent back to Egypt. 2096:

2022. Egypt uses sexual violence as a method to intimidate, punish, and repress the people. In many cases, the detainees were exploited by the authorities for personal gratification and projecting power, while in other instances, it was used as a measure to punish. Children as young as 12 have been subjected to sexual violence in the Egyptian prisons.

614:, a "pro-government coalition" won an "overwhelming majority of seats" in Egypt's parliament. However, "domestic and international organizations" expressed concern that "government limitations on association, assembly, and expression severely constrained broad participation in the political process," according to the U.S. Department of State. A 5725: 1803:. Until recently, the government denied that homosexuality existed in Egypt, but recently official crackdowns have occurred for reasons felt to include the desire to appease Islamic clerics, to distract from economic issues, or as a cover-up for closet homosexuals in high places. In 2002, 52 men were rounded up on the 2106:, after his family raised concerns since their last visit. His family visited him on 17 November and claimed that his physical and mental state were in a bad shape since starting a water strike on 6 November. The strike was followed by Alaa being restrained by the security forces, intravenous feeding and self-harm. 1807:, a floating nightclub, by police, where they were beaten and tortured. Eventually, 29 were acquitted and 23 were convicted for "debauchery and defaming Islam" and sentenced for up to five years in prison with hard labor. Since the trial was held in a state security court, no appeal was allowed. A spokesman for the 806:, Ms. Daoud was fired from her job at the local private channel just a few weeks after a pro-Sisi businessman bought it. In August 2018, the Egyptian government put television host Mohamed al-Ghiety on trial for interviewing an anonymous gay man. He was later jailed, fined and sentenced to a year of hard labor. 3508: 3584: 2095:

A combined report by The Freedom Initiative and Egyptian Front for Human Rights – based on the interviews with former detainees, their family, lawyers and subject matter interest – documented 655 instances of sexual violence in Egyptian prisons against detainees and their loved ones, between 2015 and

2070:

for his human rights work abroad. Egyptian prison authorities denied his multiple requests to see a doctor, as well as the medication and medical equipment he required for his multiple health conditions. Due to his deteriorating health, around 19 human rights organizations called on the US government

2022:

was abducted by Egyptian security forces in February 2016, over the suspicion of being an Italian spy. His body was found after nine days, alongside the Cairo-Alexandria highway, which was disfigured and burnt. Many of the bones were broken and his initials were carved on the skin. During a period of

1848:

According to a report in the Egyptian press, "the government accuses human rights groups of importing a Western agenda that offends local religious and cultural values. Rights groups deny this claim, but independent critics argue that it's not void of some truth. Citing the failure of these groups to

1770:

in Egypt stated that "children in Egypt are engaged in child labor, including in agriculture and domestic service" and that "the Government has not addressed gaps in its legal and enforcement framework to protect children". Statistics in the report show that 6.7% of Egyptian children aged 5 to 14 are

1726:

2019 report, 69 Egyptian women were imprisoned because of peaceful demonstrations in 2018. The detainees were subjected to enforced disappearance, imprisonment, humiliation, and harassment inside the detention centres. They were not provided with food and medicine in a proper way and were not allowed

1473:

has recently sued the Egyptian government to change his religion from Islam to Christianity on his official ID card. Earlier this year, Egyptian courts rejected an attempt by a group of Christians who had previously converted to Islam but then returned to Christianity and then sought to restore their

1147:

urged the member states in a resolution issued in December 2020, to impose sanctions on Egypt for its actions against the human rights defenders, particularly of the EIPR. The international backlash against Egypt mounted after three activists from the EIPR were arrested. They were later released, but

1109:

On 22 September 2020, Amnesty International raised concerns regarding the ongoing arbitrary detention of journalist and human rights defender, Esraa Abdelfattah. Esraa was arrested by security forces on 12 October 2019 and accused of "joining a terrorist organization" and "participating in a criminal

1101:

newspaper namely, Hany Greisha and El-Sayed Shehta, for allegedly spreading false news. Greisha was arrested on 26 August 2020 and charged with the misuse of social media, spreading false news, and maintaining connections with The Muslim Brotherhood, an alleged terrorist organization. He was detained

685:

Significant human rights issues included: unlawful or arbitrary killings, including extrajudicial killings by the government or its agents and terrorist groups; forced disappearance; torture; arbitrary detention; harsh and life-threatening prison conditions; political prisoners; arbitrary or unlawful

593:

is "one of its worst ... in many decades", and that "tens of thousands of government critics, including journalists, peaceful activists, and human rights defenders, remain imprisoned on abusive 'terrorism' charges, many in lengthy pretrial detention." International human rights organizations, such as

2312:

In September 2021, Trump's successor, Joe Biden, announced it would withhold $ 130 million of the $ 300 million Egypt receives annually in conditioned military aid, and condition the other $ 170 million to "certain functions, such as counterterrorism, border security and non-proliferation". The move

2256:

on Human Rights Defenders, between May 2020 and August 2022, Egypt received the most communications from UN Human Rights office about enforced disappearances than any other country in the world. Enforced disappearance became a systematic and continuous policy used by Egyptian authorities to suppress

2212:

On 22 October 2020, Human Rights Watch reported that Egyptian authorities had executed 49 people between 3 October to 13 October 2020. According to the report, 15 men were executed for their alleged involvement in cases of political violence, while 32 other men and 2 women were convicted in criminal

2091:

condemned the Egyptian authorities for opening investigations against nine detainees who appeared in the leaked videos and three others, including a 15-year-old child, instead of investigating the policemen responsible for the ill-treatment of detainees. The organization also documented that torture

2057:

On 8 January 2022, authorities in Egypt released Ramy Shaath after more than two years in pre-trial detention. The Egyptian-Palestinian activist was forced to renounce his Egyptian citizenship to gain his freedom. He described the network of overcrowded Egyptian prisons as "lacking respect for human

1738:

In June 2021, Egypt ordered a 10-year sentence to Haneen Hossam and Mawada al-Adham, social media celebrities, for "undermining family values and principles" by publishing "indecent" videos. Since 2020, at least 10 other female social media influencers have been arrested and sentenced to hefty fines

1734:

interviewed several Egyptian women who revealed to have been sexual abused by government officials when they were either arrested for speaking out or had gone to the authorities to report a crime. The women claimed that they were sexually abused during routine searches by the police or prison guards

1394:

Only Islam, Christianity and Judaism are recognized as official religions by the government so that minority religions such as "Baha`is and nonbelievers face discriminatory obstacles in obtaining IDs and vital documents, such as marriage and death certificates." Christians, who make up around 10% of

1323:

Human Rights Watch published a report in March 2023 revealing that the Egyptian authorities were refusing to provide critics living abroad with their identity documents, including passports, birth certificates, and ID cards. The report said that the authorities' goal appeared to disrupt the lives of

1319:

In January 2023, Egypt arrested five social media content creators for publishing a comic sketch about a visit to an Egyptian jail. The video clip titled "The Visit" was published on 13 January 2023, and was widely viewed on social media. Mokhtar Mounir, a lawyer for two of those arrested, said they

1288:

concluded that Egyptian authorities were complicit in the crackdown on the factory workers who were demanding job security and higher pay through a peaceful strike. Nearly 2,000 employees of an Egyptian manufacturer, LORD International, went on a strike between July 26 and August 1. Amnesty revealed

1113:

On 3 November 2020, Amnesty International raised voice against the ongoing arbitrary detention of journalist Solafa Magdy concerning her deteriorating health. Solafa Magdy was detained since 26 November 2019 as part of her participation in the March 2019 anti-government protests with her husband and

1003:

and journalists, who complained about lack of hospital protective gears and criticized the state's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Egyptian authorities also arrested doctors who reported COVID-19 cases without authorization. Doctors recounted threats delivered via WhatsApp, official letters or in

2065:

Salah Soltan, who has been subjected to enforced disappearance since June 2020, was held incommunicado and had experienced several medical emergencies. During his detention, he was frequently moved between cells, deliberately starved, and was subjected to torture. Salah's mistreatment was allegedly

2053:

In 2021, between July and August, two political prisoners attempted suicide inside the Tora Prison. Abdulrahman Tariq was arrested in 2013 and was sentenced to three years in prison and three years of parole. He was rearrested in September 2019 on accusations of joining a terror group and financing

1901:

in 2011, 701 cases of torture at Egyptian police stations have been documented since 1985, with 204 victims dying of torture and mistreatment. The group contends that crimes of torture occur in Egyptian streets in broad daylight, at police checkpoints, and in people's homes in flagrant violation of

1869:

has been deteriorating rapidly since the 1970s. After 1948 they were allowed rights similar to Egyptian nationals, and in 1963 they were allowed to own agricultural land, nor did they have to acquire work visas. In 1964 the government decreed that Palestinian refugees had to obtain an exit visa, an

1641:

In May 2021 a 15-year-old South Sudanese boy and his relatives were kidnapped, assaulted and abused by racists. The victims were physically and sexually assaulted at the roof for three hours, and one of the relatives' hair was forcibly shaved. One of the victims; a 16-year-old girl, noted that they

1175:

expressing deep concern about the trajectory of human rights in Egypt. The statement highlighted "restrictions on freedom of expression and the right to peaceful assembly, the constrained space for civil society and political opposition, and the application of terrorism legislation against peaceful

2141:

post. No public records exist of the number of prisoners stuck in the pretrial detention system in Egypt. As per the reports, many detainees were locked for long stretches in cells that lack bedding, or toilets and were denied warm clothes in winter, and medical treatment, no matter how sick. More

2129:

Among the Egyptians arrested in the same crackdown as Salem were "a politician mulling running against Mr. el-Sisi; ... two women on a Cairo subway overheard complaining about rising fares; ... a young conscript who posted a Facebook meme of Mr. el-Sisi wearing Mickey Mouse ears. ... a 14-year-old

1629:

Racism and specifically anti-blackness is a pervasive issue in Egypt. In October 2005, Egyptian state police opened fire on Sudanese refugees camping outside the UNHCR office in protest of their neglect and conditions in the country, killing 134 and wounding over 400. They were predominantly women

1465:

On 6 April 2006, the Administrative Court ruled in favour of recognising the right of Egyptian Baháʼís to have their religion acknowledged on official documents." However, on 15 May 2006, after a government appeal, the ruling was suspended by the Supreme Administrative Court. On December 16, 2006,

2084:

had been torturing and inflicting violence on the detainees with near total impunity. Revealing the extent of human rights abuse in the Egyptian prisons, one of the videos showed two detainees hung in stress positions. In another video, inmates lined up in an overcrowded cell to display injuries,

2014:

On 4 November 2020, Amnesty International called on the Egyptian authorities to immediately release all Sudanese migrants and refugees detained for protesting against the killing of a Sudanese child in Cairo on 29 October. The rights group also called on Egypt to investigate the beating and other

1844:

also helped HRW to launch the report. A spokesman for Human Rights Watch stated, "when we talk about the situation of homosexuals in Egypt, we don't describe the Queen Boat Case, but we describe a continuing practice of arresting and torturing gay men." A Cairo court sentenced 21 men to prison in

1615:

In April 2010, a bipartisan group of 17 members of the U.S. Congress expressed concern to the State Department's Trafficking in Persons Office about Coptic women who faced "physical and sexual violence, captivity ... exploitation in forced domestic servitude or commercial sexual exploitation, and

1297:

In March 2022, two Egyptian singers, Hamo Beeka and Omar Kamal, were sentence to two years in prison and fines by the Alexandria Economic Court. They were convicted on vague charges of "violating family values in Egyptian society and profiting from a video including dancing and singing". The fine

1213:

platforms that caused unauthorized protests, was offered Italian citizenship by their government via a senate voting. The decision was largely supported by a senate majority of 208 to 0 to get the 27-year-old researcher released sooner. Reportedly, Zaki has been detained for more than 2 years and

708:

released a report titled "Disconnected from Reality: Egypt's National Human Rights Strategy covers up human rights crisis". The report presents a detailed analysis of Egypt's National Human Rights Strategy (NHRS) in light of the human rights situation on the ground, revealing how authorities have

694:

insurgency, "Egyptian authorities showed utter disregard for the rule of law. Since April 2017, President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi ha maintained a nation-wide state of emergency that security forces unchecked powers." Since then, the state of emergency has been officially lifted, as of October 2021.

2037:

In May 2021, the Egyptian border guards at Sinai coast detained 2 transgender Israelis because they appeared to be males while their passports defined them as females. The two tourists came for a holiday at Ras el-Satan, instead they became victims of Egypt's conservative mentality that does not

1703:

lecturers Dr. Muhammad Wahdan and Dr. Malika Zarrar debated the topic in a televised debate. Dr. Zarrar, who objected to the procedure, said..."Circumcision is always brutal...I consider this to be a crime, in terms of both religious and civil law". Dr. Wahdan defended the partial removal of the

1530:

to Cairo with seven of his family members after his father, who runs a stationery shop in al-Arish, had received many threats over the past two years, and his photo had been published on Facebook pages alongside a message inciting violence against Coptic Christians and demanding that they had to

1407:

issued a decree making repairs of all places of worship subject to a 1976 civil construction code, in practice Christians report difficulty obtaining permits. Once permits have been obtained, Christians report being prevented from performing repairs or building by local authorities. However, new

934:

remains in arbitrary detention at the Tora prison, since September 2019. The report revealed that Sanaa was taken to the office of the Supreme State Security Prosecution in Cairo, where the prosecutors questioned her over the charges of "disseminating false news", "inciting terrorist crimes" and

860:

denounced the lifting of state of emergency in Egypt, saying it does not consider it to be a meaningful step. The rights organization highlighted the ongoing trials of a number of arbitrarily detained activists, human rights defenders, journalists, opposition politicians and peaceful protesters,

716:

released a report stating that the Egyptian authorities refused to provide identity documents, such as passports, national IDs and birth certificates, to critics living abroad. The organization claimed that Egypt probably attempted to disrupt the lives of the dissidents by forcing them to choose

2224:

reported that the Egyptian authorities had executed 57 men and women between the months of October and November, in a “horrifying execution spree”. The number of executions in the last two months were nearly double the number recorded in the whole of 2019. According to the human rights advocacy

2125:

Ph.D. student) Waleed K. Salem who was arrested in Cairo in 2018 while researching the Egyptian judiciary and held for over six months. Salem was never tried or formally charged with a crime, instead he was held in pretrial detention, and "every time he maxed out the legal detention period, a

1332:

According to Salah Sallam, ("a former member of Egypt’s government-appointed" Human Rights association), it is against the law to call "someone who’s conspired against the state a political prisoner,” making it effectively against the law to protest the arrest of such a person by calling them a

1315:

The repercussions of anti-government protests held in 2019 haven't settled in Egypt yet, therefore, the government announced the sentencing of 82 people in January 2023. There were 38 people sentenced for life, which included Mohammad Ali. Meanwhile, 44 others were given prison term for 5 to 15

693:

complained that an "unfair referendum" by authorities in 2019 added amendments to the constitution consolidating "authoritarian rule, undermin the judiciary's dwindling independence, and expand the military's power to intervene in political life." Using the excuse of fighting the terrorist ISIS

3708:

As stated by Amnesty International, the Egyptian authorities are pursuing serious assaults on Egypt's embattled human rights movement. Instead of responding to calls to close the decade long Case 173 and lift arbitrary travel bans imposed on innocent people, the country's courts are repeatedly

2049:

In August 2021, several human rights organisations in Egypt reported that the Gamasa Prison's security authorities forced the wives and children of detainees to walk without shoes over sand in the blazing heat in order to meet their families, leading to young girls witnessing heat strokes. The

5733: 2328:

in Egypt. This secret military cooperation exercise between the two countries was called 'Operation Sirli', which was launched in 2016 in the name of the fight against terrorism. However, the original mission was diverted and information from the mission was used by al-Sisi's regime to commit

2045:

called on the Egyptian authorities to unconditionally release Hoda Abdel Hamid, who had been held captive for complaining about her son's treatment inside prison. The case dates back to April 26, when Police and National Security Agency officers arrested, mother of Abdelrahman Gamal Metwally

1837: 2278:(FT) warned "Western leaders should think hard before taking their rapprochement with the field marshal further." Other critics include Luigi Manconi, former president of the human rights commission in the Italian Senate, journalist and author Jack Shenker, Egyptian journalist and blogger 839:

In late 2017, the Egyptian police cracked down on the selling of a toy dubbed 'Sisi's testicles' or 'Sisi's pendulum', used by children to mock the president. The police "arrested 41 clacker sellers and seized 1,403 pairs of the 'offensive' toy," according to local daily al-Masry al-Youm.

618:

also extended presidential terms from four to six years and permitted the current incumbent president to run for a third and final term (without otherwise tampering with the presidential two-term limit), thus hypothetically allowing him to remain president until 2030 if he were to win the

2085:

which they say were inflicted by police officials and investigators. In February, the Egyptian authorities filmed confessions of the detainees in visibly coercive circumstances, where they admitted to staging the leaked videos. These videos were shared by pro-government media accounts.

8684: 1877:

enacted a law banning Palestinian children from attending public schools. He enacted Law 48, banning Palestinian workers from employment in the public sector. Palestinians came under surveillance by Egyptian security services after the 1978 assassination Egyptian Minister of Culture

1402:

and the government. Christians have found the building and repair of churches, however, to be problematic. Government regulations dating from Ottoman times require non-Muslims to obtain presidential decrees before building or repair a place of worship. Although in 1999 President

929:

from outside the Public Prosecutor's office in New Cairo. She reportedly visited the office to file a complaint against a violent assault, which she and her family suffered outside the Tora Prison Complex the previous day. Sanaa Seif's brother and a famous human rights activist,

1542:

in the 103 million population of Egypt. The Christian society in Egypt is considered as second-class citizens in the African nation, which adds to the environment of discrimination against them, making them vulnerable to attacks and pressure of all sorts. As per a report by the

1198:'s administration affirmed in early April 2021 that the former Egyptian PM and IMF representative Hazem el-Beblawi benefited diplomatic immunity from the federal lawsuit filed against him by Mohamed Soltan in 2020 holding Hazem accountable for torturing him in prison. Soltan, a 3791:

The 1982 report covers the year 1981 and the first half of 1982, and the following 1984 report covers the second half of 1982 and the whole of 1983. In the interest of simplicity, these two aberrant "year and a half" reports have been split into three year-long reports through

3565: 1845:

2003 after it found them guilty of "habitual debauchery", in a case named after the nightclub they were arrested in, the Queen Boat. He also pointed out that, under the pretext of medical exams, the Forensic Medical Authority contributed to the torture of the defendants."

3527: 2156:

Since 2015 at least 1,700 people have been reported to have disappeared. Most of the victims were abducted from the streets or from their homes and were forcibly isolated from both family and legal aid. Police forces have carried out multiple extrajudicial executions.

4702: 1306:

fee to suspend the prison sentences. They were reportedly charged because of a music video, in which the two men sang and danced along with a Brazilian belly dancer. Rights organizations condemned that the charges violated the right to free speech of the two singers.

598:

in Egypt. Other complaints made (by Human Rights Watch) are of authorities harassing and detaining "relatives of dissidents abroad" and use of "vague 'morality' charges to prosecute LGBT people, female social media influencers, and survivors of sexual violence." The

1127:

described the arrests as a "chilling escalation" of the government's crackdown. Other human rights groups said that dozens of activists have been targeted with arrests, travel bans, and asset freezes, under President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi. On 27 November 2020, the

1289:

that the Egyptian Ministry of Manpower failed to provide any solution to workers who faced reprisals for taking part in the strike. Moreover, the official complaints of the workers were dismissed and pressure was put on them to end their “illegal strike”.

3413: 1645:

Racism and anti-blackness is also prominent in Egyptian media; Depictions of blackface, cultural appropriation and other insults are commonplace in film, TV-shows and ads. Dunkin Donuts came under fire for their advertisement which was extremely racist.

1485:

In October 2012, a number of legal cases against Egyptians, particularly Christians, were filed because the defendants allegedly showed contempt for Islam. The large number of Islamists on the panel to draft the Egyptian constitution after the fall of

1502:

Nour, and other Islamic groups in the Egyptian elections, and have been bolder in imposing their standards on other Egyptians. In one example, an Egyptian teacher cut the hair of two 12-year-old students because they didn't wear a Muslim headscarf.

3546: 1518:. Between 30 January and 23 February, seven Coptic Christians were murdered there. Before the last attack in February, a Sinai armed group of ISIS broadcast a video message threatening the lives of Copts and claiming responsibility for bombing of a 1268:

On 15 November 2021, 14 human rights groups reported that the Egyptian authorities forcibly disappeared Salah Soltan in June 2020, as a result of his son's human rights activism. Soltan is the father of a prominent US-based human rights activist,

1920:

report, the Council asked government departments to respond to complaints, but "The Interior Ministry, which runs the police force and the prisons, ...answered three out of 75 torture allegations." The council also recommended that President

10093: 8680: 1961:

and the rights group Belady, grave abuse against 20 children aged between 12 and 17 at the time of arrest have been committed. The report states that out of 20 children, 15 were tortured in pre-trial detention at the time of interrogation.

4582: 1225:

shunned Egyptian authorities over its crackdown on freedom of expression. The rights group said that the nation on one hand supports Gaza, while on the other has held hostage a man for raising the Palestinian flag in solidarity with them.

1623:, between 2011 and March 2014, around 550 Coptic girls have been kidnapped, and forced to converted to Islam. According to the same survey, around 40% of the girls were raped prior to their conversion to Islam and married their captors. 1666:, which were about the "harassment and racist treatment by Egyptians, a lack of protection, resettlement delays". The refugees also took part in a demonstration at the Sudanese embassy in Cairo, where they expressed solidarity with the 7632: 3679: 1106:(CPJ) demanded the immediate release of the journalists due to coronavirus pandemic. Authorities in charge of the police and prison system did not respond to CPJ's email asking for comment and the reason for arresting the journalists. 861:

where the proceedings are majorly fundamentally unfair. Amnesty said that Egypt must immediately and unconditionally release all those facing trials for peacefully exercising their rights, in order to make their decision meaningful.

