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standards, but at the same time is the result of such intricate mental activity that it wins temporary acceptance by many laymen insufficiently informed to recognize the scientist's incompetence. Although there obviously is no sharp line separating competent from incompetent research, and there are occasions when a scientific "orthodoxy" may delay the acceptance of novel views, the fact remains that the distance between the work of competent scientists and the speculations of a Voliva or
Velikovsky is so great that a qualitative difference emerges which justifies the label of "pseudo-science." Since the time of Galileo the history of pseudo-science has been so completely outside the history of science that the two streams touch only in the rarest of instances.
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with the reader to evaluate these fringe groups in terms of their own shared presumptions about what is "normal". Thus he is quite confident throwing around labels like "quack", "crank" and "preposterous". In science the use of such value judgments can be quite time-bound; likewise in religions where today's heresy may become tomorrow's orthodoxy. The odds of course are always on the side of the writer criticizing fringe groups because statistically speaking so few of them survive. However, when a group does weather its infancy and go on to prosper, invariably its original detractors look a bit more arbitrary than they did initially, and then the shoe is on the other foot.
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homeopaths who were insulted to find themselves in company with such frauds as osteopathy and chiropractic, and one chiropractor in
Kentucky “pitied” me because I had turned my spine on God’s greatest gift to suffering humanity. Several admirers of Dr. Bates favored me with letters so badly typed that I suspect the writers were in urgent need of strong spectacles. Oddly enough, most of these correspondents objected to one chapter only, thinking all the others excellent.
239:, which initially met with considerable opposition; it was never dismissed as the work of a crackpot, and it soon met with almost universal acceptance. But the crank "stands entirely outside the closely integrated channels through which new ideas are introduced and evaluated. He does not send his findings to the recognized journals or, if he does, they are rejected for reasons which in the vast majority of cases are excellent."
1337:—begin to denounce the 'Yahoos of the paranormal,' they manage to generate an atmosphere of such intense hysteria ...". Gardner in turn replied quoting his own earlier description of Wilson: "The former boy wonder, tall and handsome in his turtleneck sweater, has now decayed into one of those amiable eccentrics for which the land of Conan Doyle is noted. They prowl comically about the lunatic fringes of science ..."
1758:
1310:(Gardner) writes about various kinds of cranks with the conscious superiority of the scientist, and in most cases one can share his sense of the victory of reason. But after half a dozen chapters this non-stop superiority begins to irritate; you begin to wonder about the standards that make him so certain
1247:
Just as an experienced doctor is able to diagnose certain ailments the instant a new patient walks into his office, or a police officer learns to recognize criminal types from subtle behavior clues which escape the untrained eye, so we, perhaps, may learn to recognize the future scientific crank when
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If there is a single criticism to be made of
Gardner ... it is that he accepts too comfortably the conventional wisdom, or accepted social reality, of current twentieth-century science and middle-class American Christianity. Somehow it is evident (to me at least) that he is implicitly making a pact
1234:
If someone announces that the moon is made of green cheese, the professional astronomer cannot be expected to climb down from his telescope and write a detailed refutation. “A fairly complete textbook of physics would be only part of the answer to
Velikovsky,” writes Prof. Laurence J. Lafleur, in
219:
theses to be published". Gardner acknowledges that "among older scientists ... one may occasionally meet with irrational prejudice against a new point of view", but adds that "a certain degree of dogma ... is both necessary and desirable" because otherwise "science would be reduced to shambles by
1390:
The first edition of this book prompted many curious letters from irate readers. The most violent letters came from
Reichians, furious because the book considered orgonomy alongside such (to them) outlandish cults as dianetics. Dianeticians, of course, felt the same about orgonomy. I heard from
214:
starts with a brief survey of the spread of the ideas of "cranks" and "pseudo-scientists", attacking the credulity of the popular press and the irresponsibility of publishing houses in helping to propagate these ideas. Cranks often cite historical cases where ideas were rejected which are now
1332:
describing Wilson as "England’s leading journalist of the occult, and a firm believer in ghosts, poltergeists, levitations, dowsing, PK (psychokinesis), ESP, and every other aspect of the psychic scene". Shortly afterwards, Wilson replied, defending himself and adding "What strikes me as so
1225:
It is not within the scope of this paper, however, to discuss technical criteria by which hypotheses are given high, low, or negative degrees of confirmation. Our purpose is simply to glance at several examples of a type of scientific activity which fails completely to conform to scientific
1216:
The reader may wonder why a competent scientist does not publish a detailed refutation of Reich's absurd biological speculations. The answer is that the informed scientist doesn't care, and would, in fact, damage his reputation by taking the time to undertake such a thankless task.
