Fez, Morocco - Knowledge

1022: 4011: 4236: 3691: 1644: 1937:) with a strong continental influence, shifting from relatively cool and wet in the winter to dry and hot days in the summer months between June and September. Rainfall can reach up to 800 mm (31 in) in good years. The winter highs typically reach around 15 °C (59 °F) and winter lows average about 4.5 °C (40 °F) in December–January. Frost is not uncommon during the winter period. The summer highs peak in July and August at approximately 34.5 °C (94 °F) with average lows of 18 °C (64 °F). The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in the city are 46.7 °C (116 °F) and −8.2 °C (17 °F), respectively. Snowfall on average occurs once every 3 to 5 years. Fez recorded snowfall in three straight years in 2005, 2006 and 2007. 84: 2730: 4749: 4100: 3357: 3549: 995: 3365: 1855: 4433: 5034: 5021: 4878: 4219: 1230: 3914: 3482: 3725: 73: 3337: 1713: 136: 3853: 1290:, was created in Fes Jdid at some point during the Marinid period. The exact date and circumstances of its formation are not firmly established, but many scholars date the transfer of the Jewish population from Fes el-Bali to the new Mellah to the 15th century, a period of political tension and instability. In particular, Jewish sources describe the transfer as a consequence of the rediscovery of Idris II's body in the heart of the city in 1437, which caused the surrounding area—if not the entire city—to acquire a holy ( 169: 95: 14275: 1186: 13248: 1521:, between 1757 and 1790, the country stabilized and Fez finally regained its fortunes. Although its status was partly shared with Marrakesh, it remained the capital of Morocco for the rest of the 'Alawi period up to the 20th century. The 'Alawis continued to rebuild or restore various monuments and undertook a series of extensions to the Royal Palace. The sultans and their entourages also became more and more closely associated with the elites of Fez and other urban centers, with the 4865: 13259: 5008: 4943: 4917: 1355: 2911: 1453: 4891: 3791:, between Fes Jdid and Fes el-Bali, is the oldest surviving garden in Fez and was created as a royal park and garden in the 19th century by Sultan Moulay Hassan I. Many bourgeois and aristocratic mansions also had private gardens, especially in the southwestern part of Fes el-Bali. Other gardens also exist within the grounds of the historic royal palaces of the city, such as the Agdal and Lalla Mina Gardens in the Royal Palace or the gardens of the 4956: 15322: 4995: 2879:" dialects in the region. However, due to social and demographic changes that started in the 20th century such as mass rural migration into the city and the departure of most of the city's old urban elites to Casablanca, these old linguistic features are no longer dominant in the speech of Arabic speakers in Fez today. Prior to the departure of most Jewish residents in the second half of the 20th century, the Jewish community in Fez also spoke 3626: 14194: 243: 1266: 1554: 4211:

which printed traditional scholarly books and made some of the productions available to the Qarawiyyin University free of charge. After 1871 the government transferred management of the press to private citizens and the applications of printing widened. After 1897 it became a regulated industry overseen by officials in Fez. By 1908 there were at least four printing establishments in Fez, while two other Moroccan printers were in

4969: 4982: 4930: 4904: 13236: 1021: 176: 143: 834: 4476:. The most important moussem in the city, and one of the most important in Morocco, is the Moussem of Moulay Idris II. This festival has taken place for hundreds of years and is sponsored by all the guilds in the city, who march through the city together in a procession that culminates at the mausoleum of Idris II. Each guild donates gifts to the zawiya, one of which is a 1503:, he also frequently imposed heavy taxes on the city's inhabitants and sometimes even forcibly transferred parts of its population to repopulate other cities in the country. After his death, Morocco was plunged into anarchy and decades of conflict between his sons who vied to succeed him. Fez suffered particularly from repeated conflicts with the Udayas (or Oudayas), a 1796:. Although the population of the city grew, it did so only slowly up until the late 1960s, when the pace of growth finally accelerated. Throughout this period Fez nonetheless remained the country's third largest urban center. Between 1971 and 2000, the population of the city roughly tripled from 325,000 to 940,000, making it the second largest city in Morocco. The 3536:, and by the time of his death, every major city in the Marinid Empire had at least one madrasa. The library of al-Qarawiyyin, which holds a large collection of manuscripts from the medieval era, was also established under Marinid rule around 1350. It is widely believed to be the oldest library in the world that is still open. The largest madrasa in the medina is 1693:) just outside the old cities, where European settlers largely resided with modern Western-style amenities. This was part of a larger "policy of association" adopted by Lyautey which favoured various forms of indirect colonial rule by preserving local institutions and elites, in contrast with other French colonial policies that had favoured "assimilation". The 1827:(roughly 1975–1990). Fez was strongly affected by unemployment and lack of housing. Austerity measures led to several riots and uprisings across other cities during the 1980s. On December 14, 1990, a general strike was called and led to protests and rioting by university students and youths in Fez. Buildings were burned and looted, including the 1226:. Not all the land within the city walls was densely inhabited; much of it was still relatively open and was occupied by crops and gardens used by the inhabitants. During the 12th century, the city was one of the largest in the world, with an estimated population of 200,000. By 1200, Fez and Cairo had probably become the largest Muslim cities. 1119:(mostly rebuilt in later eras). The two cities became increasingly integrated: the open space between the two was filled up by new houses and up to six bridges across the river allowed for easier passage between them. A decade after Dunas, between 1059 and 1061, the two cities were ruled separately by two brothers who were rival Zenata 2741:, the population of the city of Fez was 1,112,072, which includes the municipalities of Fez proper and Méchouar Fès Jdid (New Fès). Most of the population was Moroccan, but it also included 3,515 resident foreigners, making up 4.2 percent of the foreigner population of Morocco. The predominant religion in Fez is 10540: 3030:) make up the city of Fez. Most of Fez is administered as the municipality of Fez, while the neighborhood of Fes Jdid is administered separately as the municipality of Méchouar Fès Jdid. Outside of the city, there are also three rural municipalities in the prefecture, Aïn Bida, Oulad Tayeb, and Sidi Harazem. 3778:

As a former capital, the city contains several royal palaces as well. Dar Batha is a former palace completed by the 'Alawi Sultan Abdelaziz. In 1915 it was turned into a museum of historical art and artifacts, containing around 6,000 pieces. A large area of Fes Jdid is also taken up by the 80-hectare

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Today Fez remains a regional capital and one of Morocco's most important cities. Many of the former notable families of Fez still make up a large part of the country's political elite. It is also a major tourism destination due to its historical heritage. In recent years efforts have been underway to

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has argued that these policies created a kind of urban "apartheid" between the indigenous Moroccan urban areas, who were forced to remain stagnant in terms of urban development and architectural innovation, and the new, mainly European-inhabited planned cities, which expanded to occupy lands formerly

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A number of social and physical changes took place during this period and across the 20th century. Starting under Lyautey, one important policy with long-term consequences was the decision to largely forego redevelopment of existing historic walled cities in Morocco and to intentionally preserve them

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of Zouagha and Marininyine elect 17 councillors each; Jnane El Ward and Saiss elect 16 councillors each; Agdal elects 13, and Fès-Médina elects 12. Executive power is wielded by a president and ten vice-presidents, which are elected by the council. In 2021, Abdeslam Bekkali, a member of the National

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managed to retake the region again, expelling the Fatimids permanently. From 980 (or from 986), Fez was ruled by a Zenata dynasty from the Maghrawa tribe, who were allies of the Caliphate of Córdoba. They maintained this control even after the Caliphate's collapse in the early 11th century and until

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The Bird Park or Tropicana Park is another green area in Fez. Over seven acres in size, it features playgrounds, community event spaces, restaurants, and rest areas. The park was opened in June 2014 and is credited with significantly improving the recreational infrastructure of Fez. Inside the park

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from around the world. The festival occurs in May or June and concerts take place at multiple venues across the city, including at historic sites such as Bab Makina (the New Mechouar) in Fes Jdid. The annual Festival of Amazigh Culture, which started in 2005, normally takes place in July and hosts

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was residing at the time. The first book in Arabic was thus printed in Meknes in June 1865, before the press was moved again to Fez in that same year, where it continued to operate until the 1940s. The press was installed in a central neighbourhood of Fes el-Bali and was managed by the government,

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Up until the 19th century, the al-Qarawiyyin dominated the intellectual life of the city and of the country around it. Literature was focused on religious scholarship, philosophy, and poetry. The city's largest library was located at the Qarawiyyin Mosque, while others were attached to other major

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as well. The oldest sections of the walls today, on the north side of Fes el-Bali, date back to the Almohad period. The gates of Fez, scattered along the circuit of walls, were guarded by the military detachments and shut at night. Some of the main gates have existed, in different forms, since the

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After the long reign of Ahmad al-Mansur, the Saadi state fell into civil war between his sons and potential successors. Fez became a rival seat of power for a number of brothers vying against other family members ruling from Marrakesh. Both cities changed hands multiple times until the internecine

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The Saadis, who used Marrakesh again as their capital, did not lavish much attention on Fez, with the exception of the ornate ablutions pavilions added to the Qarawiyyin Mosque's courtyard during their time. Perhaps as a result of persistent tensions with the city's inhabitants, the Saadis built a

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building, built between 1928 and 1931 by architect René Canu. Nearby, on the east side of Avenue Hassan II, is the Central Post Office building. The first post office here was built in 1925 and 1927 by architect Edmond Pauty, but it was rebuilt and expanded in its current form by architect Emile

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tribe (vassal tribe serving as a garrison and military force) previously installed in the Kasbah Cherarda by Moulay Isma'il. Sultan Moulay Abdallah, who reigned intermittently during this period and used Fez as a capital, was initially welcomed in 1728–29 as an enemy of the Udayas, but relations

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s ("saints" or teachers). This type of literature established itself as one of the main literary genres of Morocco by the late 14th century and Sufi written works from Fez are especially abundant from the 17th to 20th centuries. A study by Ruggero Vimercati Sanseverino describes the rise of the

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The old city contains several major historic cemeteries which stand outside the walls of Fes el-Bali, namely the cemeteries of Bab Ftouh (the most significant), Bab Mahrouk, and Bab Guissa. Some include marabouts or domed structures, containing the tombs of local Muslim saints (often considered

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The municipality of Méchouar Fès Jdid consists of the neighborhood of Fes Jdid in the old city and forms an enclave within the municipality of Fez. Established in 1992, it is only 1.6 square kilometres (0.62 sq mi) in extent, and recorded a population of 20,560 in the 2014 census. The

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to the northeast. The Fez River takes its sources from the south and west and is split into various small canals which provide the historic city with water. These in turn empty into the Oued Bou Khrareb, the stretch of the river which passes through the middle of Fes el-Bali and separates the

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region is the traditional military structure for fortification, military preparation, command and control. Some of them were occupied as well by citizens, certain tribal groups, and merchants. Throughout the city's history, 13 kasbahs were constructed. Among them is the Kasbah an-Nouar, the

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besieged and conquered the city during the Almohad overthrow of the Almoravids. Due to the ferocious resistance they encountered from the local population, the Almohads demolished the city's fortifications. However, due to Fez's continuing economic and military importance, the Almohad

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with a fountain at its center. Further south along the same avenue is Place Florence (originally Place Lyautey), a wide plaza planted with trees and originally designed as a public garden. At the southwest end of the avenue is Place Ahmed El Mansour (originally Place Galliéni).

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in 1554 with Ottoman support, but this reconquest was short-lived and later that same year the Wattasids were decisively defeated by the Saadis. The Ottomans attempted to invade Morocco after the assassination of Mohammed ash-Sheikh in 1558, but were stopped by his son

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of Fes is Arabic. While the daily spoken language is Darija (the Moroccan Arabic dialect), many people also speak French fluently. English is increasingly being learned by younger generations. Berber dialects are commonly spoken in the countryside around the city.

11945: 671:(Jewish quarter) was formed on the south side of this new district. After the overthrow of the Marinid dynasty, the growth of Fez stalled and the city subsequently competed with Marrakesh for political and cultural influence. It became the capital again under the 1345:

under the Marinid sultans, succeeded as rulers of Morocco from Fez. They perpetuated the structure of the Marinid state and continued its policies, but were unable to control all of Morocco. They did not contribute significantly to the physical fabric of Fez.

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pilgrimage, bought an Arabic printing press in Cairo and contracted an Egyptian operator, bringing both back with him to Morocco. The press appears to have been confiscated by the Moroccan authorities when it arrived at port and sent to Meknes, where Sultan

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in 1204, giving them their definitive shape and establishing the perimeter of Fes el-Bali to this day. The Almohads built the Kasbah Bou Jeloud on the site of the former Almoravid kasbah and also built the first kasbah occupying the site of the current

1833:, a luxury hotel overlooking Fes el-Bali and dating to the time of Lyautey. Thousands were arrested and at least five were killed. The government promised to investigate and raise wages, though some of these measures were dismissed by the opposition. 3307:(car-free areas) in the whole world. It is the site of the famous Qarawiyyin University and the Zawiya of Moulay Idris II, the most important religious and cultural sites, while Fez el-Jdid is the site of the 195 acre Royal Palace, still used by the 3468:

remaining in Fes. The Church of Saint Francis of Assisi, the only Catholic church in Fez, was established in 1919 or 1920, during the French colonial period. The current building was constructed in 1928 and expanded in 1933. Today it is part of the

3903:. Though their architecture can be very functional, some of them, like the Hammam as-Saffarin and the Hammam al-Mokhfiya, feature more decoration. The hammams are identifiable from the exterior by the domes and vaults above their main chambers. 1480:(also known as the Kasbah al-Khemis) to the north of Fes Jdid in order to house a large part of his tribal troops. He also restored or rebuilt what became known as the Kasbah an-Nouar, which became the living quarters of his followers from the 1079:(one of the Zenata tribes) were installed there. The city, along with much of northern Morocco, continued to change hands between the proxies of Córdoba and the proxies of the Fatimids for many decades. Following another successful invasion by 11759: 4407:

The city's main museums are housed in historic monuments mentioned above, including the Nejjarine Museum, the Dar Batha Museum, and the Arms Museum in Borj Nord. The Al Houria Cultural Complex, opened in 2005, is a cultural center in the

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in Fez is limited and significantly deviates from the international standard, which calls for a minimum of ten square meters of green space per resident. As of 2022, the city provides only two square meters of green space per resident.

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whose conventions evolved over time. Writers sought to establish a continuity between the teachings of contemporary Sufi masters and those that came before them, with the city of Fez portrayed as the center of this spiritual heritage.

1577:(1873–1894), who finally connected Fes Jdid and Fes el-Bali by building a walled corridor between them. New gardens and summer palaces, used by the royals and the capital's high society, were built within the corridor, such as the 1438:

conflict finally ended in 1627. Despite the reunification of the realm after 1627, the Saadis were in full decline and Fez had already suffered considerably from the repeated conquests and reconquests during the conflict. In 1641,

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performances from Amazigh (Berber) musicians and artists from across Morocco. The annual Festival of Sufi Culture hosts a conference with discussions and debates on Sufism as well as Sufi musical performances and rituals such as

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as the new administrative and military centre. Under the Marinids, many of the principal monuments in the medina were built and the city established its reputation as an important intellectual centre. Between 1271 and 1357 seven

3883:. They were generally built next to a well or natural spring which provided water, while the sloping topography of the city allowed for easy drainage. The layout of the traditional hammam in the region was inherited from the 1107:, the first ruler of the new dynasty, had a troubled reign. However, Ibn Atiyya's descendant Dunas ibn Hamama, ruling between 1037 and 1049, was responsible for improving the city's infrastructure. He developed much of Fez's 10613: 3779:

Royal Palace, or Dar al-Makhzen. Its ornate gates built in 1969–71 are the main feature visible to the public. Its grounds are not open to the public, as they are still used by the King of Morocco when visiting the city.

12063: 3815:). These commercial buildings housed the workshops of artisans or provided lodging for merchants and travelers. They also frequently served as venues for other commercial activities such as markets and auctions. The 4566:

Latin American Park is a park opened in the summer of 2015 that sits in the middle of Fez. It is around 3,700 square metres in area and employs about 40 workers. The park is dedicated to the relations of Fez and

1010:, received Fez, but some of his brothers attempted to break away from his leadership, resulting in an internecine conflict. Although the Idrisid realm was eventually reunified and enjoyed a period of peace under 6963: 4117:, was one of the centers of a Jewish intellectual and cultural renaissance that took place in the 10th and 11th centuries in Morocco and al-Andalus. Jewish literary figures associated with Fez include the poet 3658:. In modern times, the function of gates became more ceremonial rather than defensive, as reflected by the 1913 construction of the decorative Bab Bou Jeloud gate at the western entrance of Fes el-Bali by the 3576:

title) who is considered the main founder of the city of Fez. Another well-known and important zawiya is the Zawiyia of Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani, which commemorates Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani, the founder of Tijaniyyah

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is an important part of the history of visual art in Fes. While some aspects of Maghrebi script are codified and prescribed, there have also been innovations, such as those by the 19th century calligrapher

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was built in the 18th century by Amin Adiyil to provide accommodation and storage for merchants and now houses the Nejjarine Museum of Wooden Arts & Crafts. Other major important examples include the

1422:(also known as Battle of the Three Kings) in which Abd al-Malik's army defeated an invading Portuguese army, ensuring Moroccan independence. Abd al-Malik was killed during the battle and was succeeded by 1181:

legal scholarship and remained an important centre of trade and industry. Almoravid impact on the city's structure was such that Yusuf ibn Tashfin is sometimes considered to be the second founder of Fez.

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became the locus of further development, with new peripheral neighbourhoods–with inconsistent housing quality–spreading outwards around it. In 1963 the University of Al-Qarawiyyin was reorganized as a

7687: 7798: 3763:, have also been preserved. Numerous traditional houses, popularly known as "riads", are now utilized as hotels for the tourism industry. The Jamai Palace was converted into a luxury hotel, known as 1624:

in 1908. Abdelhafid's reign soon deteriorated and in early 1911 the sultan was besieged in Fez by the tribes of the Middle Atlas. Abdelhafid appealed for French help and a French force under Colonel

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have branches in Fez which promote French and Spanish, respectively. The American Language Center and the Arabic Language Institute in Fez, sister organizations that share the same location in the

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period but was likely rebuilt much later). The very oldest mosques of the city, dating back to its first years, were the Mosque of the Sharifs (or Shurafa Mosque) and the Mosque of the Sheikhs (or

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was controlled by Al-Fetouh. Both brothers fortified their respective shores, and their names have been preserved in two of the city's gates to this day: Bab Guissa (or Bab Gisa) in the north and

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today. These two historic cities are linked together and are usually referred to together as the "medina" of Fez, though this term is sometimes applied more restrictively to Fes el-Bali only.

1527:(religious scholars) of Fez being particularly influential. After Moulay Slimane's death, powerful families from Fez became the main players of the country's political and intellectual scene. 12979: 5262:

of Borj Sheikh Ahmed, Borj Twil, and Borj Sidi Bou Nafa' to the west. These fortifications were mostly built by Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur in the late 16th century. Their design is influenced by

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tribes that began in the 12th century. After this event, "Hilalian" dialects became dominant in the rural regions of central Morocco and are a major component of wider Moroccan Arabic today.

4372: 7496: 3243:) in Morocco. The other three are located in Casablanca, Marrakesh, and Rabat. These four municipalities are governed by special provisions that do not apply to ordinary municipalities. 1249:. The city reached its golden age in the Marinid period. In 1276, an anti-Marinid revolt resulted in a massacre of the Jewish community that was stopped by the intervention of the ruler 9221: 3974:

building, located southwest of the post office, was constructed in 1934–1936 by architects Adrien Laforgue and Antoine Marchisio and it originally housed the Court of First Instance (

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to the west had a wider impact on the entire city's development. While new colonial policies preserved historic monuments, they stalled urban development in heritage areas. Scholar

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palace. Moulay Hassan also expanded the old Royal Palace itself, extending its entrance up to the current location of the Old Mechouar while adding the New Mechouar, along with the

1476:, took Fez in 1666 that the city saw a revival and became the capital again, albeit briefly. Moulay Rashid set about restoring the city after a long period of neglect. He built the 10605: 4834: 1748:

and some of their informal political networks were established thanks to this shared educational background. In July 1930, the students and other inhabitants protested against the

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is the Arabic word for "city", which in former French colonies in North Africa is also used to refer to the old part of a city, as the French largely generally built new cities (

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El Idrissi El Omari, Mouhcine; Laoukili, Montaser; Akasbi, Mounir (2017). "Fouilles archéologiques à Funduq Ṣāgha à Fès: Éléments pour une lecture de l'urbanisme de la ville".

14477: 13729: 12815: 7824: 5150: 4282: 4189: 1538:(d. 1815), has had its spiritual center in Fez since al-Tijani moved here from Algeria in 1789. The order spread quickly among the literary elite of North West Africa and its 9988: 8310: 756:. Various legends have been reported to explain this etymology. One tells the story of a gold pickaxe found on site during the city's construction, while another claims that 12479: 12055: 11370: 4619:, located roughly 15 km south of the city center. A new terminal was added to the airport in 2017 which expanded the airport's capacity to 2.5 million visitors a year. 4181:

in 1516 by Samuel ben Isaac Nedivot and his son, who were Jewish refugees from Lisbon. The press was short-lived and printed 15 copies, one of which is now preserved at the

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Towards the beginning of the 20th century Moroccan literature began to diversify, with polemic or political works becoming more common at this time. For example, there were

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The municipality of Fez has an area of 94 square kilometres (36 sq mi) and recorded a population of 1,091,512 in the 2014 Moroccan census. It is divided into six

578:) in the early 9th century gave the nascent city its Arab character. After the downfall of the Idrisid dynasty, other empires came and went until the 11th century when the 10053:

Sibley, Magda; Jackson, Iain (2012). "The architecture of Islamic public baths of North Africa and the Middle East: an analysis of their internal spatial configurations".

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dialects (which were similar to North African dialects) brought by Jewish refugees from Spain after 1492, while other scholars argue that these same refugees mostly spoke

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that includes a theatre, a media library, and exhibition spaces. Several language institutes in Fez also organize cultural activities in addition to offering courses. The

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Fez also played a role in the Moroccan nationalist movement and in protests against the French colonial regime. Many Moroccan nationalists received their education at the

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During the colonial period the main public buildings of the city were erected along and around this main avenue. Buildings from this period were constructed in a mix of

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was started in 2006 and quickly established itself as one of the leading institutions in the private higher education sector in the city of Fez. In 2013, it became the

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Roquet, Vincent; Bornholdt, Luciano; Sirker, Karen; Lukic, Jelena (2017). "Livelihood Restoration for Informal Urban Occupations: Examples from Morocco and Pakistan".

8517: 8268: 6855: 3330:, describing it as "one of the most extensive and best conserved historic towns of the Arab-Muslim world." It was the first site in Morocco to be granted this status. 1625: 15261: 11098: 8914: 8549: 951: 11601: 15419: 11315: 10569:

Fès et sainteté, de la fondation à l'avènement du Protectorat (808–1912): Hagiographie, tradition spirituelle et héritage prophétique dans la ville de Mawlāy Idrīs

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Fès et sainteté, de la fondation à l'avènement du Protectorat (808–1912): Hagiographie, tradition spirituelle et héritage prophétique dans la ville de Mawlāy Idrīs

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industry has been continually operating in Fez and is considered one of the main tourist attractions. There are three tanneries in the city, largest among them is

12421: 7875: 3496:, originally as a mosque, now a university. It is the oldest existing and continually operating degree-awarding educational institution in the world according to 4399:), described the appellation "Andalusi music" as an unprecedented colonial invention "meant to detract from Arabness and intellectual and artistic abilities." 8620: 11453: 4472:(Sufi religious festivals) have traditionally taken place every year in honour of local Muslim saints and are typically sponsored by one or more of the city's 937: 13405: 11144: 9896: 9171: 13883: 13464: 7679: 6558:

Gilson Miller, Susan; Petruccioli, Attilio; Bertagnin, Mauro (2001). "Inscribing Minority Space in the Islamic City: The Jewish Quarter of Fez (1438–1912)".

3718: 944: 7794: 5361: 1902:. The latter stretches out to the west and south and is occupied largely by farmland. Roughly 15 km south of Fes el-Bali is the region's main airport, 1514:, where he resided instead. For nearly three more decades the city remained in more or less perpetual conflict with both the Udayas and the 'Alawi sultans. 10958: 8160: 5242:

They were located on higher ground overlooking Fes el-Bali, from which they would have been easily able to bombard the city with canons. These include the

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on January 11, 1944. This resulted in the arrest of nationalist leaders followed by the violent suppression of protests across many cities, including Fez.

8373: 7629: 2811:"of the rural Arabs")—due to its "association with the socio-economic power and dominance that its speakers enjoy at the national level," in the words of 10017: 8765: 8581: 7748: 7650: 5300:

There are competing theories about the historical roots of Moroccan Jewish dialects of Arabic. Some scholars argue that they were strongly influenced by

4040:) a new library was created inside the Royal Palace and later in the 19th century the city's wealthy elites began creating their own privates libraries. 2815: 1510:

between him and the city's population quickly soured due to his choice of governor. He immediately built a separate fortified palace in the countryside,

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claims that an ancient city named "Sef" had previously existed on the site and that Idris I reversed the letters of this name to create the name "Fes".