827:

has documented at least 13 cases in which probation measures were excessive or were arbitrarily imposed against activists. In some cases, activists are detained for a second time as a probation ways. Amnesty International called the

709:

used it as a propaganda tool to cover up unrelenting repression of any form of dissent. The five-year strategy was drafted by the government without any consultation with independent human rights organizations or public engagement.

3470: 1637:

In September 2021 a pregnant Sudanese refugee collapsed at the gates of the UNHCR in 6 October city. Her and her child later died due to intentional medical neglect. According to witnesses, Taghreed was neglected by the UNHCR

8407: 7862: 1408:

legislation was passed in September 2016 that now grants permits to churches for rebuilding regardless of the number of Christians in the neighborhood, a law that has been applauded by various Christian Members of Parliament.

6100: 4694: 3660: 9168:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 12. Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. New York, 15 December 1989" 3641: 1824:. The report stated that "The detention and torture of hundreds of men reveals the fragility of legal protections for individual privacy and due process for all Egyptians." Egyptian human rights organizations including the 5929: 2142:

than a thousand people have died in Egyptian custody, owing to treatment that rights groups say amounts to deadly negligence. As of July 2022, human rights groups estimated that Egypt held some 60,000 political prisoners.

1110:

agreement intended to commit a terrorist crime from inside prison". On 30 August 2020, Esraa Abdelfattah was brought in front of the Supreme State Security Prosecution (SSSP) to face questioning over the investigations.

10881: 3432: 9284:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11c. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. New York, 25 May 2000" 5456: 5246: 3394: 9429:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11d. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure . New York, 19 December 2011. New York, 10 December 2008" 2010:

of "recycling" judicial cases against dissidents to extend their periods of detention. The "recycling" of cases is when a prosecutor accuses a person of a new case, who had already been released for a previous case.

762:"Once again, I was told, Egyptians are starting to look over their shoulder to see who might be listening, to be careful what they say on the phone, to begin considering all over again who they can and cannot trust." 8603: 953:

in an attempt to pressure him into dropping the lawsuit against former Prime Minister of Egypt. In early June 2020, Soltan filed a lawsuit under the US' Torture Victim's Protection Act against Former Prime Minister

4882: 4169: 3337: 4552: 1034:

and other political prisoners. She has been held in pre-trial detention in Cairo since June. Seif is a film editor, who worked on the highly acclaimed documentary The Square. She is the sister of jailed activist

2225:

group, 15 men were executed for causing political violence, while 38 other men were executed under ordinary criminal charges, whereas 2 men were also put to death in October and November month for rape charges.

8069: 6290: 10002: 6529: 3622: 7806: 10891: 4347: 646:

ranked Egypt as "Not Free" in its annual Freedom in the World report. It gave Egypt a "Political Rights" score of 6/40 and a "Civil Liberties" score of 12/60, with a total score of 18/100. The same year,

9197:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 13. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families. New York, 18 December 1990" 1333:

political prisoner. Nonetheless, it was common in "prison and court", for "guards and judges openly refer to detainees not linked to violence as 'political', according to "former detainees and lawyers".

7922: 2217:, which is considered the safest prison in the country. Egyptian authorities alleged that the prisoners were trying to escape. HRW called on the Egyptian authorities to immediately halt the executions. 9255:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11b. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. New York, 25 May 2000" 1136:. Three were arrested few days after the meeting with 13 foreign ambassadors and diplomats on 3 November 2020, over the charges of terrorism and public security, while EIPR's gender rights researcher, 8630: 7754: 6159: 7952: 6554: 4912: 3451: 8012: 4436: 1612:

and the anguish felt by the young women because returning to Christianity is against the law. Further allegations of organised abduction of Copts, trafficking and police collusion continue in 2017.

1102:

for 15 days, according to reports. The second detainee, El-Sayed Shehta, who was arrested on 30 August 2020 from his hometown, was tested COVID-19 positive and quarantining at his home at the time.

6474: 4612: 4574: 9023:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 6. Convention on the non-applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes and crimes against humanity. New York, 26 November 1968" 5607: 6923: 6129: 4792: 1281:. The prison authorities deprived him of access to proper medical care and basic hygiene necessities. Egyptian authorities also carried out reprisals against other members of the Soltan family. 4942: 8747: 7624: 2092:

and other ill-treatment are routinely used in Egypt, which include electric shocks, suspension by the limbs, indefinite solitary confinement in inhumane conditions, sexual abuse and beatings.

2027:

of the Egyptian security officials. On 2 December 2020, Egyptian authorities stated that they were temporarily closing the investigation into the 2016 murder of Italian student Giulio Regeni.

1938:, in which new prisoners are physically and psychologically abused while crawling between two lines of policemen, is a torture technique used in Egyptian prisons. In September 2019 during the 9452: 9226:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 8b. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 6 October 1999" 7481: 5637: 5396: 1829: 8291: 8153: 6261: 3880: 2337:, with a plane equipped with surveillance cameras and phone communications interception equipment, called ALSR aircraft. Along with the aircraft, France had disposed a team of men in Egypt. 2313:

has been described as staking out "a middle path" between a harder stance against human rights violations and support for Sisi's "committed, albeit ruthless" opposition to "militant Islam".

1522:

church in December 2016 that killed at least 25 people. Due to the latest attacks in Egypt, at least 150 Coptic Christian families have fled al-Arish, seeking shelter in the neighborhood of

8191: 10465: 6387: 4732: 3316: 1344:

in custody "hit international headlines", Hadhoud presumed to "have been tortured to death by state security", who did not bother notifying his family until over a month after his death.

5002: 4762: 7392: 6331: 8377: 7602: 1597:

On May 19, 2016, a prominent Coptic worker for Amnesty International, Mina Thabet, was arrested for 'inciting terrorist attacks on police stations, despite reports of paltry evidence.

10886: 10512: 10508: 9908: 8399: 7854: 7456: 7324: 5128: 2240:. Egypt executed at least 107 people in 2020 following grossly unfair trials and forced confessions as lawyers couldn't meet their clients or conduct proper investigations due to the 9341: 9254: 6994: 6092: 9428: 9400:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3a. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 10 December 2008" 9283: 9110:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 9. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. New York, 10 December 1984" 8131: 7832: 4461: 3817: 735:

The Press Law, Publications Law, and the penal code of Egypt regulate and govern the press. According to these, criticism of the president can be punished by fines or imprisonment.

9399: 9371:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 16. International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. New York, 20 December 2006" 9225: 8520: 5846: 5306: 9370: 9312: 9196: 9167: 9138: 9109: 9080: 9051: 9022: 8993: 8964: 8935: 8906: 8877: 6437: 2071:

to press Egypt to end the extrajudicial punishment of Salah Soltan, so that he could receive medical attention. They also called for the US to investigate the claims of torture.

7662: 4852: 12550: 10504: 5448: 3356: 1114:

2 other journalists. On 30 August 2020, the Supreme State Security Prosecution (SSSP) interrogated Solafa Magdy, on new unfounded charges including joining a terrorist group.

578: 6954: 5238: 4822: 819:. They have been imposed extreme conditions in some cases, where activists released from prison forced to spend up to 12 hours a day in a police station. Police probation in 11583: 9342:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15a. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006" 2265:

Several organizations and individuals have complained about the lack of criticism of Egypt's human rights situation by the international community. In its World Report 2019

1583:

in part cites economic resentment as the cause, but discusses Muslims who condemned the action. A Coptic organization saw it as a sign of official discrimination. In 2005 a

8599: 977:

who criticized or spoke against the Egyptian government. The victims stated that the country has been silencing them by harassing and threatening their relatives living in

10364: 7033: 5793: 4874: 4161: 809:

According to human rights organizations, Egyptian authorities have banned over 500 people, most of which are activists, from travel at Egyptian airports since July 2013.

10495: 9052:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: : 7. International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. New York, 30 November 1973" 8994:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 5. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966" 8907:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 2. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. New York, 7 March 1966" 4544: 1995:

outbreak in recent weeks in many Egyptian prisons. As a result, at least 14 prisoners and detainees died from the likely COVID-19 complications. On August 24, 2020, the

1825: 1655:

Mortada Mansour, a prominent lawyer and a Sisi loyalist, during a TV interview in 2016 publicly made racist insults towards Ahmed El Merghany, a Nubian football player.

9524: 4492: 11578: 11573: 9081:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 8. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 18 December 1979" 8065: 6298: 610:, el-Sisi won 97% of the vote after "all credible challengers withdrew, citing personal decisions, political pressure, legal troubles, and unfair competition." In the 2003:. The detained activists did not get chance to report their health conditions, or to individually contest the charges they faced under national security legislation. 10491: 10482: 10473: 9609: 5187: 9472: 7780: 7512: 7802: 6617: 4522: 1999:

rights experts also raised concern over severe risk faced by imprisoned Egyptian human rights defenders due to lengthy and unnecessary pre-trial detention, during

581:. However, the state of human rights in the country has been criticized both in the past and the present, especially by foreign human rights organisations such as 6646: 5551: 4351: 1183:

was sentenced to 18 months in prison for "spreading false news". Instead of getting justice for an assault she faced along with her mother and sister outside the

10469: 8437: 5933: 5667: 4140: 4064: 1969:

accused Egyptian authorities of holding thousands of people in pre-trial detention without a pretence of judicial review because of closure of courts amidst the

8043: 6705: 5581: 3913: 10083: 9705: 7914: 7892: 7421: 5336: 3944: 5426: 5366: 1474:

original religion on their ID cards. The case is currently before an appeals court. The most recent violations of human rights towards Christians include the

888:

rights group said that el-Elaimy was unlawfully charged for speaking publicly about politically motivated imprisonment, enforced disappearance and torture in

9786: 8878:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 1. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Paris, 9 December 1948" 8626: 8265: 7750: 7354: 6151: 5815: 5032: 4672: 4224: 3603: 1773: 9453:

https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/07/egypt-crackdown-on-human-rights-defenders-continues-amid-ongoing-foreign-funding-investigation/%7Ctitle=Egypt

7944: 7183: 6550: 4904: 1746:

list has twice included Egyptian women rights defenders for their work combating sexual harassment and gender-based violence in its 2020 and 2022 versions:

1692:

the prevalence of women who have had this procedure has slowly declined from a baseline of 97% of women aged 15–49 since 1995. According to a report in the

1320:

face charges such as "joining a terrorist group, funding terrorism, publishing false news and utilizing social media accounts to commit acts of terrorism".

10439: 10209: 8936:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 16 December 1966" 8004: 7542: 7124: 4428: 3375: 574: 8849: 6458: 4034: 9757: 8551: 4604: 5603: 10036: 8779: 6919: 6121: 4784: 3775:

Note that the "Year" signifies the "Year covered". Therefore, the information for the year marked 2008 is from the report published in 2009, and so on.

2137:

to eliminate opposition to the government, thousands of political prisoners were held without trial for offenses as minor as liking an anti-government

8740: 4934: 880:. He was charged for “spreading false news with an intent to spread panic among the people and for disturbing public peace”, during an interview with 12105: 17: 7477: 5629: 5388: 9313:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006" 8287: 8161: 7241: 7212: 6269: 2289:

but that what he knew was that "Mr. Sisi is doing a great job." Later that year, Trump was overheard referring to Sisi as his "favorite dictator".

6676: 5158: 3872: 11352: 8965:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 4. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966" 8183: 7725: 6976: 6583: 5065: 2279: 2130:

boy arrested in Giza, a 57-year-old woman arrested at her home in Alexandria, and a 20-year-old man arrested at an architecture office in Suez."

1341: 1324:

dissidents, who would be forced to choose between remaining undocumented or coming back to Egypt, where they might face imprisonment or torture.

8814: 8091: 6383: 4724: 773:

voiced concern in August 2012 about freedom of the press in Egypt, following a move by the authorities to put two critics of Egyptian President

4994: 4754: 1670:. Reports revealed that the arrested refugees were subjected to beating and forced physical labour, before they were released without charges. 1494:

has led to concern by non-Muslims and liberals. Rights groups have said that Islamic conservatives have felt emboldened by the success of the

7384: 6323: 6181: 11974: 9602: 8657: 8498: 8369: 8347: 7594: 1751: 1663: 10354: 8154:"March Horrific Harvest: Hundreds of 'Disappeared', Tortured and 177 Extrajudicial Killings - Egyptian Coordination for rights and freedoms" 7446: 5120: 11111: 10194: 10017: 10007: 9666: 9544: 6990: 1889:

Egypt has been accused of practicing apartheid against Palestinian residents by refusing to grant them the opportunity to become citizens.

9432: 9345: 9287: 9258: 8714: 8468: 8121: 7828: 6897: 6062: 4457: 4101: 3809: 11116: 10068: 9938: 9403: 9229: 8524: 8313: 5842: 5298: 2058:

dignity.” His detention, alongside other activists, came amid a crackdown on political dissent, which also targeted critics of President

1841: 1004:

person. As of 15 July 2020, a human rights group documented the arrest of at least six doctors and two pharmacists. Seven members of the

9374: 9316: 9200: 9171: 9142: 5276: 5098: 11600: 11568: 11066: 9661: 9113: 9084: 9055: 9026: 8997: 8968: 8939: 8910: 8881: 6433: 5486: 3973: 1458:, culminating in Law 263 in 1960. Under Law 263, institutions and activities of the Baháʼí Faith were banned by Presidential decree of 8577: 5763: 5702: 4972: 4642: 4305: 12429: 11957: 11439: 11071: 10214: 10078: 7654: 6795: 4844: 1090:

from across the world, also condemned the sentence. The ruling was part of the reprisal against Hassan for promoting human rights in

717:

between effectively falling in the undocumented category or returning to Egypt, where they could possibly be detained and tortured.

573:

under the various articles of Chapter 3. The country is also a party to numerous international human rights treaties, including the

12441: 11832: 10805: 10098: 9769: 9595: 9139:"United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11. Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, 20 November 1989" 7153: 6946: 5955: 4814: 1374: 6040: 3509:

Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty

1538:

have had to fight to practice their religion while building a livelihood in Egypt, for centuries. Today, there is only 15 percent

1418:

to other religions. According to a poll by the PewResearchCenter in 2010, 84 percent of all Egyptian Muslims polled supported the

11876: 11610: 10830: 9964: 8221: 7692: 6765: 5216: 4377: 2286: 1861:

when Israel came into being were issued with Egyptian travel documents which allowed them to move outside of the Gaza Strip, and

1833: 1133: 1118: 615: 553: 7017: 6819: 6361: 6010: 5876: 3585:

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography

1132:

Human Rights experts called the Egyptian authority to drop the charges and release all four human rights activists working with

11153: 11081: 10850: 10131: 9834: 9824: 9732: 7504: 1898: 1008:, a quasi-government body that represents healthcare workers, have also been detained for discussing COVID-19 on social media. 843:

In 2018, Egyptian dissident, Mohamed Ali (currently living in Spain) posted videos of corruption within the Egyptian President

48: 9549: 4279: 133: 12678: 10981: 10962: 9913: 9814: 7982: 5986: 4484: 3489: 2205:

in its May 2019 report accused the Egyptian military and police forces of committing serious abuses against civilians in the

1947: 791: 417: 9540: 5785: 3850: 1957:

According to a 43-page report "'No One Cared He Was A Child': Egyptian Security Forces’ Abuse of Children in Detention", by

12502: 12156: 12100: 12056: 11869: 11543: 11533: 11493: 11091: 11051: 10991: 10555: 9851: 7328: 6840: 2334: 2329:

arbitrary executions and to conduct aerial strikes against civilians, killing several hundred. A Luxembourg-based company,

1568: 1507: 611: 12350: 7572: 6412: 5180: 1506:

The Amnesty International published a report denouncing the silence of the Egyptian Authority on the attacks committed by

1364: 12161: 11901: 11787: 11121: 10986: 9846: 9804: 9464: 7776: 7266: 6501: 6206: 2191: 2030:

Amnesty International pressured the Egyptian authorities in early May 2021 to release the arbitrarily detained activist,

1172: 620: 607: 6609: 4514: 935:"misuse of social media". On 7 September 2020, Amnesty International reported that she was arrested for the third time. 12614: 12545: 12424: 12046: 11923: 11590: 11471: 11398: 11386: 11347: 11096: 11061: 11016: 10012: 9688: 6638: 5543: 1605: 452: 335: 8429: 6727: 5901: 5659: 4124: 4056: 12149: 11678: 11106: 11056: 10996: 10640: 10229: 10047: 9683: 9499: 8035: 7095: 6697: 5573: 3936: 3905: 3758: 2292: 2253: 1906: 698: 678: 170: 62: 9555: 7884: 7413: 5328: 1451: 1370: 12282: 11945: 11668: 11101: 11076: 11046: 11036: 11001: 9979: 9969: 9943: 9693: 6236: 5819: 5418: 5358: 4216: 4030: 1103: 656: 8261: 7362: 6947:"These women crossed paths with the Egyptian justice system. Each said she was sexually abused by the authorities" 5508: 5024: 4664: 4257: 4191: 4003: 823:

requires released prisoners and detainees to spend a certain number of hours at a police station daily or weekly.

12641: 12609: 12362: 12088: 11498: 11218: 11086: 11041: 11021: 11011: 11006: 10845: 10750: 9678: 9644: 9618: 7175: 2269:

stated: "Egypt's international allies continue to support Egypt's government and rarely offer public criticism."

1667: 1399: 1187:, Seif has been accused of making unfounded claims about the handling of COVID-19 outbreaks in Egyptian prisons. 726: 681:'s "2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices" listed the following perceived human rights issues in Egypt: 589:. As of 2022, Human Rights Watch has declared that Egypt's human rights crises under the government of President 320: 8243: 7534: 7304:

Aroub el-Abed, Unprotected: Palestinians in Egypt since 1948 (Washington: Institute for Palestine Studies, 2009)

7116: 1117:

On 19 November 2020, Egypt security forces detained three members of the independent human rights organization,

12755: 12210: 12004: 11967: 11031: 11026: 10521: 9876: 9861: 9809: 6521: 4026: 3566:

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict

3281: 1631: 815:

said Egyptian authorities are increasingly using arbitrary and excessive probation measures as a way to harass

2213:

cases. Reportedly, 13 out of 15 men who were charged for political violence were held and executed in Cairo's

743:

to have an unfree press, although it mentions that the country does have a wide range of sources. As of 2020,

594:

the aforementioned HRW and Amnesty International, have alleged that as of January 2020, there are some 60,000

12497: 12292: 11698: 11223: 11206: 10855: 10269: 9923: 9839: 8547: 5181:"General Debate Item 4:Human Rights Situations that require the Council's attention Joint Statement on Egypt" 3528:

International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

12409: 8772: 7176:"Capacity of Egyptian Government, Workers' and Employers' Organizations Strengthened to Combat Child Labour" 5151:"European Parliament resolution of 18 December 2020 on the deteriorating situation of human rights in Egypt" 1030:

On 4 August 2020, several celebrities wrote a letter to the Egyptian authorities to free prominent activist

603:

has frequently rejected such criticism, denying that any of the prisoners it holds are political prisoners.

12473: 12277: 12245: 12061: 11693: 11563: 11486: 10800: 10765: 10720: 10379: 10369: 10174: 9959: 9829: 9742: 8842: 1414:

also indicates issues of concern. For example, they discuss how the law does not recognize conversion from

754:

there was hope for greater freedom of speech in Egypt. However, as of February 2012, television journalist

6668: 1662:

and asylum seekers. They were targeted for their involvement in protests at the Cairo headquarters of the

12724: 12636: 12478: 12220: 12110: 11933: 11728: 11595: 11538: 11434: 11309: 10690: 10685: 10580: 10384: 10274: 10204: 1491: 795: 783:, a small independent newspaper, and the Al-Faraeen channel, both of which have criticized Morsi and the 546: 507: 8400:"Death penalty 2020: Despite Covid-19, some countries ruthlessly pursued death sentences and executions" 7233: 7204: 6862: 6409:"Egypt: Situation of Coptic Christians, including treatment; state protection available (2014-May 2015)" 6185: 5449:"Egyptian court sentences 82, including 22 children, for participating in 2019 anti-government protests" 1253:, and independent groups. The signatories said that they are worried about the con-current situation in 12760: 12631: 12436: 12333: 12316: 12299: 12240: 12066: 12021: 11952: 11891: 11864: 11508: 11367: 11146: 10810: 10785: 10700: 10680: 10630: 10600: 10590: 10444: 10329: 10314: 10299: 10254: 10189: 10124: 9997: 6551:"Egyptian Police Arrest 4 Accused of Kidnapping, Assaulting 3 South Sudanese Minors | Egyptian Streets" 5150: 3753: 2176: 1716: 1659: 1039:, who was one of the leading voices during the 2011 uprising that led to the ousting of then-president 1005: 989: 959: 943: 900: 627: 472: 145: 97: 54: 9535: 7714: 6575: 6093:"Egypt: Government must protect Coptic Christians targeted in string of deadly attacks in North Sinai" 5054: 3414:

Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity

12597: 12540: 12507: 12272: 12182: 12144: 12139: 12127: 12026: 11718: 11688: 11673: 11425: 10955: 10896: 10775: 10770: 10650: 10319: 9871: 8807: 8681:"Facing pressure on human rights, Biden administration attaches new conditions to Egypt security aid" 8099: 5239:"Biden administration upholds former Egyptian leader's immunity from torture lawsuit by U.S. citizen" 3999: 3873:"My brother is one of Egypt's 60,000 political prisoners – and Trump is happy to let him rot in jail" 1685: 1137: 908: 744: 648: 285: 236: 88: 12673: 12653: 12461: 12287: 12083: 12071: 11908: 11886: 11553: 11503: 11444: 11403: 11279: 11274: 11240: 11201: 10840: 10790: 10745: 10725: 10715: 10615: 10572: 10548: 10419: 10394: 10244: 10239: 10219: 10184: 10169: 3547:

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

2195: 2122: 1935: 1763: 1316:

years. The sentencing included 22 children for participating in the 2019 anti-government protests.