291:
These psychological traits are in varying degrees demonstrated throughout the remaining chapters of the book, in which
Gardner examines particular "fads" he labels pseudo-scientific. His writing became the source book from which many later studies of pseudo-science were taken (e.g.
1768:
1271:, both of which were being advanced as anti-cancer measures at that time. The review concluded that the book "should help to counteract some amusing and some positively harmful cults, the existence of which is all too often promoted by irresponsible journalism."
1211:
in 1950, and in the preface to the first edition, Gardner thanks the Review for allowing him to develop the article as the starting point of his book. Not all material in the article is carried over to the book. For example, in the article, Gardner writes:
1201:
in 1952. The subtitle boldly states the book's theme: "The curious theories of modern pseudoscientists and the strange, amusing and alarming cults that surround them. A study in human gullibility". As of 2005, it had been reprinted at least 30 times.
231:. Gardner defines the community as an efficient network of communication within scientific fields, together with a co-operative process of testing new theories. This process allows for apparently bizarre theories to be published—such as
282:
He has a tendency to use complex jargon, often making up words and phrases. Gardner compares this to the way that schizophrenics talk in what psychiatrists call "neologisms", "words which have meaning to the patient, but sound like
1379:, noted that Gardner's book provided "a flavour of the immense optimism surrounding science in the 1950s" and that his choice of topics were "interesting", but also that his attacks on "osteopathy, chiropractice, and the
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27:
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that no sane person has ever seen a flying saucer, or used a dowsing rod to locate water? And that all the people he disagrees with are unbalanced fanatics? A colleague of the positivist philosopher
215:
accepted as right. Gardner acknowledges that such cases occurred, and describes some of them, but says that times have changed: "If anything, scientific journals err on the side of permitting
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Dover - the publisher of the book's second edition - had published a collection of mathematical puzzles the year before, and
Gardner had already written many articles throughout the 1950s.
304:
As per the subtitle of the book, "The curious theories of modern pseudoscientists and the strange, amusing and alarming cults that surround them" are discussed in the chapters as listed.
839:
577:
1966:
2021:
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1282:, considered it to be a "superb account of scientific cults, fads, and frauds" and wrote that "This talented writer combines solid fact with a pleasing style."
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1617:
1326:
By Wilson's own account, up to that time he and
Gardner had been friends, but Gardner took offence. In February 1989 Gardner wrote a letter published in
501:
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once remarked wryly "I wish I was as certain of anything as he seems to be about everything". Martin
Gardner produces the same feeling.
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1973:
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is always right. He asserts that the scientist, unlike the crank, does his best to remain open-minded. So how can he be so
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said of it: "Modern skepticism has developed into a science-based movement, beginning with Martin
Gardner's 1952 classic".
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1918:
1832:
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1506:
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2599:
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1239:, Nov., 1951), "and it is therefore not surprising that the scientist does not find the undertaking worth while."
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Instead of side-stepping the mainstream, the pseudo-scientist attacks it head-on: The most revered scientist is
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common characteristics. The first "and most important" is that they work in almost total isolation from the
172:
In the Name of Science: An Entertaining Survey of the High Priests and Cultists of Science, Past and Present
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The second characteristic of the crank (which also contributes to his or her isolation) is the tendency to
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skeptic classic of the past half-century." He noted that the mark of popularity for the book came when
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2013:
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He believes there is a campaign against his ideas, a campaign comparable to the persecution of
1499:
Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time
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272:" who are unwilling to admit anyone to their inner sanctum without appropriate initiation.
