307:
708:
288:
697:
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66:
25:
245:
168:
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Risk factors may be grouped into intrinsic factors, such as existence of a specific ailment or disease. External or extrinsic factors include the environment and the way in which it may encourage or deter accidental falls. Such factors as lighting and illumination, personal aid equipment and floor traction are all important in
1586:
Grossman, David C.; Curry, Susan J.; Owens, Douglas K.; Barry, Michael J.; Caughey, Aaron B.; Davidson, Karina W.; Doubeni, Chyke A.; Epling, John W.; Kemper, Alex R.; Krist, Alex H.; Kubik, Martha; Landefeld, Seth; Mangione, Carol M.; Pignone, Michael; Silverstein, Michael; Simon, Melissa A.; Tseng,
960:
American
Geriatrics society (AGS)/British Geriatrics Society (BGS) recommend that all older adults should be screened for "falls in the past year". Fall history is the strongest risk factor associated with subsequent falls. Older people who have experienced at least one fall in the last 6 months, or
810:
When assessing a person who has fallen an eyewitness account of the incident is helpful. The person who fell may have had some loss of consciousness and may not be able to give an accurate description of the fall. In practice, these eyewitness accounts are often unavailable. 30% of cognitively intact
418:
or stepladders. The severity of injury is generally related to the height of the fall. The state of the ground surface onto which the victim falls is also important, harder surfaces causing more severe injury. Falls can be prevented by ensuring that carpets are tacked down, that objects like electric
534:
Falls are often caused by a number of factors. The faller may live with many risk factors for falling and only have problems when another factor appears. As such, management is often tailored to treating the factor that caused the fall, rather than all of the risk factors a patient has for falling.
1001:
Direct costs are what patients and insurance companies pay for treating fall-related injuries. This includes fees for the hospital and nursing home, doctors and other professional services, rehabilitation, community-based services, use of medical equipment, prescription drugs, changes made to home
865:
The relationship between the person at risk of falling and their environment is important for determining the risk falls and taking measures to prevent falls. An assessment with an occupational therapist may be helpful to determine an appropriate rehabilitation plan to prevent falls by taking into
977:
The incidence of falls increases progressively with age. According to the existing scientific literature, approximately one-third of the elderly population experiences one or more falls each year, while 10% experience multiple falls annually. The risk is greater in people older than 80 years, in
951:
People who are hospitalized are at risk for falling. A randomized trial showed that use of a tool kit reduced falls in hospitals. Nurses complete a valid fall risk assessment scale. From that, a software package develops customized fall prevention interventions to address patients' specific
968:
Older adults who report falls should be asked about their circumstances and frequency to assess risks from gait and balance which may be compromised. A fall risk assessment is done by a clinician to include history, physical exam, functional capability, and environment.
964:
Many health institutions in USA have developed screening questionnaires. Enquiry includes difficulty with walking and balance, medication use to help with sleep/mood, loss of sensation in feet, vision problems, fear of falling, and use of assistive devices for walking.
636:
and trifocals can increase the risk of falling as the lower portion of corrective lenses are optimized for distances approximately 18 in (46 cm), thus precluding clear vision of one's feet/floor, approximately 4.5–5.5 ft (1.4–1.7 m) below one's
781:
of low friction against floor. Rubber soles with ribs normally have a high friction coefficient, so are preferred for most purposes. Clothing should fit the user well, without trailing parts (hems falling below the heel and loose shoelaces) which could snag with
1533:
Tricco, AC; Thomas, SM; Veroniki, AA; Hamid, JS; Cogo, E; Strifler, L; Khan, PA; Robson, R; Sibley, KM; MacDonald, H; Riva, JJ; Thavorn, K; Wilson, C; Holroyd-Leduc, J; Kerr, GD; Feldman, F; Majumdar, SR; Jaglal, SB; Hui, W; Straus, SE (7 November 2017).
732:
of existing lights or lamps, so preventing hazard identification and avoidance. Eyesight deteriorates with age, and extra lighting will be needed where seniors move frequently. The power of the bulbs used should be higher than normally accepted, with
866:
consideration both the person and their living environment. A large body of evidence shows that efforts to include exercise decrease the risk of falls, and yet the fear of falling can lead to a decrease in participation in physical exercise.
462:
be defined as "an unexpected event in which the participants come to rest on the ground, floor, or lower level." The ProFane taxonomy is currently used as a framework to appraise falls-related research studies in
Cochrane Systematic Reviews.
