Intensive animal farming

1416:(CAFO) that discharges or proposes to discharge waste requires a permit and implementation of a plan for management of manure nutrients, contaminants, wastewater, etc., as applicable, to meet requirements pursuant to the federal Clean Water Act. Some data on regulatory compliance and enforcement are available. In 2000, the US Environmental Protection Agency published 5-year and 1-year data on environmental performance of 32 industries, with data for the livestock industry being derived mostly from inspections of CAFOs. The data pertain to inspections and enforcement mostly under the Clean Water Act, but also under the Clean Air Act and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Of the 32 industries, livestock production was among the top seven for environmental performance over the 5-year period, and was one of the top two in the final year of that period, where good environmental performance is indicated by a low ratio of enforcement orders to inspections. The five-year and final-year ratios of enforcement/inspections for the livestock industry were 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. Also in the final year, the livestock industry was one of the two leaders among the 32 industries in terms of having the lowest percentage of facilities with violations. In Canada, intensive livestock operations are subject to provincial regulation, with definitions of regulated entities varying among provinces. Examples include Intensive Livestock Operations (Saskatchewan), Confined Feeding Operations (Alberta), Feedlots (British Columbia), High-density Permanent Outdoor Confinement Areas (Ontario) and Feedlots or Parcs d'Engraissement (Manitoba). In Canada, intensive animal production, like other agricultural sectors, is also subject to various other federal and provincial requirements. 1325: 1709:, growth hormones are banned on the basis that there is no way of determining a safe level. The UK has stated that in the event of the EU raising the ban at some future date, to comply with a precautionary approach, it would only consider the introduction of specific hormones, proven on a case-by-case basis. In 1998, the EU banned feeding animals antibiotics that were found to be valuable for human health. Furthermore, in 2006 the EU banned all drugs for livestock that were used for growth promotion purposes. As a result of these bans, the levels of antibiotic resistance in animal products and within the human population showed a decrease. 1241: 974: 44: 875:

Kingdom and other industrialized nations, commenced factory farming of beef and dairy cattle and domestic pigs. In 1967, there were one million pig farms in America; as of 2002, there were 114,000. From its American and West European heartland, intensive animal farming became globalized in the later years of the 20th century and is still expanding and replacing traditional practices of stock rearing in an increasing number of countries. In 1990 intensive animal farming accounted for 30% of world meat production and by 2005, this had risen to 40%.

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and all pigs lack sweat glands and cannot cool themselves. Pigs have a limited tolerance to high temperatures and heat stress can lead to death. Maintaining a more specific temperature within the pig-tolerance range also maximizes growth and growth to feed ratio. In an intensive operation pigs will lack access to a wallow (mud), which is their natural cooling mechanism. Intensive piggeries control temperature through ventilation or drip water systems (dropping water to cool the system).

11283: 11271: 677: 10686: 8767: 5870: 1494: 1126:). Larger intensive pig farms may be surrounded by farmland where feed-grain crops are grown. Alternatively, piggeries are reliant on the grains industry. Pig feed may be bought packaged or mixed on-site. The intensive piggery system, where pigs are confined in individual stalls, allows each pig to be allotted a portion of feed. The individual feeding system also facilitates individual medication of pigs through feed. This has more significance to 5882: 1938: 5906: 993:

kept, putting three hens into what had been a single-bird cage or converting their floor-confinement houses from a single deck of roosts to triple-decker roosts. Not long after this, prices fell still further and large numbers of egg farmers left the business. This fall in profitability was accompanied by a general fall in prices to the consumer, allowing poultry and eggs to lose their status as luxury foods.

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since they have less than 300 cows. These farms are not regulated to the level that CAFOs are. Which may lead to unchecked pollution and nutrient leaching. The EPA website illustrates the scale of this problem by saying in New York State's Bay watershed there are 247 animal feeding operations and only 68 of them are State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) permitted CAFOs.

985:, which made it possible to keep chickens in confinement year-round. Before this, chickens did not thrive during the winter (due to lack of sunlight), and egg production, incubation, and meat production in the off-season were all very difficult, making poultry a seasonal and expensive proposition. Year-round production lowered costs, especially for broilers. 1295:, fermentation products, and other essential ingredients that are purchased from premix companies, usually in sacked form, for blending into commercial rations. Because of the availability of these products, farmers using their own grain can formulate their own rations and be assured the animals are getting the recommended levels of minerals and vitamins. 1686:, are increasingly linked to environmental changes associated with intensive animal farming. The disruption of pristine forests driven by logging, mining, road building through remote places, rapid urbanisation and population growth is bringing people into closer contact with animal species they may never have been near before. According to 1764:, and more than half of those bacteria – 52 percent – were resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics. Although Staph should be killed with proper cooking, it may still pose a risk to consumers through improper food handling and cross-contamination in the kitchen. The senior author of the study said, "The fact that drug-resistant 1757:. Cases of MRSA have increased in livestock animals. CC398 is a new clone of MRSA that has emerged in animals and is found in intensively reared production animals (primarily pigs, but also cattle and poultry), where it can be transmitted to humans. Although dangerous to humans, CC398 is often asymptomatic in food-producing animals. 1017:

nutritional modifications (but not the use of growth hormones, which are illegal for use in poultry in the US and many other countries, and have no effect). Once a meat consumed only occasionally, the common availability and lower cost has made chicken a common meat product within developed nations. Growing concerns over the

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and growth control. It also prevents pig aggression (e.g. tail biting, ear biting, vulva biting, food stealing). Group pens generally require higher stockmanship skills. Such pens will usually not contain straw or other material. Alternatively, a straw-lined shed may house a larger group (i.e. not batched) in age groups.

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In Europe, they are generally butchered after a single season. The laying period begins when the hen is about 18–20 weeks old (depending on breed and season). Males of the egg-type breeds have little commercial value at any age, and all those not used for breeding (roughly fifty percent of all egg-type chickens) are

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infection, their beaks, tails and teeth are removed. Many piglets will die of shock after having their teeth and tails removed, because painkilling medicines are not used in these operations. Factory farms are a popular way to gain space, with animals such as chickens being kept in spaces smaller than an

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In April 2009, lawmakers in the Mexican state of Veracruz accused large-scale hog and poultry operations of being breeding grounds of a pandemic swine flu, although they did not present scientific evidence to support their claim. A swine flu which have quickly killed more than 100 infected persons in

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are used to control organisms which are considered harmful and they save farmers money by preventing product losses to pests. In the US, about a quarter of pesticides used are used in houses, yards, parks, golf courses, and swimming pools and about 70% are used in agriculture. However, pesticides can

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In 2012 Australia's largest supermarket chain, Coles, announced that as of January 1, 2013, they will stop selling company branded pork and eggs from animals kept in factory farms. The nation's other dominant supermarket chain, Woolworths, has already begun phasing out factory farmed animal products.

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In the United States there is an attempt to regulate farms in the most realistic way possible. The easiest way to effectively regulate the most animals with a limited number of resources and time is to regulate the large farms. In New York State many Animal Feeding Operations are not considered CAFOs

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Intensive piggeries are generally large warehouse-like buildings. Indoor pig systems allow the pig's condition to be monitored, ensuring minimum fatalities and increased productivity. Buildings are ventilated and their temperature regulated. Most domestic pig varieties are susceptible to heat stress,

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Before "factory farming" became a pejorative, agricultural scholars of the mid-20th century were calling for farmers to do just that -- become more factorylike and businesslike. From that time, farm sizes have risen significantly. It is precisely this large size that is often criticized today in the

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Improvements in production and quality were accompanied by lower labor requirements. In the 1930s through the early 1950s, 1,500 hens provided a full-time job for a farm family in America. In the late 1950s, egg prices had fallen so dramatically that farmers typically tripled the number of hens they

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in general. Advocates of factory farming claim that factory farming has led to the betterment of housing, nutrition, and disease control over the last twenty years; however, these claims have been debunked. It has been shown that factory farming harms wildlife, the environment, creates health risks,

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can reduce oxygen in surface waters and contaminate drinking water; pesticides and hormones may cause hormone-related changes in fish; animal feed and feathers may stunt the growth of desirable plants in surface waters and provide nutrients to disease-causing micro-organisms; trace elements such as

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As of 2010, in the U.S. 766,350 producers participate in raising beef. The beef industry is segmented with the bulk of the producers participating in raising beef calves. Beef calves are generally raised in small herds, with over 90% of the herds having less than 100 head of cattle. Fewer producers

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and removed from the sows at between two and five weeks old and placed in sheds. However, grower pigs – which comprise the bulk of the herd – are usually housed in alternative indoor housing, such as batch pens. During pregnancy, the use of a stall may be preferred as it facilitates feed-management

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Piglets often receive range of treatments including castration, tail docking to reduce tail biting, teeth clipped (to reduce injuring their mother's nipples, gum disease and prevent later tusk growth) and their ears notched to assist identification. Treatments are usually made without pain killers.

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On average, a chicken lays one egg a day, but not on every day of the year. This varies with the breed and time of year. In 1900, average egg production was 83 eggs per hen per year. In 2000, it was well over 300. In the United States, laying hens are butchered after their second egg laying season.

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Small farmers are often absorbed into factory farm operations, acting as contract growers for the industrial facilities. In the case of poultry contract growers, farmers are required to make costly investments in construction of sheds to house the birds, buy required feed and drugs – often settling

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The major concentration of the industry occurs at the slaughter and meat processing phase, with only four companies slaughtering and processing 81 percent of cows, 73 percent of sheep, 57 percent of pigs and 50 percent of chickens. This concentration at the slaughter phase may be in large part due

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Intensive farming may make the evolution and spread of harmful diseases easier. Many communicable animal diseases spread rapidly through densely spaced populations of animals and crowding makes genetic reassortment more likely. However, small family farms are more likely to introduce bird diseases

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Factory farming is greatly debated throughout Australia, with many people disagreeing with the methods and ways in which the animals in factory farms are treated. Animals are often under stress from being kept in confined spaces and will attack each other. In an effort to prevent injury leading to

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There are differences around the world as to which practices are accepted and there continue to be changes in regulations with animal welfare being a strong driver for increased regulation. For example, the EU is bringing in further regulation to set maximum stocking densities for meat chickens by

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In the United States, the use of antibiotics in livestock is still prevalent. The FDA reports that 80 percent of all antibiotics sold in 2009 were administered to livestock animals, and that many of these antibiotics are identical or closely related to drugs used for treating illnesses in humans.

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emissions and is predicted to become more so. On intensive pig farms, the animals are generally kept on concrete with slats or grates for the manure to drain through. The manure is usually stored in slurry form (slurry is a liquid mixture of urine and feces). During storage on farm, slurry emits

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Agricultural production across the world doubled four times between 1820 and 1975 (1820 to 1920; 1920 to 1950; 1950 to 1965; and 1965 to 1975) to feed a global population of one billion human beings in 1800 and 6.5 billion in 2002. During the same period, the number of people involved in farming

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Bollongino, Ruth & al. Molecular Biology and Evolution. "Modern Taurine Cattle descended from small number of Near-Eastern founders". March 7, 2012. Accessed April 2, 2012. Op. cit. in Wilkins, Alasdair. io9.com. "DNA reveals that cows were almost impossible to domesticate". March 28, 2012.

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An action plan was proposed by the USDA in February 2009, called the Utilization of Manure and Other Agricultural and Industrial Byproducts. This program's goal is to protect the environment and human and animal health by using manure in a safe and effective manner. In order for this to happen,

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Indoor systems, especially stalls and pens (i.e. 'dry', not straw-lined systems) allow for the easy collection of waste. In an indoor intensive pig farm, manure can be managed through a lagoon system or other waste-management system. However, odor remains a problem which is difficult to manage.

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granted subsidies to farmers to encourage greater output by introducing new technology, in order to reduce Britain's reliance on imported meat. The United Nations writes that "intensification of animal production was seen as a way of providing food security." In 1966, the United States, United

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for butchering and processing into prepackaged commercial products to be frozen or shipped fresh to markets or wholesalers. Meat-type chickens currently grow to market weight in six to seven weeks, whereas only fifty years ago it took three times as long. This is due to genetic selection and

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Research has shown that many immigrant workers in concentrated animal farming operations (CAFOs) in the United States receive little to no job-specific training or safety and health information regarding the hazards associated with these jobs. Workers with limited English proficiency are

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that drives down prices. Through "forward contracts" and "marketing agreements", meatpackers are able to set the price of livestock long before they are ready for production. These strategies often cause farmers to lose money, as half of all U.S. family farming operations did in 2007.

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In the United States alone, over 20 million chickens, 330,000 pigs and 166,000 cattle die during transport to slaughterhouses annually, and some 800,000 pigs are incapable of walking upon arrival. This is often due to being exposed to extreme temperatures and trauma.

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to regulatory barriers that may make it financially difficult for small slaughter plants to be built, maintained or remain in business. Factory farming may be no more beneficial to livestock producers than traditional farming because it appears to contribute to

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dropped as the process became more automated. In the 1930s, 24 percent of the American population worked in agriculture compared to 1.5 percent in 2002; in 1940, each farm worker supplied 11 consumers, whereas in 2002, each worker supplied 90 consumers.

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Ideally, the biological and chemical processes in such a system should balance. This is achieved through the appropriate selection and proportions of different species providing different ecosystem functions. The co-cultured species should not just be

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At the same time, egg production was increased by scientific breeding. After a few false starts, (such as the Maine Experiment Station's failure at improving egg production) success was shown by Professor Dryden at the Oregon Experiment Station.

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2010, where the UK Animal Welfare Minister commented, "The welfare of meat chickens is a major concern to people throughout the European Union. This agreement sends a strong message to the rest of the world that we care about animal welfare."

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is similarly limited. Originally passed in 1958, the Act requires that livestock be stunned into unconsciousness prior to slaughter. This Act also excludes birds, who make up more than 90 percent of the animals slaughtered for food, as well as

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and welfare campaigners. As a result, gestation crates, one of the more contentious practices, are the subject of laws in the U.S., Europe and around the world to phase out their use as a result of pressure to adopt less confined practices.

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The aim is to produce large quantities of meat, eggs, or milk at the lowest possible cost. Food is supplied in place. Methods employed to maintain health and improve production may include the use of disinfectants, antimicrobial agents,

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Consequently, many of these drugs are losing their effectiveness on humans, and the total healthcare costs associated with drug-resistant bacterial infections in the United States are between $ 16.6 billion and $ 26 billion annually.

1567:. According to pork producers and many veterinarians, sows will fight if housed in pens. The largest pork producer in the U.S. said in January 2007 that it will phase out gestation crates by 2017. They are being phased out in the 911:

Many of the nation's livestock producers would like to market livestock directly to consumers but with limited USDA inspected slaughter facilities, livestock grown locally can not typically be slaughtered and processed locally.

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Neori, A; Chopin, T; Troell, M; Buschmann, AH; Kraemer, GP; Halling, C; Shpigel, M; Yarish, C (2004). "Integrated aquaculture: rationale, evolution and state of the art emphasizing seaweed biofiltration in modern mariculture".

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Robert Plamondon reports that the last family chicken farm in his part of Oregon, Rex Farms, had 30,000 layers and survived into the 1990s. However, the standard laying house of the current operators is around 125,000 hens.