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Marcos Cobaleda, Maria; Villalba Sola, Dolores (2018). "Transformations in medieval Fez: Almoravid hydraulic system and changes in the Almohad walls".

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and economic sustenance since the city's early history. Up until the late 19th century, the city was the only place in the world which fabricated the

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Chetrit, Joseph (2014). "Juifs du Maroc et Juifs d'Espagne: deux destins imbriqués". In Lintz, Yannick; Déléry, Claire; Tuil Leonetti, Bulle (eds.).

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The Fez Running Festival is race that has taken place annually since 2022 with two competitions, one for kids and one for adults. It is organized by

12969: 7600: 6159: 4839:, the city's first private university. Its main focus is its engineering school, though it also offers diplomas in architecture, business, and law. 7525: 4161:(d. 1204), one of the most important Jewish intellectuals of his era, also lived in Fez from 1159 to 1165 after fleeing al-Andalus. The first book 3540:, which was commissioned by the 'Alawi sultan Al-Rashid in 1670 and is the only major non-Marinid foundation besides the Madrasa of al-Qarawiyyin. 3014: 8454:"Population Légale des Régions, Provinces, Préfectures, Municipalitiés, Arrondissements et Communes du Royaume d'Aprés les Résultats du RGPH 2014" 3871:(public bathhouses in the Muslim world) which continue to be used by local people. Examples, all dating from around the 14th century, include the 3709:

near the Saffarin Madrasa along the river. The tanneries are packed with the round stone wells filled with dye or white liquids for softening the

1177:

today) to house the city's governor and garrison. Although the capital was moved to Marrakesh under the Almoravids, Fez acquired a reputation for

10518: 10277: 7474: 4848: 2560: 448: 12450: 10898: 4215:. Hebrew printing presses were reintroduced to Morocco in the 1890s in Tangier and were more firmly established across the country in the 1920s. 13847: 13806: 5961: 958: 8608: 4495:

runner who was born and raised in Fez. The festival sees thousands of participants every year who run a course that goes throughout the city.

3295:(River of Fez), and the smaller Fez Jdid, founded on higher ground to the west in the 13th century. It is distinct from Fez's now much larger 15414: 15254: 14463: 9200: 2950:

s (markets) branched off. The crafts industry continues to this day and is still focused in the old city, though largely reliant on tourism.

11819: 11626: 10340: 9229: 7776: 204: 12193: 9105: 8704: 8672: 1542:

had significant religious, intellectual, and political influence in Fez and beyond. Until the 19th century the city was the only source of

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Le Tourneau, Roger; Terrasse, Henri (2012). "Fās". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).

11709: 6344: 5583: 3508:, resulting in the unprecedented prosperity of the city's religious institutions. The first madrasa built during the Marinid era was the 2953:

Today, the city's surrounding countryside, the fertile Saïss plains, is an important source of agricultural activity producing primarily

1323: 9507: 9288: 8880: 4304: 4043:

The city is also one of the historical centers of Moroccan Sufism and a significant body of written works were devoted to its many Sufi

3665:

Several forts were constructed along the defensive perimeters of the medina during different time periods. A "kasbah" in the context of

743:), from which the English names Fez, Fès, and Fas are derived. According to some traditions, the city's name comes from the Arabic word 627:

were constructed, many of which survive today, while other structures were restored. These buildings are counted among the hallmarks of

12162: 11500: 10181: 8248: 5283:"Pre-Hilalian" in this context refers to dialects believed to descend from the Arabic spoken in the region prior to the arrival of the 4096:("Advice to the People of Islam"), published in Fez in 1908, both of which called on Moroccans to unite against European encroachment. 1776:

After Morocco regained its independence in 1956, many of the trends begun under colonial rule continued and accelerated. Much of Fez's

1439: 7407: 4800:

is a public university founded in 1975 and is the largest in the city by attendance, counting over 86,000 students in 2020. It has 12

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is considered by some to be the oldest continually-operating university in the world. The university was first founded as a mosque by

4089: 1741:

during this period. By contrast, the old city (medina) of Fez was increasingly settled by poorer rural migrants from the countryside.

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which was founded in 857 and is the oldest continuously functioning institute of higher education in the world. It also contains the

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used by Moroccans outside the city. This separation was partly softened, however, by wealthy Moroccans who started moving into the

12853: 12471: 11362: 9317: 4297: 15270: 12693: 12566: 10753: 9669: 8795: 8733: 8642: 8189: 7853: 6715:

Véronne, Chantal de la (2012). "Saʿdids". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).

12222: 12001: 11848: 11785: 10979: 10721: 10467: 10426: 9812: 9371: 7016:

A history of the Jews in North Africa: From the Ottoman conquests to the present time, edited by Eliezer Bashan and Robert Attal

12301: 11340: 10826: 10304: 8427: 7092: 4058:, as the impetus for the development of a tradition of Sufi literature particular to Fez. This literature was a diverse mix of 3929:

is centered around Avenue Hassan II, a wide street laid out by the French colonial administration after 1912 and known then as

1262:

were built, which are among the best examples of Moroccan architecture and some of the most richly decorated monuments in Fez.

12797:"Al-Lamiya de az-Zaqqaq, al-'Amal al-Fasi de 'Abd ar-Rahman al-Fasi, y al-'Amal al-Mutlaq de as-Siyilmasi" by Henry Toledano, 12026: 11248: 10665:"Samuel ben Isaac Nedivot & his Son Isaac Issue the First Book Printed on the Continent of Africa: History of Information" 9936: 9858: 9833: 9258: 8362:"Pilgrimage, Spiritual Tourism and the Shaping of Transnational 'Imagined Communities': the Case of the Tidjani Ziyara to Fez" 3737:

Many old private residences have also survived to this day, in various states of conservation. The typical traditional house (

1837:

restore and rehabilitate the old medina, ranging from the restoration of individual monuments to attempts to rehabilitate the

935:. These two waves of immigrants gave the city its Arabic character and would subsequently give their name to the districts of 791:

being reserved for the separate site on the other side of the river. No Idrisid coins have been found with the name Fez, only

15404: 13167: 13065: 13026: 12757: 12605: 10836: 10792: 10763: 10733: 10648: 10577: 10403: 10316: 10242: 10110: 9621: 9583: 9131: 8890: 8864: 8837: 8487: 8339: 8242: 8136: 8107: 7580: 7555: 7391: 7362: 7288: 7124: 7049: 6931: 6812: 6784: 6757: 6688: 6663: 6636: 6606: 6466: 6397: 6315: 6288: 6241: 5915: 5834: 5632: 5566: 5541: 5508: 3343: 1159:

into one city. The walls dividing them were destroyed, bridges connecting them were built or renovated, and a new circuit of

13101: 12537: 10689: 10305:"From 'Avenue de France' to 'Boulevard Hassan II': Toponymic Inscription and the Construction of Nationhood in Fès, Morocco" 8509: 1760:, which ended with French troops being deployed across Fes el-Bali, including at the mosques themselves. Towards the end of 14486: 13400: 12117: 8943: 8276: 6844: 5092: 4797: 3583:

from the 18th century. A number of zawiyas are scattered elsewhere across the city, many containing the tombs of important

3404:

and evolved into the Zawiya of Moulay Idris II that exists today, while the al-Anouar Mosque has left only minor remnants.

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of El Mariniyine, Fès-Médina, and Zouagha and the municipality of Méchouar Fès Jdid. South Fez consists of the other three

1807: 14160: 11090: 10391: 8906: 8538: 8003:

Hachimi, Atiqa (2012-05-23). "The urban and the urbane: Identities, language ideologies, and Arabic dialects in Morocco".

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Abu-Lughod, Janet (1975). "Moroccan Cities: Apartheid and the Serendipity of Conservation". In Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim (ed.).

6337:

An architectural Investigation of Marinid and Wattasid Fes Medina (674–961/1276–1554), in Terms of Gender, Legend, and Law

4680:) depart from and arrive at several spots including the Bab Mahrouk bus station (for western destinations like Meknes and 15424: 13135: 12672: 11593: 11399: 5333:

The veneration of Idris II as a patron saint began in the 15th century and so the moussem developed some time after this.

4583:. Latin American Park includes a number of facilities, such as a pool, a children's pavilion, cafes, and several trails. 4274:

workshops in other cities, such as Meknes, Salé and Marrakesh, usually follow or emulate the craftsmanship style of Fez.

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Fez is becoming an increasingly popular tourist destination and many non-Moroccans are now restoring traditional houses (

1884:(New City) along with several outlying modern neighbourhoods. The old city is located in a valley along the banks of the 1667:

in Fez, a popular uprising which included deadly attacks targeting Europeans as well as native Jewish inhabitants in the

1613: 12747: 11307: 10781:""Fit to Sacrifice on the Altar of Print": Approbation Letters and the Printing of 19th-Century Moroccan Halakhic Books" 9471: 8972: 7114: 5936:

Eustache, D. (2012). "Idrīsids". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).

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A number of mosques from the important Marinid era, when Fes Jdid was created to be the capital of Morocco, include the

3318:

and dars) as second homes in the medina. In 1981, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (

13714: 12413: 11152: 6388:

Rguig, Hicham (2014). "Quand Fès inventait le Mellah". In Lintz, Yannick; Déléry, Claire; Tuil Leonetti, Bulle (eds.).

3690: 3588: 3384:. Among the oldest still standing today are the Mosque of al-Qarawiyyin, founded in 857 and subsequently expanded, the 3251: 1565:

in the late 19th century at the northern entrance to Fes Jdid and the Royal Palace; on the left is the entrance to the

558:, Fez initially consisted of two autonomous and competing settlements. Successive waves of mainly Arab immigrants from 15071: 11044: 3933:. A tree-lined park area runs along its middle between the lanes for car traffic. At the avenue's northeastern end is 3218:

The municipality of Fez is governed by a 91-member council, elected by direct universal suffrage every six years. The

1589:, to the north. The expansion separated the Moulay Abdallah neighbourhood to the northwest from the rest of Fes Jdid. 14149: 13204: 11012: 10931: 9759: 9533: 8603: 7024: 6997: 6024: 5472: 5395: 5358: 3336: 612:

Medina of Fez. Under Almoravid rule, the city gained a reputation for religious scholarship and mercantile activity.

12392: 11922: 11445: 6679:

O'Meara, Simon (2013). "Fez". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).

5585:

An architectural investigation of Marinid Wattasid Fes Medina (674–961/1276–1554) in terms of gender, legend and law

1495:, his successor, apparently disliked the city—possibly due to a rebellion there in his early reign—and chose nearby 11572: 11533: 11478: 11424: 11227: 11202: 11177: 11123: 10583: 10443: 10144: 9888: 9589: 9342: 9163: 4659: 4530:

and there are plans to upgrade its sports stadium before this date. It is also expected to host matches during the

4256: 4244: 3713:. The leather goods produced in the tanneries are exported around the world. The two other major tanneries are the 3674:, and the Kasbah Cherarda. The Saadis also built a number of bastions and forts in the late 16th century including 3646:(in the west), Bab Guissa (in the northeast), and Bab Ftouh (in the southeast). The main gates of Fes Jdid include 3019: 1927: 14968: 12664: 12251: 12095: 8453: 8124: 2790:"the people of Fes," referring especially to old elite families) speak their own distinct dialect of Darija. This 1931: 15066: 13734: 12090: 11738: 7453: 6304:

Coatsworth, John; Cole, Juan; Hanagan, Michael P.; Perdue, Peter C.; Tilly, Charles; Tilly, Louise (2015-03-16).

5985:"Anīs al-Muṭrib bi-Rawḍat al-Qirṭās fī akhbār mulūk al-Maġrib wa-Madīnat Fās – Or. 17 | Digital Collections" 5905: 5180: 3642:

earliest years of the city. The oldest gates today, and historically the most important ones of Fes el-Bali, are

3596: 1816:. In 1981, the old city, consisting of Fes el-Bali and Fes Jdid, was classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 1756:

were rallying points for demonstrations against a violent crackdown on Moroccan protesters in the nearby city of

1643: 1407: 1250: 636: 13001: 10950: 8152: 7145:

Wagner, Lauren; Minca, Claudio (2014). "Rabat retrospective: Colonial heritage in a Moroccan urban laboratory".

6735:

La Mosquée al-Qaraouiyin à Fès; avec une étude de Gaston Deverdun sur les inscriptions historiques de la mosquée

135: 13719: 10497: 8361: 7621: 5421: 4377: 3659: 3611:, built during the 14th century as a necropolis for the Marinid sultans, are close to the Bab Guissa Cemetery. 3557: 3223:

Rally of Independents (RNI), succeeded Driss Azami El Idrissi as the new president of the municipality of Fez.

2982: 1656: 1415: 689: 10855:

Inscription as Art in the World of Islam: Unity in Diversity: at the Emily Lowe Gallery, April 14–May 24, 1996

10009: 9740:

Aziza Chaouni: Hybrid Urban Sutures: Filling in the Gaps in the Medina of Fez." Archit 96 no. 1 (2007): 58–63.

8573: 7752: 6892: 3460:, as well multiple other lesser-known synagogues, though none of them are functioning today. According to the 168: 14175: 13299: 12777: 9697: 8993: 7902: 7749:"Guía resumida del clima en España (1981–2010) – Agencia Estatal de Meteorología – AEMET. Gobierno de España" 6774: 6653: 6536:

Zafrani, H. "Mallāḥ". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).

3431:(1331–1351), but modified in later centuries. Other major mosques from the more recent 'Alawi period are the 1108: 14753: 12280: 12086:"The city of Fez: Technical and Institutional strengthening for a sustainable management of water resources" 9959: 9783: 9551: 9089: 9030: 8046:

Errihani, Mohammed (2016-07-28). "Language and social distinction: speaking Darija* with the right accent".

4199:, an Islamic scholar and judge originally from the Sous region. In 1864 Ar-Rudani, while returning from his 12622: 12500: 12330: 12143: 11224:"American Language Center (ALC) and the Arabic Language Institute (ALIF) – Regional Council of Tourism Fez" 9649: 9422: 4775:

and three years of secondary school. Primary education, beginning at age six, is both free and obligatory.

4712: 3950: 15097: 3400:); however, they no longer exist in their original form. The Mosque of the Sharifs was the burial site of 3392:

from the late 12th century, and possibly the Mosque of the Kasbah en-Nouar (which may have existed in the

15409: 13582: 13516: 13484: 13443: 13395: 10097:

Sibley, Magda (2013). "The historic hammams of Damascus and Fez". In Weber, Willi; Yannas, Simos (eds.).

7596: 6457:

Touri, Abdelaziz; Benaboud, Mhammad; Boujibar El-Khatib, Naïma; Lakhdar, Kamal; Mezzine, Mohamed (2010).

6155: 4816: 4783: 4445: 4437: 4055: 3513: 3428: 3408: 2798: 1745: 1499:

as his capital instead. Although he did restore or rebuild some major monuments in the city, such as the

1305: 701: 109: 7517: 2729: 1630: 14518: 14513: 6461:(2nd ed.). Ministère des Affaires Culturelles du Royaume du Maroc & Museum With No Frontiers. 4531: 4147: 3449:

also includes many modern mosques, the largest of which is the Imam Malik Mosque which opened in 1994.

1764:, Moroccan nationalists gathered in Fez to draft a demand for independence which they submitted to the 15160: 10269: 9147:

El Mghari, Mina (2017). "Tendances architecturales de la mosquée marocaine (XVIIème-XIXème siècles)".

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in 859 which subsequently became one of the leading spiritual and educational centers of the historic

4520: 4099: 3741:) is centered around an internal courtyard. Some of these houses also had internal gardens known as a 14798: 14498: 14379: 13709: 13704: 13521: 13374: 12442: 10870: 10853: 9834:"Histoire du Maroc: Palais Jamai, Patrimoine universel. – Cabinet Consulting Expertise International" 5391: 4689: 4616: 4223: 3962: 3604: 3457: 3385: 2998: 1945: 1903: 1500: 1281: 1214: 1075:

clients. The Fatimids took the city in 927 and expelled the Idrisids definitively, after which their

994: 842: 520: 346: 333: 83: 57: 8539:

Le rôle des élus au sein des communes du Maroc: vers une gouvernance locale plus proche des citoyens

6501:

García-Arenal, Mercedes (1987). "Les Bildiyyīn de Fès, un groupe de néo-musulmans d'origine juive".

5952: 14833: 14168: 7188:

Holden, Stacy E. (2008). "The Legacy of French Colonialism: Preservation in Morocco's Fez Medina".

4748: 4030: 2849: 2830: 1419: 381: 13410: 12596:. Vol. I: A–Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. p. 11948:[Bird Park in Fez...a park that provides comfort for visitors to the scientific capital]. 11896: 9192: 14728: 14455: 13791: 12884: 12720:"Throne Day: King Decorates Three Moroccans for Outstanding Scientific and Academic Achievements" 11811: 10332: 7780: 7304:

Hart, David M. (1997). "The Berber Dahir of 1930 in colonial Morocco: then and now (1930–1996)".

6484:

Kubisch, Natascha (2011). "Maghreb – Architecture" in Hattstein, Markus and Delius, Peter (eds.)

6141: 5110: 5052: 4538: 1824: 1648: 1597: 1403: 14813: 12185: 11671: 8829:

Landscape Architecture and Environmental Sustainability: Creating Positive Change Through Design

8712: 8679: 5192: 4794:. It became a state university in 1963, and remains an important institution of learning today. 4519:

the highest tier of the Moroccan football system and play their home matches at the 45,000 seat

3262:

of Agdal, Jnan El Ouard, and Saiss, and the three rural municipalities outside the city of Fez.

1484:

region (the 'Alawi dynasty's ancestral home). Moulay Rashid also built a large new madrasa, the

1111:, which has largely survived up to the present day. Other structures built in his time included 1056: 15224: 14694: 14588: 14249: 13739: 13663: 13632: 13607: 12597: 12588: 12363: 12139: 11065: 5592: 5070: 4488: 4207: 4129: 3976: 3501: 3453: 3432: 2886: 1765: 1752:, decreed by the French authorities in May of that year. In 1937, the Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque and 1573:

The last major change to Fez's topography before the 20th century was made during the reign of

1095:

Fez continued to grow under Zenata control, even though conflicts between its two settlements,

501: 14544: 13157: 11701: 10207:

Mélanges offerts à William Marçais par l'Institut d'études islamiques de l'Université de Paris

9280: 8477: 7597:"La magnifique rénovation des 27 monuments de Fès – Conseil Régional du Tourisme (CRT) de Fès" 7014: 6368: 6335: 6260: 6156:"La magnifique rénovation des 27 monuments de Fès – Conseil Régional du Tourisme (CRT) de Fès" 5388:"Note sur les premiers résultats du Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat 2014" 4587:

is a "Bird Garden" which hosts more than thirty species of birds, local and imported, such as

4324:'joy of the instrument') musical style, a result of a large migration of Muslims from 3227:

municipality possesses a special administrative status as the location of a royal palace (the

1434:

around the city which appear to have been aimed at keeping control over the local population.

17: 15394: 14898: 14867: 14784: 14384: 14118: 14059: 14032: 13937: 13929: 13867: 8766:"Législatives 2021: qui a été élu dans votre circonscription ? (17 cartes interactives)" 6985: 5076: 4596: 4020: 3954: 3620: 3461: 3369: 2989:) pilgrims. The city and the region still struggle with unemployment and economic precarity. 2880: 1617: 1518: 1411: 1394: 1190: 1160: 632: 373: 14774: 10809: 10166: 9611: 7933: 6594: 6014: 5498: 3637:

walls with watchtowers and gates, a pattern of urban planning which can be seen in Salé and

3504:. The Marinid dynasty devoted great attention to the construction of madrasas following the 1377:, rose to power in southern Morocco and challenged the Wattasids. Around the same time, the 15204: 14554: 14190: 13688: 13597: 13536: 13240: 10638: 7680:"Aziza Chaouni presents a 2014 TED Talk on her efforts to uncover the Fez River in Morocco" 7154: 5271: 4999: 4776: 4504: 3572:), dedicated to and containing the tomb of Idris II (or Moulay Idris II when including his 3381: 3364: 3229: 2978: 2853: 2738: 1854: 1820: 1819:

Social inequalities and economic precarity were accentuated during the repressive reign of

1601: 1473: 1461: 1457: 1330: 979:

population for a time. The Jews were especially concentrated in a northeastern district of

660: 628: 113: 28: 15175: 14908: 14823: 14668: 14244: 12879: 10361: 8856:

Urban Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement: Linking Innovation and Local Benefits

8394: 4413: 4218: 4188:

Printing in Arabic was introduced to Morocco in 1864–65, on the initiative of a man named

3291:

The historic city of Fez consists of Fes el-Bali, the original city on both shores of the

1784:

and the capital, Rabat. The Jewish population was particularly depleted, either moving to

1006:

Following the death of Idris II in 828 the region was divided among his sons. The eldest,

8: 15032: 15017: 14988: 14893: 14779: 14534: 14076: 13893: 13862: 13781: 13648: 13627: 13602: 13531: 13494: 13379: 13080: 10694: 8513: 7383:

A History Of African Higher Education From Antiquity To The Present: A Critical Synthesis

5204: 4760: 4623: 4527: 4417: 4360: 4319: 4182: 4005: 3821: 3743: 3714: 3548: 3517: 3485: 3436: 3412: 3401: 3356: 3327: 3271: 2918:

Historically, the city was one of Morocco's main centers of trade and craftsmanship. The

2898: 2771: 1621: 1574: 1562: 1386: 931:, were one major component of the immigrant population. These families mainly settled in 889: 780: 760:

used a silver and gold pickaxe to dig alongside his workers. Another account reported by

693: 396: 14769: 14539: 10668: 10232: 9472:"World's oldest library reopens in Fez: 'You can hurt us, but you can't hurt the books'" 8907:"The 10 Best Royal Palace of Fez (Fes Dar el-Makhzen) Tours & Tickets 2021 | Viator" 7158: 6188: 6135: 5774:

Fès avant le protectorat: étude économique et sociale d'une ville de l'occident musulman

15190: 15146: 15087: 14973: 14963: 14913: 14888: 14818: 14684: 14573: 14490: 14364: 14224: 14049: 13909: 13842: 13760: 13673: 13658: 13653: 13551: 12974: 12926:"Bennani Claims First WTCC Victory in Second Shanghai Race – WTCC – The Checkered Flag" 12889: 12849: 12724: 11874: 11631: 10890: 10512: 10070: 9310: 8800: 8738: 8646: 8071: 8028: 7907: 7849: 7479: 7355:

Living in a World Heritage Site: Ethnography of Houses and Daily Life in the Fez Medina

7170: 6575: 6518: 6116: 4942: 4916: 4801: 4336:

melodical arrangements. While this musical style is sometimes popularly referred to as

4015: 3988:

Fez is considered the spiritual and cultural heart of Morocco. It is often called the "

3876: 3829: 3816: 3537: 3533: 3521: 3416: 3247: 2943: 2869: 1485: 1399: 1234: 1015: 1007: 858: 757: 255: 12697: 12558: 9752:

La médina de Marrakech: Formation des espaces urbains d'une ancienne capitale du Maroc

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variety of Arabic. Like the inhabitants of other historical urban centers in Morocco,

1620:

to Abd al-Hafid, which turned the tide of the conflict. Abdelaziz was defeated in the

1217:

ordered the reconstruction of the ramparts. The walls were completed by his successor

15219: 15185: 15131: 15116: 14958: 14903: 14847: 14709: 14699: 14609: 14559: 14259: 14229: 14108: 13801: 13546: 13541: 13292: 13200: 13163: 13061: 12753: 12601: 12214: 12005: 11840: 11018: 11008: 10983: 10927: 10894: 10832: 10788: 10759: 10729: 10644: 10573: 10399: 10312: 10238: 10106: 10074: 9804: 9755: 9617: 9579: 9529: 9479: 9363: 9127: 8886: 8860: 8833: 8483: 8238: 8132: 8103: 8075: 8063: 8032: 8020: 7978: 7974: 7576: 7551: 7488: 7387: 7358: 7284: 7174: 7120: 7084: 7045: 7020: 6993: 6937: 6927: 6818: 6808: 6780: 6753: 6694: 6684: 6659: 6632: 6602: 6462: 6393: 6311: 6284: 6237: 6120: 6020: 5911: 5830: 5628: 5562: 5537: 5504: 5468: 5267: 5216: 5128: 4756: 4559: 4484:. The week of the moussem is also marked by other cultural events and entertainment. 4118: 3837: 3792: 3788: 3702: 3424: 3393: 3389: 2919: 2842: 2672: 2513: 2466: 1880: 1803: 1689: 1578: 1492: 1469: 1309: 1238: 1218: 1202: 1194: 1148: 1144: 1080: 1064: 1048: 1044: 1040: 999: 920: 885: 873: 709: 672: 585: 15002: 11336: 11005:

Dossier I, Musiques d'Algérie Dossier II, Algérie: histoire, société, cultures, arts

8423: 7066: 6881:"Sufi Revival and Islamic Literacy: Tijaniyya Writings in Twentieth-Century Nigeria" 4908: 4804:

with sites across Fez; the two main campuses are known as Dhar El Mehraz and Sais.