737:
preferred especially as they react much more quickly than other types of bulb when switched on. This is vital when entering a room where an obstacle can trip the user for example, especially if not seen in time to prevent the
413:
is often multifactorial and may require a multidisciplinary approach both to treat any injuries sustained and to prevent future falls. Falls include dropping from a standing position or from exposed positions such as those on
897:
Regular exercise - lower limb strengthening exercise to increase muscle strength. Other forms of exercise, such as those involving gait, balance, co-ordination and functional tasks, may also help improve balance in older
1020:
Furthermore, a 2012 systematic review has demonstrated that performing dual-task tests (for example, combining a walking task with a counting task) may help in predicting which people are at an increased risk of a fall.
1361:
Hopewell S, Adedire O, Copsey BJ, Sherrington C, Clemson LM, Close JC, Lamb SE (2016). "Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community (Protocol)".
938:
may decrease risk of hip fractures slightly, although they may slightly increase the risk of a pelvic fracture in older adults living in nursing care facilities. Little or no effect reported on other fractures or
450:
Other definitions are more inclusive and do not exclude "major intrinsic events" as a fall. Falls are of concern within medical treatment facilities. Fall prevention is usually a priority in healthcare settings.
2450:
952:
determinants of fall risk. The kit also has bed posters with brief text and an accompanying icon, patient education handouts, and plans of care, all communicating patient-specific alerts to key stakeholders.
1873:
Tricco, Andrea C.; Thomas, Sonia M.; Veroniki, Areti
Angeliki; Hamid, Jemila S.; Cogo, Elise; Strifler, Lisa; Khan, Paul A.; Robson, Reid; Sibley, Kathryn M.; MacDonald, Heather; Riva, John J. (2017-11-07).
748:, or too steep, encouraging trips and falls. The steps should be spaced widely with low risers, and surfaces should be slip-resistant. Softer surfaces can help limit impact injuries by cushioning loads.
475:
Soft tissue injuries. Bilateral orbital haematomas (two black eyes) suggests that the faller was probably not conscious as they fell, as they did not manage to protect their face as they hit the ground.
458:
due to the variation within research. The
Prevention of Falls Network Europe (ProFane) taxonomy for the definition and reporting of falls aimed at mitigating this problem. ProFane recommended that a
2155:
901:
A 2014 review concluded that exercise interventions may reduce fear of falling (FOF) in community-dwelling older adults immediately after the intervention, without evidence of long-term effects.
990:
as "an event which results in a person coming to rest unintentionally on the ground or other lower level, not as a result of a major intrinsic event (such as a stroke) or overwhelming hazard."
405:. Falling is one of the most common accidents that cause a loss in the quality of life for older adults, and is usually precipitated by a loss of balance and weakness in the legs. The cause of
1720:
Kendrick D, Kumar A, Carpenter H, Zijlstra G, Skelton DA, Cook JR, Stevens Z, Belcher CM, Haworth D, Gawler SJ, Gage H, Masud T, Bowling A, Pearl M, Morris RW, Iliffe S, Delbaere K (2014).
1385:
Sherrington C, Tiedemann A, Fairhall NJ, Hopewell S, Michaleff ZA, Howard K, Clemson L, Lamb SE (2016). "Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community (Protocol)".
1005:
Indirect costs include the loss of productivity of family caregivers and long-term effects of fall-related injuries such as disability, dependence on others and reduced quality of life.
998:
The health care impact and costs of falls in older adults are significantly rising all over the world. The cost of falls is categorized into 2 aspects: direct cost and indirect cost.
1269:
Lamb SE, Jørstad-Stein EC, Hauer K, Becker C (2005). "Development of a Common
Outcome Data Set for Fall Injury Prevention Trials: The Prevention of Falls Network Europe Consensus".
419:
cords are not in one's path, that hearing and vision are optimized, dizziness is minimized, alcohol intake is moderated and that shoes have low heels or rubber soles.
1721:
1046:
Bao X., Qiu Q.-X., Shao Y.-J., Quiben M., Liu H. Effect of
Sitting Ba-Duan-Jin Exercises on Balance and Quality of Life among Older Adults: A Preliminary Study.
1012:
visits for non-fatal injuries and more than 800,000 hospitalizations. By 2030, the annual number of falling injuries is expected to be 74 million older adults.