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soon after hatching. The old hens also have little commercial value. Thus, the main sources of poultry meat 100 years ago (spring chickens and stewing hens) have both been entirely supplanted by meat-type broiler chickens.

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of the egg and poultry industries was a late development, occurring after all the major technological changes had been in place for years (including the development of modern broiler rearing techniques, the adoption of the

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Chopin, T; Buschmann, AH; Halling, C; Troell, M; Kautsky, N; Neori, A; Kraemer, GP; Zertuche-Gonzalez, JA; Yarish, C; Neefus, C (2001). "Integrating seaweeds into marine aquaculture systems: a key toward sustainability".

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The CDC writes that chemical, bacterial, and viral compounds from animal waste may travel in the soil and water. Residents near such farms report problems such as unpleasant smell, flies and adverse health effects.

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is commonly practiced in the US, in which manipulation of light and food access triggers molting, in order to increase egg size and production. Forced molting is controversial, and is prohibited in the EU.

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methods of recent decades ... In the wake of the spread of BSE from the UK to the continent of Africa, the German Government has appointed an Agriculture Minister from the Green Party. She intends to end

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methods of recent decades ... In the wake of the spread of BSE from the UK to the continent of Europe, the German Government has appointed an Agriculture Minister from the Green Party. She intends to end

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The way animals are housed in intensive systems varies. Breeding sows spend the bulk of their time in sow stalls during pregnancy or farrowing crates, with their litters, until to be sent for the market.

831:, utilizing scientific discoveries and technological advances to enable changes in agricultural methods that increase production. Innovations from the late 19th century generally parallel developments in 959:(FAO) estimates of industrial production as a percentage of global production were 7 percent for beef and veal, 0.8 percent for sheep and goat meat, 42 percent for pork, and 67 percent for poultry meat. 1028:

Today, eggs are produced on large egg ranches on which environmental parameters are well controlled. Chickens are exposed to artificial light cycles to stimulate egg production year-round. In addition,

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significantly less likely to receive any work-related training, since it is often only provided in English. As a result, many workers do not perceive their jobs as dangerous. This causes inconsistent

1614:(CDC), farms on which animals are intensively reared can cause adverse health reactions in farm workers. Workers may develop acute and chronic lung disease, musculoskeletal injuries, and may catch 2676: 1390:, but harvestable crops of commercial value. A working IMTA system should result in greater production for the overall system, based on mutual benefits to the co-cultured species and improved 1298:

There are many potential impacts on human health due to the modern cattle industrial agriculture system. There are concerns surrounding the antibiotics and growth hormones used, increased

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Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), also called integrated aquaculture, is a practice in which the by-products (wastes) from one species are recycled to become inputs (

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Industrial production was estimated to account for 39 percent of the sum of global production of these meats and 50 percent of total egg production. In the US, according to its

11308: 1451:, an initiated law was approved by voters in 2008. Regulations have been enacted in other states and plans are underway for referendum and lobbying campaigns in other states. 3061: 1532:

in 1979 and expresses its policy as five freedoms: from hunger and thirst; from discomfort; from pain, injury or disease; to express normal behavior; from fear and distress.

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announced the plan of a ban on cages for a number of animals, including egg-laying hens, female breeding pigs, calves raised for veal, rabbits, ducks, and geese, by 2027.

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was so prevalent, and likely came from the food animals themselves, is troubling, and demands attention to how antibiotics are used in food-animal production today."

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de Neeling AJ, van den Broek MJ, Spalburg EC, van Santen-Verheuvel MG, Dam-Deisz WD, Boshuizen HC, van de Giessen AW, van Duijkeren E, Huijsdens XW (June 21, 2007).

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By the late 1950s, poultry production had changed dramatically. Large farms and packing plants could grow birds by the tens of thousands. Chickens could be sent to

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methods, as the close proximity to other animals enables diseases to spread more rapidly. To prevent disease spreading and encourage growth, drug programs such as

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up to slaughter weight. In this system, grower pigs are housed indoors in group-housing or straw-lined sheds, whilst pregnant sows are confined in sow stalls (

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US EPA. 2000. Profile of the agricultural livestock production industry. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Compliance. EPA/310-R-00-002. 156 pp.

11096: 9325: 8166: 4473: 4099: 3108:"Perception of Job-Related Risk, Training, and Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) among Latino Immigrant Hog CAFO Workers in Missouri: A Pilot Study" 3021:

FAO. 2007. The state of the world's animal genetic resources for food and agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome. 511 pp.

2209:, United Nations: "Fifty years ago in Europe, intensification of animal production was seen as the road to national food security and a better diet ... The 3827: 4137: 2457: 9240: 5173: 3345: 2684: 1636:"Studies have discovered an increase in respiratory, neurobehavioral, and mental illnesses among the residents of communities next to factory farms." 2069: 4086:

Barnett JL, Hemsworth PH, Cronin GM, Jongman EC, and Hutson GD. 2001. "A review of the welfare issues for sows and piglets in relation to housing",

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There is a continuing debate over the benefits, risks and ethics of intensive animal farming. The issues include the efficiency of food production,

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In various jurisdictions, intensive animal production of some kinds is subject to regulation for environmental protection. In the United States, a

924:(PPE) use, and can lead to workplace accidents and injuries. Immigrant workers are also less likely to report any workplace hazards and injuries. 8318: 4659: 10377: 5855: 5510: 5473: 4850:"Joint scientific report of ECDC, EFSA and EMEA on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in livestock, companion animals and food" 4015: 1810:. The process in which feed needs to be grown for animal use only is often grown using intensive methods which involve a significant amount of 598: 558: 76: 4729: 4154: 1473:

All of Woolworth's house brand eggs are now cage-free, and by mid-2013 all of their pork will come from farmers who operate stall-free farms.

11224: 10935: 10397: 2883: 2773: 2757: 2431: 10800: 10722: 6026: 5208: 2146: 4118: 847:, in the first two decades of the 20th century, led to vitamin supplements, which allowed chickens to be raised indoors. The discovery of 10631: 9912: 9170: 7993: 7937: 4993: 2730: 1735: 1367:(biomitigation), economic stability (product diversification and risk reduction) and social acceptability (better management practices). 5115: 4598: 4090:. Cited in: Pajor EA. 2002. "Group housing of sows in small pens: advantages, disadvantages and recent research", In: Reynells R (ed.), 3753:

Chopin, T (2006). "Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture. What it is, and why you should care... and don't confuse it with polyculture".

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National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2010;

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A 2011 nationwide study reported nearly half of the meat and poultry sold in U.S. grocery stores – 47 percent – was contaminated with

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Testimony by Leland Swenson, president of the U.S. National Farmers' Union, before the House Judiciary Committee, September 12, 2000.

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The CDC has identified a number of pollutants associated with the discharge of animal waste into rivers and lakes, and into the air.

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and many were resistant to other antimicrobials. A more recent study found that MRSA ST398 isolates were less susceptible to

1413: 1069: 705: 4871: 4511: 4367: 2652:"The Welfare of Intensively Kept Pigs – Report of the Scientific Veterinary Committee – Adopted 30 September 1997 9245: 8065: 7604: 6347: 4202: 3999: 1319: 4281: 3287:"Growth, livability, and feed conversion of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets" 1745:

pig farms had pigs with MRSA and 39% of animals at slaughter carried the bug were all of the infections were resistant to

863:. Developments in shipping networks and technology have made long-distance distribution of agricultural produce feasible. 10940: 10613: 10237: 9210: 8489: 6694: 5725: 4626:"Non-therapeutic Use of Antibiotics in Animal Agriculture, Corresponding Resistance Rates, and What Can be Done About It" 2064: 1725: 4302: 2319: 1555:, but it is recognized that it is a method of last resort, seen as better than allowing vicious fighting and ultimately 8614: 7957: 7867: 5755: 4230: 3039: 2998: 2836: 2217:– were characterised by confinement of the animals at high stocking density, often in barren and unnatural conditions." 1694:, the resulting transmission of disease from wildlife to humans is now "a hidden cost of human economic development". 1563:

in the U.S. are confined during pregnancy, and for most of their adult lives, in 2 by 7 ft (0.61 by 2.13 m)

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which consists of corn byproducts (derived from ethanol production), barley, and other grains as well as alfalfa and

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Once cattle obtain an entry-level weight, about 650 pounds (290 kg), they are transferred from the range to a

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The international trade in animal products increases the risk of global transmission of virulent diseases such as

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In Ohio animal welfare organizations reached a negotiated settlement with farm organizations while in California,

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Machovina, B; Feeley, KJ; Ripple, WJ (2015). "Biodiversity conservation: The key is reducing meat consumption".

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Utilizing Manure in Integrated Farming Systems to Improve Profitability and Protect Soil, Water, and Air Quality

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Intensive factory farming has grown to become the biggest threat to the global environment through the loss of

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contamination, higher saturated fat contents in the meat because of the feed, and also environmental concerns.

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Pigs are naturally omnivorous and are generally fed a combination of grains and protein sources (soybeans, or

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abuses animals, exploits workers (in particular undocumented workers), and raises very severe ethical issues.

10930: 10760: 9275: 9185: 9130: 9110: 8986: 7907: 7792: 6612: 6144: 6082: 5525: 5238: 4345:"Factory Farming: The Impact of Animal Feeding Operations on the Environment and Health of Local Communities" 3588: 2001: 1966: 1525: 921: 91: 3935: 11045: 10970: 10925: 10637: 10111: 9379: 9220: 9215: 8800: 8009: 7967: 7787: 7181: 6112: 6057: 5545: 5520: 5163: 3378: 3352: 1364: 111: 86: 17: 4639: 11303: 11196: 11141: 10708: 10619: 10548: 10460: 10402: 10387: 10081: 9250: 9225: 9150: 9135: 8465: 8254: 7882: 7832: 6516: 5991: 5936: 5530: 5194: 4423: 4094:(Des Moines, Iowa: U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, June 5, pp. 37–44). In: 2019: 1644: 1394:, even if the individual production of some of the species is lower compared to what could be reached in 1292: 96: 1834:, and, if intensively farmed on a large-scale, would cause a far-lesser amount of environmental damage. 1583:, which has been attributed to intensive breeding practices. Sows produce on average 23 piglets a year. 11313: 11261: 10912: 10805: 10607: 10584: 10277: 10091: 9016: 8976: 8707: 8579: 8374: 8310: 8246: 7897: 7857: 7827: 6955: 6950: 6352: 5570: 5505: 5334: 4073: 2888: 2034: 1424: 417: 136: 71: 4656: 973: 11248: 11175: 11035: 10920: 10518: 10382: 9435: 9407: 8900: 8691: 8529: 8366: 7802: 7096: 7015: 6875: 6455: 5309: 2930: 2828: 2351:, Institution of Electrical Engineers, New Science Publications, University of Michigan, 1971, p. 12. 2224: 1886:

of soil, water and air by nitrogen and phosphorus from fertiliser used for feed-crops and from manure

1854:

of land and water. Poultry manure from factory farms emits high levels of nitrous oxide and ammonia.

1803: 1691: 698: 392: 4019: 2942: 2663:"Opinion of the AHAW Panel related to the welfare aspects of various systems of keeping laying hens" 2642:, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States Department of Health and Human Services. 2199: 2120: 855:

facilitated raising livestock in larger numbers by reducing disease. Chemicals developed for use in

11328: 11203: 11101: 10975: 10242: 10096: 9882: 9822: 9428: 9386: 9372: 9320: 9290: 9115: 8915: 8660: 8621: 8607: 8473: 8449: 8238: 7862: 7266: 7211: 6668: 6387: 6372: 6357: 6314: 6016: 5818: 5319: 5304: 5259: 4760: 4162: 3454: 2508:"New poll shows majority uncomfortable with animal farming despite eating turkeys for Thanksgiving" 1991: 1904: 1679: 1648: 1062: 804:

in the long-run, given its costs in resources. Intensive animal farming is more controversial than

655: 402: 387: 325: 8593: 4814:

Rubin, JE; Ball KR; Chirino-Trejo M (2011). "Decreased susceptibility of MRSA ST398 to tiamulin".

3542: 2482: 1459:

Improving the Usability of Manure Nutrients through More Effective Animal Nutrition and Management

11005: 10755: 10689: 10625: 10601: 10595: 10558: 10392: 10367: 10262: 10177: 9897: 9867: 9857: 9762: 9677: 9400: 9350: 9345: 8793: 8742: 8513: 8417: 8230: 8206: 8083: 7962: 7917: 7812: 7699: 7508: 6184: 6102: 5745: 5468: 5463: 5356: 5324: 5152: 4897: 3615:

Lott, Dale F.; Hart, Benjamin L. (October 1979). "Applied ethology in a nomadic cattle culture".

2094: 1436:

and fish. Individual states all have their own animal cruelty statutes; however many states have

1240: 553: 548: 439: 407: 1826:

and manure waste, and use of limited resources such as water and energy at unsustainable rates.

888:, hormones and vaccines; protein, mineral and vitamin supplements; frequent health inspections; 11323: 11231: 11060: 10795: 10533: 10372: 10212: 10192: 9952: 9682: 9672: 9335: 9001: 8961: 8951: 8770: 8715: 8262: 7837: 7797: 7751: 7669: 7624: 7493: 7146: 7131: 6785: 6362: 5981: 5929: 5813: 5798: 5740: 5735: 5490: 5421: 5414: 5233: 5228: 5159: 4114: 3428: 2857:"The FBI's Hunt for Two Missing Piglets Reveals the Federal Cover-Up of Barbaric Factory Farms" 1976: 1687: 1556: 828: 822: 793: 650: 635: 506: 499: 261: 53: 4472:. Pesticide fact sheets and tutorial, module 6. cornell.edu. Retrieved on September 19, 2007. 1237:. As of 2009–2010 it is estimated that there are 1.3–1.4 billion head of cattle in the world. 11189: 11151: 10282: 10151: 9712: 9471: 9180: 9064: 8971: 8905: 8870: 8521: 8342: 8302: 8214: 8174: 8095: 8089: 7902: 7186: 7086: 7051: 6637: 6536: 6445: 6284: 6174: 6139: 5629: 5409: 5126: 4602: 4387: 1713: 1629:

make their way into consumers' bodies which can cause health problems. One source of this is

1052: 899:, 80 million of its 95 million pigs slaughtered each year are reared in industrial settings. 836: 734: 494: 320: 256: 229: 7171: 4898:"US meat and poultry is widely contaminated with drug-resistant Staph bacteria, study finds" 2283:

that are heavily reliant on veterinary and feed inputs not permitted in organic agriculture.

