1487:, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C. Circuit) said that pipeline applicants are not likely to pursue many certificates that are hopeless. "The fact that they generally succeed in choosing to expend their resources on applications that serve their own financial interests does not mean that an agency which recognizes merit in such applications is biased," the court said. Others have directly disputed FERC's critics by pointing out, "FERC is a creature of law. It follows a careful administrative path to regulate only a portion of natural gas such as interstate pipelines and LNG import and export terminals. That regulation includes extensive environmental review, driven by many federal laws enacted by Congress, signed by the president, and reviewed and upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court. If the agency were to adopt the path , FERC's decisions would routinely be overturned by the federal courts."
1508:
financially independent and were "a single pipeline" that was "linear and physically interdependent," so the cumulative environmental impacts should have been considered concurrently. In a separate decision, the D.C. Circuit later sustained the commission's conduct of separate environmental assessments when it clarified that the "critical" factor was that all of the pipeline's projects were either under construction or pending before FERC for environmental review at the same time, noting that the projects lacked temporal overlap. Furthermore, in another case, the D.C. Circuit sustained the commission's use of a separate environmental assessment when it reasoned that the projects in dispute were "unrelated" and did not depend on one another for their justification. This guidance has allowed FERC to address additional claims of improper segmentation.
38:
2867:
1491:
on regulated entities, therefore making FERC biased in favor of the industry from which it gets its funding. But in an order issued March 22, 2017, the court said the plain language of the statute indicates that FERC does not have control over its own budget. "The
Commission's budget cannot be increased by approving pipelines; rather, requires the Commission to make adjustments to 'eliminate any overrecovery or underrecovery.' If Plaintiffs are unhappy with Congress's chosen appropriations to the Commission..., Plaintiffs' recourse lies with their legislative representatives."
1297:. Congress insisted that a separate independent regulatory body be retained, and the FPC was renamed the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), preserving its independent status within the department. Its most basic mandate was to "determine whether wholesale electricity prices were unjust and unreasonable and, if so, to regulate pricing and order refunds for overcharges to ratepayers." FERC was also given added responsibility to hear appeals of DOE oil price control determinations and to conduct all "on the record" hearings for DOE. As a result, DOE does not have any
1356:(ISO-NE) were early adopters. California, with the backing of its state and Congressional policymakers, sought approval of a controversial scheme to set up its ISO, called California ISO, based near Sacramento, CA. FERC approved it without changes because California had warned that it would not accept any changes. Enron charged one of its policy analysts to figure out how to make the most of the flawed rules put in place for the California electricity market. Enron had success with its fraudulent market transactions.
1537:
contrast, prior to the formation of the NYISO in 1999 in New York, wholesale energy prices were set within a utility's state rate case proceeding. Examples of contentious issues in New York include the NYISO's development of buyer-side mitigation (price floors) in its capacity market, proxy peaking-unit specifications during the demand-curve reset (that helps set capacity market prices), the state's granting of zero-emissions credits to wholesale-market participating nuclear power plants, and the
1480:
it recovers its annual operating costs directly from the entities it regulates creates bias in favor of the issuance of pipeline certificates. Some of the critics have disrupted several regular open meetings of the
Commission and staged a couple of week-long blockades of FERC's headquarters in Washington, D.C., to make their points. "Pipelines are facing unprecedented opposition," Commissioner LaFleur remarked to the National Press Club in a 2015 speech. "We have a situation here."
5418:
5997:
4652:
1528:
generation or merchant transmission facility must proceed through both the planning process of the NYISO, which operates on a two-year cycle at minimum with an inclusive class year pool of new projects evaluated simultaneously, and the siting process of the state Board on
Electric Siting and the Environment. Prior to the formation of the NYISO, the planning process was determined mostly by the state siting board (although the utilities'
1504:
on July 10, 2018, rejected the
Delaware Riverkeeper Network and Maya Van Rossum's claim that FERC has an incentive to award pipeline certificates because it collects its operating expenses from regulated parties. Upholding a lower court ruling, the D.C. Circuit also rejected the Delaware Riverkeeper Network's challenge to FERC's use of tolling orders to meet its statutory deadlines for acting on rehearing applications.
1460:
regulators. It "provides for cost-effective expansion of transmission that is being replaced, when needed, known as 'right-sizing' transmission facilities", and it allows states more opportunities to cooperate with utility companies and energy project developers, while preventing states that benefit from regional transmission projects from not paying for them.
1451:
approval purposes on a 'first-ready, first-served' basis that prioritizes the most well-studied and fully financed projects, forecast advanced technologies, and allow for multiple projects to share a new single interconnection point. It also "imposes firm deadlines and penalties if transmission providers fail to complete interconnection studies on time".
1301:. As a further protection, when the Department of Energy proposes a rule, it must refer the proposal to FERC, and FERC can take over the proceeding if FERC determines that the rulemaking "may significantly affect" matters in its jurisdiction. The DOE Act also transferred the regulation of interstate oil pipelines from the
1412:, and others who claimed that FERC overstepped its jurisdiction by regulating how local electric distribution and behind-the-meter facilities are administered, i.e., in not providing an opt out of wholesale market access for energy storage facilities located at the distribution level or behind-the-meter. A
1450:
On July 28, 2023, the
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission issued Order No. 2023, which regulates the interconnection process that ties renewables projects into the large-scale grid. Among other provisions, the rule requires transmission planners to consolidate projects into 'clusters' for regulatory
1343:
in the United States. This would impact existing electric power pools by rebranding themselves as independent transmission operators. Electric utilities in some regions began to spin off their generation units as separate companies that would compete in a wholesale electric market administered by the
1536:
The controversy similarly applies to various electric wholesale-market issues within the RTO, when a state public utility commission asserts that its retail ratepayers (under state regulation) will be impacted by wholesale-market stakeholder decisions and reforms (under federal-level regulation). In
1503:
and 2018 Congressional candidate, suggested the FERC was serving a partisan interest over the interests of the people of New Jersey, suggesting "The FERC needs to remember it works for the people of the United States not PennEast." These criticisms were unfounded as the D.C. Circuit Court of
Appeals
1498:
was met with widespread criticism by environmental groups, which called the decision highly partisan. "FERC has once again demonstrated its tremendous bias for, and partnership with, the pipeline industry," said Maya van Rossum, leader of the
Delaware Riverkeeper Network. Doug O'Malley, president of
1532:
might have had its own closed door planning session) and large generation projects were developed by the utilities themselves. The dual planning process provides an opportunity for other market participants to drag out the process legally, not including the other state and/or federal environmental,
1507:
However, the D.C. Circuit has provided additional guidance concerning
Commission procedures, stating that in one case FERC failed to consider the cumulative environmental impact of four projects that had been separately proposed by the same pipeline. The D.C. Circuit held that the projects were not
1490:
The United States
District Court for the District of Columbia also dismissed a case involving allegations of structural bias on the part of FERC. The plaintiffs contended that the Omnibus Budget Act of 1986 funding mechanism requires the commission to recover its budget through proportional charges
1479:
FERC has been subject to criticism and increasing activism by people from communities affected by its decisions approving pipeline and related projects. They contend that FERC "blithely greenlights too many pipelines, export terminals and other gas infrastructure" and that FERC's structure in which
1511:
FERC's leaders have stressed many times since the onset of the increased activism that the proper way to oppose a proposed new infrastructure project is by participating in the related proceeding by submitting comments and participating in public comment sessions, site visits and scoping meetings,
1381:
on entities that manipulate the electricity and natural gas markets. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 also gave FERC additional responsibilities and authority. Among the many provisions of the law, FERC was given what is known as "backstop" siting authority which allows FERC to overrule any denial of
344:
FERC is composed of up to five commissioners who are appointed by the
President and confirmed by the Senate to staggered five-year terms. The President appoints one of the commissioners to be the chairman of FERC, the administrative head of the agency. FERC is a bipartisan body; no more than three
1527:
The planning and siting of public policy and renewable power plants and merchant transmission lines can be contentious, because the planning process must proceed through both entities. For example, in New York State, any large (more than 20 MW for the NYISO or 2 MW for the state Siting Committee)
1459:
On May 13, 2024, FERC issued Order Nos. 1920 and 1977. The former order requires utilities to plan 20 years in advance to anticipate future regional (though not interregional) transmission needs, with five-year updates, and to cooperate in creating a default cost-sharing plan to deliver to state
1368:
administration sought to give the authority of eminent domain to FERC to circumvent state and local bureaucratic processes which often slowed the siting of new transmission projects. This expansion of power was most fiercely opposed by Bush's own Republican party as being an expansion of federal
1403:
In February 2018, FERC issued Order No. 841, which required wholesale markets to open up to individual storage installations, regardless of interconnection point (transmission, distribution or behind-the-meter). The Order was challenged in court by the state public utility commissions via the
289:
FERC is independent of the Department of Energy political structure because FERC activities "shall not be subject to further view by the Secretary or any officer or employee of the Department". The Department of Energy can, however, participate in FERC proceedings as a third party.
