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310:. These rolls were more compact and cheaper to manufacture than book music. Technically, they were more susceptible to poor handling but all systems experienced their own types of characteristic wear and tear during repeated playing. Both "book" and "roll" systems were manufactured with different operating actions which read the music via air pressure, under suction, or mechanically. To extend longevity, mechanically read cardboard book music was typically strengthened with an application of
763:
Edwin, moved his business to
Whitchurch in 1939 and so established the present site where the retail shop and workshop are today. Under the direction of Edwin Dean's son, Michael, the family turned its attention to the building of new traditional fairground and street organs. It was at this time that the company became known as Dean Organ Builders. The company introduced the 20 keyless book playing organ. The business continues in the hands of Richard and Sue Dean.
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1485:. At their height from 1900 to 1914, they had factories in both Paris and Waldkirch, Germany. Bought the patents and what remained of rival Gavioli from administrators in 1910. German factory was confiscated during World War I, and after return in 1921 sold to Alfred Bruder in 1924. Company ceased trading in 1936.
301:
Early organs were designed to be compact and operated by an unskilled person or mechanically. These were played via an integral pinned barrel requiring no human input apart from changing the number of the tune being played. These had a fixed repertoire and, if it was desired to change the tunes, a
260:
Like all mechanical instruments, fairground organs have been made by a myriad of manufacturers, in various sizes and to various technical specifications, with various trademark characteristics. Active preservation initiatives and collectors' communities are associated with vintage instruments, and
852:
Founded in 1902 by Aloïs Decap, the name was changed when taken over by the four sons: Livien, Frans, Léon, Camille. Maker of dance organs (early years), mechanical pianos (limited production, early years), street and fairground organs (1920s-1930s). Leading maker of dance organs, 1930s-present.
762:
John Dean established himself as wheelwright and cabinet maker circa 1818 in
Bridport, but it was his grandson, Thomas Walter Dean who moved the family and their business to Bedminster in Bristol, following his marriage in 1899 to the daughter of a local dealer, William Wyatt. Walter Dean's son,
184:
The motive force for a fairground organ is typically wind under pressure generated from mechanically powered bellows in the instrument's base. Without the need for a human player, the instruments are keyboard-less (except for relatively rare configurations with one or more accordions, whose keys
161:
until the advent of effective electrical sound amplification in the mid-1920s. The organ chassis was typically covered with an ornate and florid decorative case façade designed to attract attention in the tradition of most fairground equipment. Giacomo
Gavioli patented the use
317:
All the functions of the organ are (apart from the smallest organs) operated automatically from the music media. Larger instruments contain automatic organ stop register control and additional control tracks for operating percussion instruments, lighting effect and automaton figures.
173:
The ornate case façades frequently had percussion instruments such as a glockenspiel and drums that provided visual entertainment as they played. There were often ornate human figures, such as a conductor whose arm moved in time to the music, or women whose arms struck bells.
148:
As fairgrounds became more mechanised at the end of the nineteenth century, their musical needs grew. The period of greatest activity of fairground organ manufacture and development was the late 1830s, particularly with the opening of the
Limonaire Frères company of
306:. Their system became widely regarded as commercially advantageous and other manufacturers followed suit. Book music offered a cheaper and more readily updated alternative to barrel music. Also used by many manufacturers including Gavioli was operation via paper
2124:
Five generations of family members have built and repaired portable hand-cranked organs, street organs (including the world-famous Dutch street organ "The Arab"), fairground organs, and dance organs since 1884. Business names have included:
2514:
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business from 1897, and then bought De Kleist's interest in 1908. Moved all production of organs to the site, and began heavily investing. Organ production ceased in 1942, with the factory turned over to producing
302:
complete new pinned barrel was required. To offer a more flexible choice of repertoire, a system of robust interchangeable perforated cardboard book music was patented first by
Parisian manufacturers
3260:
207:, pictured above, is a hybrid of these technologies. Its traditional pneumatic instruments can be played either from traditional perforated books, or from its integrated Yamaha
166: to play organs, which later became the basis of fairground organs. In 1910, Joseph and Antoine Limonaire took over the patents when Gavioli ceased production, leading to
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1481:
Founded in Paris in the 1830s by a group of brothers, the company went through various iterations before becoming the second largest producer of organs behind
3452:
3253:
3436:
2161:: since 1979, Johnny Verbeeck and his wife Marijke have operated the business in St. Job-in-'t-Goor. Since 2015, Jeffrey Verbeeck continued the business
140:. Unlike organs for indoor use, they are designed to produce a large volume of sound to be heard above the noises of crowds and fairground machinery.