8:
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2005:
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279:, so Gardner writes that Einstein is the most likely establishment figure to be attacked.
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1360:, considered the book to be "the classic put-down of pseudoscience". Fellow skeptic
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for correcting eyesight would raise eyebrows amongst medical practitioners today".
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took in general a positive attitude, and praises Gardner for his humor. But he says
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what it characterises as pseudoscience and the pseudo-scientists who propagate it.
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Science, culture and society: understanding science in the twenty-first century
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Science, culture and society: understanding science in the twenty-first century
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3205:
An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
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268:. He may attribute his "persecution" to a conspiracy by a scientific "
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The work has often been mentioned in subsequent books and articles.
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432:: "most of them regard scientists, on the whole, as a stupid lot."
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1951:
1930:
Originally published 1952 by G.P. Putnam's Sons, under the title
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In the 1980s a fierce interchange took place between Gardner and
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had only just been introduced when Gardner's book was published.)
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a "hugely enjoyable demolition of pseudo-scientific nonsense".
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899:("We need not be concerned here with the ethical arguments...")
183:
and cult beliefs, it became a founding document in the nascent
2501:
1386:
Gardner's own response to criticism is given in his preface:
1340:
In a review of a subsequent Gardner work, Paul Stuewe of the
1205:
The book was expanded from an article first published in the
220:
having to examine every new-fangled notion that came along."
138:
1909:(2nd, revised & expanded ed.), Mineola, New York:
1333:
interesting is that when Mr. Gardner—and his colleagues of
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A final plea for orthodoxy and responsibility in publishing
257:
He regards other researchers as stupid, dishonest or both.
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Six perspectives on new religions: a case study approach
250:
ways in which this tendency is likely to be manifested.
1263:
particularly welcomed Gardner's critical remarks about
1445:
The borderlands of science: where sense meets nonsense
1746:
letter, New York Review of Books, February 16, 1989
1372:denounced the chapter on dianetics over the radio.
1442:
1235:his excellent article on "Cranks and Scientists" (
2075:List of Martin Gardner Mathematical Games columns
1618:"A Study of the Strange Growth of Pseudo-Science"
1193:publication is a revised and expanded version of
179:'s second book. A survey of what it described as
3291:
1759:"Politics and biography make strange bedfellows"
254:The pseudo-scientist considers himself a genius.
1735:letter, New York Review of Books, June 15, 1989
2038:Wheels, Life and Other Mathematical Amusements
1051:Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health
2163:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
2138:
1967:
1756:
2145:
2131:
1974:
1960:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1705:
1462:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science.
25:
20:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
3271:The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
3212:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
1998:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
1906:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
1433:
1431:
1403:Fads and Fallacies in the Social Sciences
744:and others with their theories about the
212:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
166:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
1820:
1789:
3176:Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
1902:
1870:
1854:
1723:
1644:
1604:
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169:(1957)—originally published in 1952 as
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1711:
1691:. The Edwin Mellen Press. p. 50.
1449:. Oxford University Press US. p.
1428:
2126:
1955:
1681:
1675:
1501:. New York: Henry Holt. p. 16.
1719:. Granada Publishing. pp. 2–3.
1243:And in the wrap-up of the chapter:
1230:While in the book, Gardner writes:
155:Science: Good, Bad and Bogus (1981)
13:
3225:James Randi Educational Foundation
1981:
580:and others who claimed to observe
14:
3341:
2152:
31:Cover of the 1957 revised edition
3325:Scientific skepticism mass media
2622:Strauss–Howe generational theory
2600:Moon landing conspiracy theories
2397:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
1874:(1950). "The hermit scientist".
