3372:
1899:
3279:, the leader of Egypt's Constitution Party, who stated "Morsi today usurped all state powers & appointed himself Egypt's new pharaoh" on his Twitter feed. The move led to massive protests and violent action throughout Egypt. On 5 December 2012, Tens of thousands of supporters and opponents of Egypt's president clashed, hurling rocks and Molotov cocktails and brawling in Cairo's streets, in what was described as the largest violent battle between Islamists and their foes since the country's revolution. Six senior advisors and three other officials resigned from the government and the country's leading Islamic institution called on Morsi to stem his powers. Protesters also clamored from coastal cities to desert towns.
2266:
2520:
2993:
1991:
2137:
2599:
2500:
2664:; but in 1841 the European powers, fearful lest he topple the Ottoman Empire itself, forced him to return most of his conquests to the Ottomans. He kept the Sudan and his title to Egypt was made hereditary. A more lasting result of his military ambition is that it required him to modernize the country. Eager to adopt the military (and therefore industrial) techniques of the great powers, he sent students to the West and invited training missions to Egypt. He built industries, a system of canals for irrigation and transport, and reformed the civil service.
1609:
3031:. It was an attempt to regain part of the Sinai territory that Israel had captured six years earlier. Sadat hoped to seize some territory through military force, and then regain the rest of the peninsula by diplomacy. The conflict sparked an international crisis between the US and the USSR, both of whom intervened. The second UN-mandated ceasefire halted military action. While the war ended with a military stalemate, it presented Sadat with a political victory that later allowed him to regain the Sinai in return for peace with Israel.
2109:
3153:
2408:
2548:
2690:
2488:
9795:
8813:
6950:
1764:
9303:
9805:
8823:
6960:
93:
3237:, the last prime minister under deposed leader Hosni Mubarak, 24%. A second round was held on 16 and 17 June. On 24 June 2012, the election commission announced that Mohamed Morsi had won the election, making him the first democratically elected president of Egypt. According to official results, Morsi took 51.7 percent of the vote while Shafik received 48.3 percent. On 30 June 2012, Mohamed Morsi was sworn in as Egypt's new president.
494:
2917:
2359:
6970:
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24:
3087:, engage in an extended campaign of violence, from the murders and attempted murders of prominent writers and intellectuals, to the repeated targeting of tourists and foreigners. Serious damage was done to the largest sector of Egypt's economyβtourismβand in turn to the government, but it also devastated the livelihoods of many of the people on whom the group depended for support.
2732:, built in partnership with the French, was completed in 1869. The cost of this and other projects had two effects: it led to enormous debt to European banks, and caused popular discontent because of the onerous taxation it required. In 1875, Ismail sold Egypt's 44% share in the canal to the British Government. Ismail also tried to conquer the
3268:
and extends the mandate of the constituent assembly by two months. Additionally, the declaration authorizes Morsi to take any measures necessary to protect the revolution. Liberal and secular groups previously walked out of the constitutional constituent assembly because they believed that it would impose strict
Islamic practices, while
3267:
On 22 November 2012, Morsi issued a declaration immunizing his decrees from challenge and seeking to protect the work of the constituent assembly drafting the new constitution. The declaration also requires a retrial of those accused in the
Mubarak-era killings of protesters, who had been acquitted,
2458:
military caste, took control about AD 1250. By the late 13th century, Egypt linked the Red Sea, India, Malaya, and East Indies. The Greek and Coptic languages and cultures went into a steep decline in favor of Arabic culture (though Coptic managed to last as a spoken language until the 17th century
2234:
supplying the greater portion of the Empire's grain in addition to flax, papyrus, glass and many other finished goods. The city of
Alexandria became a key trading outpost for the Roman Empire (by some accounts, the most important for a time). Shipping from Egypt regularly reached India and Ethiopia
3352:
himself was still ongoing. Having delivered a final judgement, 492 sentences were commuted to life imprisonment with 37 death sentences being upheld. On 28 April, another mass trial took place with 683 Morsi supporters sentenced to death for killing 1 police officer. In 2015, Egypt participated in
2558:
After the 15th century, the
Ottoman invasion pushed the Egyptian system into decline. The defensive militarization damaged its civil society and economic institutions. The weakening of the economic system combined with the effects of the plague left Egypt vulnerable to foreign invasion. Portuguese
2754:
a prominent figure. In 1882 he became head of a nationalist-dominated ministry committed to democratic reforms including parliamentary control of the budget. Fearing a reduction of their control, Britain and France intervened militarily, bombarding
Alexandria and crushing the Egyptian army at the
2088:
managed the first reliable sequencing of the genomes of 90 mummified individuals in 2017. Whilst not conclusive, because of the non-exhaustive time frame and restricted location that the mummies represent, their study nevertheless showed that these
Ancient Egyptians "closely resembled ancient and
2179:
culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native
Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life.
3389:
of June 2014 El-Sisi won with a percentage of 96.1%. On 8 June 2014, Abdel Fatah el-Sisi was officially sworn in as Egypt's new president. Egypt has implemented a rigorous policy of controlling the border to the Gaza Strip, including the dismantling of tunnels between the Gaza strip and Sinai.
3301:
issued a 48-hour ultimatum that gave the country's political parties until 3 July to meet the demands of the
Egyptian people. The presidency rejected the Egyptian Army's 48-hour ultimatum, vowing that the president would pursue his own plans for national reconciliation to resolve the political
3176:
supported by a very large number of people and mainly consisting of continuous mass demonstrations. By 29 January, it was becoming clear that
Mubarak's government had lost control when a curfew order was ignored, and the army took a semi-neutral stance on enforcing the curfew decree.
1699:, predates the Badarian by about seven hundred years. Contemporaneous Lower Egyptian communities coexisted with their southern counterparts for more than two thousand years, remaining culturally distinct, but maintaining frequent contact through trade. The earliest known evidence of
2089:
modern Near
Eastern populations, especially those in the Levant, and had almost no DNA from sub-Saharan Africa. What's more, the genetics of the mummies remained remarkably consistent even as different powersβincluding Nubians, Greeks, and Romansβconquered the empire".
3211:
since the Mubarak regime fell. Turnout was high and there were no reports of violence, although members of some parties broke the ban on campaigning at polling places by handing out pamphlets and banners. There were, however, complaints of irregularities.
3289:
was held in two rounds on 15 and 22 December 2012, with 64% support, and 33% against. It was signed into law by a presidential decree issued by Morsi on 26 December 2012. On 3 July 2013, the constitution was suspended by order of the
3255:
negated the decision by Morsi to call the nation's parliament back into session. On 2 August 2012, Egypt's Prime Minister Hisham Qandil announced his 35-member cabinet, including 28 newcomers, of whom four came from the influential
3282:
Morsi offered a "national dialogue" with opposition leaders but refused to cancel a 15 December vote on a draft constitution written by an Islamist-dominated assembly that has ignited two weeks of political unrest.
2202:
The Ptolemies faced rebellions of native Egyptians, often caused by an unwanted regime, and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its annexation by Rome. Nevertheless,
4877:
4640:
3397:
with no real opposition. In April 2019, Egypt's parliament extended presidential terms from four to six years. President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi was also allowed to run for third term in next election in 2024.
5086:
3199:
On 13 February 2011, the high level military command of Egypt announced that both the constitution and the parliament of Egypt had been dissolved. The parliamentary election was to be held in September.
3297:
On 30 June 2013, on the first anniversary of the election of Morsi, millions of protesters across Egypt took to the streets and demanded the immediate resignation of the president. On 1 July, the
3090:
Victims of the campaign against the Egyptian state from 1992 to 1997 exceeded 1,200 and included the head of the counter-terrorism police (Major General Raouf Khayrat), a speaker of parliament (
2641:
in Egypt; the title implied subordination to the Sultan but this was in fact a polite fiction: Ottoman power in Egypt was finished and Muhammad Ali, an ambitious and able leader, established a
3172:
On 25 January 2011, widespread protests began against Mubarak's government. The objective of the protest was the removal of Mubarak from power. These took the form of an intensive campaign of
2081:(358β338 BC) reconquered the Nile valley for a brief second period (343β332 BC), which is called the Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt, thus starting another period of pharaohs of Persian origin.
3306:, head of the Egyptian Armed Forces, announced that he had removed Morsi from power, suspended the constitution and would be calling new presidential and Shura Council elections and named
2671:
before the end of the century. The social effects of this were enormous: land ownership became concentrated and many foreigners arrived, shifting production towards international markets.
8800:
1555:(president from 1970 to 1981) changed Egypt's trajectory, departing from many of the political, and economic tenets of Nasserism, re-instituting a multi-party system and launching the
2381:
to the country. Early in this period, Egyptians began to blend their new faith with their Christian traditions as well as other indigenous beliefs and practices, leading to various
2065:, was effectively a short-living province of the Achaemenid Empire between 343 BC to 332 BC. After an interval of independence, during which three indigenous dynasties reigned (the
3405:. New constitutional reforms have been implemented, meaning strengthening the role of military and limiting the political opposition. The constitutional changes were accepted in a
4839:
1837:
ushered in a time of political upheaval for about 150 years. Stronger Nile floods and stabilization of government, however, brought back renewed prosperity for the country in the
2845:
was concluded. Continued instability due to remaining British influence and increasing political involvement by the king led to the dissolution of the parliament in a military
2767:
British protectorate. In 1914, the Protectorate was made official, and the Ottoman Empire no longer had a role. The title for the head of state, which in 1867 had changed from
6799:
5832:
8611:
3443:
officials were concerned about strengthening ties between the UAE and Israel. They fear that both countries will collaborate in the construction of an alternative to the
4866:
5827:
5822:
2211:. The native Egyptian/Coptic culture continued to exist as well (the Coptic language itself was Egypt's most widely spoken language until at least the 10th century).
1311:
2289:'s reign marked the transition from the classical Roman to the Late antique/Byzantine era in Egypt, when a great number of Egyptian Christians were persecuted. The
4501:
7016:
3806:
5119:
4816:
2744:
4657:
3965:
2374:. The final loss of Egypt was of incalculable significance to the Byzantine Empire, which had relied on Egypt for many agricultural and manufactured goods.
7470:
2519:
3221:
2815:
2499:
1516:
independent state, the United Kingdom retained control over foreign affairs, defense, and other matters. British occupation lasted until 1954, with the
8184:
6354:
1489:
3568:
8778:
Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
9167:
8937:
5601:
4595:
2819:
408:
4382:"Solidly ahead of oil, Suez Canal revenues, and remittances, tourism is Egypt's main hard currency earner at $ 6.5 billion per year." (in 2005)
2924:
Nasser assumed power as president in June 1956. British forces completed their withdrawal from the occupied Suez Canal Zone on 13 June 1956. He
2251:
broke new ground in astronomy, mathematics, and other disciplines. Culturally, the city of Alexandria at times rivaled Rome in its importance.
2037:' successful rebellion ended the first Achaemenid rule and inaugurated Egypt's last significant phase of independence under native rulers. The
1412:
had to fight native rebellions and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its final annexation by
9760:
8343:
6223:
4528:
2806:
led the Egyptian nationalist movement to a majority at the local Legislative Assembly. When the British exiled Zaghlul and his associates to
1304:
3371:
8771:
8754:
8632:
5236:
5064:
3961:
2667:
The introduction in 1820 of long-staple cotton, the Egyptian variety of which became notable, transformed its agriculture into a cash-crop
3633:"Who were the Hyksos? Challenging traditional narratives using strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) analysis of human remains from ancient Egypt"
9283:
8859:
8223:
5274:
3478:
3208:
2747:
who sat in the Egyptian cabinet, and, "with the financial power of the bondholders behind them, were the real power in the Government."
7913:
7907:
7009:
5849:
5817:
522:
41:
9434:
7969:
6678:
6206:
5688:
4320:
Partially independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty with the overthrow of the British-backed monarchy in 1952.
3323:
2911:
2621:β who were nominally in the service of the Ottomans β wrestled for power. Out of this chaos, the commander of the Albanian regiment,
1898:
2750:
Local dissatisfaction with Ismail and with European intrusion led to the formation of the first nationalist groupings in 1879, with
6690:
6081:
3286:
3204:
1297:
9082:
5199:
3420:) Party, which strongly supports president El-Sisi. The party even increased its majority, partly because of new electoral rules.
9709:
8922:
6125:
5859:
3406:
3354:
3196:
the previous night, before or shortly after the airing of a taped speech in which Mubarak vowed he would not step down or leave.
3094:), dozens of European tourists and Egyptian bystanders, and over 100 Egyptian police. At times, travel by foreigners in parts of
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2367:
9770:
7817:
5402:
33:
8178:
7002:
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3631:
Stantis, Chris; Kharobi, Arwa; Maaranen, Nina; Nowell, Geoff M.; Bietak, Manfred; Prell, Silvia; Schutkowski, Holger (2020).
3341:
3307:
3252:
2586:
were eventually defeated and forced to withdraw, especially after suffering the defeat of the supporting French fleet at the
1679:
culture had taken root in the Nile Valley. During the Neolithic era, several predynastic cultures developed independently in
5027:
3145:("Egyptian Movement for Change"), was launched to oppose the Mubarak regime and to establish democratic reforms and greater
8942:
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8126:
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3431:
report stated, based on testimonials of three Egyptian officials and one European diplomat, that the UAE used its base in
1563:
of 1973 to regain Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, which Israel had occupied since the Six-Day War of 1967. This later led to the
9834:
9684:
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6410:
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1846:
1828:
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178:
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1970:. Frequent contacts with other nations brought new ideas to the New Kingdom. The country was later ruled and invaded by
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6863:
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198:
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5927:
4990:
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4003:
3942:
2887:
2281:
Christianity reached Egypt relatively early in the evangelist period of the first century (traditionally credited to
3050:
while observing a military parade commemorating the eighth anniversary of the October 1973 War. He was succeeded by
8209:
8196:
6531:
6194:
5917:
2728:(in 1863). Abbas I was cautious. Said and Ismail were ambitious developers, but they spent beyond their means. The
1911:
1850:
1570:
Recent Egyptian history has been dominated by events following nearly thirty years of rule by the former president
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3123:
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2014:
1420:
ended the nominal independence of Egypt, resulting in Egypt's becoming one of the provinces of the Roman Empire.
1083:
111:
3329:
3110:. During this period, Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya was given support by the governments of Iran and Sudan, as well as
1583:
1394:
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and foreign tourists as well as government officials. Some scholars and authors have credited Islamist writer
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7485:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
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orders that have flourished to this day. These earlier rites had survived the period of Coptic Christianity.