1262: 467: 295: 8653: 8490: 8339: 6669:""They Call Us Black and Filthy": Sudanese Refugees in Egypt, Trapped Between Racism and Violence" 2080:

reported on the basis of leaked videos that Egyptian officers at al-Salam First police station in

988:

authorities arrested 10 doctors and six journalists to stifle criticism about the handling of the

12582: 12205: 11940: 11792: 11765: 11750: 11745: 11481: 11381: 10815: 10730: 10710: 10595: 10585: 10404: 10374: 10359: 10344: 10334: 10324: 10289: 10284: 10234: 10179: 10154: 9898: 9819: 9722: 9634: 9569: 5756:"Essential Background: Overview of human rights issues in Egypt (Human Rights Watch, 31-12-2004)" 3070: 2019: 1735:

and/or by state-employed doctors ordered to conduct invasive physical exams and virginity tests.

1479: 671: 9578: 958:, on overseeing 21 months of torture and ill-treatment. In 2013 he was arrested for documenting 836:

measures and order the immediate and unconditional release of activists who have been detained.

12734: 12663: 12592: 12414: 12382: 12076: 12014: 12009: 11723: 11188: 10971: 10860: 10795: 10760: 10695: 10675: 10665: 10625: 10610: 10605: 10414: 10409: 10349: 10304: 10264: 10159: 10140: 9764: 9752: 9717: 9712: 9700: 9639: 8706: 8459: 6891: 6070: 5983:

Threats force Egyptian convert to hide, MAGGIE MICHAEL, Associated Press Writer Sat August 11,

5091:"UN experts call for release of Egyptian human rights defenders jailed after meeting diplomats" 4093: 2161: 1939: 1470: 1455: 1352: 1250: 974: 896: 539: 345: 253: 141: 93: 8317: 4935:"Egypt detains 2 journalists, including 1 with COVID-19 who was quarantined, now hospitalized" 1771:

working children and that 55% of them work in agriculture. In December 2014, the department's

1649:

Incidents of violence and harassment against black refugees in Egypt are increasingly common.

1594:

Privately owned and government-owned newspapers publish anti-Semitic articles and editorials.

12668: 12560: 12530: 12419: 12399: 12257: 11896: 11854: 11849: 11827: 11635: 11625: 11410: 11289: 11257: 11139: 10901: 10820: 10780: 10755: 10735: 10670: 10645: 10620: 10389: 10339: 10294: 10279: 10259: 10249: 10164: 10117: 10063: 9883: 9781: 9774: 9747: 9737: 9564: 5268: 5090: 2237: 2221: 2165: 2099: 2087: 1929: 1910: 1866: 1658:

In December 2021 and January 2022, the Egyptian authorities arbitrarily arrested at least 30

1384: 1285: 1222: 1191:

called her conviction charged on bogus claims "stemming purely from her peaceful criticism".

1188: 1123: 1056: 923: 919: 885: 856: 824: 812: 705: 582: 570: 457: 361: 226: 5478: 4875:"Egypt: Human rights defender Bahey el-Din Hassan handed outrageous 15-year prison sentence" 3965: 3680:

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure

12535: 12485: 12355: 11459: 11449: 10948: 10740: 10705: 10660: 10655: 10564: 10399: 10309: 10199: 10088: 10073: 9888: 9727: 9673: 9656: 9497:

Abdelrahman, Maha (April 2007). "The nationalisation of the human rights debate in Egypt".

8573: 6152:"Opinion: The Middle East's religious minorities are facing extinction. The world must act" 5694: 4964: 4634: 4545:"Egypt: Politician and human rights lawyer sentenced to a year in prison for BBC interview" 4313: 4162:"Egypt: Human rights crisis deepens one year after national human rights strategy launched" 3748: 3127: 2346: 2325: 2301: 2184: 2134: 2059: 1981: 1794: 1584: 1556: 1475: 1378: 1278: 1242: 993: 912: 844: 590: 325: 231: 9556:

Interview with Elijah Zarwan on human rights and the internet in Egypt and the Middle East

6791: 6384:"Egypt: ex-kidnapper admits 'they get paid for every Coptic Christian girl they bring in'" 3709:

rejecting appeals by human right defenders against the restrictive measures against them.

1727:

to meet their families. Since 2013, more than 2,500 women have been arrested arbitrarily.

1447: 1229: 8: 12646: 12626: 12446: 12394: 12389: 12328: 12230: 11913: 11844: 11839: 11558: 11262: 10870: 10541: 7915:"'We're next': Prisoner's secret filming appears to show torture in Cairo police station" 7478:""No One Cared He Was A Child": Egyptian Security Forces' Abuse of Children in Detention" 5630:"Egypt: Political prisoner dies in prison in Alexandria due to poor detention conditions" 4905:"Egypt: Veteran Human Rights Defender Bahey eldin Hassan sentenced to 15-Years in Prison" 2126:

prosecutor extended his imprisonment in a hearing that usually lasted about 90 seconds".

1700: 1652:

The indigenous Nubain communities face constant racism, land theft, arrests and cruelty.

1144: 1071: 1000: 966: 794:

stormed the home of Liliane Daoud, a Lebanese-British journalist, and whisked her to the

652: 477: 462: 447: 442: 387: 352: 305: 7803:"Egypt: Wives, children of detainees forced to walk barefoot in blazing heat for visits" 7751:"Transgender Israelis Detained by Egypt at Sinai Border Because 'We Didn't Look Female'" 7145: 6032: 5963: 3471:

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

2194:’ Middle East and North Africa programme, the killings described by Reuters “constitute 1066:, condemned the charges filed against Hassan as 'bogus' and 'extremely outrageous'. The 949:

On 15 June 2020, Egyptian security forces arrested five relatives of US-based dissident

12456: 12367: 12267: 12134: 11962: 11928: 11881: 11859: 11755: 11657: 11528: 11415: 11362: 9984: 9582: 8627:"Trump, Awaiting Egyptian Counterpart at Summit, Called Out for 'My Favorite Dictator'" 8066:"Egypt: Rampant impunity for security forces illustrates dark legacy of Rabaa massacre" 7442: 6970: 6291:"Egypt steps up vicious onslaught against NGOs with arrest of minority rights defender" 5755: 3714: 3661:

Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

2384: 2266: 2202: 2103: 2042: 1988: 1958: 1943: 1838:

Nadim Centre for the Psychological Management and Rehabilitation of Victims of Violence

1821:

In a Time of Torture: The Assault on Justice in Egypt's Crackdown on Homosexual Conduct

1815: 1808: 1731: 1723: 1495: 1459: 1419: 1411: 1234: 1012: 931: 784: 779: 713: 690: 626:

The worst mass killing in Egypt's modern history occurred on 14 August 2013 during the

595: 586: 512: 437: 382: 315: 10940: 9560: 8213: 7684: 6816: 6757: 6353: 5212: 4373: 3642:

International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance

1616:

financial benefit to the individuals who secure the forced conversion of the victim."

1237:

was sentenced to five years of imprisonment for "spreading fake news" in December 2021

907:

for their political views. However, the Egyptian authorities instead held captive the

12710: 12604: 12404: 12311: 12262: 12215: 12200: 12115: 12031: 11918: 11816: 11797: 11630: 11304: 11299: 11230: 11213: 11196: 10925: 9512: 8244:"Special Report: Egypt kills hundreds of suspected militants in disputed gun battles" 7358: 7313:

Khaled Abu Toameh, "What About The Arab Apartheid?" March 16, 2010, Hudson Institute.

7025: 6466: 6434:"Anti-Black Racism in the Arab World: Denial, Ignorance, or Both? | Egyptian Streets" 6002: 5868: 4995:"Egypt files new charges against 3 journalists held in pretrial detention since 2019" 4132: 3743: 2241: 2151: 2024: 2000: 1917: 1601: 1535: 1511: 1423: 1067: 1036: 730: 600: 426: 412: 407: 377: 12466: 4695:"Egypt tries to silence its critics in the United States by jailing their relatives" 3433:

International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid

938: 12565: 12522: 12492: 12340: 12122: 12051: 11993: 11708: 11703: 11683: 11605: 11420: 11321: 11252: 11235: 11176: 9508: 8005:"Urgent Action Update: PROMINENT ACTIVIST IN CRITICAL CONDITION (Egypt: UA 132.19)" 7565:"Imprisoned rights defenders in Egypt at 'grave risk' of COVID-19, warn UN experts" 5984: 4283: 3395:

First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

2371: 1909:, chaired by former UN secretary-general and former Egyptian deputy prime minister 1705: 1562: 1544: 1443: 1258: 1218:. Rome has demanded the release of Zaki in the past, but the request was rebuffed. 1199: 955: 770: 502: 486: 290: 248: 215: 12377: 9587: 7974: 12555: 12372: 12323: 12225: 12041: 11777: 11760: 11391: 11316: 9893: 8370:"Egypt: 'horrifying execution spree', with at least 57 killed in past two months" 7655:"Egyptian Suspects in Murder of Italian Student Likely to Face In-Absentia Trial" 6823: 5990: 3842: 3338:

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

2376: 2274: 2214: 2206: 1743: 1609: 1515: 1499: 911:

and charged them of spreading the hoax narrative, whilst violating the country's

765:"The intelligence services are extremely active," says a well-known commentator. 497: 392: 330: 300: 278: 243: 6836: 6408: 1387:

states that "Islam is the religion of the state...and the principles of Islamic

12704: 12658: 12512: 12451: 12235: 12036: 11548: 11476: 11335: 11269: 9424: 9395: 9366: 9337: 9308: 9279: 9250: 9221: 9192: 9163: 9134: 9105: 9076: 9047: 9018: 8989: 8960: 8931: 8902: 8873: 7685:"Giulio Regeni: Egypt 'suspends' investigation into Cambridge student's murder" 7564: 7205:"Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - Egypt | U.S. Department of Labor" 4429:"Egypt: Punitive probation measures the latest tactic used to harass activists" 3321: 2180: 2115: 2067: 1996: 1977: 1679: 1576: 1337: 1270: 1156: 1129: 1079: 1020: 950: 875: 397: 310: 197: 7945:"Egypt: Investigate police officers, not detainees, for leaked torture videos" 7855:"Activist Ramy Shaath arrives in France after release from Egyptian detention" 7274: 6495: 6262:"Egyptian Crack-Down on Human Rights Defenders Reaches Key Christian Activist" 6214: 4399:"Egypt's Latest Tactic Against Critics: Block Their Movements, or Deport Them" 3623:

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

697:

The government-appointed organization for human rights in Egypt is called the

12749: 12587: 12575: 12570: 12250: 11340: 10919: 9856: 9573: 8838: 8803: 8768: 8736: 7029: 6470: 4136: 3969: 3089: 2575: 2350: 1922: 1747: 1487: 1152: 1087: 1040: 970: 774: 755: 736: 643: 631: 340: 187: 6826:: "...female genital mutilation (FGM) ... still carried out on most girls." 5604:"Egypt to release new round of prisoners today as 60,000 remain behind bars" 2006:

On 6 September 2020, Egyptian Human Rights group accused the authorities in

12714: 12304: 11713: 11372: 8625:

Youssef, Nancy A.; Salama, Vivian; Bender, Michael C. (13 September 2019).

6839:. Kuwaiti Al-Rai TV translated into English by memritv.org. 28 March 2006. 6735: 5905: 4337:

Empty Talk on Tahrir Square By TIM SEBASTIAN| nytimes.com| 19 February 2012

3735: 3108: 2330: 2305: 2228:

Egypt became the world's third most frequent executioner in 2020 following

2076: 1431: 1348: 1215: 1210: 1051: 1047: 904: 870: 529: 144:

by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the

7715:"RELEASE ACTIVIST SENTENCED AFTER UNFAIR AND POLITICALLY MOTIVATED TRIALS" 7087: 6991:"Egypt Persecutes TikTok Women While Men Get Impunity for Sexual Violence" 6945:

El-Naggar, Mona; Al-Hlou, Yousur; July 5, Aliza Aufrichtig (5 July 2021).

6920:"Egyptian female detainees face serious violations inside El-Sisi prisons" 4605:"Egypt: Human rights activist arrested outside Public Prosecutor's office" 3452:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

1547:'s Samuel Tadros, the Coptic church is growing "outside Egypt's borders". 777:

on trial. The State Department also criticized Egypt for actions against

75: 11733: 11464: 11454: 11247: 10929: 10109: 9974: 9626: 8036:"'A Slow Death': Egypt's Political Prisoners Recount Horrific Conditions" 6063:"Egypt teacher cuts hair of schoolgirls for not wearing Muslim headscarf" 2403: 2317: 2031: 1951: 1879: 1874: 1819: 1626:

Police and state officials regularly harass people of ethnic minorities.

1621:

Egyptian NGO Association of Victims of Abduction and Forced Disappearance

1241:

On 1 June 2021, HRW alongside 62 other organizations called on President

1184: 1075: 803: 751: 659:

regards Egypt as "the world's third-worst jailer of journalists", behind

263: 258: 8576:. Middle East Research and Information Project (MERIP). 7 January 2019. 6639:"The racism in the Dunkin Donut Egypt ad is the rule, not the exception" 6240: 5840: 5544:"Egypt's Revolving Jailhouse Door: One Pretrial Detention After Another" 3937:"Memory of a Mass Killing Becomes Another Casualty of Egyptian Protests" 11782: 11740: 10533: 8314:"Egypt dismisses human rights group's report on army's abuses in Sinai" 6324:"House Members Press White House to Confront Egypt on Forced Marriages" 5899: 4755:"Egypt Is Arresting Doctors Who Raise Alarms Over Coronavirus Approach" 4249: 3995: 2297: 2285:

In 2019, US President Donald Trump said that he did not know about the

1858: 1804: 1588: 1539: 1347:

On 19 July 2022, a political prisoner, Mahmoud Othman, died inside the

1180: 1031: 926: 6837:"Egyptian Experts on Islamic Religious Law Debate Female Circumcision" 6122:"No punishment, no repentance: The persecution of Christians in Egypt" 4785:"Egypt: doctors targeted for highlighting Covid-19 working conditions" 12621: 12093: 9989: 7451: 5213:"Sanaa Seif: Egypt rights activist jailed for 'spreading false news'" 1883: 1782: 1742:

In acknowledgment of the efforts of Egyptian feminist activists, the

1572: 1439: 1195: 1164: 833: 816: 372: 8773:"Freedom in the World 2013: Democratic Breakthroughs in the Balance" 5389:"Egypt: Authorities fail to protect striking workers from reprisals" 4965:"Egypt: Detained Journalist Accused of Terrorism: Esraa Abdelfattah" 4635:"EGYPT: HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVIST DETAINED FOR A THIRD TIME: SANAA SEIF" 4125:"Egypt's Leader Ends State of Emergency, Says It's No Longer Needed" 3317:

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

1980:

was arrested in Egypt in 2013, during the military crackdown led by

11294: 8600:"How 'power grab' in Egypt aligns with US priorities in Arab world" 8126: 7342:

Inside Egypt: The Land of the Pharaohs on the Brink of a Revolution

7322: 2138: 1992: 1970: 1712: 1580: 1523: 674:

for more information on these ratings and how they are determined.

6459:"Opinion | 'Black Panther' and the anti-black racism of Egyptians" 6237:"Egyptian government openly discriminates the Christians of Egypt" 5479:"Egyptian content creators arrested over spoof prison visit video" 5269:"Italy's Senate asks govt to give imprisoned Egyptian citizenship" 2175:

news agency published in March 2019 cited figures provided by the

1450:

as an independent religion apart from Islam; the state-sanctioned

207: 9903: 8184:"Egypt police carry out 'extrajudicial execution' in North Sinai" 7625:"Deadly Consequences Obstruction of Aid in Yemen During Covid-19" 7059:... كيف أطلقت طبيبة أسنان أكبر حملة للبوح ضد الانتهاكات الجنسية؟" 5121:"EU Parliament calls for action over Egypt's human rights abuses" 4374:"Egypt TV host Mohamed al-Ghiety jailed for interviewing gay man" 2172: 2102:

updated on 21 November 2022 about the deteriorating condition of

1719:. Sexual harassment was described as occurring on a daily basis. 1435: 1426:. Human Rights Watch also mentions strict laws against insulting 1404: 1274: 1246: 1168: 1083: 799: 798:. Without advance warning, Ms. Daoud found herself on a plane to 4845:"Hollywood actors, renowned writers urge Egypt to free activist" 3810:"No political prisoners freed as Egypt pardons thousands on Eid" 11326: 11284: 11131: 9866: 6761: 2321: 1778: 1689: 1688:

unlawful and punishable under the Penal Code, and according to

1604:

and marry Muslim men. In 2009 the Washington, D.C. based group

1388: 1160: 1024: 660: 273: 268: 7829:"Egypt: Second political prisoner attempts suicide in a month" 7117:"BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year? - BBC News" 7018:"The 22-Year-Old Force Behind Egypt's Growing #MeToo Movement" 6758:"Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A statistical exploration" 4575:"Egypt holds activists who urged prisoner releases amid virus" 3357:

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

2015:

ill-treatment of protesters committed by the security forces.

847:’s government. The videos sparked anti-government protests in 579:

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

11357: 11162: 10022: 7385:"Shutdown of renowned torture rehabilitation centre in Egypt" 6870: 5930:"Congressional Human Rights Caucus, House of Representatives" 5299:"Amnesty: Egypt continues crackdown on freedom of expression" 4725:"Egypt arrests doctors, silences critics over virus outbreak" 4458:"'Sisi's balls': Egypt cracks down on popular children's toy" 2229: 2081: 2038:

accept LGBT community and denies them of basic human rights.

2007: 1862: 1800: 1715:

for women with more than 10 million inhabitants in a poll by

1527: 1519: 1427: 1415: 1365:

Religion in Egypt § Freedom of religion and human rights

1254: 1206: 1098: 1091: 985: 978: 889: 848: 829: 820: 740: 664: 637: 523: 8122:"Egypt rights group says 754 extrajudicial killings in 2016" 2345:

The following chart shows Egypt's ratings since 1972 in the

1550: 1214:

hasn't been offered a trial, which counts as a violation of

1205:

The Egyptian student, Patrick Zaki, who was arrested at the

11770: 7435: 5843:"Rights activists welcome ruling recognising Baháʼí rights" 5542:

Yee, Vivian; McCann, Allison; Holder, Josh (16 July 2022).

2233: 2190:

According to Kate Vigneswaran, senior legal adviser at the

1062: 873:

lawyer Zyad el-Elaimy, was imprisoned for a year and fined

7777:"Egypt: Prisoner's Family Detained for Torture Complaints" 7505:"American Held in Egypt Prison Dies After a Hunger Strike" 5816:"Egypt Ahmadis detained under emergency law: rights group" 4192:"Exile or Prison: Egypt's Offer To Critics Abroad flowing" 3934: 1777:

mentioned 2 goods produced under such working conditions:

999:

On 30 June 2020, Egyptian authorities reportedly arrested

7414:"Egypt: Announcing the campaign to end the death penalty" 6207:"Al-Ahram Weekly - Home News - The meanings of Al-Kosheh" 5869:"EGYPT: Court suspends ruling recognising Bahai [ 5574:"Egypt's Political Prisoners Recount Horrific Conditions" 4485:"Egyptian Dissident Battles Extradition in Spanish Court" 1966: 1696: 1684:

The Ministry of Health issued a decree in 1996 declaring

1011:

On 27 July 2020, an Egyptian court sentenced five female

881: 8654:"Biden to withhold, restrict some military aid to Egypt" 1446:

became the first Islamic state to legally recognize the

10970: 7595:"Egypt accused of 'recycling' cases against dissidents" 6610:"Egyptian Media: A Catalyst for Racism against Nubians" 5841:

Integrated Regional Information Networks (2006-04-06).

5660:"2019 Report on International Religious Freedom: Egypt" 5095:

United Nations Human Rights Office Of High Commissioner

4057:"2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Egypt" 3906:"2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Egypt" 1892: 1642:

were stripped of their clothes and sexually assaulted.

1097:

Egyptian security forces arrested two journalists from

10084:

Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel

8430:"Enforced Disappearances & Human Rights Defenders" 6944: 6863:"The world's most dangerous megacities for women 2017" 6604: 6602: 6600: 5900:

Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (2006-12-16).

2121:

The Times gave the example of an academic researcher (

1925:, "issue a decree freeing detainees...in bad health." 9465:"Egypt: Arbitrary Travel Bans Throttle Civil Society" 7295:

Citizenship and the State in the Middle East, p. 218.

