Knowledge

T44 (classification)

Source πŸ“

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competition and the last stage is assigning the sportsperson to a relevant class. Sometimes the health examination may not be done on site because the nature of the amputation could cause not physically visible alterations to the body. This is especially true for lower limb amputees as it relates to how their limbs align with their hips and the impact this has on their spine and how their skull sits on their spine. During the observation phase involving training or practice, all athletes in this class may be asked to demonstrate their skills in athletics, such as running, jumping or throwing. A determination is then made as to what classification an athlete should compete in. Classifications may be Confirmed or Review status. For athletes who do not have access to a full classification panel, Provisional classification is available; this is a temporary Review classification, considered an indication of class only, and generally used only in lower levels of competition.
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motions, the cause could be a loose socket in the knee or inadequate suspension. In that case, the socket might need replacing or they may need to realign the prosthesis. If they have prolonged heel contact, the cause could be problems with the heel lever in their prosthesis or a worn heel. Increasing heel stiffness or realigning the prosthesis corrects these issues. In some cases, prolonged heel contact or knees remaining fulling extended is a problem with training prosthesis use. Foot drag - often caused by an ill-fitting prosthesis - can be corrected by shortening the length of the prosthesis. Uneven length strides can be a result of problems with hip flexion or insecurity about their walk, both of which can be corrected by physical therapy.
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is largely confined to the sacral region, or involves people who have incomplete lesions at a slightly higher level. This means they can sometimes bear weight on their legs. In 2003, Disabled Sports USA defined this class as, "Is a standing class but not more than 70 points in the lower limbs. Able to maintain Balance when in a challenged standing position. Internationally this class would compete in the 42,43,44 class with other ambulatory classes. Justification: Internationally there is no longer a wheelchair standing class." In some competitions, F8 and F9 classes have been merged as F9, or they compete as F42, F43, or F44.
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with dynamic standing balance. Able to recover in standing when balance is challenged. Not more than 70 points in legs." In 2003, Disabled Sports USA defined this class as, "In a sitting class but not more than 70 points in the lower limbs. Are unable to recover balance in challenged standing position." In Australia, this class means combined lower plus upper limb functional problems. "Minimal disability." It can also mean in Australia that the athlete is "ambulant with moderately reduced function in one or both lower limbs." In Australia, the corresponding class for based on disability type classes are A2, A3, A9, and LAF5.
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confirmed prior to the Games, with exceptions to this policy being dealt with on a case-by-case basis. In case there was a need for classification or reclassification at the Games despite best efforts otherwise, athletics classification was scheduled for September 4 and September 5 at Olympic Stadium. For sportspeople with physical or intellectual disabilities going through classification or reclassification in Rio, their in competition observation event is their first appearance in competition at the Games.
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events, they had shot put, discus, javelin and club throws. No jumping events were on the program for these classes. There was a large range of sportspeople with different disabilities in this class at the 1984 Summer Paralympics. In 1997 in the United States, this class was ambulant for field events It was for people with reduced function in their lower limbs or who had balance problems. People in this class had normal function in their throwing arm.
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shank, and a foot. People in this class can use standard starting blocks because their amputation generally allows for the use of a standard starting position. Use of a specially made carbon fibre running prosthetic leg assists runners in this class in lowering their heart rate compared to using a prosthetic not designed for running. Runners in this class can have lower metabolic costs compared to elite runners over middle and long distances.
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stiffness with deformation in one arm. It means they have limited function in at least two limbs. In terms of functional classification, this means the sportsperson uses a wheelchair, has good sitting balance and has good arm function. For the 1984 Summer Paralympics, LAF3 was defined by the Games organizers as, "Wheelchair bound with normal arm function and good sitting balance."
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in the long jump; men in the A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8 and A9 in the discus; men in A2, A3 and A4 in the discus; men in A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8 and A9 in the javelin; men in A2, A3 and A4 in the javelin; men in A2, A3 and A4 in the shot put; men in A2, A3 and A4 in the high jump; men in A4, A5 and A6 in the high jump; and men in A1, A2, A3 and A4 in the 400 meter race.
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limb amputations effect a person's energy cost for being mobile. To keep their oxygen consumption rate similar to people without lower limb amputations, they need to walk slower. People in this class use around 7% more oxygen to walk or run the same distance as someone without a lower limb amputation.
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Performance wise, a 1999 study of discus throwers found that for F5 to F8 discus throwers, the upper arm tends to be near horizontal at the moment of release of the discus. F5 and F8 discus throwers have less average angular forearm speed than F2 and F4 throwers. F2 and F4 speed is caused by use of
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LAF5 is an Les Autres sports classification. This is an ambulant class for people with normal upper limb functionality but who have balance issues or problems with their lower limbs. Medically, this class includes people with contracture of the hip or knee, paresis of one arm, or kyphoscoliosis. In
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Inside the class, shank length does not impact the distance that male long jumpers can jump. A study comparing the performance of athletics competitors at the 1984 Summer Paralympics found no significant difference in performance times between women in A3 and A4 in the javelin; women in A2, A3 and A4
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In athletics, LAF3 competitors may compete in T44. This is a standing class for people with weakness in one leg muscle or who have joint restrictions. At the 1984 Summer Paralympics, LAF1, LAF2 and LAF3 track athletes had the 60 meters and 400 meter distances on the program. There was a large range
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Members of the ISOD A9 class compete in T42, T43, T44, F42, F43, F44, F56, F57, and F58. The shank length of people in this class can differ dramatically. A study comparing the performance of athletics competitors at the 1984 Summer Paralympics found no significant difference in performance in times
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class with amputations, classification is often based on the anatomical nature of the amputation. The classification system takes several things into account when putting people into this class. These include which limbs are affected, how many limbs are affected, and how much of a limb is missing.