2070:
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2042:
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seceded, thus ending the union. During most of its existence, the United Arab Republic was also in a loose
1893:
1703:
inscriptions appeared during the predynastic period on Naqada III pottery vessels, dated to about 3200 BC.
1333:
1060:
896:
208:
5106:
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allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States, expelling Soviet advisors in 1972. He launched the
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The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 01: Prolegomena; Egypt, Mesopotamia
3181:
3161:
3068:
In 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, terrorist attacks in Egypt became numerous and severe, and began to target
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2074:
2038:
1741:
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952:
871:
853:
542:
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in exchange for Israeli withdrawal from Sinai. Sadat's initiative sparked enormous controversy in the
9829:
9366:
9249:
8775:; Ascension Island (1922β) and Tristan da Cunha (1938β) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
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6789:
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British indirect rule lasted from 1882, when the British succeeded in defeating the Egyptian Army at
2645:
that was to rule Egypt until the revolution of 1952. After 1882 the dynasty became a British puppet.
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753:
508:
72:
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The Cambridge History of Egypt Volume 2 Modern Egypt, from 1517 to the end of the twentieth century
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would assume control of the nation's affairs in the short term. Jubilant celebrations broke out in
2898: – the real architect of the 1952 movement – and was later put under
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Artifacts of Egypt from the prehistoric period, from 4400 to 3100 BC. First row from top left: a
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436:
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confirmed the presence of Chinese-produced drones at the UAE's military base in Assab, Eritrea.
1856:. The Hyksos migrants took over much of Lower Egypt around 1650 BC and founded a new capital at
1662:
Climate changes and/or overgrazing around 6000 BC began to desiccate the pastoral lands of Egypt
1578:
deposed Mubarak and resulted in the first democratically elected president in Egyptian history,
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2713:
2702:
2298:
2274:
2129:
1990:
1800:
1668:. Early tribal peoples migrated to the Nile River, where they developed a settled agricultural
1423:
1371:
1344:'s native inhabitants and outside influence. Much of Egypt's ancient history was unknown until
739:
726:
670:
657:
631:
585:
4091:
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2582:. Despite early victories and an initially successful expedition into Syria, Napoleon and his
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4867:"Violence breaks out across Egypt as protesters decry Mohammed Morsi's constitutional 'coup'"
4373:
by Gilles Kepel, English translation published by University of California Press, 1986, p. 74
3473:
3333:
3298:
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2798:
prompted many neutral Egyptians to join the nationalist movement. After the First World War,
2622:
2428:
1680:
1367:
1357:
9223:
4518:
4141:
3512:
2285:). Alexandria, Egypt and Antioch, Syria quickly became the leading centers of Christianity.
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9654:
9649:
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2617:, and British forces was followed by four years of anarchy in which Ottomans, Mamluks, and
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188:
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traders took over their trade. Egypt suffered six famines between 1687 and 1731. The 1784
45:
8:
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that dissolved the country's elected parliament and called lawmakers back into session.
1982:, but native Egyptians eventually drove them out and regained control of their country.
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8444:
8384:
8275:
8001:
7963:
7939:
7920:
7811:
7358:
7284:
7250:
7149:
7129:
7055:
6705:
6616:
6516:
6383:
6211:
6177:
6130:
6108:
6004:
5906:
5777:
5664:
5611:
4437:
3667:
3632:
3269:
3257:
3063:
2952:
2895:
2795:
2779:
2773:
2587:
2248:
2176:
1532:
1497:
1493:
1447:
1398:
1163:
455:
418:
290:
4954:
4142:
3455:
in Tigray. It wants to strengthen a joint position in relation to negotiations on the
3451:
in Israel. On 19 December 2020, Egypt was reportedly encouraging Sudan to support the
3344:
elections have to be held in June 2014. On 24 March 2014, 529 Morsi's supporters were
9804:
9739:
9674:
9639:
9574:
9554:
9544:
9504:
9489:
9484:
9391:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9317:
9142:
9137:
9077:
9032:
8992:
8887:
8868:
8822:
8408:
8026:
7991:
7723:
7611:
7559:
7553:
7537:
7376:
7370:
7320:
7290:
7220:
6959:
6853:
6653:
6560:
6511:
6464:
6449:
6364:
6280:
6167:
6065:
6046:
5879:
5553:
5548:
5479:
5462:
5445:
5357:
4499:
http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=50®ionSelect=10-Middle_East#
4467:
4423:
4153:
4105:
4024:
3999:
3938:
3911:
3884:
3855:
3828:
3811:
3706:
3672:
3493:
3276:
3185:
3091:
3027:, a surprise attack against the Israeli forces occupying the Sinai Peninsula and the
2784:
2657:
2526:
2436:
2394:
2353:
2184:
2156:
2103:
2010:
1910:(c. 1550β1070 BC) began with the Eighteenth Dynasty, marking the rise of Egypt as an
1796:
1792:
1757:
1599:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1409:
1401:
1379:
1279:
1250:
574:
340:
330:
310:
300:
243:
102:
6715:
3780:
3114:. The Egyptian government received support during that time from the United States.
1608:
9780:
9699:
9659:
9634:
9614:
9549:
9524:
9499:
9401:
9386:
9376:
9197:
9117:
9067:
9022:
9007:
8987:
8977:
8892:
8779:
8712:
8704:
8696:
8624:
8535:
8503:
8390:
8190:
8102:
7887:
7413:
7406:
7308:
7193:
7138:
6814:
6771:
6741:
6589:
6371:
6300:
6242:
5957:
5952:
5932:
5854:
5669:
5570:
5501:
5484:
4087:
3820:
3662:
3652:
3402:
3349:
3173:
2862:
2826:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2402:
2260:
1745:
1633:
1509:
465:
360:
7024:
6626:
3614:"Rulers of Ancient Egypt's Enigmatic Hyksos Dynasty Were Immigrants, Not Invaders"
3227:
The first round of a presidential election was held in Egypt on 23 and 24 May 2012
1535:(president from 1956 to 1970) introduced many reforms and created the short-lived
9619:
9584:
9539:
9534:
9443:
9357:
9332:
9327:
9127:
9037:
8927:
8732:
8509:
8438:
8229:
8168:
8007:
7691:
7593:
7296:
6804:
6621:
6572:
6474:
6290:
6026:
6009:
5640:
5565:
4505:
4418:
4390:
4047:
3993:
3932:
3905:
3824:
3657:
3593:
3193:
3146:
3020:
economic reform policy, while clamping down on religious and secular opposition.
2963:
2925:
2891:
2858:
2506:
2443:
2412:
2398:
2325:
2148:
2085:
2022:
1975:
1696:
1669:
1649:
1527:
was founded in 1953, and with the complete withdrawal of British forces from the
1463:
1431:
1405:
1240:
350:
5163:
3733:
1815:
First Intermediate Period, the Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period
8617:
8605:
8450:
8066:
7995:
7984:
7773:
7735:
7641:
7605:
7599:
7565:
7103:
7026:
6953:
6907:
6761:
6700:
6484:
6285:
5797:
5725:
5584:
5518:
5065:"Soud s islamisty v EgyptΔ: Na popraviΕ‘tΔ pΕ―jde vΓce neΕΎ 500 MursΓho stoupencΕ―"
3345:
3099:
3024:
3005:
2997:
2894:
as the first President of the Republic. Naguib was forced to resign in 1954 by
2737:
2649:
2471:
2440:
2313:
2309:
2270:
2108:
2078:
2026:
2018:
1869:
1849:
heralded the arrival of the first foreign ruling dynasty in Egypt, that of the
1688:
1684:
1617:
1613:
1560:
1471:
1435:
1172:
884:
263:
233:
4638:
4383:
3435:(Eritrea) to launch drones strikes against Tigray. The investigative platform
3152:
1748:
flourished during this long period and remained distinctively Egyptian in its
1393:
conquered Egypt as he toppled the Achaemenids and established the short-lived
9823:
9798:
9261:
8658:
8478:
7659:
7543:
6836:
6824:
6819:
6499:
5589:
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3241:
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3189:
3165:
3157:
3051:
3028:
2944:
2721:
2610:
2575:
2467:
2451:
2370:
invasion early in the 7th century, until 639β642, when Egypt was invaded and
2290:
2239:
leading) scientific and technological center of the Empire. Scholars such as
2168:
2121:
1971:
1873:
1842:
1712:
1692:
1621:
1579:
1571:
1363:
1349:
1216:
555:
546:
388:
5301:
3755:
3076:, who was executed in 1967, as the inspiration for the new wave of attacks.
2547:
1496:. However, Khedivate Egypt fell under British control in 1882 following the
8688:
8396:
7957:
7951:
7932:
7697:
7432:
7339:
7278:
7272:
6963:
6553:
5962:
5621:
4674:
4402:
4260:
R.C. Mowat, "From Liberalism to Imperialism: The Case of Egypt 1875-1887."
3934:
The Story of Christian Theology: Twenty Centuries of Tradition & Reform
3832:
3676:
3311:
3234:
3001:
2899:
2799:
2760:
2689:
2273:
of Cairo, first built in the 3rd or 4th century, is one of the most famous
2046:
1931:
1481:
1413:
498:
4358:
Passion for Islam: Shaping the Modern Middle East: the Egyptian Experience
4345:
Passion for Islam: Shaping the Modern Middle East: the Egyptian Experience
3513:
The Administration of Sasanian Egypt: New Masters and Byzantine Continuity
9808:
8805:
8301:
8202:
8013:
7617:
7517:
7232:
7226:
5982:
5713:
5703:
5496:
5374:
3095:
3073:
3043:
2975:
2959:
2929:
2751:
2668:
2455:
2407:
2378:
2231:
2225:
2192:
1947:
1943:
1919:
1879:
1788:
1776:
1641:
1552:
1544:
1501:
1488:
from 1798 to 1801. Starting in 1867, Egypt became a nominally autonomous
1206:
253:
4124:
2366:
The Byzantines were able to regain control of the country after a brief
1430:) lasted from 30 BC to 641 AD, with a brief interlude of control by the
1366:
civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of
8078:
8059:
7802:
7581:
7200:
7117:
6031:
5989:
4779:"Egypt unveils new cabinet, Tantawi keeps defence post". 3 August 2012.
4265:
4194:
3444:
3436:
3424:
3377:
3039:
2974:. Three years later (1970), President Nasser died and was succeeded by
2967:
2803:
2729:
2579:
2329:
2286:
2235:
among other international destinations. It was also a leading (perhaps
2172:
1967:
1951:
1927:
1763:
1528:
1337:
1329:
4641:"The Egyptian constitutional referendum of March 2011 a new beginning"
1648:
terraces and in desert oases. In the 10th millennium BC, a culture of
1378:. Predominantly native Egyptian rule lasted until the conquest by the
8724:
7577:
7326:
7110:
6870:
6342:
3468:
3180:
On 11 February 2011, Mubarak resigned and fled Cairo. Vice President
3034:
Sadat made a historic visit to Israel in 1977, which led to the 1979
2709:
which made Egypt a republic and when British advisers were expelled.
2618:
2424:
2333:
2188:
2125:
2117:
2034:
1963:
1939:
1935:
1676:
1443:
1417:
92:
8837:
5325:
4698:"Muslim Brotherhood's Mohammed Morsi wins Egypt's presidential race"
4658:
Egypt's Historic Day Proceeds Peacefully, Turnout High For Elections
3556:
The Prehistory of Egypt: From the First Egyptians to the First Kings
3416:
confirmed a clear majority of the seats for Egypt's Mostaqbal Want (
2743:
Within three years this led to the imposition of British and French
2377:
When they defeated the Byzantine armies in Egypt, the Arabs brought
2195:, who had died in her arms (from a self-inflicted stab wound) after
2029:-ruled period, with the Achaemenid kings being granted the title of
8652:
8567:
7846:
7798:
7547:
7474:
7460:
7456:
7426:
7214:
5543:
3111:
3080:
3013:
2661:
2634:
2629:) emerged as a dominant figure and in 1805 was acknowledged by the
2574:
began in 1798. The campaign eventually led to the discovery of the
2349:
2196:
2002:
1861:
1582:. Unrest after the 2011 revolution and related disputes led to the
320:
9412:
5182:"Egypt's Sisi wins 97 percent in election with no real opposition"
5026:
Holpuch, Amanda; Siddique, Haroon; Weaver, Matthew (4 July 2013).
4572:
Mubarak Resigns As Egypt's President, Armed Forces To Take Control
4204:
4202:
3995:
Christianity: the One, the Many: What Christianity Might Have Been
2041:
was the last native ruling dynasty during the Pharaonic epoch. It
8561:
7894:
7854:
7447:
7204:
7163:
5087:"Egypt sentences 683 to death in latest mass trial of dissidents"
3017:
2916:
2642:
2638:
2551:
2510:
2244:
2240:
2030:
1979:
1959:
1955:
1923:
1653:
1625:
1556:
1475:
5322:
The Cambridge History of Egypt, Vol. 1: Islamic Egypt, 640-1517
4673:
3982:
See drop-down essay on "Islamic Conquest and the Ottoman Empire"
3693:. Ancientsudan.org. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009
3336:
was prepared, which took effect on 18 January 2014. After that,
8571:
7946:
7711:
7489:
7091:
5575:
5533:
5380:
4199:
4189:
M. Abir, "Modernisation, Reaction and Muhammad Ali's 'Empire'"
3207:
was held on 19 March 2011. On 28 November 2011, Egypt held its
3141:
2935:
In 1958, Egypt and Syria formed a sovereign union known as the
2630:
2614:
2560:
2447:
2382:
2358:
2113:
2062:
1857:
1853:
1665:
1657:
1375:
857:
5107:
Egypt and Saudi Arabia discuss maneuvers as Yemen battles rage
4497:, "The al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya insurgency," viewed 2013-05-03,
4174:
Icelandic Volcano Caused Historic Famine In Egypt, Study Shows
1914:
that expanded during its greatest extension to an empire from
8072:
7794:
7266:
5606:
5411:
5255:"Pro-Sisi party wins majority in Egypt's parliamentary polls"
4475:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3245:
3103:
3069:
3046:, but it was supported by most Egyptians. On 6 October 1981,
2940:
2807:
2694:
2653:
2432:
2416:
2321:
2164:
1915:
1737:
1540:
1524:
1341:
5237:"Sisi wins snap Egyptian referendum amid vote-buying claims"
3877:
Portraits of the Ptolemies: Greek kings as Egyptian pharaohs
3630:
3098:
was severely restricted and dangerous. On 17 November 1997,
1721:
7623:
6019:
5339:
Modernization and British colonial rule in Egypt, 1882-1914
3452:
3428:
3264:
as the Defence Minister came from the previous Government.