5596: 3604:

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

1774:

List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor

1438:

and detention for unorthodox sects of Islam, such as

630:

by police of a sit-in held by supporters of the late

7885:"Egypt: Rights Defender's Imprisoned Father At Risk" 7344:

by John R. Bradley, Palgrave MaacMillan, 2008. p.191

7146:"Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - Egypt" 5902:"Government Must Find Solution for Baháʼí Egyptians" 5695:"International Religious Freedom Report 2002: Egypt" 5419:"Egypt: Two Singers Convicted on 'Morality' Charges" 5055:"Journalist Interrogated Over New Terrorism Charges" 4815:"Egypt jails women for two years over TikTok videos" 3725: 3376:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

2333:

provided the French military intelligence services,

922:

reported that Egyptian security forces had abducted

899:, concerning grave conditions of prisons amidst the 575:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

9617: 8624: 8092:"2,978 cases of extra-judicial killings in 3 years" 7267:"Al-Ahram Weekly - EGYPT - Not just the Queen Boat" 7088:"BBC 100 Women 2020: Who is on the list this year?" 6597: 5329:"Egypt: President Should Act to Unshackle Freedoms" 4250:"One of the World's biggest jailers of journalists" 1050:to 15 years in jail over anti-government advocacy. 8618: 8262:"Egypt: Serious Abuses, War Crimes in North Sinai" 7447:"A personal introduction to viciousness in enmity" 7261: 7259: 6912: 6785: 6783: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5509:"Exile or Prison: Egypt's Offer To Critics Abroad" 2257:its opponents from across the political spectrum. 6698:"Egypt: Police Target Sudanese Refugee Activists" 6346: 6033:"Egypt bomb kills 21 at Alexandria Coptic church" 5689: 5687: 5685: 3935:Kareem Fahim; Mayy El Sheikh (13 November 2013), 12747: 8645: 8602:. The Christian Science Monitor. 22 April 2019. 8288:"If You Are Afraid for Your Lives, Leave Sinai!" 7325:"EOHR calls for investigating 900 torture cases" 7323:Marwa Al-A'sar/Daily News Egypt (22 June 2011). 5359:"Egypt: US Advocate's Father Held Incommunicado" 4665:"Egypt targets activists in new wave of arrests" 3837: 3835: 1469:An Egyptian convert from Islam to Christianity, 9523:New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. 8679:Hudson, John; Ryan, Missy (14 September 2021). 7535:"Egypt: Apparent Covid-19 Outbreaks in Prisons" 7256: 6780: 5786:"Muslim Publics Divided on Hamas and Hezbollah" 5541: 5526: 4483:Minder, Raphael; Walsh, Declan (14 July 2020). 4027:"Record number of journalists jailed worldwide" 1567:From December 31, 1999, to January 2, 2000, 21 1273:. He was held in conditions that may amount to 6317: 6315: 5790:Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project 5726:"Christian MPs praise new church building law" 5682: 5652: 4298: 11147: 10956: 10549: 10125: 9603: 8837: 8802: 8767: 8735: 8491:"The West opens up to Egypt's President Sisi" 6789: 4348:"US 'concerned' about media freedom in Egypt" 3832: 1245:to immediately end the crackdown on peaceful 1209:airport for allegedly spreading fake news on 1074:, in addition to hundreds of public figures, 942:The bodies of protesters who died during the 547: 9552:A reflection on the status of women in Egypt 8214:"Video 'shows Egypt army killing detainees'" 6354:"Christian minority under pressure in Egypt" 5723: 2109: 1711:In 2017, Cairo was voted the most dangerous 1526:. As the report mentioned, Majid Halim fled 1277:or other ill-treatment, including prolonged 758:reported a "re-emergence of fear" in Egypt. 634:, where hundreds of protesters were killed. 9939:Arabic Network for Human Rights Information 9496: 8741:"Country ratings and status, FIW 1973-2012" 8523:. Al-Jazeera. 17 April 2019. Archived from 6975:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 6312: 5960:] win court fight over identity papers" 4482: 4244: 4242: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4082: 3900: 3898: 2324:in crimes committed by the dictatorship of 2260: 2145: 1842:Arabic Network for Human Rights Information 1630:and children. The massacre is known as the 63:Learn how and when to remove these messages 11154: 11140: 10963: 10949: 10556: 10542: 10139: 10132: 10118: 9610: 9596: 9423: 9394: 9365: 9336: 9307: 9278: 9249: 9220: 9191: 9162: 9133: 9104: 9075: 9046: 9017: 8988: 8959: 8930: 8901: 8872: 8678: 8672: 6792:"Egypt sees U turn on female circumcision" 6497:The Massacre of Sudanese Refugees in Cairo 5025:"Detained journalist accused of terrorism" 4094:"World Report 2020. Egypt. Events of 2019" 2353:. A rating of 1 is "free"; 7, "not free". 2247: 1768:Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor 1739:and prison sentences of up to five years. 1151:In March 2021, 31 countries including the 1015:to two years in jail, including a fine of 651:ranked Egypt at 166th place in its annual 638:Rights and liberties ratings and summaries 571:Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 554: 540: 10079:Human rights in Muslim-majority countries 7441: 4909:International Federation for Human Rights 4340: 4049: 3275: 1852: 1551:Status of religious and ethnic minorities 171:Learn how and when to remove this message 10563: 10099:Association Marocaine des Droits Humaine 8521:"Our Man in Cairo: El-Sisi and the West" 7418:Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies 5953: 5895: 5893: 5724:Essam El-Din, Gamal (8 September 2016). 4515:"Egypt: Stop trials by emergency courts" 4239: 4217:"freedomhouse.org: Freedom of the Press" 4079: 3895: 2291: 1608:published a study of the abductions and 1478:which occurred in January 2010, and the 1375:Egyptian identification card controversy 1228: 937: 9965:Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights 9931: 9417: 9330: 9272: 9243: 8729: 8545: 7355:"Report on Egypt human rights critical" 6896:. Human Rights Watch. 17 January 2018. 5947: 2340: 2287:2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum 1946:and his lawyer Mohamed el-Baqer of the 1834:Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights 1119:Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights 14: 12748: 9825:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 9388: 9359: 9301: 9214: 9185: 9156: 9127: 8687:from the original on 23 September 2021 8660:from the original on 14 September 2021 8633:from the original on 15 September 2021 8068:. Human Rights Watch. 14 August 2017. 7831:. Middle East Monitor. 9 August 2021. 7805:. Middle East Monitor. 5 August 2021. 6922:. Middle East Monitor. 13 March 2019. 6334:from the original on November 23, 2010 6321: 5924: 5922: 5606:. Middle East Monitor. 26 April 2022. 5005:from the original on 19 September 2020 4975:from the original on 22 September 2020 4945:from the original on 16 September 2020 4915:from the original on 21 September 2020 4350:. AFP. August 16, 2012. Archived from 4172:from the original on 21 September 2022 4024: 2133:In a years-long campaign by President 1954:following their 29 September arrests. 1899:Egyptian Organization for Human Rights 1391:are the main sources of legislation." 1358: 1327: 1284:In November 2021, an investigation by 12180: 11991: 11814: 11655: 11174: 11135: 10944: 10537: 10113: 9591: 9536:Personal accounts from Egyptian women 9521:Counterterrorism Strategies in Egypt. 9098: 9069: 9040: 9011: 8982: 8953: 8924: 8895: 8866: 8717:from the original on 21 November 2021 8651: 8194:from the original on 31 December 2019 8046:from the original on 18 November 2022 8015:from the original on 22 November 2022 7895:from the original on 16 February 2022 7665:from the original on 24 November 2020 7502: 7480:. Human Rights Watch. 23 March 2020. 7244:from the original on 9 September 2017 7015: 6283: 6013:from the original on 20 November 2018 5890: 5705:from the original on 23 December 2019 5670:from the original on 19 February 2023 5584:from the original on 18 November 2022 5369:from the original on 15 November 2021 5161:from the original on 18 December 2020 5131:from the original on 19 December 2020 5101:from the original on 25 November 2020 4885:from the original on 8 September 2020 4645:from the original on 7 September 2020 4333: 4331: 4037:from the original on 15 December 2020 3883:from the original on 27 November 2020 3820:from the original on 15 November 2020 3490:Convention on the Rights of the Child 1950:were subjected to welcome parades in 1948:Adalah Center for Rights and Freedoms 1600:Coptic women and girls are abducted, 1068:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights 12730: 8380:from the original on 2 December 2020 8350:from the original on 22 October 2020 8316:. Xinhua News Agency. Archived from 8072:from the original on 19 October 2017 7925:from the original on 25 January 2022 7695:from the original on 1 December 2020 7635:from the original on 4 November 2020 7515:from the original on 14 January 2020 6993:. human Rights Watch. 28 June 2021. 6798:from the original on 5 February 2005 5866: 5834: 5489:from the original on 5 February 2023 5459:from the original on 17 January 2023 5071:from the original on 3 November 2020 4409:from the original on 3 December 2019 4104:from the original on 8 February 2021 4067:from the original on 5 February 2021 1893:Conditions for detainees and torture 1830:Egyptian Association Against Torture 1302:(US$ 538), along with an additional 1171:, issued a joint declaration to the 984:According to ABC News, in July 2020 903:, called for the release of patrons 720: 116: 69: 28: 12720: 10972:Extrajudicial killings in the World 9847:Human right to water and sanitation 8440:from the original on 2 January 2020 8290:. Human Rights Watch. 28 May 2019. 8264:. Human Rights Watch. 28 May 2019. 8224:from the original on 18 August 2019 8033: 7865:from the original on 8 January 2022 7779:. Human Rights Watch. 18 May 2021. 7575:from the original on 31 August 2020 7361:.net. 10 April 2005. Archived from 6843:from the original on 29 August 2006 6768:from the original on 30 August 2006 6386:. World Watch Monitor. 2017-09-14. 6364:from the original on March 22, 2017 6043:from the original on 1 January 2011 5919: 5640:from the original on 2 January 2020 5554:from the original on 2 January 2020 5429:from the original on 2 January 2020 5399:from the original on 2 January 2020 5309:from the original on 2 January 2020 5193:from the original on 2 January 2020 5035:from the original on 1 October 2020 4855:from the original on 2 January 2020 4735:from the original on 2 January 2020 4705:from the original on 9 January 2021 4585:from the original on 2 January 2020 4555:from the original on 2 January 2020 4525:from the original on 2 January 2020 4464:from the original on 2 January 2020 4260:from the original on 1 October 2020 4122: 4006:from the original on 1 October 2020 3976:from the original on 15 August 2021 3282:international human rights treaties 2192:International Commission of Jurists 1902:the people's dignity and freedom.` 1882:by the Palestinian terrorist group 1482:which occurred on January 1, 2011. 1371:Persecution of Baháʼís § Egypt 1173:United Nations Human Rights Council 1046:On 25 August 2020, Egypt sentenced 992:by the government led by President 24: 9490: 8652:TOOSI, NAHAL (13 September 2021). 8606:from the original on 22 April 2019 8580:from the original on 18 April 2019 8554:from the original on 18 April 2019 8501:from the original on 19 April 2019 8410:from the original on 21 April 2021 8134:from the original on 1 August 2017 8098:. 8 September 2016. Archived from 7955:from the original on 14 March 2022 7835:from the original on 9 August 2021 7809:from the original on 5 August 2021 7605:from the original on 10 April 2022 7156:from the original on 17 April 2016 6926:from the original on 13 March 2019 6900:from the original on 12 March 2019 6708:from the original on 27 March 2022 6666: 6254: 6162:from the original on 15 March 2021 5766:from the original on 4 August 2010 5279:from the original on 19 April 2021 5219:from the original on 17 March 2021 4328: 4227:from the original on 26 March 2007 4025:Beiser, Elana (15 December 2020). 3966:"Freedom in the World 2021: Egypt" 3947:from the original on 25 March 2017 2114:According to a 2022 report by the 1818:released a 144-page report called 1673: 1606:Christian Solidarity International 969:was accused of unfairly arresting 832:authorities to lift all arbitrary 25: 12772: 12101:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces 9529: 8471:from the original on 9 April 2019 8340:"Egypt: 49 Executions In 10 Days" 8268:from the original on 13 July 2019 7985:from the original on 7 April 2022 7545:from the original on 21 July 2020 7503:Walsh, Declan (13 January 2020). 7484:from the original on 16 June 2020 6997:from the original on 28 June 2021 6817:Amnesty International 2008 report 6322:Abrams, Joseph (April 21, 2010). 6132:from the original on 3 April 2021 6069:. 18 October 2012. Archived from 6003:"Egypt church attack kills Copts" 5610:from the original on 20 July 2022 5249:from the original on 6 April 2021 4825:from the original on 27 July 2020 4795:from the original on 15 July 2020 4765:from the original on 30 June 2020 4675:from the original on 26 June 2020 4615:from the original on 24 June 2020 4495:from the original on 14 July 2020 4312:. 12 January 2012. Archived from 3996:"Press Freedom Index 2021: Egypt" 3916:from the original on 20 July 2022 3853:from the original on 18 July 2022 3759:Human rights in Islamic countries 2254:United Nations special rapporteur 2160:Many cases of deaths in custody, 1907:National Council for Human Rights 1454:started to emerge after the 1953 1398:There have been disputes between 699:National Council for Human Rights 44:This article has multiple issues. 18:Extrajudicial executions in Egypt 12729: 12719: 12709: 12700: 12699: 11958:Refugees of the Syrian civil war 11161: 10924: 10915: 10914: 10440:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 10210:Democratic Republic of the Congo 9980:Al Mezan Center for Human Rights 9970:Defenders of Human Rights Center 9944:Arab Commission for Human Rights 9570:Freedom in the World 2012 Report 9513:10.1111/j.1469-8129.2007.00275.x 9475:from the original on 6 July 2022 9457: 9446: 8831: 8796: 8761: 8699: 8592: 8566: 8539: 8513: 8483: 8452: 8422: 8392: 8362: 8332: 8306: 8294:from the original on 28 May 2019 8280: 8254: 8236: 8206: 8176: 8146: 8114: 8084: 8058: 8027: 7997: 7967: 7937: 7907: 7877: 7847: 7821: 7795: 7783:from the original on 18 May 2021 7769: 7743: 7731:from the original on 24 May 2021 7707: 7677: 7647: 7617: 7587: 7557: 7527: 7496: 7470: 7406: 7377: 7347: 7335: 7316: 7307: 7298: 7289: 7234:"Egypt crackdown on homosexuals" 7226: 7197: 7168: 7138: 7109: 7080: 7047: 7009: 6983: 6957:from the original on 5 July 2021 6938: 6884: 6855: 6829: 6810: 6790:Peter Kandela (7 January 1995). 6750: 6720: 5954:Johnston, Cynthia (2008-01-29). 5796:from the original on 19 May 2019 5339:from the original on 1 June 2021 4031:Committee to Protect Journalists 3728: 1104:Committee to Protect Journalists 657:Committee to Protect Journalists 522: 206: 121: 74: 33: 12442:Identification card controversy 9619:Human rights in the Middle East 8855:from the original on 2015-10-18 8820:from the original on 2015-07-12 8785:from the original on 2015-04-02 8750:from the original on 2012-04-24 8574:"Egypt's Arrested Battleground" 8546:Shenker, Jack (18 March 2017). 7757:from the original on 6 May 2021 7459:from the original on 2019-10-06 7424:from the original on 2019-12-24 7395:from the original on 2017-02-27 7215:from the original on 2019-12-19 7186:from the original on 2019-12-22 7127:from the original on 2023-01-28 7098:from the original on 2021-03-12 7069:from the original on 2022-12-21 7036:from the original on 2021-03-11 6690: 6679:from the original on 2021-07-25 6660: 6649:from the original on 2021-09-20 6631: 6620:from the original on 2021-09-20 6586:from the original on 2021-09-21 6568: 6557:from the original on 2021-09-20 6543: 6532:from the original on 2023-04-07 6514: 6504:from the original on 2021-09-20 6488: 6477:from the original on 2022-01-03 6451: 6440:from the original on 2021-09-20 6426: 6415:from the original on 2017-10-15 6401: 6390:from the original on 2018-09-13 6376: 6229: 6199: 6174: 6144: 6114: 6103:from the original on 2017-03-11 6085: 6055: 6025: 5995: 5977: 5879:from the original on 2007-12-01 5860: 5849:from the original on 2006-07-11 5808: 5778: 5748: 5717: 5622: 5566: 5501: 5471: 5441: 5411: 5381: 5351: 5321: 5291: 5273:Thomson Reuters Foundation News 5261: 5231: 5205: 5173: 5143: 5113: 5083: 5047: 5017: 4987: 4957: 4927: 4897: 4867: 4837: 4807: 4777: 4747: 4717: 4687: 4657: 4627: 4597: 4567: 4537: 4507: 4476: 4450: 4439:from the original on 2020-01-02 4421: 4391: 4380:from the original on 2019-02-12 4366: 4272: 4209: 4184: 4154: 4143:from the original on 2021-12-21 4116: 2349:reports, published annually by 2183:, who was an ally of President 2018:A 28-year-old Italian student, 1400:Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria 1140:was arrested in February 2020. 727:Censorship in Islamic societies 52:or discuss these issues on the 11348:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt 10882:British Indian Ocean Territory 10094:Sahrawi Association of Victims 9810:Arbitrary arrest and detention 6182:"Center for Religious Freedom" 4018: 3988: 3958: 3928: 3865: 3802: 3787: 3779: 3771: 3703: 1857:Palestinians who lived in the 1788: 1757: 1632:Mustapha Mahmoud Park Massacre 13: 1: 11656: 8034:Yee, Vivian (8 August 2022). 3796: 3295: 2364: 2304:during a meeting held at the 2168:have been reported in Egypt. 1976:An Egyptian-American citizen 1148:the assets were kept frozen. 1054:organizations, including the 11975:Twin towns and sister cities 11815: 11487:Assassination of Anwar Sadat 9960:Kurdish Human Rights Project 8467:. Human Rights Watch. 2019. 8434:UN SR Human Rights Defenders 7016:Walsh, Declan (2020-10-02). 6297:. 2016-05-19. Archived from 6268:. 2016-05-31. Archived from 5932:. 2005-11-16. Archived from 4460:. The New Arab. 9 Nov 2017. 3677: 3658: 3639: 3620: 3601: 3582: 3563: 3544: 3525: 3506: 3487: 3468: 3449: 3430: 3411: 3392: 3373: 3354: 3335: 3314: 3251: 3234: 3217: 3200: 3183: 3166: 3149: 3132: 3113: 3094: 3075: 3056: 3039: 3022: 3005: 2988: 2971: 2954: 2937: 2920: 2903: 2886: 2869: 2852: 2835: 2818: 2801: 2784: 2767: 2750: 2733: 2716: 2699: 2682: 2665: 2648: 2631: 2614: 2597: 2580: 2561: 2544: 2527: 2510: 2493: 2476: 2459: 2442: 2425: 2408: 2389: 2066:aimed at inflicting pain on 1799:Homosexuality is considered 1233:Prominent Egyptian activist 7: 12503:Vehicle registration plates 12181: 12157:Water supply and sanitation 11992: 11175: 10069:Humanitarian crisis in Gaza 8843:"Freedom in the World 2015" 8808:"Freedom in the World 2014" 4280:"Reporters Without Borders" 3721: 2171:An investigative report by 1456:dissolution of the monarchy 612:2020 parliamentary election 87:to comply with Knowledge's 10: 12777: 12162:Water resources management 9909:Women's suffrage, timeline 6295:Amnesty International News 5904:. eipr.org. Archived from 4123:Yee, Vivian (2021-10-25). 3754:Human trafficking in Egypt 3252: 3235: 3218: 3201: 3184: 3167: 3150: 3133: 3114: 3095: 3076: 3057: 3040: 3023: 3006: 2989: 2972: 2955: 2938: 2921: 2904: 2887: 2870: 2853: 2836: 2819: 2802: 2785: 2768: 2751: 2734: 2717: 2700: 2683: 2666: 2649: 2632: 2615: 2598: 2581: 2562: 2545: 2528: 2511: 2494: 2477: 2460: 2443: 2426: 2409: 2390: 2320:exposed the complicity of 2177:Egyptian Interior Ministry 2149: 1792: 1717:Thomson Reuters Foundation 1677: 1602:forced to convert to Islam 1560: 1554: 1368: 1362: 1006:Egyptian Medical Syndicate 990:COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt 944:August 2013 Rabaa massacre 724: 704:On 21 September 2022, the 621:2023 presidential election 616:2019 constitutional change 12695: 12521: 12193: 12189: 12176: 12057:Impact on the environment 12047:Entrepreneurship policies 12000: 11987: 11823: 11810: 11664: 11651: 11619: 11521: 11187: 11183: 11170: 10978: 10910: 10869: 10829: 10571: 10453: 10428: 10147: 10056: 10035: 9952: 9922: 9797: 9625: 6614:Media Diversity Institute 5962:. Reuters. Archived from 4254:Reporters without Borders 4000:Reporters Without Borders 2316:On 21 November 2021, the 2110:Use of pretrial detention 1826:Hisham Mubarak Law Centre 1424:leave the Muslim religion 1023:), for posting videos on 745:Reporters Without Borders 649:Reporters Without Borders 136:toward certain viewpoints 11828:Administrative divisions 11504:2011 Egyptian revolution 11445:1952 Egyptian revolution 11241:Lighthouse of Alexandria 10631:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 10195:Central African Republic 10141:Human rights in Africa 9519:Abozaid, Ahmed M. 2022. 5956:"Egypt Baha'is [ 5699:U.S. Department of State 3910:U.S. Department of State 3764: 2261:International complicity 2196:extrajudicial executions 2166:extrajudicial executions 2146:Extrajudicial executions 2123:University of Washington 1867:Their status as refugees 1764:U.S. Department of Labor 1013:social media influencers 792:Egyptian security forces 679:U.S. Department of State 186:This article is part of 100:may contain suggestions. 85:may need to be rewritten 12032:Egyptian stock exchange 10892:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 9820:Crimes against humanity 9500:Nations and Nationalism 8629:. Wall Street Journal. 