1654:. Ayer Publishing. p. 292.
840:Dinshah Pestanji Framji Ghadiali
3250:The Natural History of Quackery
3192:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
1848:
1814:
1795:"There's One Born Every Minute"
1783:
1750:
1638:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1168:Bridey Murphy and Other Matters
157:Order and Surprise (1983)
1757:Paul Stuewe (March 17, 1990).
1562:
1550:
1539:
1527:
1515:
1487:
1478:
1467:
764:The Organon of the Healing Art
294:Encyclopedia of Pseudo-science
223:Gardner says that cranks have
1:
3315:Books critical of Scientology
1864:
1257:A contemporary review in the
578:Charles Wentworth Littlefield
3257:The Psychology of the Occult
2512:Traditional Chinese medicine
2387:Doktor Koster's Antigaspills
2244:Superseded scientific theory
2030:Science Fiction Puzzle Tales
1827:. Polity. pp. 150–151.
1329:The New York Review of Books
1252:
1221:And comments in a footnote:
7:
2868:Electronic voice phenomenon
2725:Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
2585:Chemtrail conspiracy theory
2112:Martin Gardner bibliography
1717:The Quest for Wilhelm Reich
1395:
1304:The Quest for Wilhelm Reich
535:Dowsing Rods and Doodlebugs
527:Gravity Research Foundation
299:
206:
201:
16:1957 book by Martin Gardner
10:
3346:
3264:The Ragged Edge of Science
2995:Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff
2938:Pseudoscientific metrology
2462:Miracle Mineral Supplement
1943:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1184:
472:Unidentified flying object
3184:
3148:
2975:
2878:Facilitated communication
2808:
2738:
2542:
2277:
2264:
2169:
2160:
2099:
2083:
2064:
2022:The Flight of Peter Fromm
2014:The Ambidextrous Universe
1989:
1375:Mark Erickson, author of
1306:Wilson wrote of this book
1197:, which was published by
1097:From Bumps to Handwriting
978:Eccentric Sexual Theories
617:’s writings on evolution.
371:A New Theory of the Earth
150:
136:
124:
116:
104:
96:
86:
76:
54:
46:
36:
24:
3278:The Skeptic's Dictionary
2836:Biological transmutation
2756:Faster-than-light travel
2730:Enneagram of Personality
2696:Recovered-memory therapy
2580:9/11 conspiracy theories
1903:Gardner, Martin (1957),
1421:
1285:Sociologist of religion
1248:we first encounter him.
1136:extra-sensory perception
951:Throw Away Your Glasses!
391:and Hörbiger’s disciple
313:the introductory chapter
3300:Works by Martin Gardner
3243:The Demon-Haunted World
3161:Bourgeois pseudoscience
2595:COVID-19 misinformation
2534:Young blood transfusion
2305:Anthroposophic medicine
1821:Erickson, Mark (2005).
1623:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
1415:The Demon-Haunted World
1260:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
1066:General Semantics, Etc.
506:George Francis Gillette
339:John Cleves Symmes, Jr.
3330:English-language books
3310:1957 non-fiction books
3305:1952 non-fiction books
3075:Corentin Louis Kervran
2943:Rapid prompting method
2831:Biodynamic agriculture
2821:Aquatic ape hypothesis
2679:Historical negationism
2382:Doctrine of signatures
2249:True-believer syndrome
1932:In the Name of Science
1324:
1296:
1250:
1241:
1228:
1219:
1195:In the Name of Science
924:biodynamic agriculture
590:Geology versus Genesis
582:spontaneous generation
574:Henry Charlton Bastian
393:Hans Schindler Bellamy
309:In the Name of Science
92:June 1, 1957, 2nd. ed.