2199:
had captured Alexandria and her mercenary forces had fled.
1645:
1404:, founded in 305 BC by one of Alexander's former generals,
3314:
as acting president. Mansour was sworn in on 4 July 2013.
2736:
and was defeated twice at Gundet in 1875 and again at the
2191:, who committed suicide following the burial of her lover
1348:
were deciphered with the discovery and deciphering of the
5354:
The History of Modern Egypt: From Muhammad Ali to Mubarak
5200:"Egypt parliament extends presidential term to six years"
4661:
4551:"Egypt crisis: President Hosni Mubarak resigns as leader"
4474:) pp. 434β54, where he describes his trip to the area of
4325:
4097:
Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250β1350
2328:, which lasted from 619 to 629, until the Sasanian rebel
1860:. They were driven out by an Upper Egyptian force led by
1478:
captured Cairo, absorbing Egypt into the Ottoman Empire.
1841:
c. 2040 BC, reaching a peak during the reign of Pharaoh
4973:"Mohamed Morsi signs Egypt's new constitution into law"
4618:"Egyptian Parliament dissolved, constitution suspended"
2362:
Extent of the Tulunid domains under Khumarawayh, in 893
1922:. This period is noted for some of the most well known
5028:"Egypt's interim president sworn in - Thursday 4 July"
4930:"Morsi refuses to cancel Egypt's vote on constitution"
3393:
In April 2018, El-Sisi was re-elected by landslide in
2868:
British military presence in Egypt lasted until 1954.
2648:
Muhammad Ali's primary focus was military: he annexed
2462:
The Mamluks continued to govern the country until the
1880:
New Kingdom, Third Intermediate Period and Late Period
8677:
7810:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the
5025:
4955:"Egyptian voters back new constitution in referendum"
3966:
Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs
3734:"EGYPT i. Persians in Egypt in the Achaemenid period"
3412:
In December 2020, final results of the parliamentary
3184:
announced that Mubarak had stepped down and that the
2705:
in September and took control of the country, to the
2293:
had by then been translated into Egyptian. After the
5120:"El-Sisi wins Egypt's presidential race with 96.91%"
4664:. 28 November 2011. Last Retrieved 29 November 2011.
4639:
Commonwealth Parliament, Parliament House Canberra.
4840:"Egypt's President Morsi takes sweeping new powers"
4817:"Rallies for, against Egypt president's new powers"
4735:"Egypt's president calls back dissolved parliament"
4023:. Cairo: American University in Cairo. p. 39.
3427:, Egypt was also involved. On 19 December 2020, an
3222:
Timeline of the Egyptian Crisis under Mohamed Morsi
2996:Celebrating the signing of the Camp David Accords:
2928:the Suez Canal on 26 July 1956, prompting the 1956
2674:
2171:to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia.
5377:, Press of J. J. Little & Co. New York, U.S.A.
4865:
2787:was deposed as khedive and replaced by his uncle,
1593:
1328:has been long and wealthy, due to the flow of the
5062:
4791:"Egypt's President Mursi assumes sweeping powers"
4758:"Court overrules Egypt's president on parliament"
2939:. The union was short-lived, ending in 1961 when
2470:in 1517, after which it became a province of the
2320:) refers to the brief rule of Egypt and parts of
1791:period (c. 2700β2200 BC), which constructed many
9821:
5291:Egypt from Independence to Revolution, 1919-1952
4297:
3998:. Vol. 1. Xlibris Corporation. p. 91.
3903:
3401:Under El-Sisi Egypt is said to have returned to
3260:while six and the former interim military ruler
2871:
1950:. The first historically attested expression of
1736:A unified kingdom was formed in 3150 BC by King
1442:, parts of Egypt became provinces of successive
5356:(4 ed.). London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
5275:Situation Report EEPA HORN No. 31 - 20 December
4238:(London, 1982, George Allen & Unwin), p. 11
4139:
3930:
3600:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. p. 69.
3598:The Oxford Illustrated History of Ancient Egypt
3023:In 1973, Egypt, along with Syria, launched the
1744:that ruled Egypt for the next three millennia.
1706:
1691:series are generally regarded as precursors to
9291:
5046:"Egypt's new constitution gets 98% 'yes' vote"
4857:
4520:"Mubarak Steps Down, Ceding Power to Military"
4100:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.
3956:
3954:
3459:Dam, which impacts both countries downstream.
2820:unilateral declaration of Egypt's independence
2712:Muhammad Ali was succeeded briefly by his son
2045:in 343 BC after the last native Pharaoh, King
9428:
9277:
8853:
8337:
7010:
5396:
4716:"Mohamed Morsi sworn in as Egypt's president"
4486:
4484:
4082:
4080:
4078:
3991:
3192:at the news. Mubarak may have left Cairo for
2563:cost it roughly one-sixth of its population.
2478:killed about 40% of the population of Egypt.
2304:
2052:
1305:
516:
8772:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
8755:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
8633:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4991:"Egypt army commander suspends constitution"
4048:"EGYPT iv. Relations in the Sasanian period"
2525:Extent of the Mamluk Sultanate under Sultan
2336:and had control over Egypt returned to him.
2332:made an alliance with the Byzantine emperor
2207:continued to thrive in Egypt well after the
4900:"Egypt Sees Largest Clash Since Revolution"
4516:
4350:
4042:
4040:
3951:
3479:List of Egyptian inventions and discoveries
3106:. The assailants trapped the people in the
1586:, Morsi's imprisonment and the election of
9435:
9421:
9284:
9270:
8860:
8846:
8344:
8330:
7017:
7003:
5403:
5389:
5351:
4923:
4921:
4517:Kirkpatrick, David D. (11 February 2010).
4481:
4337:
4331:
4086:
4075:
3571:. The British Museum. 2005. Archived from
3272:backers threw their support behind Morsi.
2810:on 8 March 1919, the country arose in its
2459:and remains a liturgical language today).
2219:
1695:. The earliest known Lower Egyptian site,
1312:
1298:
523:
509:
5270:
5268:
4927:
4588:"Mubarak Flees Cairo for Sharm el-Sheikh"
4247:De facto protectorate: Joan Wucher King,
3728:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3666:
3656:
3608:
3606:
3244:announced he was overriding the military
3117:
3048:Sadat and six diplomats were assassinated
2912:History of Egypt under Gamal Abdel Nasser
1994:Egyptian soldier of the Achaemenid army,
1787:of a unified Egypt set the stage for the
1722:Early Dynastic Period and the Old Kingdom
7816:Legitimacy of territorial establishment
4837:
4234:Anglo French motivation: Derek Hopwood,
4037:
3910:. Oxford University Press. p. 107.
3874:
3848:Egypt after the Pharaohs 332 BC β AD 642
3569:"The Nile Valley 6000β4000 BC Neolithic"
3370:
3151:
2991:
2915:
2837:. Saad Zaghlul was popularly elected as
2716:(in September 1848), then by a grandson
2688:
2597:
2546:
2406:
2357:
2264:
2175:became the capital city and a center of
2135:
2107:
1989:
1897:
1762:
1607:
5308:Biographical Dictionary of Modern Egypt
5216:
4918:
4863:
4679:"Don't Ignore Electoral Fraud in Egypt"
4677:and Cynthia Farahat (24 January 2012).
3355:Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
3100:62 people, mostly tourists, were killed
3057:
2609:The expulsion of the French in 1801 by
2593:
2435:as the seat of the Caliphate under the
9822:
8801:Historical flags of the British Empire
8785:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
5265:
5164:"Egypt's War against the Gaza Tunnels"
4928:Fleishman, Jeffrey (6 December 2012).
4838:Birnbaum, Michael (22 November 2012).
4755:
4695:
4148:. Cambridge University Press. p.
3845:
3719:
3603:
3240:On 8 July 2012, Egypt's new president
3042:and led to Egypt's expulsion from the
2962:, Israel invaded and occupied Egypt's
2388:
2339:
1547:and the creation of the international
1280:List of pharaohs by period and dynasty
9416:
9265:
8867:
8841:
8676:
8588:
8325:
7834:
7506:
7181:
7074:
6998:
6429:
6240:
6063:
5904:
5423:
5384:
5277:Europe External Programme with Africa
4864:Spencer, Richard (23 November 2012).
4732:
4726:
4236:Egypt: Politics and Society 1945β1981
4018:
3530:"French Invasion of Egypt, 1798-1801"
3360:
3324:Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013β2014)
3253:Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt
3215:
2970:, which Egypt had occupied since the
1559:economic policy. He led Egypt in the
6979:
5219:"Egypt's Return to Authoritarianism"
5146:"Egypt's Sisi sworn in as president"
4880:from the original on 11 January 2022
4819:. Associated Press. 23 November 2012
3804:
2372:conquered by the Arab Islamic Empire
2097:
2061:, also known as the Second Egyptian
1340:, as well as the accomplishments of
46:move details into the article's body
17:
9442:
8612:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands
7455:. British Cameroons is now part of
6969:
5332:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
5310:(Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1999).
5063:Czech News Agency (24 March 2014).
4531:from the original on 2 January 2022
3937:. InterVarsity Press. p. 201.
3517:Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
2254:
2147:. The green areas were lost to the
1829:Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
13:
7471:unilaterally declared independence
7166:1708β1757, 1763β1782 and 1798β1802
5283:
4384:... concerns over tourism's future
4070:Egyptology: The Missing Millennium
3907:The Oxford Handbook of Roman Egypt
2988:History of Egypt under Anwar Sadat
2861:to abdicate in support of his son
2681:History of Egypt under the British
2493:Evolution of the Fatimid Caliphate
2230:Egypt quickly became the Empire's
2017:, from 525 BC to 402 BC, save for
1985:
1902:New Kingdom in the 15th century BC
1890:Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
1821:First Intermediate Period of Egypt
1354:Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
14:
9846:
8678:Antarctica and the South Atlantic
8657:Occupied by Argentina during the
8589:
7835:
6350:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces
5346:Women in nineteenth-century Egypt
4598:from the original on 29 June 2012
2431:for the next six centuries, with
9803:
9794:
9793:
9301:
9168:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
8938:Democratic Republic of the Congo
8821:
8812:
8811:
8224:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
6978:
6968:
6958:
6949:
6948:
6207:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
5410:
5217:Mehmood, Ashna (31 March 2021).
4696:Weaver, Matthew (24 June 2012).
3381:blocking the canal in March 2021
2759:. They reinstalled Ismail's son
2675:British Protectorate (1882β1952)
2536:
2518:
2498:
2486:
1518:Anglo-Egyptian agreement of 1954
492:
91:
22:
6691:Identification card controversy
5300:(1998) pp 217β84 on 1879β1923.
5247:
5229:
5210:
5192:
5174:
5156:
5138:
5112:
5099:
5079:
5056:
5038:
5019:
5001:
4983:
4965:
4947:
4892:
4831:
4809:
4783:
4772:
4749:
4708:
4689:
4667:
4651:
4632:
4610:
4580:
4565:
4543:
4510:
4452:
4430:
4412:
4396:
4376:
4363:
4284:
4271:
4254:
4241:
4228:
4215:
4183:
4166:
4133:
4118:
4062:
4021:Coptic Egypt: History and Guide
4012:
3985:
3924:
3897:
3868:
3839:
3798:
3773:
3756:"Thirty First Dynasty of Egypt"
3748:
3691:"The Kushite Conquest of Egypt"
3558:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
2423:Muslim rulers nominated by the
2015:Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
1868:and relocated the capital from
1594:Predynastic Egypt (pre-3150 BC)
1482:Egypt remained entirely Ottoman
9761:British Indian Ocean Territory
8720:Australian Antarctic Territory
7576:since 1965 (before as part of
7573:British Indian Ocean Territory
7459:, while Tanganyika is part of
7090:since 1960 (before as part of
5597:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt
5315:Historical Dictionary of Egypt
4733:Fahmy, Mohamed (9 July 2012).
4683:Daniel Pipes Middle East Forum
4393:. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
4249:Historical Dictionary of Egypt
3904:Riggs, Christina, ed. (2012).
3875:Stanwick, Paul Edmond (2003).
3852:University of California Press
3781:"Late Period of Ancient Egypt"
3683:
3624:
3587:
3561:
3548:
3522:
3505:
3317:
2949:Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
2693:Nationalists demonstrating in
2214:
1728:Early dynastic period of Egypt
1672:and more centralized society.
1434:between 619 and 629, known as
1286:Periodization of ancient Egypt
1:
5905:
5313:Goldschmidt Jr., Arthur. ed.
5306:Goldschmidt Jr., Arthur, ed.
4756:Watson, Ivan (10 July 2012).
4491:Uppsala Conflict Data Program
4144:The Ottoman Empire, 1700β1922
3807:"Egyptian mummy DNA, at last"
3499:
3128:
3108:Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut
2905:
2872:Republican Egypt (since 1953)
2141:
2092:
2059:Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
2009:In the sixth century BC, the
1995:
593:
9293:History of the Middle East
7031:British Overseas Territories
6224:Twin towns and sister cities
6064:
5736:Assassination of Anwar Sadat
3825:10.1126/science.356.6341.894
3658:10.1371/journal.pone.0235414
3328:During the months after the
3308:Supreme Constitutional Court
3209:first parliamentary election
2981:
2720:(in November 1848), then by
2554:(1470β1520), conquered Egypt
2013:conquered Egypt. The entire
1894:Late Period of ancient Egypt
1707:Dynastic Egypt (3150β332 BC)
1446:and other Muslim dynasties:
1370:under the first king of the
7:
8747:British Antarctic Territory
8457:Western Pacific Territories
8351:
6752:Vehicle registration plates
6430:
6406:Water supply and sanitation
6241:
5424:
5371:Williams, Henry Smith (Ed.)
4440:. Gemsofislamism.tripod.com
3484:Population history of Egypt
3462:
3302:crisis. On 3 July, General
3287:A constitutional referendum
3275:The move was criticized by
3135:Egyptian revolution of 2011
3124:Egyptian Crisis (2011β2014)
2890:was declared, with General
2878:History of republican Egypt
1954:came during this period as
1604:Population history of Egypt
1576:Egyptian revolution of 2011
1506:Egyptian revolution of 1919
10:
9851:
9835:History of Egypt by period
8485:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
7902:British Arctic Territories
7182:
7075:
6411:Water resources management
5109:". Reuters. 14 April 2015.