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People in this class are not required to use a starting block. They have an option to start from a standing position, a crouch or a 3-point stance. In relay events involving T40s classes, no baton is used. Instead, a handoff takes place via touch in the exchange zone. People in this class who are
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In javelin, F9 throwers throw the javelin from a standing position and use a javelin that weighs .8 kilograms (1.8 lb). A study of javelin throwers in 2003 found that F9 throwers have angular speeds of the shoulder girdle similar to that of F4, F5, F6, F7, F8 and F3 throwers. Throwers or all
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F9 is a standing wheelchair sport class used in the United States. It is sometimes referred to as Standing F8. This is a standing class for people with neurological disorders, the only one of the nine wheelchair sport classes for standing competitors. The level of spinal cord injury for this class
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F8 is standing wheelchair sport class. The level of spinal cord injury for this class involves people who have incomplete lesions at a slightly higher level. This means they can sometimes bear weight on their legs. In 2002, USA Track & Field defined this class as, "These are standing athletes
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Because of low participation rates in men's T43 races, the class has been combined with the T44 class. The combined class was then called T44, and included both single and double below the knee amputees. There was a push in 2008 to avoid this happening because of a perception that double below knee
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This class competes in T44 and F44. In modern pentathlon, they compete in P44. Shank length for people in this class is not uniform, with competitors having different lengths of leg found below the knee. People in this class use a three-part prosthetic limb when competing in athletics: a socket, a
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While some people in this class may be ambulatory, they generally go through the classification process while using a wheelchair. This is because they often compete from a seated position. Failure to do so could result in them being classified as an ambulatory class competitor. For people in this
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For this class, classification generally has four phases. The first stage of classification is a health examination. For amputees in this class, this is often done on site at a sports training facility or competition. The second stage is observation in practice, the third stage is observation in
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People with arm amputations in this class can have elevated padded blocks to place their stumps on for the start of the race. These blocks need to be in a neutral color or a color similar to that of the track, and they must be placed entirely behind the starting line. Their location needs to be
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LAF3 is an Les Autres sports classification. Sportspeople in this class use wheelchairs on a regular basis as a result of reduced muscle function. They have normal trunk functionality, balance and use of their upper limbs. Medically, this class includes people with hemiparsis, and hip and knee
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The nature of a person's amputations in this class can effect their physiology and sports performance. Because of the potential for balance issues related to having an amputation, during weight training amputees are encouraged to use a spotter when lifting more than 15 pounds (6.8 kg). Lower
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People in this class can have problems with their gait. There are a number of different causes for these issues and suggested ways to modify them. For a gait that has abrupt heel contact, the cause can be excessive heel lever. This can be fixed by realigning their prosthetic foot. For jerky knee
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LAF5 competitors can be classified into several athletics classes including F42, F43, and F44. People in this class have normal functionality in their throwing arm. At the 1984 Summer Paralympics, LAF4, LAF5 and LAF6 track athletes had the 100 meters and 1,500 meters on their program. In field
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The nature of an A9 athletes's amputations can effect their physiology and sports performance. Because of the potential for balance issues related to having an amputation, during weight training amputees are encouraged to use a spotter when lifting more than 15 pounds (6.8 kg). Lower limb
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had a zero classification at the Games policy. This policy was put into place in 2014, with the goal of avoiding last minute changes in classes that would negatively impact athlete training preparations. All competitors needed to be internationally classified with their classification status
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Field events open to this class have included shot put, discus and javelin. In pentathlon, the events for this class have included Shot, Javelin, 200m, Discus, 1500m. For F8 javelin throwers, they can throw the javelin from a standing position and they use a javelin that weights .8 kilograms
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is a strong competitor in the 100m event, winning at the IPC Athletics World Championships in 2011. Richard Browne currently holds the T44 100m world record after coming second to Alan Oliveira with a time of 10.75 at the Paralympic Anniversary Games in London on 28 July 2013. Other notable
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If during a jump the athlete's prosthesis falls off and lands closer to the takeoff board than the athlete, the mark is taken where the prosthesis landed. If prosthesis lands outside the landing zone nearer the board than where athlete landed, the jump counts as a failure.
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practice, this means they have limited function in at least one limb. In terms of functional classification, this means the sportsperson is ambulatory with good arm function. They have issues with balance or reduced function in their lower limbs.