3080:The Light (newspaper)
3070:Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
3065:William Donald Kelley
2958:Voice stress analysis
2590:Climate change denial
2529:Wind turbine syndrome
2524:Vertebral subluxation
2417:Germ theory denialism
1651:The doctors' dilemmas
1308:
1291:
1280:The Doctors' Dilemmas
1245:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1012:Alice Bunker Stockham
956:William Horatio Bates
746:Great Pyramid of Giza
606:George McCready Price
185:scientific skepticism
3030:Ignatius L. Donnelly
2701:Past life regression
2560:Arabian Judah theory
2507:Traditional medicine
2300:Alternative medicine
2229:Pathological science
2091:Irving Joshua Matrix
1172:Morey Bernstein and
742:Charles Taze Russell
738:Charles Piazzi Smyth
696:Atlantis and Lemuria
565:Under the Microscope
510:Jeremiah J. Callahan
447:Mantell UFO Incident
237:theory of relativity
229:scientific community
3166:Demarcation problem
3000:Brigitte Boisselier
2629:Hollow Earth theory
2612:Generational theory
2310:Applied kinesiology
2107:Gathering 4 Gardner
2066:Scientific American
2006:The Annotated Alice
1771:on November 5, 2012
1626:. November 16, 1957
1199:G. P. Putnam's Sons
1102:Francis Joseph Gall
1003:John Humphrey Noyes
916:Ehrenfried Pfeiffer
793:Andrew Taylor Still
787:Alexander technique
661:Apologists for Hate
493:Down with Einstein!
487:and his "Lawsonomy"
360:Worlds in Collision
355:Immanuel Velikovsky
329:Wilbur Glenn Voliva
21:
3236:Skeptical Inquirer
3135:Paul Joseph Watson
3110:Hans Alfred Nieper
2948:Statement analysis
2898:Intelligent design
2773:Reactionless drive
2607:Conversion therapy
2555:Ancient astronauts
2442:Leaky gut syndrome
2422:HIV/AIDS denialism
2177:Cargo cult science
2046:Calculus Made Easy
1911:Dover Publications
1876:The Antioch Review
1800:The New York Times
1357:The New York Times
1348:Fads and Fallacies
1237:Scientific Monthly
1132:Joseph Banks Rhine
1075:Samuel I. Hayakawa
888:William Howard Hay
864:(in the Appendix)
666:Hans F. K. GĂĽnther
595:Philip Henry Gosse
287:to everyone else."
81:Dover Publications
19:
3287:
3286:
3198:Cults of Unreason
3171:Scientific method
3100:Ministry of Ayush
3045:Nicholas Gonzalez
2971:
2970:
2908:Law of attraction
2888:Flat Earth theory
2768:Quantum mysticism
2708:Scientific racism
2664:Pseudoarchaeology
2570:Conspiracy theory
2268:characterized as
2212:Pseudomathematics
2202:Pseudoarchaeology
2120:
2119:
1409:Survivorship bias
1364:called the book "
1079:general semantics
988:Bernarr Macfadden
969:The Art of Seeing
940:Dudley J. LeBlanc
827:and his defender
729:The Great Pyramid
701:Ignatius Donnelly
688:scientific racism
540:Solco Walle Tromp
502:Thomas H. Graydon
480:Zig-Zag-and-Swirl
377:Ignatius Donnelly
162:
161:
131:978-0-486-20394-2
97:Publication place
3337:
3140:Andrew Wakefield
2841:Creation science
2800:Water-fueled car
2762:Perpetual motion
2684:Holocaust denial
2654:Nibiru cataclysm
2649:Nazi archaeology
2452:Macrobiotic diet
2275:
2274:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2054:Visitors from Oz
1976:
1969:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1899:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1793:(June 4, 2000).
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1767:. Archived from
1754:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1732:
1721:
1720:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1495:Shermer, Michael
1491:
1485:
1482:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1448:
1439:Shermer, Michael
1435:
1370:John W. Campbell
1161:Max Freedom Long
1071:Alfred Korzybski
1007:Oneida Community
993:John R. Brinkley
983:Arabella Kenealy
855:Aleister Crowley
803:Daniel D. Palmer
759:Samuel Hahnemann
718:James Churchward
714:Madame Blavatsky
684:Lothrop Stoddard
584:of living forms.