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At one point, the largest organ builder in the world. Ceased trading in 1910, with patents, designs and brand sold to rival
Limonaire Frères
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203:
Since the advent of computer control (from the early 1970s on), some band organs have been built or converted to be played electronically.
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3269:
2515:"The Rise, Blossom and Fall of the Gavioli Factory Part 1. The rise: Ludovico Gavioli 1807-1860 from inventor to organ builder"
2934:
2653:
Fairground Organ
Collector Paul Eakins on 1970 Program "Perception" Hosted by Dick Bertel on WTIC-TV in Hartford, Connecticut
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could be seen to move). Early organs were played by a rotating barrel with the sounds triggered by metal pins, as in a
278:
2359:. Post war, the factory produced various Wurlitzer lines, including radios and jukeboxes. The factory closed in 1973.
177:
The organs were designed to mimic the musical capabilities of a typical human band. For this reason they are known as
2867:
189:. Later organs employed strips of cards perforated with the music data and registration (instrument) controls called
79:
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50:
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in 1839. Virtually all ambient fairground music continued to be produced by fairground organs and similar
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150:
853:
Business now runs by
Camille's daughter Martha, her husband Louis Mostmans and son Roger under the name
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Fairground organs have been used in many entertainment settings, including fairground rides static
44:
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704:
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105:
61:
314:. Music rolls were typically fortified via the use of robust moisture-resisting paper stocks.
2542:
1937:
703:. While running his own business in London, was persuaded by American fairground ride maker
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bought his interest in the business in 1909 after he was elected mayor of North
Tonawanda
8:
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Manufacturers of fairground organs also typically made instruments for indoor use in
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Started in
Waldkirch, moved to Breda via Belgium. Returned to Waldkirch after
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settings to provide loud music to accompany rides and attractions, mostly
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2712:
2486:"Life of Guangzhou - Brief Introduction of Automatic Musical Instruments"
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covering the wind and percussive sections of an orchestra. Originated in
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1980:
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in 1892, he created the American Band organ sound. Business partner
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235:
227:
211:. Owner Willem Kelders can also use the interface to link organs (
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3119:
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2591:
Rufforth, York: A.C. Pilmer, 2002. (Revised translation of above)
2267:
2262:
2257:
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Built and converted fairground and street organs circa 1890-1930
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1940:
amusement park, now located at a smaller park in the city.
1400:
1240:
208:
3268:
1627:
2637:
2568:
The American Carousel Organ: An Illustrated Encyclopedia.
253:; and smaller versions for travelling street use, called
170:
becoming the generic French name for fairground organs.
2647:
328:
NOTE: non-exhaustive list of builders, past and present
2627:
2622:
2648:
Automatic Musical Instrument Collector's Association
2612:
UK, published by The Fair Organ Preservation Society
2418:
Stadler, Andrea (January 2006). "Limonaire Part 1".
433:
Converted European organs to the B.A.B. roll system
196:
or interchangeable rolls of perforated paper called
261:new instruments and music continue to be produced.
2687:
2575:The Encyclopedia of Automatic Musical Instruments.
2434:"La passionnante histoire de la famille Limonaire"
3633:
2596:The Golden Age of Automatic Musical Instruments.
27:Pneumatic musical organ originating from France
3254:
2928:
2673:
2598:Woodsville, NH: Mechanical Music Press, 2001.
2137:(Birmingham, then London, England, 1914–1949)
3261:
3247:
2935:
2921:
2680:
2666:
2628:The Carousel Organ Association of America
2601:Reblitz, Arthur A. and Bowers, Q. David:
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
2155:(St. Job-in-'t-Goor, Belgium, 1965–1979)
288:
268:
200:similar to those used in player pianos.
132:, it was designed for use in commercial
99:
91:
43:This article includes a list of general
2589:Waldkirch Street and Fairground Organs.
2582:Waldkircher Dreh- und Jahrmarkt-Orgeln.