4759:The Wall Street Journal 3290:International treaties 3071:Mohamed Hussein Tantawi 2248:Enforced Disappearances 1694:British Medical Journal 1480:2011 Alexandria bombing 1019:(approximately £14,600 895:On 18 March 2020, four 672:List of freedom indices 606:In Egypt's most recent 12363:International rankings 11368:Egyptian–Ethiopian War 10565:Human rights in Asia 7979:The Freedom Initiative 5664:US Department of State 4061:US Department of State 3943:, The New York Times, 3276:International treaties 2309: 1940:2019 Egyptian protests 1853:Status of Palestinians 1471:Mohammed Beshoy Hegazy 1452:persecution of Baháʼís 1251:freedom of association 1238: 975:human rights activists 946: 897:human rights activists 884:in 2017. However, the 767: 688: 569:are guaranteed by the 12756:Human rights in Egypt 11968:Terrorism and tourism 11426:1948 Arab–Israeli War 11258:Library of Alexandria 10355:São Tomé and Príncipe 10215:Republic of the Congo 10064:Collective punishment 9884:Right to a fair trial 9565:Amnesty International 8404:Amnesty International 8374:Amnesty International 8009:Amnesty International 7949:Amnesty International 7722:Amnesty International 7629:Amnesty International 7152:. 30 September 2016. 6360:. December 17, 2010. 5818:. AFP. Archived from 5634:Committee For Justice 5393:Amnesty International 5062:Amnesty International 5029:Amnesty International 4969:Amnesty International 4879:Amnesty International 4639:Amnesty International 4609:Amnesty International 4549:Amnesty International 4519:Amnesty International 4168:. 21 September 2022. 4166:Amnesty International 3265:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 3248:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 3231:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 3214:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 3197:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 3180:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 3163:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 3146:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 2300:meets with President 2295: 2238:Amnesty International 2222:Amnesty International 2162:forced disappearances 2100:Amnesty International 2088:Amnesty International 1991:revealed a suspected 1930:Amnesty International 1911:Boutros Boutros-Ghali 1905:A 2005 report of the 1385:Constitution of Egypt 1286:Amnesty International 1232: 1223:Amnesty International 1189:Amnesty International 1124:Amnesty International 1057:Amnesty International 941: 924:human rights defender 920:Amnesty International 886:Amnesty International 857:Amnesty International 825:Amnesty International 813:Amnesty International 760: 706:Amnesty International 683: 608:presidential election 583:Amnesty International 567:Human rights in Egypt 12679:World Heritage Sites 12498:Units of measurement 11953:Proposed new capital 11699:Environmental issues 11460:United Arab Republic 11353:Muhammad Ali dynasty 10806:United Arab Emirates 10089:Israel and apartheid 10074:Human rights in Asia 9889:Right to development 9770:United Arab Emirates 8942:on 17 September 2012 8548:"Send them to Egypt" 7891:. 16 February 2022. 7601:. 6 September 2020. 6893:Egypt Events of 2018 5736:on 20 September 2016 5395:. 25 November 2021. 5365:. 15 November 2021. 5001:. 2 September 2020. 4941:. 4 September 2020. 4100:. 12 December 2019. 3749:Persecution of Copts 3128:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 2347:Freedom in the World 2341:Historical situation 2326:Abdel Fattah al-Sisi 2302:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 2220:On 1 December 2020, 2185:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 2135:Abdel Fattah El-Sisi 2060:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 2041:On 18 May 2021, the 1982:Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi 1795:LGBT rights in Egypt 1557:Persecution of Copts 1476:Nag Hammadi massacre 1379:Persecution of Copts 1279:solitary confinement 1243:Abdel Fattah al-Sisi 994:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 901:coronavirus outbreak 869:On 10 March 2020, a 854:On 31 October 2021, 845:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 591:Abdel Fattah al-Sisi 418:World Heritage Sites 232:Ancient Egyptian art 12351:Freedom of religion 12246:Mass sexual assault 11611:Timekeeping devices 11509:2013 Rabaa massacre 11482:Egyptian–Libyan War 10833:limited recognition 10430:States with limited 9998:HRFS (founded 2002) 9835:Freedom of religion 9550:A tale of two women 9541:Censorship in Egypt 9145:on 11 February 2014 8971:on 1 September 2010 8913:on 11 February 2011 8683:. Washington Post. 8346:. 22 October 2020. 8190:. 25 January 2017. 7921:. 24 January 2022. 7631:. 4 November 2020. 7443:El-Fattah, Alaa Abd 7391:. 9 February 2017. 7271:Weekly.ahram.org.eg 6211:Weekly.ahram.org.eg 6156:The Washington Post 5867:IRIN (2006-05-16). 5792:. 2 December 2010. 5455:. 17 January 2023. 5303:Middle East Monitor 5243:The Washington Post 5155:European Parliament 4579:The Washington Post 4521:. 31 October 2021. 4376:. BBC. 2019-01-21. 4316:on 22 November 2018 3879:. 17 January 2020. 3280:Egypt's stances on 2359:Historical ratings 1701:Al-Azhar University 1686:female circumcision 1492:Egyptian Revolution 1359:Freedom of religion 1328:Political prisoners 1145:European Parliament 1072:European Parliament 1048:Bahey el-Din Hassan 967:government of Egypt 865:Events of 2020-2021 653:Press Freedom Index 601:Egyptian government 596:political prisoners 142:improve the article 12541:Art (contemporary) 12221:Capital punishment 12111:Telecommunications 11788:Towns and villages 11756:Qattara Depression 11569:Muslim Brotherhood 11539:Cigarette industry 11399:British occupation 11310:Crusader invasions 11280:Rashidun Caliphate 9985:Association Najdeh 9815:Capital punishment 9583:Human Rights Watch 9561:2012 Annual Report 9469:Human Rights Watch 9348:on 13 January 2016 9174:on 20 October 2012 9116:on 8 November 2010 8884:on 20 October 2012 8344:Human Rights Watch 8040:The New York Times 7889:Human Rights Watch 7861:. 8 January 2022. 7753:. The Algemeiner. 7571:. 24 August 2020. 7539:Human Rights Watch 7509:The New York Times 7022:The New York Times 6951:The New York Times 6867:poll2017.trust.org 6822:2014-10-04 at the 6702:Human Rights Watch 6073:on 18 October 2012 6039:. 1 January 2011. 6009:. 7 January 2010. 5989:2007-08-15 at the 5578:The New York Times 5550:. New York Times. 5548:The New York Times 5423:Human Rights Watch 5363:Human Rights Watch 5333:Human Rights Watch 4881:. 25 August 2020. 4489:The New York Times 4354:on August 23, 2012 4196:Human Rights Watch 4129:The New York Times 4098:Human Rights Watch 3941:The New York Times 3847:Human Rights Watch 3715:Human Rights Watch 2310: 2296:Defense Secretary 2267:Human Rights Watch 2203:Human Rights Watch 2104:Alaa Abd El-Fattah 2043:Human Rights Watch 1989:Human Rights Watch 1944:Alaa Abd el-Fattah 1928:In February 2017, 1816:Human Rights Watch 1809:Muslim Brotherhood 1750:in the first, and 1732:The New York Times 1724:Human Rights Watch 1585:riot against Copts 1571:were killed by an 1496:Muslim Brotherhood 1460:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1412:Human Rights Watch 1336:According to the 1239: 1235:Alaa Abd El-Fattah 1001:healthcare workers 965:In July 2020, the 947: 932:Alaa Abd El-Fattah 785:Muslim Brotherhood 769:The United States 714:Human Rights Watch 691:Human Rights Watch 655:. As of 2020, the 587:Human Rights Watch 508:Telecommunications 12761:Politics of Egypt 12743: 12742: 12691: 12690: 12687: 12686: 12615:Football stadiums 12546:Botanical gardens 12425:Catholic dioceses 12317:Gender inequality 12241:Human trafficking 12172: 12171: 12106:Tallest buildings 12067:Military industry 11983: 11982: 11924:Political parties 11877:Islamic extremism 11865:Foreign relations 11806: 11805: 11647: 11646: 11643: 11642: 11387:French occupation 11305:Fatimid Caliphate 11300:Ikhshidid dynasty 11129: 11128: 10938: 10937: 10875:other territories 10531: 10530: 10457:other territories 10230:Equatorial Guinea 10107: 10106: 10031: 10030: 9914:Male guardianship 9852:Human trafficking 9579:World Report 2012 9435:on 25 August 2012 9319:on 19 August 2012 9203:on 25 August 2012 9087:on 23 August 2012 8550:. openDemocracy. 8406:. 21 April 2021. 8220:. 21 April 2017. 7951:. 14 March 2022. 7691:. December 2020. 6764:. November 2005. 6704:. 27 March 2022. 6667:Writer, ByStaff. 6266:Morning Star News 5580:. 8 August 2022. 5485:. February 2023. 5425:. 27 April 2022. 4851:. 4 August 2020. 4551:. 10 March 2020. 3744:Religion in Egypt 3712:According to the 3701: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3273: 3272: 3269: 3268: 2252:According to the 2242:COVID-19 pandemic 2152:Ras Sedr massacre 2074:In January 2022, 2025:trial-in-absentia 1987:On 20 July 2020, 1897:According to the 1722:According to the 1668:protests in Sudan 1660:Sudanese refugees 1619:According to the 1569:Coptic Christians 1536:Coptic Christians 1512:Coptic Christians 1037:Alaa Abdel Fattah 918:On 23 June 2020, 731:Internet in Egypt 721:Freedom of speech 564: 563: 473:Foreign relations 453:Political parties 181: 180: 173: 163: 162: 115: 114: 89:quality standards 67: 16:(Redirected from 12768: 12733: 12732: 12723: 12722: 12713: 12703: 12702: 12508:Waste management 12273:Academic grading 12191: 12190: 12178: 12177: 12150:Railway stations 12128:Cultural tourism 12027:Economic regions 11989: 11988: 11812: 11811: 11653: 11652: 11322:Mamluk Sultanate 11253:Diocese of Egypt 11236:Battle of Actium 11185: 11184: 11172: 11171: 11156: 11149: 11142: 11133: 11132: 11067:Papua New Guinea 10965: 10958: 10951: 10942: 10941: 10928: 10918: 10917: 10887:Christmas Island 10573:Sovereign states 10558: 10551: 10544: 10535: 10534: 10518: 10517:(United Kingdom) 10513:Tristan da Cunha 10509:Ascension Island 10501: 10488: 10479: 10455:Dependencies and 10148:Sovereign states 10134: 10127: 10120: 10111: 10110: 9929: 9928: 9805:Academic freedom 9787:Yemeni civil war 9758:Syrian civil war 9612: 9605: 9598: 9589: 9588: 9516: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9480: 9461: 9455: 9450: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9440: 9431:. Archived from 9421: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9411: 9402:. Archived from 9392: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9382: 9373:. Archived from 9363: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9353: 9344:. Archived from 9334: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9324: 9315:. Archived from 9305: 9299: 9298: 9296: 9295: 9286:. Archived from 9276: 9270: 9269: 9267: 9266: 9257:. Archived from 9247: 9241: 9240: 9238: 9237: 9228:. Archived from 9218: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9208: 9199:. Archived from 9189: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9179: 9170:. Archived from 9160: 9154: 9153: 9151: 9150: 9141:. Archived from 9131: 9125: 9124: 9122: 9121: 9112:. Archived from 9102: 9096: 9095: 9093: 9092: 9083:. Archived from 9073: 9067: 9066: 9064: 9063: 9054:. Archived from 9044: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9034: 9025:. Archived from 9015: 9009: 9008: 9006: 9005: 8996:. Archived from 8986: 8980: 8979: 8977: 8976: 8967:. Archived from 8957: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8947: 8938:. Archived from 8928: 8922: 8921: 8919: 8918: 8909:. Archived from 8899: 8893: 8892: 8890: 8889: 8880:. Archived from 8870: 8864: 8863: 8861: 8860: 8854: 8847: 8835: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8825: 8819: 8812: 8800: 8794: 8793: 8791: 8790: 8784: 8777: 8765: 8759: 8758: 8756: 8755: 8745: 8733: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8722: 8703: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8692: 8676: 8670: 8669: 8667: 8665: 8649: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8622: 8616: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8596: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8585: 8570: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8559: 8543: 8537: 8536: 8534: 8532: 8527:on 17 April 2019 8517: 8511: 8510: 8508: 8506: 8497:. 22 June 2015. 8487: 8481: 8480: 8478: 8476: 8456: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8445: 8426: 8420: 8419: 8417: 8415: 8396: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8385: 8366: 8360: 8359: 8357: 8355: 8336: 8330: 8329: 8327: 8325: 8310: 8304: 8303: 8301: 8299: 8284: 8278: 8277: 8275: 8273: 8258: 8252: 8251: 8240: 8234: 8233: 8231: 8229: 8210: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8199: 8180: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8164:on 1 August 2017 8160:. Archived from 8150: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8139: 8118: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8102:on 1 August 2017 8088: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8062: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8051: 8031: 8025: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8001: 7995: 7994: 7992: 7990: 7975:"NO ONE IS SAFE" 7971: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7941: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7930: 7911: 7905: 7904: 7902: 7900: 7881: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7851: 7845: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7825: 7819: 7818: 7816: 7814: 7799: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7788: 7773: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7762: 7747: 7741: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7730: 7719: 7711: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7681: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7659:Voice of America 7651: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7621: 7615: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7591: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7580: 7561: 7555: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7541:. 20 July 2020. 7531: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7500: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7474: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7464: 7439: 7433: 7432: 7430: 7429: 7410: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7400: 7381: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7370: 7351: 7345: 7339: 7333: 7332: 7331:on 27 June 2011. 7327:. Archived from 7320: 7314: 7311: 7305: 7302: 7296: 7293: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7282: 7273:. Archived from 7263: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7240:. 6 March 2002. 7230: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7220: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7191: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7132: 7113: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7103: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7074: 7057:اتكلمي – سبيك أب 7051: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7041: 7013: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7002: 6987: 6981: 6980: 6974: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6942: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6888: 6882: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6869:. Archived from 6859: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6833: 6827: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6787: 6778: 6777: 6775: 6773: 6754: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6734:. Archived from 6724: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6694: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6684: 6664: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6654: 6635: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6625: 6606: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6591: 6572: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6562: 6547: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6537: 6526:www.facebook.com 6518: 6512: 6511: 6510: 6509: 6492: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6482: 6455: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6445: 6430: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6405: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6380: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6350: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6319: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6277: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6248: 6239:. Archived from 6233: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6213:. Archived from 6203: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6193: 6184:. Archived from 6178: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6148: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6108: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6059: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6029: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6018: 5999: 5993: 5981: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5971: 5951: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5941: 5926: 5917: 5916: 5914: 5913: 5897: 5888: 5887: 5885: 5884: 5864: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5845:. IRINNews.org. 5838: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5812: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5752: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5732:. Archived from 5721: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5691: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5626: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5539: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5453:Peoples Dispatch 5445: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5415: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5355: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5192: 5185: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5147: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5070: 5059: 5051: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5021: 5015: 5014: 5012: 5010: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4901: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4871: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4821:. 27 July 2020. 4811: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4791:. 15 July 2020. 4781: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4761:. 30 June 2020. 4751: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4721: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4611:. 23 June 2020. 4601: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4444: 4435:. 6 March 2017. 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4405:. 13 July 2016. 4395: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4385: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4310:Freedomhouse.org 4302: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4286:on 19 April 2008 4282:. Archived from 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4246: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4221:Freedomhouse.org 4213: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4148: 4120: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4090: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4011: 3992: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3902: 3893: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3869: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3839: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3806: 3790: 3783:As of January 1. 3782: 3774: 3738: 3733: 3732: 3731: 3296: 3287: 3286: 3284:are as follows: 2372:Political Rights 2365: 2356: 2355: 1965:On 18 May 2020, 1916:According to an 1706:Cairo University 1610:forced marriages 1563:Kosheh massacres 1545:Hudson Institute 1444:Kingdom of Egypt 1351:prison, west of 1305: 1301: 1259:arbitrary arrest 1200:Washington, D.C. 1099:Al Youm Al Sabea 1018: 956:Hazem El Beblawi 879: 771:State Department 556: 549: 542: 527: 526: 489: 429: 364: 218: 210: 200: 190: 183: 182: 176: 169: 158: 155: 149: 125: 124: 117: 110: 107: 101: 78: 70: 59: 37: 36: 29: 21: 12776: 12775: 12771: 12770: 12769: 12767: 12766: 12765: 12746: 12745: 12744: 12739: 12683: 12674:Public holidays 12664:National anthem 12517: 12430:Coptic Churches 12373:Egyptian Arabic 12283:Medical schools 12185: 12168: 12084:Nuclear program 11996: 11979: 11909:Nationality law 11902:Supreme Council 11887:Law enforcement 11819: 11802: 11778:Sinai Peninsula 11761:Red Sea Riviera 11660: 11639: 11615: 11517: 11404:1919 revolution 11392:Revolt of Cairo 11317:Ayyubid dynasty 11295:Tulunid dynasty 11179: 11166: 11160: 11130: 11125: 10974: 10969: 10939: 10934: 10906: 10874: 10865: 10846:Northern Cyprus 10832: 10825: 10567: 10562: 10532: 10527: 10526: 10516: 10499: 10486: 10477: 10458: 10456: 10449: 10433: 10431: 10424: 10143: 10138: 10108: 10103: 10052: 10027: 9948: 9918: 9899:Status of women 9894:Right to health 9793: 9694:Iraqi Kurdistan 9645:Northern Cyprus 9621: 9616: 9532: 9493: 9491:Further reading 9488: 9478: 9476: 9471:. 6 July 2022. 9463: 9462: 9458: 9451: 9447: 9438: 9436: 9422: 9418: 9409: 9407: 9393: 9389: 9380: 9378: 9364: 9360: 9351: 9349: 9335: 9331: 9322: 9320: 9306: 9302: 9293: 9291: 9277: 9273: 9264: 9262: 9248: 9244: 9235: 9233: 9219: 9215: 9206: 9204: 9190: 9186: 9177: 9175: 9161: 9157: 9148: 9146: 9132: 9128: 9119: 9117: 9103: 9099: 9090: 9088: 9074: 9070: 9061: 9059: 9058:on 18 July 2012 9045: 9041: 9032: 9030: 9016: 9012: 9003: 9001: 8987: 8983: 8974: 8972: 8958: 8954: 8945: 8943: 8929: 8925: 8916: 8914: 8900: 8896: 8887: 8885: 8871: 8867: 8858: 8856: 8852: 8845: 8836: 8832: 8823: 8821: 8817: 8810: 8801: 8797: 8788: 8786: 8782: 8775: 8766: 8762: 8753: 8751: 8743: 8734: 8730: 8720: 8718: 8705: 8704: 8700: 8690: 8688: 8677: 8673: 8663: 8661: 8650: 8646: 8636: 8634: 8623: 8619: 8609: 8607: 8598: 8597: 8593: 8583: 8581: 8572: 8571: 8567: 8557: 8555: 8544: 8540: 8530: 8528: 8519: 8518: 8514: 8504: 8502: 8495:Financial Times 8489: 8488: 8484: 8474: 8472: 8458: 8457: 8453: 8443: 8441: 8428: 8427: 8423: 8413: 8411: 8398: 8397: 8393: 8383: 8381: 8368: 8367: 8363: 8353: 8351: 8338: 8337: 8333: 8323: 8321: 8320:on May 29, 2019 8312: 8311: 8307: 8297: 8295: 8286: 8285: 8281: 8271: 8269: 8260: 8259: 8255: 8250:. 