2617:
2411:
FERC faces several lawsuits over its approval of pipeline projects, which critics say amounts to a rubber stamp that, in turn confers handsome rates of return and powers of eminent domain to seize private property without adequately vetting whether they serve true public
1394:
In 2010, FERC issued Order No. 1000, which required RTOs to create regional transmission plans and identify transmission needs based on public policy. Cost allocation reforms were included, possibly to reduce barriers faced by non incumbent transmission developers.
1376:
The Energy Policy Act of 2005 expanded FERC's authority to protect the reliability and cybersecurity of the bulk power system through the establishment and enforcement of mandatory standards, as well as greatly expanding FERC authority to impose civil
2624:
4835:
6200:
345:
commissioners may be of the same political party. Commissioners may continue in office past the end of their term if a successor has not yet been confirmed, up to the end of the current session of Congress. The commissioners are:
1270:
gave FPC jurisdiction over interstate natural gas pipelines and wholesale sales. In 1942, this jurisdiction was expanded to cover the licensing of more natural gas facilities. In 1954, the Supreme Court decision in
4828:
331:
FERC regulates approximately 1,600 hydroelectric projects in the U.S. It is largely responsible for permitting construction of a large network of interstate natural gas pipelines. FERC also works closely with the
2443:
3973:
1977:
4821:
4689:
6292:
1308:
In 1978, FERC was given additional responsibilities for harmonizing the regulation of wellhead gas sales in both the intrastate and interstate markets. FERC also administered a program to foster new
3844:
1467:
if a state regulatory agency denies any of its own siting responsibility thereof. The order creates an Applicant Code of Conduct to encourage proper landowner outreach, and adds air quality,
3968:
305:; it has made key decisions expanding its own power in regional and interregional transmission planning and cost allocation through the landmark Order Nos. 1000, 1920, 1977, and 2023.
1344:
RTOs. Once FERC had created the framework for Regional Transmission Organizations with Order No. 888, several such RTOs were approved. The pre-existing multi-state power pool called
2680:
6082:
2423:
NO GAS PIPELINE, Petitioner v. FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, Respondent Statoil Natural Gas, LLC, et al., Intervenors (Nos. 12â1470, 12â1474, 12â1475). Decided: July 1, 2014
1582:
5195:
5172:
4682:
3660:
3524:
2453:
1520:
There are regions of the country where the state public utility commission and the FERC regulated Regional Transmission Organization operate in identical footprints (such as
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6107:
3819:
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to participate in regional wholesale electricity markets. Market operators submitted initial compliance plans by early 2022. The Supreme Court had ruled in 2016 in
6403:
5023:
2997:
2137:
1405:
993:
605:
324:, FERC has imposed, through settlements and orders, more than $ 1 billion in civil penalties and disgorgement of unjust profits to address violations of its anti-
3519:
2650:
595:
282:. FERC is self-funding, in that Congress sets its budget through annual and supplemental appropriations and FERC is authorized to raise revenue to reimburse the
6033:
5236:
5182:
4372:
1064:
1034:
865:
735:
705:
665:
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3704:
1074:
755:
745:
635:
6418:
4040:
3062:
2905:
1247:
260:
5134:
3633:
2255:
1054:
972:
815:
715:
615:
535:
2016:
6342:
4698:
4392:
4035:
3849:
3727:
3128:
2229:
2089:
1538:
1044:
1024:
1003:
785:
695:
675:
655:
585:
294:
157:
2281:
1952:
4427:
3578:
3162:
1290:
1014:
983:
725:
645:
575:
565:
6408:
5124:
5010:
4023:
3541:
2950:
2930:
2780:
2041:
1464:
825:
555:
1861:
6377:
6125:
4965:
3993:
3546:
2935:
1570:
685:
6120:
5269:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3135:
2918:
2887:
2846:
2554:
1921:
515:
5221:
5190:
5091:
4860:
4844:
6195:
5942:
4340:
4192:
4160:
3891:
3145:
2875:
1830:
625:
2090:"FERC Opens Wholesale Markets to Distributed Resources: Landmark Action Breaks Down Barriers to Emerging Technologies, Boosts Competition"
5200:
4052:
3744:
3613:
3356:
3218:
2773:
2068:
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2349:
6026:
5129:
5099:
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4985:
3264:
3206:
2591:
1533:
trade (if an international connection with Canada is requested), and local certification and regulation processes that need to be met.
1328:
1243:(FPC), which preceded FERC, was established by Congress in 1920 to allow cabinet members to coordinate federal hydropower development.
1524:). Where this occurs, state policy makers and FERC frequently clash as to the extent of federal power and influence within the state.
6242:
5157:
4013:
3983:
3906:
3553:
320:. FERC has collected more than $ 6.3 billion from California electric market participants through settlements. Since passage of the
6423:
6302:
6297:
4899:
4781:
4212:
4180:
3871:
3749:
3737:
3568:
3282:
3030:
2895:
2838:
2828:
1324:, which reduced the scope of federal price regulation, to bring greater competition to both the natural gas and electric industry.
283:
247:
Overseeing environmental matters related to natural gas and hydroelectricity projects and major electricity policy initiatives; and
6382:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6347:
6337:
6252:
5231:
5114:
5033:
4932:
4765:
4447:
4251:
4207:
4187:
4175:
4155:
3956:
3499:
3489:
3480:
3441:
3371:
3196:
3057:
90:
244:
Using civil penalties and other means against energy organizations and individuals who violate FERC rules in the energy markets;
6413:
6352:
6287:
6267:
6097:
5066:
4719:
3961:
3653:
3420:
3140:
1434:
1313:
6217:
6212:
6157:
6019:
4729:
4477:
4263:
3754:
3711:
3699:
3213:
3169:
3042:
1662:
2376:"NATIONAL PRESS CLUB LUNCHEON WITH FERC CHAIRMAN CHERYL LAFLEUR : SUBJECT: PLANS FOR REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS"
6247:
6102:
6000:
5417:
4957:
3339:
3259:
3181:
3099:
2749:
6272:
6262:
6177:
5839:
5144:
4922:
4867:
4442:
4290:
4202:
4170:
4139:
4134:
3799:
3766:
3531:
3230:
3225:
3089:
2734:
1499:
Environment New Jersey, called the FERC approval of the pipeline a "disaster." David Pringle, state campaign director of
1273:
2529:
6315:
6257:
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6222:
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5002:
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3319:
3242:
2796:
2713:
1416:
court (the D.C. Circuit) issued an order in July 2020 that upheld Order 841 and dismissed the petitioners' complaints.
1340:
1294:
264:
192:
128:
4813:
3536:
2654:
6357:
6327:
6227:
6182:
6147:
6137:
6132:
6077:
6070:
5567:
5070:
4975:
4917:
4119:
3094:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2851:
2819:
1409:
2744:
2739:
203:. There may be no more than three commissioners of one political party serving on the commission at any given time.
6282:
5205:
4760:
4503:
3881:
3866:
3732:
3084:
6277:
5730:
5655:
5526:
4937:
4508:
4268:
4241:
4228:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
3674:
3104:
2972:
1413:
37:
2756:
6307:
6087:
4333:
4072:
3859:
3794:
3563:
3444:
3366:
3157:
3079:
3020:
2964:
1758:
1321:
1302:
1251:
271:
231:
Approving the siting of and abandonment of interstate natural gas facilities, including pipelines, storage and
2321:
Delaware Riverkeepers Network v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, No. 16-CU-416 (D. D.C. March 22, 2017).
286:
for its appropriations, through annual charges to the natural gas, oil, and electric industries it regulates.
250:
Administering accounting and financial reporting regulations and regulating businesses of regulated companies.
6167:
5902:
5834:
5824:
5700:
5600:
5255:
5226:
5152:
5041:
4970:
4801:
4407:
4082:
4003:
3596:
3334:
3186:
1596: â Proposed electrical transmission legislation directing FERC to mandate minimum interregional capacity
336:
to review the safety, security, and environmental impacts of proposed LNG terminals and associated shipping.