1132:"Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to vitamin D and risk of falling pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006"
1008:
In the United States alone, the total cost of falling injuries for people 65 and older was $ 31 billion in 2015. The costs covered millions of hospital
912:. Research in the UK has also suggested that these people would benefit from a falls assessment when first diagnosed, and regular treatment reviews.
2276:"Fall incidence in Germany: results of two population-based studies, and comparison of retrospective and prospective falls data collection methods"
1446:"Environmental and behavioural interventions for reducing physical activity limitation and preventing falls in older people with visual impairment"
1824:"Fragility fractures and prescriptions of medications for osteoporosis in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: results from the PMR Cohort Study"
884:
Adding safety devices, such as grab handles, high friction floors, as well as low power lighting at night to the person's home or work environment
2412:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Home and Recreational Safety, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD. 2016
1425:
336:
1444:
E, Jian-Yu; Li, Tianjing; McInally, Lianne; Thomson, Katie; Shahani, Uma; Gray, Lyle; Howe, Tracey E.; Skelton, Dawn A. (2020-09-03).
130:
1782:
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102:
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who believe that they may fall in the coming months, should be evaluated with the aim of reducing their risk of recurrent falls.
1037:
Eibling, D. (2018). Balance disorders in older adults.Clinics in
GeriatricMedicine,4(2), 175–181. doi:10.1016/j.cger.2018.01.002
83:
38:
1630:"Effectiveness of muscle strengthening and description of protocols for preventing falls in the elderly: a systematic review"
1201:
109:
1996:
Dykes PC, Carroll DL, Hurley A, Lipsitz S, Benoit A, Chang F, Meltzer S, Tsurikova R, Zuyov L, Middleton B (2010-11-03).
1758:
2374:
Tinetti ME, Speechley M, Ginter SF (Dec 1988). "Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community".
116:
219:
149:
52:
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Sarofim M (2012). "Predicting falls in the elderly: do dual-task tests offer any added value? A systematic review".
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will delay responses and compensations to standing or walking imbalances, thus increasing the likelihood of falls.
98:
1227:"Systematic review of definitions and methods of measuring falls in randomised controlled fall prevention trials"
877:
Improvements to the person's environment such as their home or workplace may help to reduce the risk of falling.
2239:
RodrĂguez-Molinero (2015). "Falls in the
Spanish elderly population: Incidence, consequences and risk factors".
427:
87:
986:
Researchers have tried to create a consensual definition of a fall since the 1980s. Tinneti et al. defined a
759:
of low headroom (less than about 6 ft (1.8 m)) are common in old houses and cottages for example.
1536:"Comparisons of Interventions for Preventing Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"
811:
older people are unable to remember a documented fall three months later. Important points of inquiry:
194:
44:
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123:
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76:
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683:
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306:
1312:
Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, Gillespie WJ, Sherrington C, Gates S, Clemson LM, Lamb SE (2012).
1628:
Ishigaki, Erika Y.; Ramos, Lidiane G.; Carvalho, Elisa S.; Lunardi, Adriana C. (2016-11-08).
925:
is not recommended in those without vitamin D deficiency for fall prevention in older adults.
568:
402:
2327:"Falls in the Medicare population: incidence, associated factors, and impact on health care"
2109:
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should be supplied plentifully, especially in critical areas where users may be vulnerable.
771:
623:
327:
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An assessment tool to determine and quantify persons as low, mid, and high risk for falls.
485:. 5% of fallers end up having a fracture as a result of their fall, and 1% fracture their
8:
2495:
677:
2169:
Tinetti (1988). "Risk
Factors for Falls among Elderly Persons Living in the Community".
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1965:
1932:
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193:
Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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2017:
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Santesso, Nancy; Carrasco-Labra, Alonso; Brignardello-Petersen, Romina (2014-03-31).
1913:
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Nevitt (1989). "Risk factors for recurrent nonsyncopal falls. A prospective study".
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1982:
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Ficalora, Robert D.; Paul S. Mueller; Thomas J. Beckman; et al., eds. (2013).
1191:
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to reduce the risk of falling and bone fractures. Falls are an important aspect of
277:
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Monitoring of medications and ongoing medical problems - For example, people with
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2122:
860:
536:
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2182:
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1722:"Exercise for reducing fear of falling in older people living in the community"
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A 2006 review of literature identified the need for standardization of falls
1891:
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1314:"Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community"
1243:
1226:
696:
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2311:
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DK, Kiely (1998). "Identifying nursing home residents at risk of falling".