5009:"Egypt's Morsi overthrown"
4438:"Timeline of modern Egypt"
3850:(2nd ed.). Berkeley:
3364:
3321:
3219:
3132:
3121:
3061:
2985:
2909:
2875:
2829:drafted and implemented a
2678:
2540:
2509:(in pink) at the death of
2392:
2343:
2305:Sassanid Conquest of Egypt
2258:
2223:
2101:
2053:Second Achaemenid conquest
2049:, was defeated in battle.
2043:fell to the Persians again
1883:
1818:
1785:first two ruling dynasties
1725:
1710:
1597:
1543:). His terms also saw the
1484:until 1805, except during
9789:
9748:
9708:
9450:
9308:
9299:
9181:
9156:
8875:
8796:
8765:
8725:Commonwealth of Australia
8683:
8672:
8643:
8595:
8584:
8550:
8357:
8321:
8127:Newfoundland and Labrador
7841:
7830:
7808:League of Nations mandate
7789:
7513:
7502:
7483:Lancaster House Agreement
7453:League of Nations mandate
7442:
7188:
7177:
7081:
7070:
7037:
6944:
6770:
6442:
6438:
6425:
6306:Impact on the environment
6296:Entrepreneurship policies
6249:
6236:
6072:
6059:
5913:
5900:
5868:
5770:
5436:
5432:
5419:
5352:Vatikiotis, P.J. (1991).
4504:11 September 2015 at the
4389:24 September 2013 at the
4371:Muslim Extremism in Egypt
4212:, published c. 1973, p 2.
4193:13#3 (1977), pp. 295β313
3881:University of Texas Press
3711:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3205:constitutional referendum
2627:Kavalali Mehmed Ali Pasha
1958:, although some consider
1847:second period of disunity
1835:First Intermediate Period
1799:, constructed during the
1584:2013 Egyptian coup d'Γ©tat
1565:EgyptβIsrael peace treaty
1512:was established. While a
1397:, which gave rise to the
1382:in the sixth century BC.
254:Roman and Byzantine Egypt
9510:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
8923:Central African Republic
8255:Turks and Caicos Islands
7562:(protectorate) 1907β1949
7507:
7134:(integrated into the UK)
6077:Administrative divisions
5753:2011 Egyptian revolution
5694:1952 Egyptian revolution
5490:Lighthouse of Alexandria
5317:(Scarecrow Press, 1994).
4251:(Scarecrow, 1984), p. 17
4140:Donald Quataert (2005).
4129:U.S. Library of Congress
3931:Olson, Roger E. (2014).
3554:Midant-Reynes, BΓ©atrix.
3233:won 25% of the vote and
3164:'s statement announcing
2707:1952 Egyptian revolution
2578:, creating the field of
2568:French invasion of Egypt
2543:History of Ottoman Egypt
2301:was firmly established.
2183:The last ruler from the
2163:extending from southern
2151:thirty five years later.
1717:History of ancient Egypt
1624:figurine. Second row: a
1440:Muslim conquest of Egypt
9771:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
8538:1919β1942 and 1945β1968
8363:18th and 19th centuries
8179:Queen Charlotte Islands
8139:North-Western Territory
8111:1665β1674 and 1702β1776
7714:1781β1784 and 1795β1819
7379:1923β1965 and 1979β1980
7062:Commonwealth of Nations
6281:Egyptian stock exchange
4620:. BBC. 13 February 2011
4553:. BBC. 11 February 2010
4309:CIA- The World Factbook
4221:Nejla M. Abu Izzeddin,
4208:Nejla M. Abu Izzeddin,
4092:"The Mideast Heartland"
4050:. Encyclopaedia Iranica
3846:Bowman, Alan K (1996).
3736:. Encyclopaedia Iranica
3262:Mohamed Hussein Tantawi
3012:Sadat switched Egypt's
2882:History of modern Egypt
2839:Prime Minister of Egypt
2812:first modern revolution
2777:, was changed again to
2763:as the figurehead of a
2685:History of modern Egypt
2474:. The mid-14th-century
2346:History of Muslim Egypt
2220:Roman province of Egypt
1825:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
1523:The modern Republic of
199:3rd Intermediate Period
179:2nd Intermediate Period
159:1st Intermediate Period
8288:West Indies Federation
7477:) and continued as an
7060:Current member of the
6612:International rankings
5617:EgyptianβEthiopian War
4464:From the Holy Mountain
4360:, Scribner, 2002, p.57
4279:Egypt, A Short History
4191:Middle Eastern Studies
3992:Nash, John F. (2008).
3489:Timeline of Alexandria
3382:
3169:
3118:Civil unrest (2011β14)
3085:al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya
3009:
2947:with North Yemen (the
2921:
2855:Free Officers Movement
2841:in 1924. In 1936, the
2757:battle of Tel el-Kebir
2698:
2606:
2555:
2439:. With the end of the
2420:
2415:, of medieval Fatimid
2363:
2299:Egyptian Coptic Church
2297:in AD 451, a distinct
2278:
2152:
2133:
2130:Dendera Temple complex
2006:
1903:
1780:
1637:
1590:as president in 2014.
1470:(1250β1517). In 1517,
1084:Twenty-seventh Dynasty
9083:SΓ£o TomΓ© and PrΓncipe
8943:Republic of the Congo
8210:Saint Kitts and Nevis
7481:state until the 1979
7087:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
6217:Terrorism and tourism
5675:1948 ArabβIsraeli War
5507:Library of Alexandria
5348:(Cambridge UP, 1985).
5341:(Princeton UP, 2015).
4577:/AP, 11 February 2011
4495:Conflict Encyclopedia
4347:, Scribner, 2002, p.4
4264:16#1 (1973): 109-24.
3519:51.4 (2011): 653-665.
3474:History of Alexandria
3423:During the 2020β2021
3374:
3299:Egyptian Armed Forces
3251:On 10 July 2012, the
3155:
2995:
2972:1948 ArabβIsraeli War
2919:
2886:On 18 June 1953, the
2843:Anglo-Egyptian Treaty
2822:on 22 February 1922.
2814:. The revolt led the
2692:
2656:(1833), and parts of
2601:
2550:
2410:
2361:
2268:
2139:
2111:
1993:
1901:
1807:, constructed in the
1766:
1701:Egyptian hieroglyphic
1681:Upper and Lower Egypt
1640:There is evidence of
1611:
1466:(1171β1260), and the
1368:Upper and Lower Egypt
1358:Great Pyramid of Giza
1217:Thirty-fourth Dynasty
1173:Thirty-second Dynasty
1100:Twenty-eighth Dynasty
1022:Twenty-fourth Dynasty
996:Twenty-second Dynasty
139:Early Dynastic Period
9685:United Arab Emirates
9397:United Arab Emirates
8738:Realm of New Zealand
8736:(transferred to the
8723:(transferred to the
8556:Realm of New Zealand
8157:Prince Edward Island
8035:1671β1816, 1833β1960
6928:World Heritage Sites
6747:Units of measurement
6202:Proposed new capital
5948:Environmental issues
5709:United Arab Republic
5602:Muhammad Ali dynasty
5293:(Syracuse UP, 1991).
4594:. 11 February 2011.
4125:Egypt β Major Cities
4088:Abu-Lughod, Janet L.
4019:Kamil, Jill (1997).
3534:www.HistoryOfWar.org
3367:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
3304:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
3058:Terrorist insurgency
2937:United Arab Republic
2835:parliamentary system
2604:Muhammad Ali dynasty
2594:Muhammed Ali Dynasty
2295:Council of Chalcedon
1886:New Kingdom of Egypt
1732:Old Kingdom of Egypt
1675:By about 6000 BC, a
1588:Abdel Fattah al-Sisi
1549:Non-Aligned Movement
1537:United Arab Republic
1346:Egyptian hieroglyphs
1251:Thirty-fifth Dynasty
1186:Thirty-third Dynasty
1142:(2nd Persian Period)
1140:Thirty-first Dynasty
1113:Twenty-ninth Dynasty
1086:(1st Persian Period)
1070:Twenty-sixth Dynasty
1035:Twenty-fifth Dynasty
1009:Twenty-third Dynasty
983:Twenty-first Dynasty
409:Muhammad Ali dynasty
9712:limited recognition
9158:States with limited
8769:Since 2009 part of
8661:of AprilβJune 1982.
8248:Trinidad and Tobago
7862:Antigua and Barbuda
7762:Straits Settlements
6600:Freedom of religion
6495:Mass sexual assault
5860:Timekeeping devices
5758:2013 Rabaa massacre
5731:EgyptianβLibyan War
5320:Petry, Carl F. ed.
5261:. 14 December 2020.
5092:The Washington Post
4979:. 26 December 2012.
4961:. 25 December 2012.
4904:Wall Street Journal
4873:The Daily Telegraph
4844:The Washington Post
4223:Nasser of the Arabs
4210:Nasser of the Arabs
4072:. London: UCL Press
3972:on 20 December 2011
3649:2020PLoSO..1535414S
3575:on 14 February 2009
3375:Satellite image of
2833:in 1923 based on a
2602:Map of Egypt under
2389:Late Medieval Egypt
2340:Early Islamic Egypt
2283:Mark the Evangelist
2205:Hellenistic culture
1912:international power
1795:, most notably the
1775:, built during the
1742:series of dynasties
1660:-grinding culture.
1531:in 1956, President
1500:. After the end of
1424:Roman rule in Egypt
1391:Alexander the Great
897:Seventeenth Dynasty
832:Second Intermediate
575:Pre-dynastic period
244:Ptolemaic dynasties
7921:Cape Breton Island
7812:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
7654:Unfederated States
7469:Southern Rhodesia
7056:Commonwealth realm
6790:Art (contemporary)
6470:Capital punishment
6360:Telecommunications
6037:Towns and villages
6005:Qattara Depression
5818:Muslim Brotherhood
5788:Cigarette industry
5648:British occupation
5559:Crusader invasions
5529:Rashidun Caliphate
5344:Tucker, Judith E.
5337:Tignor, Robert L.
5170:. 4 February 2018.
5052:. 18 January 2014.
4797:. 22 November 2012
4525:The New York Times
4262:Historical Journal
4180:. 22 November 2006
3854:. pp. 25β26.
3511:SΓ€nger, Patrick. "
3383:
3361:El-Sisi Presidency
3346:sentenced to death
3270:Muslim Brotherhood
3258:Muslim Brotherhood
3216:Morsi's presidency
3170:
3064:Terrorism in Egypt
3010:
2953:United Arab States
2922:
2920:Gamal Abdel Nasser
2896:Gamal Abdel Nasser
2796:Dinshaway Incident
2699:
2607:
2588:Battle of the Nile
2572:Napoleon Bonaparte
2556:
2507:Sultanate of Egypt
2421:
2364:
2279:
2277:churches in Egypt.
2153:
2145: 235 BC
2134:
2025:, was an entirely
2007:
1904:
1866:Eighteenth Dynasty
1864:, who founded the
1781:
1687:and the successor
1656:was replaced by a
1638:
1616:ivory figurine, a
1533:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1504:and following the
1498:Anglo-Egyptian War
1494:Khedivate of Egypt
1448:Rashidun Caliphate
974:Third Intermediate
940:Nineteenth Dynasty
927:Eighteenth Dynasty
841:Fourteenth Dynasty
811:Thirteenth Dynasty
692:First Intermediate
456:Sultanate of Egypt
446:British occupation
419:Khedivate of Egypt
291:Rashidun caliphate
112:Predynastic Period
9817:
9816:
9754:other territories
9410:
9409:
9259:
9258:
9185:other territories
8958:Equatorial Guinea
8869:History of Africa
8835:
8834:
8792:
8791:
8668:
8667:
8600:Providence Island
8580:
8579:
8545:
8544:
8413:Western Australia
8381:Van Diemen's Land
8317:
8316:
8294:Associated States
7992:Columbia District
7826:
7825:
7680:Manila and Cavite
7498:
7497:
7377:Southern Rhodesia
7371:South-West Africa
7321:Northern Rhodesia
7233:Cape of Good Hope
7173:
7172:
7050:Current territory
6992:
6991:
6940:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6864:Football stadiums
6795:Botanical gardens
6674:Catholic dioceses
6566:Gender inequality
6490:Human trafficking
6421:
6420:
6355:Tallest buildings
6316:Military industry
6232:
6231:
6173:Political parties
6126:Islamic extremism
6114:Foreign relations
6055:
6054:
5896:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5636:French occupation
5554:Fatimid Caliphate
5549:Ikhshidid dynasty
5363:978-0-297-82034-5
5124:English.Ahram.org
5013:www.aljazeera.com
4934:Los Angeles Times
4906:. 6 December 2012
4720:www.aljazeera.com
4460:William Dalrymple
4424:The Looming Tower
4332:Vatikiotis (1991)
4277:James Jankowski,
4159:978-0-521-83910-5
4111:978-0-19-506774-3
4068:El-Daly, Okasha.
3917:978-0-19-957145-1
3890:978-0-292-77772-9
3861:978-0-520-20531-4
3805:Wade, L. (2017).