317:
1614:
6332:
6320:
6152:
5755:
5715:
5292:
5162:
5081:
5061:
4317:
4300:
4077:
3901:
3824:
3684:
3603:
3558:
3494:
3452:
3247:
279:
176:. FERC also reviews proposals to build interstate natural gas pipelines, natural gas storage projects, and
1735:
1721:
6042:
5982:
5977:
5695:
5670:
5660:
5636:
5631:
5337:
4881:
3939:
3361:
3235:
3010:
2808:
1565:
298:
5897:
5615:
5585:
5362:
5056:
4463:
4422:
4047:
3998:
3814:
3475:
3413:
3150:
3035:
1872:
1305:
to FERC. However, the FERC lost some jurisdiction over the imports and exports of gas and electricity.
2618:"COMMENTS OF THE STATE ENTITIES ON NYISO STAFF RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING ICAP DEMAND CURVE PARAMETERS"
2309:
FERC faces heightened scrutiny as gas projects proliferate, Hannah Northey, E&E, November 3, 2014.
1809:
5952:
5441:
5402:
5104:
4942:
4912:
4667:
4571:
4521:
4258:
3876:
3344:
3201:
3191:
3123:
2697:
2164:
1370:
333:
321:
6011:
2565:
1929:
5927:
5735:
5675:
5332:
5167:
4990:
4947:
4907:
4559:
4028:
3854:
3804:
3015:
2956:
2940:
1576:
1327:
In 1989, Congress ended federal regulation of wellhead natural gas prices, with the passage of the
1298:
1240:
77:
2282:"Staff Presentation: Applications for Permits to Site Interstate Electric Transmission Facilities"
5866:
5856:
5846:
5076:
4888:
4280:
3252:
3067:
2405:
2375:
2339:
Meet the People Making Life a Little More Difficult for FERC this Week, RTO Insider-May 26, 2015.
1383:
845:
1838:
5787:
5650:
5433:
5322:
4980:
4724:
4483:
4348:
3174:
3072:
3025:
2690:
2483:
See, Delaware Riverkeeper Network v. FERC, 13-1015, U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit.
2330:
See for example RTO Insider, Protesters Interrupt FERC Open Meeting, Michael Brooks, 1/26/2015.
2017:"'Enormous Step' for Energy Storage as Court Upholds FERC Order 841, Opening Wholesale Markets"
1697:
1425:
1286:
423:
275:
184:
5922:
5690:
5685:
5665:
4927:
4848:
4655:
4595:
4577:
4325:
3829:
3773:
3761:
3689:
3618:
3406:
3047:
2925:
2403:
Zullo, Robert (December 22, 2017). "New FERC chief:Pipeline permit policies to be reviewed".
2230:"Building for the Future Through Electric Regional Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation"
1483:
FERC's decisions in those cases are often upheld by the courts. In a July 1, 2014, decision,
1468:
232:
177:
2595:
2501:
Myersville Citizens for a Rural Cmty., Inc., v. FERC, 783 F.3d 1301, 1326-7 (D.C. Cir. 2015)
2177:
1386:"to expand transmission in limited regions of the country facing transmission constraints."
6162:
5516:
5278:
4744:
4583:
4417:
4246:
3623:
3463:
2114:"'Game-Changer' FERC Order Opens Up Wholesale Grid Markets to Distributed Energy Resources"
1255:
17:
8:
5887:
5720:
5620:
5595:
5548:
5357:
5347:
5312:
5051:
4739:
4589:
4527:
4515:
4412:
3946:
3934:
3896:
3666:
3608:
3455:
3351:
1644:
1521:
1345:
1317:
1277:
extended FPC jurisdiction over all wellhead sales of natural gas in interstate commerce.
545:
325:
216:
2492:
Minisink Residents for Environmental Preservation and Safety et al v. FERC (No. 12-1481)
2350:"NPC Luncheon with Cheryl LaFleur, chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission"
2256:"Chairman Phillips' and Commissioner Clements' Joint Concurrence on FERC Order No. 1920"
5761:
5372:
4843:
4285:
4087:
3591:
2702:
2685:
1997:
1500:
1218:
1207:
1084:
915:
775:
765:
368:
309:
114:
2474:
Delaware Riverkeeper Network and Maya Van Rossum v. FERC, No. 17-5084 (D.C. Cir. 2018)
1539:
creation of a new capacity zone amidst state and transmission owner policy initiatives
225:
Regulating the transmission and wholesale sales of electricity in interstate commerce;
5912:
5792:
5397:
5018:
4437:
4402:
4364:
3886:
3329:
3297:
3052:
2913:
2815:
2765:
2709:
2001:
1495:
1167:
962:
885:
525:
313:
2042:"FERC Order 841: US about to take 'most important' step towards clean energy future"
5861:
5802:
5506:
5501:
5478:
5387:
5327:
4469:
3302:
2760:
1989:
1666:
1560:
935:
100:
1897:
1471:
and tribal engagement reports to the list of requirements for project applicants.
5892:
5851:
5829:
5710:
5680:
5645:
5605:
5407:
4734:
4619:
4553:
4535:
4008:
3648:
3638:
3586:
3312:
3307:
3005:
1439:
1429:
1378:
1353:
1267:
1258:. The FPC was authorized to regulate both hydropower and interstate electricity.
1177:
1157:
1105:
1094:
895:
875:
805:
188:
278:
do not generally review FERC decisions, but the decisions are reviewable by the
5917:
5907:
5705:
5317:
3951:
3628:
1922:"FERC: Industries - Order No. 1000 - Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation"
1365:
1146:
1126:
1115:
835:
196:
3974:
Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978
228:
Licensing and inspecting private, municipal, and state hydroelectric projects;
6397:
5937:
5725:
5610:
5590:
5521:
5511:
5468:
5352:
5307:
4641:
4236:
1593:
1197:
905:
397:
302:
2203:
2138:"FERC Order 2222: Experts offer cheers and jeers for first round of filings"
301:(ISOs) to eliminate the potential for undue discrimination in access to the
5957:
5932:
5797:
5766:
5580:
5382:
4607:
4601:
4432:
3809:
3429:
3324:
3287:
2448:
1309:
795:
180:(LNG) terminals, in addition to licensing non-federal hydropower projects.
5782:
5750:
5543:
5531:
5451:
5377:
5367:
5297:
4634:
4613:
4380:
4275:
3694:
1187:
925:
449:
200:
165:
161:
238:
Ensuring the reliability of high voltage interstate transmission system;
5745:
5740:
5553:
5536:
5392:
5247:
4943:
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Insular and International Affairs
4565:
3845:
Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978
2824:
2432:
FERC Protests Make No Sense, Kennedy Maize, Powermag.com, May 24, 2016.
1993:
1898:"The Trojan Horse of Electric Power Transmission Line Siting Authority"
1529:
1136:
855:
475:
222:
Regulating the transmission of oil by pipelines in interstate commerce;
4697:
2510:
Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, LLC, 149 FERC ¶ 61,258 (2014).
1369:
power. Legal battles over the issue ended with the 2005 Energy Bill (
6041:
5461:
5456:
5342:
5302:
4018:
169:
3969:
Nuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980
2274:
2222:
5575:
3116:
3111:
173:
2704:
Railroaded: The Transcontinentals and the Making of Modern America
1339:
In 1996, FERC issued Order No. 888, which spurred the creation of
215:
Regulating the transmission and sale of natural gas for resale in
5496:
5486:
1583:
Scenic Hudson Preservation Conference v. Federal Power Commission
1382:
transmission projects by a state within established corridors of
160:
that regulates the interstate transmission and wholesale sale of
1406:
National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC)
5491:
3398:
2881:
Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, & Energy Response
2856:
2069:"Going beyond Order 841 to more meaningful FERC storage policy"
1373:) which was passed with approval of Democrats and Republicans.
1512:
since FERC decisions can be appealed up to the Supreme Court.