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the elbow flexion to compensate for the shoulder flexion advantage of F5 to F8 throwers. A study of javelin throwers in 2003 found that F8 throwers have angular speeds of the shoulder girdle similar to that of F3, F4, F5, F6, F7 and F9 throwers.
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amputees had a competitive advantage compared to single below knee amputees. Subsequent research related to results for men at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London confirmed this to be the case for both the 200 meters and 400 meters.
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and has roots in a 2003 attempt to address "the overall objective to support and co-ordinate the ongoing development of accurate, reliable, consistent and credible sport focused classification systems and their implementation."
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In field events for this class, athletes are not required to wear a prosthetic. In jumping events, athletes have 60 seconds during which they must complete their jump. During this time, they can adjust their prosthetic.
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amputations effect a person's energy cost for being mobile. To keep their oxygen consumption rate similar to people without lower limb amputations, they need to walk slower. They are also more prone to injuries including
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defines this classification as being for athletes who have the "Single leg below knee amputation. Combined lower plus upper limb amputations. Ambulant with moderately reduced function in one or both lower limbs." The
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People who are Les Autres compete in this class. This includes LAF3 and LAF5 classified athletes. In general, Les Autres classes cover sportspeople with locomotor disabilities regardless of their diagnosis.
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types in this class use a stopboard, making them the only wheelchair class that requires the use of one. In junior events in the United States, the F9 class does not participate in the pentathlon, while
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defined this class in 2011 as: "This class is for any athlete with a lower limb impairment/s that meets minimum disability criteria for: lower limb deficiency (section 4.1.4.a); impaired lower limb
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defined this classification on their website in July 2016 as, "(Lower limb affected by limb deficiency, leg length difference, impaired muscle power or impaired range of movement)".
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People who are amputees compete in this class, including ISOD A4 and A9. In general, track athletes with amputations should consider track surfaces, and avoid asphalt and cinder .
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between men in the A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8 and A9 in the discus; men in A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8 and A9 in the javelin; and men in A8 and A9 in the shot put.
73:, applying to "Single below knee amputation or an athlete who can walk with moderately reduced function in one or both legs." It includes ISOD A4 and A9 classes. 5185: 4880: 4511: 4340: 4267: 4257: 3870: 3677: 2295: 3458: 3352: 3247: 3180: 3067: 2973: 2800: 2479: 4687: 3329: 3101: 2758: 2556: 4017: 3613: 4333: 132: 3929:. Newmarket, ON: Author. Available Federacion Espanola de Deportes de Minusvalidos Fisicos, c/- Ferraz, 16 Bajo, 28008 Madrid, Spain. 3787: 85:. This classification is one of several classifications for athletes with ambulant related disabilities. Similar classifications are 5023: 4680: 2832:
Tweedy, S. M. (2003). The ICF and Classification in Disability Athletics. In R. Madden, S. Bricknell, C. Sykes and L. York (Ed.),
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There are a number of events open to people in this class, often with different qualifying scores for international competitions.
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lower limb amputees are required to wear their leg prosthesis when they are on the track, and they must run. They cannot hop.
2632:"The (Non)sense of the Present-Day Classification System of Sports for the Disabled, Regarding Paralysed and Amputee Athletes" 2247: 4326: 2453: 5304: 4430: 17: 3440:
Chow, J. W., & Mindock, L. A. (1999). Discus throwing performances and medical classification of wheelchair athletes.
5351: 144: 2165: 2153: 123: 115: 122:(section 4.1.5.b); impaired lower limb muscle power (section 4.1.6.b); or leg length difference (section 4.1.7)." The 5004: 4935: 4560: 3853: 3826: 3771: 3136: 3047: 3020: 2953: 2926: 2873: 2857: 2741: 2703: 2611: 2662:
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The 1984 Olympic Scientific Congress proceedings: Eugene, Ore., 19-26 July 1984 : (also: OSC proceedings)
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The 1984 Olympic Scientific Congress proceedings: Eugene, Ore., 19-26 July 1984 : (also: OSC proceedings)
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An Insight into the Acceptable Use & Assessment of Lower-Limb Running Prostheses in Disability Sport
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Paralympic World Cup 2009 Athletics in the T44 class. From left to right, the athletes are
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of sportspeople with different disabilities in this class at the 1984 Summer Paralympics.
42: 8: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 380: 376: 365: 326: 223: 184: 30: 3735: 3418: 3393: 3102:"IPC Athletics Classification Project for Physical Impairments: Final Report - Stage 1" 2327:. Queensland, Australia: International Paralympic Committee. p. 42. Archived from 3983: 2353: 228: 189: 3893: 3849: 3822: 3767: 3739: 3727: 3707: 3647: 3423: 3405: 3132: 3043: 3016: 2949: 2922: 2853: 2781: 2737: 2699: 2607: 2579: 242: 106: 4713: 4359: 4043: 2631: 5330: 4451: 3885: 3719: 3708:"Paralympic Classification: Conceptual Basis, Current Methods, and Research Update" 3413: 2773: 2571: 2530: 2251: 2199: 331: 51: 5015: 4672: 3843: 3816: 3761: 3126: 3037: 3010: 2943: 2916: 2899: 2847: 2731: 2693: 2601: 2322:"Research Report - IPC Athletics Classification Project for Physical Impairments" 339: 47: 4318: 4002: 2273: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 4446: 4441: 4436: 3723: 2198:
holds T44 world records at 200m, 400m and 800m distances. United States runner
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is world record holder in the Women's T44 100m event, while French competitor
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Nolan, Lee; Patritti, Benjamin L.; Stana, Laura; Tweedy, Sean M. (2011).