5 April 2019. 8242: 8241: 8237: 8227: 8225: 8212: 8211: 8207: 8197: 8195: 8182: 8181: 8177: 8167: 8165: 8152: 8151: 8147: 8137: 8135: 8130:. 8 June 2016. 8120: 8119: 8115: 8105: 8103: 8096:EgyptWatch.info 8090: 8089: 8085: 8075: 8073: 8064: 8063: 8059: 8049: 8047: 8032: 8028: 8018: 8016: 8003: 8002: 7998: 7988: 7986: 7973: 7972: 7968: 7958: 7956: 7943: 7942: 7938: 7928: 7926: 7913: 7912: 7908: 7898: 7896: 7883: 7882: 7878: 7868: 7866: 7853: 7852: 7848: 7838: 7836: 7827: 7826: 7822: 7812: 7810: 7801: 7800: 7796: 7786: 7784: 7775: 7774: 7770: 7760: 7758: 7749: 7748: 7744: 7734: 7732: 7728: 7717: 7713: 7712: 7708: 7698: 7696: 7683: 7682: 7678: 7668: 7666: 7653: 7652: 7648: 7638: 7636: 7623: 7622: 7618: 7608: 7606: 7593: 7592: 7588: 7578: 7576: 7563: 7562: 7558: 7548: 7546: 7533: 7532: 7528: 7518: 7516: 7501: 7497: 7487: 7485: 7476: 7475: 7471: 7462: 7460: 7440: 7436: 7427: 7425: 7412: 7411: 7407: 7398: 7396: 7383: 7382: 7378: 7368: 7366: 7353: 7352: 7348: 7340: 7336: 7321: 7317: 7312: 7308: 7303: 7299: 7294: 7290: 7280: 7278: 7265: 7264: 7257: 7247: 7245: 7232: 7231: 7227: 7218: 7216: 7203: 7202: 7198: 7189: 7187: 7174: 7173: 7169: 7159: 7157: 7144: 7143: 7139: 7130: 7128: 7115: 7114: 7110: 7101: 7099: 7086: 7085: 7081: 7072: 7070: 7053: 7052: 7048: 7039: 7037: 7014: 7010: 7000: 6998: 6989: 6988: 6984: 6968: 6967: 6960: 6958: 6943: 6939: 6929: 6927: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6903: 6901: 6890: 6889: 6885: 6876: 6874: 6861: 6860: 6856: 6846: 6844: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6824:Wayback Machine 6815: 6811: 6801: 6799: 6788: 6781: 6771: 6769: 6756: 6755: 6751: 6741: 6739: 6728:"Lost redirect" 6726: 6725: 6721: 6711: 6709: 6696: 6695: 6691: 6682: 6680: 6665: 6661: 6652: 6650: 6637: 6636: 6632: 6623: 6621: 6608: 6607: 6598: 6589: 6587: 6574: 6573: 6569: 6560: 6558: 6549: 6548: 6544: 6535: 6533: 6520: 6519: 6515: 6507: 6505: 6494: 6493: 6489: 6480: 6478: 6463:Washington Post 6457: 6456: 6452: 6443: 6441: 6432: 6431: 6427: 6418: 6416: 6407: 6406: 6402: 6393: 6391: 6382: 6381: 6377: 6367: 6365: 6352: 6351: 6347: 6337: 6335: 6320: 6313: 6304: 6302: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6275: 6273: 6260: 6259: 6255: 6246: 6244: 6235: 6234: 6230: 6220: 6218: 6205: 6204: 6200: 6191: 6189: 6180: 6179: 6175: 6165: 6163: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6135: 6133: 6126:Christian Today 6120: 6119: 6115: 6106: 6104: 6091: 6090: 6086: 6076: 6074: 6061: 6060: 6056: 6046: 6044: 6031: 6030: 6026: 6016: 6014: 6001: 6000: 5996: 5991:Wayback Machine 5982: 5978: 5969: 5967: 5952: 5948: 5939: 5937: 5928: 5927: 5920: 5911: 5909: 5898: 5891: 5882: 5880: 5865: 5861: 5852: 5850: 5839: 5835: 5825: 5823: 5814: 5813: 5809: 5799: 5797: 5784: 5783: 5779: 5769: 5767: 5754: 5753: 5749: 5739: 5737: 5730:Al-Ahram Weekly 5722: 5718: 5708: 5706: 5693: 5692: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5658: 5657: 5653: 5643: 5641: 5628: 5627: 5623: 5613: 5611: 5602: 5601: 5597: 5587: 5585: 5572: 5571: 5567: 5557: 5555: 5540: 5527: 5517: 5515: 5507: 5506: 5502: 5492: 5490: 5477: 5476: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5432: 5430: 5417: 5416: 5412: 5402: 5400: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5372: 5370: 5357: 5356: 5352: 5342: 5340: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5305:. 20 May 2021. 5297: 5296: 5292: 5282: 5280: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5252: 5250: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5183: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5149: 5148: 5144: 5134: 5132: 5119: 5118: 5114: 5104: 5102: 5089: 5088: 5084: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5057: 5053: 5052: 5048: 5038: 5036: 5023: 5022: 5018: 5008: 5006: 4993: 4992: 4988: 4978: 4976: 4963: 4962: 4958: 4948: 4946: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4918: 4916: 4903: 4902: 4898: 4888: 4886: 4873: 4872: 4868: 4858: 4856: 4843: 4842: 4838: 4828: 4826: 4813: 4812: 4808: 4798: 4796: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4768: 4766: 4753: 4752: 4748: 4738: 4736: 4723: 4722: 4718: 4708: 4706: 4699:Washington Post 4693: 4692: 4688: 4678: 4676: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4648: 4646: 4633: 4632: 4628: 4618: 4616: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4588: 4586: 4573: 4572: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4498: 4496: 4481: 4477: 4467: 4465: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4442: 4440: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4412: 4410: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4383: 4381: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4357: 4355: 4346: 4345: 4341: 4336: 4329: 4319: 4317: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4289: 4287: 4278: 4277: 4273: 4263: 4261: 4248: 4247: 4240: 4230: 4228: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4160: 4159: 4155: 4146: 4144: 4121: 4117: 4107: 4105: 4092: 4091: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4040: 4038: 4023: 4019: 4009: 4007: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3950: 3948: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3904: 3903: 3896: 3886: 3884: 3877:The Independent 3871: 3870: 3866: 3856: 3854: 3841: 3840: 3833: 3823: 3821: 3816:. 24 May 2020. 3808: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3767: 3734: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3706: 3684:United Nations 3665:United Nations 3646:United Nations 3627:United Nations 3608:United Nations 3589:United Nations 3570:United Nations 3551:United Nations 3532:United Nations 3513:United Nations 3494:United Nations 3475:United Nations 3456:United Nations 3437:United Nations 3418:United Nations 3399:United Nations 3380:United Nations 3361:United Nations 3342:United Nations 3278: 2377:Civil Liberties 2343: 2275:Financial Times 2263: 2250: 2236:, according to 2215:Scorpion Prison 2207:Sinai Peninsula 2154: 2148: 2112: 1978:Moustafa Kassem 1936:Welcome parades 1895: 1855: 1797: 1791: 1760: 1754:in the second. 1682: 1676: 1674:Status of women 1565: 1559: 1553: 1442:. In 1925, the 1381: 1367: 1361: 1330: 1303: 1299: 1298:imposed was of 1016: 874: 764: 763: 733: 723: 712:In March 2023, 640: 560: 528: 521: 487: 468:Law enforcement 427: 362: 216: 198: 188: 177: 166: 165: 164: 159: 153: 150: 139: 126: 122: 111: 105: 102: 92: 79: 38: 34: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12774: 12764: 12763: 12758: 12741: 12740: 12738: 12737: 12727: 12717: 12707: 12696: 12693: 12692: 12689: 12688: 12685: 12684: 12682: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12650: 12649: 12644: 12639: 12634: 12624: 12619: 12618: 12617: 12612: 12610:Football clubs 12602: 12601: 12600: 12595: 12585: 12580: 12579: 12578: 12573: 12563: 12558: 12553: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12527: 12525: 12519: 12518: 12516: 12515: 12510: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12489: 12488: 12483: 12482: 12481: 12471: 12470: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12434: 12433: 12432: 12427: 12417: 12412: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12386: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12365: 12360: 12359: 12358: 12353: 12343: 12338: 12337: 12336: 12331: 12321: 12320: 12319: 12309: 12308: 12307: 12297: 12296: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12265: 12260: 12255: 12254: 12253: 12248: 12243: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12206:Animal welfare 12203: 12197: 12195: 12187: 12186: 12174: 12173: 12170: 12169: 12167: 12166: 12165: 12164: 12154: 12153: 12152: 12147: 12142: 12132: 12131: 12130: 12120: 12119: 12118: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12097: 12096: 12089:Power stations 12086: 12081: 12080: 12079: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12037:Egyptian pound 12034: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12018: 12017: 12007: 12001: 11998: 11997: 11985: 11984: 11981: 11980: 11978: 11977: 11972: 11971: 11970: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11949: 11948: 11941:Prime Minister 11938: 11937: 11936: 11926: 11921: 11916: 11911: 11906: 11905: 11904: 11894: 11889: 11884: 11879: 11874: 11873: 11872: 11862: 11857: 11852: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11836: 11835: 11824: 11821: 11820: 11808: 11807: 11804: 11803: 11801: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11774: 11773: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11746:Northern coast 11743: 11738: 11737: 11736: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11665: 11662: 11661: 11649: 11648: 11645: 11644: 11641: 11640: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11623: 11621: 11617: 11616: 11614: 11613: 11608: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11587: 11586: 11581: 11576: 11566: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11525: 11523: 11519: 11518: 11516: 11515: 11514: 11513: 11512: 11511: 11506: 11496: 11491: 11490: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11477:Yom Kippur War 11469: 11468: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11432: 11431: 11430: 11429: 11428: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11407: 11406: 11396: 11395: 11394: 11379: 11378: 11377: 11376: 11375: 11370: 11360: 11355: 11345: 11344: 11343: 11333: 11332: 11331: 11330: 11329: 11319: 11314: 11313: 11312: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11272: 11267: 11266: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11245: 11244: 11243: 11238: 11228: 11227: 11226: 11221: 11211: 11210: 11209: 11199: 11193: 11191: 11181: 11180: 11168: 11167: 11159: 11158: 11151: 11144: 11136: 11127: 11126: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11112:United Kingdom 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11089: 11084: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10976: 10975: 10968: 10967: 10960: 10953: 10945: 10936: 10935: 10933: 10932: 10922: 10911: 10908: 10907: 10905: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10878: 10876: 10867: 10866: 10864: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10837: 10835: 10827: 10826: 10824: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10577: 10575: 10569: 10568: 10561: 10560: 10553: 10546: 10538: 10529: 10528: 10525: 10524: 10522:Western Sahara 10519: 10502: 10489: 10480: 10466:Canary Islands 10462: 10461: 10459: 10454: 10451: 10450: 10448: 10447: 10442: 10436: 10434: 10429: 10426: 10425: 10423: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10151: 10149: 10145: 10144: 10137: 10136: 10129: 10122: 10114: 10105: 10104: 10102: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10060: 10058: 10054: 10053: 10051: 10050: 10041: 10039: 10033: 10032: 10029: 10028: 10026: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10003:APDWRSA (2007) 10000: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9956: 9954: 9950: 9949: 9947: 9946: 9941: 9935: 9933: 9926: 9920: 9919: 9917: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9880: 9879: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9843: 9842: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9801: 9799: 9795: 9794: 9792: 9791: 9790: 9789: 9779: 9778: 9777: 9767: 9762: 9761: 9760: 9755: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9709: 9708: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9671: 9670: 9669: 9664: 9654: 9649: 9648: 9647: 9637: 9631: 9629: 9623: 9622: 9615: 9614: 9607: 9600: 9592: 9586: 9585: 9576: 9567: 9558: 9553: 9547: 9538: 9531: 9530:External links 9528: 9527: 9526: 9517: 9507:(2): 285–300. 9492: 9489: 9487: 9486: 9456: 9445: 9425:United Nations 9416: 9396:United Nations 9387: 9367:United Nations 9358: 9338:United Nations 9329: 9309:United Nations 9300: 9280:United Nations 9271: 9251:United Nations 9242: 9222:United Nations 9213: 9193:United Nations 9184: 9164:United Nations 9155: 9135:United Nations 9126: 9106:United Nations 9097: 9077:United Nations 9068: 9048:United Nations 9039: 9019:United Nations 9010: 8990:United Nations 8981: 8961:United Nations 8952: 8932:United Nations 8923: 8903:United Nations 8894: 8874:United Nations 8865: 8830: 8795: 8760: 8728: 8707:"Egypt Papers" 8698: 8671: 8644: 8617: 8591: 8565: 8538: 8512: 8482: 8463:Events of 2018 8451: 8421: 8391: 8361: 8331: 8305: 8279: 8253: 8235: 8205: 8175: 8145: 8113: 8083: 8057: 8026: 7996: 7966: 7936: 7906: 7876: 7846: 7820: 7794: 7768: 7742: 7706: 7676: 7646: 7616: 7586: 7556: 7526: 7495: 7469: 7445:(2019-09-23). 7434: 7420:. 2018-03-12. 7405: 7376: 7346: 7334: 7315: 7306: 7297: 7288: 7255: 7225: 7196: 7182:. 2016-04-01. 7167: 7137: 7108: 7094:. 2020-11-23. 7079: 7065:. 2022-12-13. 7046: 7008: 6982: 6937: 6911: 6883: 6854: 6828: 6809: 6779: 6749: 6719: 6689: 6659: 6645:. 2016-09-25. 6630: 6616:. 2021-04-12. 6596: 6576:"Twitter post" 6567: 6553:. 2021-05-08. 6542: 6513: 6487: 6450: 6436:. 2020-06-29. 6425: 6400: 6375: 6345: 6311: 6282: 6253: 6228: 6198: 6173: 6143: 6113: 6099:. March 2017. 6084: 6054: 6024: 5994: 5976: 5946: 5918: 5889: 5859: 5833: 5822:on 18 May 2010 5807: 5777: 5747: 5716: 5681: 5651: 5621: 5595: 5565: 5525: 5500: 5470: 5440: 5410: 5380: 5350: 5320: 5290: 5260: 5230: 5204: 5172: 5142: 5112: 5082: 5046: 5016: 4986: 4956: 4926: 4896: 4866: 4836: 4806: 4776: 4746: 4716: 4686: 4669:Deutsche Welle 4656: 4626: 4596: 4566: 4536: 4506: 4475: 4449: 4420: 4403:New York Times 4390: 4365: 4339: 4327: 4297: 4271: 4238: 4208: 4183: 4153: 4115: 4078: 4048: 4017: 3987: 3957: 3927: 3894: 3864: 3831: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3793: 3792:interpolation. 3784: 3776: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3723: 3720: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3524: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3429: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3322:United Nations 3319: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3292: 3291: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3165: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3148: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3131: 3130: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3112: 3111: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3059: 3055: 3054: 3053:Hosni Mubarak 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3038: 3037: 3036:Hosni Mubarak 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3021: 3020: 3019:Hosni Mubarak 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3004: 3003: 3002:Hosni Mubarak 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2987: 2986: 2985:Hosni Mubarak 2983: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2970: 2969: 2968:Hosni Mubarak 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2952: 2951:Hosni Mubarak 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2934:Hosni Mubarak 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2917:Hosni Mubarak 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2900:Hosni Mubarak 2898: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2885: 2884: 2883:Hosni Mubarak 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2866:Hosni Mubarak 2864: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2849:Hosni Mubarak 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2834: 2833: 2832:Hosni Mubarak 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2815:Hosni Mubarak 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2798:Hosni Mubarak 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2783: 2782: 2781:Hosni Mubarak 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2765: 2764:Hosni Mubarak 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2749: 2748: 2747:Hosni Mubarak 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2732: 2731: 2730:Hosni Mubarak 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2714: 2713:Hosni Mubarak 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2697: 2696:Hosni Mubarak 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2680: 2679:Hosni Mubarak 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2663: 2662:Hosni Mubarak 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2646: 2645:Hosni Mubarak 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2628:Hosni Mubarak 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2611:Hosni Mubarak 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2594:Hosni Mubarak 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2579: 2578: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2543: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2407: 2406: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2388: 2387: 2382: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2361: 2360: 2342: 2339: 2262: 2259: 2249: 2246: 2181:Hisham Barakat 2147: 2144: 2116:New York Times 2111: 2108: 2068:Mohamed Soltan 1997:United Nations 1894: 1891: 1854: 1851: 1793:Main article: 1790: 1787: 1759: 1756: 1680:Women in Egypt 1678:Main article: 1675: 1672: 1555:Main article: 1552: 1549: 1422:for those who 1363:Main article: 1360: 1357: 1338:New York Times 1329: 1326: 1313: 1312: 1295: 1294: 1271:Mohamed Soltan 1157:United Kingdom 1130:United Nations 960:Rabaa massacre 951:Mohamed Soltan 867: 866: 790:In July 2016, 750:Following the 722: 719: 639: 636: 562: 561: 559: 558: 551: 544: 536: 533: 532: 518: 517: 516: 515: 513:Transportation 510: 505: 500: 492: 491: 483: 482: 481: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 432: 431: 423: 422: 421: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 367: 366: 358: 357: 356: 355: 350: 349: 348: 343: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 282: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 251: 246: 241: 240: 239: 229: 221: 220: 212: 211: 203: 202: 194: 193: 179: 178: 161: 160: 129: 127: 120: 113: 112: 82: 80: 73: 68: 42: 41: 39: 32: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12773: 12762: 12759: 12757: 12754: 12753: 12751: 12736: 12728: 12726: 12718: 12716: 12712: 12708: 12706: 12698: 12697: 12694: 12680: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12648: 12645: 12643: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12629: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12607: 12606: 12603: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12590: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12568: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12536:Art (ancient) 12534: 12532: 12529: 12528: 12526: 12524: 12520: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12487: 12484: 12480: 12477: 12476: 12475: 12472: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12454: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12422: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12415:Blasphemy law 12413: 12411: 12408: 12407: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12384: 12383:Sign Language 12381: 12379: 12378:Saʽidi Arabic 12376: 12374: 12371: 12370: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12348: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12326: 12325: 12322: 12318: 12315: 12314: 12313: 12310: 12306: 12303: 12302: 12301: 12298: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12270: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12259: 12256: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12238: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12198: 12196: 12192: 12188: 12184: 12179: 12175: 12163: 12160: 12159: 12158: 12155: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12137: 12136: 12133: 12129: 12126: 12125: 12124: 12121: 12117: 12114: 12113: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12095: 12092: 12091: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12078: 12075: 12074: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12016: 12015:National Bank 12013: 12012: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12002: 11999: 11995: 11990: 11986: 11976: 11973: 11969: 11966: 11965: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11947: 11944: 11943: 11942: 11939: 11935: 11932: 11931: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11910: 11907: 11903: 11900: 11899: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11878: 11875: 11871: 11868: 11867: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11834: 11831: 11830: 11829: 11826: 11825: 11822: 11818: 11813: 11809: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11772: 11769: 11768: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11735: 11732: 11731: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11666: 11663: 11659: 11654: 11650: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11618: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11571: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11526: 11524: 11520: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11501: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11474: 11473: 11470: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11442: 11441: 11438: 11437: 11436: 11433: 11427: 11424: 11423: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11405: 11402: 11401: 11400: 11397: 11393: 11390: 11389: 11388: 11385: 11384: 11383: 11380: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11365: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11350: 11349: 11346: 11342: 11341:Ottoman Egypt 11339: 