2534:
2417:
14:
3634:
3270:Traditional French musical instruments
2942:
2540:
104:The Frati & Co. Band Organ at the
3242:
2916:
2661:
2584:Waldkirch: Waldkircher Verlag, 1993.
2352:North Tonawanda Barrel Organ Factory
1936:Makers of the organ formerly at the
1633:Niagara Musical Instrument Mfg. Co.
713:North Tonawanda Barrel Organ Factory
29:
2643:Australian Mechanical Organ Society
2610:The Fair Organ — How It Works.
2472:"La petite musique des orgues Odin"
2334:
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1139:
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884:
842:
835:
816:Decap, Gebroeders (Decap Brothers)
798:
791:
754:
745:
683:
644:
625:Cocchi, Bacigalupo & Graffigna
607:
570:
533:
496:
459:
421:
384:
223:) to play the same music together.
24:
2544:Myrtle Beach: A History, 1900-1980
334:List of mechanical organ builders
279:Herschell Carrousel Factory Museum
273:The roll-playing mechanism on the
159:pneumatically operated instruments
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3678:
2616:
695:Expatriate German who trained at
2726:
2547:. Univ of South Carolina Press.
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481:
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406:
385:
369:
238:. Many can be seen exhibited at
34:
2638:Mechanical Organ Owners Society
2623:Fair Organ Preservation Society
2605:Vestal, NY: Vestal Press, 1981.
2577:Vestal, NY: Vestal Press, 1972.
3647:Mechanical musical instruments
2688:Mechanical musical instruments
2603:Treasures of Mechanical Music.
2507:
2478:
2464:
2450:
2426:
2411:
13:
1:
2404:
2143:(Antwerp, Belgium, 1918–1938)
2131:(1884–1914, Antwerp, Belgium)
1584:Nederlands Boekorgel Centrum
2633:Kring Van Draaiorgelvrienden
2149:(Deurne, Belgium, 1944–1947)
264:
7:
2541:Stokes, Barbara F. (2007).
2367:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2234:
2197:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2055:
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2011:
1968:
1926:
1889:
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1812:
1773:
1730:
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1223:
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923:
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837:
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793:
756:
747:
685:
646:
609:
572:
535:
498:
461:
423:
386:
321:
293:Duplex roll mechanism of a
10:
3683:
3662:French musical instruments
3652:Amusement park attractions
2570:Grove, OK: Ron Bopp, 1998.
1493:Charles Marenghi & Cie
855:Decap Brothers of Antwerp.
143:
3533:
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3472:
3465:
3445:
3417:
3384:
3366:
3359:
3329:
3283:
3276:
3168:
3085:
3040:
2955:
2830:
2804:
2776:
2735:
2724:
2693:
2342:After collaborating with
2300:Rudolph Wurlitzer Company
1036:Gaudin Freres & Cie.
709:North Tonawanda, New York
234:), amusements parks, and
2172:Heinrich Voigt Orgelbau
1905:Andreas Ruth & Sohn
1686:Saint-Just-Saint-Rambert
341:
2490:www.lifeofguangzhou.com
1537:Usines Theofiel Mortier
1072:Successors to Marenghi
707:to start production in
365:Artizan Factories, Inc
64:more precise citations.
2743:American Piano Company
2458:"Les frères LIMONAIRE"
2135:J. Verbeeck & Sons
1947:Stinson Organ Company
1750:G. Perlee Draaiorgels
1290:Johnson Organ Company
298:
286:
277:146 band organ at the
181:in the United States.
113:
106:Lakeside Park Carousel
97:
2213:Gebrüder Wellershaus
1938:Myrtle Beach Pavilion
551:Wilhelm Bruder Söhne
402:B.A.B. Organ Company
292:
272:
103:
96:Ruth Fairground organ
95:
2594:Reblitz, Arthur A.:
2587:Jüttemann, Herbert:
2580:Jüttemann, Herbert:
2025:van Steenput Frères
726:Dean Organ Builders
3576:Cornemuse du Centre
3301:Epinette des Vosges
3145:Trompette militaire
3016:Combination action
2348:Wurlitzer Tonophone
2317:North Tonawanda, NY
1829:Pooker Organ Works
1820:Son of Anton Pluer
1649:North Tonawanda, NY
742:Whitchurch, Bristol
680:North Tonawanda, NY
588:Chiappa & Sons
514:Ignaz Bruder Söhne
381:North Tonawanda, NY
335:
3316:Tambourin à cordes
3198:Historical Society
2608:Cockayne, Eric V.