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Nolan, Lee; Patritti, Benjamin L.; Stana, Laura; Tweedy, Sean M. (2011).
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such that they do not interfere with the start of any other athlete.
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Tweedy, Sean M.; Beckman, Emma M.; Connick, Mark J. (August 2014).
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DeLisa, Joel A.; Gans, Bruce M.; Walsh, Nicholas E. (2005-01-01).
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Functional profile of a wheelchair sportsperson in the F8 class.
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MD, Michael A. Alexander; MD, Dennis J. Matthews (2009-09-18).
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Gilbert, Keith; Schantz, Otto J.; Schantz, Otto (2008-01-01).
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Chow, John W.; Kuenster, Ann F.; Lim, Young-tae (2003-06-01).
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International Paralympic Committee Governing Committee Reports
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Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice
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International Sports Organization for the Disabled. (1993).
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ICF Australian User Guide, Version 1.0, Disability Series
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Foster, Mikayla; Loveridge, Kyle; Turley, Cami (2013).
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Foster, Mikayla; Loveridge, Kyle; Turley, Cami (2013).
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Foster, Mikayla; Loveridge, Kyle; Turley, Cami (2013).
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In throwing events, implement weights are as follows:
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Type of amputation for an A9 classified sportsperson.
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Type of amputation for an A4 classified sportsperson.
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Miller, Mark D.; Thompson, Stephen R. (2014-04-04).
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A profile of disability type of an F8 sportsperson.
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International Medical Society of Paraplegia 3814: 2276:. Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee 2236: 627: 573: 3591:Mesa Association of Sports for the Disabled 2266: 5038: 5024: 4695: 4681: 4341: 4327: 4025: 4011: 3497:"OFFICIAL GUIDE & RULES OF GAMES 2006" 2103:2014 IPC Athletics European Championships 2084:2016 IPC Athletics European Championships 1950:2014 IPC Athletics European Championships 1931:2014 IPC Athletics European Championships 1912:2016 IPC Athletics European Championships 1893:2016 IPC Athletics European Championships 1740:2014 IPC Athletics European Championships 1721:2016 IPC Athletics European Championships 1626:2014 IPC Athletics European Championships 1607:2016 IPC Athletics European Championships 1453:2014 IPC Athletics European Championships 1434:2014 IPC Athletics European Championships 1415:2016 IPC Athletics European Championships 1262:2014 IPC Athletics European Championships 1243:2014 IPC Athletics European Championships 1224:2016 IPC Athletics European Championships 1205:2016 IPC Athletics European Championships 1071:2014 IPC Athletics European Championships 1052:2014 IPC Athletics European Championships 1033:2016 IPC Athletics European Championships 1014:2016 IPC Athletics European Championships 842:2014 IPC Athletics European Championships 823:2014 IPC Athletics European Championships 804:2016 IPC Athletics European Championships 785:2016 IPC Athletics European Championships 3788:"CLASSIFICATION Information for Athletes" 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3417: 3124: 3035: 2897: 2534: 3635: 3504:GAELIC ATHLETICS & CYCLE ASSOCIATION 3452: 3450: 3398:Journal of Sports Science & Medicine 3174: 3172: 2845: 2630:van Eijsden-Besseling, M. D. F. (1985). 2603:Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2288: 386: 338: 330: 227: 188: 41: 29: 3984:"Oliveira breaks T43 100m world record" 3961:Davies, Gareth A Davies (26 Jan 2011). 3225: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3061: 3059: 2967: 2965: 2245: 2065:2015 IPC Athletics World Championships 2046:2015 IPC Athletics World Championships 1874:2015 IPC Athletics World Championships 1855:2015 IPC Athletics World Championships 1702:2015 IPC Athletics World Championships 1588:2015 IPC Athletics World Championships 1396:2015 IPC Athletics World Championships 1377:2015 IPC Athletics World Championships 1186:2015 IPC Athletics World Championships 1167:2015 IPC Athletics World Championships 995:2015 IPC Athletics World Championships 976:2015 IPC Athletics World Championships 766:2015 IPC Athletics World Championships 747:2015 IPC Athletics World Championships 309: 14: 5344: 3868: 3810: 3808: 3712:Paralympic Sports Medicine and Science 3597: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3323: 3321: 3319: 2941: 2874:"Paralympic classifications explained" 2687: 2685: 2683: 2595: 2593: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2319: 2172: 2152:The classification was created by the 178: 5019: 4676: 4322: 4006: 3672: 3670: 3457:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011). 