3494:Timeline of Cairo
3277:Mohamed ElBaradei
3186:Egyptian military
3092:Rifaat el-Mahgoub
3079:The 1990s saw an
2888:Egyptian Republic
2527:an-Nasir Muhammad
2464:conquest of Egypt
2425:Islamic Caliphate
2395:Fatimid Caliphate
2354:Ikhshidid dynasty
2185:Ptolemaic dynasty
2161:Hellenistic state
2157:Ptolemaic Kingdom
2104:Ptolemaic Kingdom
2098:Ptolemaic Kingdom
2039:Thirtieth Dynasty
2011:Achaemenid Empire
1797:pyramid of Djoser
1600:Prehistoric Egypt
1551:. His successor,
1486:French occupation
1464:Ayyubid Sultanate
1460:Fatimid Caliphate
1456:Abbasid Caliphate
1452:Umayyad Caliphate
1402:Ptolemaic Kingdom
1395:Macedonian Empire
1380:Achaemenid Empire
1322:
1321:
1269:
1268:
1231:
1230:
1197:
1196:
1164:Hellenistic Egypt
1154:
1153:
1126:Thirtieth Dynasty
1051:
1050:
964:
963:
953:Twentieth Dynasty
908:
907:
872:Sixteenth Dynasty
854:Fifteenth Dynasty
822:
821:
765:
764:
682:
681:
613:
612:
533:
532:
484:
483:
437:Late Modern Egypt
427:
426:
399:French occupation
369:
368:
331:Ikhshidid dynasty
301:Umayyad caliphate
272:
271:
226:Greco-Roman Egypt
217:
216:
120:
119:
103:Prehistoric Egypt
63:
62:
42:length guidelines
9842:
9830:History of Egypt
9807:
9797:
9796:
9766:Christmas Island
9452:Sovereign states
9437:
9430:
9423:
9414:
9413:
9305:
9286:
9279:
9272:
9263:
9262:
9246:
9245:(United Kingdom)
9241:Tristan da Cunha
9237:Ascension Island
9229:
9216:
9207:
9183:Dependencies and
8876:Sovereign states
8862:
8855:
8848:
8839:
8838:
8825:
8815:
8814:
8780:Antarctic Treaty
8741:
8728:
8713:Falkland Islands
8705:Tristan da Cunha
8697:Ascension Island
8674:
8673:
8625:Falkland Islands
8586:
8585:
8554:Now part of the
8426:Pitcairn Islands
8391:Auckland Islands
8360:
8359:
8346:
8339:
8332:
8323:
8322:
8308:Windward Islands
8262:Vancouver Island
8039:MassachusettsBay
7908:British Columbia
7832:
7831:
7648:Federated States
7504:
7503:
7414:Tristan da Cunha
7383:Southern Nigeria
7315:Northern Nigeria
7194:Ascension Island
7179:
7178:
7135:
7072:
7071:
7046:Former territory
7043:
7019:
7012:
7005:
6996:
6995:
6982:
6981:
6972:
6971:
6962:
6952:
6951:
6757:Waste management
6522:Academic grading
6440:
6439:
6427:
6426:
6399:Railway stations
6377:Cultural tourism
6276:Economic regions
6238:
6237:
6061:
6060:
5902:
5901:
5571:Mamluk Sultanate
5502:Diocese of Egypt
5485:Battle of Actium
5434:
5433:
5421:
5420:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5382:
5381:
5367:
5278:
5272:
5263:
5262:
5251:
5245:
5244:
5243:. 23 April 2019.
5233:
5227:
5226:
5223:Modern Diplomacy
5214:
5208:
5207:
5196:
5190:
5189:
5178:
5172:
5171:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5142:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5116:
5110:
5103:
5097:
5096:
5095:. 28 April 2015.
5083:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5023:
5017:
5016:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4925:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4869:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4671:
4665:
4655:
4649:
4648:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4584:
4578:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4522:
4514:
4508:
4488:
4479:
4458:As described by
4456:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4434:
4428:
4416:
4410:
4400:
4394:
4380:
4374:
4367:
4361:
4354:
4348:
4341:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4315:
4301:
4295:
4288:
4282:
4275:
4269:
4258:
4252:
4245:
4239:
4232:
4226:
4219:
4213:
4206:
4197:
4187:
4181:
4170:
4164:
4163:
4147:
4137:
4131:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4084:
4073:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4044:
4035:
4034:
4016:
4010:
4009:
3989:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3968:. Archived from
3958:
3949:
3948:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3730:
3717:
3716:
3710:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3670:
3660:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3610:
3601:
3596:, Ian Shaw, ed.
3594:Bard, Kathryn A.
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3565:
3559:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3536:. History of War
3526:
3520:
3509:
3469:History of Cairo
3447:, starting from
3403:authoritarianism
3334:new constitution
3174:civil resistance
3156:Celebrations in
2734:Ethiopian Empire
2522:
2502:
2490:
2429:control of Egypt
2403:Mamluk Sultanate
2261:Diocese of Egypt
2255:Diocese of Egypt
2167:in the east, to
2146:
2143:
2140:Ptolemaic Egypt
2116:Ptolemaic queen
2000:
1997:
1962:to be a form of
1851:Semitic-speaking
1773:Pyramids of Giza
1746:Egyptian culture
1650:hunter-gatherers
1634:cosmetic palette
1510:Kingdom of Egypt
1468:Mamluk Sultanate
1364:Ancient Egyptian
1326:history of Egypt
1314:
1307:
1300:
1246:
1245:
1219:(Roman Pharaohs)
1212:
1211:
1169:
1168:
1066:
1065:
979:
978:
923:
922:
837:
836:
785:Eleventh Dynasty
780:
779:
754:Eleventh Dynasty
697:
696:
628:
627:
595:
571:
570:
535:
534:
525:
518:
511:
499:Egypt portal
497:
496:
495:
466:Kingdom of Egypt
442:
441:
385:
384:
287:
286:
230:
229:
135:
134:
108:
107:
95:
85:
67:
66:
58:
55:
49:
40:Please read the
26:
25:
18:
9850:
9849:
9845:
9844:
9843:
9841:
9840:
9839:
9820:
9819:
9818:
9813:
9785:
9753:
9744:
9725:Northern Cyprus
9711:
9704:
9446:
9444:History of Asia
9441:
9411:
9406:
9306:
9295:
9290:
9260:
9255:
9254:
9244:
9227:
9214:
9205:
9186:
9184:
9177:
9161:
9159:
9152:
8871:
8866:
8836:
8831:
8788:
8761:
8735:
8733:Ross Dependency
8722:
8679:
8664:
8639:
8591:
8576:
8546:
8541:
8497:
8492:Solomon Islands
8439:North Australia
8419:South Australia
8375:New South Wales
8353:
8350:
8313:
8033:Leeward Islands
7837:
7822:
7785:
7692:Muscat and Oman
7509:
7494:
7438:
7184:
7169:
7133:
7077:
7066:
7041:
7033:
7023:
6993:
6988:
6932:
6923:Public holidays
6913:National anthem
6766:
6679:Coptic Churches
6622:Egyptian Arabic
6532:Medical schools
6434:
6417:
6333:Nuclear program
6245:
6228:
6158:Nationality law
6151:Supreme Council
6136:Law enforcement
6068:
6051:
6027:Sinai Peninsula
6010:Red Sea Riviera
5909:
5888:
5864:
5766:
5653:1919 revolution
5641:Revolt of Cairo
5566:Ayyubid dynasty
5544:Tulunid dynasty
5428:
5415:
5409:
5364:
5289:Botman, Selma.
5286:
5284:Further reading
5281:
5273:
5266:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5235:
5234:
5230:
5215:
5211:
5198:
5197:
5193:
5188:. 2 April 2018.
5180:
5179:
5175:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5144:
5143:
5139:
5129:
5127:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5104:
5100:
5085:
5084:
5080:
5070:
5068:
5061:
5057:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5024:
5020:
5007:
5006:
5002:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4938:
4936:
4926:
4919:
4909:
4907:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4883:
4881:
4862:
4858:
4848:
4846:
4836:
4832:
4822:
4820:
4815:
4814:
4810:
4800:
4798:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4763:
4761:
4754:
4750:
4740:
4738:
4731:
4727:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4694:
4690:
4672:
4668:
4656:
4652:
4637:
4633:
4623:
4621:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4601:
4599:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4575:Huffington Post
4570:
4566:
4556:
4554:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4534:
4532:
4515:
4511:
4506:Wayback Machine
4489:
4482:
4457:
4453:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4419:Lawrence Wright
4417:
4413:
4401:
4397:
4391:Wayback Machine
4381:
4377:
4369:Kepel, Gilles,
4368:
4364:
4356:Murphy, Caryle
4355:
4351:
4343:Murphy, Caryle
4342:
4338:
4330:
4326:
4313:
4311:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4289:
4285:
4276:
4272:
4259:
4255:
4246:
4242:
4233:
4229:
4220:
4216:
4207:
4200:
4188:
4184:
4171:
4167:
4160:
4138:
4134:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4085:
4076:
4067:
4063:
4053:
4051:
4046:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4017:
4013:
4006:
3990:
3986:
3975:
3973:
3960:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3902:
3898:
3891:
3873:
3869:
3862:
3844:
3840:
3803:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3739:
3737:
3732:
3731:
3720:
3704:
3703:
3696:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3643:(7): e0235414.
3629:
3625:
3620:. 16 July 2020.
3612:
3611:
3604:
3592:
3588:
3578:
3576:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3553:
3549:
3539:
3537:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3465:
3418:Nation's Future
3409:in April 2019.
3369:
3363:
3326:
3320:
3224:
3218:
3194:Sharm el-Sheikh
3147:civil liberties
3137:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3066:
3060:
2990:
2984:
2964:Sinai Peninsula
2951:) known as the
2914:
2908:
2892:Muhammad Naguib
2884:
2876:Main articles:
2874:
2851:1952 Revolution
2724:(in 1854), and
2687:
2679:Main articles:
2677:
2596:
2545:
2539:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2514:
2503:
2494:
2491:
2444:Ayyubid dynasty
2413:Al-Azhar Mosque
2405:
2399:Ayyubid dynasty
2393:Main articles:
2391:
2356:
2344:Main articles:
2342:
2326:Sasanian Empire
2307:
2275:Coptic Orthodox
2263:
2257:
2228:
2222:
2217:
2209:Muslim conquest
2159:was a powerful
2149:Seleucid Empire
2144:
2120:and her son by
2106:
2100:
2095:
2086:Johannes Krause
2055:
2023:Psammetichus IV
1998:
1988:
1986:Achaemenid rule
1966:rather than of
1896:
1884:Main articles:
1882:
1831:
1819:Main articles:
1817:
1740:, leading to a
1734:
1726:Main articles:
1724:
1719:
1711:Main articles:
1709:
1606:
1598:Main articles:
1596:
1490:tributary state
1432:Sasanian Empire
1416:. The death of
1406:Ptolemy I Soter
1318:
1289:
1283:
1271:
1270:
1265:379 AD β 641 AD
1259:
1253:
1243:
1241:Byzantine Egypt
1233:
1232:
1221:
1218:
1209:
1199:
1198:
1166:
1156:
1155:
1144:
1141:
1088:
1085:
1063:
1053:
1052:
976:
966:
965:
920:
910:
909:
834:
824:
823:
798:Twelfth Dynasty
777:
767:
766:
701:Seventh Dynasty
694:
684:
683:
625:
615:
614:
568:
558:
529:
493:
491:
486:
485:
439:
429:
428:
382:
371:
370:
351:Ayyubid dynasty
341:Fatimid dynasty
321:Tulunid dynasty
311:Abbasid dynasty
284:
274:
273:
227:
219:
218:
132:
122:
121:
105:
83:
76:
59:
53:
50:
39:
36:may be too long
31:This article's
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
9848:
9838:
9837:
9832:
9815:
9814:
9812:
9811:
9801:
9790:
9787:
9786:
9784:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9768:
9763:
9757:
9755:
9746:
9745:
9743:
9742:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9722:
9716:
9714:
9706:
9705:
9703:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9662:
9657:
9652:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9592:
9587:
9582:
9577:
9572:
9567:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9456:
9454:
9448:
9447:
9440:
9439:
9432:
9425:
9417:
9408:
9407:
9405:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9309:
9307:
9300:
9297:
9296:
9289:
9288:
9281:
9274:
9266:
9257:
9256:
9253:
9252:
9250:Western Sahara
9247:
9230:
9217:
9208:
9194:Canary Islands
9190:
9189:
9187:
9182:
9179:
9178:
9176:
9175:
9170:
9164:
9162:
9157:
9154:
9153:
9151:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9020:
9015:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8975:
8970:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8879:
8877:
8873:
8872:
8865:
8864:
8857:
8850:
8842:
8833:
8832:
8830:
8829:
8819:
8809:
8803:
8797:
8794:
8793:
8790:
8789:
8787:
8786:
8783:
8776:
8766:
8763:
8762:
8760:
8759:
8751:
8743:
8730:
8717:
8709:
8701:
8693:
8684:
8681:
8680:
8670:
8669:
8666:
8665:
8663:
8662:
8655:
8644:
8641:
8640:
8638:
8637:
8629:
8621:
8615:
8609:
8606:Willoughbyland
8603:
8596:
8593:
8592:
8582:
8581:
8578:
8577:
8575:
8574:
8564:
8558:
8551:
8548:
8547:
8543:
8542:
8540:
8539:
8533:
8527:
8520:
8513:
8507:
8500:
8498:
8496:
8495:
8488:
8482:
8476:
8466:
8460:
8454:
8448:
8442:
8436:
8430:
8422:
8416:
8406:
8400:
8394:
8388:
8378:
8371:
8368:
8367:
8364:
8358:
8355:
8354:
8349:
8348:
8341:
8334:
8326:
8319:
8318:
8315:
8314:
8312:
8311:
8305:
8299:
8298:
8297:
8285:
8279:
8273:
8269:Virgin Islands
8265:
8259:
8251:
8245:
8239:
8236:South Carolina
8233:
8227:
8220:
8213:
8206:
8200:
8194:
8188:
8182:
8172:
8166:
8160:
8154:
8148:
8142:
8136:
8133:North Carolina
8130:
8124:
8118:
8112:
8106:
8100:
8094:
8088:
8082:
8076:
8070:
8067:Mosquito Coast
8064:
8056:
8050:
8049:
8048:
8036:
8030:
8023:
8017:
8011:
8005:
7999:
7996:Oregon Country
7989:
7985:Cayman Islands
7981:
7975:
7974:
7973:
7967:
7961:
7955:
7943:
7936:
7930:
7924:
7918:
7917:
7916:
7905:
7899:
7891:
7884:
7878:
7872:
7865:
7858:
7851:
7842:
7839:
7838:
7828:
7827:
7824:
7823:
7821:
7820:
7814:
7805:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7784:
7783:
7777:
7774:Trucial States
7771:
7765:
7759:
7753:
7747:
7746:
7745:
7733:
7727:
7721:
7715:
7709:
7708:
7707:
7695:
7689:
7683:
7677:
7671:
7670:
7669:
7663:
7657:
7651:
7639:
7633:
7627:
7621:
7615:
7609:
7603:
7597:
7591:
7585:
7569:
7563:
7557:
7551:
7541:
7535:
7534:
7533:
7521:
7514:
7511:
7510:
7500:
7499:
7496:
7495:
7493:
7492:
7486:
7467:Self-governing
7464:
7450:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7436:
7430:
7424:
7418:
7410:
7404:
7398:
7392:
7386:
7380:
7374:
7368:
7362:
7356:
7350:
7344:
7336:
7330:
7324:
7318:
7312:
7306:
7300:
7294:
7288:
7282:
7276:
7270:
7260:
7254:
7248:
7242:
7239:Central Africa
7236:
7230:
7224:
7218:
7208:
7198:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7175:
7174:
7171:
7170:
7168:
7167:
7161:
7160:
7159:
7153:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7127:
7124:Ionian Islands
7121:
7115:
7107:
7101:
7095:
7082:
7079:
7078:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7064:
7058:
7052:
7047:
7044:
7038:
7035:
7034:
7027:British Empire
7022:
7021:
7014:
7007:
6999:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6986:
6976:
6966:
6956:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6899:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6873:
6868:
6867:
6866:
6861:
6859:Football clubs
6851:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6834:
6829:
6828:
6827:
6822:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6776:
6774:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6732:
6731:
6730:
6720:
6719:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6682:
6681:
6676:
6666:
6661:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6614:
6609:
6608:
6607:
6602:
6592:
6587:
6586:
6585:
6580:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6558:
6557:
6556:
6546:
6545:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6503:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6455:Animal welfare
6452:
6446:
6444:
6436:
6435:
6423:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6414:
6413:
6403:
6402:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6381:
6380:
6379:
6369:
6368:
6367:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6346:
6345:
6338:Power stations
6335:
6330:
6329:
6328:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6286:Egyptian pound
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6267:
6266:
6256:
6250:
6247:
6246:
6234:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6190:Prime Minister
6187:
6186:
6185:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6154:
6153:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6057:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5995:Northern coast
5992:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5898:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5774:
5772:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5755:
5745:
5740:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5726:Yom Kippur War
5718:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5628:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5609:
5604:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5582:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5568:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5521:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5470:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5448:
5442:
5440:
5430:
5429:
5417:
5416:
5408:
5407:
5400:
5393:
5385:
5379:
5378:
5368:
5362:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5318:
5311:
5304:
5294:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5264:
5246:
5228:
5209:
5191:
5173:
5168:Israel Defense
5155:
5152:. 8 June 2014.