2039:
2013:
1974:
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1502:"Resource: Algorithm for Fall Risk Screening, Assessment, and Intervention"
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1165:"Fall and Injury Prevention – Patient Safety and Quality – NCBI Bookshelf"
287:
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2098:"A two-question tool to assess the risk of repeated falls in the elderly"
1685:
Howe, T. E.; Rochester, L; Neil, F; Skelton, D. A.; Ballinger, C (2011).
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Improvements to footwear and utilization of orthotic devices if required.
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Doorways with adequate headroom so that the user's head does not hit the
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and muscle wasting from reduced physical activity during recovery periods
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led to a recommendation that people over the age of 60 years should
65:
2156:"Clinical Practice Guideline: Prevention of Falls in Older Persons"
1876:"Comparisons of Interventions for Preventing Falls in Older Adults"
1589:"Interventions to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults"
794:
763:
745:
645:
633:
619:
363:
1507:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017. Archived from
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Assessment of proper, safe use of cane or walker assistive device
492:
410:
354:
1360:
828:" corrective response of moving hand and arm to "break" the fall
244:
167:
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1422:
National service framework for older people; Standard 6 – Falls
1196:(10th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 762.
752:
741:
552:
415:
1719:
1998:"Fall prevention in acute care hospitals: A randomized trial"
1933:"Hip protectors for preventing hip fractures in older people"
778:
1822:
Sokhal BS, Hider SL, Paskins Z, Mallen CD, Muller S (2021).
1627:
1268:
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and individual instability. All surfaces should have a high
756:
703:
with triangular handles in a modern
Japanese commuter train
1995:
1872:
1532:
1821:
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1585:
1225:
Hauer K, Lamb SE, Jorstad EC, Todd C, Becker C (2006).
2373:
1783:"Polymyalgia rheumatica: treatment reviews are needed"
2432:
1224:
1050:
2020;45(5):271-278. doi:10.1097/rnj.0000000000000219
674:– the commonest cause of syncope in A&E patients
978:which the annual incidence of falls can reach 50%.
930:
Interventions to minimize the consequences of falls
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2238:
2095:
1443:
630:increase the risk of falling and of hip fractures.
869:Possible interventions to prevent falls include:
2487:
1687:"Exercise for improving balance in older people"
1581:
1579:
2482:– Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2324:
1162:
891:
872:
1937:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1691:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1450:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2055:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
1576:
1271:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
1194:Mayo Clinic internal medicine board review
908:often take long-term steroids, leading to
604:significantly increase the risk of falling
243:
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881:A review of the current living conditions
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
2158:. The American Geriatrics Society. 2016.
718:
706:
695:
610:medications can contribute towards falls
2168:
1729:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1387:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1364:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1318:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
179:about prognosis/consequences, see e.g.
2488:
2203:
2096:RodrĂguez-Molinero, Alejandro (2017).
1409:
1053:
1731:. Art. No.: CD009848 (11): CD009848.
1634:Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy
1439:
1437:
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1081:
887:Identify and remove potential hazards
715:catering for mainly seated passengers
466:
2273:
1264:
1262:
691:
580:Visual motor reaction time problems
542:
161:
88:adding citations to reliable sources
59:
18:
2410:"Costs of Falls Among Older Adults"
1124:
840:legal and illegal drug interactions
13:
2067:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb01069.x
2052:
1430:
1163:Hughes, R. G.; Currie, L. (2008).
1065:Australian Medical Student Journal
682:Structural heart disease, such as
14:
2522:
2428:
1828:Rheumatology Advances in Practice
1259:
793:so as to improve user stability.
777:Clothing/footwear poorly fitted,
648:increases the likelihood of falls
34:This article has multiple issues.
2218:10.1001/jama.1989.03420180087036
1424:, Crown Copyright, 24 May 2001,
1283:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53455.x
723:A staircase with metal handrails
711:Grab rails on a longer-distance
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23:
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1646:10.1590/S1413-35552012005000148
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1378:
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785:Lack of equipment/aids such as
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1949:10.1002/14651858.CD001255.pub5
1737:10.1002/14651858.CD009848.pub2
1699:10.1002/14651858.CD004963.pub3
1462:10.1002/14651858.CD009233.pub3
1330:10.1002/14651858.CD007146.pub3
1218:
1185:
1156:
1075:
1040:
1031:
428:European Food Safety Authority
1:
1082:Chang, Huan J. (2010-01-20).