3447: 3351:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011). 3246:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011). 3179:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011). 3169: 3120: 3118: 3066:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011). 2972:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011). 2799:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011). 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2698:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2625: 2623: 2599: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2478:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011). 2370: 2301:. Sydney, Australia. 16 November 2011 3942:. International Paralympic Committee 3344: 3334:New South Wales Department of Sports 3206: 3056: 3008: 2962: 2891: 2792: 2473: 2471: 159: 3878:Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 3805: 3532: 3510: 3484: 3378: 3316: 3239: 3029: 2866: 2826: 2766:Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 2680: 2590: 2564:Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 2543: 2419: 24: 3685:International Paralympic Committee 3667: 3576: 3554: 3115: 2904:. Nederlandse Invaliden Sportbond. 2712: 2620: 2505: 2296:"Classification Information Sheet" 2203:competitors in this class include 2166:International Paralympic Committee 2154:International Paralympic Committee 124:International Paralympic Committee 116:International Paralympic Committee 25: 5363: 2468: 253:and peripheral nerve entrapment. 5055: 4712: 4358: 4042: 2846:Albrecht, Gary L. (2005-10-07). 2274:"Summer Sports Β» Athletics" 2221: 473:Qualification standards for the 143: 131: 105:. Jane Buckley, writing for the 5047:Wheelchair sport classification 4704:Les Autres sport classification 3976: 3954: 3932: 3919: 3862: 3835: 3753: 3699: 3678:"Rio 2016 Classification Guide" 3434: 3295: 3273: 3145: 3093: 2935: 2908: 2839: 2750: 2667: 2654: 2600:Broad, Elizabeth (2014-02-06). 316:Wheelchair sport classification 263:Les Autres sport classification 111:Australian Paralympic Committee 3848:. Government Printing Office. 3561:USA Track & Field (2007). 2346: 2185: 13: 1: 4350:Amputee sports classification 4034:Para-athletics classification 3940:"IPC Athletics World Records" 3131:. Human Kinetics Publishers. 3125:Broekhoff, Jan (1986-06-01). 3042:. Human Kinetics Publishers. 3036:Broekhoff, Jan (1986-06-01). 2948:. Hachette Children's Group. 2918:Key Topics in Sports Medicine 2320:Tweedy, Sean (16 July 2010). 2214: 256: 218:Upper and lower limb amputees 171:Amputee sports classification 76: 27:Para-athletics classification 3766:. Meyer & Meyer Verlag. 3541:"S P I N A L C ORD I N JURY" 3519:"S P I N A L C ORD I N JURY" 3282:"S P I N A L C ORD I N JURY" 3015:. Demos Medical Publishing. 2736:. Elsevier Health Sciences. 1989:2015 Parapan American Games 1779:2015 Parapan American Games 1645:2015 Parapan American Games 1531:2015 Parapan American Games 1512:2015 Parapan American Games 1301:2015 Parapan American Games 1110:2015 Parapan American Games 881:2015 Parapan American Games 445:1.00 kg (2.20 lb) 432:4.00 kg (8.82 lb) 429:6.00 kg (13.23 lb) 7: 2942:Hunter, Nick (2012-02-09). 2452:. June 2012. Archived from 164: 81:This classification is for 10: 5368: 5352:Parasports classifications 3845:Care of the Combat Amputee 3724:10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.04.013 3460:Deportistas sin Adjectivos 3354:Deportistas sin Adjectivos 3249:Deportistas sin Adjectivos 3182:Deportistas sin Adjectivos 3069:Deportistas sin Adjectivos 2975:Deportistas sin Adjectivos 2849:Encyclopedia of Disability 2802:Deportistas sin Adjectivos 2481:Deportistas sin Adjectivos 2147: 442:1.50 kg (3.3 lb) 363: 324: 313: 294: 275: 260: 221: 182: 168: 5299: 5234: 5194: 5124: 5062: 5053: 4990: 4960: 4930: 4909: 4889: 4804: 4774: 4719: 4710: 4610: 4555: 4520: 4460: 4425: 4365: 4356: 4175: 4049: 4040: 3328:Sydney East PSSA (2016). 486: 483: 480: 464: 150:Disability type for some 3869:Tweedy, Sean M. (2002). 2190:American T44 competitor 458:600 g (21 oz) 4995:Other disability sports 2162:2016 Summer Paralympics 475:2016 Summer Paralympics 455:800 g (28 oz) 290: 271: 3548:Therapeutic Recreation 3526:Therapeutic Recreation 3289:Therapeutic Recreation 2246:Buckley, Jane (2011). 344: 336: 233: 194: 59: 39: 5305:Wheelchair basketball 4431:Wheelchair basketball 4050:Track and jump events 3890:10.1123/apaq.19.2.220 3570:USA Track & Field 3310:USA Track & Field 2852:. SAGE Publications. 2778:10.1123/apaq.28.3.267 2576:10.1123/apaq.28.3.267 2536:10.3390/sports3020103 387:Performance and rules 359: 342: 334: 320: 297:LAF5 (classification) 278:LAF3 (classification) 231: 192: 45: 33: 2446:"Classification 101" 310:Spinal cord injuries 247:shoulder impingement 83:disability athletics 71:disability athletics 38:is a T44 competitor. 