5137:
5126:. Ahram Online
5111:
5098:
5078:
5055:
5037:
5018:
5000:
4997:. 3 July 2013.
4982:
4964:
4946:
4917:
4891:
4856:
4830:
4808:
4782:
4771:
4748:
4725:
4707:
4688:
4666:
4650:
4645:www.aph.gov.au
4631:
4609:
4579:
4564:
4542:
4509:
4480:
4451:
4429:
4411:
4395:
4375:
4362:
4349:
4336:
4334:, p. 443.
4324:
4296:
4283:
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4165:
4158:
4132:
4117:
4110:
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4061:
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4011:
4004:
3984:
3950:
3943:
3923:
3916:
3896:
3889:
3867:
3860:
3838:
3797:
3772:
3747:
3718:
3682:
3623:
3602:
3586:
3560:
3547:
3521:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3464:
3461:
3365:Main article:
3362:
3359:
3350:trial of Morsi
3322:Main article:
3319:
3316:
3220:Main article:
3217:
3214:
3168:'s resignation
3133:Main article:
3130:
3127:
3122:Main article:
3119:
3116:
3081:Islamist group
3062:Main article:
3059:
3056:
3006:Anwar Al Sadat
2998:Menachem Begin
2986:Main article:
2983:
2980:
2910:Main article:
2907:
2904:
2873:
2870:
2827:new government
2738:Battle of Gura
2676:
2673:
2650:Northern Sudan
2595:
2592:
2584:ArmΓ©e d'Orient
2541:Main article:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2517:
2515:
2504:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2472:Ottoman Empire
2390:
2387:
2341:
2338:
2314:Middle Persian
2310:Sasanian Egypt
2306:
2303:
2271:Hanging Church
2259:Main article:
2256:
2253:
2224:Main article:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2102:Main article:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2084:A team led by
2079:Artaxerxes III
2054:
2051:
2019:Petubastis III
1999: 470 BCE
1987:
1984:
1881:
1878:
1839:Middle Kingdom
1816:
1813:
1809:Fourth Dynasty
1723:
1720:
1708:
1705:
1693:dynastic Egypt
1685:Badari culture
1664:, forming the
1595:
1592:
1561:Yom Kippur War
1436:Sasanian Egypt
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1227:30 BC β 313 AD
1225:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
992:
991:
988:
985:
977:
972:
971:
968:
967:
962:
961:
958:
955:
949:
948:
945:
942:
936:
935:
932:
929:
921:
916:
915:
912:
911:
906:
905:
902:
899:
893:
892:
889:
887:
885:Abydos Dynasty
881:
880:
877:
874:
868:
867:
864:
861:
850:
849:
846:
843:
835:
830:
829:
826:
825:
820:
819:
816:
813:
807:
806:
803:
800:
794:
793:
790:
787:
778:
775:Middle Kingdom
773:
772:
769:
768:
763:
762:
759:
756:
749:
748:
745:
742:
736:
735:
732:
729:
723:
722:
719:
716:
714:Eighth Dynasty
710:
709:
706:
703:
695:
690:
689:
686:
685:
680:
679:
676:
673:
667:
666:
663:
660:
654:
653:
650:
647:
645:Fourth Dynasty
641:
640:
637:
634:
626:
621:
620:
617:
616:
611:
610:
607:
604:
602:Second Dynasty
598:
597:
591:
588:
582:
581:
579:
577:
569:
564:
563:
560:
559:
554:All years are
553:
550:
549:
531:
530:
528:
527:
520:
513:
505:
502:
501:
488:
487:
482:
481:
478:
472:
471:
468:
462:
461:
458:
452:
451:
448:
440:
435:
434:
431:
430:
425:
424:
421:
415:
414:
411:
405:
404:
401:
395:
394:
391:
383:
377:
376:
373:
372:
367:
366:
363:
361:Mamluk dynasty
357:
356:
353:
347:
346:
343:
337:
336:
333:
327:
326:
323:
317:
316:
313:
307:
306:
303:
297:
296:
293:
285:
282:Medieval Egypt
280:
279:
276:
275:
270:
269:
266:
264:Sasanian Egypt
260:
259:
256:
250:
249:
246:
240:
239:
236:
234:Argead dynasty
228:
225:
224:
221:
220:
215:
214:
211:
205:
204:
201:
195:
194:
191:
185:
184:
181:
175:
174:
171:
169:Middle Kingdom
165:
164:
161:
155:
154:
151:
145:
144:
141:
133:
128:
127:
124:
123:
118:
117:
114:
106:
101:
100:
97:
96:
88:
87:
78:
77:
70:
61:
60:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9847:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9827:
9825:
9810:
9806:
9802:
9800:
9792:
9791:
9788:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9758:
9756:
9751:
9747:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9735:South Ossetia
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9718:
9717:
9715:
9713:
9707:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9608:
9606:
9603:
9601:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9583:
9581:
9578:
9576:
9573:
9571:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9457:
9455:
9453:
9449:
9445:
9438:
9433:
9431:
9426:
9424:
9419:
9418:
9415:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9372:
9368:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9310:
9304:
9298:
9294:
9287:
9282:
9280:
9275:
9273:
9268:
9267:
9264:
9251:
9248:
9242:
9238:
9234:
9231:
9225:
9221:
9218:
9212:
9209:
9203:
9199:
9195:
9192:
9191:
9188:
9180:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9165:
9163:
9155:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9014:
9011:
9009:
9006:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8998:Guinea-Bissau
8996:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8880:
8878:
8874:
8870:
8863:
8858:
8856:
8851:
8849:
8844:
8843:
8840:
8828:
8824:
8820:
8818:
8810:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8798:
8795:
8784:
8781:
8777:
8774:
8773:
8768:
8767:
8764:
8757:
8756:
8752:
8749:
8748:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8731:
8726:
8721:
8718:
8715:
8714:
8710:
8707:
8706:
8702:
8699:
8698:
8694:
8691:
8690:
8686:
8685:
8682:
8675:
8671:
8660:
8659:Falklands War
8656:
8654:
8650:
8646:
8645:
8642:
8635:
8634:
8630:
8627:
8626:
8622:
8619:
8616:
8613:
8610:
8607:
8604:
8601:
8598:
8597:
8594:
8590:South America
8587:
8583:
8573:
8569:
8565:
8563:
8559:
8557:
8553:
8552:
8549:
8537:
8534:
8531:
8528:
8525:
8521:
8518:
8514:
8511:
8508:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8499:
8493:
8489:
8486:
8483:
8480:
8479:Union Islands
8477:
8474:
8470:
8467:
8464:
8461:
8458:
8455:
8452:
8449:
8446:
8443:
8440:
8437:
8434:
8431:
8428:
8427:
8423:
8420:
8417:
8414:
8410:
8407:
8404:
8401:
8398:
8395:
8392:
8389:
8386:
8382:
8379:
8376:
8373:
8372:
8370:
8369:
8365:
8362:
8361:
8356:
8347:
8342:
8340:
8335:
8333:
8328:
8327:
8324:
8320:
8309:
8306:
8303:
8300:
8295:
8292:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8283:
8280:
8277:
8274:
8271:
8270:
8266:
8263:
8260:
8257:
8256:
8252:
8249:
8246:
8243:
8240:
8237:
8234:
8231:
8228:
8225:
8221:
8218:
8214:
8211:
8207:
8204:
8201:
8198:
8195:
8192:
8191:Rupert's Land
8189:
8186:
8183:
8180:
8176:
8173:
8170:
8167:
8164:
8161:
8158:
8155:
8152:
8151:Paulet affair
8149:
8146:
8143:
8140:
8137:
8134:
8131:
8128:
8125:
8122:
8119:
8116:
8113:
8110:
8107:
8104:
8101:
8098:
8097:New Hampshire
8095:
8092:
8089:
8086:
8085:New Brunswick
8083:
8080:
8077:
8074:
8071:
8068:
8065:
8062:
8061:
8057:
8054:
8051:
8046:
8043:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8034:
8031:
8028:
8024:
8021:
8018:
8015:
8012:
8009:
8006:
8003:
8000:
7997:
7993:
7990:
7987:
7986:
7982:
7979:
7976:
7971:
7968:
7965:
7962:
7959:
7956:
7953:
7950:
7949:
7948:
7944:
7941:
7937:
7934:
7931:
7928:
7925:
7922:
7919:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7903:
7900:
7897:
7896:
7892:
7889:
7885:
7882:
7879:
7876:
7873:
7870:
7866:
7863:
7859:
7856:
7852:
7849:
7848:
7844:
7843:
7840:
7836:North America
7833:
7829:
7819:
7815:
7813:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7800:
7796:
7792:
7791:
7788:
7781:
7778:
7775:
7772:
7769:
7766:
7763:
7760:
7757:
7756:South Vietnam
7754:
7751:
7748:
7743:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7731:
7728:
7725:
7722:
7719:
7716:
7713:
7710:
7705:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7693:
7690:
7687:
7684:
7681:
7678:
7675:
7672:
7667:
7664:
7661:
7658:
7655:
7652:
7649:
7646:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7631:
7628:
7625:
7622:
7619:
7616:
7613:
7610:
7607:
7604:
7601:
7598:
7595:
7592:
7589:
7586:
7583:
7579:
7575:
7574:
7570:
7567:
7564:
7561:
7558:
7555:
7552:
7549:
7545:
7542:
7539:
7536:
7531:
7528:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7519:
7516:
7515:
7512:
7505:
7501:
7491:
7487:
7484:
7480:
7476:
7472:
7468:
7465:
7462:
7458:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7445:
7444:
7441:
7434:
7431:
7428:
7425:
7422:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7411:
7408:
7405:
7402:
7399:
7396:
7393:
7390:
7387:
7384:
7381:
7378:
7375:
7372:
7369:
7366:
7363:
7360:
7357:
7354:
7351:
7348:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7337:
7334:
7331:
7328:
7325:
7322:
7319:
7316:
7313:
7310:
7307:
7304:
7301:
7298:
7295:
7292:
7289:
7286:
7283:
7280:
7277:
7274:
7271:
7268:
7264:
7261:
7258:
7255:
7252:
7249:
7246:
7243:
7240:
7237:
7234:
7231:
7228:
7225:
7222:
7219:
7216:
7212:
7209:
7206:
7202:
7199:
7196:
7195:
7191:
7190:
7187:
7180:
7176:
7165:
7162:
7157:
7154:
7151:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7140:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7128:
7125:
7122:
7119:
7116:
7113:
7112:
7108:
7105:
7102:
7099:
7096:
7093:
7089:
7088:
7084:
7083:
7080:
7073:
7069:
7063:
7059:
7057:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7045:
7040:
7039:
7036:
7032:
7028:
7020:
7015:
7013:
7008:
7006:
7001:
7000:
6997:
6985:
6977:
6975:
6967:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6955:
6947:
6946:
6943:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6878:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6855:
6852:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6817:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6785:Art (ancient)
6783:
6781:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6773:
6769:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6736:
6733:
6729:
6726:
6725:
6724:
6721:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6703:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6664:Blasphemy law
6662:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6633:
6632:Sign Language
6630:
6628:
6627:SaΚ½idi Arabic
6625:
6623:
6620:
6619:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6597:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6571:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6550:
6547:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6433:
6428:
6424:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6404:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6382:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6373:
6370:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6265:
6264:National Bank
6262:
6261:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6248:
6244:
6239:
6235:
6225:
6222:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6188:
6184:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6078:
6075:
6074:
6071:
6067:
6062:
6058:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5912:
5908:
5903:
5899:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5682:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5646:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5598:
5595:
5591:
5590:Ottoman Egypt
5588:
5587:
5586:
5583:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5422:
5418:
5413:
5406:
5401:
5399:
5394:
5392:
5387:
5386:
5383:
5376:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5276:
5271:
5269:
5260:
5256:
5250:
5242:
5238:
5232:
5224:
5220:
5213:
5205:
5204:www.aa.com.tr
5201:
5195:
5187:
5183:
5177:
5169:
5165:
5159:
5151:
5147:
5141:
5125:
5121:
5115:
5108:
5102:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5082:
5066:
5059:
5051:
5047:
5041:
5033:
5029:
5022:
5014:
5010:
5004:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4960:
4956:
4950:
4935:
4931:
4924:
4922:
4905:
4901:
4895:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4868:
4860:
4845:
4841:
4834:
4818:
4812:
4796:
4792:
4786:
4775:
4759:
4752:
4736:
4729:
4721:
4717:
4711:
4703:
4699:
4692:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4663:
4659:
4654:
4646:
4642:
4635:
4619:
4613:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4583:
4576:
4573:
4568:
4552:
4546:
4530:
4526:
4521:
4513:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4487:
4485:
4477:
4473:
4472:0 00 654774 5
4469:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4439:
4433:
4427:(2006), p.258
4426:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4379:
4372:
4366:
4359:
4353:
4346:
4340:
4333:
4328:
4321:
4310:
4306:
4300:
4293:
4287:
4280:
4274:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4250:
4244:
4237:
4231:
4224:
4218:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4179:
4175:
4169:
4161:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4145:
4136:
4130:
4126:
4121:
4113:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4071:
4065:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4032:
4030:9789774242427
4026:
4022:
4015:
4007:
4005:9781462825714
4001:
3997:
3996:
3988:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3955:
3946:
3944:9780830877362
3940:
3936:
3935:
3927:
3919:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3900:
3892:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3871:
3863:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3819:(6341): 894.