2231:, April 21, 2001: "Nor is a return to 'primitive' farming practices the only alternative to 10815: 10553: 10272: 10187: 9957: 9872: 9792: 9662: 9541: 9491: 9105: 9095: 8981: 8925: 8545: 8350: 8278: 8029: 7972: 7842: 7694: 7679: 7553: 7453: 7408: 7261: 6483: 6324: 6092: 6072: 5874: 5710: 5500: 5361: 5314: 4967: 4944: 3716: 3680: 2986: 2059: 2011: 1428: 1190:. Such confinement creates more work for the farmer but allows the animals to grow rapidly. 1001: 871: 691: 444: 397: 66: 7413: 3169: 2707: 2195:

Animal welfare and the intensification of animal production: An alternative interpretation

1462:

Maximizing the Value of Manure through Improved Collection, Storage, and Treatment Options

8: 11050: 10478: 10312: 10267: 10227: 10222: 9972: 9907: 9722: 9717: 9647: 9501: 9355: 9260: 9140: 9054: 9049: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8639: 8586: 8003: 7614: 7226: 7221: 7101: 7076: 6795: 6652: 6541: 6435: 6430: 5898: 5329: 4413:, 6th edition. Thompson Learning, Inc. Pacific Grove, California. Chapter 9, pp. 211–216. 4207: 3808: 3464:. College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences | Clemson University, South Carolina 2269:

Sources discussing "industrial farming", "industrial agriculture" and "factory farming":

2189:

Sources discussing no "intensive farming", "intensive agriculture" or "factory farming":

1922: 1477: 412: 5168: 4971: 4706: 3872: 3720: 3684: 2651: 2409: 1507:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

43: 11318: 11131: 11091: 11076: 11030: 10995: 10965: 10750: 10731: 10543: 10412: 10327: 9947: 9917: 9892: 9747: 9461: 9295: 9044: 8991: 8600: 8537: 8358: 8190: 8182: 8059: 8035: 7947: 7573: 6980: 6473: 6425: 6415: 6226: 6134: 5886: 5808: 5634: 5550: 5046: 5043:"America's Animal Factories: How States Fail to Prevent Pollution from Livestock Waste" 4998: 4625: 4067: 3889: 3732: 3519: 3484: 3216: 3183: 3134: 3107: 2910: 2582: 2151: 1851: 1799: 1437: 1269: 1123: 762: 681: 645: 234: 116: 8653: 4849: 3692: 2024: 1595:

From 2011 to 2014 each year between 15,000 and 30,000 people gathered under the theme

11168: 11020: 11015: 10891: 10856: 10831: 10745: 10528: 10503: 10292: 10287: 10217: 10076: 10011: 9927: 9772: 9642: 9255: 8920: 8845: 8723: 8497: 8457: 8409: 8401: 8286: 8053: 7952: 7927: 7892: 7649: 7639: 7548: 7488: 7403: 6990: 6855: 6830: 6820: 6800: 6526: 6410: 6319: 6154: 5881: 5478: 5451: 5401: 5371: 4983: 4831: 4752: 4553: 4519: 4447: 4055: 4045: 3728: 3628: 3524: 3506: 3308: 3221: 3203: 3139: 3004: 2994: 2832: 2794:"Chickens freezing to death and boiled alive: failings in US slaughterhouses exposed" 2769: 2609:"Why factory farming is not just cruel – but also a threat to all life on the planet" 2586: 2385: 2079: 1911: 1874:

Unsustainable pressure on land for production of high-protein/high-energy animal feed

1807: 1699: 1683: 1127: 563: 536: 484: 454: 303: 246: 209: 4979: 3884: 3736: 2824:

Animal Oppression and Human Violence: Domesecration, Capitalism, and Global Conflict

2662: 2272: 2193: 1793: 11210: 10861: 10851: 10790: 10643: 10568: 10493: 10422: 10297: 10121: 10021: 9962: 9817: 9767: 9752: 9692: 9616: 9591: 9466: 9421: 8910: 8667: 8393: 7942: 7609: 7513: 7473: 7463: 7393: 7256: 7196: 7151: 7116: 6975: 6915: 6689: 6647: 6607: 6577: 6567: 6562: 6501: 6304: 6067: 6036: 5715: 5673: 5565: 5456: 5366: 5351: 4975: 4823: 4784: 4744: 3724: 3688: 3624: 3514: 3496: 3298: 3211: 3195: 3165: 3129: 3119: 2967:

Nierenburg, Danielle (2005). "Happier Meals: Rethinking the Global Meat Industry".

2708:"The Association of Health Effects with Exposure to Odors from Hog Farm Operations" 2572: 2361:

Nierenberg, Danielle (2005). "Happier Meals: Rethinking the Global Meat Industry".

1889: 1773: 1753:, an antimicrobial used in agriculture, than other MRSA or methicillin susceptible 1391: 1202: 948: 738: 541: 449: 434: 172: 131: 7020: 6865: 5093: 4730:"Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in pigs and pig farmers" 10980: 10955: 10775: 10322: 10257: 10182: 10161: 10106: 10086: 10071: 9967: 9837: 9732: 9702: 9632: 9556: 9315: 9145: 9100: 9039: 9021: 8885: 8481: 7589: 7543: 7538: 7388: 7353: 7338: 7276: 7166: 7111: 7091: 7030: 6940: 6850: 6790: 6765: 6420: 6294: 5690: 5426: 5068: 4875: 4827: 4748: 4663: 4477: 4454: 4394: 4371: 4364: 4141: 4122: 4103: 4003: 3795: 2949: 2852: 2658: 2206: 2198:, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005. *Turner, Jacky. 2084: 2049: 1996: 1630: 1564: 1288: 1221: 1187: 1081: 1077: 968: 832: 511: 283: 268: 204: 187: 3996: 2335: 2289:, BBC News, March 6, 2001: "Here, Green MEP Caroline Lucas takes issue with the 2245:, BBC News, March 6, 2001: "Here, Green MEP Caroline Lucas takes issue with the 1057: 11287: 11136: 11126: 11111: 11081: 11055: 11000: 10846: 10810: 10765: 10483: 10342: 10307: 10156: 10146: 10131: 10051: 10036: 9977: 9877: 9862: 9847: 9782: 9777: 9667: 9637: 9571: 9566: 9546: 9496: 9476: 9160: 8956: 8830: 8816: 8425: 8222: 7822: 7724: 7654: 7644: 7568: 7498: 7483: 7423: 7348: 7323: 7271: 7216: 7176: 7081: 7071: 7046: 6960: 6890: 6815: 6755: 6627: 6557: 6402: 6377: 6334: 6309: 6299: 6274: 6234: 6189: 6097: 5646: 4681: 4231:"'We've bred them to their limit': death rates surge for female pigs in the US" 3161: 2089: 2029: 1981: 1957: 1943: 1900: 1838: 1706: 1568: 1529: 1420: 1328: 1265: 1234: 1100: 1088: 1030: 1013: 952: 941: 904: 801: 797: 789: 310: 4920:"Mexican Lawmaker: Factory Farms Are "Breeding Grounds" of Swine Flu Pandemic" 4546:"'Tip of the iceberg': is our destruction of nature responsible for Covid-19?" 4115:

The Welfare of Sows in Gestation Crates: A Summary of the Scientific Evidence.

3825: 11297: 11106: 11086: 11010: 10563: 10538: 10513: 10508: 10488: 10332: 10302: 10247: 10202: 10197: 10126: 10101: 10016: 10006: 9737: 9707: 9657: 9601: 9586: 9576: 9561: 9551: 9536: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9393: 9205: 9200: 9125: 9069: 8996: 8966: 8880: 8840: 8699: 7817: 7684: 7659: 7594: 7563: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7503: 7383: 7358: 7328: 7231: 7201: 7056: 7010: 7005: 6970: 6965: 6920: 6905: 6885: 6860: 6825: 6805: 6770: 6673: 6506: 6249: 6209: 6107: 6077: 5952: 5840: 5705: 5663: 5609: 5431: 5254: 4557: 4523: 4059: 3593: 3510: 3207: 3199: 3008: 2861: 2534:"Now is the best time in human history to be alive (unless you're an animal)" 2220: 2006: 1971: 1868: 1847: 1597: 1572: 1375: 1230: 1195: 1092: 1087:

The use of sow stalls has resulted in lower production costs and concomitant

1039: 1025:

in the 1980s and 1990s further resulted in increased consumption of chicken.

1006: 937: 885: 770: 766: 583: 516: 298: 199: 192: 7468: 4727: 3303: 3286: 2577: 2286: 2242: 981:

The major milestone in 20th-century poultry production was the discovery of

11282: 10985: 10907: 10881: 10876: 10866: 10841: 10232: 10116: 10056: 10046: 10031: 9937: 9932: 9902: 9802: 9797: 9787: 9757: 9742: 9687: 9606: 9581: 9506: 9330: 9270: 9120: 9059: 9011: 7877: 7719: 7709: 7558: 7533: 7438: 7433: 7418: 7378: 7368: 7241: 7161: 7156: 7136: 7126: 7121: 7061: 7000: 6995: 6945: 6935: 6925: 6835: 6760: 6617: 6572: 6531: 6493: 6478: 6440: 6259: 6239: 6159: 5760: 5619: 5594: 5436: 5396: 5341: 5299: 5178: 4987: 4835: 4756: 4388:

Environmental indicators of pesticide leaching and run-off from farm fields

4257:"More than 20 million farm animals die on way to abattoir in US every year" 3848: 3528: 3312: 3225: 3143: 2931:

Dominion: The Power of Man, the Suffering of Animals, and the Call to Mercy

2818: 2777: 2039: 1986: 1896: 1880:

Unsustainable use of water for feed-crops, including groundwater extraction

1877:

Pesticide, herbicide and fertilizer manufacture and use for feed production

1857:

Large quantities and concentrations of waste are produced. Air quality and

1823: 1746: 1698:

and more frequent association with people into the mix, as happened in the

1619: 1468:

Using Manure and Other Agricultural Byproducts as a Renewable Energy Source

1336: 1073: 856: 742: 521: 479: 424: 382: 339: 315: 3789: 3124: 3064:

Factory Farm Nation: How America Turned its Livestock Farms into Factories

2483:"Research Guides: Student Project: Factory Farming: Environmental Impacts" 10960: 10785: 10498: 10317: 10207: 10141: 10136: 10041: 10026: 9942: 9922: 9827: 9727: 9652: 9611: 9486: 9481: 8895: 8835: 8441: 7887: 7714: 7704: 7689: 7629: 7458: 7363: 7333: 7308: 7246: 7236: 7025: 6910: 6895: 6880: 6845: 6840: 6810: 6780: 6775: 6587: 6521: 6392: 6367: 6264: 6169: 6164: 5750: 5685: 5668: 5641: 5614: 5599: 5575: 5446: 5289: 5217: 4707:"H.R. 965: Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2011" 3955:"The worst horrors of factory farming could soon be phased out in Europe" 2142: 1892:(reduced fertility, soil compaction, increased salinity, desertification) 1858: 1827: 1742: 1395: 1379: 1348: 1332: 1284: 1273: 1018: 889: 741:

designed to maximize production while minimizing costs. To achieve this,

531: 357: 347: 288: 273: 182: 167: 141: 35: 4386:

Kellogg RL, Nehring R, Grube A, Goss DW, and Plotkin S (February 2000),

4188: 4134:"An HSUS Report: Welfare Issues with Gestation Crates for Pregnant Sows" 3913:"Utilization of Manure and Other Agricultural and Industrial Byproducts" 3501: 1276:

care, as well as training and sorting for agricultural shows and sales.

1244:

Diagram of feedlot system. This can be contrasted with more traditional

10836: 10450: 10337: 10252: 10066: 10061: 9887: 9852: 9812: 9807: 9531: 9165: 8890: 8553: 8071: 7782: 7674: 7619: 7599: 7448: 7443: 7428: 7398: 7373: 7313: 7191: 7106: 7066: 6900: 6870: 6204: 6194: 6087: 5441: 5391: 5386: 5269: 4670:(Project Coordinator: Dr Trevor Drew at Veterinary Laboratories Agency) 3485:"Tail Docking of Piglets 1: Stress Response of Piglets to Tail Docking" 3106:

Ramos, Athena K.; Fuentes, Axel; Trinidad, Natalia (November 9, 2016).

2074: 1918: 1811: 1660: 1552: 1419:

In the United States, farmed animals are excluded by half of all state

1407: 1387: 1344: 1131: 1104: 848: 805: 782: 526: 474: 469: 362: 352: 241: 219: 214: 4096:

An HSUS Report: Welfare Issues with Gestation Crates for Pregnant Sows

1830:

is evaluated by many experts as a sustainable solution to traditional

10886: 10700: 9190: 8930: 8646: 8505: 8101: 7872: 7478: 7343: 7318: 7206: 6985: 6930: 6582: 6382: 6289: 6269: 6244: 6179: 5651: 5381: 5020: 4872:"Nationwide study finds U.S. meat and poultry is widely contaminated" 4787:"High prevalance methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs" 3983: 3849:"State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) Permit Program" 3157: 2884:"The Moral Atrocity of Factory Farming and Why We Must Not Look Away" 1883: 1831: 1819: 1815: 1672:, which are harmful to human health, may contaminate surface waters. 1625: 1548: 1440:

that serve as a provision to exempt standard agricultural practices.

1360: 1209: 982: 860: 844: 800:). There are also concerns as to whether intensive animal farming is 746: 464: 5094:"NRDC: Pollution from Giant Livestock Farms Threatens Public Health" 2913:(1996) "The Chicken Story", American Heritage, September 1996: 52–67 1837:

Industrial production of pigs and poultry is an important source of

1455:

several actions need to be taken and these four components include:

11121: 10990: 10871: 10523: 10455: 10440: 7281: 6199: 6149: 5346: 5123:

A Report of the Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production

4044:. Foer, Jonathan Safran. Hachette Book Group US. 2010. p. 47. 3826:

New York Animal Agriculture Program Assessment (December 3, 2019).

2758:"Commissioner points to factory farming as source of contamination" 2432:"Commissioner points to factory farming as source of contamination" 2273:"Annex 2. Permitted substances for the production of organic foods" 2158:

belief that large farms put profit ahead of soil and animal health.

2099: 1937: 1750: 1675: 1656: 1615: 1580: 1541: 1198: 1022: 827:

Intensive animal farming is a relatively recent development in the

429: 5174:

Calls to reform food system: 'Factory farming belongs in a museum'

4599:"[archived Content] VPC report on growth hormones in meat" 3184:"History of the discovery of vitamin D and its active metabolites" 1310:, but nonetheless there are 82,170 feedlots in the United States. 9285: 8785: 6511: 6465: 6124: 5700: 5656: 5624: 4994:"Meat-eaters may speed worldwide species extinction, study warns" 1843: 1665: 1652: 1528:

was set up by the government to act as an independent advisor on

1371: 1356: 1307: 1280: 1261: 1257: 1245: 1225:). They are raised as livestock for their flesh (called beef and 1216: 1212: 1205: 1183: 1139: 1135: 1112: 1108: 1091:

concerns. Many of the world's largest producers of pigs (such as

852: 840: 754: 278: 224: 5921: 3265:"Plamondon.com: the home of Robert Plamondon and all his works!" 10445: 6062: 5964: 5678: 5604: 5274: 5264: 4728:

T. Khannaa; R. Friendshipa; C. Deweya; J.S. Weeseb (May 2008).

2298:

in her country. This must be the way forward and we should end

2254:

in her country. This must be the way forward and we should end

2175: 2044: 1669: 1433: 1352: 1253: 1179: 1096: 947:

Intensive production of livestock and poultry is widespread in

932:

Intensive farms hold large numbers of animals, typically cows,

870:

The era of factory farming in Britain began in 1947 when a new

750: 177: 5186: 1602:

in Berlin to protest against industrial livestock production.