2573:Bowers, Q. David:
2350:, bought into the
1576:2010-04-17 at the
1246:Jäger und Brommer
1119:Gavioli & Cie.
333:
299:
287:
114:
98:
3657:French inventions
3629:
3628:
3591:Orgue de barbarie
3529:
3528:
3461:
3460:
3355:
3354:
3236:
3235:
3025:Tubular-pneumatic
3020:Electro-pneumatic
2910:
2909:
2890:Berry-Wood A.O.W.
2554:978-1-57003-697-2
2365:
2364:
2192:Frankfurt am Main
2002:Saint-Jean-du-Pin
1963:Bellefontaine, OH
1868:Gebrüder Richter
1742:Page & Howard
1080:Foucher-Gasparini
717:Rudolph Wurlitzer
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
3674:
3470:
3469:
3364:
3363:
3337:Basse de Flandre
3281:
3280:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3240:
3239:
2995:Expression pedal
2975:Eight-foot pitch
2937:
2930:
2923:
2914:
2913:
2730:
2718:Fairground organ
2682:
2675:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2559:
2558:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2519:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2492:. Archived from
2482:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2389:Mechanical organ
2344:Eugene de Kleist
2339:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2310:
2309:
2290:
2289:
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2222:
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2181:
2180:
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2107:
2106:
2088:
2087:
2077:
2076:
2058:
2057:
2049:
2048:
2034:
2033:
2014:
2013:
1995:
1994:
1971:
1970:
1956:
1955:
1929:
1928:
1914:
1913:
1892:
1891:
1877:
1876:
1853:
1852:
1838:
1837:
1815:
1814:
1798:
1797:
1776:
1775:
1759:
1758:
1733:
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285:, NY. 150 Scale.
151:Avenue Daumesnil
118:fairground organ
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60:this article by
51:inline citations
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18:Fairground Organ
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2863:CPE Bach works
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2474:. 13 May 2015.
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232:bioscope shows
209:MIDI interface
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110:Port Dalhousie
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3347:Vielle à roue
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2895:Panharmonicon
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2822:Musical clock
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2496:on 2019-02-07
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2399:Organ grinder
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2153:Verbeeck Zoon
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236:skating rinks
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41:
32:
31:
19:
3601:Orgue de rue
3580:
3182:
3150:Voix céleste
3140:Registration
3110:Tibia Clausa
2957:Construction
2817:Cuckoo clock
2789:Player piano
2784:Barrel piano
2768:Welte-Mignon
2717:
2703:Barrel organ
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2543:
2536:
2525:. Retrieved
2521:
2509:
2498:. Retrieved
2494:the original
2489:
2480:
2466:
2452:
2441:. Retrieved
2438:limonaire.be
2437:
2428:
2419:
2413:
2374:Barrel organ
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2129:Jan Verbeeck
2128:
1741:
1345:Buenos Aires
1028:World War II
865:Pierre Eich
854:
418:Brooklyn, NY
327:
316:
300:
259:
251:dance organs
244:
225:
220:
219:, driven by
216:
212:
204:
202:
198:music rolls,
197:
190:
183:
178:
176:
172:
167:
147:
117:
115:
76:
67:
48:
3611:Ralé-poussé
3369:instruments
3160:Zimbelstern
2944:Pipe organs