195:. It is headed by five commissioners who are nominated by the
42:
Seal of the United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
1349:
2444:"Activists critical of federal hearing on PennEast pipeline"
1978:"FERC Order 841 levels the playing field for energy storage"
5446:
4874:
3292:
1645:"Regulatory Monitors: Policing Firms in the Compliance Era"
1424:
FERC issued Order No. 2222 on September 17, 2020, enabling
191:. FERC is an independent agency, despite being part of the
1551:
Category:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission chairpersons
2530:"Board on Electric Generation Siting and the Environment"
2170:
1859:
1556:
21st-century fossil fuel regulations in the United States
491:
486:
465:
460:
439:
434:
413:
408:
387:
382:
2729:
2623:. October 3, 2016. pp. i, ii, 48â52. Archived from
1293:, to consolidate various energy-related agencies into a
139:
2651:"Analyst: FERC Asserts Role in Handling Nuke Subsidies"
1485:
No Gas Pipeline v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
5237:
White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy
4948:
Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation, and Enforcement
2795:
2555:"ORDER GRANTING COMPLAINT IN PART AND DENYING IN PART"
2248:
1698:"FERC: Addressing the 2000-2001 Western Energy Crisis"
2681:
Making the Consumer an Active Participant in the Grid
365:
6429:
Independent agencies of the United States government
4041:
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
2906:
Under Secretary of Energy for Science and Innovation
1463:
The latter order affirms FERC's siting authority in
211:
The responsibilities of FERC include the following:
168:
and regulates the prices of interstate transport of
5135:
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
1759:"Regulation - What Is Ferc? | Blackout | FRONTLINE"
4699:Regional transmission organization (North America)
4036:Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
3850:Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
2701:
2693:and the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
520:December 13, 1973 â June 30, 1979 (Served as FPC)
316:and other energy companies, and their role in the
158:independent agency of the United States government
4428:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
1862:"NATIONAL ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION CONGESTION STUDY"
1515:
1465:National Interest Electric Transmission Corridors
1291:the Department of Energy Organization Act in 1977
1280:
6395:
5125:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
5011:Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
4024:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
2951:Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy
2931:Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
2589:
2564:. February 3, 2017. pp. 1â2. Archived from
394:
6404:Electric grid interconnections in North America
4966:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
3994:Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act
2648:
1953:"Let's kill 'utility-' or 'grid-scale' storage"
1571:North American Electric Reliability Corporation
420:
254:
27:Independent agency of the US federal government
2888:Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security
2847:Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
2196:
2167:, 577 U. S. ____, slip op. at 2, 33â34 (2016).
1438:that the agency had the authority to regulate
1314:Public Utilities Regulatory Policy Act of 1978
446:
308:FERC investigated the alleged manipulation of
6027:
5263:
5222:Environmental Science Services Administration
4875:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
4829:
4683:
3414:
3276:Energy Department Facilities and Reservations
2936:Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management
2781:
2178:"Explainer on the Interconnection Final Rule"
2014:
472:
5024:National Laboratories and Technology Centers
3892:Tax Reduction and Simplification Act of 1977
3779:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
2876:Under Secretary of Energy for Infrastructure
1359:
241:Monitoring and investigating energy markets;
6419:Regulatory authorities of the United States
5201:U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate
4053:Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act
3745:Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978
3614:International Emergency Economic Powers Act
1860:U.S. Department of Energy (December 2009).
1589:Title 18 of the Code of Federal Regulations
1454:
1234:
6034:
6020:
5270:
5256:
5196:Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation
5130:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
5047:Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
4836:
4822:
4690:
4676:
3421:
3407:
2788:
2774:
1329:Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act of 1989
1261:
267:, that participates in business oversight.
5158:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
4014:Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978
3907:Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980
3644:Support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War
2066:
1246:In 1935, the FPC was transformed into an
293:FERC has promoted voluntary formation of
5277:
4782:Midcontinent Independent System Operator
4252:Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project
4048:Three Mile Island accident investigation
3750:Department of Education Organization Act
2896:National Nuclear Security Administration
2857:Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
2317:
2315:
1975:
1494:In New Jersey, the FERC approval of the
6409:Government agencies established in 1977
5232:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
5173:Combat Capabilities Development Command
4933:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
4766:Independent Electricity System Operator
3957:National Energy Conservation Policy Act
2305:
2303:
2204:"Docket Number RM21-17-000: Final Rule"
1831:"FERC: Landmark Orders - Order No. 888"
1642:
1320:. The National Energy Act included the
14:
6396:
5067:Natural Resources Conservation Service
3962:Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act
1348:(Pennsylvania, Jersey, Maryland), the
920:December 11, 2018 â September 4, 2020
790:November 24, 2003 â December 24, 2009
750:November 13, 1997 â November 22, 2002
6368:Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas
6015:
5251:
4817:
4730:Electric Reliability Council of Texas
4671:
4478:Jimmy Carter National Historical Park
4264:Jimmy Carter National Historical Park
3712:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978
3700:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
3402:
2769:
2696:
2590:Rich Heidorn Jr. (January 24, 2017).
2402:
2312:
1895:
1312:and small power production under the
1029:November 21, 1989 â February 5, 1993
998:November 10, 1983 â January 31, 1986
680:November 13, 1989 â October 20, 1993
610:November 10, 1983 â January 31, 1986
499:
3930:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
3872:HumphreyâHawkins Full Employment Act
3388:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
2757:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
2441:
2300:
2286:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
2260:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
2234:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
2208:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
2182:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
1350:New York Independent System Operator
1285:In response to the 1973 oil crisis,
1192:November 5, 2020 â January 21, 2021
1182:October 24, 2018 â November 5, 2020
1172:December 7, 2017 â October 24, 2018
1059:January 19, 2001 â January 21, 2001
1019:October 6, 1986 â November 19, 1989
910:November 29, 2017 â January 3, 2023
740:November 14, 1997 â August 31, 2001
650:October 6, 1986 â November 28, 1989
530:August 10, 1977 â December 31, 1980
150:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
31:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
4291:Continuity of Government Commission
3800:Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1980
3767:Federal Emergency Management Agency
2592:"FERC OKs NYISO Demand Curve Reset"
2161:FERC v. Electric Power Supply Assn.
1799:42 U.S.C. §7172(b) (since repealed)
1435:FERC v. Electric Power Supply Ass'n
1354:Independent Sysoperator New England
1341:regional transmission organizations
1274:Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Wisconsin
1250:with five members nominated by the
1213:January 3, 2023 â February 9, 2024
1202:January 21, 2021 â January 3, 2023
1162:August 10, 2017 â December 7, 2017
1152:January 23, 2017 â August 10, 2017
1110:March 19, 2009 â November 24, 2013
1069:January 22, 2001 â August 31, 2001
1009:February 1, 1986 â October 5, 1986
890:December 7, 2017 â January 2, 2019
850:June 15, 2012 â September 30, 2016
830:January 11, 2010 â August 20, 2014
780:November 21, 2003 â March 13, 2009
550:October 28, 1977 â August 31, 1981
295:regional transmission organizations
24:
5948:Renewable energy commercialization
5100:Science and Technology Directorate
5015:Office of Environmental Management
4357:We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land
3840:Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977
3835:Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
3654:IranâUnited States Claims Tribunal
2797:United States Department of Energy
2673:
2409:. Richmond, Virginia. p. A5.
1950:
1316:, which was passed as part of the
1141:April 15, 2015 â January 23, 2017
1121:November 25, 2013 â July 30, 2014
1100:January 23, 2009 â March 19, 2009
967:October 1, 1977 â January 1, 1981
880:August 10, 2017 â August 10, 2018
860:August 4, 2014 â February 3, 2017
810:July 31, 2006 â November 24, 2013
800:July 21, 2006 â December 14, 2011
640:November 4, 1985 â March 31, 1993
630:November 4, 1985 â April 30, 1988
620:July 14, 1984 â November 10, 1989
590:September 1, 1981 â July 30, 1988
570:September 8, 1980 â July 13, 1984
265:United States Department of Energy
129:United States Department of Energy
25:
6440:
5183:Executive Office of the President
5071:National Water and Climate Center
4918:Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
4845:United States government agencies
3634:Engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini
2988:Western Area Power Administration
2983:Southwestern Power Administration
2978:Southeastern Power Administration
2852:Energy Information Administration
2723:
1445:
1419:
1410:American Public Power Association
1389:
1079:September 1, 2001 â July 8, 2005
1049:June 19, 1997 â January 18, 2001
1039:February 5, 1993 â June 16, 1997
940:December 8, 2020 â June 30, 2024
930:March 30, 2020 â January 3, 2024
900:August 8, 2017 â August 30, 2021
820:July 24, 2006 â October 30, 2015
206:
5996:
5995:
5416:
5206:Council on Environmental Quality
4986:Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
4651:
4650:
4004:Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977
3882:National Aquaculture Act of 1980
3867:Food and Agriculture Act of 1977
3733:Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
3428:
2865:
2649:Rory D. Sweeney (June 3, 2018).
1896:Rossi, Jim (December 21, 2009).
1398:
1334:
1089:July 9, 2005 â January 23, 2009
870:January 5, 2015 â June 30, 2017
840:July 13, 2010 â August 30, 2019
730:May 20, 1993 â January 28, 2000
720:May 20, 1993 â December 9, 2003
700:May 20, 1993 â January 18, 2001
690:October 20, 1990 â May 24, 1993
670:October 7, 1988 â June 16, 1997
600:August 31, 1982 â July 12, 1985
540:August 11, 1977 â July 19, 1985
339:
187:in 1977 in the aftermath of the
36:
6424:Environmental impact assessment
5092:Department of Homeland Security
4938:United States Geological Survey
4861:Environmental Protection Agency
4443:CarterâMenil Human Rights Prize
4269:Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter House
4242:Presidential Library and Museum
3675:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
3661:Diplomatic relations with China
2973:Bonneville Power Administration
2689:, November 29, 2010. Discusses
2642:
2610:
2583:
2547:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2396:
2368:
2342:
2333:
2324:
2154:
2130:
2106:
2082:
2067:Sean Baur (September 1, 2020).