4114: 2897:

is also widespread as a language of government and law. The primary language of the

1088: 1060: 924: 667:

were later added. During this period the Jewish population of the city grew and the

15180: 15141: 15136: 15037: 14983: 14743: 14634: 14629: 14604: 14549: 14069: 14054: 13914: 13683: 13526: 11256: 10882: 10062: 9928: 9250: 8230: 8222: 8055: 8012: 7970: 7475:"33 Dead in 2-Day Riot in Morocco Fed by Frustration Over Economy (Published 1990)" 7313: 7162: 7074: 6567: 6510: 6108: 5988: 5497:

Bressolette, Henri (2016). "Fondation de Fès El Bali par Idriss Ier et Idriss II".

5146: 5064: 4737: 4708: 4383: 4341: 4278: 3880: 3724: 3509: 3397: 2935: 2890: 1731: 1338: 1206: 1011: 888:, eventually moving to northern Morocco and conquereing much of the area. His son, 881: 803:

ever referred to both urban areas. The two cities were united in 1070 and the name

619:

era (13th–15th centuries), regaining its status as political capital. Numerous new

474: 15368: 15239: 11925:[The Urban Community opens the Latin American Garden to visitors in Fez]. 11646: 10886: 9409:

Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700–1800

9222:"La mosquée Imam Malik, un joyau architectural au cœur de la capitale spirituelle" 8456:(in Arabic and French). High Commission for Planning. 8 April 2015. Archived from 8331: 8059: 7958: 6112: 3747:. Such private houses include the Dar al-Alami, the Dar Saada (now a restaurant), 1406:

north of Fez. After the death of Abdallah al-Ghalib a new power struggle emerged.

15092: 15027: 15022: 14883: 14828: 14704: 14689: 14648: 14619: 14614: 14359: 14354: 14254: 14239: 14198: 14064: 13995: 13962: 13957: 13919: 13888: 13852: 13592: 13587: 13566: 13353: 13087: 12529: 12169: 12150: 11841:"Moroccan Basketball, News, Teams, Scores, Stats, Standings, Awards – afrobasket" 10699: 9963: 9724: 9701: 9678: 9653: 9555: 9093: 9052: 8854: 8827: 7278: 6413: 6204: 5992: 5876: 5772: 5622: 5531: 5462: 5365: 5301: 5198: 5058: 4787: 4449: 4432: 4392: 4351: 4310: 4251: 4178: 4167: 4105: 3971: 3966: 3872: 3861: 3857: 3768: 3706: 3695: 3553: 3493: 3440: 3420: 3308: 3304: 2923: 2894: 2861: 2762: 2758: 1753: 1706: 1535: 1477: 1423: 1362: 1319: 1246: 1223: 1104: 1032: 862: 822: 768: 740: 705: 697: 551: 547:

of Africa". It is also considered the spiritual and cultural capital of Morocco.

528: 524: 492: 278: 14274: 13438: 11973:"Tourism in Fez-Meknes grows on the strength of religious and wellness visitors" 8935: 8613: 5954:

Inventory of the Oriental Manuscripts of the Library of the University of Leiden

5308:

when they arrived and eventually adopted existing Arabic dialects in the cities.

4512: 4480:, a large textile decorated with Qur'anic verses that is draped over Idris II's 3913: 1229: 72: 14927: 14624: 14424: 13990: 13967: 13678: 13668: 13561: 13345: 12875: 10871:"No man is an island: globalisation and resilience in the Fez zillīj tradition" 10489: 7651:"Revitalization of the Fez River: A Reclaimed Public Space | Smart Cities Dive" 7227:

African Themes: Northwestern University Studies in Honor of Gwendolen M. Carter

5288: 5243: 5170: 4921: 4869: 4337: 4333: 4071: 3671: 3529: 3525: 3481: 3300: 2974: 1867: 1684: 1672: 1664: 1446: 1390: 1378: 1174: 1027: 816: 679: 13127: 11391: 10066: 8016: 7317: 6822: 1712: 1671:, followed by an even deadlier repression. The first French resident general, 15383: 15102: 14978: 14714: 14389: 14309: 14264: 14123: 14113: 14103: 14098: 14020: 13826: 13358: 13335: 12360:"Université Privée de Fès – 1ère Université Privée à Fès Reconnue par l'Etat" 11786:"Morocco and East African co-bid to host future Africa Cup of Nations finals" 11022: 10634: 9483: 8964: 8067: 8024: 7982: 7492: 7166: 7088: 6941: 6698: 5305: 5210: 5186: 5164: 5158: 5104: 5088: 4772: 4723:

The city's water supply, sewage, and electricity networks are managed by the

4571:; its inauguration ceremony was attended by a delegation of ambassadors from 4568: 4366: 3752: 3651: 3608: 3505: 3465: 3315: 2833:(like the American pronunciation of /ɹ/ in the word "red") in the place of a 2791: 2348: 1668: 1660: 1586: 1566: 1295: 1286: 1273: 1269: 964: 668: 664: 220: 207: 12118:"Strengthening Education in the Muslim World: Country Profiles and Analysis" 8479:

Territoires et politiques dans les périphéries des grandes villes du Maghreb

8234: 5984: 2973:. Tourism is also a major industry due to the city's UNESCO-listed historic 1185: 14414: 14409: 14404: 14093: 14000: 13977: 13857: 13821: 13556: 13285: 13271: 11036: 10362:"Un concours d'architecture maroco-italien pour restaurer une place de Fès" 6418: 6373: 6265: 6209: 5881: 5222: 5134: 5098: 5082: 4864: 4791: 4262:

Fez remains the most important production center in Morocco for the art of

4143: 3868: 3852: 3841: 3812: 3760: 3647: 2845: 1923: 1761: 1749: 1112: 976: 13247: 11279:"ALC-ALIF in Fez: Learn Language, Understand Culture, Serve the Community" 3721:

in the neighbourhood of the same name on the northern edge of Fes el-Bali.

1635:

arrived in Fez on May 21 and established a command centre at Dar Dbibegh.

15051: 14304: 14015: 13985: 13952: 13459: 13322: 12384: 11930: 11145:"Complexe culturel de Fès Al Houria, concert, spetacle,humour,fès, maroc" 10980:"مالكة العاصمي: أنواع الأدب الشعبي بالمغرب – طرب الآلة – – وزارة الثقافة" 5467:(in French). Paris: Les Presses de l'Unesco: Nouvelles Éditions Latines. 5140: 5007: 4986: 4854: 4815:, another public university, was created in 2012 and is certified by the 4655: 4542: 4059: 3892: 3888: 3710: 3655: 3643: 3282: 3127: 2986: 2812: 1891: 1871: 1859: 1777: 1701: 1511: 761: 589: 407: 117: 94: 13263: 13258: 13251: 13002:"Moroccan Scientist Rachid Yazami: The Man Who Gave us Cell Phone Power" 11760:"Morocco to build new stadium, upgrade six others before 2030 World Cup" 11568: 11529: 11474: 11420: 11223: 11198: 11173: 11119: 10132: 9334: 3564:

Located in the heart of Fes el-Bali, the Zawiya of Moulay Idris II is a

2801:

over other forms of Moroccan Darija—particularly those seen as rural or

14862: 14394: 14294: 14010: 13811: 13786: 12243: 12085: 11872:[The Fez Botanical Garden project has still not been created]. 10567: 9573: 6522: 5284: 5122: 5117: 4671: 4645: 4481: 4158: 3938: 3896: 3772: 3748: 3634: 3452:

Elsewhere, the Jewish quarter (Mellah) is the site of the 17th-century

2876: 2865: 2777: 1785: 1781: 1531: 1314: 1143:

In 1069–1070 (or possibly a few years later), Fez was conquered by the

988: 928: 912: 567: 555: 516: 260: 15297: 12956:

The Berber Identity Movement and the Challenge to North African States

11923:"الجماعة الحضرية تفتح حديقة أمريكا اللاتينية في وجه الزوار بمدينة فاس" 11730: 8457: 7445: 7067:"Aménagement et préservation de la médina de Rabat entre 1912 et 1956" 6579: 6456: 5387: 3833: 2825:

dialect has traditionally had distinctive linguistic features. On the

2568:

Source 2: Voodoo skies for extremes, Weather AtlasJanuary record high

1276:

was the traditional Jewish quarter of the city since the 15th century.

15351: 15345: 15338: 15304: 14942: 14344: 14334: 14299: 14025: 14005: 13942: 13816: 13796: 13765: 13755: 12272: 11337:"Fès et son Festival – Festival de Fès des Musiques Sacrées du Monde" 10102: 7079: 5777:(in French). Casablanca: Société Marocaine de Librairie et d'Édition. 5533:

Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia

5417: 5251: 5247: 5174: 4768: 4685: 4572: 4455: 4365:'instrument') to differentiate it from the Sufi tradition of 4067: 4063: 3900: 3756: 3675: 3516:

was the most prolific patron of madrasa construction, completing the

2977:. Religious tourism is also present due to the old city's many major 2970: 2934:. The city's commerce was concentrated along its major streets, like 2931: 2834: 2826: 1582: 1543: 1374: 1358: 1354: 1211: 1132: 897: 579: 364: 12970:"Morocco's Royal Family Celebrates Birthday of Princess Lalla Salma" 10491: 8182:"Moroccan Arabic – Darija | Qalam wa Lawh Center for Arabic Studies" 6514: 4973: 3751:, Dar Belghazi, and others. Larger and richer mansions, such as the 3250:, North Fez and South Fez, each of which elects four members to the 1914:, the next largest city in the region, is located to the southwest. 1675:, decided to move the administrative capital of the Protectorate to 531:, it is surrounded by hills and the old city is centered around the 14444: 14399: 14339: 14329: 14128: 13947: 13327: 11950: 11363:"Fez Celebrates its 15th International Festival of Amazigh Culture" 10309:

Place Names in Africa: Colonial Urban Legacies, Entangled Histories

9068:

Terrasse, Henri (1964). "La mosquée almohade de Bou Jeloud à Fès".

8673:

Rapport d'activités relatif à l'exercice 2013: Volume II, Livre III

8510:"Abdeslam Bekkali du RNI, élu président du Conseil communal de Fès" 7903:"In just Ten Years, Foreign Population in Morocco Increased by 63%" 6880: 6571: 5559:

Place Names in Africa: Colonial Urban Legacies, Entangled Histories

5255: 5038: 4960: 4934: 4890: 4576: 4492: 4325: 4162: 3958: 3679: 3666: 3292: 3286: 3235: 1886: 1875: 1838: 1687:". Instead, the French administration built new modern cities (the 1593: 1558: 1481: 1452: 1300: 1294:) status, requiring that non-Muslims be removed from the area. The 1254: 1116: 1084: 1068: 905: 866: 854: 640: 575: 559: 532: 14485: 12839:, ed. by Norman A. Stillman and others (Leiden: Brill, 2010), s.v. 11870:"Le projet du Jardin botanique de Fès n'a toujours pas vu le jour" 11007:. Vol. 47. Toulouse: Presses Universitaires du Mirail. 2002. 9694: 8678:(Report). Court of Accounts of Morocco. p. 47. Archived from 8221:

Abdulrazak, Fawzi (2015), Davis, Caroline; Johnson, David (eds.),

7280:

Making Morocco: Colonial Intervention and the Politics of Identity

6776:

The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual

6655:

The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual

6595:"Myth, History, and Realpolitik: Morocco and its Jewish Community" 6071:

Madani, Tariq (1999). "Le réseau hydraulique de la ville de Fès".

896:

on the opposing river bank in 809 and moved his capital here from

15321: 14439: 14374: 14289: 13433: 13274:(Contains catalogue of monuments, pictures, and explanatory text) 13102:"Touria Chaoui, Morocco's first female pilot and daring teenager" 10811:الأعلام – ج 7 – محمد بن قاسم – نافع بن الحارثpublisher=IslamKotob 10533:"خزانة جامعة القرويين ترقمن مخطوطات نفيسة بخط ابن رشد وابن خلدون" 10037: 9956: 9775: 9548: 9086: 9022: 8299:"La corporation des tanneurs et l'industrie de la tannerie à Fès" 7959:"Reading Jewish Fez: On the Cultural Identity of a Moroccan City" 7821:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010" 7795:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020" 7484: 7071:

Les Cahiers d'EMAM (Études sur le Monde Arabe et la Méditerranée)

6990:

French Military Rule in Morocco: colonialism and its consequences

6557: 5591:(PhD thesis). University of Leeds. pp. 19–20. Archived from 5259: 4994: 4955: 4947: 4895: 4882: 4641: 4588: 4508: 4212: 3884: 3638: 3625: 3435:, built in the early to mid-18th century with the tomb of Sultan 2981:(Islamic shrines), such as the Zawiya of Moulay Idris II and the 2893:(Tamazight) are Morocco's two official state languages, although 1449:

occupied Fez. The time was particularly difficult for Fessi Jews.

1443: 1431: 1382: 1365:

fortress built in the 16th century overlooking Fez from the north

1259: 1170: 1076: 972: 901: 838: 753: 620: 616: 563: 512: 354: 248: 14748: 13159:

Geopolitiek: "geografisch geweten" van de buitenlandse politiek?

11475:"Fez Festival of Sufi Culture – Regional Council of Tourism Fez" 11249:"General Information about the Arabic Language Institute in Fez" 6805:

Jewish Morocco: a history from pre-Islamic to postcolonial times

2749:

population, but as of 2001, less than 200 Jewish people remain.

1193:

on the north side of Fes el-Bali, which were rebuilt during the

15310: 14434: 14419: 14369: 14324: 14314: 13277: 13235: 11421:"Festival of Amazigh Culture – Regional Council of Tourism Fez" 9636: 5263: 5114: 4981: 4968: 4771:

level, six years of primary school, followed by three years of

4740:

treatment plant has been treating Fez's wastewater since 2014.

4615:

The city is served by the region's main international airport,

4592: 4580: 4516: 4469: 4461: 4264: 4240: 4140: 3993: 3584: 3579: 3573: 3497: 3377: 3319: 2954: 2939: 2927: 1911: 1907: 1793: 1789: 1757: 1609: 1553: 1496: 1370: 1342: 1334: 1298:

had initially consisted of indigenous local Jews (known as the

1178: 1165: 1151:. In the same year of this conquest, Yusuf ibn Tashfin unified 1072: 1036: 968: 869: 721: 624: 582: 544: 369: 14234: 11946:"حديقة الطيور بفاس .. منتزه يوفر الراحة لزوار العاصمة العلمية" 11199:"Cervantes Institute in Fez – Regional Council of Tourism Fez" 11120:"Cultural Complex al Houria – Regional Council of Tourism Fez" 10828:

Beyond Timbuktu: An Intellectual History of Muslim West Africa

10755:

The Mellah Society: Jewish Community Life in Sherifian Morocco

10396:

African Kingdoms: An Encyclopedia of Empires and Civilizations

7518:"5 Die, 127 Hurt as Worst Riots in 7 Years Sweep Morocco City" 3767:, in the early 20th century. The lavish former mansion of the 2910: 1265: 15290: 14319: 13030: 11530:"Music Festival el Malhoun – Regional Council of Tourism Fez" 6917: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6909: 5033: 5020: 5012: 4929: 4903: 4877: 4681: 4637: 4600: 4526:

Fez is one of the cities expected to host matches during the

4473: 4024:, a book of prayers first written in Fes in the 15th century. 3989: 3299:(new city). Fes el-Bali is the oldest continuously inhabited 2966: 2962: 2742: 1899: 1676: 1523: 1505: 916: 877: 682:, Fes el-Bali and Fes Jdid, and the much larger modern urban 571: 540: 11594:"Fès: Ouverture du Moussem annuel de Moulay Idriss Al Azhar" 11569:"Moussem of Moulay Idriss – Regional Council of Tourism Fez" 11501:"Fes to Host 15th Annual Festival of Malhoun Art July 21–29" 8705:"Histoire urbaine de la ville de Fès et Pouvoirs politiques" 6098: 4630:, is located a short distance from the downtown area of the 2985:, which attract both Moroccan and international (especially 1083:

in 979 and a brief period of Fatimid control, the forces of

853:

on the southeast bank of the Jawhar River (now known as the

14429: 11627:"Fez To Host Its First-Ever Long-Distance Running Festival" 11174:"French Institute of Fez – Regional Council of Tourism Fez" 9565: 8545: 6303: 5025: 4693: 4627: 4604: 4201: 4045: 3303:

in the Arab world, and one of the largest and oldest urban

2958: 2857: 2746: 1173:") was built at the western edge of the city (just west of 1120: 523:, with a population of 1.11 million, according to the 2014 480: 10690:"Hebraic Collections: The Books of the People of the Book" 10205:

Terrasse, Henri (1950). "Trois Bains Mérinides du Maroc".

8852: 7622:"Facelift helps Morocco's Old City of Fez lure tourists |" 6906: 6845:"Fès-Jdid de sa fondation en 1276 au milieu du XXe siècle" 4734: Water and Electricity Distribution Authority of Fez 2838: 1245:

In 1250, Fez regained its status as the capital under the

14349: 11557:(12th ed.). Rough Guides. 2019. pp. 43–44, 186. 11091:"Le Matin – Le complexe Al Houria ouvre enfin ses portes" 11066:"Museums and Galleries – Regional Council of Tourism Fez" 10031: 8366:

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

6592: 4662:

also operates a terminal off Boulevard Mohammed V in the

4247:(d. 1861) developed his unique calligraphic style in Fes. 1679:

in 1912–1913, which has remained the capital ever since.

1491:

After Rashid's death, Fez underwent another dark period.

845:, which commemorates Idris II, one of the founders of Fez 11446:"Spotlight on: Festival of Sufi Culture in Fez, Morocco" 10490:أبو عبد الله محمد بن سليمان الجزولي (توفي 1465) (1885). 9981:"Fès: Les fondouks de la médina restaurés et labellisés" 7777:"Voodoo Skies – Fes Monthly Temperature weather history" 7116:

French Modern: Norms and Forms of the Social Environment

7012: 6773:

Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2004). "The Sa'did Sharifs".

5213:– first female Moroccan aviator to get a pilot's license 4459:

s. The Festival of Malhoun Art features performances of

4109:

printed in Fez in 1516, the first book printed in Africa

3798: 3775:, is partly open to visitors but still privately owned. 3360:

Interior of the Zawiya of Moulay Idris II in Fes el-Bali

3246:

The subdivisions of Fez Prefecture are grouped into two

1898:

The new city occupies a plateau on the edge of the Saïs

1341:, another Zenata dynasty which had previously served as 12835:

José Martínez Delgado, 'Dunash ben Labraṭ ha-Levi', in

12749:

Islamic Intellectual History in the Seventeenth Century

9826: 9423:"Oldest higher-learning institution, oldest university" 7376: 7374: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6086: 5621:

Fage, J. D.; Clark, Desmond J.; Oliver, Roland (1975).

5530:

Dumper, Michael R. T.; Stanley, Bruce E., eds. (2007).

4165:

on the African continent was printed in Fez. A copy of

2875:

Many of these features were shared with the other "pre-

12650:

Abdellatif Laâbi, Victor W. Reinking, Anne O. George,

12302:"Daoudi autorise une première université privée à Fès" 12163:

Al Karaouin of Fez: The Oldest University in the World

10209:. Paris: Éditions G.-P. Maisonneuve. pp. 311–320. 9973: 8223:"Printing as an Agent of Change in Morocco, 1864–1912" 7722:(12th ed.). Rough Guides. 2019. pp. 158–181. 6842: 6599:

Sites of Jewish Memory: Jews in and From Islamic Lands

6553: 6551: 6549: 6547: 3844:

which is contemporary with the Funduq al-Najjariyyin.

3380:

in the medina, some of which are part of a madrasa or

1890:(Fez River) just above its confluence with the larger 1115:(bathhouses), mosques, and the first bridges over the 1018:, it fell into decline again in the late 9th century. 833: 539:) flowing from west to east. Fez has been called the " 15293:, Modern Capital and Historic City: a Shared Heritage 11679: 10926:(in French). Garnet Publishing Limited. p. 174. 10445:

With Mulai Hafid at Fez: Behind the Scenes in Morocco

9805:"Accommodation in Morocco | Where to stay in Morocco" 9571: 9057:(in French). Paris: Les Éditions d'art et d'histoire. 8796:"Fez celebrates Morocco's women through sacred music" 8734:"Ambiance électorale à Fès: Sur un air de changement" 7714: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7706: 7704: 6921: 6496: 6494: 5061:– Former international goalkeeper who was born in Fez 4424:, offer courses in English and Arabic, respectively. 3717:

to the west of the Zawiya of Moulay Idris II and the

2806: 1683:

as sites of historic heritage, still known today as "

483: 477: 13199:. Translated by Besse Clement. Oklahoma University. 13055: 13024: 12947: 12359: 10785:

Textual Transmission in Contemporary Jewish Cultures

10561: 10559: 10557: 10234:

Fès, la fabrication d'une ville nouvelle (1912–1956)

8125:"The story of old urban vernaculars in North Africa" 7371: 7212:

Fès, la fabrication d'une ville nouvelle (1912–1956)

6083: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5666:. 2007. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 3 Mar. 2007 3633:

The entire medina of Fez was heavily fortified with

1138: 506: 15269: 13029:[Real legends: López Ufarte] (in Spanish). 12665:"Abdessalam Benjelloun – Player Profile – Football" 11547: 9124:

Fès mérinide: Une capitale pour les arts, 1276–1465

8336:

Africa EENI Global Business School & University

8216: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8206: 7823:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 7797:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 6838: 6836: 6834: 6832: 6652:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2004). "The Waṭṭāsids". 6544: 6459:

Le Maroc andalou: à la découverte d'un art de vivre

6369:

Roudh el-Kartas: Histoire des souverains du Maghreb

6329: 6327: 6050: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6036: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5324:) next to them and left the historic cities intact. 4726:

Régie de distribution d'eau et d'électricité de Fès

4636:and is connected to the rail lines running east to 4402: 3965:styles. On the south side of Place Florence is the 3512:in Fes el-Bali by Sultan Abu Yusuf in 1271. Sultan 1055:In the 10th century, the city was contested by the 783:. During this period the capital city was known as 696:and is one of the world's largest and oldest urban 12587: 12126:United States Agency for International Development 11308:"Spotlight on: Fes Festival of World Sacred Music" 7771: 7769: 7701: 6629:Maroc médiéval: Un empire de l'Afrique à l'Espagne 6593:Ben-Layashi, Samir; Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce (2018). 6560:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 6491: 6390:Maroc médiéval: Un empire de l'Afrique à l'Espagne 6008: 6006: 6004: 6002: 5899: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5492: 5490: 5225:– French geographer and geopolitician, born in Fez 5167:– Moroccan professional racing driver, born in Fez 5055:– Sultan of Morocco from 1909 to 1912, born in Fez 3732: 1948:), altitude: 579 m (1,900 ft) 1991–2020 1318:) in subsequent generations, especially after the 639:also founded the royal administrative district of 13056:García-Arenal, Mercedes; Wiegers, Gerard (2003). 12696:. Ligue de Football Professionnel. Archived from 10858:. Hofstra Museum, Hofstra University. p. 65. 10640:A History of Jewish Philosophy in the Middle Ages 10554: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10220: 10218: 10216: 10133:"The Architecture of the Hammams of Fez, Morocco" 9915:A practical guide to Islamic Monuments in Morocco 8643:"RNI's Abdeslam Bekkali Becomes New Mayor of Fez" 8604:"Abdeslam Bekkali (RNI) élu nouveau maire de Fès" 8290: 8229:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 44–64, 7229:. Northwestern University Press. pp. 77–111. 6986:"Pre-Colonial Morocco: Demise of the Old Mazhkan" 6798: 6796: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6148: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5804: 4157:), who were all born in Fez or spent time there. 3803:The old city of Fez includes more than a hundred 3728:Gates of the 'Alawi Royal Palace (Dar al-Makhzen) 1103:, flared up during periods of political rivalry. 15381: 13155: 12501:"العلاقات التي تربط مدينة أريحا بالمدن الأجنبية" 10945: 10943: 10801: 10126: 10124: 10122: 9517: 8203: 8153:"Languages in Morocco, Miscellaneous in Morocco" 7844: 7842: 7402: 7400: 7333: 7331: 7329: 7327: 6829: 6728: 6726: 6672: 6586: 6324: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6033: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5863:Histoire du Maroc: de Moulay Idrîs à Mohammed VI 5829:(in French). Paris: ACR Édition Internationale. 5802: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5669: 4340:, those who have studied it reject this naming: 2829:level, these include the stereotypical use of a 1895:Qarawiyyin quarter from the Andalusian quarter. 1253:. Following the revolt, Abu Yusuf Yaqub founded 1163:was constructed that encompassed both cities. A 1071:(Tunisia), who ruled the city through a host of 588:united the two settlements into what is today's 15420:Populated places established in the 8th century 13149: 13081:2014 African Championships in Athletics Results 10747: 10745: 10425:Johnston, Keith; Keane, Augustus Henry (1880). 10092: 10090: 10088: 10086: 10084: 9908: 9906: 9385: 9140: 9044: 8296: 7998: 7996: 7994: 7992: 7766: 7643: 7272: 7270: 7268: 7266: 6710: 6708: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6480: 6478: 6428: 6426: 5999: 5886: 5620: 5487: 5173:– Leading figure in the Amazigh (also known as 5085:– Moroccan association football player from Fez 4849:List of twin towns and sister cities in Morocco 4658:, on the outskirts of the old medina, although 2864:level, gender distinction in pronouns and verb 13406:École nationale des sciences appliquées de Fès 12953: 12180: 12178: 10298: 10296: 10294: 10213: 10198: 10130: 9893:Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers 9526:A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period 9061: 8448: 8446: 8444: 8332:"Business in Fez, Othman Benjelloun (Morocco)" 7440: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7205: 7203: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7006: 6878: 6843:Bressolette, Henri; Delaroziere, Jean (1983). 6793: 6173: 6127: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6016:A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period 5907:A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period 5609:A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period 5418:"Medina of Fez – UNESCO World Heritage Centre" 5189:– Scientist, engineer and inventor born in Fez 5143:– Physician, poet, and grammarian, born in Fez 3568:(a shrine and religious complex; also spelled 911:Arab immigration to Fez increased afterwards. 900:. The early population was composed mostly of 828: 15255: 14471: 14176: 14075:For the "Mechouars" of the Royal Palace, see 13293: 13214:Vigo, Julian (2006). "The Renovation of Fes' 13090:. Marrakech2014. Retrieved on 19 August 2016. 12620: 10940: 10851: 10469:A dictionary of geography, ancient and modern 10424: 10119: 10052: 10002: 9929:"Jnane Sbile or Bab Bou Jeloud garden in Fez" 9880: 9743: 8100:Jewish and Muslim Dialects of Moroccan Arabic 8093: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8085: 7839: 7726: 7397: 7324: 7248: 6723: 6500: 6452: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6383: 6381: 6280:Medieval Jewish Civilization: An Encyclopedia 6214: 5924: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5781: 5529: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5201:– Merchant, diplomat, and pirate, born in Fez 5137:– Moroccan politician and former mayor of Fez 5107:– Former international footballer born in Fez 5079:– Former international footballer born in Fez 3473:, and it was most recently restored in 2005. 1780:classes moved to the growing metropolises of 1389:took Fez and ousted the last Wattasid sultan 13761:Nejjarine Museum of Wooden Arts & Crafts 13025:Vázquez de Balmaseda, Ignacio (5 May 2016). 12799:International Journal of Middle East Studies 11899:[Fez: the city lacks green spaces]. 11897:"Fès : la ville manque d'espaces verts" 10922:Erzini, Nadia (1992). "L'École de Tétouan". 10783:. In Bar-Levav, Avriel; Rebhun, Uzi (eds.). 10742: 10081: 9903: 8885:. Oxford Business Group. 2009. p. 253. 8471: 8469: 8467: 7989: 7573:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World 7263: 7119:. University of Chicago Press. p. 296. 6705: 6631:. Paris: Louvre éditions. pp. 309–311. 6615: 6475: 6423: 6392:. Paris: Louvre éditions. pp. 452–454. 5658: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5644: 4823: 4724: 4698: 4675: 4664: 4649: 4631: 4386: 4345: 4269: 4172: 3937:(originally called Place Gambetta), a large 3607:in the Bab Ftouh Cemetery. The ruins of the 3492:The al-Qarawiyyin was established in 857 by 3444: 3239:), one of four such municipalities (French: 3038: 3025: 3008: 3002: 2926:of Fes el-Bali today, was a major source of 2785: 1828: 1811: 1797: 1736: 1725: 1694: 1127:was controlled by an emir named Al-Gisa and 1031:, a book about the history of Fes under the 904:, along with hundreds of Arab warriors from 744: 734: 725: 683: 46: 13218:and the (re)-Creation of the Traditional". 13194: 13128:"Morocco's En-Nesyri makes La Liga history" 12874: 12752:. Cambridge University Press. p. 248. 12745: 12244:"UEMF – Tout sur Université Euromed de Fès" 12175: 10643:. Cambridge University Press. p. 207. 10565: 10517:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 10291: 9603: 9400: 9311:"L'Église St François d'Assise, Fes, Maroc" 8763: 8601: 8574:"Fès: Bekkali prend les rênes de la mairie" 8441: 7813: 7546:Bidwell, Robin (1998). "Fez Riots (1990)". 7429: 7200: 7181: 7144: 7133: 6750:Marrakech: Splendeurs saadiennes: 1550–1650 6741: 6678: 6333: 6059: 5770: 5627:. Cambridge University Press. p. 526. 5581: 5496: 4730: 771:(788 to 974), Fez consisted of two cities: 644: 593: 15262: 15248: 14478: 14464: 14183: 14169: 14055:Place Bou Jeloud (Place Pacha el-Baghdadi) 13300: 13286: 12478:(in Spanish). Diario Córdoba. 2020-02-10. 11920: 10845: 10758:. University of Chicago Press. p. 9. 10724:. In Eliot, Simon; Rose, Jonathan (eds.). 9859:"Palais Glaoui | Fez, Morocco Attractions" 9396:. Paris: Les Éditions d'art et d'histoire. 8220: 8082: 7900: 7239: 7224: 6983: 6441: 6378: 5843: 5435: 5183:– Princess consort of Morocco, born in Fez 4842: 4465:music and poetry from across the country. 2757:The main spoken language in Fez is Arabic 1659:was instituted over Morocco following the 1237:, the most important madrasa built by the 27:"Fes" redirects here. For other uses, see 12837:Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World 11943: 11624: 10448:. Smith, elder & Company. p. 139 10174:Bulletin de l'Institut d'Hygiène du Maroc 9528:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 9523: 9308: 9146: 8702: 8464: 8269:"What language is spoken in Fez Morocco?" 7940:, Central Intelligence Agency, 2023-11-14 7078: 6802: 6019:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6012: 5903: 5641: 4704:(for southern destinations like Sefrou). 4332:style utilizes the Moroccan forms of the 4103:Table of calculations from a copy of the 2922:industry, for example, still embodied by 1866:The city is divided between its historic 1025:A page from a 16th-century manuscript of 708:from the 11th century, one of the oldest 15212: 15168: 15124: 15010: 14806: 13527:Al-Anouar Mosque (Mosque of the Sheikhs) 13126:Okeleji, Oluwashina (10 February 2019). 12842: 12774:"Akram Roumani Biography and Statistics" 12115: 11498: 10787:. Oxford University Press. p. 167. 10537:Hespress – هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية 10204: 10131:Raftani, Kamal; Radoine, Hassan (2008). 9917:. Charlottesville, VA: The Baraka Press. 9391: 9067: 9050: 8640: 8482:. Éditions Karthala. pp. 425, 431. 8475: 8359: 8045: 7956: 7787: 6926:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 6772: 6732: 6651: 6205:The Almoravids and the Meanings of Jihad 6186: 6133: 5935: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5376: 4747: 4440:in 2012 (Bab Dekkakin in the background) 4431: 4234: 4217: 4098: 4009: 3912: 3851: 3723: 3689: 3624: 3547: 3480: 3363: 3355: 2914:Produce peddler in the Old Medina of Fes 2909: 2728: 1853: 1788:or emigrating to countries like France, 1771: 1711: 1642: 1596:, the brief civil war that erupted when 1552: 1451: 1381:came close to Fez after its conquest of 1353: 1264: 1228: 1184: 1020: 993: 971:Berbers who had previously converted to 832: 13843:Funduq al-Najjarin (Foundouk Nejjarine) 13220:Writing the City, Transforming the City 13125: 12999: 10924:Zillīǧ: L'Art de la Céramique Marocaine 10719: 10566:Sanseverino, Ruggero Vimercati (2014). 9749: 9572:Vimercati Sanseverino, Ruggero (2014). 9469: 9228:(in French). 2021-04-21. Archived from 8859:. World Bank Publications. p. 91. 8825: 8793: 8122: 8002: 7732: 7545: 7352: 7337: 7276: 7254: 7112: 7064: 7039: 6962:(in Arabic). 2017-06-12. Archived from 6714: 6626: 6529: 6432: 6231: 5824: 5464:Fès: Joyau de la civilisation islamique 3867:Fez has preserved many of its historic 3847: 3543: 14: 15382: 13018: 12776:. Sports-Reference.com. Archived from 12654:, Foreword by Ammiel Accalay, pp. x–xi 12331:"Fès se dote d'une école d'ingénieurs" 11620: 11618: 10921: 10917: 10915: 10868: 10807: 10751: 10465: 10441: 10230: 10164: 10096: 9912: 9718:Why You Need to Visit Fez in 20 Photos 9452: 9450: 9448: 9121: 7963:Journal of the International Institute 7408:"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University" 7209: 7187: 6747: 6070: 5950: 5460: 5219:– International footballer born in Fez 4648:. The main intercity bus terminal (or 4448:, which started in 1994 and showcases 1705:by Moroccans, as the former palace of 692:era. The Medina of Fez is listed as a 15243: 14459: 14164: 14124:Mosara Garden (Marinid Royal Gardens) 13863:Funduq Shamma'in (Foundouk Chemmaïne) 13532:Ain al-Kheil Mosque (Al-Azhar Mosque) 13281: 13099: 13037:from the original on 29 December 2016 12172:, Morocco World News, 2 October 2012. 10778: 10633: 10389: 10302: 9609: 9406: 9168:Discover Islamic Art – Virtual Museum 8297:Le Tourneau, Roger; Paye, L. (1935). 8097: 6387: 6255: 6253: 6236:. Paris: ACR Édition Internationale. 5860: 5611:, Jamil M. Abun-Nasr, 1987, pp. 51–52 5556: 5373: 5125:– Professional footballer born in Fez 4545:, Morocco's top basketball division. 4080:Muhammad Bin Abdul-Kabir Al-Kattani's 3799:Funduqs (historic merchant buildings) 3629:City walls of Fez (northern section). 2797:has traditionally been regarded as a 1349: 927:after a rebellion in 817–818 against 849:The city was first founded in 789 as 609: 120: 15415:8th-century establishments in Africa 14487:Prefectures and provinces of Morocco 13401:Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University 13213: 12958:. University of Texas Press, Austin. 11276: 10875:The Journal of North African Studies 10824: 10726:Companion to the History of the Book 10099:Lessons from vernacular Architecture 10046: 9458:Morocco: From Empire to Independence 9278: 9099: 8048:The Journal of North African Studies 7570: 7386:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, 7306:The Journal of North African Studies 7303: 7042:Morocco: From Empire to Independence 6437:. Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques. 6276: 6101:The Journal of North African Studies 5398:from the original on 7 November 2017 5093:Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University 4798:Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University 4763:in Fez is administered by Morocco's 4088:(الطاعون The Plague), and his uncle 3795:(originally attached to Dar Batha). 3351: 2807: 1808:Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University 1724:The creation of the separate French 1663:. One immediate consequence was the 1468:It was only when the founder of the 1385:. In January 1549, the Saadi sultan 1324:1496 expulsion of Jews from Portugal 13222:. New Delhi: Katha. pp. 44–58. 13027:"Leyendas de la Real: López Ufarte" 12652:The world's embrace: selected poems 12580: 11921:Al-Zaghari, Muhammad (2015-08-08). 11731:"Stadiums: Complexe sportif de Fès" 11615: 10912: 10862: 10603: 10010:"Qantara – The al-Shammā'īn Funduq" 9886: 9630: 9460:; Oneworld Publications. pp. 66–67. 9445: 9433:from the original on 7 October 2014 9364:"Église de Saint François d'Assise" 9161: 8994:"Qantara – The al-Qarawīyīn Mosque" 8426:(in French). Region of Fès-Meknès. 7801:from the original on 5 October 2023 6535: 6435:L'architecture musulmane d'Occident 5149:– Modernist artist, studied at the 4396: 4355: 4314: 4173: 3198:20.5 km (7.9 sq mi) 3176:20.5 km (7.9 sq mi) 3154:16.3 km (6.3 sq mi) 3132:2.2 km (0.85 sq mi) 3108:13.5 km (5.2 sq mi) 3086:21.0 km (8.1 sq mi) 3039: 3026: 3003: 2786: 2766: 2745:. In the past the city had a large 1614:Muhammad Bin Abdul-Kabir Al-Kattani 799:. It is not known whether the name 745: 735: 726: 496: 47: 24: 13715:Zawiya of Sidi Abdelkader al-Fassi 13187: 13060:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 12083: 11812:"MAR – Hope in Morocco basketball" 11360: 8670: 7856:from the original on March 2, 2017 6737:. Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck. 6250: 5877:The Places Where Men Pray Together 5352: 5246:, just inside the city walls near 5207:– Steeplechase runner, born in Fez 5195:– Professional footballer from Fez 5131:– Commentator and poet born in Fez 5073:– Professional marathoner from Fez 4825:École polytechnique de Technologie 3589:Zawiya of Sidi Abdelkader al-Fassi 2776:'Moroccan vernacular'), a 1638: 908:who made up Idris II's entourage. 700:(car-free areas). It contains the 527:. Located to the northwest of the 25: 15436: 14150:Category:People from Fez, Morocco 13228: 11625:Echabouch, Elmahdi (2022-03-20). 8764:Benabdellah, Yahya (2021-09-17). 8602:Benabdellah, Yahya (2021-09-20). 7827:from the original on 9 April 2022 7779:. October 6, 2015. Archived from 7548:Dictionary Of Modern Arab History 7242:Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco 7013:H. Z. (J. W.) Hirschberg (1981). 5602: 5046: 4548: 3906: 3856:Rooftop view of the domes of the 3701:Since the city's foundation, the 3614: 3488:built in 1323–1325 in Fes el-Bali 3427:was also founded in the reign of 3423:from around the same period. The 2883:similar to the rest of the city. 1806:, while a new public university, 1592:Fez played a central role in the 1418:from the throne. This led to the 1412:captured Fez with Ottoman support 1320:1492 expulsion of Jews from Spain 1139:Almoravids, Almohads and Marinids 663:is still located today, to which 314:320 km (120 sq mi) 15320: 14273: 14192: 13307: 13257: 13246: 13234: 13119: 13100:Babas, Latifa (August 3, 2018). 13093: 13074: 13049: 12993: 12962: 12918: 12900: 12896:from the original on 2023-09-05. 12868: 12850:"السيرة الذاتية للسيد حميد شباط" 12829: 12804: 12791: 12766: 12739: 12712: 12686: 12657: 12644: 12614: 12551: 12522: 12493: 12464: 12435: 12406: 12377: 12352: 12323: 12294: 12265: 12236: 12207: 12155: 12133: 12109: 12077: 12048: 12027:"Transportation in Fez, Morocco" 12019: 11994: 11965: 11944:Al-Kuirti, Rachid (2016-08-06). 11937: 11914: 11889: 11862: 11833: 11804: 11778: 11752: 11723: 11694: 11664: 11639: 11586: 11561: 11522: 11492: 11467: 11438: 11413: 11384: 11354: 11329: 11300: 11270: 11253:Arabic Language Institute in Fez 11241: 11216: 11191: 11166: 11137: 11112: 11083: 11058: 11029: 10997: 10972: 10818: 10772: 10728:. Wiley Blackwell. p. 350. 10713: 10682: 10657: 10627: 10597: 10572:. Rabat: Centre Jacques-Berque. 10525: 10483: 10459: 10435: 10418: 10383: 10354: 10325: 10262: 10158: 10055:Architectural Research Quarterly 9950: 9921: 9899:from the original on 2021-01-20. 9851: 9797: 9768: 9734: 9711: 9688: 9663: 9578:. Rabat: Centre Jacques-Berque. 9542: 9501: 9463: 9415: 9356: 9327: 9323:from the original on 2019-12-07. 9302: 9272: 9243: 9214: 9185: 9155: 9115: 9080: 9015: 8986: 8957: 8928: 8899: 8873: 8846: 8819: 8787: 8757: 8726: 8696: 8664: 8634: 8595: 8566: 8531: 8502: 8416: 8387: 8353: 8324: 8261: 8174: 7901:El Masaiti, Amira (2017-12-19). 6885:Annual Review of Islam in Africa 5327: 5311: 5177:) cultural movement, born in Fez 5032: 5019: 5006: 4993: 4980: 4967: 4954: 4941: 4928: 4915: 4902: 4889: 4876: 4863: 4403:Cultural venues and institutions 4268:(traditional mosaic tilework) . 4245:Muhammad Bin Al-Qāsim al-Qundūsi 4090:Muhammad ibn Jaqfar al-Kattani's 4054:a Sufi order founded in 1581 by 3587:saints or scholars, such as the 3335: 3276: 1928:hot-summer Mediterranean climate 963:. The city also had a prominent 923:descent, who were expelled from 807:was used for the combined site. 517:Fez-Meknes administrative region 473: 241: 174: 167: 141: 134: 93: 82: 71: 15400:Prefectural capitals in Morocco 15390:World Heritage Sites in Morocco 15271:World Heritage Sites in Morocco 13775:Palaces & historic mansions 13735:Zawiya of Sidi Taoudi Ben Souda 13197:Fez in the Age of the Marinides 13138:from the original on 2022-06-05 13000:Chechik, Sonya (12 June 2019). 12982:from the original on 2022-06-05 12936:from the original on 2017-12-16 12856:from the original on 2018-01-22 12818:from the original on 2012-04-29 12675:from the original on 2023-08-06 12633:from the original on 2022-01-09 12569:from the original on 2019-05-27 12540:from the original on 2021-01-28 12511:from the original on 2020-12-06 12482:from the original on 2020-10-21 12453:from the original on 2020-10-24 12424:from the original on 2020-12-05 12395:from the original on 2020-11-16 12366:from the original on 2019-03-16 12341:from the original on 2018-10-05 12312:from the original on 2018-10-05 12283:from the original on 2020-08-21 12254:from the original on 2021-01-16 12225:from the original on 2020-09-22 12196:from the original on 2020-09-22 12186:"Présentation institutionnelle" 12098:from the original on 2023-05-11 12091:International Water Association 12066:from the original on 2021-09-03 12037:from the original on 2020-12-14 11983:from the original on 2020-10-01 11851:from the original on 2021-05-26 11822:from the original on 2021-09-15 11741:from the original on 2021-09-15 11712:from the original on 2021-11-01 11604:from the original on 2021-10-21 11575:from the original on 2021-10-21 11536:from the original on 2020-02-03 11511:from the original on 2021-10-21 11481:from the original on 2021-09-27 11456:from the original on 2021-10-21 11427:from the original on 2021-10-21 11402:from the original on 2021-10-21 11373:from the original on 2021-10-21 11343:from the original on 2021-10-21 11318:from the original on 2021-10-21 11289:from the original on 2021-11-01 11230:from the original on 2021-10-21 11205:from the original on 2021-10-24 11180:from the original on 2021-10-21 11126:from the original on 2021-10-23 11101:from the original on 2021-10-21 11072:from the original on 2021-10-21 11047:from the original on 2022-04-09 10961:from the original on 2021-07-22 10901:from the original on 2022-10-01 10616:from the original on 2021-03-23 10586:from the original on 2020-08-17 10543:from the original on 2021-11-03 10500:from the original on 2017-05-13 10372:from the original on 2021-10-20 10343:from the original on 2021-10-20 10280:from the original on 2021-10-20 10251:from the original on 2021-10-21 10187:from the original on 2021-08-30 10147:from the original on 2020-09-16 10020:from the original on 2021-01-23 9991:from the original on 2021-01-17 9939:from the original on 2021-01-11 9869:from the original on 2017-09-07 9840:from the original on 2021-04-11 9815:from the original on 2021-10-06 9786:from the original on 2021-01-11 9592:from the original on 2020-08-17 9490:from the original on 2019-04-29 9374:from the original on 2020-08-11 9345:from the original on 2020-07-11 9291:from the original on 2019-04-02 9261:from the original on 2021-09-02 9203:from the original on 2021-02-27 9174:from the original on 2021-10-19 9033:from the original on 2021-01-11 9004:from the original on 2021-09-30 8975:from the original on 2023-02-17 8946:from the original on 2021-10-20 8917:from the original on 2021-10-20 8808:from the original on 2023-08-06 8776:from the original on 2021-10-17 8746:from the original on 2021-10-17 8653:from the original on 2021-10-16 8623:from the original on 2021-10-16 8584:from the original on 2021-10-16 8555:from the original on 2021-10-16 8520:from the original on 2021-10-16 8430:from the original on 2021-10-16 8405:from the original on 2020-10-30 8376:from the original on 2020-07-23 8342:from the original on 2020-09-30 8313:from the original on 2020-09-16 8251:from the original on 2023-08-06 8192:from the original on 2021-09-21 8163:from the original on 2021-09-20 8145: 8127:. In Mc Laughlin, Fiona (ed.). 