11338: 11337: 11334: 11328: 11325: 11324: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11311: 11308: 11307: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11277: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11250: 11249: 11246: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11233: 11232: 11229: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11216: 11215: 11212: 11208: 11205: 11204: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11194: 11192: 11190: 11186: 11182: 11178: 11173: 11169: 11164: 11157: 11152: 11150: 11145: 11143: 11138: 11137: 11134: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11117:United States 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10977: 10973: 10966: 10961: 10959: 10954: 10952: 10947: 10946: 10943: 10931: 10927: 10923: 10921: 10913: 10912: 10909: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10879: 10877: 10872: 10868: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10856:South Ossetia 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10838: 10836: 10834: 10828: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10578: 10576: 10574: 10570: 10566: 10559: 10554: 10552: 10547: 10545: 10540: 10539: 10536: 10523: 10520: 10514: 10510: 10506: 10503: 10497: 10493: 10490: 10484: 10481: 10475: 10471: 10467: 10464: 10463: 10460: 10452: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10437: 10435: 10427: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10270:Guinea-Bissau 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10146: 10142: 10135: 10130: 10128: 10123: 10121: 10116: 10115: 10112: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10061: 10059: 10055: 10049: 10046: 10045:Saudi Arabia: 10043: 10042: 10040: 10038: 10034: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9995:Saudi Arabia: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9951: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9936: 9934: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9921: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9878: 9875: 9874: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9857:Kafala system 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9841: 9838: 9837: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9802: 9800: 9796: 9788: 9785: 9784: 9783: 9780: 9776: 9773: 9772: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9750: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9707: 9704: 9703: 9702: 9699: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9676: 9675: 9672: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9659: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9646: 9643: 9642: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9632: 9630: 9628: 9624: 9620: 9613: 9608: 9606: 9601: 9599: 9594: 9593: 9590: 9584: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9574:Freedom House 9571: 9568: 9566: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9533: 9525: 9522: 9518: 9514: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9501: 9495: 9494: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9460: 9454: 9449: 9434: 9430: 9426: 9420: 9406:on 2012-07-18 9405: 9401: 9397: 9391: 9377:on 2012-08-21 9376: 9372: 9368: 9362: 9347: 9343: 9339: 9333: 9318: 9314: 9310: 9304: 9290:on 2013-12-13 9289: 9285: 9281: 9275: 9261:on 2016-04-25 9260: 9256: 9252: 9246: 9232:on 2011-05-20 9231: 9227: 9223: 9217: 9202: 9198: 9194: 9188: 9173: 9169: 9165: 9159: 9144: 9140: 9136: 9130: 9115: 9111: 9107: 9101: 9086: 9082: 9078: 9072: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9043: 9029:on 2012-10-20 9028: 9024: 9020: 9014: 9000:on 2012-10-21 8999: 8995: 8991: 8985: 8970: 8966: 8962: 8956: 8941: 8937: 8933: 8927: 8912: 8908: 8904: 8898: 8883: 8879: 8875: 8869: 8851: 8844: 8840: 8839:Freedom House 8834: 8816: 8809: 8805: 8804:Freedom House 8799: 8781: 8774: 8770: 8769:Freedom House 8764: 8749: 8742: 8738: 8737:Freedom House 8732: 8716: 8712: 8708: 8702: 8686: 8682: 8675: 8659: 8655: 8648: 8632: 8628: 8621: 8605: 8601: 8595: 8579: 8575: 8569: 8553: 8549: 8542: 8526: 8522: 8516: 8500: 8496: 8492: 8486: 8470: 8466: 8465: 8462: 8455: 8439: 8435: 8431: 8425: 8409: 8405: 8401: 8395: 8379: 8375: 8371: 8365: 8349: 8345: 8341: 8335: 8319: 8315: 8309: 8293: 8289: 8283: 8267: 8263: 8257: 8249: 8245: 8239: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8209: 8193: 8189: 8188:Alaraby.co.uk 8185: 8179: 8163: 8159: 8155: 8149: 8133: 8129: 8128: 8123: 8117: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8087: 8071: 8067: 8061: 8045: 8041: 8037: 8030: 8014: 8010: 8006: 8000: 7984: 7980: 7976: 7970: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7940: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7910: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7880: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7850: 7834: 7830: 7824: 7808: 7804: 7798: 7782: 7778: 7772: 7756: 7752: 7746: 7727: 7723: 7716: 7710: 7694: 7690: 7686: 7680: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7650: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7620: 7604: 7600: 7599:Deccan Herald 7596: 7590: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7560: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7530: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7499: 7483: 7479: 7473: 7458: 7454: 7453: 7448: 7444: 7438: 7423: 7419: 7415: 7409: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7380: 7365:on 2006-05-07 7364: 7360: 7356: 7350: 7343: 7338: 7330: 7326: 7319: 7310: 7301: 7292: 7277:on 2012-10-12 7276: 7272: 7268: 7262: 7260: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7229: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7200: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7171: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7112: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7083: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7058: 7050: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7019: 7012: 6996: 6992: 6986: 6978: 6972: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6941: 6925: 6921: 6915: 6899: 6895: 6894: 6887: 6873:on 2017-10-25 6872: 6868: 6864: 6858: 6842: 6838: 6832: 6825: 6821: 6818: 6813: 6797: 6793: 6786: 6784: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6753: 6738:on 2007-02-12 6737: 6733: 6729: 6723: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6693: 6678: 6674: 6670: 6663: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6634: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6571: 6556: 6552: 6546: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6517: 6503: 6499: 6498: 6491: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6454: 6439: 6435: 6429: 6414: 6410: 6404: 6389: 6385: 6379: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6349: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6318: 6316: 6301:on 2016-06-05 6300: 6296: 6292: 6286: 6272:on 2016-06-12 6271: 6267: 6263: 6257: 6243:on 2006-09-05 6242: 6238: 6232: 6217:on 2012-10-17 6216: 6212: 6208: 6202: 6188:on 2006-10-04 6187: 6183: 6177: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6117: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6088: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6058: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6028: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5998: 5992: 5988: 5985: 5980: 5966:on 2008-02-15 5965: 5961: 5959: 5950: 5936:on 2006-12-27 5935: 5931: 5925: 5923: 5908:on 2007-02-09 5907: 5903: 5896: 5894: 5878: 5874: 5873:] rights" 5872: 5863: 5848: 5844: 5837: 5821: 5817: 5811: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5781: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5751: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5720: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5655: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5625: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5569: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5514: 5510: 5504: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5444: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5414: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5384: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5354: 5338: 5335:. June 2021. 5334: 5330: 5324: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5294: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5264: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5234: 5218: 5214: 5208: 5189: 5182: 5176: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5146: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5116: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5086: 5067: 5063: 5056: 5050: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5020: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4990: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4960: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4900: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4870: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4840: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4810: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4780: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4750: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4720: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4690: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4660: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4630: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4600: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4479: 4463: 4459: 4453: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4424: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4379: 4375: 4369: 4353: 4349: 4343: 4334: 4332: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4285: 4281: 4275: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4245: 4243: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4212: 4197: 4193: 4187: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4157: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4119: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4052: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4021: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3991: 3975: 3971: 3970:Freedom House 3967: 3961: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3931: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3901: 3899: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3838: 3836: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3805: 3801: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3768: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3726: 3719: 3717: 3716: 3710: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3302:Organization 3301: 3298: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3091: 3090:Mohamed Morsi 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2577: 2576:Hosni Mubarak 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2351:Freedom House 2348: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2308:in Washington 2307: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2288: 2283: 2281: 2280:Wael Iskandar 2277: 2276: 2270: 2268: 2258: 2255: 2245: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2223: 2218: 2216: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2143: 2140: 2136: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2119: 2117: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2072: 2069: 2063: 2061: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2033: 2028: 2026: 2021: 2020:Giulio Regeni 2016: 2012: 2009: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1931: 1926: 1924: 1923:Hosni Mubarak 1919: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1900: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1850: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1796: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1775: 1769: 1765: 1762:In 2013, the 1755: 1753: 1749: 1748:Nadeen Ashraf 1745: 1744:BBC 100 Women 1740: 1736: 1733: 1728: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1709: 1707: 1702: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1681: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1633: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1564: 1558: 1548: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1508:Islamic State 1504: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1488:Hosni Mubarak 1483: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1420:death penalty 1417: 1413: 1409: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1366: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1343: 1342:Ayman Hadhoud 1339: 1334: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1310: 1309: 1308: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1236: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1221:In May 2021, 1219: 1217: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1194:US President 1192: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1088:intellectuals 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1041:Hosni Mubarak 1038: 1033: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1014: 1009: 1007: 1002: 997: 995: 991: 987: 982: 980: 976: 973:citizens and 972: 971:United States 968: 963: 961: 957: 952: 945: 940: 936: 933: 928: 925: 921: 916: 914: 910: 909:demonstrators 906: 902: 898: 893: 891: 887: 883: 877: 872: 864: 863: 862: 859: 858: 852: 850: 846: 841: 837: 835: 831: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 807: 805: 802:. Before her 801: 797: 793: 788: 786: 782: 781: 776: 775:Mohamed Morsi 772: 766: 759: 757: 756:Tim Sebastian 753: 748: 746: 742: 738: 737:Freedom House 732: 728: 718: 715: 710: 707: 702: 700: 695: 692: 687: 682: 680: 675: 673: 668: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 645: 644:Freedom House 635: 633: 632:Mohamed Morsi 629: 624: 622: 617: 613: 609: 604: 602: 597: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 557: 552: 550: 545: 543: 538: 537: 535: 534: 531: 525: 520: 519: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 495: 494: 493: 490: 485: 484: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 435: 434: 433: 430: 425: 424: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 370: 369: 368: 365: 360: 359: 354: 351: 347: 344: 342: 339: 338: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 256: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 238: 235: 234: 233: 230: 228: 225: 224: 223: 222: 219: 214: 213: 209: 205: 204: 201: 199:Life in Egypt 196: 195: 191: 185: 184: 175: 172: 157: 147: 143: 137: 135: 130:This article 128: 119: 118: 109: 99: 95: 90: 86: 83:This article 81: 77: 72: 71: 66: 64: 57: 56: 51: 50: 45: 40: 31: 30: 27: 19: 12561:Coat of arms 12531:Architecture 12420:Christianity 12400:Prostitution 12346:Human rights 12345: 12305:Abaza family 12293:Universities 12258:Demographics 12211:Billionaires 11855:Constitution 11850:Conscription 11833:Governorates 11714:Halfaya Pass 11584:1954–present 11544:Constitution 11499:2010s Crisis 11411:World War II 11373:Urabi revolt 11290:Islamization 11224:31st Dynasty 11219:27th Dynasty 11082:South Africa 10871:Dependencies 10801:Turkmenistan 10766:Saudi Arabia 10635: 10505:Saint Helena 10476: 10380:South Africa 10370:Sierra Leone 10224: 10175:Burkina Faso 10044: 10023:ALQST (2014) 10018:ESOHR (2013) 10008:ACPRA (2009) 9994: 9877:Antisemitism 9743:Saudi Arabia 9706:Palestinians 9667:Islamic Iran 9662:Pahlavi Iran 9651: 9520: 9504: 9498: 9477:. Retrieved 9468: 9459: 9448: 9437:. Retrieved 9433:the original 9419: 9408:. Retrieved 9404:the original 9390: 9379:. Retrieved 9375:the original 9361: 9350:. Retrieved 9346:the original 9332: 9321:. Retrieved 9317:the original 9303: 9292:. Retrieved 9288:the original 9274: 9263:. Retrieved 9259:the original 9245: 9234:. Retrieved 9230:the original 9216: 9205:. Retrieved 9201:the original 9187: 9176:. Retrieved 9172:the original 9158: 9147:. Retrieved 9143:the original 9129: 9118:. Retrieved 9114:the original 9100: 9089:. Retrieved 9085:the original 9071: 9060:. Retrieved 9056:the original 9042: 9031:. Retrieved 9027:the original 9013: 9002:. Retrieved 8998:the original 8984: 8973:. Retrieved 8969:the original 8955: 8944:. Retrieved 8940:the original 8926: 8915:. Retrieved 8911:the original 8897: 8886:. Retrieved 8882:the original 8868: 8857:. Retrieved 8833: 8822:. Retrieved 8798: 8787:. Retrieved 8763: 8752:. Retrieved 8731: 8719:. Retrieved 8710: 8701: 8691:14 September 8689:. Retrieved 8674: 8664:14 September 8662:. Retrieved 8656:. Politico. 8647: 8637:14 September 8635:. Retrieved 8620: 8608:. Retrieved 8594: 8582:. Retrieved 8568: 8556:. Retrieved 8541: 8529:. Retrieved 8525:the original 8515: 8503:. Retrieved 8494: 8485: 8473:. Retrieved 8464: 8460: 8454: 8442:. Retrieved 8433: 8424: 8412:. Retrieved 8403: 8394: 8382:. Retrieved 8373: 8364: 8352:. Retrieved 8343: 8334: 8322:. Retrieved 8318:the original 8308: 8296:. Retrieved 8282: 8270:. Retrieved 8256: 8247: 8238: 8226:. Retrieved 8217: 8208: 8196:. Retrieved 8187: 8178: 8166:. Retrieved 8162:the original 8157: 8148: 8136:. Retrieved 8125: 8116: 8104:. Retrieved 8100:the original 8095: 8086: 8074:. Retrieved 8060: 8048:. Retrieved 8039: 8029: 8017:. Retrieved 8008: 7999: 7987:. Retrieved 7978: 7969: 7957:. Retrieved 7948: 7939: 7927:. Retrieved 7919:The Guardian 7918: 7909: 7897:. Retrieved 7888: 7879: 7867:. Retrieved 7858: 7849: 7837:. Retrieved 7823: 7811:. Retrieved 7797: 7785:. Retrieved 7771: 7759:. Retrieved 7745: 7733:. Retrieved 7721: 7709: 7697:. Retrieved 7688: 7679: 7667:. Retrieved 7658: 7649: 7637:. Retrieved 7628: 7619: 7607:. Retrieved 7598: 7589: 7577:. Retrieved 7568: 7559: 7547:. Retrieved 7538: 7529: 7517:. Retrieved 7508: 7498: 7486:. Retrieved 7472: 7461:. Retrieved 7450: 7437: 7426:. Retrieved 7417: 7408: 7397:. Retrieved 7388: 7379: 7367:. Retrieved 7363:the original 7349: 7341: 7337: 7329:the original 7318: 7309: 7300: 7291: 7279:. Retrieved 7275:the original 7270: 7246:. Retrieved 7237: 7228: 7217:. Retrieved 7208: 7199: 7188:. Retrieved 7179: 7170: 7158:. Retrieved 7149: 7140: 7129:. Retrieved 7120: 7111: 7100:. Retrieved 7091: 7082: 7071:. Retrieved 7062: 7056: 7049: 7038:. Retrieved 7021: 7011: 6999:. Retrieved 6985: 6959:. Retrieved 6950: 6940: 6928:. Retrieved 6914: 6902:. Retrieved 6892: 6886: 6875:. Retrieved 6871:the original 6866: 6857: 6845:. Retrieved 6831: 6812: 6800:. Retrieved 6770:. Retrieved 6752: 6740:. Retrieved 6736:the original 6731: 6722: 6710:. Retrieved 6701: 6692: 6681:. Retrieved 6672: 6662: 6651:. Retrieved 6642: 6633: 6622:. Retrieved 6613: 6588:. Retrieved 6579: 6570: 6559:. Retrieved 6545: 6534:. Retrieved 6525: 6516: 6506:, retrieved 6496: 6490: 6479:. Retrieved 6462: 6453: 6442:. Retrieved 6428: 6417:. Retrieved 6403: 6392:. Retrieved 6378: 6366:. Retrieved 6357: 6348: 6336:. Retrieved 6327: 6303:. Retrieved 6299:the original 6294: 6285: 6274:. Retrieved 6270:the original 6265: 6256: 6245:. Retrieved 6241:the original 6231: 6219:. Retrieved 6215:the original 6210: 6201: 6190:. Retrieved 6186:the original 6176: 6164:. Retrieved 6155: 6146: 6134:. Retrieved 6125: 6116: 6105:. Retrieved 6096: 6087: 6075:. Retrieved 6071:the original 6066: 6057: 6045:. Retrieved 6036: 6027: 6015:. Retrieved 6006: 5997: 5979: 5968:. Retrieved 5964:the original 5957: 5949: 5938:. Retrieved 5934:the original 5910:. Retrieved 5906:the original 5881:. Retrieved 5870: 5862: 5851:. Retrieved 5836: 5824:. Retrieved 5820:the original 5810: 5798:. Retrieved 5789: 5780: 5768:. Retrieved 5759: 5750: 5740:14 September 5738:. Retrieved 5734:the original 5729: 5719: 5707:. Retrieved 5698: 5672:. Retrieved 5663: 5654: 5642:. Retrieved 5633: 5624: 5612:. Retrieved 5598: 5586:. Retrieved 5577: 5568: 5556:. Retrieved 5547: 5516:. Retrieved 5512: 5503: 5491:. Retrieved 5482: 5473: 5461:. Retrieved 5452: 5443: 5431:. Retrieved 5422: 5413: 5401:. Retrieved 5392: 5383: 5371:. Retrieved 5362: 5353: 5341:. Retrieved 5332: 5323: 5311:. Retrieved 5302: 5293: 5281:. Retrieved 5272: 5263: 5251:. Retrieved 5242: 5233: 5221:. Retrieved 5215:. BBC News. 5207: 5195:. Retrieved 5175: 5163:. Retrieved 5154: 5145: 5133:. Retrieved 5124: 5115: 5103:. Retrieved 5094: 5085: 5073:. Retrieved 5061: 5049: 5037:. Retrieved 5028: 5019: 5007:. Retrieved 4998: 4989: 4979:22 September 4977:. Retrieved 4968: 4959: 4947:. Retrieved 4938: 4929: 4917:. Retrieved 4908: 4899: 4887:. Retrieved 4878: 4869: 4857:. Retrieved 4848: 4839: 4827:. Retrieved 4819:The Guardian 4818: 4809: 4797:. Retrieved 4789:The Guardian 4788: 4779: 4767:. Retrieved 4758: 4749: 4737:. Retrieved 4728: 4719: 4707:. Retrieved 4698: 4689: 4677:. Retrieved 4668: 4659: 4647:. Retrieved 4638: 4629: 4617:. Retrieved 4608: 4599: 4587:. Retrieved 4578: 4569: 4557:. Retrieved 4548: 4539: 4527:. Retrieved 4518: 4509: 4497:. Retrieved 4488: 4478: 4466:. Retrieved 4452: 4441:. Retrieved 4432: 4423: 4411:. Retrieved 4402: 4393: 4382:. Retrieved 4368: 4356:. Retrieved 4352:the original 4342: 4318:. Retrieved 4314:the original 4309: 4300: 4288:. Retrieved 4284:the original 4274: 4262:. Retrieved 4253: 4229:. Retrieved 4220: 4211: 4199:. Retrieved 4195: 4186: 4176:21 September 4174:. Retrieved 4165: 4156: 4145:. Retrieved 4128: 4118: 4106:. Retrieved 4097: 4069:. Retrieved 4060: 4051: 4039:. Retrieved 4020: 4008:. Retrieved 3990: 3978:. Retrieved 3960: 3949:, retrieved 3940: 3930: 3918:. Retrieved 3909: 3885:. Retrieved 3876: 3867: 3855:. Retrieved 3846: 3822:. Retrieved 3813: 3804: 3788: 3780: 3772: 3736:Egypt portal 3713: 3711: 3707: 3279: 3109:Adly Mansour 3086:Partly Free 2727:Partly Free 2710:Partly Free 2693:Partly Free 2676:Partly Free 2659:Partly Free 2642:Partly Free 2625:Partly Free 2608:Partly Free 2591:Partly Free 2572:Partly Free 2558:Anwar Sadat 2555:Partly Free 2541:Anwar Sadat 2538:Partly Free 2524:Anwar Sadat 2521:Partly Free 2507:Anwar Sadat 2504:Partly Free 2490:Anwar Sadat 2487:Partly Free 2473:Anwar Sadat 2470:Partly Free 2456:Anwar Sadat 2453:Partly Free 2439:Anwar Sadat 2436:Partly Free 2422:Anwar Sadat 2344: 2331:CAE Aviation 2315: 2311: 2284: 2273: 2272:In 2015 the 2271: 2264: 2251: 2227: 2219: 2211: 2200: 2189: 2170: 2159: 2155: 2132: 2128: 2120: 2113: 2098: 2094: 2086: 2077:The Guardian 2075: 2073: 2064: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2040: 2036: 2029: 2017: 2013: 2005: 1986: 1975: 1964: 1956: 1934: 1927: 1915: 1904: 1896: 1888: 1872: 1856: 1847: 1820: 1813: 1798: 1772: 1767: 1761: 1741: 1737: 1729: 1721: 1710: 1693: 1683: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1628: 1625: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1587:occurred in 1566: 1534:Reportedly, 1533: 1510:against the 1505: 1484: 1468: 1464: 1448:Baháʼí Faith 1432:Christianity 1410: 1397: 1393: 1382: 1349:Borg El Arab 1346: 1335: 1331: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1296: 1283: 1267: 1240: 1220: 1216:human rights 1211:social media 1204: 1193: 1178: 1150: 1142: 1138:Patrick Zaki 1122: 1121:(EIPR). The 1116: 1112: 1108: 1096: 1061: 1055: 1052:Human rights 1045: 1029: 1010: 998: 983: 964: 948: 917: 894: 871:human rights 868: 855: 853: 842: 838: 811: 808: 789: 778: 768: 761: 749: 734: 711: 703: 696: 689: 684: 676: 669: 641: 625: 605: 566: 565: 530:Egypt portal 403:Human rights 402: 388:Demographics 237:Contemporary 227:Architecture 167: 151: 131: 103: 94:You can help 84: 60: 53: 47: 46:Please help 43: 26: 12725:WikiProject 12486:Scientology 12356:LGBT rights 12278:Law schools 12062:Lighthouses 12005:Agriculture 11734:Mount Sinai 11694:Earthquakes 11494:Mubarak era 11465:Six-Day War 11455:Suez Crisis 11450:Land reform 11197:Prehistoric 11072:Philippines 10982:Afghanistan 10930:Asia portal 10831:States with 10751:Philippines 10691:South Korea 10686:North Korea 10581:Afghanistan 10432:recognition 10385:South Sudan 10275:Ivory Coast 10048:NSHR (2004) 9862:LGBT rights 9689:Post-Saddam 9627:Middle East 8721:21 November 8019:21 November 7899:16 February 7669:24 November 7609:6 September 7389:Amnesty.org 7369:1 September 7209:www.dol.gov 7180:www.ilo.org 6847:2 September 6802:2 September 6794:. bmj.com. 6772:2 September 6673:SceneArabia 6338:November 8, 6328:foxnews.com 6097:Amnesty.org 5875:. Reuters. 