2060:
2034:
2015:Jeff St. John (July 10, 2020).
2008:
1982:MRS Energy & Sustainability
1969:
1944:
1914:
1889:
1853:
1823:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1414:United States courts of appeals
1131:July 30, 2014 â April 14, 2015
988:June 5, 1981 â October 5, 1983
978:January 2, 1981 â June 5, 1981
660:October 4, 1988 â June 5, 1993
580:June 5, 1981 â October 7, 1983
560:October 28, 1977 â May 8, 1981
4868:Global Change Research Program
4334:Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid
3860:Right to Financial Privacy Act
3795:Agricultural Trade Act of 1978
3564:Solar power at the White House
3445:President of the United States
2965:Power Marketing Administration
2708:. W. W. Norton & Company.
2442:Deak, Mike (August 17, 2016).
1751:
1742:
1728:
1714:
1690:
1681:
1655:
1636:
1607:
1516:Federal versus state authority
1322:Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978
1303:Interstate Commerce Commission
1281:Birth of DOE; FPC Becomes FERC
770:June 12, 2001 â July 21, 2006
13:
1:
6414:Energy regulatory authorities
5943:Renewable Energy Certificates
5903:Cost of electricity by source
5825:Arc-fault circuit interrupter
5701:High-voltage shore connection
5227:United States Fish Commission
5153:Air Force Research Laboratory
5042:Agricultural Research Service
4531:(2002 television documentary)
4408:Presidential Medal of Freedom
2653:. RTO Insider. Archived from
2594:. RTO Insider. Archived from
1600:
1248:independent regulatory agency
710:May 20, 1993 â June 30, 1997
318:California electricity crisis
261:independent regulatory agency
6043:Public utilities commissions
5958:Spark/Dark/Quark/Bark spread
5756:Transmission system operator
5716:Mains electricity by country
5293:Automatic generation control
5163:Joint Typhoon Warning Center
5062:Foreign Agricultural Service
4484:Georgia State Capitol statue
3902:Trade Agreements Act of 1979
3825:Electronic Fund Transfer Act
3755:U.S. Department of Education
3685:1980 Summer Olympics boycott
1643:Van Loo, Rory (2018-08-01).
1474:
1426:distributed energy resources
760:June 5, 2001 â July 8, 2005
299:Independent System Operators
255:Jurisdiction and authorities
7:
5983:List of electricity sectors
5978:Electric energy consumption
5696:High-voltage direct current
5671:Electric power transmission
5661:Electric power distribution
5338:Energy return on investment
4882:National Science Foundation
4804:(dissolved October 1, 2013)
4622:(first cousin once removed)
3940:Synthetic Fuels Corporation
2809:James V. Forrestal Building
1566:High-voltage direct current
1544:
1318:National Energy Act of 1978
1223:February 9, 2024 â present
946:
10:
6445:
5898:Carbon offsets and credits
5616:Three-phase electric power
5057:Food and Nutrition Service
4900:Department of the Interior
4464:Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue
4423:Philadelphia Liberty Medal
4088:State of the Union Address
3999:Antarctic Conservation Act
3815:Community Reinvestment Act
3381:Related Independent Agency
2998:National Laboratory System
2839:Deputy Secretary of Energy
2829:Deputy Secretary of Energy
2519:NYISO 30 OATT Attachment X
2004:– via CambridgeCore.
1229:
6050:
5991:
5966:
5953:Renewable Energy Payments
5876:
5813:
5775:
5629:
5566:
5477:
5442:Fossil fuel power station
5432:
5425:
5414:
5285:
5214:
5181:
5143:
5113:
5105:United States Coast Guard
5090:
5034:Department of Agriculture
5032:
5001:
4956:
4913:Bureau of Land Management
4898:
4855:
4794:
4774:
4753:
4712:
4705:
4629:
4546:
4493:
4456:
4391:
4299:
4227:
4148:
4127:
4118:
4065:
3982:
3925:U.S. Department of Energy
3915:
3877:Motor Carrier Act of 1980
3787:
3720:
3597:EgyptâIsrael peace treaty
3577:
3474:
3436:
3380:
3275:
2996:
2963:
2949:
2904:
2886:
2874:
2863:
2837:
2803:
1371:Energy Policy Act of 2005
1360:Energy Policy Act of 2005
1299:administrative law judges
334:United States Coast Guard
322:Energy Policy Act of 2005
193:U.S. Department of Energy
134:
124:
107:
96:
86:
70:
52:
47:
35:
5736:Single-wire earth return
5676:Electrical busbar system
5333:Energy demand management
5168:Office of Naval Research
4976:Marine Fisheries Service
4908:Bureau of Indian Affairs
4775:United States and Canada
4029:National Priorities List
3855:National security letter
3805:Airline Deregulation Act
3738:Senior Executive Service
3604:TorrijosâCarter Treaties
2957:Office of Nuclear Energy
2941:Office of Nuclear Energy
1577:United States energy law
1455:Order Nos. 1920 and 1977
1241:Federal Power Commission
1235:Federal Power Commission
183:FERC was created by the
78:Federal Power Commission
5867:Residual-current device
5857:Power system protection
5847:Generator interlock kit
5077:Rural Utilities Service
4889:Smithsonian Institution
4341:reaction and commentary
4281:Nairobi Agreement, 1999
4073:Moral Equivalent of War
4009:Clean Water Act of 1977
2406:Richmond Times-Dispatch
2046:www.energy-storage.news
1384:transmission congestion
1262:Natural Gas Act of 1938
5651:Distributed generation
5323:Electric power quality
4958:Department of Commerce
4349:Beyond the White House
4198:running mate selection
4166:running mate selection
4083:A Crisis of Confidence
2691:distributed generation
2118:www.greentechmedia.com
2021:www.greentechmedia.com
1976:Konidena, Rao (2019).
1951:Ko, Ted (2019-10-17).
1428:such as batteries and
284:United States Treasury
58:; 46 years ago
6117:District of Columbia
5923:Fossil fuel phase-out
5691:Electricity retailing
5686:Electrical substation
5666:Electric power system
5191:Climate Policy Office
5145:Department of Defense
5115:Department of Health
4928:National Park Service
4923:Bureau of Reclamation
4849:environmental science
4596:Ruth Carter Stapleton
4578:James Earl Carter Sr.
4326:Our Endangered Values
3830:Executive Order 12086
3774:Executive Order 12172
3762:Executive Order 12148
3690:Executive Order 12036
3619:Executive Order 12170
3542:Judicial appointments
3464:Georgia State Senator
2926:Office of Electricity
1469:environmental justice
1254:and confirmed by the
596:Oliver G. Richard III
233:liquefied natural gas
199:and confirmed by the
178:liquefied natural gas
6045:in the United States
5279:Electricity delivery
5003:Department of Energy
4745:Southwest Power Pool
4584:Lillian Gordy Carter
4418:Silver Buffalo Award
4247:Habitat for Humanity
3624:Operation Eagle Claw
1781:42 U.S.C. § 7172(d).
1736:"Past FERC Chairmen"
1722:"Past Commissioners"
1295:Department of Energy
1065:Curtis L. Hebert Jr.
1035:Elizabeth Anne Moler
866:Colette D. Honorable
736:Curtis L. Hebert Jr.
706:Donald F. Santa, Jr.
666:Elizabeth Anne Moler
56:October 1, 1977
6383:U.S. Virgin Islands
5888:Availability factor
5840:Sulfur hexafluoride
5721:Overhead power line
5621:Virtual power plant
5596:Induction generator
5549:Sustainable biofuel
5358:Home energy storage
5348:Grid energy storage
5313:Droop speed control
5052:Farm Service Agency
4740:PJM Interconnection
4590:Gloria Carter Spann
4413:Freedom of the City
4078:Island of Stability
3947:National Energy Act
3935:Energy Security Act
3897:Revenue Act of 1978
3680:International trips
3667:Goldwater v. Carter
3609:Iran hostage crisis
3532:Political positions
3456:Governor of Georgia
2820:Secretary of Energy
2657:on November 8, 2018
2630:on November 8, 2018
2598:on November 8, 2018
2354:National Press Club
1841:on 19 December 2016
1687:42 U.S.C. § 7172(g)
1649:Faculty Scholarship
1615:"Federal Power Act"
1075:Patrick H. Wood III
994:Raymond J. O'Connor
756:Patrick H. Wood III
746:Linda Key Breathitt
636:Charles A. Trabandt
606:Raymond J. O'Connor
546:Matthew Holden, Jr.