8116: 8039: 7950: 7926: 7915:from the original on 2023-11-07 7894: 7868: 7741: 7690:from the original on 2020-06-27 7672: 7661:from the original on 2020-09-16 7632:from the original on 2021-01-13 7614: 7603:from the original on 2021-02-27 7589: 7571:Hiel, Elizabeth (2009). "Fez". 7564: 7539: 7528:from the original on 2021-02-14 7510: 7499:from the original on 2021-02-14 7467: 7456:from the original on 2020-04-23 7418:from the original on 2020-10-17 7346: 7297: 7259:. Flammarion. pp. 192–194. 7233: 7218: 7106: 7095:from the original on 2021-10-28 7058: 7033: 6977: 6948: 6895:from the original on 2021-09-03 6879:Brigaglia, Andrea (2013–2014). 6872: 6861:from the original on 2021-09-29 6766: 6645: 6406: 6361: 6350:from the original on 2018-11-02 6297: 6270: 6197: 6162:from the original on 2021-02-27 5977: 5967:from the original on 2023-05-28 5944: 5869: 5624:The Cambridge History of Africa 5614: 5424:from the original on 2017-09-19 5294: 5277: 5270:) military architecture in the 5236: 5181:Princess Lalla Salma of Morocco 4688:(for eastern destinations like 4371:, which is purely vocal, while 4222:A painting of the 17th century 4035: 3733:Historic palaces and residences 3597:Zawiya of Sidi Taoudi Ben Souda 3053: 2724: 1906:. Further south is the town of 1272:photographed in the 1900s. The 1092:the arrival of the Almoravids. 975:, as well as a small remaining 821:For a chronological guide, see 511:) is a city in northern inland 110:Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque/University 13725:Zawiya of Sidi Ahmed esh-Shawi 13720:Zawiya of Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani 12954:Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce (2011). 12116:Benoliel, Sharon (June 2003). 11339:(in French) (26ème ed.). 9470:Shaheen, Kareem (2016-09-19). 8703:Es-Sallak, Nada (2021-06-14). 8641:Kasraoui, Safaa (2021-09-20). 8476:Signoles, Pierre, ed. (2014). 7065:Théliol, Mylène (2014-01-30). 6956:"الكتاني، ثمن البيعة المشروطة" 6922:Miller, Susan Gilson. (2013). 6779:. Edinburgh University Press. 6658:. Edinburgh University Press. 6310:. Cambridge University Press. 5910:. Cambridge University Press. 5575: 5550: 5523: 5410: 5161:– Moroccan painter born in Fez 4765:Ministry of National Education 3811:s (traditional inns, or urban 3660:French colonial administration 3593:Zawiya of Sidi Ahmed esh-Shawi 3558:Zawiya of Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani 3212:12,413/km (32,150/sq mi) 3190:10,114/km (26,200/sq mi) 3168:12,330/km (31,940/sq mi) 3146:32,100/km (83,100/sq mi) 3122:15,520/km (40,190/sq mi) 2983:Zawiya of Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani 615:Fez reached its zenith in the 521:second largest city in Morocco 155:Location of Fez within Morocco 13: 1: 13262:The dictionary definition of 12912:Benezit Dictionary of Artists 12621:Strack-Zimmermann, Benjamin. 11037:"طرب الآلة.. ذلك الفن الباذخ" 10887:10.1080/13629387.2018.1483877 10493:دلائل الخيرات (دلایل الخیرات) 10394:. In Aderinto, Saheed (ed.). 9970:. Retrieved January 22, 2018. 9731:. Retrieved January 22, 2018. 9708:. Retrieved January 22, 2018. 9685:. Retrieved January 22, 2018. 9660:. Retrieved January 11, 2018. 9562:. Retrieved January 22, 2018. 9514:. Retrieved January 23, 2018. 9394:La mosquée des Andalous à Fès 9112:. Retrieved January 23, 2018. 9096:. Retrieved January 22, 2018. 9054:La mosquée des Andalous à Fès 8129:The Languages of Urban Africa 8060:10.1080/13629387.2016.1212706 7850:"Fes, Morocco – Climate data" 7244:. Princeton University Press. 6681:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three 6597:. In Abramson, Glenda (ed.). 6113:10.1080/13629387.2017.1371596 5340: 4515:(WAF). They both play in the 4344:intentionally chose the name 4151: 4133: 4122: 3999: 3977:Tribunal de première instance 3552:Interior of the mausoleum of 3346:Panoramic view of Fes el-Bali 3100:6,781/km (17,560/sq mi) 2992: 2868:is neutralized in the second 1932:Köppen climate classification 1870:(the two walled districts of 1810:, was founded in 1975 in the 1709:was located in the same area. 1123:that fought with each other: 678:The city consists of two old 661:Royal Palace (Dar al-Makhzen) 635:. In 1276 the Marinid sultan 633:Moroccan architectural styles 554:during the 8th–9th centuries 15405:Regional capitals in Morocco 13730:Zawiya of Sidi Ali Boughaleb 13254:travel guide from Wikivoyage 13195:Le Tourneau, Roger (1974) . 13162:. Garant. pp. 544–546. 12814:(in French). Affaire Maroc. 12812:"Anas Zniti, MAS goalkeeper" 12746:El-Rouayheb, Khaled (2015). 12472:"Las 12 hermanas de Córdoba" 12391:. Fes City. 8 January 2019. 11702:"Wydad Athletic Club de Fès" 11097:(in French). 21 April 2005. 10982:. 2021-10-08. Archived from 10831:. Harvard University Press. 10698:. 2019-04-20. Archived from 10667:. 2019-12-15. Archived from 10311:. Springer. pp. 79–92. 9613:Saints et sanctuaires de Fés 8969:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 8794:Salameh, Ramy (2016-05-27). 7450:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 7412:Times Higher Education (THE) 7283:. Cornell University Press. 6140:. Paris: J. André. pp. 5904:Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. (1987). 5394:. 20 March 2015. p. 8. 5392:High Commission for Planning 5345: 4743: 4718: 4610: 4599:. There are also ponds with 4427: 4190:Muhammad at-Tayyib ar-Rudani 3685: 3376:There are numerous historic 3265: 3254:. North Fez consists of the 1844: 1823:and the period known as the 1519:Moulay Muhammad ibn Abdallah 892:, built a settlement called 837:View of Fes el-Bali and the 715: 7: 15300:(formerly known as Titawin) 14043:Streets, souqs, and squares 14001:Bab Dekkakin (Bab es-Sebaa) 13930:Fortresses & city walls 13583:Great Mosque of Fes el-Jdid 13485:World Sacred Music Festival 13444:Maghreb de Fes (basketball) 13396:University of al-Qarawiyyin 11929:(in Arabic). Archived from 11151:(in French). Archived from 10720:le Roux, Elizabeth (2019). 9549:Sidi Ahmed al-Tijani Zawiya 9407:Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020). 7575:. Oxford University Press. 6924:A history of modern Morocco 6486:Islam: Art and Architecture 6277:Roth, Norman (2014-04-08). 5771:Le Tourneau, Roger (1949). 5101:– Prominent Islamic scholar 4817:Union for the Mediterranean 4784:University of al-Qarawiyyin 4752:University of al-Qarawiyyin 4654:) is located just north of 4446:World Sacred Music Festival 4438:World Sacred Music Festival 4295:Fes is associated with the 4146:(d. 1103), and the scholar 4056:Abu l-Mahasin Yusuf al-Fasi 3476: 3409:Great Mosque of Fez el-Jdid 3050:of the municipality of Fez 2752: 2421:Average precipitation days 2207:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2067:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1849: 1651:, Sultan of Morocco in 1912 1569:, dating from the same time 1517:Starting with the reign of 1333:overthrew the last Marinid 1304:) but these were joined by 876:who was forced to flee the 829:Foundation and the Idrisids 702:University of al-Qarawiyyin 507: 175: 142: 36:City in Fez-Meknes, Morocco 10: 15441: 15425:Former capitals of Morocco 12623:"Abdelilah Bagui (Player)" 12449:(in Portuguese). Coimbra. 12414:"Profile of Sister Cities" 11555:The Rough Guide to Morocco 11396:www.festivalamazighfes.com 10431:. E. Stanford. p. 33. 10231:Jelidi, Charlotte (2012). 8711:(1): 25–40. Archived from 7737:. Flammarion. p. 123. 7720:The Rough Guide to Morocco 7550:. Routledge. p. 146. 7277:Wyrtzen, Jonathan (2016). 7240:Abu-Lughod, Janet (1980). 7210:Jelidi, Charlotte (2012). 6984:Gershovich, Moshe (2000). 6334:O'Meara, Simon M. (2004). 5582:O'Meara, Simon M. (2004). 5067:– Poet born in 1942 in Fez 4846: 4806:Euro-Med University of Fez 4696:), and another lot in the 4532:2025 Africa Cup of Nations 4148:Joseph ben Judah ibn Aknin 4003: 3983: 3782: 3618: 3280: 3269: 2905: 2717: 2627:Mean daily daylight hours 2577: 2567: 2558: 1943: 1917: 1878:) and the now much larger 1460:(17th century) inside the 1420:Battle of Wadi al-Makhazin 1197:period (12th-13th century) 820: 814: 810: 775:, founded by Idris I, and 397:UNESCO World Heritage Site 322:414 m (1,358 ft) 26: 15360: 15330: 15317: 15277: 15203: 15159: 15115: 15080: 15059: 15050: 15001: 14951: 14935: 14926: 14876: 14855: 14846: 14797: 14762: 14736: 14727: 14677: 14656: 14647: 14597: 14581: 14572: 14527: 14506: 14499:Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima 14497: 14282: 14271: 14215: 14205: 14141: 14086: 14042: 13976: 13928: 13902: 13876: 13835: 13774: 13748: 13710:Zawiya of Moulay Idris II 13705:Mausoleum of Sidi Harazem 13697: 13641: 13620: 13575: 13522:Mosque of the Andalusians 13509: 13502: 13493: 13477: 13452: 13426: 13419: 13388: 13367: 13344: 13315: 13156:David Criekemans (2007). 12337:(in French). 2006-07-20. 12308:(in French). 2013-12-26. 12004:. Oncf.ma. Archived from 11600:(in French). 2019-09-26. 10604:Hoh, Anchi (2019-08-16). 10539:(in Arabic). 2021-10-14. 10442:Harris, Lawrence (1909). 10390:Usman, Aribidesi (2017). 10307:. In Bigon, Liora (ed.). 10067:10.1017/S1359135512000462 9987:(in French). 2016-04-08. 9750:Wilbaux, Quentin (2001). 9524:Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). 8832:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 8580:(in French). 2021-09-15. 8360:Berriane, Johara (2015). 8017:10.1017/s0047404512000279 7975:2027/spo.4750978.0008.305 7882:. OGIMET. 23 October 2023 7318:10.1080/13629389708718294 7073:(in French) (22): 47–70. 7044:. Oneworld Publications. 6803:Gottreich, Emily (2020). 6433:Marçais, Georges (1954). 6234:Fès: La ville essentielle 6232:Métalsi, Mohamed (2003). 6190:Une ville de l'Islam: Fès 6137:Une ville de l'Islam: Fès 6013:Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). 5951:Witkam, Jan Just (2007), 5827:Fès: La ville essentielle 5825:Métalsi, Mohamed (2003). 5536:. ABC-CLIO. p. 151. 5113:– Author in the field of 4830:Private University of Fez 4373:Idrīs Bin Jellūn at-Twīmī 4243:calligrapher and scholar 4224:expulsion of the Moriscos 4082:anti-colonial periodical 3970:Toulon in 1946–1947. The 3386:Mosque of the Andalusians 2938:, and around the central 2511: 2464: 2420: 2346: 2276: 2206: 2136: 2066: 1996: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1501:Zawiya of Moulay Idris II 1296:Moroccan Jewish community 967:, probably consisting of 843:Zawiya of Moulay Idris II 458: 454: 444: 437: 429: 421: 413: 403: 394: 390: 380: 363: 352: 342: 331: 326: 318: 310: 305: 297: 289: 284: 274: 266: 254: 236: 200: 128: 64: 55: 41: 13698:Mausoleums & zawiyas 10779:Nizri, Yigal S. (2020). 10398:. ABC-CLIO. p. 90. 10270:"Place de la Résistance" 9913:Parker, Richard (1981). 9683:Museum with no Frontiers 9427:Guinnessworldrecords.com 9411:. Yale University Press. 9392:Terrasse, Henri (1942). 9279:Congress, World Jewish. 9051:Terrasse, Henri (1942). 8936:"What does Medina mean?" 8882:The Report: Morocco 2009 8826:Zeunert, Joshua (2017). 7167:10.1177/0042098014524611 6733:Terrasse, Henri (1968). 6187:Gaillard, Henri (1905). 6134:Gaillard, Henri (1905). 5561:. Springer. p. 83. 5461:Gaudio, Attilio (1982). 5229: 4553: 4498: 4290: 3917:Avenue Hassan II in the 3840:era or earlier, and the 3836:), both dating from the 3605:Marabout of Sidi Harazem 3603:Sufis), for example the 3388:founded in 859–860, the 3252:House of Representatives 2850:voiceless uvular plosive 2831:postalveolar approximant 1746:Al-Qarawiyyin University 1430:number of new forts and 1369:In the 16th century the 720:The name of the city in 688:area founded during the 15303:Archaeological Site of 15161:Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra 13792:Dar Ba Mohammed Chergui 13336:Mellah (Jewish quarter) 12885:The Jewish Encyclopedia 12627:National Football Teams 12594:Encyclopædia Britannica 11903:(in French). 2022-02-07 11878:(in French). 2014-04-24 10752:Deshen, Shlomo (1989). 10466:Conder, Josiah (1834). 9281:"World Jewish Congress" 9164:"Mulay Idris Mausoleum" 9126:. Lienart. p. 92. 9122:Salmon, Xavier (2021). 9023:"Jami' al-Andalusiyyin" 8235:10.1057/9781137401625_3 8123:Hachimi, Atiqa (2011). 8098:Heath, Jeffrey (2002). 7957:Kosansky, Oren (2001). 7733:Aouchar, Amina (2005). 7655:www.smartcitiesdive.com 7353:Istasse, Manon (2019). 7338:Aouchar, Amina (2005). 7255:Aouchar, Amina (2005). 6807:. London: I.B. Tauris. 6748:Salmon, Xavier (2016). 6343:. University of Leeds. 5664:Encyclopædia Britannica 5111:Ali ibn Qasim al-Zaqqaq 5053:Abd al-Hafid of Morocco 4843:International relations 4539:MAS Fez basketball team 4521:Complexe Sportif de Fès 4230: 3887:model, consisting of a 2718:Source: Weather Atlas 1858:The walled district of 1716:A street in the modern 1600:challenged his brother 1534:Sufi order, started by 1404:Battle of Wadi al-Laban 797:al-ʿĀliyá Madinat Idris 767:During the rule of the 675:dynasty up until 1912. 515:and the capital of the 14250:Moulay Yacoub Province 13740:Tomb of Sidi Bel Kacem 13664:Madrasa of Fes el-Jdid 13633:Al Fassiyine Synagogue 13608:Moulay Abdallah Mosque 12507:(in Arabic). Jericho. 12140:Guinness World Records 11672:"Site officiel du MAS" 11392:"Festival Amazigh Fès" 10955:Barjeel Art Foundation 10852:Habibeh Rahim (1996). 10825:Kane, Ousmane (2016). 10472:. T. Tegg. p. 226 10303:Hassa, Samira (2016). 9754:. Paris: L'Harmattan. 9610:Skali, Faouzi (2007). 8544:(Report) (in French). 7876:"60141: Fex (Morocco)" 7357:. Palgrave Macmillan. 7113:Rabinow, Paul (2014). 7040:Pennell, C.R. (2003). 7019:. BRILL. p. 318. 6719:(2nd ed.). Brill. 6717:Encyclopaedia of Islam 6540:(2nd ed.). Brill. 6538:Encyclopaedia of Islam 6055:(2nd ed.). Brill. 6053:Encyclopaedia of Islam 5940:(2nd ed.). Brill. 5938:Encyclopaedia of Islam 5861:Rivet, Daniel (2012). 5500:A la découverte de Fès 5258:to the south, and the 5071:Abderrahime Bouramdane 4824: 4753: 4725: 4699: 4676: 4665: 4650: 4632: 4489:Abderrahime Bouramdane 4441: 4387: 4346: 4270: 4252:Maghrebi Arabic script 4248: 4227: 4130:Judah ben David Hayyuj 4110: 4029:mosques. Under Sultan 4025: 3992:of the West" and the " 3935:Place de la Résistance 3922: 3864: 3729: 3698: 3630: 3561: 3502:Guinness World Records 3489: 3445: 3433:Moulay Abdallah Mosque 3373: 3361: 3241:communes des méchouars 3009: 2946:from which many other 2915: 2887:Modern Standard Arabic 2734: 1944:Climate data for Fez ( 1863: 1829: 1812: 1798: 1737: 1726: 1721: 1695: 1652: 1570: 1465: 1414:and ousted his nephew 1410:, Abdallah's brother, 1393:. The Wattasids later 1366: 1306:Western Sephardic Jews 1277: 1242: 1198: 1052: 1003: 987:(near the present-day 846: 779:, founded by his son, 684: 543:of the West" and the " 14385:Moulay Idriss Zerhoun 14119:Maristan of Sidi Frej 14033:Fortifications of Fez 14031:For other gates, see 13868:Funduq al-Tetwaniyyin 13411:Collège Moulay Idriss 13058:A Man of Three Worlds 12215:"l'USMBA en chiffres" 12056:"Bus in Fez, Morocco" 11977:Oxford Business Group 10165:Secret, Edm. (1942). 9957:Funduq al-Najjariyyin 9456:Penell, C.R. (2013), 9309:Audurier Cros, Alix. 9285:World Jewish Congress 8399:Oxford Business Group 6414:Encyclopedia of Islam 6073:Archéologie islamique 5557:Bigon, Liora (2016). 5250:, the fortressess of 5077:Abdessalam Benjelloun 4872:, Burkina Faso (1982) 4751: 4597:North African ostrich 4444:Fez hosts the annual 4435: 4277:The modernist artist 4238: 4221: 4102: 4013: 3916: 3855: 3727: 3693: 3678:and its sister fort, 3628: 3621:Fortifications of Fez 3551: 3484: 3462:World Jewish Congress 3454:Al-Fassiyin Synagogue 3370:Al-Fassiyin Synagogue 3367: 3359: 2969:, as well as raising 2913: 2732: 2578:Climate data for Fez 1926:mountains, Fez has a 1857: 1772:Post-independence era 1715: 1699:also became known as 1646: 1626:Charles Émile Moinier 1556: 1455: 1373:, a dynasty claiming 1357: 1268: 1241:in Fes (14th century) 1232: 1188: 1024: 997: 836: 298: • Governor 15205:Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab 15072:Inezgane-Aït Melloul 15067:Agadir-Ida Ou Tanane 14969:El Kelâa des Sraghna 14799:Béni Mellal-Khénifra 14129:Oued Fes (Fez River) 13903:Hammams (bathhouses) 13598:Lalla ez-Zhar Mosque 13537:Abu al-Hassan Mosque 13517:Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque 13243:at Wikimedia Commons 13086:3 March 2016 at the 12852:. Chabatonline.net. 11682:on 15 September 2017 11651:Fes Running Festival 10869:Shafer, Ann (2019). 10167:"Les hammams de Fes" 9863:www.lonelyplanet.com 9339:www.dioceserabat.org 9251:"Fès | Masjid Tunis" 9193:"Mosquée Imam Malik" 9087:Abu al-Hassan Mosque 8548:. 2017. p. 28. 5865:(in French). Fayard. 5193:Roberto López Ufarte 5015:, South Korea (2003) 4777:Vocational education 4711:system with various 4707:The city operates a 4558:The availability of 4094:Nasihat ahl al-Islam 4016:Muhammad al-Jazuli's 3848:Hammams (bathhouses) 3544:Tombs and mausoleums 3471:Archdiocese of Rabat 2854:voiced velar plosive 2739:2014 national census 1997:Record high °C (°F) 1910:, while the city of 1657:French colonial rule 1604:for the throne. The 1331:1465 Moroccan revolt 952:'Adwat al-Qarawiyyin 221:34.04333°N 5.00333°W 15352:Mazagan (El Jadida) 15350:Portuguese City of 14077:Royal Palace of Fez 13894:Sidi Moussa Tannery 13884:Ain Azliten Tannery 13836:Funduqs (foundouks) 13782:Royal Palace of Fez 13649:Al-Attarine Madrasa 13628:Ibn Danan Synagogue 13603:Lalla Ghriba Mosque 13465:Salle 11th November 13380:Fes railway station 12890:Funk & Wagnalls 12878:, ed. (1901–1906). 12443:"Cidades Geminadas" 11792:. 27 September 2023 10695:Library of Congress 10333:"Place de Florence" 10042:. LII (3): 209–227. 10014:www.qantara-med.org 9151:. LII (3): 229–254. 8998:www.qantara-med.org 8940:www.definitions.net 8005:Language in Society 7159:2014UrbSt..51.3011W 5993:1887.1/item:3324568 5598:on 2 November 2018. 5205:Soufiane El Bakkali 4761:secondary education 4528:2030 FIFA World Cup 4511:(Fés Maghrebi) and 4436:Performance at the 4418:Cervantes Institute 4257:Muhammad al-Qandusi 4183:Library of Congress 4006:Moroccan literature 3771:clan, known as the 3719:Ain Azliten Tannery 3715:Sidi Moussa Tannery 3694:Leather tanning in 3486:Al-Attarine Madrasa 3464:there are only 150 3458:Ibn Danan Synagogue 3419:from 1342, and the 3413:Abu al-Hasan Mosque 3328:World Heritage site 3272:Architecture of Fez 3248:electoral districts 3051: 2899:literary traditions 2277:Record low °C (°F) 2137:Daily mean °C (°F) 1830:Hôtel des Mérinides 1720:("New City") of Fez 1622:Battle of Marrakesh 1618:conditioned support 1608:of Fez, led by the 1546:(also known as the 1462:Royal Palace of Fez 1387:Mohammed ash-Sheikh 1109:water supply system 694:World Heritage Site 217: / 158:Show map of Morocco 15410:789 establishments 15341:(formerly Mogador) 14729:Rabat-Salé-Kénitra 14365:Imouzzer Marmoucha 14225:Boulemane Province 14050:Kissariat al-Kifah 13910:Hammam al-Mokhfiya 13674:Mesbahiyya Madrasa 13659:Cherratine Madrasa 13654:Bou Inania Madrasa 13552:Chrabliyine Mosque 13006:Morocco World News 12975:Morocco World News 12930:The Checkered Flag 12725:Morocco World News 12700:on 2 February 2009 12168:2013-09-17 at the 12149:2014-10-07 at the 11845:www.afrobasket.com 11632:Morocco World News 11505:Morocco World News 11367:Morocco World News 11283:Morocco World News 10105:. pp. 77–91. 9962:2021-01-11 at the 9887:Mezzine, Mohamed. 9723:2021-01-11 at the 9700:2021-01-11 at the 9677:2018-01-22 at the 9652:2021-01-28 at the 9646:قصبة لأغراض عسكرية 9554:2021-01-12 at the 9335:"Diocèse de Rabat" 9162:Mezzine, Mohamed. 9092:2021-01-11 at the 8647:Morocco World News 8227:The Book in Africa 7938:The World Factbook 7908:Morocco World News 7480:The New York Times 7394:, pp. 154–157 6752:. Paris: LienArt. 6307:Global Connections 6193:. Paris: J. André. 5960:, Ter Lugt Press, 5420:. Whc.unesco.org. 5364:2020-08-07 at the 4950:, Palestine (2014) 4924:, Palestine (1982) 4754: 4624:main train station 4442: 4384:Mohammed al-Haik's 4382:, in his study of 4328:to Fes. The Fessi 4249: 4228: 4128:), the grammarian 4111: 4052:Zawiya al-Fasiyya, 4026: 4021:Dala'il al-Khayrat 3923: 3877:Hammam al-Mokhfiya 3873:Hammam as-Saffarin 3865: 3832:(or Funduq of the 3830:Funduq Staouniyyin 3826:Foundouk Chemmaïne 3817:Funduq al-Najjarin 3789:Jnane Sbile Garden 3730: 3699: 3631: 3562: 3538:Cherratine Madrasa 3534:Bou Inania Madrasa 3528:Madrasas. His son 3490: 3417:Chrabliyine Mosque 3374: 3362: 3076:Population density 3046: 2944:Kissariat al-Kifah 2916: 2852:in the place of a 2735: 2733:Men at a Café, Fez 1864: 1722: 1653: 1647:The abdication of 1571: 1486:Cherratine Madrasa 1466: 1400:Abdallah al-Ghalib 1375:prophetic heritage 1367: 1350:Saadis and 'Alawis 1278: 1243: 1235:Bou Inania Madrasa 1199: 1169:(Arabic term for " 1053: 1016:Yahya ibn Muhammad 1004: 915:families of mixed 898:Walili (Volubilis) 847: 438:Reference no. 311: • Urban 290: • Mayor 226:34.04333; -5.00333 191:Show map of Africa 123:the Medina of Fez. 106:From the top down: 15377: 15376: 15309:Historic City of 15237: 15236: 15233: 15232: 15199: 15198: 15155: 15154: 15117:Guelmim-Oued Noun 15111: 15110: 15046: 15045: 14997: 14996: 14922: 14921: 14848:Casablanca-Settat 14842: 14841: 14793: 14792: 14723: 14722: 14643: 14642: 14568: 14567: 14453: 14452: 14260:Taounate Province 14245:Meknès Prefecture 14230:El Hajeb Province 14199:Fès-Meknès region 14158: 14157: 14137: 14136: 14109:Jnan Sbil Gardens 13689:Sba'iyyin Madrasa 13616: 13615: 13547:Bou Jeloud Mosque 13542:Bab Guissa Mosque 13473: 13472: 13239:Media related to 13169:978-90-441-1969-5 13067:978-0-8018-7225-9 12759:978-1-107-04296-4 12607:978-1-59339-837-8 12476:diariocordoba.com 12144:Oldest University 11766:. 20 October 2023 11277:Hemidach, Amjad. 10838:978-0-674-05082-2 10794:978-0-19-751649-2 10765:978-0-226-14340-8 10735:978-1-119-01821-6 10650:978-0-521-39727-8 10579:979-10-92046-17-5 10405:978-1-61069-580-0 10318:978-3-319-32485-2 10244:978-2-84788-239-1 10112:978-1-84407-600-0 9638:نفائس فاس العتيقة 9623:978-9954-21-086-4 9585:979-10-92046-17-5 9133:978-2-35906-335-6 8892:978-1-907065-07-1 8866:978-1-4648-0981-1 8839:978-1-350-03382-5 8489:978-2-8111-1328-5 8244:978-1-349-48644-1 8138:978-1-4411-5813-0 8109:978-0-415-56778-7 7852:. Weather Atlas. 7582:978-0-19-986125-5 7557:978-0-7103-0505-3 7522:Los Angeles Times 7392:978-0-313-32061-3 7380:Lulat, Y. G.