9310: 9175: 8140: 6726: 5695: 2723:"Food Article, Foodborne Illness Information, Pathogen Facts" 2275:, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: "' 293: 4136:, The Humane Society of the United States, January 6, 2006. 3705: 3241:, Ray Ewing, Ray Ewing Press, Third Edition, 1947, page 754. 1174: 1068:

In America, intensive piggeries (or hog lots) are a type of

7912: 5586: 5376: 5169:

National Agriculture Law Center – Animal Feeding Operations

5116:"Environmental Impact of Industrial Farm Animal Production" 4813: 3566: 3264: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2774:"Industrial farming is one of the worst crimes in history." 1777: 1651:

pathogens; parasites, bacteria, and viruses may be spread;

1306:

participate in the finishing phase which often occurs in a

1226: 1162: 1155: 944:, or chickens, often indoors, typically at high densities. 809: 778: 774: 758: 459: 159: 3809:"US – Food Animal – Humane Methods of Livestock Slaughter" 3669: 3483:

Morrison, Rebecca; Hemsworth, Paul (September 20, 2020).

2710:. North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services. 1579:

Death rates for sows have been increasing in the US from

1560: 933: 8876:

Overview of discretionary invasive procedures on animals

6643:

University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid

3853:

www.dec.ny.gov – NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation

3284: 2955: 2677:"Supplements used in factory farming can spread disease" 4580:"Back where virus started, new scrutiny of pig farming" 4305:

Protesters in Berlin call for an end to factory farming

3285:

Havenstein, G.B.; Ferket, P.R.; Qureshi, M.A. (2003a).

2904: 2558: 1252:

The most common interactions with cattle involve daily

4092:

Proceedings: Symposium on Swine Housing and Well-being

3828:"New York State Animal Agriculture Program Assessment" 1861:

are at risk when animal waste is improperly recycled.

1772:

that area, appears to have begun in the vicinity of a

1142:

and other supplements are pre-emptively administered.

11309:

Ethically disputed business practices towards animals

11259: 11097:

Existential risk from artificial general intelligence

8167:

Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes

4957: 3614: 3455:"Swine Training Manual Table of Contents - Chapter 4" 1616:

infections that transmit from animals to human beings

10917:

All-Party Parliamentary Group for Future Generations

5017:

Worldwatch Institute: Vision for a Sustainable World

3665: 3663: 3105: 2792:

Wasley, Andrew; Jones, Natalie (December 17, 2018).

2382:

Encyclopedia of Organic, Sustainable, and Local Food

1933: 1559:. Between 60 and 70 percent of six million breeding 4088:

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52:1–28

3873:

Proposition 2, Standards for Confining Farm Animals

3379:"Pig welfare standards – unpicking the differences" 2147:"Why Industrial Farms Are Good for the Environment" 1802:and global warming. It is a major driver to global 1449:

Proposition 2, Standards for Confining Farm Animals

5149:Deadly Companions: How Microbes Shaped our History 4319:"Farmers defend themselves at Berlin′s Green Week" 4282:"Berlin protests focus on farming and food safety" 3885:"Farmers Lean to Truce on Animals’ Close Quarters" 3699: 2398: 1864:Environmental impacts of factory farming include: 792:, health risks and the environmental impact (e.g. 4596: 4365:The benefits of pesticides: A story worth telling 3660: 3482: 2705: 2070:List of United States foodborne illness outbreaks 11295: 10650:List of international animal welfare conventions 10408:Dishes involving the consumption of live animals 6022:List of international animal welfare conventions 4623: 2665:, European Food Safety Authority (March 7, 2005) 1099:) use sow stalls, but some nations (such as the 1061:Pigs confined to a barn in an intensive system, 8319:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory 4490:"Factory Farming's Effect on Rural Communities" 3907: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3771:US Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR 122.42(e) 1370:The system is multi-trophic as it makes use of 10936:Centre for Enabling EA Learning & Research 7750: 4682:"Antibiotic Resistance and Food are Connected" 4512:"Is factory farming to blame for coronavirus?" 4374:. Purdue.edu. Retrieved on September 15, 2007. 3748: 3746: 1355:) is combined with inorganic extractive (e.g. 835:in other industries in the latter part of the 11225:Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies 10716: 8801: 5937: 5202: 4405: 4403: 3656:Overview of the United States Cattle Industry 3351:. Compassion in World Farming. Archived from 2720: 2674: 2373: 2121:"The limits in sight for Spanish macro farms" 1846:and when manure is spread on fields it emits 1363:) aquaculture to create balanced systems for 699: 10801:Psychological barriers to effective altruism 6027:Moral status of animals in the ancient world 5113: 5069:"Facts about Pollution from Livestock Farms" 4640:"Denmark's Case for Antibiotic-Free Animals" 4382: 4380: 4203:"Largest Pork Processor to Phase Out Crates" 3896: 2320:"Largest Pork Processor to Phase Out Crates" 729:, also known (particularly by opponents) as 7994:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society 7938:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals 5965:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases) 4917: 4185:"Animal rights concerns grow in California" 3893:August 11, 2010. Retrieved August 12, 2010. 3743: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2791: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2606: 2559:McCarthy, Richard; Richard Bennett (1986). 2113: 1914:of livestock and loss of traditional breeds 1260:. Many routine husbandry practices involve 10771:Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis 10723: 10709: 9236:International Society for Applied Ethology 8808: 8794: 5944: 5930: 5209: 5195: 4686:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4400: 3641:Pollan, Michael. 2002. This Steer's Life. 3343: 2966: 2360: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2171:"Why Factory Farming Isn't What You Think" 1612:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1351:intensive. Fed aquaculture (e.g. fish and 706: 692: 9415:Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 8141:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums) 8078:Human Environment Animal Protection Party 4377: 4228: 3543:"Revisiting Weaning Age Trends, Dynamics" 3518: 3500: 3452: 3302: 3215: 3133: 3123: 2851: 2576: 1780:(concentrated animal feeding operation). 1009:broiler, the use of laying cages, etc.). 916:for slim profit margins, or even losses. 773:. The main products of this industry are 10946:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk 10590:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 8199:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology 6451:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals 5146: 4624:Schneider K, Garrett L (June 19, 2009). 2916: 2640:"Concentrated animal feeding operations" 2626: 2450: 2347:"Is factory farming really cheaper?" in 2225:Why the organic revolution had to happen 1323: 1239: 1173: 1056: 972: 11026:Machine Intelligence Research Institute 6042:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare 4509: 4229:Greenaway, Twilight (October 1, 2018). 4152: 4098:, Humane Society of the United States. 3933: 3815:. Animal Legal & Historical Center. 2751: 2561:"Statutory Protection for Farm Animals" 2307: 1790:Environmental impact of meat production 1783: 1690:, chair of ecology and biodiversity at 1382:level, unlike traditional aquaculture. 1072:(CAFO), specialized for the raising of 14: 11296: 10730: 6119:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness 5114:Halden, Rolf; Schwab, Kellogg (n.d.). 5019:. World Watch Magazine. Archived from 4358: 4254: 3953:Moens, Jonathan (September 29, 2021). 3752: 3376: 3337: 3181: 2817: 2706:A. Dennis McBride (December 7, 1998). 1605: 10704: 10418:People associated with animal welfare 10378:Animal welfare and rights legislation 9266:Lord Dowding Fund for Humane Research 8789: 8335:Political Animals and Animal Politics 8139: 7923:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition 7848:Centre for Animals and Social Justice 7749: 6725: 6255:Concentrated animal feeding operation 6032:Timeline of animal welfare and rights 5987:Animal rights by country or territory 5963: 5925: 5190: 4577: 4543: 3952: 3404:"How temperature affects pig farming" 2699: 2607:van der Zee, Bibi (October 4, 2017). 2379: 1414:Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation 1070:concentrated animal feeding operation 10398:Animal welfare and rights by country 9301:People's Dispensary for Sick Animals 9246:List of animal welfare organizations 8066:Animalist Party with the Environment 6348:Animal testing on non-human primates 5893: 4463: 3934:Robbins, Ocean (November 26, 2012). 3835:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 3331:USDA Food Safety Information Service 3182:DeLuca, Hector F (January 8, 2014). 2985: 2458:"Rebuilding Agriculture – EPA of UK" 2141: 1633:in animals raised on factory farms. 1487: 1398:practices over a short-term period. 1320:Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture 10941:Center for High Impact Philanthropy 10614:Animal Welfare (Sentience) Act 2022 8490:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home 6695:World Day for the End of Speciesism 5905: 4679: 4153:Hickman, Martin (January 4, 2008). 3453:Chastain, John P.; Henry, Stephen. 3038:. November 20, 2003. Archived from 2675:Blaine Harden (December 28, 2003). 2668: 2480: 2065:List of foodborne illness outbreaks 24: 10655:Philippine Animal Welfare Act 1998 8815: 8615:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism 7958:United Activists for Animal Rights 7868:Doctors Against Animal Experiments 6002:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies 5756:Environmental impact of irrigation 2329: 2123:. In Spain News. December 16, 2021 1794:Cattle § Environmental_impact 1158:may be slain shortly after birth. 25: 11340: 9281:National Anti-Vivisection Society 8159:On Abstinence from Eating Animals 8119:Animal Rights National Conference 8042:Animal Protection Party of Canada 7999:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society 7853:Chinese Animal Protection Network 7778:American Anti-Vivisection Society 7252:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann 6007:Animal rights in Indian religions 5997:Animal rights and punk subculture 5951: 5140: 5073:National Resource Defense Council 4578:Brown, David (October 25, 2009). 4510:Spinney, Laura (March 28, 2020). 3693:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.015 3327:"Meat and Poultry Labeling Terms" 2438:from the original on July 8, 2007 2287:"Head to head: Intensive farming" 2243:"Head to head: Intensive farming" 1590: 1483: 957:Food and Agriculture Organization 11281: 11269: 10781:Equal consideration of interests 10685: 10684: 9007:Intrinsic value in animal ethics 8766: 8765: 8327:Animal Rights Without Liberation 7978:Voice for Animals Humane Society 6705:World Day for the End of Fishing 6700:World Day for Laboratory Animals 6130:Equal consideration of interests 5904: 5892: 5880: 5869: 5868: 5107: 5086: 5061: 5035: 5005: 4951: 4937: 4911: 4890: 4874:. April 15, 2011. Archived from 4864: 4842: 4807: 4778: 4721: 4699: 4673: 4650: 4632: 4617: 4590: 4571: 4424:"Food safety: Pesticide residue" 4255:Kevany, Sophie (June 15, 2022). 4155:"The true cost of cheap chicken" 3729:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2001.01137.x 3377:Walton, Jon (October 14, 2019). 2943:"The History of Factory Farming" 1950: 1936: 1818:. This sometimes results in the 1492: 675: 42: 11183:Famine, Affluence, and Morality 10951:Development Media International 10672:List of animal rights advocates 8048:Animal Justice Party of Finland 7933:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics 7142:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause 6730:(academics, writers, activists) 6623:Monkey selfie copyright dispute 5824:Agriculture and the environment 5561:British Agricultural Revolution 5216: 4980:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.022 4537: 4503: 4482: 4441: 4416: 4337: 4311: 4296: 4274: 4248: 4222: 4195: 4177: 4146: 4127: 4108: 4080: 4034: 4008: 3990: 3972: 3946: 3927: 3878: 3866: 3841: 3819: 3801: 3798:ALDF Farmed Animals and the Law 3783: 3774: 3765: 3648: 3635: 3608: 3581: 3559: 3549: 3535: 3476: 3446: 3421: 3396: 3370: 3319: 3278: 3257: 3252:Poultry Breeding and Management 3244: 3232: 3175: 3150: 3099: 3090: 3071:. November 2010. Archived from 3054: 3024: 3015: 2979: 2936: 2876: 2845: 2811: 2785: 2763: 2745: 2714: 2645: 2600: 2552: 2526: 2500: 2474: 2424: 2055:Golden Triangle of Meat-packing 1359:) and organic extractive (e.g. 897:National Pork Producers Council 723:industrial livestock production 661:Agriculture and the environment 127:British Agricultural Revolution 11147:Risk of astronomical suffering 9091:Animal Defenders International 8947:Abnormal behaviours in animals 8271:Animals, Property, and the Law 6343:Alternatives to animal testing 6012:Christianity and animal rights 5768:Climate change and agriculture 5541:Agriculture in the Middle Ages 4918:David Kirby (April 28, 2009). 4668:Fighting swine fever in Europe 4544:Vidal, John (March 18, 2020). 2354: 2341: 2338:, BBC News, November 29, 2000. 2263: 2183: 2163: 2135: 1313: 765:, and using modern machinery, 737:, specifically an approach to 107:Agriculture in the Middle Ages 13: 1: 10931:Centre for Effective Altruism 10761:Disability-adjusted life year 9276:National Animal Welfare Trust 9186:Farm Animal Welfare Committee 9111:Animal Welfare Board of India 8987:Ethics of uncertain sentience 7908:Korea Animal Rights Advocates 6613:Cambridge University primates 6145:Ethics of uncertain sentience 4470:Pesticides In the Environment 3980:"Farm Animal Welfare Council" 3623:(4). Elsevier B.V.: 309–319. 3032:"This Cattleman's Got a Beef" 2565:Pace Environmental Law Review 2281:industrial management systems 2106: 2025:Environmental issues with soy 2002:Controlled-atmosphere killing 1682:(COVID-19), which caused the 1401: 922:personal protective equipment 11046:Raising for Effective Giving 10971:Future of Humanity Institute 10638:Horse Protection Act of 1970 9221:Humane Slaughter Association 9216:Humane Society International 7968:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics 6113:Argument from marginal cases 5546:Arab Agricultural Revolution 4828:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.03.030 4749:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.10.006 3875:. Retrieved August 12, 2010. 3629:10.1016/0304-3762(79)90102-0 3429:"How to Farm Pigs - Feeding" 3036:Colorado Springs Independent 2200:"History of factory farming" 1365:environmental sustainability 1347:, food) for another, making 761:at high stocking densities, 112:Arab Agricultural Revolution 7: 11197:Living High and Letting Die 11142:Neglected tropical diseases 10620:Cruelty to Animals Act 1876 10549:Rapa das Bestas of Sabucedo 9251:League Against Cruel Sports 9226:International Animal Rescue 9151:Compassion in World Farming 8255:Morals, Reason, and Animals 7883:Farm Animal Rights Movement 7833:Anonymous for the Voiceless 6517:International primate trade 5992:Anarchism and animal rights 3936:"Is Animal Cruelty Doomed?" 3887:article by Erik Eckholm in 3794:September 28, 2011, at the 2661:, European Commission, and 2020:Environmental vegetarianism 1929: 1907:, pesticides and herbicides 1645:Antibiotic use in livestock 1526:Farm Animal Welfare Council 1423:laws including the federal 1331:cultivated in proximity to 962: 10: 11345: 10913:Against Malaria Foundation 10806:Quality-adjusted life year 10608:Animal Welfare Act of 1966 10585:Animal testing regulations 8977:Compassionate conservation 8375:Making a Stand for Animals 8247:The Case for Animal Rights 7898:Hunt Saboteurs Association 7858:Cruelty Free International 7828:Anti-Vivisection Coalition 6353:Animal testing regulations 5506:Agriculture in Mesoamerica 5147:Crawford, Dorothy (2018). 4121:December 23, 2007, at the 4002:February 21, 2009, at the 3254:. Orange Judd Press, 1916. 2993:. Hachette Book Group US. 2948:November 16, 2013, at the 2487:libraryguides.law.pace.edu 2205:November 16, 2013, at the 2035:Factory farming divestment 1925:(especially feed-cropping) 1871:for animal feed production 1822:of water, soil and air by 1787: 1405: 1317: 1050: 966: 878: 820: 816: 72:Agriculture in Mesoamerica 11249:Effective Altruism Global 11241: 11176:The End of Animal Farming 11160: 11069: 11036:Nuclear Threat Initiative 10921:Animal Charity Evaluators 10900: 10824: 10738: 10680: 10664: 10577: 10519:International Primate Day 10469: 10431: 10355: 10170: 10112:Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell 9999: 9990: 9625: 9454: 9445: 9364: 9078: 9030: 8939: 8901:Welfare of farmed insects 8823: 8761: 8734: 8681: 8631: 8571: 8564: 8530:The Ghosts in Our Machine 8385: 8367:Animal Ethics in the Wild 8150: 8146: 8135: 8111: 8022: 7986: 7803:Animal Legal Defense Fund 7770: 7763: 7759: 7745: 7582: 7301: 7294: 7097:William Hamilton Drummond 7039: 6748: 6739: 6735: 6721: 6682: 6661: 6600: 6550: 6492: 6464: 6456:Welfare of farmed insects 6401: 6333: 6225: 6218: 6083:Animal–industrial complex 6050: 5974: 5970: 5959: 5865: 5856:Universities and colleges 5832: 5776: 5724: 5585: 5489: 5474:Universities and colleges 5288: 5281: 5247: 5224: 4453:October 20, 2011, at the 2829:Columbia University Press 2540:. Vox. September 12, 2022 2384:. ABC-CLIO. p. 139. 2380:Duram, Leslie A. (2010). 2302:in this country as well." 2258:in this country as well." 1967:Animal–industrial complex 1921:due to livestock-related 1804:environmental degradation 1692:University College London 1501:This section needs to be 1215:, and descended from the 1169: 843:and their role in animal 599:Universities and colleges 559:Universities and colleges 11276:Agriculture and agronomy 11204:The Most Good You Can Do 11117:Intensive animal farming 11102:Global catastrophic risk 10976:Future of Life Institute 9823:Alasdair Alpin MacGregor 9373:American Humane Magazine 9291:Party for Animal Welfare 9116:Animal Welfare Institute 8916:Feedback (pork industry) 8866:Intensive animal farming 8608:Journal of Animal Ethics 8474:Your Mommy Kills Animals 7863:Direct Action Everywhere 7267:Johann Heinrich Winckler 7212:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers 6669:Direct Action Everywhere 6373:Huntingdon Life Sciences 6358:Labcorp Drug Development 6315:Feedback (pork industry) 6280:Intensive animal farming 6017:History of animal rights 5841:Agriculturist profession 5320:Agricultural engineering 5305:Agricultural cooperative 4680:CDC (February 2, 2021). 4161:. London. Archived from 3915:. USDA. February 5, 2009 3200:10.1038/bonekey.2013.213 1992:Cattle Health Initiative 1680:coronavirus disease 2019 1547:For example, in the UK, 1283:to be fed a specialized 1063:Midwestern United States 927: 719:Intensive animal farming 584:Agriculturist profession 403:Agricultural engineering 388:Agricultural cooperative 11006:The Good Food Institute 10756:Demandingness objection 10632:EU Directive 1999/74/EC 10626:EU Directive 2010/63/EU 10602:Animal Welfare Act 2006 10596:Animal Welfare Act 1999 10559:Surin Elephant Round-up 10363:Animal advocacy parties 9898:Thomas Bywater Smithies 9868:Maude Gillette Phillips 9858:Catherine Louisa Pirkis 9763:Catherine Victoria Hall 9351:World Animal Protection 9346:Wildlife Aid Foundation 8743:Holocaust on your Plate 8514:An Apology to Elephants 8295:Do Animals Have Rights? 8231:Animals, Men and Morals 8207:Better-World Philosophy 8084:Italian Animalist Party 7963:United Poultry Concerns 7918:Last Chance for Animals 7813:Animal Liberation Front 7700:Maud Ingersoll Probasco 6185:Replaceability argument 6103:Animal-free agriculture 5746:Agricultural wastewater 5469:Sustainable food system 5464:Sustainable agriculture 5357:Animal-free agriculture 5325:Agricultural technology 5153:Oxford University Press 4816:Veterinary Microbiology 4794:Veterinary Microbiology 4737:Veterinary Microbiology 4597:Food Standards Agency. 3617:Applied Animal Ethology 2578:10.58948/0738-6206.1205 2336:"EU tackles BSE crisis" 2095:Small-scale agriculture 1910:Worldwide reduction of 1233:(milk), leather and as 1046: 859:gave rise to synthetic 785:for human consumption. 554:Sustainable food system 549:Sustainable agriculture 440:Animal-free agriculture 408:Agricultural technology 11232:What We Owe the Future 11061:Wild Animal Initiative 10796:Moral circle expansion 10534:Monkey Buffet Festival 9683:Gerard Lysley Derriman 9336:Toronto Humane Society 9002:Humane law enforcement 8962:Animal welfare science 8952:Animal psychopathology 8716:Salvation of Innocents 8263:Zoos and Animal Rights 7838:Beauty Without Cruelty 7798:Animal Justice Project 7132:John Zephaniah Holwell 6786:Stephen St. C. Bostock 6363:Great ape research ban 5982:Animal rights movement 5846:Agricultural machinery 5804:History of agriculture 5789:Agriculture by country 5784:Agricultural machinery 5741:Agricultural pollution 5736:Agricultural expansion 5511:Austronesian expansion 5422:Mechanised agriculture 5013:"Is Meat Sustainable?" 4393:June 18, 2002, at the 4072:: CS1 maint: others ( 3556:Accessed April 2, 2012 3408:www.brfingredients.com 2512:sentienceinstitute.com 2470:on September 30, 2007. 2300:industrial agriculture 2256:industrial agriculture 2145:(September 23, 2016). 