1024:
854:
762:Rugs/floor surfaces with low
445:
2123:10.1371/journal.pone.0176703
993:
955:
805:
7:
2388:10.1056/NEJM198812293192604
2183:10.1056/NEJM198812293192604
1587:Chien-Wen (24 April 2018).
1015:
946:
789:or walking frames, such as
393:are a significant cause of
10:
2527:
2253:10.1016/j.regg.2015.05.005
1795:10.3310/nihrevidence_51304
1002:and insurance processing.
981:
942:Treatment for osteoporosis
858:
16:Age-related health problem
2436:
1395:10.1002/14651858.CD012424
1372:10.1002/14651858.CD012221
892:Behavioural interventions
873:Environmental adaptations
728:Poor lighting due to low
598:is common in older people
529:
401:and are a major class of
256:
251:
242:
237:
189:10.1007/s11556-013-0134-8
2293:10.1186/1471-2318-14-105
2241:Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol
1149:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2382
1084:"Falls and older adults"
837:Risk factors for falling
672:Neurocardiogenic syncope
662:Postprandial hypotension
1892:10.1001/jama.2017.15006
1552:10.1001/jama.2017.15006
657:Orthostatic hypotension
99:"Falls in older adults"
2014:10.1001/jama.2010.1567
1834:(3) rkab094: rkab094.
1606:10.1001/jama.2018.3097
1420:Department of Health,
1101:10.1001/jama.303.3.288
906:polymyalgia rheumatica
724:
716:
704:
684:valvular heart disease
667:Carotid sinus syndrome
653:Cardiovascular causes
177:is missing information
2474:Morse Fall Assessment
2325:Shumway-Cook (2009).
1244:10.1093/ageing/afi218
722:
710:
699:
569:neuromuscular disease
391:Falls in older adults
238:Falls in older adults
2343:10.2522/ptj.20070107
1167:. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
772:friction coefficient
624:macular degeneration
618:Visual impairments,
403:preventable injuries
373:Fires, flames, smoke
280:in the United States
252:Front-wheeled walker
84:improve this article
2114:2017PLoSO..1276703R
2108:(12(5)): e0176703.
1841:10.1093/rap/rkab094
834:Associated features
678:Cardiac arrhythmias
642:Cognitive problems
1427:accessed:19/5/2008
831:Eyewitness account
824:Effectiveness of "
821:Frequency of falls
735:incandescent bulbs
725:
717:
705:
615:Visual impairment
573:vestibular disease
467:Signs and symptoms
440:geriatric medicine
263:Emergency medicine
2480:Older Adult Falls
2469:
2468:
2008:(17): 1912–1918.
1886:(17): 1687–1699.
1599:(16): 1696–1704.
1546:(17): 1687–1699.
1203:978-0-19-994894-9
692:Extrinsic factors
561:arthritic changes
548:Balance and gait
543:Intrinsic factors
525:A fear of falling
278:Accidental deaths
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271:
232:Medical condition
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2271:
2265:
2264:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2125:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2033:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1968:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1911:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1853:
1843:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1757:. Archived from
1748:
1726:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1693:(11): CD004963.
1682:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1608:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1513:
1506:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1481:
1441:
1428:
1418:
1407:
1406:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1277:(9): 1618–1622.
1266:
1257:
1256:
1246:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1142:(9) 2382. 2011.
1128:
1122:
1121:
1103:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1051:
1044:
1038:
1035:
774:with shoe soles.
744:with inadequate
500:Due to bed rest
426:evidence by the
379:
370:
361:
352:
343:
334:
325:
309:
290:
247:
235:
234:
225:
218:
207:
204:
198:
170:
162:
155:
148:
144:
141:
135:
133:
92:
68:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2506:Causes of death
2486:
2485:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2445:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2372:
2368:
2323:
2319:
2272:
2268:
2237:
2233:
2212:(18): 2663–68.
2202:
2198:
2167:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2094:
2090:
2051:
2047:
1994:
1990:
1943:(3): CD001255.
1929:
1925:
1871:
1867:
1820:
1816:
1807:
1805:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1683:
1679:
1626:
1622:
1584:
1577:
1531:
1527:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1456:(9): CD009233.
1442:
1431:
1419:
1410:
1383:
1379:
1359:
1355:
1324:(9): CD007146.
1310:
1306:
1267:
1260:
1223:
1219:
1204:
1190:
1186:
1177:
1175:
1161:
1157:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1080:
1076:
1061:
1054:
1048:Rehabil. Nurs..