-M.: 7364:978-3-030-17450-7 7290:978-1-5017-0424-6 7153:(14): 3011–3025. 7126:978-0-226-22757-3 7051:978-1-85168-634-6 6933:978-1-139-62469-5 6814:978-1-83860-361-8 6786:978-0-7486-9648-2 6759:978-2-35906-182-6 6690:978-90-04-25267-7 6665:978-0-7486-9648-2 6638:978-2-35031-490-7 6608:978-1-317-75160-1 6468:978-3-902782-31-1 6399:978-2-35031-490-7 6317:978-0-521-19189-0 6290:978-1-136-77155-2 6243:978-2-86770-152-8 5917:978-0-521-33767-0 5836:978-2-86770-152-8 5634:978-0-521-20981-6 5568:978-3-319-32485-2 5543:978-1-57607-919-5 5510:978-2-343-09022-1 5254:to the north and 5217:Youssef En-Nesyri 5152:Académie des Arts 5129:Dunash ben Labrat 4779:is also offered. 4731:lit. transl. 4491:, a professional 4364: 4323: 4284:Académie des Arts 4177:) was printed in 4119:Dunash Ben Labrat 3556:(d. 1815) in the 3425:Bab Guissa Mosque 3390:Bou Jeloud Mosque 3352:Places of worship 3216: 3215: 2881:an Arabic dialect 2816:Mohammed Errihani 2775: 2737:According to the 2722: 2721: 2673:Ultraviolet index 2572: 2571: 2514:possible sunshine 1922:Northwest of the 1579:Jnan Sbil Gardens 1464:(photo from 1922) 1310:Iberian Peninsula 1308:fleeing from the 1219:Muhammad al-Nasir 1149:Yusuf ibn Tashfin 1081:Buluggin ibn Ziri 1065:Fatimid Caliphate 1057:Umayyad Caliphate 985:Funduq el-Yihoudi 938:'Adwat Al-Andalus 886:Abbasid Caliphate 865:. Idris I was an 861:, founder of the 665:extensive gardens 586:Yusuf ibn Tashfin 505: 462: 461: 343: • Rank 16:(Redirected from 15432: 15325: 15324: 15264: 15257: 15250: 15241: 15240: 15210: 15209: 15166: 15165: 15122: 15121: 15098:Chtouka Aït Baha 15057: 15056: 15008: 15007: 14933: 14932: 14853: 14852: 14804: 14803: 14734: 14733: 14654: 14653: 14579: 14578: 14504: 14503: 14480: 14473: 14466: 14457: 14456: 14277: 14197: 14196: 14195: 14185: 14178: 14171: 14162: 14161: 13915:Hammam Ben Abbad 13684:Saffarin Madrasa 13507: 13506: 13500: 13499: 13424: 13423: 13375:Fès–Saïs Airport 13302: 13295: 13288: 13279: 13278: 13261: 13250: 13238: 13223: 13210: 13181: 13180: 13178: 13176: 13153: 13147: 13146: 13144: 13143: 13123: 13117: 13116: 13114: 13112: 13097: 13091: 13078: 13072: 13071: 13053: 13047: 13046: 13044: 13042: 13022: 13016: 13015: 13013: 13012: 12997: 12991: 12990: 12988: 12987: 12966: 12960: 12959: 12951: 12945: 12944: 12942: 12941: 12922: 12916: 12915: 12908:"Bennani, Karim" 12904: 12898: 12897: 12872: 12866: 12865: 12863: 12861: 12846: 12840: 12833: 12827: 12826: 12824: 12823: 12808: 12802: 12795: 12789: 12788: 12786: 12785: 12770: 12764: 12763: 12743: 12737: 12736: 12734: 12733: 12716: 12710: 12709: 12707: 12705: 12690: 12684: 12683: 12681: 12680: 12661: 12655: 12648: 12642: 12641: 12639: 12638: 12618: 12612: 12611: 12591: 12584: 12578: 12577: 12575: 12574: 12555: 12549: 12548: 12546: 12545: 12526: 12520: 12519: 12517: 12516: 12497: 12491: 12490: 12488: 12487: 12468: 12462: 12461: 12459: 12458: 12439: 12433: 12432: 12430: 12429: 12410: 12404: 12403: 12401: 12400: 12381: 12375: 12374: 12372: 12371: 12356: 12350: 12349: 12347: 12346: 12327: 12321: 12320: 12318: 12317: 12298: 12292: 12291: 12289: 12288: 12277:www.ueuromed.org 12269: 12263: 12262: 12260: 12259: 12240: 12234: 12233: 12231: 12230: 12211: 12205: 12204: 12202: 12201: 12182: 12173: 12159: 12153: 12137: 12131: 12130: 12122: 12113: 12107: 12106: 12104: 12103: 12081: 12075: 12074: 12072: 12071: 12052: 12046: 12045: 12043: 12042: 12023: 12017: 12016: 12014: 12013: 12002:"::.. Oncf ..::" 11998: 11992: 11991: 11989: 11988: 11969: 11963: 11962: 11960: 11959: 11941: 11935: 11934: 11918: 11912: 11911: 11909: 11908: 11893: 11887: 11886: 11884: 11883: 11866: 11860: 11859: 11857: 11856: 11837: 11831: 11830: 11828: 11827: 11808: 11802: 11801: 11799: 11797: 11782: 11776: 11775: 11773: 11771: 11756: 11750: 11749: 11747: 11746: 11727: 11721: 11720: 11718: 11717: 11698: 11692: 11691: 11689: 11687: 11678:. Archived from 11668: 11662: 11661: 11659: 11658: 11647:"Qui Somme Nous" 11643: 11637: 11636: 11622: 11613: 11612: 11610: 11609: 11590: 11584: 11583: 11581: 11580: 11565: 11559: 11558: 11551: 11545: 11544: 11542: 11541: 11526: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11516: 11496: 11490: 11489: 11487: 11486: 11471: 11465: 11464: 11462: 11461: 11442: 11436: 11435: 11433: 11432: 11417: 11411: 11410: 11408: 11407: 11388: 11382: 11381: 11379: 11378: 11358: 11352: 11351: 11349: 11348: 11333: 11327: 11326: 11324: 11323: 11304: 11298: 11297: 11295: 11294: 11274: 11268: 11267: 11265: 11264: 11255:. Archived from 11245: 11239: 11238: 11236: 11235: 11220: 11214: 11213: 11211: 11210: 11195: 11189: 11188: 11186: 11185: 11170: 11164: 11163: 11161: 11160: 11141: 11135: 11134: 11132: 11131: 11116: 11110: 11109: 11107: 11106: 11087: 11081: 11080: 11078: 11077: 11062: 11056: 11055: 11053: 11052: 11033: 11027: 11026: 11001: 10995: 10994: 10992: 10991: 10976: 10970: 10969: 10967: 10966: 10947: 10938: 10937: 10919: 10910: 10909: 10907: 10906: 10866: 10860: 10859: 10849: 10843: 10842: 10822: 10816: 10815: 10805: 10799: 10798: 10776: 10770: 10769: 10749: 10740: 10739: 10717: 10711: 10710: 10708: 10707: 10686: 10680: 10679: 10677: 10676: 10661: 10655: 10654: 10631: 10625: 10624: 10622: 10621: 10601: 10595: 10594: 10592: 10591: 10563: 10552: 10551: 10549: 10548: 10529: 10523: 10522: 10516: 10508: 10506: 10505: 10487: 10481: 10480: 10478: 10477: 10463: 10457: 10456: 10454: 10453: 10439: 10433: 10432: 10422: 10416: 10415: 10413: 10412: 10387: 10381: 10380: 10378: 10377: 10358: 10352: 10351: 10349: 10348: 10329: 10323: 10322: 10300: 10289: 10288: 10286: 10285: 10266: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10256: 10237:. ENS Éditions. 10228: 10211: 10210: 10202: 10196: 10195: 10193: 10192: 10186: 10171: 10162: 10156: 10155: 10153: 10152: 10128: 10117: 10116: 10094: 10079: 10078: 10050: 10044: 10043: 10035: 10029: 10028: 10026: 10025: 10006: 10000: 9999: 9997: 9996: 9977: 9971: 9954: 9948: 9947: 9945: 9944: 9933:Morocco.FalkTime 9925: 9919: 9918: 9910: 9901: 9900: 9884: 9878: 9877: 9875: 9874: 9855: 9849: 9848: 9846: 9845: 9830: 9824: 9823: 9821: 9820: 9801: 9795: 9794: 9792: 9791: 9772: 9766: 9765: 9747: 9741: 9738: 9732: 9715: 9709: 9692: 9686: 9672: 9667: 9661: 9647: 9643: 9639: 9634: 9628: 9627: 9607: 9601: 9600: 9598: 9597: 9569: 9563: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9521: 9515: 9508:Shiratin Madrasa 9505: 9499: 9498: 9496: 9495: 9467: 9461: 9454: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9438: 9419: 9413: 9412: 9404: 9398: 9397: 9389: 9383: 9382: 9380: 9379: 9360: 9354: 9353: 9351: 9350: 9331: 9325: 9324: 9322: 9315: 9306: 9300: 9299: 9297: 9296: 9276: 9270: 9269: 9267: 9266: 9247: 9241: 9240: 9238: 9237: 9218: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9208: 9189: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9179: 9159: 9153: 9152: 9144: 9138: 9137: 9119: 9113: 9103: 9097: 9084: 9078: 9077: 9065: 9059: 9058: 9048: 9042: 9041: 9039: 9038: 9019: 9013: 9012: 9010: 9009: 8990: 8984: 8983: 8981: 8980: 8961: 8955: 8954: 8952: 8951: 8932: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8922: 8903: 8897: 8896: 8877: 8871: 8870: 8850: 8844: 8843: 8823: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8813: 8791: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8781: 8761: 8755: 8754: 8752: 8751: 8730: 8724: 8723: 8721: 8720: 8700: 8694: 8693: 8691: 8690: 8684: 8677: 8668: 8662: 8661: 8659: 8658: 8638: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8628: 8617: 8599: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8589: 8570: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8560: 8554: 8543: 8535: 8529: 8528: 8526: 8525: 8506: 8500: 8499: 8497: 8496: 8473: 8462: 8461: 8450: 8439: 8438: 8436: 8435: 8420: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8410: 8391: 8385: 8384: 8382: 8381: 8357: 8351: 8350: 8348: 8347: 8328: 8322: 8321: 8319: 8318: 8294: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8284: 8275:. Archived from 8265: 8259: 8258: 8257: 8256: 8218: 8201: 8200: 8198: 8197: 8178: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8168: 8149: 8143: 8142: 8120: 8114: 8113: 8095: 8080: 8079: 8043: 8037: 8036: 8000: 7987: 7986: 7954: 7948: 7947: 7946: 7945: 7930: 7924: 7923: 7921: 7920: 7898: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7846: 7837: 7836: 7834: 7832: 7817: 7811: 7810: 7808: 7806: 7791: 7785: 7784: 7773: 7764: 7763: 7761: 7760: 7751:. Archived from 7745: 7739: 7738: 7730: 7724: 7723: 7716: 7699: 7698: 7696: 7695: 7676: 7670: 7669: 7667: 7666: 7647: 7641: 7640: 7638: 7637: 7618: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7608: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7568: 7562: 7561: 7543: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7533: 7514: 7508: 7507: 7505: 7504: 7471: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7461: 7442: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7404: 7395: 7378: 7369: 7368: 7350: 7344: 7343: 7335: 7322: 7321: 7301: 7295: 7294: 7274: 7261: 7260: 7252: 7246: 7245: 7237: 7231: 7230: 7222: 7216: 7215: 7207: 7198: 7197: 7185: 7179: 7178: 7142: 7131: 7130: 7110: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7100: 7082: 7080:10.4000/emam.548 7062: 7056: 7055: 7037: 7031: 7030: 7010: 7004: 7003: 6981: 6975: 6974: 6972: 6971: 6952: 6946: 6945: 6919: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6900: 6876: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6866: 6860: 6849: 6840: 6827: 6826: 6800: 6791: 6790: 6770: 6764: 6763: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6730: 6721: 6720: 6712: 6703: 6702: 6676: 6670: 6669: 6649: 6643: 6642: 6624: 6613: 6612: 6590: 6584: 6583: 6555: 6542: 6541: 6533: 6527: 6526: 6498: 6489: 6482: 6473: 6472: 6454: 6439: 6438: 6430: 6421: 6410: 6404: 6403: 6385: 6376: 6365: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6355: 6349: 6342: 6331: 6322: 6321: 6301: 6295: 6294: 6274: 6268: 6257: 6248: 6247: 6229: 6212: 6201: 6195: 6194: 6184: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6167: 6152: 6146: 6145: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6096: 6081: 6080: 6068: 6057: 6056: 6048: 6031: 6030: 6010: 5997: 5996: 5981: 5975: 5974: 5973: 5972: 5966: 5959: 5948: 5942: 5941: 5933: 5922: 5921: 5901: 5884: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5858: 5841: 5840: 5822: 5779: 5778: 5768: 5667: 5660: 5639: 5638: 5618: 5612: 5606: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5590: 5579: 5573: 5572: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5527: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5494: 5485: 5484: 5482: 5481: 5458: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5429: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5384: 5371: 5356: 5334: 5331: 5325: 5315: 5309: 5298: 5292: 5281: 5275: 5240: 5147:Jilali Gharbaoui 5065:Abdellatif Laabi 5037: 5036: 5024: 5023: 5011: 5010: 5002:, Senegal (1979) 4998: 4997: 4985: 4984: 4972: 4971: 4963:, Tunisia (1965) 4959: 4958: 4946: 4945: 4933: 4932: 4920: 4919: 4907: 4906: 4894: 4893: 4881: 4880: 4868: 4867: 4838: 4827: 4814: 4767:. It includes a 4738:activated sludge 4735: 4732: 4728: 4702: 4679: 4668: 4653: 4635: 4541:competes in the 4414:French Institute 4398: 4390: 4381: 4359: 4357: 4349: 4342:Mohamed El Fassi 4318: 4316: 4308: 4279:Jilali Gharbaoui 4273: 4198: 4176: 4175: 4156: 4153: 4138: 4135: 4127: 4124: 4113:Fez, along with 4072:historiographies 4039: 4038: 1822–1859 4037: 3972:Court of Appeals 3931:Avenue de France 3881:Hammam Ben Abbad 3822:Funduq Shamma'in 3510:Saffarin Madrasa 3448: 3398:al-Anouar Mosque 3368:Interior of the 3339: 3305:pedestrian zones 3209: 3187: 3165: 3143: 3119: 3097: 3052: 3045: 3042: 3041: 3029: 3028: 3023: 3012: 3006: 3005: 2810: 2809: 2799:prestige dialect 2789: 2788: 2770: 2768: 2767:الدارجة المغربية 2575: 2574: 2563:(sun 1981–2010) 1946:Fès–Saïs Airport 1941: 1940: 1832: 1815: 1804:state university 1801: 1740: 1732:Janet Abu-Lughod 1729: 1698: 1690:Villes Nouvelles 1634: 1616:, offered their 1447:Dilā' Sufi order 1426:(r. 1578–1603). 1251:Abu Yusuf Ya'qub 1215:Ya'qub al-Mansur 1117:Oued Bou Khrareb 1012:Ali ibn Muhammad 1002:, founded in 859 1000:Qarawiyin Mosque 998:Interior of the 965:Jewish community 962: 948: 787:, with the name 748: 747: 738: 737: 729: 728: 698:pedestrian zones 687: 658: 655: 652: 649: 646: 611: 607: 604: 601: 598: 595: 510: 500: 498: 490: 489: 486: 485: 482: 479: 293:Abdeslam Bekkali 247: 245: 244: 232: 231: 229: 228: 227: 222: 218: 215: 214: 213: 210: 192: 178: 177: 171: 159: 145: 144: 138: 122: 97: 86: 75: 50: 49: 39: 38: 21: 15440: 15439: 15435: 15434: 15433: 15431: 15430: 15429: 15380: 15379: 15378: 15373: 15356: 15326: 15319: 15315: 15273: 15268: 15238: 15229: 15195: 15151: 15107: 15076: 15042: 14993: 14947: 14918: 14872: 14838: 14834:Fquih Ben Salah 14789: 14758: 14754:Skhirate-Témara 14719: 14673: 14639: 14593: 14564: 14523: 14514:Tangier-Assilah 14493: 14484: 14454: 14449: 14360:Imouzzer Kandar 14278: 14269: 14255:Sefrou Province 14240:Ifrane Province 14217: 14211: 14201: 14193: 14191: 14189: 14159: 14154: 14133: 14087:Other landmarks 14082: 14065:Place Seffarine 14060:Place Nejjarine 14038: 13972: 13963:Kasbah Cherarda 13958:Kasbah An-Nouar 13924: 13920:Hammam Saffarin 13898: 13889:Chouara Tannery 13872: 13853:Funduq Kettanin 13831: 13770: 13744: 13693: 13669:Madrasa el-Oued 13637: 13612: 13593:Al-Hamra Mosque 13588:Al-Beida Mosque 13571: 13489: 13469: 13448: 13415: 13384: 13363: 13340: 13311: 13306: 13272:ArchNet – "Fès" 13231: 13226: 13207: 13190: 13188:Further reading 13185: 13184: 13174: 13172: 13170: 13154: 13150: 13141: 13139: 13124: 13120: 13110: 13108: 13098: 13094: 13088:Wayback Machine 13079: 13075: 13068: 13054: 13050: 13040: 13038: 13023: 13019: 13010: 13008: 12998: 12994: 12985: 12983: 12978:. 10 May 2015. 12968: 12967: 12963: 12952: 12948: 12939: 12937: 12924: 12923: 12919: 12906: 12905: 12901: 12876:Singer, Isidore 12873: 12869: 12859: 12857: 12848: 12847: 12843: 12834: 12830: 12821: 12819: 12810: 12809: 12805: 12801:, vol. 5, 1974. 12796: 12792: 12783: 12781: 12772: 12771: 12767: 12760: 12744: 12740: 12731: 12729: 12718: 12717: 12713: 12703: 12701: 12692: 12691: 12687: 12678: 12676: 12663: 12662: 12658: 12649: 12645: 12636: 12634: 12619: 12615: 12608: 12586: 12585: 12581: 12572: 12570: 12559:"Sister cities" 12557: 12556: 12552: 12543: 12541: 12534:wuxinews.com.cn 12530:"Sister Cities" 12528: 12527: 12523: 12514: 12512: 12505:jericho-city.ps 12499: 12498: 12494: 12485: 12483: 12470: 12469: 12465: 12456: 12454: 12441: 12440: 12436: 12427: 12425: 12412: 12411: 12407: 12398: 12396: 12383: 12382: 12378: 12369: 12367: 12358: 12357: 12353: 12344: 12342: 12329: 12328: 12324: 12315: 12313: 12300: 12299: 12295: 12286: 12284: 12273:"L'UEMF | UEMF" 12271: 12270: 12266: 12257: 12255: 12242: 12241: 12237: 12228: 12226: 12213: 12212: 12208: 12199: 12197: 12184: 12183: 12176: 12170:Wayback Machine 12161:Larbi Arbaoui, 12160: 12156: 12151:Wayback Machine 12138: 12134: 12120: 12114: 12110: 12101: 12099: 12084:Misane, Laila. 12082: 12078: 12069: 12067: 12054: 12053: 12049: 12040: 12038: 12025: 12024: 12020: 12011: 12009: 12000: 11999: 11995: 11986: 11984: 11971: 11970: 11966: 11957: 11955: 11942: 11938: 11919: 11915: 11906: 11904: 11895: 11894: 11890: 11881: 11879: 11868: 11867: 11863: 11854: 11852: 11839: 11838: 11834: 11825: 11823: 11816:FIBA.basketball 11810: 11809: 11805: 11795: 11793: 11784: 11783: 11779: 11769: 11767: 11758: 11757: 11753: 11744: 11742: 11729: 11728: 11724: 11715: 11713: 11700: 11699: 11695: 11685: 11683: 11670: 11669: 11665: 11656: 11654: 11645: 11644: 11640: 11623: 11616: 11607: 11605: 11592: 11591: 11587: 11578: 11576: 11567: 11566: 11562: 11553: 11552: 11548: 11539: 11537: 11528: 11527: 11523: 11514: 11512: 11497: 11493: 11484: 11482: 11473: 11472: 11468: 11459: 11457: 11444: 11443: 11439: 11430: 11428: 11419: 11418: 11414: 11405: 11403: 11390: 11389: 11385: 11376: 11374: 11359: 11355: 11346: 11344: 11335: 11334: 11330: 11321: 11319: 11306: 11305: 11301: 11292: 11290: 11275: 11271: 11262: 11260: 11247: 11246: 11242: 11233: 11231: 11222: 11221: 11217: 11208: 11206: 11197: 11196: 11192: 11183: 11181: 11172: 11171: 11167: 11158: 11156: 11149:www.babelfan.ma 11143: 11142: 11138: 11129: 11127: 11118: 11117: 11113: 11104: 11102: 11089: 11088: 11084: 11075: 11073: 11064: 11063: 11059: 11050: 11048: 11035: 11034: 11030: 11015: 11003: 11002: 10998: 10989: 10987: 10978: 10977: 10973: 10964: 10962: 10949: 10948: 10941: 10934: 10920: 10913: 10904: 10902: 10867: 10863: 10850: 10846: 10839: 10823: 10819: 10806: 10802: 10795: 10777: 10773: 10766: 10750: 10743: 10736: 10718: 10714: 10705: 10703: 10688: 10687: 10683: 10674: 10672: 10663: 10662: 10658: 10651: 10632: 10628: 10619: 10617: 10602: 10598: 10589: 10587: 10580: 10564: 10555: 10546: 10544: 10531: 10530: 10526: 10510: 10509: 10503: 10501: 10488: 10484: 10475: 10473: 10464: 10460: 10451: 10449: 10440: 10436: 10423: 10419: 10410: 10408: 10406: 10388: 10384: 10375: 10373: 10360: 10359: 10355: 10346: 10344: 10337:www.madein.city 10331: 10330: 10326: 10319: 10301: 10292: 10283: 10281: 10274:www.madein.city 10268: 10267: 10263: 10254: 10252: 10245: 10229: 10214: 10203: 10199: 10190: 10188: 10184: 10169: 10163: 10159: 10150: 10148: 10129: 10120: 10113: 10095: 10082: 10051: 10047: 10040:Hespéris-Tamuda 10036: 10032: 10023: 10021: 10008: 10007: 10003: 9994: 9992: 9979: 9978: 9974: 9964:Wayback Machine 9955: 9951: 9942: 9940: 9927: 9926: 9922: 9911: 9904: 9885: 9881: 9872: 9870: 9857: 9856: 9852: 9843: 9841: 9832: 9831: 9827: 9818: 9816: 9803: 9802: 9798: 9789: 9787: 9774: 9773: 9769: 9762: 9748: 9744: 9739: 9735: 9725:Wayback Machine 9716: 9712: 9702:Wayback Machine 9695:Chouara Tannery 9693: 9689: 9679:Wayback Machine 9670: 9668: 9664: 9654:Wayback Machine 9645: 9641: 9637: 9635: 9631: 9624: 9608: 9604: 9595: 9593: 9586: 9570: 9566: 9556:Wayback Machine 9547: 9543: 9536: 9522: 9518: 9506: 9502: 9493: 9491: 9468: 9464: 9455: 9446: 9436: 9434: 9421: 9420: 9416: 9405: 9401: 9390: 9386: 9377: 9375: 9362: 9361: 9357: 9348: 9346: 9333: 9332: 9328: 9320: 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ENS Éditions. 7208: 7201: 7186: 7182: 7143: 7134: 7127: 7111: 7107: 7098: 7096: 7063: 7059: 7052: 7038: 7034: 7027: 7011: 7007: 7000: 6982: 6978: 6969: 6967: 6954: 6953: 6949: 6934: 6920: 6907: 6898: 6896: 6877: 6873: 6864: 6862: 6858: 6852:Hespéris-Tamuda 6847: 6841: 6830: 6815: 6801: 6794: 6787: 6771: 6767: 6760: 6746: 6742: 6731: 6724: 6713: 6706: 6691: 6677: 6673: 6666: 6650: 6646: 6639: 6625: 6616: 6609: 6591: 6587: 6556: 6545: 6534: 6530: 6515:10.2307/1595913 6509:(66): 113–143. 6503:Studia Islamica 6499: 6492: 6483: 6476: 6469: 6455: 6442: 6431: 6424: 6411: 6407: 6400: 6386: 6379: 6366: 6362: 6353: 6351: 6347: 6340: 6332: 6325: 6318: 6302: 6298: 6291: 6275: 6271: 6258: 6251: 6244: 6230: 6215: 6202: 6198: 6185: 6174: 6165: 6163: 6154: 6153: 6149: 6132: 6128: 6097: 6084: 6069: 6060: 6049: 6034: 6027: 6011: 6000: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5957: 5949: 5945: 5934: 5925: 5918: 5902: 5887: 5874: 5870: 5859: 5844: 5837: 5823: 5782: 5769: 5670: 5661: 5642: 5635: 5619: 5615: 5607: 5603: 5595: 5588: 5580: 5576: 5569: 5555: 5551: 5544: 5528: 5524: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5503:. L'Harmattan. 5495: 5488: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5459: 5436: 5427: 5425: 5416: 5415: 5411: 5401: 5399: 5386: 5385: 5374: 5366:Wayback Machine 5357: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5337: 5332: 5328: 5322:Ville Nouvelles 5316: 5312: 5302:Andalusi Arabic 5299: 5295: 5282: 5278: 5241: 5237: 5232: 5199:Samuel Pallache 5091:– Professor at 5059:Abdelilah Bagui 5049: 5044: 5031: 5018: 5005: 4992: 4989:, France (2003) 4979: 4976:, Poland (1985) 4966: 4953: 4940: 4927: 4914: 4901: 4888: 4875: 4862: 4851: 4845: 4832: 4808: 4788:Fatima al-Fihri 4746: 4733: 4721: 4674:(also known as 4672:Intercity taxis 4613: 4556: 4551: 4501: 4450:religious music 4430: 4405: 4375: 4302: 4293: 4281:studied at the 4233: 4192: 4168:Sefer Abudarham 4154: 4136: 4125: 4106:Sefer Abudraham 4034: 4008: 4002: 3986: 3967:Bank al-Maghrib 3911: 3885:Roman bathhouse 3862:Place Seffarine 3858:Saffarin Hammam 3850: 3801: 3785: 3735: 3707:Chouara Tannery 3696:Chouara Tannery 3688: 3623: 3617: 3554:Ahmad al-Tijani 3546: 3494:Fatima al-Fihri 3479: 3437:Moulay Abdallah 3421:al-Hamra Mosque 3415:from 1341, the 3411:from 1276, the 3354: 3349: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3340: 3309:King of Morocco 3289: 3281:Main articles: 3279: 3274: 3268: 3260:arrondissements 3256:arrondissements 3220:arrondissements 3207: 3185: 3163: 3141: 3117: 3095: 3077: 3069: 3064: 3048:Arrondissements 3035:arrondissements 3017: 3004:جماعتين حضريتين 2995: 2908: 2862:morphosyntactic 2755: 2727: 2573: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1920: 1852: 1847: 1774: 1738:Ville Nouvelles 1707:Moulay Abdallah 1641: 1639:Colonial period 1628: 1575:Moulay Hassan I 1563:Moulay Hassan I 1536:Ahmad al-Tijani 1478:Kasbah Cherarda 1440:Muhammad al-Haj 1424:Ahmad al-Mansur 1395:retook the city 1352: 1247:Marinid dynasty 1224:Kasbah an-Nouar 1189:Remains of the 1141: 1105:Ziri ibn Atiyya 956: 942: 863:Idrisid dynasty 831: 826: 823:Timeline of Fez 819: 813: 769:Idrisid dynasty 741:Maghrebi script 739:in traditional 718: 706:Chouara Tannery 690:French colonial 680:medina quarters 656: 653: 650: 647: 637:Abu Yusuf Yaqub 605: 602: 599: 596: 529:Atlas Mountains 476: 472: 399: 279:Idrisid dynasty 242: 240: 225: 223: 219: 216: 211: 208: 206: 203: 202: 196: 195: 194: 193: 190: 189: 186: 185: 184: 183: 179: 162: 161: 160: 157: 156: 153: 152: 151: 150: 146: 124: 112:, gates of the 108: 103: 102: 101: 100: 99: 98: 89: 88: 87: 78: 77: 76: 60: 51: 44: 37: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15438: 15428: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15397: 15392: 15375: 15374: 15372: 15371: 15369:Ait-Ben-Haddou 15364: 15362: 15358: 15357: 15355: 15354: 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14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14235:Fès Prefecture 14232: 14227: 14221: 14219: 14213: 14212: 14206: 14203: 14202: 14188: 14187: 14180: 14173: 14165: 14156: 14155: 14153: 14152: 14145: 14143: 14139: 14138: 14135: 14134: 14132: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14116: 14111: 14106: 14101: 14096: 14090: 14088: 14084: 14083: 14081: 14080: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14046: 14044: 14040: 14039: 14037: 14036: 14028: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13993: 13991:Bab Bou Jeloud 13988: 13982: 13980: 13974: 13973: 13971: 13970: 13968:Kasbah Tamdert 13965: 13960: 13955: 13950: 13945: 13940: 13934: 13932: 13926: 13925: 13923: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13906: 13904: 13900: 13899: 13897: 13896: 13891: 13886: 13880: 13878: 13874: 13873: 13871: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13839: 13837: 13833: 13832: 13830: 13829: 13824: 13819: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13778: 13776: 13772: 13771: 13769: 13768: 13766:Museum of Arms 13763: 13758: 13752: 13750: 13746: 13745: 13743: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13701: 13699: 13695: 13694: 13692: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13679:Sahrij Madrasa 13676: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13645: 13643: 13639: 13638: 13636: 13635: 13630: 13624: 13622: 13618: 13617: 13614: 13613: 13611: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13585: 13579: 13577: 13573: 13572: 13570: 13569: 13564: 13562:El-Oued Mosque 13559: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13534: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13513: 13511: 13504: 13497: 13491: 13490: 13488: 13487: 13481: 13479: 13475: 13474: 13471: 13470: 13468: 13467: 13462: 13456: 13454: 13450: 13449: 13447: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13430: 13428: 13421: 13417: 13416: 13414: 13413: 13408: 13403: 13398: 13392: 13390: 13386: 13385: 13383: 13382: 13377: 13371: 13369: 13365: 13364: 13362: 13361: 13356: 13350: 13348: 13342: 13341: 13339: 13338: 13333: 13332:Ville Nouvelle 13330: 13325: 13319: 13317: 13313: 13312: 13305: 13304: 13297: 13290: 13282: 13276: 13275: 13269: 13255: 13244: 13230: 13229:External links 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Go Chengdu. 