1977:Animal rights movement 1736:Methicillin-resistant 1610:According to the U.S. 1340: 1249: 1191: 1065: 978: 829:history of agriculture 823:History of agriculture 794:agricultural pollution 682:Agriculture portal 641:History of agriculture 626:Agriculture by country 621:Agricultural machinery 589:Agricultural machinery 507:Mechanised agriculture 77:Austronesian expansion 11190:The Life You Can Save 11152:Wild animal suffering 10461:Tza'ar ba'alei chayim 9713:Agnes Estcourt-Oswald 9472:Matthew E. Bershadker 9429:The Animals' Guardian 9181:Eurogroup for Animals 9065:Pain in invertebrates 8972:Behavioral enrichment 8906:Wild animal suffering 8871:Intensive pig farming 8735:Fairs and exhibitions 8622:The Animals' Defender 8594:Cahiers antispécistes 8522:Speciesism: The Movie 8343:Animal (De)liberation 8303:Striking at the Roots 8215:The Universal Kinship 8175:The Rights of Animals 8096:People Animals Nature 8090:Party for the Animals 7903:In Defense of Animals 7665:Nina Douglas-Hamilton 7052:David Renaud Boullier 6638:Silver Spring monkeys 6537:Wild animal suffering 6446:Pain in invertebrates 6285:Intensive pig farming 6175:Opposition to hunting 6140:Ethics of eating meat 5851:Government ministries 5794:Agriculture companies 5630:Convertible husbandry 5310:Agricultural supplies 5260:Agricultural Engineer 5160:Animals Used for Food 4662:May 23, 2013, at the 4476:June 5, 2009, at the 4370:June 9, 2010, at the 4140:July 3, 2010, at the 4102:July 3, 2010, at the 3304:10.1093/ps/82.10.1500 3125:10.3390/safety2040025 2987:Foer, Jonathan Safran 2760:, CBC, July 28, 2000. 2657:May 22, 2013, at the 2514:. Sentience Institute 2237:intensive agriculture 1738:Staphylococcus aureus 1327: 1243: 1177: 1060: 1053:Intensive pig farming 976: 967:Further information: 951:. For 2002–2003, the 837:Industrial Revolution 821:Further information: 735:intensive agriculture 631:Agriculture companies 594:Government ministries 393:Agricultural supplies 230:Convertible husbandry 27:Branch of agriculture 10816:Venture philanthropy 10554:Running of the bulls 10273:Francis Orpen Morris 9958:Caroline Earle White 9873:Samuel Jackson Pratt 9793:Velma Bronn Johnston 9663:Victoria Braithwaite 9542:Emily Patterson-Kane 9492:Judy MacArthur Clark 9106:Animal Aid Unlimited 9096:Animal Welfare Party 8982:Conservation welfare 8926:Ventilation shutdown 8351:Sentientist Politics 8279:The Lives of Animals 8030:Animal Justice Party 7843:Born Free Foundation 7680:Lizzy Lind af Hageby 7554:Wendy Turner-Webster 7262:Adam Gottlieb Weigen 6484:Recreational fishing 6325:Ventilation shutdown 6093:Animal protectionism 6073:Animal consciousness 5501:Neolithic Revolution 5362:Cellular agriculture 5315:Agricultural science 4646:. February 10, 2010. 4411:Sustaining the Earth 3986:on November 3, 2013. 3755:Northern Aquaculture 3709:Journal of Phycology 3358:on February 16, 2017 2060:Humane Slaughter Act 1784:Environmental impact 1649:antibiotic-resistant 1429:Humane Slaughter Act 1161:Piglets also may be 1115:) have banned them. 1080:) and give birth in 1002:vertical integration 445:Cellular agriculture 398:Agricultural science 67:Neolithic Revolution 11051:Sentience Institute 10479:Blessing of animals 10313:William O. Stillman 10268:Basheer Ahmad Masri 10228:J. Morewood Dowsett 10223:Christian Adam Dann 9973:Alice Morgan Wright 9908:Ellin Prince Speyer 9723:Aida McAnn Flemming 9718:Edward G. Fairholme 9648:Madeleine Bemelmans 9502:Peter Ronald Davies 9356:World Horse Welfare 9261:Network for Animals 9141:Blue Cross of India 9055:Pain in crustaceans 9050:Pain in cephalopods 9017:Three Rs principles 8861:Eating live seafood 8856:Eating live animals 8851:Livestock dehorning 8775:( 139 ) 8601:Etica & Animali 8587:Between the Species 8311:An American Trilogy 8004:Humanitarian League 7615:Frances Power Cobbe 7227:Arthur Schopenhauer 7222:Henry Stephens Salt 7102:Edward Payson Evans 6796:Stephen R. L. Clark 6653:War of the currents 6542:Wildlife management 6436:Pain in crustaceans 6431:Pain in cephalopods 4972:2015ScTEn.536..419M 4945:"Intensive Farming" 4924:The Huffington Post 4584:The Washington Post 4208:The Washington Post 4165:on January 16, 2008 3997:DEFRA press release 3721:2001JPcgy..37..975C 3685:2004Aquac.231..361N 3589:"Counting chickens" 3545:. October 15, 2005. 3502:10.3390/ani10091701 3344:Wigley, P. (2013). 3042:on October 26, 2013 2855:(October 5, 2017). 2782:September 25, 2015. 2727:National Geographic 2721:Jennifer Ackerman. 2681:The Washington Post 2481:Student, Pace Law. 2326:, January 26, 2007. 2324:The Washington Post 1923:habitat destruction 1606:Human health impact 1478:European Commission 1272:, vaccinations and 839:. The discovery of 326:Steam sterilization 11304:Cruelty to animals 11132:Malaria prevention 11092:Economic stability 11077:Biotechnology risk 11031:Malaria Consortium 10996:Giving What We Can 10966:Fistula Foundation 10751:Charity assessment 10732:Effective altruism 10544:Pushkar Camel Fair 10403:Cruelty to animals 10388:Animal sanctuaries 10328:D. G. M. Wood-Gush 10283:Siobhan O'Sullivan 9948:Christopher Wathes 9918:Elisabeth Svendsen 9893:Catherine Smithies 9748:Colesworthey Grant 9462:Michael C. Appleby 9296:People for Animals 9045:Pain in amphibians 8992:Ethical omnivorism 8538:Unlocking the Cage 8359:Wild Animal Ethics 8183:The Ethics of Diet 8060:Animalist Movement 8036:Animal Politics EU 7948:Sentience Politics 7574:That Vegan Teacher 7187:Siobhan O'Sullivan 7172:José Ferrater Mora 6981:Steve F. Sapontzis 6474:Commercial fishing 6426:Pain in amphibians 6416:Cruelty to animals 6388:Operation Backfire 6227:Animal agriculture 6135:Emotion in animals 5635:Rotational grazing 5551:Columbian exchange 5132:on March 24, 2012. 5049:on August 31, 2010 5002:, August 11, 2015. 4409:Miller GT (2004), 4325:. January 17, 2014 4284:. January 21, 2013 4191:on March 10, 2012. 4117:, Farm Sanctuary. 3890:The New York Times 3813:www.animallaw.info 3643:The New York Times 3567:"Breeds of Cattle" 3433:www.thepigsite.com 2911:John Steele Gordon 2152:The New York Times 1852:nitrogen pollution 1800:ecosystem services 1476:In June 2021, the 1438:right-to-farm laws 1425:Animal Welfare Act 1341: 1270:medical operations 1250: 1201:, a member of the 1192: 1124:meat and bone meal 1066: 979: 235:Rotational grazing 117:Columbian exchange 11314:Intensive farming 11257: 11256: 11169:Doing Good Better 11041:Open Philanthropy 11021:Mercy for Animals 11016:The Humane League 10892:Eliezer Yudkowsky 10857:William MacAskill 10832:Sam Bankman-Fried 10746:Aid effectiveness 10698: 10697: 10529:Dog Meat Festival 10504:Gadhimai festival 10351: 10350: 10293:Francis H. Rowley 10288:Charles Reinhardt 10218:Stephen Coleridge 10077:Alistair Lawrence 10012:Jonathan Balcombe 9986: 9985: 9928:Ralph Waldo Trine 9913:Christine Stevens 9843:Lady Mount Temple 9773:Rachel Hirschfeld 9643:H. Baillie-Weaver 9380:Animal Protection 9256:Marine Connection 8921:Foam depopulation 8846:Cormorant culling 8783: 8782: 8776: 8757: 8756: 8753: 8752: 8724:Onward to Freedom 8692:Animal Liberation 8677: 8676: 8498:Forks Over Knives 8450:Peaceable Kingdom 8410:Shores of Silence 8402:A Cow at My Table 8287:Eternal Treblinka 8239:Animal Liberation 8131: 8130: 8127: 8126: 8018: 8017: 7953:Uncaged Campaigns 7928:Mercy for Animals 7893:Great Ape Project 7808:Animal Liberation 7754:(groups, parties) 7741: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7733: 7732: 7640:Elizabeth Farians 7549:Christine Townend 7489:Heather Nicholson 7414:Brigitte Gothière 7404:Antoine Goetschel 7290: 7289: 6951:Charles Patterson 6856:Gary L. Francione 6831:Josephine Donovan 6821:Daniel Dombrowski 6801:Alasdair Cochrane 6717: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6596: 6595: 6527:Predation problem 6411:Animal euthanasia 6320:Foam depopulation 6155:Insects in ethics 5919: 5918: 5479:Urban agriculture 5452:Rice-duck farming 5402:Intensive farming 5372:Extensive farming 4992:Virginia Morell, 4960:Sci Total Environ 4605:on April 12, 2012 4448:Sustainable Table 4307:, 22 January 2011 4022:on August 8, 2012 3297:(10): 1500–1508. 3239:Poultry Nutrition 3170:Włodzimierz Szpak 2952:, United Nations. 2892:. August 11, 2022 2770:Yuval Noah Harari 2434:. July 28, 2000. 2391:978-0-313-35963-7 2291:intensive farming 2247:intensive farming 2211:intensive systems 2080:Mercy for Animals 1912:genetic diversity 1808:biodiversity loss 1700:2009 flu pandemic 1684:COVID-19 pandemic 1676:Zoonotic diseases 1522: 1521: 1128:intensive farming 949:developed nations 716: 715: 564:Urban agriculture 537:Rice-duck farming 485:Intensive farming 455:Extensive farming 16:(Redirected from 11336: 11286: 11285: 11274: 11273: 11272: 11265: 11211:Practical Ethics 10862:Dustin Moskovitz 10852:Holden Karnofsky 10791:Marginal utility 10725: 10718: 10711: 10702: 10701: 10688: 10687: 10644:Hunting Act 2004 10569:World Animal Day 10494:Combat de Reines 10383:Animal sacrifice 10298:W. M. S. Russell 10278:George Nicholson 10178:George T. Angell 10122:Susan J. Pearson 10022:Geoffrey Barstow 9997: 9996: 9963:Emily Williamson 9818:Victoria Lidiard 9768:Edward Hemingway 9753:George Greenwood 9693:Marjorie Doggett 9617:Tina M. Widowski 9592:Adolfo Sansolini 9467:Cynthia Bathurst 9452: 9451: 9422:Our Dumb Animals 9033:nonhuman animals 8911:Wildlife farming 8810: 8803: 8796: 8787: 8786: 8774: 8769: 8768: 8580:Animal Sentience 8569: 8568: 8434:Legally Blonde 2 8394:The Animals Film 8148: 8147: 8137: 8136: 7943:Rise for Animals 7768: 7767: 7761: 7760: 7747: 7746: 7610:Edith Carrington 7514:Craig Rosebraugh 7474:Virginia McKenna 7464:Jo-Anne McArthur 7394:Juliet Gellatley 7299: 7298: 7257:Mary Anne Warren 7197:Humphrey Primatt 7182:Edward Nicholson 7152:Charles R. Magel 7117:Thomas G. Gentry 6976:Richard D. Ryder 6916:Thomas Lepeltier 6746: 6745: 6737: 6736: 6723: 6722: 6690:World Animal Day 6648:Unnecessary Fuss 6608:Brown Dog affair 6578:Animals in sport 6568:Animal slaughter 6563:Animal sacrifice 6502:Culling wildlife 6305:Wildlife farming 6223: 6222: 6068:Animal cognition 6037:Total liberation 5972: 5971: 5961: 5960: 5946: 5939: 5932: 5923: 5922: 5908: 5907: 5896: 5895: 5884: 5872: 5871: 5716:Wildlife farming 5566:Green Revolution 5517:Ancient history 5457:Rice-fish system 5367:Contract farming 5352:Animal husbandry 5211: 5204: 5197: 5188: 5187: 5156: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5125:. Archived from 5120: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5090: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5045:. Archived from 5039: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5023:on July 16, 2019 5009: 5003: 4991: 4955: 4949: 4948: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4868: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4822:(3–4): 422–423. 4811: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4791: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4766:on July 24, 2011 4765: 4759:. Archived from 4743:(3–4): 298–303. 4734: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4677: 4671: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4601:. Archived from 4594: 4588: 4587: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4507: 4501: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4486: 4480: 4467: 4461: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4420: 4414: 4407: 4398: 4384: 4375: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4315: 4309: 4303:Deutsche Welle, 4300: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4278: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4252: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4187:. Archived from 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4150: 4144: 4131: 4125: 4112: 4106: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4071: 4063: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4018:. Archived from 4012: 4006: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3982:. Archived from 3976: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3909: 3894: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3832: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3805: 3799: 3787: 3781: 3778: 3772: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3750: 3741: 3740: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3679:(1–4): 361–391. 3667: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3585: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3563: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3522: 3504: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3459: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3374: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3357: 3350: 3341: 3335: 3334: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3306: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3261: 3255: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3219: 3179: 3173: 3166:documentary film 3154: 3148: 3147: 3137: 3127: 3103: 3097: 3094: 3088: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3077: 3070: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3028: 3022: 3019: 3013: 3012: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2969:Worldwatch Paper 2964: 2953: 2940: 2934: 2929:Matthew Scully 2927: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2853:Greenwald, Glenn 2849: 2843: 2842: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2789: 2783: 2767: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2729:. Archived from 2718: 2712: 2711: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2687:on March 2, 2008 2683:. Archived from 2672: 2666: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2580: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2469: 2463:. Archived from 2462: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2428: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2408:. Archived from 2402: 2396: 2395: 2377: 2371: 2370: 2363:Worldwatch Paper 2358: 2352: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2318:Kaufmann, Mark. 2316: 2305: 2277:Factory' farming 2267: 2261: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2117: 1960: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1946: 1941: 1940: 1890:Land degradation 1565:gestation crates 1517: 1514: 1508: 1496: 1495: 1488: 1392:ecosystem health 1082:farrowing crates 1078:gestation crates 810:meat consumption 739:animal husbandry 733:, is a type of 708: 701: 694: 680: 679: 678: 542:Rice-fish system 450:Contract farming 435:Animal husbandry 173:Animal husbandry 132:Green Revolution 83:Ancient history 46: 32: 31: 21: 11344: 11343: 11339: 11338: 11337: 11335: 11334: 11333: 11329:Poultry farming 11294: 11293: 11292: 11280: 11270: 11268: 11260: 11258: 11253: 11237: 11156: 11122:Land use reform 11065: 10981:Founders Pledge 10956:Evidence Action 10896: 10820: 10776:Earning to give 10734: 10729: 10699: 10694: 10676: 10660: 10573: 10471: 10465: 10433: 10427: 10347: 10323:Ernst von Weber 10258:E. Douglas Hume 10183:Patrick Bateson 10166: 10162:Peter Wohlleben 10107:Virginia Morell 10087:Jeremy Marchant 10082:David Macdonald 10072:Barbara J. King 9992: 9982: 9968:H. Fergie Woods 9838:Shirley McGreal 9733:Basil Goldstone 9703:Alice Drakoules 9633:Gertrude Ansell 9621: 9557:Christine Nicol 9447: 9441: 9360: 9316:RSPCA Australia 9146:Cats Protection 9101:American Humane 9074: 9040:Pain in animals 9032: 9026: 9022:Welfare biology 8935: 8886:Poultry farming 8819: 8814: 8784: 8779: 8749: 8730: 8673: 8654:Muutoksen kevät 8627: 8560: 8466:Behind the Mask 8381: 8191:Animals' Rights 8142: 8123: 8107: 8014: 7982: 7755: 7729: 7590:Cleveland Amory 7578: 7544:Darren Thurston 7539:Marianne Thieme 7389:Bruce Friedrich 7354:Joey Carbstrong 7339:Brigitte Bardot 7286: 7277:Jon Wynne-Tyson 7167:J. Howard Moore 7112:John Galsworthy 7092:Wilhelm Dietler 7035: 7031:Corey Lee Wrenn 6941:Martha Nussbaum 6851:Lawrence Finsen 6791:Paola Cavalieri 6766:Kristin Andrews 6741: 6731: 6709: 6678: 6657: 6592: 6546: 6488: 6460: 6421:Pain in animals 6397: 6329: 6295:Poultry farming 6214: 6046: 5966: 5955: 5950: 5920: 5915: 5861: 5860: 5859: 5828: 5819:Poultry farming 5772: 5727: 5720: 5691:Poultry farming 5581: 5557:Modern history 5537:Post-classical 5485: 5484: 5483: 5427:Organic farming 5284: 5283: 5279: 5243: 5220: 5215: 5143: 5138: 5137: 5129: 5118: 5112: 5108: 5098: 5096: 5092: 5091: 5087: 5077: 5075: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5052: 5050: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5026: 5024: 5011: 5010: 5006: 4956: 4952: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4928: 4926: 4916: 4912: 4902: 4900: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4878:on May 23, 2012 4870: 4869: 4865: 4855: 4853: 4852:. June 16, 2009 4848: 4847: 4843: 4812: 4808: 4798: 4796: 4789: 4783: 4779: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4732: 4726: 4722: 4712: 4710: 4709:. March 9, 2011 4705: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4678: 4674: 4664:Wayback Machine 4655: 4651: 4638: 4637: 4633: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4595: 4591: 4576: 4572: 4562: 4560: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4508: 4504: 4494: 4492: 4488: 4487: 4483: 4478:Wayback Machine 4468: 4464: 4455:Wayback Machine 4446: 4442: 4432: 4430: 4422: 4421: 4417: 4408: 4401: 4395:Wayback Machine 4385: 4378: 4372:Wayback Machine 4363: 4359: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4328: 4326: 4317: 4316: 4312: 4301: 4297: 4287: 4285: 4280: 4279: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4253: 4249: 4239: 4237: 4227: 4223: 4213: 4211: 4201: 4200: 4196: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4168: 4166: 4159:The Independent 4151: 4147: 4142:Wayback Machine 4132: 4128: 4123:Wayback Machine 4113: 4109: 4104:Wayback Machine 4085: 4081: 4065: 4064: 4052: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4025: 4023: 4016:"Beak trimming" 4014: 4013: 4009: 4004:Wayback Machine 3995: 3991: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3963: 3961: 3951: 3947: 3940:Huffington Post 3932: 3928: 3918: 3916: 3911: 3910: 3897: 3883: 3879: 3871: 3867: 3857: 3855: 3847: 3846: 3842: 3830: 3824: 3820: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3796:Wayback Machine 3788: 3784: 3779: 3775: 3770: 3766: 3751: 3744: 3704: 3700: 3668: 3661: 3653: 3649: 3640: 3636: 3613: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3587: 3586: 3582: 3572: 3570: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3554: 3550: 3541: 3540: 3536: 3481: 3477: 3467: 3465: 3462:www.clemson.edu 3457: 3451: 3447: 3437: 3435: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3412: 3410: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3387: 3385: 3375: 3371: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3348: 3342: 3338: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3283: 3279: 3269: 3267: 3263: 3262: 3258: 3250:Dryden, James. 3249: 3245: 3237: 3233: 3188:BoneKEy Reports 3180: 3176: 3155: 3151: 3104: 3100: 3095: 3091: 3081: 3079: 3078:on May 22, 2013 3075: 3068: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3030: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3016: 3001: 2984: 2980: 2965: 2956: 2950:Wayback Machine 2941: 2937: 2933:Macmillan, 2002 2928: 2917: 2909: 2905: 2895: 2893: 2889:Current Affairs 2882: 2881: 2877: 2867: 2865: 2850: 2846: 2839: 2831:. p. 228. 2816: 2812: 2802: 2800: 2790: 2786: 2768: 2764: 2756: 2752: 2746: 2736: 2734: 2733:on May 12, 2008 2719: 2715: 2704: 2700: 2690: 2688: 2673: 2669: 2659:Wayback Machine 2650: 2646: 2638: 2627: 2617: 2615: 2605: 2601: 2591: 2589: 2557: 2553: 2543: 2541: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2517: 2515: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2491: 2489: 2479: 2475: 2467: 2460: 2456: 2455: 2451: 2441: 2439: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2415: 2413: 2412:on May 22, 2013 2404: 2403: 2399: 2392: 2378: 2374: 2359: 2355: 2346: 2342: 2334: 2330: 2317: 2308: 2296:factory farming 2268: 2264: 2252:factory farming 2233:factory farming 2207:Wayback Machine 2192:Fraser, David. 