3818:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3801:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3714:
3708:
3692:
3686:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3557:
3551:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3504:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3396:
3391:
3388:
3380:
3379:
3373:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3342:parliamentary
3339:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3293:
3292:Egyptian army
3288:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3242:Mohamed Morsi
3238:
3236:
3232:
3231:Mohamed Morsi
3228:
3223:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3190:Tahrir Square
3187:
3183:
3182:Omar Suleiman
3178:
3175:
3167:
3166:Hosni Mubarak
3163:
3162:Omar Suleiman
3159:
3158:Tahrir Square
3154:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3139:In 2003, the
3136:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3055:
3053:
3052:Hosni Mubarak
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3030:
3029:Golan Heights
3026:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2945:confederation
2942:
2938:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2918:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2849:known as the
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2816:UK government
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2794:In 1906, the
2792:
2791:, as sultan.
2790:
2789:Hussein Kamel
2786:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2652:(1820β1824),
2651:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2600:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2576:Rosetta Stone
2573:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2537:Ottoman Egypt
2528:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2496:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2468:Ottoman Turks
2465:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2291:New Testament
2288:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2138:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2122:Julius Caesar
2119:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2021:and possibly
2020:
2016:
2012:
2004:
1992:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1938:and his wife
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1843:Amenemhat III
1840:
1836:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1805:Giza Pyramids
1802:
1801:Third Dynasty
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1760:and customs.
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1718:
1714:
1713:Ancient Egypt
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:Mohamed Morsi
1577:
1573:
1572:Hosni Mubarak
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:First Dynasty
1369:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1350:Rosetta Stone
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:fertile banks
1331:
1327:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
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547:ancient Egypt
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9750:Dependencies
9680:Turkmenistan
9645:Saudi Arabia
9514:
9382:Saudi Arabia
9322:
9233:Saint Helena
9204:
9108:South Africa
9098:Sierra Leone
8952:
8903:Burkina Faso
8770:
8753:
8745:
8711:
8703:
8695:
8689:Saint Helena
8687:
8631:
8623:
8473:Cook Islands
8424:
8397:New Hebrides
8366:20th century
8282:West Florida
8267:
8253:
8185:Rhode Island
8163:Pennsylvania
8121:Newfoundland
8058:
7983:
7933:East Florida
7904:16th c.β1880
7893:
7845:
7742:Crown Colony
7730:Pulo Condore
7704:Crown Colony
7698:North Borneo
7571:
7530:Protectorate
7479:unrecognised
7473:in 1965 (as
7412:
7365:South Africa
7353:Sierra Leone
7340:Saint Helena
7338:
7333:Orange River
7211:Bechuanaland
7192:
7150:Protectorate
7109:
7085:
7049:
7029:and Current
6810:Coat of arms
6780:Architecture
6669:Christianity
6649:Prostitution
6595:Human rights
6554:Abaza family
6542:Universities
6507:Demographics
6460:Billionaires
6104:Constitution
6099:Conscription
6082:Governorates
5963:Halfaya Pass
5833:1954βpresent
5793:Constitution
5748:2010s Crisis
5660:World War II
5622:Urabi revolt
5539:Islamization
5473:31st Dynasty
5468:27th Dynasty
5425:
5353:
5345:
5338:
5331:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5297:
5290:
5258:
5249:
5241:the Guardian
5240:
5231:
5222:
5212:
5203:
5194:
5185:
5176:
5167:
5158:
5150:the Guardian
5149:
5140:
5128:. Retrieved
5123:
5114:
5101:
5090:
5081:
5069:. Retrieved
5058:
5050:the Guardian
5049:
5040:
5032:The Guardian
5031:
5021:
5012:
5003:
4994:
4985:
4977:the Guardian
4976:
4967:
4958:
4949:
4937:. Retrieved
4933:
4908:. Retrieved
4903:
4894:
4882:. Retrieved
4871:
4859:
4847:. Retrieved
4843:
4833:
4821:. Retrieved
4811:
4799:. Retrieved
4794:
4785:
4774:
4762:. Retrieved
4751:
4739:. Retrieved
4728:
4719:
4710:
4702:the Guardian
4701:
4691:
4682:
4675:Daniel Pipes
4669:
4653:
4644:
4634:
4622:. Retrieved
4612:
4600:. Retrieved
4591:
4582:
4574:
4567:
4555:. Retrieved
4545:
4533:. Retrieved
4524:
4512:
4494:
4463:
4462:in his book
4454:
4442:. Retrieved
4432:
4422:
4414:
4406:
4403:Gilles Kepel
4398:
4378:
4370:
4365:
4357:
4352:
4344:
4339:
4327:
4319:
4312:. Retrieved
4308:
4299:
4291:
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4278:
4273:
4261:
4256:
4248:
4243:
4235:
4230:
4222:
4217:
4209:
4190:
4185:
4178:ScienceDaily
4177:
4168:
4143:
4135:
4128:
4120:
4096:
4069:
4064:
4052:. Retrieved
4020:
4014:
3994:
3987:
3974:. Retrieved
3970:the original
3933:
3926:
3906:
3899:
3876:
3870:
3847:
3841:
3816:
3810:
3800:
3788:. Retrieved
3784:
3775:
3763:. Retrieved
3759:
3750:
3738:. Retrieved
3695:. Retrieved
3685:
3640:
3636:
3626:
3618:Sci-News.com
3617:
3597:
3589:
3577:. Retrieved
3573:the original
3563:
3555:
3550:
3538:. Retrieved
3533:
3524:
3516:
3507:
3422:
3411:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3348:, while the
3338:presidential
3327:
3312:Adly Mansour
3296:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3266:
3250:
3239:
3235:Ahmed Shafik
3225:
3202:
3198:
3179:
3171:
3140:
3138:
3089:
3078:
3067:
3036:peace treaty
3033:
3022:
3011:
3002:Jimmy Carter
2958:In the 1967
2957:
2934:
2926:nationalized
2923:
2900:house arrest
2885:
2867:
2857:forced King
2846:
2831:constitution
2824:
2800:Saad Zaghlul
2793:
2778:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2749:
2742:
2711:
2703:Tel el-Kebir
2700:
2666:
2647:
2623:Muhammad Ali
2608:
2565:
2557:
2461:
2427:remained in
2422:
2376:
2365:
2317:
2308:
2280:
2236:
2229:
2201:
2182:
2154:
2083:
2075:30th dynasty
2056:
2047:Nectanebo II
2008:
2005:tomb relief.
1932:Thutmose III
1926:, including
1905:
1832:
1782:
1769:Great Sphinx
1735:
1674:
1639:
1569:
1522:
1513:
1480:
1462:(909β1171),
1438:. After the
1422:
1384:
1362:
1352:. Among the
1325:
1323:
1284:
1278:
1255:
480:1953βpresent
379:Early modern
258:30 BCβ641 AD
193:1550β1069 BC
183:1650β1550 BC
173:2055β1650 BC
163:2181β2055 BC
153:2686β2181 BC
143:3150β2686 BC
116:6000β3000 BC
81:
64:
51:
34:lead section
32:
15:
9809:Asia portal
9710:States with
9630:Philippines
9570:South Korea
9565:North Korea
9460:Afghanistan
9160:recognition
9113:South Sudan
9003:Ivory Coast
8806:Anglosphere
8524:New Zealand
8433:New Zealand
8302:West Jersey
8217:Saint Lucia
8203:Saint Kitts
8197:Saint Croix
8177:1763β1791*
8145:Nova Scotia
8091:New England
8047:, 1691β1776
8014:East Jersey
8002:Connecticut
7881:Bay Islands
7768:Transjordan
7686:Mesopotamia
7524:Afghanistan
7518:Aden Colony
7303:Niger Coast
7269:) 1874β1957
7245:East Africa
7227:Cape Colony
7217:) 1884β1966
7207:) 1868β1966
6974:WikiProject
6735:Scientology
6605:LGBT rights
6527:Law schools
6311:Lighthouses
6254:Agriculture
5983:Mount Sinai
5943:Earthquakes
5743:Mubarak era
5714:Six-Day War
5704:Suez Crisis
5699:Land reform
5446:Prehistoric
5330:Shaw, Ian.
5296:Daly, M.W.
4884:23 November
4849:23 November
4823:23 November
4801:23 November
4624:13 February
4557:11 February
4535:11 February
4444:12 February
4290:Jankowski,
3976:14 December
3330:coup d'Γ©tat
3318:After Morsi
3310:'s leader,
3096:Upper Egypt
3074:Sayyid Qutb
3044:Arab League
3025:October War
2976:Anwar Sadat
2960:Six-Day War
2930:Suez Crisis
2847:coup d'Γ©tat
2818:to issue a
2752:Ahmad Urabi
2745:controllers
2669:monoculture
2476:Black Death
2379:Sunni Islam
2316:sources as
2232:breadbasket
2226:Roman Egypt
2215:Roman Egypt
2193:Mark Antony
1948:Ramesses II
1944:Tutankhamun
1920:Upper Nubia
1908:New Kingdom
1789:Old Kingdom
1777:Old Kingdom
1642:petroglyphs
1630:flint knife
1553:Anwar Sadat
1545:Six-Day War
1502:World War I
1492:called the
1458:(750β935),
1454:(661β750),
1450:(632-661),
1426:(including
1399:Hellenistic
1385:In 332 BC,
1207:Roman Egypt
1061:Late Period
918:New Kingdom
623:Old Kingdom
209:Late Period
203:1069β664 BC
189:New Kingdom
149:Old Kingdom
82:History of
9824:Categories
9690:Uzbekistan
9665:Tajikistan
9580:Kyrgyzstan
9560:Kazakhstan
9480:Bangladesh
9470:Azerbaijan
9367:Gaza Strip
9215:(Portugal)
9173:Somaliland
9093:Seychelles
9058:Mozambique
9043:Mauritania
9028:Madagascar
8983:The Gambia
8918:Cape Verde
8758:since 1908
8750:since 1908
8716:since 1833
8708:since 1816
8700:since 1815
8692:since 1658
8649:department
8636:since 1908
8628:since 1833
8429:since 1838
8409:Swan River
8403:Queensland
8290:1958β1962
8272:since 1666
8258:since 1799
8109:New Jersey
8079:New Albion
8063:since 1632
8060:Montserrat
8041:1629β1691
7988:since 1670
7910:1858β1866
7898:since 1619
7850:since 1650
7803:Bangladesh
7738:1841β1946
7700:1882β1963
7666:Federation
7644:1819β1826
7582:Seychelles
7526:1839β1842
7417:since 1816
7401:Tanganyika
7359:Somaliland
7347:Seychelles
7343:since 1658
7263:Gold Coast
7257:The Gambia
7201:Basutoland
7197:since 1815
7139:Free State
7132:1542β1800
7118:Heligoland
7114:since 1713
6886:Newspapers
6876:Mass media
6728:Synagogues
6696:Irreligion
6644:Literature
6639:Liberalism
6578:Healthcare
6480:Corruption
6163:Parliament
6094:Corruption
6089:Civil Code
6032:Suez Canal
5990:Nile Delta
5875:Alexandria
5845:Population
5840:Parliament
5808:Healthcare
5689:Nasser era
5463:Achaemenid
5438:Chronology
5067:. IHNED.cz
4939:8 December
4910:8 December
4876:. London.