12405: 12376: 12351: 12322: 12293: 12264: 12235: 12206: 12174: 12154: 12132: 12108: 12076: 12047: 12018: 11993: 11979:. 2019-03-13. 11964: 11936: 11933:on 2017-12-09. 11927:Al-Obour Media 11913: 11888: 11861: 11832: 11803: 11777: 11751: 11722: 11693: 11663: 11638: 11614: 11585: 11560: 11546: 11521: 11499:Staff Writer. 11491: 11466: 11437: 11412: 11383: 11361:Ennaji, Moha. 11353: 11328: 11299: 11269: 11240: 11215: 11190: 11165: 11136: 11111: 11082: 11057: 11028: 11013: 10996: 10971: 10957:. 2017-08-24. 10939: 10932: 10911: 10881:(5): 758–785. 10861: 10844: 10837: 10817: 10800: 10793: 10771: 10764: 10741: 10734: 10712: 10681: 10656: 10649: 10635:Sirat, Colette 10626: 10596: 10578: 10553: 10524: 10482: 10458: 10434: 10417: 10404: 10382: 10353: 10324: 10317: 10290: 10261: 10243: 10212: 10197: 10157: 10118: 10111: 10080: 10061:(2): 155–170. 10045: 10030: 10001: 9972: 9949: 9935:. 2018-07-09. 9920: 9902: 9889:"Batha Palace" 9879: 9850: 9825: 9796: 9767: 9760: 9742: 9733: 9710: 9687: 9662: 9629: 9622: 9602: 9584: 9564: 9541: 9534: 9516: 9500: 9462: 9444: 9414: 9399: 9384: 9355: 9326: 9301: 9271: 9242: 9213: 9184: 9154: 9139: 9132: 9114: 9098: 9079: 9060: 9043: 9014: 8985: 8956: 8927: 8911:www.viator.com 8898: 8891: 8872: 8865: 8845: 8838: 8818: 8786: 8756: 8742:. 2011-11-25. 8725: 8695: 8663: 8633: 8594: 8565: 8530: 8516:. 2021-09-20. 8501: 8488: 8463: 8460:on 1 May 2022. 8440: 8415: 8401:. 2019-03-13. 8386: 8352: 8323: 8289: 8260: 8243: 8202: 8173: 8144: 8137: 8131:. Bloomsbury. 8115: 8108: 8081: 8054:(5): 741–764. 8038: 8011:(3): 321–341. 7988: 7949: 7925: 7893: 7867: 7838: 7812: 7786: 7783:on 2015-10-06. 7765: 7740: 7725: 7700: 7686:. 2014-03-20. 7671: 7642: 7613: 7588: 7581: 7563: 7556: 7538: 7524:. 1990-12-16. 7509: 7487:. 1990-12-17. 7466: 7428: 7414:. 2020-09-18. 7396: 7370: 7363: 7345: 7323: 7296: 7289: 7262: 7247: 7232: 7217: 7199: 7180: 7132: 7125: 7105: 7057: 7050: 7032: 7025: 7005: 6998: 6976: 6947: 6932: 6905: 6871: 6828: 6813: 6792: 6785: 6765: 6758: 6740: 6722: 6704: 6689: 6671: 6664: 6644: 6637: 6614: 6607: 6585: 6572:10.2307/991758 6566:(3): 310–327. 6543: 6528: 6490: 6488:. h.f.ullmann. 6474: 6467: 6440: 6422: 6405: 6398: 6377: 6360: 6323: 6316: 6296: 6289: 6269: 6249: 6242: 6213: 6196: 6172: 6147: 6126: 6107:(4): 591–623. 6082: 6058: 6032: 6025: 5998: 5976: 5943: 5923: 5916: 5885: 5868: 5842: 5835: 5780: 5668: 5640: 5633: 5613: 5601: 5574: 5567: 5549: 5542: 5522: 5509: 5486: 5473: 5434: 5409: 5372: 5359:"Fez, Morocco" 5350: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5336: 5335: 5326: 5310: 5293: 5276: 5244:Kasbah Tamdert 5234: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5226: 5220: 5214: 5208: 5202: 5196: 5190: 5184: 5178: 5171:Mohamed Chafik 5168: 5162: 5156: 5144: 5138: 5132: 5126: 5120: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5086: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5056: 5048: 5047:Notable people 5045: 5043: 5042: 5041:, China (2019) 5029: 5028:, China (2011) 5016: 5003: 4990: 4977: 4964: 4951: 4938: 4937:, Italy (1961) 4925: 4922:East Jerusalem 4912: 4911:, Spain (1990) 4899: 4886: 4885:, China (2015) 4873: 4870:Bobo-Dioulasso 4859: 4844: 4841: 4745: 4742: 4720: 4717: 4709:public transit 4700:Ville Nouvelle 4666:Ville Nouvelle 4633:Ville Nouvelle 4626:, operated by 4612: 4609: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4549:Infrastructure 4547: 4500: 4497: 4429: 4426: 4422:Ville Nouvelle 4410:Ville Nouvelle 4404: 4401: 4388:Kunash al-Haik 4338:Andalusi music 4334:Andalusi nubah 4292: 4289: 4232: 4229: 4226:from Valencia. 4001: 3998: 3985: 3982: 3927:Ville Nouvelle 3919:Ville Nouvelle 3910: 3908:Ville Nouvelle 3905: 3849: 3846: 3824:(also spelled 3800: 3797: 3784: 3781: 3734: 3731: 3687: 3684: 3672:Kasbah Tamdert 3619:Main article: 3616: 3615:Fortifications 3613: 3560:in Fes el-Bali 3545: 3542: 3530:Abu Inan Faris 3478: 3475: 3446:Ville Nouvelle 3353: 3350: 3342: 3341: 3334: 3333: 3332: 3297:Ville Nouvelle 3278: 3275: 3270:Main article: 3267: 3264: 3230:Dar al-Makhzen 3214: 3213: 3210: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3192: 3191: 3188: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3169: 3166: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3151:Jnan El Ouard 3148: 3147: 3144: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3120: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3105:El Mariniyine 3102: 3101: 3098: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3079: 3074: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3058: 3056:Arrondissement 3015:Fez Prefecture 2999:municipalities 2994: 2991: 2907: 2904: 2843:pharyngealized 2754: 2751: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2668: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2580: 2579: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2564: 2556: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2467:sunshine hours 2462: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2418: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2344: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2064: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1994: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1950: 1949: 1939: 1919: 1916: 1881:Ville Nouvelle 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1821:King Hassan II 1813:Ville Nouvelle 1799:Ville Nouvelle 1773: 1770: 1727:Ville Nouvelle 1718:Ville Nouvelle 1696:Ville Nouvelle 1673:Hubert Lyautey 1640: 1637: 1493:Moulay Isma'il 1470:'Alawi dynasty 1391:Ali Abu Hassun 1379:Ottoman Empire 1351: 1348: 1337:. In 1472 the 1312:(known as the 1282:Jewish quarter 1175:Bab Bou Jeloud 1140: 1137: 1135:in the south. 1028:Rawḍ al-Qirṭās 830: 827: 817:History of Fez 815:Main article: 812: 809: 717: 714: 712:in the world. 685:Ville Nouvelle 550:Founded under 460: 459: 456: 455: 452: 451: 446: 442: 441: 439: 435: 434: 431: 427: 426: 423: 419: 418: 415: 411: 410: 405: 401: 400: 395: 392: 391: 388: 387: 384: 378: 377: 367: 361: 360: 357: 350: 349: 347:2nd in Morocco 344: 340: 339: 336: 329: 328: 324: 323: 320: 316: 315: 312: 308: 307: 303: 302: 299: 295: 294: 291: 287: 286: 282: 281: 276: 272: 271: 268: 264: 263: 258: 252: 251: 238: 234: 233: 198: 197: 187: 181: 180: 173: 172: 166: 165: 164: 163: 154: 148: 147: 140: 139: 133: 132: 131: 130: 129: 126: 125: 104: 92: 91: 90: 81: 80: 79: 70: 69: 68: 67: 66: 65: 62: 61: 56: 53: 52: 45: 42: 35: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15437: 15426: 15423: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15387: 15385: 15370: 15366: 15365: 15363: 15359: 15353: 15349: 15347: 15343: 15340: 15336: 15335: 15333: 15329: 15323: 15312: 15308: 15306: 15302: 15299: 15295: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15283: 15282: 15280: 15276: 15272: 15265: 15260: 15258: 15253: 15251: 15246: 15245: 15242: 15226: 15225:Oued Ed-Dahab 15223: 15221: 15218: 15217: 15215: 15211: 15208: 15206: 15202: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15173: 15171: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15158: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15130: 15129: 15127: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15114: 15104: 15101: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15086: 15085: 15083: 15079: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15065: 15064: 15062: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15049: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15031: 15029: 15026: 15024: 15021: 15019: 15016: 15015: 15013: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15000: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14956: 14954: 14950: 14944: 14941: 14940: 14938: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14925: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14905: 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14481: 14476: 14474: 14469: 14467: 14462: 14461: 14458: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14416: 14413: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14390:Moulay Yacoub 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14310:Ain Taoujdate 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14287: 14285: 14281: 14276: 14266: 14265:Taza Province 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14222: 14220: 14216:Provinces and 14214: 14210: 14204: 14200: 14186: 14181: 14179: 14174: 14172: 14167: 14166: 14163: 14151: 14147: 14146: 14144: 14140: 14130: 14127: 14125: 14122: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14114:Marinid Tombs 14112: 14110: 14107: 14105: 14104:Dar al-Makina 14102: 14100: 14099:Dar al-Magana 14097: 14095: 14092: 14091: 14089: 14085: 14079: 14078: 14073: 14071: 14070:Tala'a Kebira 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14047: 14045: 14041: 14035: 14034: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14021:Bab Semmarine 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13983: 13981: 13979: 13975: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13944: 13941: 13939: 13936: 13935: 13933: 13931: 13927: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13907: 13905: 13901: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13881: 13879: 13875: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13840: 13838: 13834: 13828: 13827:Mnebhi Palace 13825: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13779: 13777: 13773: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13753: 13751: 13747: 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13343: 13337: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13320: 13318: 13314: 13310: 13303: 13298: 13296: 13291: 13289: 13284: 13283: 13280: 13273: 13270: 13268:at Wiktionary 13267: 13266: 13260: 13256: 13253: 13249: 13245: 13242: 13237: 13233: 13232: 13221: 13217: 13212: 13208: 13206:0-8061-1198-4 13202: 13198: 13193: 13192: 13171: 13165: 13161: 13160: 13152: 13137: 13133: 13129: 13122: 13107: 13103: 13096: 13089: 13085: 13082: 13077: 13069: 13063: 13059: 13052: 13036: 13032: 13028: 13021: 13007: 13003: 12996: 12981: 12977: 12976: 12971: 12965: 12957: 12950: 12935: 12931: 12927: 12921: 12913: 12909: 12903: 12895: 12891: 12887: 12886: 12881: 12877: 12871: 12855: 12851: 12845: 12838: 12832: 12817: 12813: 12807: 12800: 12794: 12780:on 2020-04-18 12779: 12775: 12769: 12761: 12755: 12751: 12750: 12742: 12727: 12726: 12721: 12715: 12699: 12695: 12689: 12674: 12670: 12666: 12660: 12653: 12647: 12632: 12628: 12624: 12617: 12609: 12603: 12599: 12595: 12590: 12583: 12568: 12564: 12560: 12554: 12539: 12536:. Wuxi News. 12535: 12531: 12525: 12510: 12506: 12502: 12496: 12481: 12477: 12473: 12467: 12452: 12448: 12447:cm-coimbra.pt 12444: 12438: 12423: 12419: 12415: 12409: 12394: 12390: 12386: 12380: 12365: 12362:(in French). 12361: 12355: 12340: 12336: 12332: 12326: 12311: 12307: 12303: 12297: 12282: 12278: 12274: 12268: 12253: 12249: 12245: 12239: 12224: 12221:(in French). 12220: 12219:Portail USMBA 12216: 12210: 12195: 12192:(in French). 12191: 12190:Portail USMBA 12187: 12181: 12179: 12171: 12167: 12164: 12158: 12152: 12148: 12145: 12141: 12136: 12128: 12127: 12119: 12112: 12097: 12093: 12092: 12087: 12080: 12065: 12061: 12060:Lonely Planet 12057: 12051: 12036: 12032: 12031:Lonely Planet 12028: 12022: 12008:on 2009-02-28 12007: 12003: 11997: 11982: 11978: 11974: 11968: 11953: 11952: 11947: 11940: 11932: 11928: 11924: 11917: 11902: 11898: 11892: 11877: 11876: 11871: 11865: 11850: 11846: 11842: 11836: 11821: 11817: 11813: 11807: 11791: 11787: 11781: 11765: 11761: 11755: 11740: 11736: 11732: 11726: 11711: 11707: 11703: 11697: 11681: 11677: 11673: 11667: 11652: 11648: 11642: 11634: 11633: 11628: 11621: 11619: 11603: 11599: 11595: 11589: 11574: 11570: 11564: 11556: 11550: 11535: 11531: 11525: 11510: 11506: 11502: 11495: 11480: 11476: 11470: 11455: 11451: 11450:Lonely Planet 11447: 11441: 11426: 11422: 11416: 11401: 11397: 11393: 11387: 11372: 11368: 11364: 11357: 11342: 11338: 11332: 11317: 11313: 11312:Lonely Planet 11309: 11303: 11288: 11284: 11280: 11273: 11259:on 2021-11-01 11258: 11254: 11250: 11244: 11229: 11225: 11219: 11204: 11200: 11194: 11179: 11175: 11169: 11155:on 2020-10-01 11154: 11150: 11146: 11140: 11125: 11121: 11115: 11100: 11096: 11092: 11086: 11071: 11067: 11061: 11046: 11042: 11038: 11032: 11024: 11020: 11016: 11014:2-85816-657-9 11010: 11006: 11000: 10986:on 2021-10-08 10985: 10981: 10975: 10960: 10956: 10952: 10951:"Composition" 10946: 10944: 10935: 10933:1-873938-49-7 10929: 10925: 10918: 10916: 10900: 10896: 10892: 10888: 10884: 10880: 10876: 10872: 10865: 10857: 10856: 10848: 10840: 10834: 10830: 10829: 10821: 10813: 10812: 10804: 10796: 10790: 10786: 10782: 10775: 10767: 10761: 10757: 10756: 10748: 10746: 10737: 10731: 10727: 10723: 10716: 10702:on 2019-04-20 10701: 10697: 10696: 10691: 10685: 10671:on 2019-12-15 10670: 10666: 10660: 10652: 10646: 10642: 10641: 10636: 10630: 10615: 10611: 10610:blogs.loc.gov 10607: 10600: 10585: 10581: 10575: 10571: 10570: 10562: 10560: 10558: 10542: 10538: 10534: 10528: 10520: 10514: 10499: 10495: 10494: 10486: 10471: 10470: 10462: 10447: 10446: 10438: 10430: 10429: 10421: 10407: 10401: 10397: 10393: 10386: 10371: 10368:(in French). 10367: 10363: 10357: 10342: 10339:(in French). 10338: 10334: 10328: 10320: 10314: 10310: 10306: 10299: 10297: 10295: 10279: 10276:(in French). 10275: 10271: 10265: 10250: 10246: 10240: 10236: 10235: 10227: 10225: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10217: 10208: 10201: 10183: 10179: 10175: 10168: 10161: 10146: 10142: 10138: 10134: 10127: 10125: 10123: 10114: 10108: 10104: 10100: 10093: 10091: 10089: 10087: 10085: 10076: 10072: 10068: 10064: 10060: 10056: 10049: 10041: 10034: 10019: 10015: 10011: 10005: 9990: 9986: 9982: 9976: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9958: 9953: 9938: 9934: 9930: 9924: 9916: 9909: 9907: 9898: 9894: 9890: 9883: 9868: 9864: 9860: 9854: 9839: 9836:(in French). 9835: 9829: 9814: 9810: 9806: 9800: 9785: 9781: 9777: 9776:"Alami House" 9771: 9763: 9761:2-7475-2388-8 9757: 9753: 9746: 9737: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9719: 9714: 9707: 9703: 9699: 9696: 9691: 9684: 9680: 9676: 9673: 9671:البرج الشمالي 9666: 9659: 9655: 9651: 9648: 9633: 9625: 9619: 9615: 9614: 9606: 9591: 9587: 9581: 9577: 9576: 9568: 9561: 9557: 9553: 9550: 9545: 9537: 9535:0-521-33767-4 9531: 9527: 9520: 9513: 9509: 9504: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9477: 9473: 9466: 9459: 9453: 9451: 9449: 9432: 9428: 9424: 9418: 9410: 9403: 9395: 9388: 9373: 9369: 9365: 9359: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9330: 9319: 9312: 9305: 9290: 9286: 9282: 9275: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9246: 9232:on 2021-10-20 9231: 9227: 9223: 9217: 9202: 9199:(in French). 9198: 9194: 9188: 9173: 9169: 9165: 9158: 9150: 9143: 9135: 9129: 9125: 9118: 9111: 9107: 9102: 9095: 9091: 9088: 9083: 9076:(2): 355–363. 9075: 9071: 9064: 9056: 9055: 9047: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9018: 9003: 8999: 8995: 8989: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8960: 8945: 8941: 8937: 8931: 8916: 8912: 8908: 8902: 8894: 8888: 8884: 8883: 8876: 8868: 8862: 8858: 8857: 8849: 8841: 8835: 8831: 8830: 8822: 8807: 8803: 8802: 8797: 8790: 8775: 8772:(in French). 8771: 8767: 8760: 8745: 8741: 8740: 8735: 8729: 8715:on 2021-10-16 8714: 8710: 8706: 8699: 8685:on 2021-04-04 8681: 8674: 8667: 8652: 8648: 8644: 8637: 8622: 8619:(in French). 8618: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8598: 8583: 8579: 8575: 8569: 8551: 8547: 8540: 8534: 8519: 8515: 8512:(in French). 8511: 8505: 8491: 8485: 8481: 8480: 8472: 8470: 8468: 8459: 8455: 8449: 8447: 8445: 8429: 8425: 8419: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8390: 8375: 8371: 8367: 8363: 8356: 8341: 8337: 8333: 8327: 8312: 8308: 8304: 8300: 8293: 8279:on 2021-11-01 8278: 8274: 8273:archinfos.com 8270: 8264: 8250: 8246: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8228: 8224: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8191: 8188:(in French). 8187: 8186:Qalam Wa Lawh 8183: 8177: 8162: 8158: 8154: 8148: 8140: 8134: 8130: 8126: 8119: 8111: 8105: 8102:. Routledge. 8101: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8077: 8073: 8069: 8065: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8042: 8034: 8030: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8014: 8010: 8006: 7999: 7997: 7995: 7993: 7984: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7968: 7964: 7960: 7953: 7939: 7935: 7929: 7914: 7910: 7909: 7904: 7897: 7881: 7877: 7871: 7855: 7851: 7845: 7843: 7826: 7822: 7816: 7800: 7796: 7790: 7782: 7778: 7772: 7770: 7755:on 2012-11-18 7754: 7750: 7744: 7736: 7729: 7721: 7715: 7713: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7705: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7675: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7646: 7631: 7627: 7623: 7617: 7602: 7599:(in French). 7598: 7592: 7584: 7578: 7574: 7567: 7559: 7553: 7549: 7542: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7513: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7481: 7476: 7470: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7403: 7401: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7384: 7377: 7375: 7366: 7360: 7356: 7349: 7342:. Flammarion. 7341: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7328: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7300: 7292: 7286: 7282: 7281: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7258: 7251: 7243: 7236: 7228: 7221: 7213: 7206: 7204: 7195: 7191: 7184: 7176: 7172: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7147:Urban Studies 7141: 7139: 7137: 7128: 7122: 7118: 7117: 7109: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7061: 7053: 7047: 7043: 7036: 7028: 7026:90-04-06295-5 7022: 7018: 7017: 7009: 7001: 6999:0-7146-4949-X 6995: 6992:. Routledge. 6991: 6987: 6980: 6966:on 2020-04-10 6965: 6961: 6957: 6951: 6943: 6939: 6935: 6929: 6925: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6875: 6857: 6853: 6846: 6839: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6810: 6806: 6799: 6797: 6788: 6782: 6778: 6777: 6769: 6761: 6755: 6751: 6744: 6736: 6729: 6727: 6718: 6711: 6709: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6686: 6682: 6675: 6667: 6661: 6657: 6656: 6648: 6640: 6634: 6630: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6610: 6604: 6601:. Routledge. 6600: 6596: 6589: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6539: 6532: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6497: 6495: 6487: 6481: 6479: 6470: 6464: 6460: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6436: 6429: 6427: 6420: 6416: 6415: 6409: 6401: 6395: 6391: 6384: 6382: 6375: 6372:, p. 459, at 6371: 6370: 6364: 6346: 6339: 6338: 6330: 6328: 6319: 6313: 6309: 6308: 6300: 6292: 6286: 6283:. Routledge. 6282: 6281: 6273: 6267: 6264:, p. 252, at 6263: 6262: 6256: 6254: 6245: 6239: 6235: 6228: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6220: 6218: 6211: 6207: 6206: 6200: 6192: 6191: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6161: 6158:(in French). 6157: 6151: 6143: 6139: 6138: 6130: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6078: 6074: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6054: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6028: 6026:0-521-33767-4 6022: 6018: 6017: 6009: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5980: 5963: 5956: 5955: 5947: 5939: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5919: 5913: 5909: 5908: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5890: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5872: 5864: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5838: 5832: 5828: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5776: 5775: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5665: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5636: 5630: 5626: 5625: 5617: 5610: 5605: 5594: 5587: 5586: 5578: 5570: 5564: 5560: 5553: 5545: 5539: 5535: 5534: 5526: 5512: 5506: 5502: 5501: 5493: 5491: 5476: 5474:2-7233-0159-1 5470: 5466: 5465: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5423: 5419: 5413: 5397: 5393: 5390:(in French). 