2188: 2184: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2140: 2136: 2126: 2124: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2085:Organic farming 2050:Gestation crate 1997:Cattle ranching 1956: 1951: 1949: 1942: 1935: 1932: 1796: 1788:Main articles: 1786: 1776:subsidiary pig 1631:bioaccumulation 1608: 1593: 1551:of chickens is 1524:In the UK, the 1518: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1497: 1493: 1486: 1410: 1404: 1374:from different 1333:Atlantic salmon 1322: 1316: 1289:cottonseed meal 1256:, cleaning and 1235:draught animals 1222:Bos primigenius 1188:Texas Panhandle 1172: 1055: 1049: 1014:slaughterhouses 971: 969:Poultry farming 965: 930: 881: 872:Agriculture Act 833:mass production 825: 819: 731:factory farming 712: 676: 674: 669: 668: 667: 666: 665: 656:Poultry farming 613: 605: 604: 603: 578: 570: 569: 568: 512:Organic farming 377: 369: 368: 367: 342: 332: 331: 330: 162: 152: 151: 150: 149: 148: 123:Modern history 103:Post-classical 56: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11342: 11332: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11291: 11290: 11278: 11255: 11254: 11252: 11251: 11245: 11243: 11239: 11238: 11236: 11235: 11228: 11221: 11214: 11207: 11200: 11193: 11186: 11179: 11172: 11164: 11162: 11158: 11157: 11155: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11137:Mass deworming 11134: 11129: 11127:Life extension 11124: 11119: 11114: 11112:Global poverty 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11089: 11084: 11082:Climate change 11079: 11073: 11071: 11067: 11066: 11064: 11063: 11058: 11056:Unlimit Health 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 11001:Good Food Fund 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10915: 10910: 10904: 10902: 10898: 10897: 10895: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10847:Hilary Greaves 10844: 10839: 10834: 10828: 10826: 10822: 10821: 10819: 10818: 10813: 10811:Utilitarianism 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10766:Disease burden 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10742: 10740: 10736: 10735: 10728: 10727: 10720: 10713: 10705: 10696: 10695: 10693: 10692: 10681: 10678: 10677: 10675: 10674: 10668: 10666: 10662: 10661: 10659: 10658: 10652: 10647: 10641: 10635: 10629: 10623: 10617: 10611: 10605: 10599: 10593: 10587: 10581: 10579: 10575: 10574: 10572: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10526: 10521: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10484:Bous al carrer 10481: 10475: 10473: 10467: 10466: 10464: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10437: 10435: 10434:considerations 10429: 10428: 10426: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10393:Animal testing 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10368:Animal killing 10365: 10359: 10357: 10353: 10352: 10349: 10348: 10346: 10345: 10343:William Youatt 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10315: 10310: 10308:Colin Spedding 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10263:James Macaulay 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10243:Ralph Fletcher 10240: 10238:George Fleming 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10174: 10172: 10168: 10167: 10165: 10164: 10159: 10157:Jennifer Skiff 10154: 10149: 10147:Matthew Scully 10144: 10139: 10134: 10132:Jessica Pierce 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10052:Temple Grandin 10049: 10044: 10039: 10037:Marian Dawkins 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10003: 10001: 9994: 9988: 9987: 9984: 9983: 9981: 9980: 9978:Gretchen Wyler 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9878:Wilfred Risdon 9875: 9870: 9865: 9863:Eliza Phillips 9860: 9855: 9850: 9848:Harriet Nevins 9845: 9840: 9835: 9833:Richard Martin 9830: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9783:Clive Hollands 9780: 9778:Sjoerd Hofstra 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9698:Muriel Dowding 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9668:Roger A. Caras 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9638:Emily Appleton 9635: 9629: 9627: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9572:Ilka Reinhardt 9569: 9567:Sharon Pincott 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9547:Philip Lymbery 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9497:Kendra Coulter 9494: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9477:Christa Blanke 9474: 9469: 9464: 9458: 9456: 9449: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9439: 9436:The Zoophilist 9432: 9425: 9418: 9411: 9408:Human Advocate 9404: 9397: 9390: 9387:Animal Welfare 9383: 9376: 9368: 9366: 9362: 9361: 9359: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9161:Cinnamon Trust 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9082: 9080: 9076: 9075: 9073: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9036: 9034: 9028: 9027: 9025: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8957:Animal shelter 8954: 8949: 8943: 8941: 8937: 8936: 8934: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8831:Abandoned pets 8827: 8825: 8821: 8820: 8817:Animal welfare 8813: 8812: 8805: 8798: 8790: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8777: 8762: 8759: 8758: 8755: 8754: 8751: 8750: 8748: 8747: 8738: 8736: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8728: 8720: 8712: 8704: 8696: 8687: 8685: 8679: 8678: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8671: 8664: 8657: 8650: 8643: 8635: 8633: 8629: 8628: 8626: 8625: 8618: 8611: 8604: 8597: 8590: 8583: 8575: 8573: 8566: 8562: 8561: 8559: 8558: 8550: 8542: 8534: 8526: 8518: 8510: 8502: 8494: 8486: 8478: 8470: 8462: 8454: 8446: 8438: 8430: 8426:Meet Your Meat 8422: 8414: 8406: 8398: 8389: 8387: 8383: 8382: 8380: 8379: 8371: 8363: 8355: 8347: 8339: 8331: 8323: 8315: 8307: 8299: 8291: 8283: 8275: 8267: 8259: 8251: 8243: 8235: 8227: 8223:The New Ethics 8219: 8211: 8203: 8195: 8187: 8179: 8171: 8163: 8154: 8152: 8144: 8143: 8133: 8132: 8129: 8128: 8125: 8124: 8122: 8121: 8115: 8113: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8105: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8081: 8075: 8069: 8063: 8057: 8054:Animals' Party 8051: 8045: 8039: 8033: 8026: 8024: 8020: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8012: 8007: 8001: 7996: 7990: 7988: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7823:AnimaNaturalis 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7793:Animal Justice 7790: 7785: 7780: 7774: 7772: 7765: 7757: 7756: 7743: 7742: 7739: 7738: 7735: 7734: 7731: 7730: 7728: 7727: 7725:Gretchen Wyler 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7655:Lewis Gompertz 7652: 7647: 7645:Emarel Freshel 7642: 7637: 7635:Muriel Dowding 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7586: 7584: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7576: 7571: 7569:Gary Yourofsky 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7484:Ingrid Newkirk 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7424:Charlotte Laws 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7349:Yves Bonnardel 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7324:Martin Balluch 7321: 7316: 7311: 7305: 7303: 7296: 7292: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7272:Steven M. Wise 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7217:Bernard Rollin 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7177:Leonard Nelson 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7082:Herman Daggett 7079: 7074: 7072:Priscilla Cohn 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7047:Jeremy Bentham 7043: 7041: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6961:Jessica Pierce 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6891:Kyle Johannsen 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6816:David DeGrazia 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6756:Carol J. Adams 6752: 6750: 6743: 6733: 6732: 6719: 6718: 6715: 6714: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6686: 6684: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6671: 6665: 6663: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6628:Pit of despair 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6604: 6602: 6598: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6558:Abandoned pets 6554: 6552: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6498: 6496: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6470: 6468: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6407: 6405: 6403:Animal welfare 6399: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6378:Model organism 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6339: 6337: 6335:Animal testing 6331: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6310:Working animal 6307: 6302: 6300:Slaughterhouse 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6275:Insect farming 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6235:Animal product 6231: 6229: 6220: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6190:Sentiocentrism 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6098:Animal welfare 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6054: 6052: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5978: 5976: 5968: 5967: 5957: 5956: 5949: 5948: 5941: 5934: 5926: 5917: 5916: 5914: 5902: 5890: 5878: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5780: 5778: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5770: 5765: 5764: 5763: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5732: 5730: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5660: 5659: 5649: 5647:Insect farming 5644: 5639: 5638: 5637: 5632: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5591: 5589: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5579: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5555: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5535: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5526:Ancient Greece 5523: 5515: 5514: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5495: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5482: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5460: 5459: 5454: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5338: 5337: 5332: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5251: 5249: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5214: 5213: 5206: 5199: 5191: 5185: 5184: 5171: 5166: 5157: 5151:. Oxford, UK: 5142: 5141:External links 5139: 5136: 5135: 5106: 5085: 5060: 5034: 5004: 4950: 4936: 4910: 4889: 4863: 4841: 4806: 4777: 4720: 4698: 4672: 4649: 4631: 4616: 4589: 4570: 4536: 4502: 4481: 4462: 4440: 4415: 4399: 4376: 4357: 4336: 4310: 4295: 4273: 4247: 4221: 4194: 4176: 4145: 4126: 4107: 4079: 4050: 4042:Eating Animals 4033: 4007: 3989: 3971: 3945: 3926: 3895: 3877: 3865: 3840: 3818: 3800: 3782: 3773: 3764: 3742: 3715:(6): 975–986. 3698: 3659: 3647: 3634: 3607: 3580: 3569:. Cattle Today 3558: 3548: 3534: 3475: 3445: 3420: 3395: 3369: 3336: 3318: 3277: 3256: 3243: 3231: 3174: 3149: 3098: 3089: 3053: 3023: 3014: 3000:978-0316127165 2999: 2991:Eating Animals 2978: 2954: 2935: 2915: 2903: 2875: 2844: 2838:978-0231151894 2837: 2810: 2784: 2762: 2750: 2744: 2713: 2698: 2667: 2644: 2625: 2599: 2571:(2): 229–256. 2551: 2525: 2499: 2473: 2449: 2423: 2397: 2390: 2372: 2353: 2340: 2328: 2306: 2304: 2303: 2284: 2262: 2260: 2259: 2240: 2221:Humphrys, John 2218: 2215:factory farms' 2182: 2162: 2134: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2090:Slash-and-burn 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2030:Farm Sanctuary 2027: 2022: 2017: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1982:Animal welfare 1979: 1974: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1961: 1958:History portal 1947: 1944:Biology portal 1931: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1915: 1908: 1901:eutrophication 1893: 1887: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1839:greenhouse gas 1785: 1782: 1722:foot and mouth 1707:European Union 1607: 1604: 1592: 1591:Demonstrations 1589: 1569:European Union 1530:animal welfare 1520: 1519: 1500: 1498: 1491: 1485: 1484:Animal welfare 1482: 1470: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1421:animal cruelty 1406:Main article: 1403: 1400: 1318:Main article: 1315: 1312: 1231:dairy products 1171: 1168: 1089:animal welfare 1051:Main article: 1048: 1045: 1031:forced molting 977:Hens in Brazil 964: 961: 953:United Nations 929: 926: 905:overproduction 880: 877: 818: 815: 798:climate change 790:animal welfare 763:at large scale 743:agribusinesses 714: 713: 711: 710: 703: 696: 688: 685: 684: 671: 670: 664: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 617: 616: 615: 614: 611: 610: 607: 606: 602: 601: 596: 591: 586: 580: 579: 576: 575: 572: 571: 567: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 545: 544: 539: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 503: 502: 497: 492: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 421: 420: 415: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 379: 378: 375: 374: 371: 370: 366: 365: 360: 355: 350: 344: 343: 338: 337: 334: 333: 329: 328: 323: 318: 313: 311:Slash-and-burn 308: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 265: 264: 259: 254: 244: 239: 238: 237: 232: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 196: 195: 190: 185: 180: 170: 164: 163: 158: 157: 154: 153: 147: 146: 145: 144: 139: 134: 129: 121: 120: 119: 114: 109: 101: 100: 99: 94: 92:Ancient Greece 89: 81: 80: 79: 74: 69: 60: 59: 58: 57: 52: 51: 48: 47: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11341: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11324:Meat industry 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11301: 11299: 11289: 11284: 11279: 11277: 11267: 11266: 11263: 11250: 11247: 11246: 11244: 11240: 11234: 11233: 11229: 11227: 11226: 11222: 11220: 11219: 11218:The Precipice 11215: 11213: 11212: 11208: 11206: 11205: 11201: 11199: 11198: 11194: 11192: 11191: 11187: 11185: 11184: 11180: 11178: 11177: 11173: 11171: 11170: 11166: 11165: 11163: 11159: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11107:Global health 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11087:Cultured meat 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11074: 11072: 11068: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11011:Good Ventures 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10926:Animal Ethics 10924: 10922: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10905: 10903: 10901:Organizations 10899: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10829: 10827: 10823: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10743: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10726: 10721: 10719: 10714: 10712: 10707: 10706: 10703: 10691: 10683: 10682: 10679: 10673: 10670: 10669: 10667: 10663: 10657:(Philippines) 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10645: 10642: 10639: 10636: 10633: 10630: 10627: 10624: 10621: 10618: 10615: 10612: 10609: 10606: 10603: 10600: 10597: 10594: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10582: 10580: 10576: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10564:Toro embolado 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10539:October Horse 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10514:Goose pulling 10512: 10510: 10509:Goat throwing 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10489:Cock throwing 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10476: 10474: 10468: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10438: 10436: 10430: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10373:Animal rights 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10360: 10358: 10354: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10333:Frans de Waal 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10303:Chris Sherwin 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10248:Ruth Harrison 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10213:Gerald Carson 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10203:Arthur Broome 10201: 10199: 10198:Edward Berdoe 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10175: 10173: 10169: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10127:Dale Peterson 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10102:Sy Montgomery 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10017:Michael Balls 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10007:Arnold Arluke 10005: 10004: 10002: 9998: 9995: 9989: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9883:Peter Roberts 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9738:Julia Goddard 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9708:Sarah J. Eddy 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9658:Mary Brancker 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9630: 9628: 9624: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9602:Karen Stockin 9600: 9598: 9597:Rakesh Shukla 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9587:Sepehr Salimi 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9577:Jill Robinson 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9562:Wayne Pacelle 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9552:Damien Mander 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9537:Kathrin Glock 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9527:Alison Hanlon 9525: 9523: 9522:Celia Hammond 9520: 9518: 9517:Robin Ganzert 9515: 9513: 9512:Alanna Devine 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9459: 9457: 9453: 9450: 9444: 9438: 9437: 9433: 9431: 9430: 9426: 9424: 9423: 9419: 9417: 9416: 9412: 9410: 9409: 9405: 9403: 9402: 9398: 9396: 9395: 9394:AWI Quarterly 9391: 9389: 9388: 9384: 9382: 9381: 9377: 9375: 9374: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9363: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9206:Humane Canada 9204: 9202: 9201:Hedgehog Care 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9126:Band of Mercy 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9083: 9081: 9079:Organisations 9077: 9071: 9070:Grimace scale 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9029: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8997:Five freedoms 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8967:Anthrozoology 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8938: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8881:Dairy farming 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8841:Chick culling 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8822: 8818: 8811: 8806: 8804: 8799: 8797: 8792: 8791: 8788: 8772: 8764: 8763: 8760: 8745: 8744: 8740: 8739: 8737: 8733: 8726: 8725: 8721: 8718: 8717: 8713: 8710: 8709: 8705: 8702: 8701: 8700:Tame Yourself 8697: 8694: 8693: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8684: 8680: 8670: 8669: 8665: 8663: 8662: 8661:No Compromise 8658: 8656: 8655: 8651: 8649: 8648: 8644: 8642: 8641: 8637: 8636: 8634: 8630: 8624: 8623: 8619: 8617: 8616: 8612: 8610: 8609: 8605: 8603: 8602: 8598: 8596: 8595: 8591: 8589: 8588: 8584: 8582: 8581: 8577: 8576: 8574: 8570: 8567: 8563: 8556: 8555: 8551: 8548: 8547: 8543: 8540: 8539: 8535: 8532: 8531: 8527: 8524: 8523: 8519: 8516: 8515: 8511: 8508: 8507: 8503: 8500: 8499: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8487: 8484: 8483: 8479: 8476: 8475: 8471: 8468: 8467: 8463: 8460: 8459: 8455: 8452: 