518:Sir Isaac Babson
350:Monsters of Doom
151:Followed by
140:
88:Publication date
29:
22:
18:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3180:
3156:Bogdanov affair
3144:
3124:Claude Vorilhon
3010:Robert Charroux
2985:Sucharit Bhakdi
2977:
2967:
2804:
2734:
2674:Genocide denial
2639:Japhetic theory
2634:Indigo children
2550:2012 phenomenon
2538:
2482:Patent medicine
2402:Energy medicine
2375:Colon cleansing
2360:Crystal healing
2295:Adrenal fatigue
2269:
2267:
2260:
2165:
2156:
2151:
2121:
2116:
2095:
2079:
2060:
1985:
1980:
1936:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1888:10.2307/4609447
1872:Gardner, Martin
1867:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1724:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1683:Shupe, Anson D.
1680:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1468:
1455:
1453:
1436:
1429:
1424:
1398:
1362:Michael Shermer
1255:
1187:
1085:Jacob L. Moreno
930:Gayelord Hauser
907:organic farming
884:and Fletcherism
882:Horace Fletcher
676:Charles Carroll
610:The New Geology
549:Kenneth Roberts
414:Fortean Society
366:William Whiston
343:Cyrus Reed Teed
319:Flat and Hollow
302:
209:
204:
189:Michael Shermer
156:
105:Media type
89:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3343:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3149:Related topics
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3130:Randolph Stone
3127:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3105:Theodor Morell
3102:
3097:
3095:Joseph Mercola
3092:
3090:Jenny McCarthy
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3055:Graham Hancock
3052:
3050:Goop (company)
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3025:Vernon Coleman
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2790:Teleportation‎
2787:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2718:Melanin theory
2715:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2666:
2661:
2659:Parapsychology
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2543:Social science
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2492:Primal therapy
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2457:Magnet therapy
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2370:Detoxification
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2272:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2255:Voodoo Science
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2197:Fringe science
2189:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1983:Martin Gardner
1979:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1919:
1900:
1882:(4): 447–457.
1866:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1855:Gardner (1957)
1847:
1833:
1813:
1782:
1749:
1738:
1722:
1704:
1697:
1674:
1660:
1646:Lasagna, Louis
1637:
1609:
1605:Gardner (1957)
1597:
1593:Gardner (1957)
1585:
1581:Gardner (1950)
1573:
1569:Gardner (1950)
1561:
1557:Gardner (1957)
1549:
1546:Gardner (1950)
1538:
1534:Gardner (1957)
1526:
1522:Gardner (1957)
1514:
1507:
1486:
1477:
1474:Gardner (1957)
1466:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1406:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1287:Anson D. Shupe
1278:, in his book
1265:Hoxsey Therapy
1254:
1251:
1208:Antioch Review
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1150:Upton Sinclair
1147:
1142:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1108:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1082:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1046:L. Ron Hubbard
1038:
1037:
1036:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1009:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
975:
974:
973:
948:
947:
946:
937:
932:
927:
912:Rudolf Steiner
909:
900:
894:
885:
874:
873:
872:
866:Hoxsey Therapy
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
829:Upton Sinclair
822:
820:Elisha Perkins
815:Medical Quacks
812:
811:
810:
800:
790:
772:
751:
750:
749:
726:
725:
724:
711:
693:
692:
691:
673:
658:
657:
656:
634:
633:
632:
621:Hilaire Belloc
618:
615:Mortimer Adler
612:
603:
587:
586:
585:
562:
561:
560:
546:
532:
531:
530:
515:
514:
513:
498:Joseph Battell
490:
489:
488:
477:
476:
475:
456:Richard Shaver
452:Raymond Palmer
449:
443:Kenneth Arnold
438:Flying Saucers
435:
434:
433:
416:
410:Tiffany Thayer
398:
397:
396:
385:Hanns Hörbiger
374:
363:
347:
346:
345:
331:
316:
315:
314:
301:
298:
289:
288:
280:
273:
258:
255:
208:
205:
203:
200:
181:pseudosciences
177:Martin Gardner
160:
159:
152:
148:
147:
142:
134:
133:
128:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
41:Martin Gardner
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3342:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3320:Science books
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3219:Fortean Times
3216:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3015:Deepak Chopra
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:pseudoscience
2974:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:Cryptozoology
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2746:Anti-gravity‎
2744:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2669:Pseudohistory
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:Generationism