18:F44 (classification) 3821:. Benchmark Games. 2196:Marie-AmΓ©lie Le Fur 2173:Becoming classified 477: 366:F9 (classification) 327:F8 (classification) 224:A9 (classification) 185:A4 (classification) 179:Lower limb amputees 69:classification for 5005:Sitting volleyball 3157:Disabled Sports US 2456:on August 16, 2016 2358:www.paralympic.org 472: 345: 337: 234: 195: 60: 40: 5339: 5338: 5013: 5012: 4670: 4669: 4316: 4315: 3655:Missing or empty 2145: 2144: 632: 631: 462: 461: 160:Disability groups 107:Sporting Wheelies 16:(Redirected from 5359: 5331:4.5 point player 5059: 5040: 5033: 5026: 5017: 5016: 4716: 4697: 4690: 4683: 4674: 4673: 4452:4.5 point player 4362: 4343: 4336: 4329: 4320: 4319: 4046: 4027: 4020: 4013: 4004: 4003: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3994: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3936: 3930: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3906: 3900:. Archived from 3875: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3812: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3792: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3682: 3674: 3665: 3664: 3658: 3653: 3651: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3618: 3610: 3595: 3594: 3588: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3567: 3558: 3552: 3551: 3545: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3523: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3501: 3493: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3478: 3472: 3465: 3454: 3445: 3438: 3432: 3431: 3421: 3389: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3372: 3366: 3359: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3336:. Archived from 3325: 3314: 3313: 3307: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3286: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3267: 3261: 3254: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3227: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3200: 3194: 3187: 3176: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3163: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3122: 3113: 3112: 3106: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3087: 3081: 3074: 3063: 3054: 3053: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3006: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2993: 2987: 2980: 2969: 2960: 2959: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2912: 2906: 2905: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2885: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2843: 2837: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2821: 2820: 2814: 2807: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2763: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2727: 2710: 2709: 2689: 2678: 2671: 2665: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2627: 2618: 2617: 2597: 2588: 2587: 2561: 2552: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2514: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2499: 2493: 2486: 2475: 2466: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2442: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2407:on April 4, 2015 2403:. Archived from 2401:Queensland Sport 2393: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2364: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2333: 2326: 2317: 2311: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2300: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2254:on 11 April 2011 2250:. Archived from 2243: 2231: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2200:Jerome Singleton 634: 633: 478: 471: 410: 409: 147: 135: 67:disability sport 52:Jerome Singleton 21: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5357: 5356: 5342: 5341: 5340: 5335: 5295: 5230: 5190: 5120: 5060: 5049: 5044: 5014: 5009: 4986: 4956: 4926: 4905: 4885: 4800: 4770: 4717: 4706: 4701: 4671: 4666: 4606: 4551: 4516: 4456: 4421: 4363: 4352: 4347: 4317: 4312: 4176:Throwing events 4171: 4047: 4036: 4031: 4001: 3992: 3990: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3967: 3965: 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3924: 3920: 3910: 3908: 3904: 3873: 3867: 3863: 3856: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3818:Benchmark Games 3813: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3774: 3758: 3754: 3744: 3742: 3704: 3700: 3690: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3675: 3668: 3656: 3654: 3645: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3626: 3624: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3598: 3586: 3582: 3581: 3577: 3565: 3559: 3555: 3543: 3537: 3533: 3521: 3515: 3511: 3499: 3495: 3494: 3485: 3476: 3474: 3470: 3463: 3455: 3448: 3439: 3435: 3390: 3379: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3357: 3349: 3345: 3326: 3317: 3305: 3301: 3300: 3296: 3284: 3278: 3274: 3265: 3263: 3259: 3252: 3244: 3240: 3229: 3228: 