8451: 8447: 8444: 8443: 8439: 8436: 8435: 8431: 8428: 8427: 8423: 8420: 8419: 8415: 8412: 8411: 8407: 8404: 8403: 8399: 8396: 8395: 8391: 8390: 8388: 8384: 8377: 8376: 8372: 8369: 8368: 8364: 8361: 8360: 8356: 8353: 8352: 8348: 8345: 8344: 8340: 8337: 8336: 8332: 8329: 8328: 8324: 8321: 8320: 8316: 8313: 8312: 8308: 8305: 8304: 8300: 8297: 8296: 8292: 8289: 8288: 8284: 8281: 8280: 8276: 8273: 8272: 8268: 8265: 8264: 8260: 8257: 8256: 8252: 8249: 8248: 8244: 8241: 8240: 8236: 8233: 8232: 8228: 8225: 8224: 8220: 8217: 8216: 8212: 8209: 8208: 8204: 8201: 8200: 8196: 8193: 8192: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8180: 8177: 8176: 8172: 8169: 8168: 8164: 8162:(3rd century) 8161: 8160: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8149: 8145: 8138: 8134: 8120: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8110: 8103: 8100: 8097: 8094: 8092:(Netherlands) 8091: 8088: 8085: 8082: 8079: 8076: 8073: 8070: 8067: 8064: 8061: 8058: 8055: 8052: 8049: 8046: 8043: 8040: 8037: 8034: 8031: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8021: 8011: 8008: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7991: 7989: 7985: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7818:Animal Rising 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7788:Animal Ethics 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7769: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7744: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7685:Jessie Mackay 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7660:James Granger 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7595:Henry B. Amos 7593: 7591: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7581: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7564:Louise Wallis 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7529:Kim Stallwood 7527: 7525: 7524:Jasmin Singer 7522: 7520: 7519:Nathan Runkle 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7504:David Olivier 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7384:John Feldmann 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7359:Aymeric Caron 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7329:Carole Baskin 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7300: 7297: 7293: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7232:Laurids Smith 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7202:James Rachels 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7147:John Lawrence 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7057:Brigid Brophy 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7038: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7021:Tatjana Višak 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7011:David Sztybel 7009: 7007: 7006:Cass Sunstein 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6971:Mark Rowlands 6969: 6967: 6966:Evelyn Pluhar 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6921:Andrew Linzey 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6906:Will Kymlicka 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6886:Dale Jamieson 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6866:Valéry Giroux 6864: 6862: 6861:Robert Garner 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6826:Sue Donaldson 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6806:J. M. Coetzee 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6771:Tom Beauchamp 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6747: 6744: 6738: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6720: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6681: 6675: 6674:Hunt sabotage 6672: 6670: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6662:Methodologies 6660: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6599: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6549: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6507:Hare coursing 6505: 6503: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6491: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6332: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6250:Chick culling 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6224: 6221: 6217: 6211: 6210:Vegetarianism 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6120: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6108:Anthrozoology 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6078:Animal ethics 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6049: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5953:Animal rights 5947: 5942: 5940: 5935: 5933: 5928: 5927: 5924: 5913: 5912: 5903: 5901: 5900: 5891: 5889: 5888: 5883: 5879: 5877: 5876: 5867: 5864: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5814:Meat industry 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5799:Biotechnology 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5775: 5769: 5766: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5726:Environmental 5723: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5706:Sheep farming 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5627: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5610:Dairy farming 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5587:Farming Types 5584: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5521:Ancient Egypt 5519: 5518: 5516: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5488: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5449: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5432:Paludiculture 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5336: 5335:Biotechnology 5333: 5331: 5328: 5327: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5293: 5291: 5287: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5255:Agriculturist 5253: 5252: 5250: 5246: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5226: 5223: 5219: 5212: 5207: 5205: 5200: 5198: 5193: 5192: 5189: 5183:May 24, 2017. 5182: 5180: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5164:Animal Ethics 5161: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5145: 5144: 5128: 5124: 5117: 5110: 5095: 5089: 5074: 5070: 5064: 5048: 5044: 5038: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5008: 5001: 5000: 4995: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4954: 4946: 4940: 4925: 4921: 4914: 4899: 4893: 4877: 4873: 4867: 4856:September 19, 4851: 4845: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4810: 4795: 4788: 4781: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4731: 4724: 4708: 4702: 4687: 4683: 4676: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4658: 4653: 4645: 4641: 4635: 4627: 4620: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4574: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4540: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4506: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4466: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4449: 4444: 4429: 4425: 4419: 4412: 4406: 4404: 4396: 4392: 4389: 4383: 4381: 4373: 4369: 4366: 4361: 4346: 4340: 4324: 4320: 4314: 4308: 4306: 4299: 4283: 4277: 4262: 4258: 4251: 4236: 4232: 4225: 4210: 4209: 4204: 4198: 4190: 4186: 4180: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4149: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4130: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4083: 4075: 4069: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4051:9780316127165 4047: 4043: 4037: 4021: 4017: 4011: 4005: 4001: 3998: 3993: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3960: 3956: 3949: 3941: 3937: 3930: 3914: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3874: 3869: 3854: 3850: 3844: 3836: 3829: 3822: 3814: 3810: 3804: 3797: 3793: 3790: 3786: 3777: 3768: 3760: 3756: 3749: 3747: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3702: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3666: 3664: 3657: 3651: 3644: 3638: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3596: 3595: 3594:The Economist 3590: 3584: 3568: 3562: 3552: 3544: 3538: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3479: 3463: 3456: 3449: 3434: 3430: 3424: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3384: 3380: 3373: 3354: 3347: 3340: 3332: 3328: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3281: 3266: 3260: 3253: 3247: 3240: 3235: 3227: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3178: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3153: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3102: 3093: 3074: 3067: 3065: 3057: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3027: 3018: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2951: 2947: 2944: 2939: 2932: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2912: 2907: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2879: 2864: 2863: 2862:The Intercept 2858: 2854: 2848: 2840: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2819:Nibert, David 2814: 2799: 2795: 2788: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2766: 2759: 2754: 2748: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2717: 2709: 2702: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2671: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2648: 2641: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2614: 2610: 2603: 2588: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2555: 2539: 2535: 2529: 2513: 2509: 2503: 2488: 2484: 2477: 2466: 2459: 2453: 2437: 2433: 2427: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2393: 2387: 2383: 2376: 2368: 2364: 2357: 2350: 2349:New Scientist 2344: 2337: 2332: 2325: 2321: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2190: 2186: 2178: 2177: 2172: 2166: 2159: 2154: 2153: 2148: 2144: 2138: 2122: 2116: 2112: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2008: 2007:Cultured meat 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1972:Animal rights 1970: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1948: 1945: 1939: 1934: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1906: 1905:acidification 1902: 1898: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1869:Deforestation 1867: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1848:nitrous oxide 1845: 1840: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1824:agrochemicals 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1795: 1791: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1739: 1733: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1703: 1701: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1627: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1598:We are fed up 1588: 1584: 1582: 1577: 1574: 1573:animal rights 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1537: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1516: 1504: 1499: 1490: 1489: 1481: 1479: 1474: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1452: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1409: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1321: 1311: 1309: 1303: 1301: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1247: 1242: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1204: 1200: 1197: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1176: 1167: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1120: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1074:domestic pigs 1071: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1044: 1041: 1035: 1032: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1008: 1007:Cornish Cross 1003: 998: 994: 990: 986: 984: 975: 970: 960: 958: 954: 950: 945: 943: 939: 935: 925: 923: 917: 913: 909: 906: 900: 898: 893: 891: 887: 886:anthelmintics 876: 873: 868: 864: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 824: 814: 811: 807: 806:local farming 803: 799: 795: 791: 786: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 767:biotechnology 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 709: 704: 702: 697: 695: 690: 689: 687: 686: 683: 673: 672: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 651:Meat industry 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 636:Biotechnology 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 618: 609: 608: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 581: 574: 573: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 543: 540: 538: 535: 534: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 517:Paludiculture 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 487: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 419: 418:Biotechnology 416: 414: 411: 410: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 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Hoyt 9758:Peter Gurney 9743:Robert Gower 9688:Maria Dickin 9678:Brian Davies 9607:Patti Strand 9582:Naomi Sagara 9507:Petra Deimer 9455:Contemporary 9434: 9427: 9420: 9413: 9406: 9401:Cruel Sports 9399: 9392: 9385: 9378: 9371: 9365:Publications 9331:Tiggywinkles 9271:MSPCA-Angell 9121:Badger Trust 9060:Pain in fish 9012:Rescue group 8865: 8836:Blood sports 8741: 8722: 8714: 8706: 8698: 8690: 8666: 8659: 8652: 8645: 8638: 8620: 8613: 8606: 8599: 8592: 8585: 8578: 8552: 8544: 8536: 8528: 8520: 8512: 8504: 8496: 8488: 8480: 8472: 8464: 8456: 8448: 8440: 8432: 8424: 8416: 8408: 8400: 8392: 8373: 8365: 8357: 8349: 8341: 8333: 8325: 8317: 8309: 8301: 8293: 8285: 8277: 8269: 8261: 8253: 8245: 8237: 8229: 8221: 8213: 8205: 8197: 8189: 8181: 8173: 8165: 8157: 8010:Oxford Group 7878:Every Animal 7771:Contemporary 7720:Andrew Tyler 7710:Nell Shipman 7650:André Géraud 7559:Jerry Vlasak 7534:Lynda Stoner 7509:Alex Pacheco 7439:Evanna Lynch 7434:Howard Lyman 7419:Wayne Hsiung 7379:Chris DeRose 7369:Rod Coronado 7302:Contemporary 7242:Thomas Tryon 7162:Mary Midgley 7157:Jean Meslier 7137:Soame Jenyns 7127:John Hildrop 7122:Arthur Helps 7087:Richard Dean 7062:Peter Buchan 7001:Gary Steiner 6996:Peter Singer 6991:Jérôme Segal 6956:David Pearce 6946:Clare Palmer 6936:David Nibert 6926:Clair Linzey 6836:Joan Dunayer 6761:Aysha Akhtar 6749:Contemporary 6618:McLibel case 6573:Animal trial 6532:Seal hunting 6494:Wild animals 6479:Fishing bait 6441:Pain in fish 6279: 6260:Fish farming 6240:Battery cage 6160:Meat paradox 6117: 6058:Abolitionism 5909: 5897: 5885: 5873: 5761:Overdrafting 5620:Goat farming 5531:Ancient Rome 5437:Permaculture 5397:Horticulture 5342:Agroforestry 5300:Agribusiness 5179:The Guardian 5177: 5148: 5127:the original 5122: 5109: 5099:September 6, 5097:. 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March 31. 3495:(9): 1701. 2492:January 22, 2235:and highly 2127:January 24, 2015:(2018 film) 1919:extinctions 1859:groundwater 1850:and causes 1828:Entomophagy 1714:swine fever 1647:may create 1557:cannibalism 1513:August 2022 1396:monoculture 1380:nutritional 1349:aquaculture 1345:fertilizers 1314:Aquaculture 1293:antibiotics 1285:animal feed 1268:, loading, 1262:ear tagging 1194:Cattle are 1132:antibiotics 1105:U.S. states 1021:content of 1019:cholesterol 890:biosecurity 849:antibiotics 802:sustainable 727:macro-farms 532:Polyculture 358:Hydroponics 348:Aquaculture 289:Paddy field 274:Monoculture 168:Agrivoltaic 142:Monoculture 63:Prehistory 36:Agriculture 11298:Categories 11161:Literature 10837:Liv Boeree 10356:Categories 10338:Hugh Wirth 10253:C. W. 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Forster 7067:Mona Caird 7040:Historical 6901:Hilda Kean 6871:Lori Gruen 6205:Vegaphobia 6195:Speciesism 6088:Animal law 5777:Categories 5442:Plantation 5392:Free range 5387:Feed ratio 4966:: 419–31. 4657:EU‑AGRINET 4459:Pesticides 4240:October 6, 2896:August 23, 2868:October 5, 2618:October 5, 2279:refers to 2213:– called ' 2107:References 2075:Meat Atlas 1816:pesticides 1812:fertiliser 1774:Smithfield 1688:Kate Jones 1661:phosphorus 1626:Pesticides 1553:deprecated 1408:Animal law 1402:Regulation 1388:biofilters 861:pesticides 612:Categories 527:Plantation 475:Free range 470:Feed ratio 363:Aeroponics 353:Aquaponics 220:Free-range 215:Fertilizer 11319:Livestock 10887:Cari Tuna 10472:festivals 10432:Religious 10413:Fur trade 9446:Activists 9191:Four Paws 9131:Battersea 8931:Barn fire 8708:Manifesto 8647:Bite Back 8632:Magazines 8506:Vegucated 8104:(Germany) 8102:V-Partei³ 8080:(Germany) 8074:(Belgium) 8050:(Finland) 7873:Equanimal 7479:Morrissey 7454:Jim Mason 7409:Mark Gold 7344:Gene 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8640:Arkangel 8572:Journals 8546:Dominion 8482:The Cove 8112:Activism 8056:(Sweden) 8044:(Canada) 8038:(Europe) 7752:Movement 7282:Voltaire 6200:Veganism 6150:Ethology 6051:Concepts 5875:Category 5701:Orchards 5674:Pastoral 5347:Agronomy 4988:26231772 4882:July 15, 4836:21511410 4757:18023542 4666:article 4660:Archived 4644:CBS News 4474:Archived 4457:article 4451:Archived 4391:Archived 4368:Archived 4138:Archived 4119:Archived 4100:Archived 4000:Archived 3919:July 31, 3792:Archived 3737:85161308 3600:June 10, 3529:32962266 3313:14601725 3226:24466410 3144:29607309 3082:July 22, 3046:June 18, 2989:(2010). 2946:Archived 2821:(2013). 2655:Archived 2436:Archived 2203:Archived 2100:Veganism 2013:Dominion 1930:See also 1917:Species 1895:Loss of 1751:tiamulin 1726:bird flu 1678:such as 1657:nitrogen 1581:prolapse 1339:, Canada 1248:systems. 1140:hormones 1136:vitamins 1023:red meat 963:Chickens 853:vaccines 841:vitamins 749:such as 430:Agronomy 294:Ranching 11288:Animals 11262:Portals 10665:Related 10423:Whaling 9321:Save Me 9306:RNZSPCA 9286:OneKind 9031:Pain in 8086:(Italy) 8068:(Spain) 8062:(Italy) 8023:Parties 6512:Hunting 6466:Fishing 6125:Carnism 5899:Commons 5711:Terrace 5657:Pasture 5625:Grazing 5571:Organic 5491:History 5406:animals 5330:Digital 5290:General 5234:History 5229:Outline 5078:May 30, 5027:May 13, 4999:Science 4968:Bibcode 3761:(4): 4. 3717:Bibcode 3681:Bibcode 3520:7552632 3489:Animals 3468:July 4, 3438:July 4, 3413:July 4, 3388:July 4, 3217:3899558 3194:: 479. 3135:5875190 2691:May 28, 2538:vox.com 1899:due to 1844:methane 1705:In the 1666:arsenic 1653:ammonia 1542:A4 page 1503:updated 1434:rabbits 1376:trophic 1372:species 1357:seaweed 1335:in the 1308:feedlot 1300:E. coli 1281:feedlot 1258:milking 1254:feeding 1246:grazing 1217:aurochs 1213:Bovinae 1206:Bovidae 1186:in the 1184:feedlot 1113:Arizona 1109:Florida 938:turkeys 879:Process 817:History 755:poultry 490:animals 413:Digital 376:Related 321:Terrace 305:Colonia 284:Organic 279:Orchard 269:Natural 252:animals 225:Grazing 205:Dryland 188:poultry 160:On land 137:Organic 54:History 11242:Events 10446:Jhatka 8824:Issues 8773: 8746:(2003) 8727:(2014) 8719:(2014) 8711:(2008) 8703:(1991) 8695:(1987) 8683:Albums 8557:(2021) 8549:(2018) 8541:(2016) 8533:(2013) 8525:(2013) 8517:(2013) 8509:(2011) 8501:(2011) 8493:(2009) 8485:(2009) 8477:(2007) 8469:(2006) 8461:(2005) 8453:(2004) 8445:(2003) 8437:(2003) 8429:(2002) 8421:(2000) 8413:(2000) 8405:(1998) 8397:(1981) 8378:(2022) 8370:(2022) 8362:(2020) 8354:(2018) 8346:(2016) 8338:(2014) 8330:(2012) 8322:(2010) 8314:(2009) 8306:(2008) 8298:(2005) 8290:(2001) 8282:(1999) 8274:(1995) 8266:(1993) 8258:(1987) 8250:(1983) 8242:(1975) 8234:(1971) 8226:(1907) 8218:(1906) 8210:(1899) 8202:(1897) 8194:(1892) 8186:(1883) 8178:(1838) 8170:(1824) 7764:Groups 6219:Issues 6063:Ahimsa 5887:Portal 5728:impact 5679:Bocage 5605:Cattle 5275:Herder 5265:Farmer 4986: 4834: 4755: 4556: 4522: 4323:DW.COM 4169:May 2, 4058: 4048: 3735: 3527: 3517: 3509: 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