2615:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:5G conspiracy
2573:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2565:Catastrophism
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:FasciaBlaster
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:Correactology
2348:
2346:
2345:Chromotherapy
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:pseudoscience
2263:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2207:Pseudohistory
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2192:Fringe theory
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2154:Pseudoscience
2148:
2143:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1946:
1940:
1933:
1922:
1920:0-486-20394-8
1916:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1856:
1851:
1836:
1834:9780745629759
1830:
1826:
1825:
1817:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1718:
1714:
1713:Wilson, Colin
1708:
1700:
1698:0-88946-333-6
1694:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1663:
1661:9780836916690
1657:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1606:
1601:
1594:
1589:
1582:
1577:
1570:
1565:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1523:
1518:
1510:
1508:0-8050-7089-3
1504:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1481:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1427:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1354:, writing in
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1276:Louis Lasagna
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1177:
1175:
1174:Bridey Murphy
1171:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1140:psychokinesis
1137:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:
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1029:Wilhelm Reich
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925:
921:
920:anthroposophy
917:
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910:
908:
904:
901:
898:
897:Vegetarianism
895:
893:
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886:
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880:
879:
878:
877:Food Faddists
875:
871:
867:
863:
861:
858:
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851:
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845:color therapy
843:
841:
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836:
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754:Medical Cults
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570:Andrew Crosse
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100:United States
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63:pseudoscience
60:
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3203:
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3085:Mike Lindell
3005:Rhonda Byrne
2976:Promoters of
2963:Water memory
2903:Laundry ball
2795:Tractor beam
2751:Cold fusion‎
2447:Lunar effect
2392:Ear candling
2340:Chiropractic
2330:Bloodletting
2320:Bates method
2290:Aromatherapy
2253:
2219:Junk science
2065:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1997:
1996:
1931:
1924:, retrieved
1905:
1879:
1875:
1850:
1840:February 14,
1838:. Retrieved
1823:
1816:
1806:February 14,
1804:. Retrieved
1798:
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1775:February 14,
1773:. Retrieved
1769:the original
1764:Toronto Star
1762:
1752:
1741:
1716:
1707:
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1667:February 14,
1665:. Retrieved
1650:
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1630:February 14,
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1621:
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1461:
1456:February 14,
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1444:
1413:
1401:
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1381:Bates method
1376:
1374:
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1343:Toronto Star
1341:
1339:
1327:
1325:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1300:Colin Wilson
1297:
1292:
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1242:
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1220:
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1194:
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1167:
1155:Mental Radio
1153:
1152:(again) and
1145:Nandor Fodor
1126:
1096:
1065:
1055:
1054:. (The term
1049:
1040:
1023:
998:Frank Harris
977:
967:
960:Bates method
950:
903:J. I. Rodale
892:Dr. Hay diet
876:
814:
807:chiropractic
783:zone therapy
779:iridiagnosis
762:
753:
728:
705:Lewis Spence
695:
660:
636:
609:
598:
589:
564:
544:radiesthesia
534:
523:Roger Babson
517:
492:
479:
468:Gerald Heard
464:Frank Scully
437:
426:
406:Charles Fort
401:The Forteans
400:
389:Welteislehre
380:
369:
358:
349:
337:theories of
335:Hollow Earth
318:
308:
303:
293:
290:
247:
246:. There are
241:
224:
222:
217:questionable
216:
211:
210:
193:
171:
170:
165:
164:
163:
154:
2990:Del Bigtree
2477:Panchagavya
2467:Naturopathy
2335:Body memory
2285:Acupuncture
2170:Terminology
1926:14 November
1583:p. 456, n.4
1111:physiognomy
1089:psychodrama
1057:Scientology
860:Edgar Cayce
775:Naturopathy
734:John Taylor
629:H. G. Wells
512:and others.