2902:Photoplayer
2885:Orchestrion
2713:Dance organ
2566:Bopp, Ron:
2522:www.coaa.us
2394:Orchestrion
2379:Dance organ
2251:Fritz Wrede
2159:J. Verbeeck
1800:Netherlands
1761:Netherlands
1595:Netherlands
1360:Since 1870
1174:Netherlands
1002:Netherlands
348:Fairground
247:dance halls
240:steam fairs
179:band organs
62:introducing
3642:Pipe organ
3636:Categories
3511:Sunaglieri
3504:Idiophones
3466:Percussion
3427:Cialamedda
3385:Flutes and
3213:Repertoire
3183:Fairground
3155:Vox humana
3130:Ophicleide
3050:En chamade
2880:Music roll
2848:Book music
2794:Piano roll
2748:Disklavier
2708:Book music
2527:2006-06-01
2500:2019-02-09
2443:2015-11-12
2405:References
1884:Düsseldorf
1709:John Page
1367:Le Ludion
1329:La Salvia
772:Fr. Decap
308:music roll
217:Locomotion
192:book music
164:book music
134:fairground
45:references
3621:Serinette
3616:Riberbula
3606:Pyrophone
3581:Limonaire
3571:Chabrette
3418:Free-reed
3376:Urganettu
3367:Free-reed
3306:Mandulina
3203:Portative
3135:Plein-jeu
3007:Swell box
3002:Tremulant
2858:Music box
2853:Componium
2843:Belloneon
2147:Verbekson
2068:Verbeeck
1921:Waldkirch
1766:Amsterdam
1740:Formerly
1340:Argentina
1306:Fargo, ND
1262:Waldkirch
1007:Waldkirch
979:Carl Frei
788:Herentals
701:Waldkirch
567:Waldkirch
530:Waldkirch
493:Waldkirch
456:Waldkirch
345:Location
295:Wurlitzer
275:Wurlitzer
265:Operation
249:, called
230:(such as
228:sideshows
187:music box
168:limonaire
70:July 2017
3566:Caramusa
3561:Cabrette
3208:Positive
2965:Builders
2873:Polyphon
2758:Polyphon
2384:Calliope
2368:See also
1574:Archived
1383:Toulouse
918:Seyssuel
360:Website
342:Country
322:Builders
213:Rhapsody
162:of
3556:Bousine
3516:Timpanu
3495:Rouleur
3404:Pu'akau
3399:Pu toka
3321:Ukulele
3311:Mandore
3296:Cythara
3284:Plucked
3223:Theatre
3125:Mixture
3120:Gedackt
3100:Bourdon
3065:Voicing
3060:Scaling
3012:Tracker
2970:Console
2753:Duo-Art
2346:on the
2268:Hanover
2263:Germany
2229:Mülheim
2224:Germany
2183:Germany
2095:Antwerp
2090:England
2079:Belgium
2036:Belgium
1916:Germany
1879:Germany
1720:England
1600:Tilburg
1554:Antwerp
1549:Belgium
1483:Gavioli
1257:Germany
1213:Belgium
1179:Tilburg
991:Germany
952:Germany
876:Belgium
832:Antwerp
827:Belgium
783:Belgium
737:England
636:Germany
599:England
562:Germany
525:Germany
488:Germany
451:Germany
354:Street
312:shellac
304:Gavioli
221:Victory
205:Victory
144:History
58:improve
3541:Bodega
3534:Others
3521:Kayamb
3453:Pifana
3432:Pirula
3409:Pūʻili
3394:Graïle
3291:Cetera
3277:String
3193:German
3188:French
3173:Barrel
3115:Cornet
3077:Tuning
2985:Pedals
2980:Manual
2805:Clocks
2777:Pianos
2736:Brands
2695:Organs
2551:
2422:. USA.
2188:Höchst
2099:London
1997:France
1805:Bussum
1681:France
1505:France
1461:France
1417:France
1378:France
1131:France
1092:France
1047:France
957:Berlin
913:France
641:Berlin
604:London
357:Notes
351:Dance
130:France
47:, but
3586:Loure
3480:Gumbe
3473:Drums
3446:Horns
3420:pipes
3387:oboes
3342:Bobre
3330:Bowed
3228:Water
3218:Shoes
3178:Crawl
3105:Tibia
3087:Stops
3042:Pipes
2838:AMICA
2831:Other
2518:(PDF)
2041:Puurs
1510:Paris
1466:Paris
1422:Paris
1136:Paris
1097:Paris
1052:Paris
1011:Breda
881:Ghent
339:Name
155:Paris
126:Paris
120:is a
112:, ON.
3546:Boha
3490:Pate
3485:Pahu
3437:Vivo
3360:Wind
3091:List
3072:Reed
3055:Flue
3030:Stop
2948:list
2868:MBSI
2549:ISBN
215:and
699:in
281:in
108:in
3638::
2520:.
2488:.
2436:.
2190:,
257:.
242:.
153:,
128:,
116:A
3262:e
3255:t
3248:v
3093:)
3089:(
2950:)
2946:(
2936:e
2929:t
2922:v
2681:e
2674:t
2667:v
2557:.
2530:.
2503:.
2460:.
2446:.
194:;
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