3207: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3185: 3177: 3170: 3161: 3159: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3139: 3123: 3116: 3104: 3098: 3094: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3072: 3064: 3057: 3050: 3034: 3030: 3023: 3007: 3000: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2978: 2970: 2963: 2956: 2945:The Paralympics 2940: 2936: 2929: 2913: 2909: 2896: 2892: 2883: 2881: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2860: 2844: 2840: 2831: 2827: 2818: 2816: 2812: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2761: 2755: 2751: 2744: 2728: 2713: 2706: 2690: 2681: 2672: 2668: 2659: 2655: 2645: 2643: 2628: 2621: 2614: 2598: 2591: 2559: 2553: 2544: 2515: 2506: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2484: 2476: 2469: 2459: 2457: 2444: 2443: 2420: 2410: 2408: 2395: 2394: 2371: 2362: 2360: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2324: 2318: 2314: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2279: 2277: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2257: 2255: 2244: 2237: 2227: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2188: 2175: 2150: 467: 389: 368: 362: 352:(1.8 lb). 329: 323: 318: 312: 299: 293: 280: 274: 265: 259: 226: 220: 187: 181: 173: 167: 162: 155: 148: 139: 136: 79: 48:Oscar Pistorius 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5365: 5355: 5354: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5333: 5328: 5326:4 point player 5323: 5321:3 point player 5318: 5316:2 point player 5313: 5311:1 point player 5308: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5294: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5063: 5061: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5043: 5042: 5035: 5028: 5020: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4961: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4931: 4928: 4927: 4925: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4910: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4903: 4898: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 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4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4030: 4029: 4022: 4015: 4007: 4000: 3999: 3975: 3953: 3931: 3918: 3884:(2): 220–237. 3861: 3854: 3834: 3827: 3804: 3779: 3772: 3752: 3698: 3666: 3634: 3596: 3575: 3553: 3531: 3509: 3483: 3446: 3433: 3377: 3343: 3340:on 2016-09-28. 3315: 3294: 3272: 3238: 3205: 3168: 3144: 3137: 3114: 3092: 3055: 3048: 3028: 3021: 2998: 2961: 2954: 2934: 2927: 2907: 2890: 2878:ABC News Sport 2865: 2858: 2838: 2825: 2791: 2772:(3): 267–276. 2749: 2742: 2711: 2704: 2679: 2666: 2653: 2619: 2612: 2589: 2570:(3): 267–276. 2542: 2529:(2): 103–115. 2504: 2467: 2418: 2369: 2345: 2334:on 14 May 2012 2312: 2287: 2265: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2216: 2213: 2187: 2184: 2174: 2171: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2067: 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CRC Press. 2605: 2604: 2596: 2594: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2558: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2494:on 2016-11-04 2490: 2483: 2482: 2474: 2472: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2359: 2355: 2349: 2330: 2323: 2316: 2297: 2291: 2275: 2269: 2253: 2249: 2242: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2229:Sports portal 2219: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2183: 2179: 2170: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2155: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2007: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 998: 994: 992: 989: 986: 983: 980: 979: 975: 973: 970: 967: 964: 961: 960: 956: 954: 951: 948: 945: 942: 941: 937: 935: 932: 929: 926: 923: 922: 918: 916: 913: 910: 907: 904: 903: 899: 897: 894: 891: 888: 885: 884: 880: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 865: 861: 858: 855: 852: 849: 846: 845: 841: 839: 836: 833: 830: 827: 826: 822: 820: 817: 814: 811: 808: 807: 803: 801: 798: 795: 792: 789: 788: 784: 782: 779: 776: 773: 770: 769: 765: 763: 760: 757: 754: 751: 750: 746: 744: 741: 738: 735: 732: 731: 727: 725: 722: 719: 716: 713: 712: 708: 706: 703: 700: 697: 694: 693: 689: 687: 684: 681: 678: 675: 674: 670: 668: 665: 662: 659: 656: 655: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 636: 635: 624: 621: 619: 618:Javelin throw 616: 615: 611: 608: 605: 602: 600: 597: 596: 592: 589: 586: 583: 581: 578: 577: 570: 567: 565: 562: 561: 557: 554: 551: 548: 546: 543: 542: 538: 535: 532: 529: 527: 524: 523: 519: 516: 513: 510: 508: 505: 504: 500: 497: 494: 491: 490: 479: 476: 470: 457: 454: 452: 451:Javelin throw 449: 448: 444: 441: 439: 436: 435: 431: 428: 426: 423: 422: 418: 415: 412: 411: 408: 405: 401: 397: 393: 384: 382: 378: 372: 367: 357: 353: 349: 341: 333: 328: 317: 307: 303: 298: 288: 284: 279: 269: 264: 254: 252: 251:epicondylitis 248: 244: 243:rotator cuffs 238: 230: 225: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 191: 186: 176: 172: 153: 146: 141: 134: 129: 128: 127: 125: 121: 117: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 74: 72: 68: 64: 57: 53: 49: 44: 37: 32: 19: 5303: 5238: 5198: 5145: 5128: 5066: 5000:Powerlifting 4994: 4964: 4934: 4913: 4893: 4835: 4808: 4778: 4723: 4614: 4559: 4524: 4481: 4464: 4429: 4369: 4131: 3991:. 