428:Great Books
285:Jabberwocky
3294:Categories
3230:Quackwatch
3060:David Icke
3040:Max Gerson
3035:Gaia, Inc.
2923:Numerology
2918:Lysenkoism
2913:Levitation
2893:Graphology
2778:Dean drive
2713:Aryan race
2644:Mediumship
2519:Trepanning
2487:Phrenology
2427:Homeopathy
2325:Biorhythms
2224:Paranormal
1865:References
1320:A. J. Ayer
1267:and about
1127:ESP and PK
1120:graphology
1106:phrenology
835:Ruth Drown
797:osteopathy
769:homeopathy
654:Lysenkoism
646:Lamarckism
637:Lysenkoism
555:and their
553:Henry Goss
327:theory of
325:Flat Earth
187:movement.
67:skepticism
3185:Resources
3115:Mehmet Oz
2933:Polygraph
2883:Feng shui
2851:Dianetics
2826:Astrology
2691:Pseudolaw
2497:Radionics
2472:Palmistry
2437:Iridology
2239:Snake oil
2182:Charlatan
2084:Alter Ego
1269:Krebiozen
1253:Reception
1189:The 1957
1115:palmistry
1041:Dianetics
935:Nutrilite
870:Krebiozen
850:Gurdjieff
703:(again),
670:nordicism
474:movement.
194:The book
110:Paperback
77:Publisher
2873:Eugenics
2856:Auditing
2432:Humorism
2407:Fad diet
2355:Cryonics
2315:Ayurveda
2278:Medicine
2234:Quackery
1939:citation
1791:Ed Regis
1715:(1981).
1685:(1981).
1648:(1970).
1536:pp 13-14
1497:(2002).
1441:(2001).
1396:See also
1352:Ed Regis
1024:Orgonomy
1005:and the
890:and the
709:Atlantis
600:Omphalos
597:and his
525:and the
470:and the
430:Movement
420:Hutchins
412:and the
381:Ragnarok
300:Chapters
277:Einstein
244:paranoia
233:Einstein
207:Synopsis
202:Contents
145:18598918
71:quackery
55:Subjects
47:Language
3020:Clonaid
2953:Ufology
2863:Dowsing
2816:Alchemy
2783:EMDrive
2739:Physics
2365:Cupping
2266:Topics
2068:columns
1896:4609447
1857:preface
1559:p. viii
1524:pp. 8–9
1346:called
1185:History
1016:karezza
944:Hadacol
777:, with
722:Lemuria
686:, and “
650:Lysenko
642:Lamarck
557:dowsing
270:masonry
266:Pasteur
262:Galileo
196:debunks
108:Print (
59:Science
50:English
2928:Orgone
2100:Legacy
2057:(1998)
2049:(1998)
2041:(1983)
2033:(1981)
2025:(1973)
2017:(1964)
2009:(1960)
2001:(1957)
1917:
1894:
1831:
1695:
1658:
1571:p. 456
1505:
1335:CSICOP
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1033:orgone
958:, the
767:, and
625:debate
445:, the
37:Author
2809:Other
2502:Reiki
2187:Crank
1990:Books
1892:JSTOR
1607:p. 15
1595:p. 11
1422:Notes
1191:Dover
1087:and “
1077:and “
1031:and “
1014:and “
668:and “
627:with
424:Adler
175:—was
117:Pages
3120:Raël
1945:link
1928:2010
1915:ISBN
1842:2011
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1777:2011
1693:ISBN
1669:2011
1656:ISBN
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1458:2011
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