4314:2 February
3879:. Austin:
3785:CrystaLink
3760:CrystaLink
3500:References
3445:Suez Canal
3437:Bellingcat
3425:Tigray War
3407:referendum
3378:Ever Given
3129:Revolution
3040:Arab world
2968:Gaza Strip
2906:Nasser era
2804:Wafd Party
2730:Suez Canal
2580:Egyptology
2566:The brief
2456:Circassian
2330:Shahrbaraz
2312:(known in
2287:Diocletian
2173:Alexandria
2093:Greek rule
1968:monotheism
1952:monotheism
1928:Hatshepsut
1644:along the
1529:Suez Canal
1444:Caliphates
1387:Macedonian
1330:Nile River
1277:See also:
1256:speculated
238:332β310 BC
213:664β332 BC
9776:Hong Kong
9730:Palestine
9655:Sri Lanka
9650:Singapore
9530:Indonesia
9371:West Bank
9363:Palestine
9048:Mauritius
8742:1841β1947
8729:1841β1933
8620:1831β1966
8614:1670β1688
8608:1651β1667
8602:1631β1641
8532:1914β1962
8526:1907β1947
8519:1901β1942
8517:Australia
8512:1900β1974
8506:1900β1970
8494:1893β1978
8487:1892β1979
8481:1889β1948
8475:1888β1901
8469:Rarotonga
8465:1884β1902
8459:1877β1976
8453:1874β1970
8447:1851β1901
8441:1846β1847
8435:1841β1907
8421:1836β1901
8415:1829β1901
8405:1824β1901
8399:1824β1980
8393:1807β1863
8387:1803β1901
8377:1788β1901
8310:1833β1960
8304:1674β1702
8296:1967β1983
8284:1763β1783
8278:1607β1776
8264:1849β1866
8250:1889β1962
8244:1862β1863
8238:1712β1776
8232:1635β1644
8226:1627β1979
8219:1605β1979
8212:1882β1983
8205:1623β1983
8199:1625β1650
8193:1670β1870
8187:1636β1776
8181:1853β1863
8171:1620β1691
8165:1681β1776
8159:1763β1873
8147:1713β1867
8141:1859β1870
8135:1712β1776
8129:1583β1907
8123:1907β1949
8117:1664β1776
8105:1637β1662
8103:New Haven
8099:1680β1776
8093:1686β1689
8087:1784β1867
8075:1628β1983
8069:1655β1860
8055:1632β1776
8029:1655β1962
8022:1733β1776
8016:1674β1702
8010:1701β1776
8004:1636β1776
7998:1818β1846
7980:1663β1712
7972:1867β1931
7966:1841β1867
7960:1791β1841
7954:1791β1841
7942:1762β1974
7935:1763β1783
7929:1763β1978
7923:1754β1820
7914:1866β1871
7890:1871β1981
7883:1643β1860
7877:1624β1966
7871:1670β1973
7864:1860β1981
7857:1632β1860
7782:1898β1930
7776:1892β1971
7770:1921β1946
7764:1826β1946
7758:1945β1946
7752:1946β1963
7750:Singapore
7744:1946β1963
7732:1702β1705
7726:1786β1946
7720:1923β1948
7718:Palestine
7706:1946β1963
7694:1891β1971
7688:1920β1932
7682:1762β1764
7676:1796β1965
7668:1948β1957
7662:1946β1948
7656:1885β1946
7650:1895β1946
7638:1848β1946
7632:1918β1961
7626:1811β1816
7620:1858β1947
7614:1841β1997
7612:Hong Kong
7608:1878β1960
7602:1795β1948
7596:1888β1984
7590:1824β1948
7578:Mauritius
7568:1874β1963
7556:1757β1947
7550:1812β1824
7540:1685β1824
7538:Bencoolen
7532:1879β1919
7520:1839β1967
7435:1887β1897
7429:1890β1963
7423:1890β1962
7409:1900β1910
7407:Transvaal
7403:1922β1961
7397:1899β1956
7391:1893β1968
7389:Swaziland
7385:1900β1914
7373:1915β1931
7367:1910β1931
7361:1884β1960
7355:1792β1961
7349:1903β1976
7335:1900β1910
7329:1891β1964
7327:Nyasaland
7323:1924β1964
7317:1900β1914
7311:1914β1960
7305:1884β1900
7299:1856β1910
7293:1810β1968
7291:Mauritius
7287:1807β1808
7281:1862β1906
7275:1920β1963
7259:1816β1965
7253:1882β1922
7247:1895β1920
7241:1891β1907
7235:1806β1910
7229:1795β1803
7223:1919β1961
7221:Cameroons
7158:1813β1964
7152:1800β1813
7141:1921β1931
7126:1809β1864
7120:1807β1890
7111:Gibraltar
7106:1878β1960
7100:1794β1796
7054:*Current
6881:Magazines
6871:Egyptians
6706:Ahmadiyya
6617:Languages
6583:Hospitals
6517:Education
6384:Transport
6343:Aswan Dam
6271:Companies
6212:Terrorism
6178:President
6141:Massacres
6131:Judiciary
6109:Elections
5978:Mountains
5907:Geography
5885:Port Said
5828:1939β1954
5823:1928β1938
5778:Anarchism
5721:Sadat era
5665:Sultanate
5612:Khedivate
5512:Christian
5480:Ptolemaic
4294:., p. 112
4090:(1991) .
3790:9 January
3765:9 January
3697:25 August
3579:21 August
3387:elections
2982:Sadat era
2740:in 1876.
2619:Albanians
2334:Heraclius
2189:Cleopatra
2128:, at the
2126:Caesarion
2118:Cleopatra
2035:Amyrtaeus
1980:Assyrians
1964:monolatry
1940:Nefertiti
1936:Akhenaten
1677:Neolithic
1654:fishermen
1618:Naqada II
1428:Byzantine
1418:Cleopatra
1410:Ptolemies
1332:with its
960:1189β1077
947:1292β1189
934:1549β1292
904:1580β1549
891:1650β1600
879:1660β1600
866:1674β1535
848:1705β1690
818:1803β1649
805:1991β1803
792:2061β1991
761:2134β2061
747:2130β2040
734:2160β2130
721:2181β2160
678:2345β2181
665:2498β2345
652:2613β2498
639:2686β2613
609:2890β2686
596:3150β2890
543:dynasties
470:1922β1953
460:1914β1922
450:1882β1922
423:1867β1914
413:1805β1953
403:1798β1801
393:1517β1867
365:1250β1517
355:1171β1250
248:310β30 BC
44:and help
9799:Category
9720:Abkhazia
9670:Thailand
9625:Pakistan
9605:Mongolia
9600:Maldives
9595:Malaysia
9495:Cambodia
9239: /
9235: /
9228:(France)
9222: /
9200: /
9196: /
9148:Zimbabwe
9123:Tanzania
8973:Ethiopia
8968:Eswatini
8948:Djibouti
8913:Cameroon
8898:Botswana
8817:Category
8653:Colombia
8568:Kiribati
8445:Victoria
8385:Tasmania
8276:Virginia
8242:Stickeen
8230:Saybrook
8169:Plymouth
8115:New York
8053:Maryland
8045:Province
8008:Delaware
7978:Carolina
7970:Dominion
7964:Province
7927:Dominica
7875:Barbados
7847:Anguilla
7818:disputed
7799:Pakistan
7674:Maldives
7548:Billiton
7475:Rhodesia
7461:Tanzania
7457:Cameroon
7433:Zululand
7427:Zanzibar
7215:Botswana
6954:Category
6918:Olympics
6854:Football
6686:Hinduism
6654:Religion
6561:Feminism
6549:Families
6512:Diaspora
6475:Censuses
6465:Cannabis
6450:Abortion
6394:Airports
6389:Airlines
6365:Internet
6168:Passport
6146:Military
6119:Missions
6066:Politics
6047:Wildlife
5771:By topic
5684:Republic
5519:Sassanid
5071:24 March
4959:BBC News
4878:Archived
4795:BBC News
4596:Archived
4592:CBS News
4529:Archived
4502:Archived
4478:in 1994.
4387:Archived
4281:, p. 111
3833:28572344
3707:cite web
3677:32667937
3637:PLOS ONE
3463:See also
3441:Egyptian
3414:election
3395:election
3112:al-Qaeda
3014:Cold War
2966:and the
2802:and the
2785:Abbas II
2765:de facto
2662:Anatolia
2635:Istanbul
2505:Ayyubid
2437:Fatimids
2350:Tulunids
2197:Augustus
2003:Xerxes I
1924:Pharaohs
1862:Ahmose I
1803:and the
1793:pyramids
1771:and the
1758:language
1750:religion
1628:vase, a
1614:Badarian
990:1069β945
708:spurious
476:Republic
345:969β1171
73:a series
71:Part of
54:May 2023
9695:Vietnam
9610:Myanmar
9590:Lebanon
9520:Georgia
9475:Bahrain
9465:Armenia
9353:Lebanon
9313:Bahrain
9224:RΓ©union
9220:Mayotte
9211:Madeira
9206:(Spain)
9202:Melilla
9133:Tunisia
9103:Somalia
9088:Senegal
9073:Nigeria
9063:Namibia
9053:Morocco
9018:Liberia
9013:Lesotho
8963:Eritrea
8933:Comoros
8908:Burundi
8883:Algeria
8808:culture
8562:Vanuatu
8352:Oceania
8027:Jamaica
8020:Georgia
7940:Grenada
7895:Bermuda
7869:Bahamas
7855:Antigua
7736:Sarawak
7448:Namibia
7309:Nigeria
7285:Madeira
7205:Lesotho
7164:Minorca
7130:Ireland
7098:Corsica
7025:Former
6984:Commons
6903:Museums
6847:regions
6815:Cuisine
6800:Castles
6772:Culture
6742:Smoking
6723:Judaism
6711:Mosques
6590:Housing
6537:Schools
6443:General
6432:Society
6372:Tourism
6301:Fishing
6259:Banking
6243:Economy
5968:Islands
5958:Geology
5953:Fossils
5938:Deserts
5933:Climate
5923:Borders
5869:By city
5855:Saladin
5803:Genetic
5783:Capital
5670:Kingdom
5585:Ottoman
5451:Ancient
5426:History
5324:(1999)
5259:Reuters
5186:Reuters
4995:Reuters
4764:10 July
4466:(1996,
4305:"Egypt"
4102:243β244
3962:"Egypt"
3812:Science
3668:7363063
3645:Bibcode
3385:In the
3018:Infitah
2774:khedive
2726:Isma'il
2718:Abbas I
2714:Ibrahim
2643:dynasty
2639:viceroy
2637:as his
2611:Ottoman
2570:led by
2552:Selim I
2513:in 1193
2511:Saladin
2466:by the
2448:Mamluks
2441:Kurdish
2368:Persian
2324:by the
2318:Agiptus
2245:Hypatia
2241:Ptolemy
2063:Satrapy
2031:pharaoh
2027:Persian
1976:Nubians
1972:Libyans
1960:Atenism
1956:Atenism
1870:Memphis
1697:Merimde
1670:economy
1626:diorite
1620:jar, a
1557:Infitah
1514:de jure
1476:Selim I
1474:sultan
1472:Ottoman
1356:is the
1180:332β305
1150:343β332
1133:380β343
1120:398β380
1107:404β398
1094:525β404
1077:672β525
1047:732β653
1029:732β720
1016:837β728
1003:945β720
539:Periods
335:935β969
325:868β905
315:750β935
305:661β750
295:641β661
268:619β629
9740:Taiwan
9675:Turkey
9640:Russia
9575:Kuwait
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9545:Israel
9505:Cyprus
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9485:Bhutan
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9348:Kuwait
9343:Jordan
9338:Israel
9318:Cyprus
9243:
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9143:Zambia
9138:Uganda
9078:Rwanda
9033:Malawi
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8888:Angola
8827:Portal
8647:Now a
8618:Guiana
8572:Tuvalu
8175:Quebec
7947:Canada
7888:Belize
7780:Weihai
7724:Penang
7712:Padang
7642:Malaya
7636:Labuan
7630:Kuwait
7606:Cyprus
7600:Ceylon
7594:Brunei
7566:Borneo
7560:Bhutan
7554:Bengal
7490:Zambia
7421:Uganda
7183:Africa
7156:Colony
7146:Malta
7104:Cyprus
7092:Cyprus
7076:Europe
7042:Legend
6964:Portal
6805:Cinema
6659:BahΓ‘ΚΌΓ
6573:Health
6321:Mining
6291:Energy
6015:Rivers
5928:Cities
5850:Postal
5631:Modern
5576:Mamluk
5534:Fustat
5524:Muslim
5456:topics
5414:topics
5373:1904,
5360:
5334:(2003)
5326:online
5302:online
5130:3 June
4741:8 July
4602:15 May
4470:
4409:, 2002
4292:op cit
4266:online
4225:, p 2.
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3160:after
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2853:. The
2780:sultan
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2697:, 1919
2658:Arabia
2631:Sultan
2615:Mamluk
2561:famine
2446:, the
2401:, and
2352:, and
2247:, and
2169:Cyrene
1892:, and
1874:Thebes
1858:Avaris
1854:Hyksos
1827:, and
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1683:. The
1666:Sahara
1574:. The
1539:(with
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1408:. The
1389:ruler
1376:Narmer
1193:305β30
1190:XXXIII
1104:XXVIII
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858:Hyksos
752:Early
75:on the
9781:Macau
9700:Yemen
9660:Syria
9635:Qatar
9615:Nepal
9550:Japan
9525:India
9515:Egypt
9500:China
9402:Yemen
9387:Syria
9377:Qatar
9323:Egypt
9198:Ceuta
9118:Sudan
9068:Niger
9023:Libya
9008:Kenya
8988:Ghana
8978:Gabon
8953:Egypt
8893:Benin
8570:and *
8536:Nauru
8530:Samoa
8504:Tonga
8463:Papua
8073:Nevis
7958:Upper
7952:Lower
7795:India
7660:Union
7618:India
7588:Burma
7544:Banka
7395:Sudan
7297:Natal
7279:Lagos
7273:Kenya
7267:Ghana
7251:Egypt
6908:Music
6891:Radio
6832:Films
6762:Women
6716:NiqΔb
6701:Islam
6485:Crime
6326:Mines
6042:Wadis
6000:Oases
5973:Lakes
5918:Biota
5880:Cairo
5798:Copts
5607:Nahda
5497:Roman
5412:Egypt
4760:. CNN
4737:. CNN
4476:Asyut
4407:Jihad
3449:Haifa
3433:Assab
3246:edict
3104:Luxor
3102:near
3070:Copts
2941:Syria
2808:Malta
2769:pasha
2695:Cairo
2654:Syria
2452:Turco
2433:Cairo
2417:Cairo
2322:Libya
2249:Heron
2177:Greek
2165:Syria
2114:Greek
1916:Syria
1738:Menes
1658:grain
1541:Syria
1525:Egypt
1342:Egypt
1338:delta
1224:XXXIV
1177:XXXII
1091:XXVII
1013:XXIII
931:XVIII
783:Late
566:Early
381:Egypt
84:Egypt
9620:Oman
9585:Laos
9540:Iraq
9535:Iran
9358:Oman
9333:Iraq
9328:Iran
9128:Togo
9038:Mali
8928:Chad
8566:Now
8560:Now
8510:Niue
8451:Fiji
8153:1843
8081:1579
7801:and
7793:Now
7624:Java
7580:and
7546:and
7508:Asia
7488:Now
7446:Now
6842:list
6837:Flag
6825:Wine
6820:Beer
6500:Rape
6195:list
6183:list
6020:Nile
5813:Jews
5358:ISBN
5132:2014
5073:2014
4941:2012
4912:2012
4886:2012
4851:2012
4825:2012
4803:2012
4766:2012
4743:2012
4626:2011
4604:2012
4559:2011
4537:2011
4468:ISBN
4446:2011
4316:2011
4154:ISBN
4106:ISBN
4056:2019
4025:ISBN
4000:ISBN
3978:2011
3939:ISBN
3912:ISBN
3885:ISBN
3856:ISBN
3829:PMID
3792:2019
3767:2019
3742:2019
3713:link
3699:2010
3673:PMID
3581:2008
3542:2019
3457:GERD
3453:TPLF
3429:EEPA
3353:the
3340:and
3332:, a
2880:and
2863:Fuad
2825:The
2722:Said
2683:and
2660:and
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2411:The
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2269:The
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2112:The
2073:and
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2067:28th
2057:The
1978:and
1946:and
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1336:and
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1262:XXXV
1147:XXXI
1117:XXIX
1074:XXVI
1026:XXIV
1000:XXII
901:XVII
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718:VIII
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4176:".
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1918:to
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