5403:25 November 5373:15 November 5165:18 December 5135:19 December 5105:27 November 5009:2 September 4949:4 September 4649:7 September 4433:Amnesty.org 3704:Travel Bans 3305:Introduced 2404:Anwar Sadat 2032:Ahmed Douma 1952:Tora Prison 1880:Yusuf Sibai 1875:Anwar Sadat 1789:LGBT rights 1758:Child labor 1752:Gehad Hamdy 1185:Tora prison 1076:journalists 913:protest ban 804:deportation 752:Arab Spring 264:Raqs sharqi 259:Belly dance 12750:Categories 12637:Newspapers 12627:Mass media 12479:Synagogues 12447:Irreligion 12395:Literature 12390:Liberalism 12329:Healthcare 12231:Corruption 11914:Parliament 11845:Corruption 11840:Civil Code 11783:Suez Canal 11741:Nile Delta 11626:Alexandria 11596:Population 11591:Parliament 11559:Healthcare 11440:Nasser era 11214:Achaemenid 11189:Chronology 11092:Tajikistan 11052:Mozambique 10992:Bangladesh 10811:Uzbekistan 10786:Tajikistan 10701:Kyrgyzstan 10681:Kazakhstan 10601:Bangladesh 10591:Azerbaijan 10487:(Portugal) 10445:Somaliland 10365:Seychelles 10330:Mozambique 10315:Mauritania 10300:Madagascar 10255:The Gambia 10190:Cape Verde 10013:SDC (2011) 9840:Irreligion 9684:Ba'ath era 9679:Pre-Saddam 9439:2012-08-29 9410:2012-08-29 9381:2012-08-29 9352:2012-08-29 9323:2012-08-29 9294:2012-08-29 9265:2012-08-29 9236:2012-08-29 9207:2012-08-29 9178:2012-08-29 9149:2012-08-29 9120:2012-08-29 9091:2012-08-29 9062:2012-08-29 9033:2012-08-29 9004:2012-08-29 8975:2012-08-29 8946:2012-08-29 8917:2012-08-29 8888:2012-08-29 8859:2015-03-25 8824:2015-03-25 8789:2015-03-25 8754:2012-08-22 8384:1 December 8354:22 October 8228:15 October 8198:15 October 8168:15 October 8158:ecrfeg.org 8106:15 October 7929:24 January 7699:1 December 7639:4 November 7519:13 January 7463:2019-10-10 7428:2019-11-26 7399:2017-02-26 7359:Al-Jazeera 7248:6 November 7219:2019-11-26 7190:2019-11-26 7160:15 October 7131:2022-12-24 7102:2022-12-24 7073:2022-12-24 7040:2022-12-24 6877:2017-10-24 6683:2021-09-20 6653:2021-09-20 6643:Enterprise 6624:2021-09-20 6590:2021-11-27 6561:2021-09-20 6536:2021-09-20 6508:2021-09-20 6481:2021-09-20 6444:2021-09-20 6419:2020-11-20 6394:2017-12-25 6368:January 1, 6305:2016-06-05 6276:2016-06-05 6247:2006-09-02 6192:2006-09-02 6107:2017-03-12 6077:18 October 6067:Al Arabiya 5970:2008-01-30 5940:2006-12-29 5912:2006-12-16 5883:2008-03-28 5853:2006-10-20 5770:15 October 5674:5 February 5493:1 February 5463:17 January 5125:Al Jazeera 5075:3 November 4529:31 October 4443:2017-03-12 4384:2019-02-11 4358:August 20, 4320:15 October 4264:5 February 4231:15 October 4147:2021-12-23 4108:5 February 4071:5 February 4041:14 January 4010:14 January 3980:14 January 3887:6 December 3824:6 December 3814:Al-Jazeera 3797:References 2298:Jim Mattis 2150:See also: 1973:pandemic. 1942:, blogger 1918:Al-Jazeera 1873:President 1859:Gaza Strip 1840:, and the 1805:Queen Boat 1766:'s report 1589:Alexandria 1561:See also: 1540:Christians 1369:See also: 1353:Alexandria 1257:including 1181:Sanaa Seif 1179:In March, 1176:critics." 1032:Sanaa Seif 927:Sanaa Seif 905:imprisoned 780:Al-Dustour 725:See also: 463:Corruption 448:Parliament 443:Government 438:Presidency 353:Television 306:Literature 154:March 2020 134:unbalanced 106:March 2020 49:improve it 12632:Magazines 12622:Egyptians 12457:Ahmadiyya 12368:Languages 12334:Hospitals 12268:Education 12135:Transport 12094:Aswan Dam 12022:Companies 11963:Terrorism 11929:President 11892:Massacres 11882:Judiciary 11860:Elections 11729:Mountains 11658:Geography 11636:Port Said 11579:1939–1954 11574:1928–1938 11529:Anarchism 11472:Sadat era 11416:Sultanate 11363:Khedivate 11263:Christian 11231:Ptolemaic 11122:Venezuela 10987:Australia 10897:Hong Kong 10851:Palestine 10776:Sri Lanka 10771:Singapore 10651:Indonesia 10320:Mauritius 9990:al-Marsad 9830:Democracy 9733:Palestine 8444:30 August 8076:14 August 7869:8 January 7859:France 24 7579:24 August 7452:Mada Masr 7030:0362-4331 6971:cite news 6471:0190-8286 5826:30 August 5588:16 August 5039:30 August 4919:28 August 4889:25 August 4849:France 24 4413:16 August 4137:0362-4331 3311:Ratified 3262:Not Free 3245:Not Free 3228:Not Free 3211:Not Free 3194:Not Free 3177:Not Free 3160:Not Free 3143:Not Free 3124:Not Free 3105:Not Free 3067:Not Free 3050:Not Free 3033:Not Free 3016:Not Free 2999:Not Free 2982:Not Free 2965:Not Free 2948:Not Free 2931:Not Free 2914:Not Free 2897:Not Free 2880:Not Free 2863:Not Free 2846:Not Free 2829:Not Free 2812:Not Free 2795:Not Free 2778:Not Free 2761:Not Free 2744:Not Free 2419:Not Free 2400:Not Free 2385:President 1884:Abu Nidal 1814:In 2006, 1783:limestone 1730:In 2021, 1577:Al-Kosheh 1573:angry mob 1514:in North 1440:Ahmadiyya 1383:The 2014 1263:detention 1196:Joe Biden 1165:Australia 1080:academics 1043:in 2011. 1017:E£300,000 834:probation 817:activists 642:In 2021, 628:dispersal 383:Education 326:Sculpture 316:Mythology 146:talk page 98:talk page 55:talk page 12705:Category 12669:Olympics 12605:Football 12437:Hinduism 12405:Religion 12312:Feminism 12300:Families 12263:Diaspora 12226:Censuses 12216:Cannabis 12201:Abortion 12145:Airports 12140:Airlines 12116:Internet 11919:Passport 11897:Military 11870:Missions 11817:Politics 11798:Wildlife 11522:By topic 11435:Republic 11270:Sassanid 11097:Thailand 11062:Pakistan 11017:Ethiopia 10920:Category 10841:Abkhazia 10791:Thailand 10746:Pakistan 10726:Mongolia 10721:Maldives 10716:Malaysia 10616:Cambodia 10511: / 10507: / 10500:(France) 10494: / 10472: / 10468: / 10420:Zimbabwe 10395:Tanzania 10245:Ethiopia 10240:Eswatini 10220:Djibouti 10185:Cameroon 10170:Botswana 10057:See also 9975:B'Tselem 9953:National 9932:Pan-Arab 9473:Archived 8850:Archived 8841:(2015). 8815:Archived 8806:(2014). 8780:Archived 8771:(2013). 8748:Archived 8739:(2012). 8715:Archived 8711:Disclose 8685:Archived 8658:Archived 8631:Archived 8610:23 April 8604:Archived 8584:18 April 8578:Archived 8558:18 April 8552:Archived 8531:18 April 8505:19 April 8499:Archived 8475:24 April 8469:Archived 8438:Archived 8414:21 April 8408:Archived 8378:Archived 8348:Archived 8292:Archived 8266:Archived 8222:Archived 8192:Archived 8138:11 April 8132:Archived 8127:Fox News 8070:Archived 8050:8 August 8044:Archived 8013:Archived 7983:Archived 7959:14 March 7953:Archived 7923:Archived 7893:Archived 7863:Archived 7839:9 August 7833:Archived 7813:5 August 7807:Archived 7781:Archived 7755:Archived 7726:Archived 7693:Archived 7689:BBC News 7663:Archived 7633:Archived 7603:Archived 7573:Archived 7543:Archived 7513:Archived 7488:23 March 7482:Archived 7457:Archived 7422:Archived 7393:Archived 7242:Archived 7238:BBC News 7213:Archived 7184:Archived 7154:Archived 7125:Archived 7096:Archived 7092:BBC News 7067:Archived 7034:Archived 6995:Archived 6955:Archived 6930:13 March 6924:Archived 6904:13 March 6898:Archived 6841:Archived 6820:Archived 6796:Archived 6766:Archived 6732:Crlp.org 6712:27 March 6706:Archived 6677:Archived 6647:Archived 6618:Archived 6584:Archived 6555:Archived 6530:Archived 6502:archived 6475:Archived 6438:Archived 6413:Archived 6388:Archived 6362:Archived 6358:BBC News 6332:Archived 6160:Archived 6130:Archived 6101:Archived 6041:Archived 6037:BBC News 6011:Archived 6007:BBC News 5987:Archived 5877:Archived 5847:Archived 5794:Archived 5764:Archived 5703:Archived 5668:Archived 5638:Archived 5608:Archived 5582:Archived 5552:Archived 5518:28 March 5487:Archived 5457:Archived 5433:27 April 5427:Archived 5397:Archived 5367:Archived 5337:Archived 5307:Archived 5283:14 April 5277:Archived 5247:Archived 5223:17 March 5217:Archived 5197:12 March 5188:Archived 5159:Archived 5129:Archived 5099:Archived 5066:Archived 5033:Archived 5003:Archived 4973:Archived 4943:Archived 4913:Archived 4883:Archived 4859:4 August 4853:Archived 4823:Archived 4793:Archived 4763:Archived 4733:Archived 4703:Archived 4673:Archived 4643:Archived 4613:Archived 4589:19 March 4583:Archived 4559:10 March 4553:Archived 4523:Archived 4493:Archived 4468:19 April 4462:Archived 4437:Archived 4407:Archived 4378:Archived 4258:Archived 4225:Archived 4201:28 March 4170:Archived 4141:Archived 4102:Archived 4065:Archived 4035:Archived 4004:Archived 3974:Archived 3945:archived 3914:Archived 3881:Archived 3851:Archived 3818:Archived 3722:See also 2318:Disclose 2306:Pentagon 2139:Facebook 2001:COVID-19 1993:COVID-19 1971:COVID-19 1713:megacity 1581:Al-Ahram 1528:al-Arish 1524:Ismailia 1304:E£10,000 1300:E£10,000 1070:and the 986:Egyptian 830:Egyptian 670:See the 577:and the 458:Military 428:Politics 413:Wildlife 408:Religion 378:Identity 301:Language 296:Holidays 189:a series 12735:Commons 12654:Museums 12598:regions 12566:Cuisine 12551:Castles 12523:Culture 12493:Smoking 12474:Judaism 12462:Mosques 12341:Housing 12288:Schools 12194:General 12183:Society 12123:Tourism 12052:Fishing 12010:Banking 11994:Economy 11719:Islands 11709:Geology 11704:Fossils 11689:Deserts 11684:Climate 11674:Borders 11620:By city 11606:Saladin 11554:Genetic 11534:Capital 11421:Kingdom 11336:Ottoman 11202:Ancient 11177:History 11107:Ukraine 11057:Nigeria 10997:Belarus 10816:Vietnam 10731:Myanmar 10711:Lebanon 10641:Georgia 10596:Bahrain 10586:Armenia 10496:Réunion 10492:Mayotte 10483:Madeira 10478:(Spain) 10474:Melilla 10405:Tunisia 10375:Somalia 10360:Senegal 10345:Nigeria 10335:Namibia 10325:Morocco 10290:Liberia 10285:Lesotho 10235:Eritrea 10205:Comoros 10180:Burundi 10155:Algeria 9904:Torture 9798:Aspects 9723:Lebanon 9635:Bahrain 8461:Egypt: 8248:Reuters 8218:Bbc.com 7989:7 April 7569:UN News 7549:20 July 7281:6 March 7150:Dol.gov 7063:رصيف 22 7001:28 June 6742:6 March 6580:Twitter 6221:6 March 6166:8 March 6136:3 April 6047:21 June 5800:6 March 5760:hrw.org 5709:6 March 5644:19 July 5614:20 July 5558:18 July 5483:Reuters 5253:5 April 4829:27 July 4799:15 July 4769:30 June 4729:abcnews 4679:26 June 4619:23 June 4499:14 July 4306:"Egypt" 4290:6 March 3951:19 July 3920:20 July 3857:18 July 3843:"Egypt" 3308:Signed 3299:Treaty 2381:Status 2173:Reuters 1490:in the 1436:Judaism 1405:Mubarak 1275:torture 1247:dissent 1169:Germany 1084:artists 800:Lebanon 796:airport 503:Tourism 488:Economy 363:Society 336:Symbols 291:History 286:Fashion 279:Tanoura 249:Cuisine 217:Culture 140:Please 132:may be 12715:Portal 12556:Cinema 12410:Baháʼí 12324:Health 12072:Mining 12042:Energy 11766:Rivers 11679:Cities 11601:Postal 11382:Modern 11327:Mamluk 11285:Fustat 11275:Muslim 11207:topics 11165:topics 11102:Turkey 11077:Russia 11047:Mexico 11037:Israel 11002:Brazil 10861:Taiwan 10796:Turkey 10761:Russia 10696:Kuwait 10676:Jordan 10666:Israel 10626:Cyprus 10611:Brunei 10606:Bhutan 10515: 10498: 10485: 10415:Zambia 10410:Uganda 10350:Rwanda 10305:Malawi 10265:Guinea 10160:Angola 10037:GONGOs 9872:Racism 9867:Murder 9765:Turkey 9753:Rojava 9718:Kuwait 9713:Jordan 9701:Israel 9640:Cyprus 9479:6 July 8324:29 May 8298:28 May 8272:28 May 7787:18 May 7735:11 May 7028: 6961:5 July 6762:UNICEF 6469: 5343:1 June 5313:20 May 4739:9 July 4709:9 July 4135: 2322:France 1836:, the 1832:, the 1828:, the 1779:cotton 1690:UNICEF 1500:Salafi 1498:, the 1389:sharia 1377:, and 1161:Canada 1155:, the 1025:TikTok 878:20,000 739:deems 661:Turkey 498:Energy 393:Health 373:People 346:Anthem 274:Tahtib 269:Baladi 244:Cinema 96:. The 12659:Music 12642:Radio 12583:Films 12513:Women 12467:Niqāb 12452:Islam 12236:Crime 12077:Mines 11793:Wadis 11751:Oases 11724:Lakes 11669:Biota 11631:Cairo 11549:Copts 11358:Nahda 11248:Roman 11163:Egypt 11087:Spain 11042:Kenya 11022:India 11012:Egypt 11007:Chile 10902:Macau 10821:Yemen 10781:Syria 10756:Qatar 10736:Nepal 10671:Japan 10646:India 10636:Egypt 10621:China 10470:Ceuta 10390:Sudan 10340:Niger 10295:Libya 10280:Kenya 10260:Ghana 10250:Gabon 10225:Egypt 10165:Benin 9782:Yemen 9775:Dubai 9748:Syria 9738:Qatar 9652:Egypt 9581:, by 9572:, by 9563:, by 8853:(PDF) 8846:(PDF) 8818:(PDF) 8811:(PDF) 8783:(PDF) 8776:(PDF) 8744:(XLS) 7761:6 May 7729:(PDF) 7718:(PDF) 6017:4 May 5191:(PDF) 5184:(PDF) 5069:(PDF) 5058:(PDF) 3765:Notes 3687:2011 3668:2008 3649:2006 3630:2006 3617:2008 3614:2007 3611:2006 3598:2002 3592:2000 3579:2007 3573:2000 3554:1999 3541:1993 3535:1990 3516:1989 3503:1990 3500:1990 3497:1989 3484:1986 3478:1984 3465:1981 3462:1980 3459:1979 3446:1977 3440:1973 3421:1968 3402:1966 3389:1982 3386:1967 3383:1966 3370:1982 3367:1967 3364:1966 3351:1967 3348:1966 3345:1966 3332:1952 3329:1948 3326:1948 3253:2022 3236:2021 3219:2020 3202:2019 3185:2018 3168:2017 3151:2016 3134:2015 3115:2014 3096:2013 3077:2012 3058:2011 3041:2010 3024:2009 3007:2008 2990:2007 2973:2006 2956:2005 2939:2004 2922:2003 2905:2002 2888:2001 2871:2000 2854:1999 2837:1998 2820:1997 2803:1996 2786:1995 2769:1994 2752:1993 2735:1992 2718:1991 2701:1990 2684:1989 2667:1988 2650:1987 2633:1986 2616:1985 2599:1984 2582:1983 2563:1982 2546:1981 2529:1980 2512:1979 2495:1978 2478:1977 2461:1976 2444:1975 2427:1974 2410:1973 2391:1972 2368:Year 2230:China 2082:Cairo 2008:Egypt 1863:Egypt 1801:taboo 1664:UNHCR 1520:Cairo 1516:Sinai 1428:Islam 1416:Islam 1255:Egypt 1207:Cairo 1092:Egypt 979:Egypt 890:Egypt 849:Egypt 821:Egypt 741:Egypt 665:China 398:Media 331:Sport 321:Radio 311:Music 254:Dance 12593:list 12588:Flag 12576:Wine 12571:Beer 12251:Rape 11946:list 11934:list 11771:Nile 11564:Jews 11032:Iraq 11027:Iran 10741:Oman 10706:Laos 10661:Iraq 10656:Iran 10400:Togo 10310:Mali 10200:Chad 9924:NGOs 9728:Oman 9674:Iraq 9657:Iran 9545:IFEX 9481:2022 8723:2021 8693:2021 8666:2021 8639:2021 8612:2019 8586:2019 8560:2019 8533:2019 8507:2019 8477:2019 8446:2022 8416:2021 8386:2020 8356:2020 8326:2019 8300:2019 8274:2019 8230:2017 8200:2017 8170:2017 8140:2017 8108:2017 8078:2017 8052:2022 8021:2022 7991:2022 7961:2022 7931:2022 7901:2022 7871:2022 7841:2021 7815:2021 7789:2021 7763:2021 7737:2021 7701:2020 7671:2020 7641:2020 7611:2020 7581:2020 7551:2020 7521:2020 7490:2020 7371:2006 7283:2015 7250:2006 7162:2017 7121:News 7026:ISSN 7003:2021 6977:link 6963:2021 6932:2019 6906:2019 6849:2006 6804:2006 6774:2006 6744:2015 6714:2022 6467:ISSN 6370:2011 6340:2010 6223:2015 6168:2021 6138:2021 6079:2012 6049:2018 6019:2010 5828:2010 5802:2015 5772:2017 5742:2016 5711:2015 5676:2021 5646:2022 5616:2022 5590:2022 5560:2022 5520:2023 5495:2023 5465:2023 5435:2022 5405:2021 5375:2021 5345:2021 5315:2021 5285:2021 5255:2021 5225:2020 5199:2021 5167:2020 5137:2020 5107:2020 5077:2020 5041:2020 5011:2020 4981:2020 4951:2020 4921:2020 4891:2020 4861:2020 4831:2020 4801:2020 4771:2020 4741:2020 4711:2020 4681:2020 4651:2020 4621:2020 4591:2020 4561:2020 4531:2021 4501:2020 4470:2019 4415:2016 4360:2012 4322:2017 4292:2015 4266:2021 4233:2017 4203:2023 4178:2022 4133:ISSN 4110:2021 4073:2021 4043:2022 4012:2022 3982:2022 3953:2022 3922:2022 3889:2020 3859:2022 3826:2020 2234:Iran 2232:and 2201:The 2164:and 1781:and 1311:2023 1293:2022 1167:and 1143:The 1134:EIPR 1086:and 1063:FIDH 1060:and 729:and 677:The 663:and 585:and 341:Flag 10873:and 9509:doi 5958:sic 5871:sic 5513:HRW 4999:CPJ 4939:CPJ 2335:DRM 2198:". 1967:HRW 1959:HRW 1697:BMJ 1575:in 1434:or 1021:stg 882:BBC 478:Law 12752:: 12647:TV 9543:- 9505:13 9503:. 9467:. 9427:. 9398:. 9369:. 9340:. 9311:. 9282:. 9253:. 9224:. 9195:. 9166:. 9137:. 9108:. 9079:. 9050:. 9021:. 8992:. 8963:. 8934:. 8905:. 8876:. 8848:. 8813:. 8778:. 8746:. 8713:. 8709:. 8493:. 8436:. 8432:. 8402:. 8376:. 8372:. 8342:. 8246:. 8216:. 8186:. 8156:. 8124:. 8094:. 8042:. 8038:. 8011:. 8007:. 7981:. 7977:. 7947:. 7917:. 7887:. 7857:. 7724:. 7720:. 7687:. 7661:. 7657:. 7627:. 7597:. 7567:. 7537:. 7511:. 7507:. 7455:. 7449:. 7416:. 7387:. 7357:. 7269:. 7258:^ 7236:. 7211:. 7207:. 7178:. 7148:. 7123:. 7119:. 7090:. 7061:. 7032:. 7024:. 7020:. 6973:}} 6969:{{ 6953:. 6949:. 6865:. 6782:^ 6760:. 6730:. 6700:. 6675:. 6671:. 6641:. 6612:. 6599:^ 6582:. 6578:. 6528:. 6524:. 6500:, 6473:. 6465:. 6461:. 6411:. 6356:. 6330:. 6326:. 6314:^ 6293:. 6264:. 6209:. 6158:. 6154:. 6128:. 6124:. 6095:. 6065:. 6035:. 6005:. 5921:^ 5892:^ 5788:. 5762:. 5758:. 5728:. 5701:. 5697:. 5684:^ 5666:. 5662:. 5636:. 5632:. 5576:. 5546:. 5528:^ 5511:. 5481:. 5451:. 5421:. 5391:. 5361:. 5331:. 5301:. 5275:. 5271:. 5245:. 5241:. 5186:. 5157:. 5153:. 5127:. 5123:. 5097:. 5093:. 5064:. 5060:. 5031:. 5027:. 4997:. 4971:. 4967:. 4937:. 4911:. 4907:. 4877:. 4847:. 4817:. 4787:. 4757:. 4731:. 4727:. 4701:. 4697:. 4671:. 4667:. 4641:. 4637:. 4607:. 4581:. 4577:. 4547:. 4517:. 4491:. 4487:. 4431:. 4401:. 4330:^ 4308:. 4256:. 4252:. 4241:^ 4223:. 4219:. 4194:. 4164:. 4139:. 4131:. 4127:. 4096:. 4081:^ 4063:. 4059:. 4033:. 4029:. 4002:. 3998:. 3972:. 3968:. 3939:, 3912:. 3908:. 3897:^ 3875:. 3849:. 3845:. 3834:^ 3812:. 3786:3. 3778:2. 3770:1. 3693:- 3690:- 3674:- 3671:- 3655:- 3652:- 3636:- 3633:- 3595:- 3576:- 3560:- 3557:- 3538:- 3522:- 3519:- 3481:- 3443:- 3427:- 3424:- 3408:- 3405:- 3259:6 3256:6 3242:6 3239:6 3225:6 3222:6 3208:6 3205:6 3191:6 3188:6 3174:6 3171:6 3157:5 3154:6 3140:5 3137:6 3121:5 3118:6 3102:5 3099:6 3083:5 3080:5 3064:5 3061:6 3047:5 3044:6 3030:5 3027:6 3013:5 3010:6 2996:5 2993:6 2979:5 2976:6 2962:5 2959:6 2945:5 2942:6 2928:6 2925:6 2911:6 2908:6 2894:6 2891:6 2877:5 2874:6 2860:5 2857:6 2843:6 2840:6 2826:6 2823:6 2809:6 2806:6 2792:6 2789:6 2775:6 2772:6 2758:6 2755:6 2741:6 2738:5 2724:5 2721:5 2707:4 2704:5 2690:4 2687:5 2673:4 2670:5 2656:4 2653:5 2639:4 2636:5 2622:4 2619:4 2605:4 2602:4 2588:5 2585:5 2569:5 2566:5 2552:5 2549:5 2535:5 2532:5 2518:5 2515:5 2501:5 2498:5 2484:4 2481:5 2467:4 2464:5 2450:4 2447:6 2433:4 2430:6 2416:6 2413:6 2397:6 2394:6 2282:, 2244:. 2187:. 2062:. 1886:. 1865:. 1634:. 1591:. 1579:. 1430:, 1373:, 1261:, 1249:, 1163:, 1159:, 1153:US 1094:. 1082:, 1078:, 996:. 981:. 962:. 915:. 892:. 876:E£ 787:. 701:. 667:. 623:. 192:on 58:. 11155:e 11148:t 11141:v 10964:e 10957:t 10950:v 10557:e 10550:t 10543:v 10133:e 10126:t 10119:v 9611:e 9604:t 9597:v 9515:. 9511:: 9483:. 9442:. 9413:. 9384:. 9355:. 9326:. 9297:. 9268:. 9239:. 9210:. 9181:. 9152:. 9123:. 9094:. 9065:. 9036:. 9007:. 8978:. 8949:. 8920:. 8891:. 8862:. 8827:. 8792:. 8757:. 8725:. 8695:. 8668:. 8641:. 8614:. 8588:. 8562:. 8535:. 8509:. 8479:. 8448:. 8418:. 8388:. 8358:. 8328:. 8302:. 8276:. 8232:. 8202:. 8172:. 8142:. 8110:. 8080:. 8054:. 8023:. 7993:. 7963:. 7933:. 7903:. 7873:. 7843:. 7817:. 7791:. 7765:. 7739:. 7703:. 7673:. 7643:. 7613:. 7583:. 7553:. 7523:. 7492:. 7466:. 7431:. 7402:. 7373:. 7285:. 7252:. 7222:. 7193:. 7164:. 7134:. 7105:. 7076:. 7055:" 7043:. 7005:. 6979:) 6965:. 6934:. 6908:. 6880:. 6851:. 6806:. 6776:. 6746:. 6716:. 6686:. 6656:. 6627:. 6593:. 6564:. 6539:. 6484:. 6447:. 6422:. 6397:. 6372:. 6342:. 6308:. 6279:. 6250:. 6225:. 6195:. 6170:. 6140:. 6110:. 6081:. 6051:. 6021:. 5973:. 5943:. 5915:. 5886:. 5856:. 5830:. 5804:. 5774:. 5744:. 5713:. 5678:. 5648:. 5618:. 5592:. 5562:. 5522:. 5497:. 5467:. 5437:. 5407:. 5377:. 5347:. 5317:. 5287:. 5257:. 5227:. 5201:. 5169:. 5139:. 5109:. 5079:. 5043:. 5013:. 4983:. 4953:. 4923:. 4893:. 4863:. 4833:. 4803:. 4773:. 4743:. 4713:. 4683:. 4653:. 4623:. 4593:. 4563:. 4533:. 4503:. 4472:. 4446:. 4417:. 4387:. 4362:. 4324:. 4294:. 4268:. 4235:. 4205:. 4180:. 4150:. 4112:. 4075:. 4045:. 4014:. 3984:. 3924:. 3891:. 3861:. 3828:. 555:e 548:t 541:v 174:) 168:( 156:) 152:( 148:. 138:. 108:) 104:( 91:. 65:) 61:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.