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Retrieved 2252:the original 2209:David Prince 2192:April Holmes 2189: 2180: 2176: 2164:in Rio, the 2159: 2151: 599:Discus throw 468: 438:Discus throw 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 373: 369: 354: 350: 346: 304: 300: 285: 281: 266: 239: 235: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 174: 80: 62: 61: 4895:CP football 3797:19 November 2338:19 November 2305:19 November 2280:19 November 2258:12 November 2205:Arnu Fourie 2186:Competitors 154:competitors 56:Arnu Fourie 36:Neil Fuller 34:Australian 4915:Equestrian 3993:2021-11-23 3946:24 January 3657:|url= 3477:2016-07-26 3371:2016-07-26 3266:2016-07-26 3199:2016-07-26 3162:2016-07-28 3086:2016-07-26 2992:2016-07-26 2884:2016-07-31 2819:2016-07-26 2636:Paraplegia 2498:2016-07-26 2363:2016-07-22 2215:References 1978:long jump 1958:long jump 1939:long jump 1920:long jump 1901:long jump 1882:long jump 1863:long jump 1844:long jump 1825:long jump 1806:long jump 1787:long jump 1713:F42/43/44 1634:high jump 1615:high jump 1596:high jump 1577:high jump 1558:high jump 1539:high jump 545:400 metres 526:200 metres 507:100 metres 364:See also: 325:See also: 314:See also: 295:See also: 276:See also: 261:See also: 257:Les Autres 222:See also: 183:See also: 169:See also: 77:Definition 5130:Athletics 4810:Athletics 4466:Athletics 3988:BBC Sport 3968:15 August 3740:207403462 3627:August 6, 3410:1303-2968 2673:Dyer, B. 2130:shot put 2111:shot put 2092:shot put 2073:shot put 2054:shot put 2035:shot put 2016:shot put 1997:shot put 580:Long jump 564:High jump 245:tearing, 5346:Category 5240:Swimming 4966:Swimming 4616:Swimming 3927:Handbook 3911:July 25, 3898:28195770 3745:July 25, 3732:25134747 3691:July 22, 3648:cite web 3428:24616609 2786:21725118 2646:July 25, 2584:21725118 2460:July 24, 2411:July 23, 2160:For the 2051:women's 2013:women's 1936:women's 1898:women's 1860:women's 1803:women's 1768:javelin 1748:javelin 1729:javelin 1710:javelin 1691:javelin 1672:javelin 1653:javelin 1517:women's 1439:women's 1382:women's 1325:women's 1296:01:01.0 1279:01:01.0 1276:01:10.0 1257:01:30.0 1248:women's 1238:01:08.0 1219:01:30.0 1210:women's 1200:01:07.0 1181:01:20.0 1172:women's 1143:01:30.0 1134:women's 1124:01:05.0 1057:women's 1019:women's 981:women's 952:00:38.0 943:women's 933:00:28.3 905:women's 828:women's 790:women's 752:women's 723:00:20.0 714:women's 704:00:13.1 676:women's 646:AQS/MQS 558:1:30.00 425:Shot put 165:Amputees 5200:Cycling 5068:General 4923:Grade 4 4920:Grade 1 4780:Archery 4725:General 4526:Cycling 4371:General 3593:. 2004. 3506:. 2006. 3419:3938047 3312:. 2002. 2148:History 2133:F43/44 2114:F43/44 2098:11.00m 2079:10.00m 2076:F43/44 2057:F43/44 2041:11.50m 2019:F43/44 2000:F43/44 1981:T43/44 1961:T43/44 1942:T43/44 1923:T43/44 1904:T43/44 1885:T43/44 1866:T43/44 1847:T43/44 1809:T43/44 1790:T43/44 1774:38.00m 1771:F43/44 1757:43.00m 1754:34.00m 1751:F43/44 1735:32.00m 1732:F43/44 1716:35.00m 1697:42.00m 1694:F43/44 1659:34.00m 1656:F43/44 1599:T43/44 1542:T43/44 1526:15.00m 1523:F43/44 1520:discus 1507:33.00m 1504:F43/44 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2032:men's 2022:7.00m 2003:8.40m 1994:men's 1984:5.15m 1975:men's 1967:5.20m 1964:5.00m 1955:men's 1945:3.55m 1926:5.15m 1917:men's 1907:3.60m 1888:5.15m 1879:men's 1869:4.30m 1850:5.70m 1841:men's 1822:men's 1812:3.80m 1793:5.00m 1784:men's 1765:men's 1745:men's 1726:men's 1707:men's 1688:men's 1669:men's 1650:men's 1640:1.50m 1631:men's 1621:1.55m 1612:men's 1602:1.50m 1593:men's 1583:1.65m 1574:men's 1555:men's 1545:1.50m 1536:men's 1498:men's 1490:1.50m 1487:1.50m 1478:men's 1458:men's 1420:men's 1401:men's 1363:men's 1353:34.96 1344:men's 1306:men's 1287:men's 1267:men's 1229:men's 1191:men's 1153:men's 1115:men's 1096:men's 1076:men's 1038:men's 1000:men's 962:men's 924:men's 886:men's 867:men's 847:men's 809:men's 771:men's 742:12.25 733:men's 695:men's 657:men's 652:Event 643:Class 640:EVENT 625:43.00 612:18.00 606:40.00 552:53.50 539:33.00 533:25.80 520:15.40 514:12.50 487:Women 465:Events 4592:LW6/8 4587:LW5/7 3905:(PDF) 3874:(PDF) 3791:(PDF) 3736:S2CID 3681:(PDF) 3617:(PDF) 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Index

F44 (classification)

Neil Fuller

Oscar Pistorius
Jerome Singleton
Arnu Fourie
disability sport
disability athletics
disability athletics
T40
T42
T43
T45
T46
Sporting Wheelies
Australian Paralympic Committee
International Paralympic Committee
PROM
International Paralympic Committee
Colour guide for understanding fully body diagrams
Disability type for some T44 classified competitors
T44 classified
Amputee sports classification
A4 (classification)

A9 (classification)

rotator cuffs
shoulder impingement

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