326:market manipulation
217:interstate commerce
32:
5762:Transmission tower
5373:Nameplate capacity
5117:and Human Services
4539:(2007 documentary)
4310:Everything to Gain
4286:One America Appeal
3592:Camp David Accords
2686:The New York Times
1994:10.1557/mre.2019.5
1932:on 30 October 2018
1702:large.stanford.edu
1501:Clean Water Action
1219:Willie L. Phillips
1208:Willie L. Phillips
1085:Joseph T. Kelliher
916:Bernard L. McNamee
776:Joseph T. Kelliher
766:Nora Mead Brownell
500:Past commissioners
369:Willie L. Phillips
310:electricity market
115:Willie L. Phillips
30:
6391:
6390:
6009:
6008:
5913:Environmental tax
5793:Cascading failure
5562:
5561:
5398:Utility frequency
5245:
5244:
5019:Office of Science
4811:
4810:
4790:
4789:
4665:
4664:
4438:Christopher Award
4403:Nobel Peace Prize
4365:White House Diary
4318:The Hornet's Nest
4223:
4222:
4061:
4060:
3887:Staggers Rail Act
3569:Reagan transition
3554:Executive Actions
3396:
3395:
3298:Kansas City Plant
3214:Pacific Northwest
2914:Office of Science
2816:Jennifer Granholm
2449:My Central Jersey
2356:. 15 January 2015
1790:42 U.S.C. § 7174.
1522:in New York State
1496:PennEast Pipeline
1352:(NYISO), and the
1227:
1226:
1168:Kevin J. McIntyre
1055:William L. Massey
973:Georgiana Sheldon
963:Charles B. Curtis
944:
943:
886:Kevin J. McIntyre
816:Philip D. Moeller
716:William L. Massey
616:Charles G. Stalon
536:Georgiana Sheldon
526:Charles B. Curtis
497:
496:
328:and other rules.
146:
145:
125:Parent department
16:(Redirected from
6436:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6013:
6012:
5999:
5998:
5908:Energy subsidies
5862:Protective relay
5803:Rolling blackout
5430:
5429:
5420:
5388:Power-flow study
5328:Electrical fault
5272:
5265:
5258:
5249:
5248:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4815:
4814:
4710:
4709:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4669:
4668:
4654:
4653:
4373:A Call to Action
4125:
4124:
3575:
3574:
3467:
3459:
3448:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3400:
3399:
3303:Nevada Test Site
2869:
2868:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2767:
2766:
2761:Federal Register
2719:
2707:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2629:
2622:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2571:on June 30, 2018
2570:
2559:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2452:. Archived from
2439:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2380:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2310:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2174:
2168:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1928:. Archived from
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1871:. Archived from
1866:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1837:. Archived from
1827:
1821:
1820:
1814:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1755:
1749:
1748:42 U.S.C. § 7134
1746:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1665:. Archived from
1659:
1653:
1652:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1619:
1611:
1561:Custody transfer
1045:James J. Hoecker
1025:Martin L. Allday
1004:Anthony G. Sousa
951:
950:
936:Allison Clements
786:Suedeen G. Kelly
696:James J. Hoecker
676:Martin L. Allday
656:Jerry J. Langdon
586:Anthony G. Sousa
504:
503:
493:
488:
480:
479:
478:
467:
462:
454:
453:
452:
441:
436:
428:
427:
426:
415:
410:
402:
401:
400:
389:
384:
383:December 3, 2021
376:
373:
372:
371:
348:
347:
259:FERC is a large
142:
108:Agency executive
101:Washington, D.C.
71:Preceding agency
66:
64:
59:
40:
33:
29:
21:
6444:
6443:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6434:
6433:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6387:
6046:
6040:
6010:
6005:
5987:
5971:
5969:
5962:
5893:Capacity factor
5881:
5879:
5872:
5852:Numerical relay
5830:Circuit breaker
5818:
5816:
5809:
5771:
5711:Load management
5681:Electrical grid
5646:Demand response
5639:
5634:
5625:
5606:Microgeneration
5558:
5473:
5421:
5412:
5408:Vehicle-to-grid
5281:
5276:
5246:
5241:
5210:
5177:
5139:
5116:
5109:
5086:
5028:
4997:
4991:Weather Service
4971:Geodetic Survey
4952:
4894:
4851:
4842:
4812:
4807:
4786:
4770:
4749:
4735:ISO New England
4701:
4696:
4666:
4661:
4642:Ronald Reagan â
4625:
4620:Hugh Carter Jr.
4554:Rosalynn Carter
4542:
4536:Man from Plains
4489:
4452:
4394:
4387:
4295:
4229:Post-presidency
4219:
4144:
4114:
4057:
3985:
3978:
3911:
3788:Economic policy
3783:
3728:Cannabis policy
3721:Domestic policy
3716:
3649:Algiers Accords
3639:1979 oil crisis
3587:Carter Doctrine
3573:
3559:Rabbit incident
3478:
3470:
3462:
3451:
3440:
3432:
3427:
3397:
3392:
3376:
3271:
2992:
2959:
2945:
2900:
2882:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2833:
2799:
2794:
2726:
2716:
2676:
2674:Further reading
2671:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2588:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2313:
2308:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2184:. July 28, 2023
2176:
2175:
2171:
2159:
2155:
2146:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2122:
2120:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2098:
2096:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2048:. July 13, 2020
2040:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2013:
2009:
1974:
1970:
1961:
1959:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1906:
1904:
1894:
1890:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1864:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1765:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1706:
1704:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1669:on 8 April 2014
1661:
1660:
1656:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1547:
1518:
1477:
1457:
1448:
1440:demand response
1430:demand response
1422:
1401:
1392:
1362:
1337:
1283:
1268:Natural Gas Act
1264:
1237:
1232:
1178:Neil Chatterjee
1158:Neil Chatterjee
1106:Jon Wellinghoff
1095:Jon Wellinghoff
1015:Martha O. Hesse
984:C.M. Butler III
949:
896:Neil Chatterjee
876:Robert Powelson
806:Jon Wellinghoff
726:Vicky A. Bailey
646:Martha O. Hesse
576:C.M. Butler III
566:J. David Hughes
502:
474:
473:
448:
447:
422:
421:
409:January 4, 2021
396:
395:
374:
367:
366:
342:
257:
209:
189:1973 oil crisis
138:
120:
91:U.S. government
82:
62:
60:
57:
48:Agency overview
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6442:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6363:American Samoa
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6298:South Carolina
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6263:North Carolina
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6198:
6192:Massachusetts
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6123:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6054:
6052:
6048:
6047:
6039:
6038:
6031:
6024:
6016:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5980:
5974:
5972:
5968:Statistics and
5967:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5918:Feed-in tariff
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5884:
5882:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5870:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5837:
5827:
5821:
5819:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5706:Interconnector
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5656:Dynamic demand
5653:
5648:
5642:
5640:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5586:Combined cycle
5583:
5578:
5572:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5483:
5481:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5438:
5436:
5427:
5423:
5422:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5363:Load-following
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5318:Electric power
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5282:
5275:
5274:
5267:
5260:
5252:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5187:
5185:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5149:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5121:
5119:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5096:
5094:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5082:Forest Service
5079:
5074:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5038:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5013:
5007:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4962:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4904:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4841:
4840:
4833:
4826:
4818:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4763:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4716:
4714:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4695:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4672:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4646:
4645:
4638:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4617:
4611:
4605:
4599:
4593:
4587:
4581:
4575:
4569:
4563:
4557:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4532:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4481:
4475:
4467:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4399:
4397:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4377:
4369:
4361:
4353:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4305:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4131:
4129:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3952:Energy Tax Act
3944:
3943:
3942:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3730:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3629:Canadian Caper
3626:
3621:
3616:
3606:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3579:Foreign policy
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3460:
3449:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3372:Yucca Mountain
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3138:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2910:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2822:
2812:
2811:
2807:Headquarters:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2725:
2724:External links
2722:
2721:
2720:
2715:978-0393342376
2714:
2698:White, Richard
2694:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2641:
2609:
2582:
2546:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2434:
2425:
2416:
2395:
2367:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2311:
2299:
2288:. May 14, 2024
2273:
2262:. May 14, 2024
2247:
2236:. May 14, 2024
2221:
2210:. May 14, 2024
2195:
2169:
2153:
2129:
2105:
2081:
2059:
2033:
2007:
1968:
1943:
1913:
1902:Law.lclark.edu
1888:
1852:
1822:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1750:
1741:
1727:
1713:
1689:
1680:
1654:
1635:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1546:
1543:
1517:
1514:
1476:
1473:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1446:Order No. 2023
1444:
1442:transactions.