5389: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5370: 5367: 5363: 5360: 5355: 5351: 5330: 5323: 5319: 5314: 5307: 5306:Judeo-Spanish 5303: 5297: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5273: 5272:gunpowder age 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5239: 5235: 5224: 5221: 5218: 5215: 5212: 5211:Touria Chaoui 5209: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5194: 5191: 5188: 5187:Rachid Yazami 5185: 5182: 5179: 5176: 5172: 5169: 5166: 5165:Mehdi Bennani 5163: 5160: 5159:Karim Bennani 5157: 5154: 5153: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5105:Akram Roumani 5103: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5090: 5089:Adnane Remmal 5087: 5084: 5081: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5014: 5009: 5004: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4850: 4840: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4820: 4818: 4812: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4780: 4778: 4774: 4773:middle school 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4750: 4741: 4739: 4727: 4716: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4669: 4667: 4661: 4657: 4652: 4651:gare routière 4647: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4625: 4620: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4569:Latin America 4564: 4561: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4496: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4466: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4457: 4451: 4447: 4439: 4434: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4400: 4394: 4389: 4385: 4379: 4374: 4370: 4369: 4362: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4312: 4306: 4301: 4299: 4288: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4272: 4267: 4266: 4260: 4258: 4253: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4225: 4220: 4216: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4203: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4170: 4169: 4164: 4160: 4149: 4145: 4144:Isaac al-Fasi 4142: 4131: 4120: 4116: 4108: 4107: 4101: 4097: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4060:hagiographies 4057: 4053: 4048: 4047: 4041: 4032: 4031:Abd al-Rahman 4023: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3981: 3979: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3943: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3920: 3915: 3909: 3904: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3889:changing room 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3863: 3860:, located at 3859: 3854: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3818: 3814: 3813:caravanserais 3810: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3780: 3776: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3745: 3740: 3726: 3722: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3697: 3692: 3683: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3652:Bab Semmarine 3649: 3645: 3640: 3636: 3627: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3609:Marinid Tombs 3606: 3600: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3581: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3550: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3506:Maliki school 3503: 3499: 3495: 3487: 3483: 3474: 3472: 3467: 3466:Moroccan Jews 3463: 3459: 3455: 3450: 3447: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3405: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3372:in the Mellah 3371: 3366: 3358: 3344: 3338: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3324:Medina of Fez 3322:) designated 3321: 3317: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3284: 3277:Medina of Fez 3273: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3242: 3238: 3237: 3232: 3231: 3224: 3221: 3211: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3125: 3121: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3036: 3031: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2949: 2945: 2942:known as the 2941: 2937: 2936:Tala'a Kebira 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2912: 2903: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2794: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2764: 2760: 2750: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2731: 2716: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2581: 2576: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465:Mean monthly 2463: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2350: 2349:precipitation 2345: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2205: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2135: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1951: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1861: 1856: 1842: 1840: 1834: 1831: 1826: 1825:Years of Lead 1822: 1817: 1814: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1739: 1733: 1728: 1719: 1714: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1703: 1697: 1692: 1691: 1686: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1661:Treaty of Fes 1658: 1650: 1645: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1587:Dar al-Makina 1584: 1580: 1576: 1568: 1567:Dar al-Makina 1564: 1561:, created by 1560: 1555: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1513: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1474:Moulay Rashid 1471: 1463: 1459: 1458:Moulay Rashid 1454: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1435: 1433: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1316: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1302: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1261: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1227: 1225: 1220: 1216: 1213: 1208: 1207:Abd al-Mu'min 1204: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1183: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1167: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1023: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1001: 996: 992: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 960: 955: 953: 946: 941: 939: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 909: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 882:failed revolt 879: 875: 871: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 844: 840: 835: 824: 818: 808: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 765: 763: 759: 755: 751: 742: 732: 723: 713: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 686: 681: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 659:), where the 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 613: 591: 587: 584: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 548: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 509: 503: 494: 488: 470: 466: 457: 453: 450: 447: 443: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 409: 408:Medina of Fez 406: 404:Official name 402: 398: 393: 389: 385: 383: 379: 375: 371: 368: 366: 362: 358: 356: 353: • 351: 348: 345: 341: 337: 335: 332: • 330: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 283: 280: 277: 273: 269: 265: 262: 259: 257: 253: 250: 239: 235: 230: 201:Coordinates: 199: 170: 137: 127: 119: 115: 111: 107: 96: 85: 74: 63: 59: 54: 40: 34: 30: 19: 15395:Fez, Morocco 15285: 14899:Sidi Bennour 14785:Sidi Slimane 14663: 14519:M'diq-Fnideq 14415:Sebt Jahjouh 14410:Sabaa Aiyoun 14405:Outat El Haj 14208: 14094:Borj Neffara 14074: 14030: 13858:Funduq Sagha 13848:Funduq Barka 13822:Jamai Palace 13807:Dar Belghazi 13802:Dar el-Beida 13756:Batha Museum 13567:R'cif Mosque 13557:Diwan Mosque 13453:Sport venues 13439:Wydad de Fès 13316:Subdivisions 13309:Fez, Morocco 13308: 13264: 13219: 13216:medina qdima 13215: 13196: 13173:. Retrieved 13158: 13151: 13140:. Retrieved 13131: 13121: 13109:. Retrieved 13106:yabiladi.com 13105: 13095: 13076: 13057: 13051: 13039:. Retrieved 13020: 13009:. Retrieved 13005: 12995: 12984:. Retrieved 12973: 12964: 12955: 12949: 12938:. Retrieved 12929: 12920: 12911: 12902: 12888:. New York: 12883: 12870: 12858:. Retrieved 12844: 12836: 12831: 12820:. Retrieved 12806: 12798: 12793: 12782:. Retrieved 12778:the original 12768: 12748: 12741: 12730:. Retrieved 12728:. 2017-07-31 12723: 12714: 12702:. Retrieved 12698:the original 12688: 12677:. Retrieved 12668: 12659: 12651: 12646: 12635:. Retrieved 12626: 12616: 12593: 12582: 12571:. Retrieved 12562: 12553: 12542:. Retrieved 12533: 12524: 12513:. Retrieved 12504: 12495: 12484:. Retrieved 12475: 12466: 12455:. Retrieved 12446: 12437: 12426:. Retrieved 12418:gochengdu.cn 12417: 12408: 12397:. Retrieved 12388: 12385:"Twin Towns" 12379: 12368:. Retrieved 12354: 12343:. Retrieved 12335:L'Economiste 12334: 12325: 12314:. Retrieved 12306:L'Economiste 12305: 12296: 12285:. Retrieved 12276: 12267: 12256:. Retrieved 12247: 12238: 12227:. Retrieved 12218: 12209: 12198:. Retrieved 12189: 12157: 12135: 12124: 12111: 12100:. Retrieved 12089: 12079: 12068:. Retrieved 12059: 12050: 12039:. Retrieved 12030: 12021: 12010:. Retrieved 12006:the original 11996: 11985:. Retrieved 11976: 11967: 11956:. Retrieved 11949: 11939: 11931:the original 11926: 11916: 11905:. Retrieved 11900: 11891: 11880:. Retrieved 11873: 11864: 11853:. Retrieved 11844: 11835: 11824:. Retrieved 11815: 11806: 11794:. Retrieved 11789: 11780: 11768:. Retrieved 11763: 11754: 11743:. Retrieved 11734: 11725: 11714:. Retrieved 11705: 11696: 11684:. Retrieved 11680:the original 11675: 11666: 11655:. Retrieved 11650: 11641: 11630: 11606:. Retrieved 11597: 11588: 11577:. Retrieved 11563: 11554: 11549: 11538:. Retrieved 11524: 11513:. Retrieved 11504: 11494: 11483:. Retrieved 11469: 11458:. Retrieved 11449: 11440: 11429:. Retrieved 11415: 11404:. Retrieved 11395: 11386: 11375:. Retrieved 11366: 11356: 11345:. Retrieved 11331: 11320:. Retrieved 11311: 11302: 11291:. Retrieved 11282: 11272: 11261:. Retrieved 11257:the original 11252: 11243: 11232:. Retrieved 11218: 11207:. Retrieved 11193: 11182:. Retrieved 11168: 11157:. Retrieved 11153:the original 11148: 11139: 11128:. Retrieved 11114: 11103:. Retrieved 11094: 11085: 11074:. Retrieved 11060: 11049:. Retrieved 11040: 11031: 11004: 10999: 10988:. Retrieved 10984:the original 10974: 10963:. Retrieved 10954: 10923: 10903:. Retrieved 10878: 10874: 10864: 10854: 10847: 10827: 10820: 10814:(in Arabic). 10810: 10808:Islamkotob. 10803: 10784: 10774: 10754: 10725: 10715: 10704:. Retrieved 10700:the original 10693: 10684: 10673:. Retrieved 10669:the original 10659: 10639: 10629: 10618:. Retrieved 10609: 10599: 10588:. Retrieved 10568: 10545:. Retrieved 10536: 10527: 10502:. Retrieved 10492: 10485: 10474:. Retrieved 10468: 10461: 10450:. Retrieved 10444: 10437: 10427: 10420: 10409:. 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Retrieved 5369:Weatherbase. 5368: 5354: 5329: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5296: 5279: 5238: 5223:Yves Lacoste 5151: 5135:Hamid Chabat 5099:Ahmad Zarruq 5083:Adel Taarabt 4852: 4821: 4796: 4792:Muslim world 4781: 4755: 4722: 4706: 4697: 4690:Sidi Harazem 4677:grands taxis 4663: 4640:and west to 4621: 4614: 4585: 4565: 4560:green spaces 4557: 4536: 4525: 4513:Wydad de Fès 4503:Fez has two 4502: 4486: 4477: 4467: 4460: 4454: 4443: 4421: 4409: 4406: 4367: 4329: 4298:tarab al-āla 4296: 4294: 4283: 4276: 4263: 4261: 4250: 4200: 4187: 4166: 4112: 4104: 4093: 4083: 4077: 4051: 4044: 4042: 4027: 4019: 3996:of Africa." 3987: 3975: 3963:Neoclassical 3946: 3944: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3924: 3918: 3907: 3866: 3842:Funduq Sagha 3825: 3808: 3804: 3802: 3793:Dar el-Beida 3786: 3777: 3765:Palais Jamaï 3764: 3761:Jamai Palace 3742: 3738: 3736: 3700: 3664: 3648:Bab Dekkakin 3632: 3601: 3578: 3569: 3565: 3563: 3514:Abu al-Hasan 3491: 3451: 3441:R'cif Mosque 3429:Abu al-Hasan 3406: 3375: 3323: 3313: 3296: 3290: 3259: 3255: 3245: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3219: 3217: 3055: 3047: 3034: 3032: 2996: 2987:West African 2952: 2947: 2917: 2885: 2874: 2846:glottal stop 2827:phonological 2822: 2820: 2802: 2792: 2781: 2756: 2736: 2725:Demographics 2351:mm (inches) 1934: 1924:Middle Atlas 1921: 1897: 1885: 1879: 1865: 1835: 1818: 1775: 1762:World War II 1754:R'cif Mosque 1750:Berber Dahir 1743: 1723: 1717: 1700: 1688: 1681: 1654: 1649:Abd al-Hafid 1605: 1591: 1572: 1547: 1539: 1529: 1522: 1516: 1504: 1490: 1467: 1436: 1428: 1416:Abu Abdullah 1408:Abd al-Malik 1368: 1328: 1313: 1299: 1291: 1285: 1284:of Fez, the 1279: 1244: 1201:In 1145 the 1200: 1164: 1156: 1152: 1142: 1128: 1124: 1100: 1096: 1094: 1054: 1026: 1005: 984: 980: 950: 936: 932: 910: 893: 884:against the 850: 848: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 776: 772: 766: 749: 730: 719: 677: 614: 552:Idrisid rule 549: 536: 519:. It is the 468: 464: 463: 205:(1,100,000) 188:Fez (Africa) 114:Royal Palace 105: 33: 15060:Prefectures 15052:Souss-Massa 14856:Prefectures 14814:Béni-Mellal 14737:Prefectures 14657:Prefectures 14589:Oujda-Angad 14555:Chefchaouen 14507:Prefectures 14305:Ain Cheggag 14218:prefectures 14016:Bab Mahrouk 13986:Bab al-Amer 13953:Dar Dbibegh 13576:Fes el-Jdid 13510:Fes el-Bali 13460:Fez Stadium 13328:Fes el-Jdid 13323:Fes el-Bali 13041:28 December 12389:fescity.com 12248:Etudiant.ma 11954:(in Arabic) 11653:(in French) 8612: [ 8309:: 167–240. 7831:10 November 7735:Fès, Meknès 7340:Fès, Meknès 7257:Fès, Meknès 6854:: 245–318. 5289:Banu Ma'qil 5141:Isaac Uziel 5000:Saint-Louis 4987:Montpellier 4833: [ 4809: [ 4656:Bab Mahrouk 4622:The city's 4543:Nationale 1 4397:كناش الحائك 4376: [ 4303: [ 4208:Muhammad IV 4193: [ 4174:ספר אבודרהם 4155: 1220 4137: 1012 4068:genealogies 4064:biographies 4062:(religious 3951:neo-Moorish 3749:Dar 'Adiyil 3656:Bab al-Amer 3644:Bab Mahrouk 3518:Al-Attarine 3301:walled city 3283:Fes el Bali 3018: [ 2866:inflections 1892:Sebou River 1872:Fes el-Bali 1860:Fes el-Bali 1702:Dar Dbibegh 1629: [ 1512:Dar Dbibegh 1488:, in 1670. 1270:Jews of Fez 1153:Madinat Fas 1129:Madinat Fas 1097:Madinat Fas 1037:Banu Zanata 983:, known as 957: [ 943: [ 933:Madinat Fas 851:Madinat Fas 762:Ibn Abi Zar 608:) quarter, 590:Fes el-Bali 449:Arab States 301:Said Zniber 224: / 118:Fes el Bali 15384:Categories 15344:Medina of 15337:Medina of 15296:Medina of 15284:Medina of 15033:Ouarzazate 15018:Errachidia 14989:Youssoufia 14936:Prefecture 14894:Benslimane 14868:Mohammedia 14863:Casablanca 14780:Sidi Kacem 14649:Fès-Meknès 14582:Prefecture 14545:Al Hoceïma 14535:Fahs-Anjra 14395:Oued Amlil 14295:Ahermoumou 14011:Bab Guissa 13996:Bab Chorfa 13938:City walls 13812:Dar Glaoui 13787:Dar Adiyel 13621:Synagogues 13175:12 January 13142:2022-06-05 13011:2024-03-08 12986:2022-06-05 12940:2017-12-16 12860:16 October 12822:2021-09-15 12784:2010-02-16 12732:2024-04-07 12704:30 October 12679:2022-06-05 12637:2022-06-05 12573:2020-12-02 12544:2020-12-02 12515:2020-12-02 12486:2020-12-02 12457:2020-12-02 12428:2020-12-02 12399:2020-12-02 12370:2020-09-21 12345:2020-09-21 12316:2020-09-21 12287:2020-09-21 12258:2020-09-21 12229:2020-09-21 12200:2020-09-21 12102:2023-05-11 12070:2020-09-21 12041:2020-09-21 12012:2009-05-05 11987:2020-09-21 11958:2023-12-28 11907:2023-12-28 11882:2023-12-28 11855:2021-09-15 11826:2021-09-15 11796:1 December 11770:1 December 11745:2021-09-15 11716:2021-09-15 11657:2023-12-26 11608:2021-10-21 11579:2021-10-21 11540:2021-10-21 11515:2021-10-21 11485:2021-10-21 11460:2021-10-21 11431:2021-10-21 11406:2021-10-21 11377:2021-10-21 11347:2021-10-20 11322:2021-10-20 11293:2021-10-21 11263:2021-10-21 11234:2021-10-21 11209:2021-10-20 11184:2021-10-20 11159:2021-10-21 11130:2021-10-21 11105:2021-10-21 11076:2021-10-21 11051:2021-11-03 10990:2021-11-03 10965:2021-07-22 10905:2023-10-02 10706:2021-11-02 10675:2021-11-02 10620:2021-11-03 10590:2020-06-15 10547:2021-11-03 10504:2021-11-03 10476:2021-11-17 10452:2021-11-17 10411:2021-11-17 10376:2021-10-20 10347:2021-10-20 10284:2021-10-20 10255:2021-10-20 10191:2020-09-16 10151:2020-09-16 10101:. London: 10024:2020-04-07 9995:2020-04-07 9943:2019-05-09 9873:2020-01-24 9844:2020-06-15 9819:2021-09-29 9790:2020-01-24 9616:. Marsam. 9596:2020-06-15 9494:2023-08-06 9378:2021-01-12 9349:2021-01-12 9295:2021-01-12 9265:2021-02-12 9236:2021-10-20 9207:2021-02-12 9178:2021-09-29 9070:Al-Andalus 9037:2021-09-29 9008:2021-09-29 8979:2021-09-29 8950:2021-10-20 8921:2021-10-20 8812:2023-08-06 8801:Al Jazeera 8780:2021-10-16 8750:2021-10-16 8719:2021-10-16 8689:2021-10-16 8657:2021-10-16 8627:2021-10-16 8588:2021-10-16 8559:2021-10-16 8524:2021-10-16 8495:2021-10-16 8434:2021-10-16 8409:2020-09-21 8380:2020-09-21 8346:2020-09-21 8317:2020-09-21 8283:2021-09-20 8255:2023-08-06 8196:2021-09-20 8167:2021-09-20 7944:2023-11-29 7919:2023-11-07 7880:ogimet.com 7759:2014-09-13 7694:2020-03-31 7665:2020-03-31 7636:2021-01-10 7607:2021-01-10 7532:2021-01-10 7503:2021-01-10 7460:2021-09-29 7422:2020-09-21 7196:(4): 5–11. 7099:2021-09-30 6970:2020-06-25 6899:2019-11-18 6865:2021-09-29 6823:1139892409 6354:2012-02-25 6166:2020-03-31 6079:: 119–142. 5971:2023-05-23 5516:2021-11-17 5480:2021-11-17 5428:2017-09-20 5341:References 5285:Banu Hilal 5268:Portuguese 5266:(probably 5123:Anas Zniti 5118:common law 4898:, Portugal 4847:See also: 4713:bus routes 4646:Casablanca 4595:, and the 4482:catafalque 4159:Maimonides 4126: 990 4018:Sufi text 4014:A copy of 4004:See also: 4000:Literature 3939:roundabout 3921:(New City) 3879:, and the 3828:) and the 3773:Dar Glaoui 3753:Dar Mnebhi 3635:crenelated 3595:, and the 3532:built the 3522:Mesbahiyya 3439:, and the 3128:Fès-Médina 3068:Population 3063:Population 3007:, French: 2993:Government 2872:singular. 2860:/. On the 2778:vernacular 2559:Source 1: 1786:Casablanca 1782:Casablanca 1665:1912 riots 1612:modernist 1598:Abdelhafid 1315:Megorashim 1191:city walls 1145:Almoravids 1041:Almoravids 989:Bab Guissa 929:al-Hakam I 752:, meaning 568:al-Andalus 430:Designated 327:Population 285:Government 275:Founded by 261:Fez-Meknes 212:05°00′12″W 209:34°02′36″N 15346:Marrakesh 15339:Essaouira 15305:Volubilis 15213:Provinces 15191:Es Semara 15169:Provinces 15147:Sidi Ifni 15125:Provinces 15088:Taroudant 15081:Provinces 15011:Provinces 14974:Essaouira 14964:Chichaoua 14952:Provinces 14943:Marrakesh 14914:El Jadida 14889:Berrechid 14877:Provinces 14819:Khouribga 14807:Provinces 14775:Khémisset 14763:Provinces 14685:Boulemane 14678:Provinces 14598:Provinces 14528:Provinces 14345:El Menzel 14300:Ain Aicha 14207:Capital: 14026:Bab Segma 14006:Bab Ftouh 13943:Borj Nord 13877:Tanneries 13817:Dar Moqri 13797:Dar Batha 13495:Landmarks 13389:Education 13368:Transport 13132:BBC Sport 12669:Eurosport 12565:. Xi'an. 12563:xa.gov.cn 11901:LesEco.ma 11706:SoccerWay 11598:LesEco.ma 11023:496273089 10895:149949424 10513:cite book 10366:Bladi.net 10180:: 61–78. 10103:Routledge 10075:111065262 9729:Bloomberg 9484:0261-3077 9437:22 August 9368:GCatholic 8965:"Morocco" 8770:Médias 24 8609:Médias 24 8578:LesEco.ma 8076:147855077 8068:1362-9387 8033:144607607 8025:0047-4045 7983:1558-741X 7934:"Morocco" 7805:5 October 7493:0362-4331 7175:145686603 7089:1969-248X 6942:855022840 6699:1873-9830 6683:. Brill. 6121:219625871 5402:9 October 5346:Citations 5252:Borj Nord 5248:Bab Ftouh 4802:faculties 4769:preschool 4744:Education 4719:Utilities 4686:Bab Ftouh 4611:Transport 4573:Venezuela 4523:stadium. 4468:Multiple 4428:Festivals 4315:طرب الآلة 4141:Talmudist 3947:mauresque 3897:warm room 3893:cold room 3834:Tetouanis 3757:Dar Moqri 3686:Tanneries 3676:Borj Nord 3574:sharifian 3266:Landmarks 3027:عمالة فاس 3024:(Arabic: 3013:) in the 3001:(Arabic: 2971:livestock 2924:tanneries 1845:Geography 1839:Fez River 1778:bourgeois 1655:In 1912, 1602:Abdelaziz 1594:Hafidhiya 1583:Dar Batha 1456:Patio of 1359:Borj Nord 1339:Wattasids 1157:al-ʿĀliyá 1133:Bab Ftouh 1125:al-ʿĀliyá 1101:al-ʿĀliyá 1085:Al-Mansur 981:al-ʿĀliyá 977:Christian 894:al-ʿĀliyá 855:Fez River 801:al-ʿĀliyá 793:al-ʿĀliyá 785:al-ʿĀliyá 777:al-ʿĀliyá 716:Etymology 710:tanneries 580:Almoravid 533:Fez River 502:romanized 386:+212 (53) 382:Area code 365:Time zone 338:1,112,072 319:Elevation 15367:Ksar of 15361:Southern 15278:Northern 15220:Aousserd 15186:Boujdour 15176:Laâyoune 15132:Assa-Zag 14959:Al Haouz 14909:Médiouna 14904:Nouaceur 14824:Khénifra 14710:Taounate 14700:El Hajeb 14610:Taourirt 14574:Oriental 14560:Ouezzane 14445:Taounate 14400:Ouislane 14340:El Hajeb 14330:Bouhouda 13948:Borj Sud 13642:Madrasas 13354:Timeline 13136:Archived 13111:June 23, 13084:Archived 13035:Archived 12980:Archived 12934:Archived 12894:Archived 12854:Archived 12816:Archived 12673:Archived 12631:Archived 12567:Archived 12538:Archived 12509:Archived 12480:Archived 12451:Archived 12422:Archived 12393:Archived 12364:Archived 12339:Archived 12310:Archived 12281:Archived 12252:Archived 12223:Archived 12194:Archived 12166:Archived 12147:Archived 12096:Archived 12064:Archived 12035:Archived 11981:Archived 11951:Hespress 11875:Le Matin 11849:Archived 11820:Archived 11739:Archived 11710:Archived 11686:26 April 11602:Archived 11573:Archived 11534:Archived 11509:Archived 11479:Archived 11454:Archived 11425:Archived 11400:Archived 11371:Archived 11341:Archived 11316:Archived 11287:Archived 11228:Archived 11203:Archived 11178:Archived 11124:Archived 11099:Archived 11095:Le Matin 11070:Archived 11045:Archived 10959:Archived 10899:Archived 10722:"Africa" 10637:(1990). 10614:Archived 10584:Archived 10541:Archived 10498:Archived 10370:Archived 10341:Archived 10278:Archived 10249:Archived 10182:Archived 10145:Archived 10018:Archived 9989:Archived 9960:Archived 9937:Archived 9897:Archived 9867:Archived 9838:Archived 9813:Archived 9784:Archived 9721:Archived 9698:Archived 9675:Archived 9650:Archived 9640: : 9590:Archived 9552:Archived 9488:Archived 9431:Archived 9372:Archived 9343:Archived 9318:Archived 9289:Archived 9259:Archived 9201:Archived 9172:Archived 9090:Archived 9031:Archived 9002:Archived 8973:Archived 8944:Archived 8915:Archived 8806:Archived 8774:Archived 8744:Archived 8739:Le Matin 8651:Archived 8621:Archived 8582:Archived 8550:Archived 8518:Archived 8428:Archived 8403:Archived 8374:Archived 8340:Archived 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2813:linguist 2753:Language 2671:Average 2512:Percent 2507:3,086.6 2416:(19.20) 2347:Average 2062:(116.1) 2042:(109.0) 2037:(114.3) 2032:(116.1) 2027:(111.2) 2022:(106.3) 2017:(100.0) 1904:Fes-Saïs 1887:Oued Fes 1876:Fes Jdid 1850:Location 1581:and the 1559:Mechouar 1557:The New 1548:tarboosh 1482:Tafilalt 1432:bastions 1301:Toshavim 1260:madrasas 1255:Fes Jdid 1239:Marinids 1069:Ifriqiya 1063:and the 1049:Marinids 1045:Almohads 1033:Idrisids 1008:Muhammad 913:Andalusi 906:Kairouan 890:Idris II 880:after a 781:Idris II 641:Fes Jdid 621:madrasas 576:Portugal 560:Ifriqiya 537:Oued Fes 422:Criteria 417:Cultural 15331:Central 15298:Tétouan 15181:Tarfaya 15142:Tan-Tan 15137:Guelmim 15038:Tinghir 14984:Rehamna 14770:Kénitra 14635:Guercif 14630:Driouch 14605:Berkane 14550:Larache 14540:Tétouan 14440:Tamedit 14375:Missour 14335:Boulman 14290:Agourai 13749:Museums 13503:Mosques 13478:Culture 13434:MAS Fez 13346:History 12880:"Uziel" 11790:Reuters 11764:Reuters 9968:Archnet 9780:Archnet 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