1421:
1420:Order No. 2222
1418:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1390:Order No. 1000
1388:
1366:George W. Bush
1361:
1358:
1336:
1333:
1282:
1279:
1263:
1260:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:Cheryl LaFleur
1143:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1127:Cheryl LaFleur
1123:
1122:
1119:
1116:Cheryl LaFleur
1112:
1111:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1000:
999:
996:
990:
989:
986:
980:
979:
976:
969:
968:
965:
959:
958:
955:
948:
945:
942:
941:
938:
932:
931:
928:
922:
921:
918:
912:
911:
908:
902:
901:
898:
892:
891:
888:
882:
881:
878:
872:
871:
868:
862:
861:
858:
852:
851:
848:
842:
841:
838:
836:Cheryl LaFleur
832:
831:
828:
826:John R. Norris
822:
821:
818:
812:
811:
808:
802:
801:
798:
792:
791:
788:
782:
781:
778:
772:
771:
768:
762:
761:
758:
752:
751:
748:
742:
741:
738:
732:
731:
728:
722:
721:
718:
712:
711:
708:
702:
701:
698:
692:
691:
688:
682:
681:
678:
672:
671:
668:
662:
661:
658:
652:
651:
648:
642:
641:
638:
632:
631:
628:
622:
621:
618:
612:
611:
608:
602:
601:
598:
592:
591:
588:
582:
581:
578:
572:
571:
568:
562:
561:
558:
556:George R. Hall
552:
551:
548:
542:
541:
538:
532:
531:
528:
522:
521:
518:
512:
511:
508:
507:Commissioners
501:
498:
495:
494:
489:
484:
481:
469:
468:
463:
458:
455:
443:
442:
437:
432:
429:
417:
416:
411:
406:
403:
391:
390:
385:
380:
377:
362:
361:
358:
355:
352:
341:
338:
280:federal courts
256:
253:
252:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
229:
226:
223:
220:
208:
207:Primary duties
205:
197:U.S. president
144:
143:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
119:
118:
111:
109:
105:
104:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
81:
80:
74:
72:
68:
67:
54:
50:
49:
45:
44:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6441:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6348:West Virginia
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6243:New Hampshire
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6051:United States
6049:
6044:
6037:
6032:
6030:
6025:
6023:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6002:
5994:
5993:
5990:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5965:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5938:Pigouvian tax
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5875:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5835:Earth-leakage
5833:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5812:
5804:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5776:Failure modes
5774:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5726:Power station
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5611:Rankine cycle
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5591:Cooling tower
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5470:
5467:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5434:Non-renewable
5431:
5428:
5424:
5419:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5353:Grid strength
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5308:Demand factor
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5273:
5268:
5266:
5261:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5213:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5180:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5112:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4981:Ocean Service
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4839:
4834:
4832:
4827:
4825:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4752:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4713:United States
4711:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4693:
4688:
4686:
4681:
4679:
4674:
4673:
4670:
4658:
4657:
4648:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4635:â Gerald Ford
4632:
4631:
4628:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4390:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4237:Carter Center
4235:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4188:1980 campaign
4186:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4156:1976 campaign
4154:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4128:Gubernatorial
4126:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3984:Environmental
3981:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3917:Energy policy
3914:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3547:controversies
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
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2924:
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2917:
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2909:
2907:
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2897:
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2798:
2791:
2786:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2750:Hydroelectric
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2740:LNG Terminals
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2730:Official site
2728:
2727:
2717:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2679:Gies, Erica.
2678:
2677:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2626:
2619:
2613:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2567:
2563:
2556:
2550:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2456:on 2021-07-31
2455:
2451:
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2420:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2399:
2384:
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2327:
2318:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2070:
2063:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1878:on 2017-07-08
1874:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1818:
1811:
1805:
1796:
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1778:
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1760:
1754:
1745:
1737:
1731:
1723:
1717:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1628:September 11,
1623:
1616:
1610:
1606:
1595:
1594:BIG WIRES Act
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
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1525:
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1497:
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1481:
1472:
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1466:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1399:Order No. 841
1396:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1364:In 2001, the
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1335:Order No. 888
1332:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1266:In 1938, the
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1198:Richard Glick
1196:
1195:
1191:
1189:
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1185:
1181:
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1175:
1171:
1169:
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1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
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1002:
1001:
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987:
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981:
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971:
970:
966:
964:
961:
960:
957:Years Served
956:
953:
952:
939:
937:
934:
933:
929:
927:
924:
923:
919:
917:
914:
913:
909:
907:
906:Richard Glick
904:
903:
899:
897:
894:
893:
889:
887:
884:
883:
879:
877:
874:
873:
869:
867:
864:
863:
859:
857:
854:
853:
849:
847:
844:
843:
839:
837:
834:
833:
829:
827:
824:
823:
819:
817:
814:
813:
809:
807:
804:
803:
799:
797:
794:
793:
789:
787:
784:
783:
779:
777:
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769:
767:
764:
763:
759:
757:
754:
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747:
744:
743:
739:
737:
734:
733:
729:
727:
724:
723:
719:
717:
714:
713:
709:
707:
704:
703:
699:
697:
694:
693:
689:
687:
686:Branko Terzic
684:
683:
679:
677:
674:
673:
669:
667:
664:
663:
659:
657:
654:
653:
649:
647:
644:
643:
639:
637:
634:
633:
629:
627:
624:
623:
619:
617:
614:
613:
609:
607:
604:
603:
599:
597:
594:
593:
589:
587:
584:
583:
579:
577:
574:
573:
569:
567:
564:
563:
559:
557:
554:
553:
549:
547:
544:
543:
539:
537:
534:
533:
529:
527:
524:
523:
519:
517:
514:
513:
510:Years Served
509:
506:
505:
492:June 30, 2029
490:
487:July 15, 2024
485:
482:
477:
471:
470:
466:June 30, 2028
464:
461:June 28, 2024
459:
456:
451:
445:
444:
440:June 30, 2027
438:
435:June 17, 2024
433:
430:
425:
419:
418:
414:June 30, 2025
412:
407:
404:
399:
398:Mark Christie
393:
392:
388:June 30, 2026
386:
381:
378:
370:
364:
363:
360:Term expires
359:
356:
353:
350:
349:
346:
340:Commissioners
337:
335:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
303:electric grid
300:
296:
291:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
266:
263:, within the
262:
249:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
214:
213:
212:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:U.S. Congress
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
141:
137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
116:
113:
112:
110:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
79:
76:
75:
73:
69:
55:
51:
46:
39:
34:
19:
6303:South Dakota
6293:Rhode Island
6288:Pennsylvania
6268:North Dakota
6065:
5933:Net metering
5880:and policies
5798:Power outage
5767:Utility pole
5731:Pumped hydro
5637:distribution
5632:Transmission
5581:Cogeneration
5383:Power factor
4887:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4847:involved in
4649:
4640:
4633:
4608:Emily Dolvin
4602:Billy Carter
4572:Jason Carter
4534:
4528:Jimmy Carter
4526:
4522:UFO incident
4472:Jimmy Carter
4471:
4448:Grammy Award
4433:Hoover Medal
4379:
4371:
4363:
4355:
4347:
4332:
4324:
4316:
4308:
4149:Presidential
3929:
3810:Carter bonds
3665:
3525:January 1981
3495:Inauguration
3430:Jimmy Carter
3387:
2703:
2684:
2659:. Retrieved
2655:the original
2644:
2632:. Retrieved
2625:the original
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2596:the original
2585:
2573:. Retrieved
2566:the original
2561:
2549:
2537:. Retrieved
2534:3.dps.my.gov
2533:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2458:. Retrieved
2454:the original
2447:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2386:. Retrieved
2382:
2370:
2358:. Retrieved
2353:
2344:
2335:
2326:
2290:. Retrieved
2285:
2276:
2264:. Retrieved
2259:
2250:
2238:. Retrieved
2233:
2224:
2212:. Retrieved
2207:
2198:
2186:. Retrieved
2181:
2172:
2160:
2156:
2145:. Retrieved
2142:Canary Media
2141:
2132:
2121:. Retrieved
2117:
2108:
2097:. Retrieved
2093:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2045:
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2020:
2010:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1960:. Retrieved
1957:Utility Dive
1956:
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1930:the original
1925:
1916:
1905:. Retrieved
1901:
1891:
1880:. Retrieved
1873:the original
1868:
1855:
1843:. Retrieved
1839:the original
1834:
1825:
1816:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1766:. Retrieved
1762:
1753:
1744:
1730:
1716:
1705:. Retrieved
1701:
1692:
1683:
1671:. Retrieved
1667:the original
1663:"About FERC"
1657:
1648:
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1621:
1609:
1581:
1535:
1526:
1519:
1510:
1506:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1462:
1458:
1449:
1433:
1423:
1402:
1393:
1375:
1363:
1338:
1326:
1310:cogeneration
1307:
1284:
1272:
1265:
1245:
1238:
796:Marc Spitzer
516:Don S. Smith
424:David Rosner
357:Took office
343:
330:
307:
292:
288:
268:
258:
210:
182:
153:
149:
147:
140:www.FERC.gov
97:Headquarters
87:Jurisdiction
6378:Puerto Rico
6218:Mississippi
6108:Connecticut
5928:Load factor
5783:Black start
5751:Transformer
5452:Natural gas
5403:Variability
5378:Peak demand
5368:Merit order
5298:Backfeeding
4614:Hugh Carter
4560:Jack Carter
4516:Mary Prince
4500:Residences
4381:A Full Life
4276:White House
3695:Refugee Act
3466:(1963â1967)
3458:(1971â1975)
3447:(1977â1981)
3330:Rocky Flats
3283:Fernald NLO
2745:Natural Gas
2735:Electricity
2661:November 7,
2634:November 7,
2602:November 8,
2575:November 7,
2539:November 7,
2074:January 16,
2052:January 16,
2026:January 16,
1869:Emp.lbl.gov
1624:. p. 1
1188:James Danly
926:James Danly
483:Democratic
457:Republican
450:Lindsay See
431:Democratic
405:Republican
379:Democratic
297:(RTOs) and
201:U.S. Senate
166:natural gas
162:electricity
6398:Categories
6343:Washington
6253:New Mexico
6248:New Jersey
6098:California
5970:production
5815:Protective
5746:Super grid
5741:Smart grid
5568:Generation
5502:Geothermal
5393:Repowering
4574:(grandson)
4568:(daughter)
4566:Amy Carter
4504:Birthplace
4395:and honors
4259:The Elders
4203:convention
4171:convention
3705:FISA Court
3490:Transition
3476:Presidency
3158:Los Alamos
3080:Brookhaven
2825:David Turk
2165:No. 14â840
2147:2022-04-07
2123:2022-04-07
2099:2022-04-07
1962:2019-10-17
1907:2018-12-22
1882:2018-12-22
1768:2018-12-22
1707:2024-03-19
1601:References
1530:power pool
1137:Norman Bay
856:Norman Bay
846:Tony Clark
626:C.M. Naeve
476:Judy Chang
117:, Chairman
63:1977-10-01
6353:Wisconsin
6308:Tennessee
6213:Minnesota
6178:Louisiana
5878:Economics
5601:Micro CHP
5479:Renewable
5462:Petroleum
5457:Oil shale
5343:Grid code
5303:Base load
4604:(brother)
4470:USS
4193:primaries
4161:primaries
4120:Elections
4019:Superfund
3820:DIDMC Act
3187:Oak Ridge
3141:Livermore
2388:3 January
2383:Press.org
2360:3 January
2002:182646294
1936:3 January
1845:3 January
1810:"Statute"
1475:Criticism
1379:penalties
1252:President
1210:(Acting)
1149:(Acting)
1118:(Acting)
1097:(Acting)
1006:(Acting)
975:(Acting)
954:Chairmen
272:President
170:petroleum
6338:Virginia
6278:Oklahoma
6258:New York
6233:Nebraska
6223:Missouri
6208:Michigan
6188:Maryland
6173:Kentucky
6153:Illinois
6113:Delaware
6103:Colorado
6093:Arkansas
6057:Federal
6001:Category
5788:Brownout
5576:AC power
5286:Concepts
4656:Category
4616:(cousin)
4598:(sister)
4592:(sister)
4586:(mother)
4580:(father)
4213:election
4181:election
4066:Speeches
3500:Timeline
3481:timeline
3112:Fermilab
3043:Berkeley
2700:(2012).
2562:Ferc.gov
2460:July 31,
2412:purpose.
1926:Ferc.gov
1835:Ferc.gov
1622:ferc.gov
1545:See also
1287:Congress
947:Chairmen
276:Congress
174:pipeline
156:) is an
6358:Wyoming
6333:Vermont
6228:Montana
6158:Indiana
6138:Georgia
6133:Florida
6088:Arizona
6078:Alabama
5817:devices
5527:Thermal
5522:Osmotic
5517:Current
5497:Biomass
5487:Biofuel
5469:Nuclear
5426:Sources
5215:Defunct
4706:Current
4518:(nanny)
4494:Related
4337:(2006)
4208:debates
4176:debates
3537:Cabinet
3313:Area 20
3308:Area 19
3288:Hanford
3100:NSLS II
3011:Argonne
2759:in the
2292:May 15,
2266:May 15,
2240:May 15,
2214:May 15,
2188:May 15,
1988:: 1â3.
1817:Gpo.gov
1763:Pbs.org
1289:passed
1230:History
375:(Chair)
135:Website
61: (
6312:Texas
6283:Oregon
6238:Nevada
6168:Kansas
6143:Hawaii
6083:Alaska
5512:Marine
5492:Biogas
4795:Former
4754:Canada
4610:(aunt)
4556:(wife)
4547:Family
4486:(1994)
4480:(1987)
4466:(1976)
4457:Legacy
4393:Awards
4384:(2015)
4376:(2014)
4368:(2010)
4360:(2009)
4352:(2007)
4329:(2006)
4321:(2003)
4313:(1987)
3986:policy
3325:Pantex
3248:Sandia
3175:Albany
3163:DARHTF
3063:NERSCC
2712:
2000:
1573:(NERC)
1408:, the
1256:Senate
354:Party
103:, U.S.
53:Formed
6183:Maine
6148:Idaho
6126:WMATC
5869:(GFI)
5758:(TSO)
5544:Solar
5532:Tidal
5507:Hydro
4725:NYISO
4720:CAISO
4562:(son)
4301:Books
3320:NHHOR
3146:NARAC
3124:Idaho
3031:ATLAS
2628:(PDF)
2621:(PDF)
2569:(PDF)
2558:(PDF)
2379:(PDF)
1998:S2CID
1876:(PDF)
1865:(PDF)
1813:(PDF)
1673:9 Apr
1618:(PDF)
351:Name
314:Enron
6373:Guam
6328:Utah
6273:Ohio
6163:Iowa
6066:FERC
5635:and
5554:Wind
5537:Wave
5447:Coal
4802:NBSO
4761:AESO
4509:Home
4140:1970
4135:1966
4108:1981
4103:1980
4098:1979
4093:1978
3520:1980
3515:1979
3510:1978
3505:1977
3453:76th
3442:39th
3367:Y-12
3362:WIPP
3340:ETEC
3335:SSFL
3293:K-25
3265:SSRL
3260:SLAC
3243:SRNL
3236:TFTR
3231:NSTX
3226:PPPL
3219:EMSL
3207:NCCS
3202:HFIR
3197:CNMS
3182:NREL
3170:NETL
3136:JLab
3129:RESL
3105:RHIC
3095:NSLS
3058:NCEM
3006:Ames
2919:OSTI
2710:ISBN
2663:2018
2636:2018
2604:2018
2577:2018
2541:2018
2462:2021
2390:2019
2362:2019
2294:2024
2268:2024
2242:2024
2216:2024
2190:2024
2094:FERC
2076:2021
2054:2020
2028:2021
1938:2019
1847:2019
1675:2014
1630:2024
1239:The
274:and
270:The
164:and
154:FERC
148:The
18:FERC
6321:RRC
6316:PUC
6201:DTC
6196:DPU
6121:PUC
6071:FCC
6061:DOE
3357:SPR
3352:SRS
3345:SRE
3192:SNS
3151:NIF
3117:TeV
3090:CFN
3085:AGS
3073:JGI
3068:ESN
3048:ALS
3036:EMC
3026:APS
3021:CNM
3016:NBL
1990:doi
1346:PJM
312:by
172:by
6400::
3053:MF
2827:,
2818:,
2683:,
2560:.
2532:.
2446:.
2381:.
2352:.
2314:^
2302:^
2284:.
2258:.
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2206:.
2180:.
2163:,
2140:.
2116:.
2092:.
2044:.
2019:.
1996:.
1984:.
1980:.
1955:.
1924:.
1900:.
1867:.
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2126:.
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2078:.
2056:.
2030:.
1992::
1986:6
1965:.
1940:.
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1885:.
1849:.
1819:.
1771:.
1738:.
1724:.
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1677:.
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235:;
219:;
152:(
65:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