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1018:
996:
984:
975:
958:
949:
932:
919:Supplementation
894:
875:
863:
861:Fall prevention
857:
808:
766:, causing poor
694:
551:As a result of
545:
537:fall prevention
532:
469:
448:
388:
387:
386:
385:
384:
377:
375:
368:
366:
359:
357:
350:
348:
341:
339:
332:
330:
323:
319:
318:
317:
316:
310:
301:
300:
299:
298:
297:
291:
282:
281:
233:
226:
215:
214:
213:
208:
202:
199:
192:
171:
156:
145:
139:
136:
93:
91:
81:
69:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2524:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2484:
2483:
2477:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:Classification
2430:
2429:External links
2427:
2424:
2423:
2401:
2382:(26): 1701–7.
2366:
2317:
2266:
2231:
2196:
2177:(26): 1701–7.
2161:
2147:
2088:
2061:(5): 551–555.
2045:
1988:
1923:
1865:
1814:
1789:. 2022-06-21.
1774:
1712:
1677:
1640:(2): 111–118.
1620:
1575:
1525:
1493:
1429:
1408:
1377:
1353:
1304:
1258:
1231:Age and Ageing
1217:
1202:
1184:
1155:
1123:
1074:
1052:
1039:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1010:emergency room
995:
992:
983:
980:
974:
971:
957:
954:
948:
945:
944:
943:
940:
936:Hip protectors
931:
928:
927:
926:
916:
913:
902:
899:
893:
890:
889:
888:
885:
882:
874:
871:
859:Main article:
856:
853:
852:
851:
848:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
822:
819:
807:
804:
803:
802:
799:hanging straps
787:walking sticks
783:
775:
760:
749:
739:
713:commuter train
701:Hanging straps
693:
690:
689:
688:
687:
686:
680:
675:
669:
664:
659:
651:
650:
649:
640:
639:
638:
631:
613:
612:
611:
608:Cardiovascular
605:
599:
590:
589:
588:
578:
577:
576:
544:
541:
531:
528:
527:
526:
523:
522:
521:
516:
511:
509:Pressure sores
506:
498:
497:
496:
493:Disuse atrophy
490:
476:
468:
465:
447:
444:
434:the diet with
424:clinical trial
376:
367:
358:
349:
340:
331:
322:
321:
320:
312:
311:
304:
303:
302:
293:
292:
285:
284:
283:
276:
275:
274:
273:
270:
269:
260:
254:
253:
249:
248:
240:
239:
231:
228:
227:
210:
209:
181:CDC fact sheet
174:
172:
165:
158:
157:
72:
70:
63:
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32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
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2497:
2494:
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2478:
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2472:
2471:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2452:
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2447:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2411:
2405:
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2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2337:(4): 324–32.
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2274:Rapp (2014).
2270:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:(6): 274–80.
2246:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2157:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1787:NIHR Evidence
1784:
1778:
1764:on 2018-07-20
1760:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1580:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1514:on 2017-12-31
1510:
1503:
1497:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1426:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1263:
1254:
1250:
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1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1199:
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1170:
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1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
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1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1057:
1049:
1043:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1003:
999:
991:
989:
979:
970:
966:
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941:
937:
934:
933:
924:
920:
917:
914:
911:
907:
903:
900:
896:
895:
886:
883:
880:
879:
878:
870:
867:
862:
849:
846:
843:Sedative and
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
823:
820:
818:
817:reaction time
815:Visual motor
814:
813:
812:
800:
796:
792:
791:Zimmer frames
788:
784:
780:
776:
773:
769:
765:
761:
758:
754:
750:
747:
743:
740:
736:
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727:
726:
721:
714:
709:
702:
698:
685:
681:
679:
676:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
652:
647:
644:
643:
641:
635:
632:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:
614:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
593:
591:
586:
585:reaction time
582:
581:
579:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
549:
547:
546:
540:
538:
524:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
501:
499:
494:
491:
488:
487:neck of femur
484:
480:
477:
474:
473:
471:
470:
464:
461:
457:
452:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
417:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
383:
374:
365:
356:
347:
338:
337:Motor-vehicle
329:
315:
308:
296:
289:
279:
268:
264:
261:
259:
255:
250:
246:
241:
236:
224:
221:
206:
203:December 2022
196:
190:
186:
182:
178:
175:This article
173:
169:
164:
163:
154:
151:
143:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101: –
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2449:
2414:. Retrieved
2404:
2379:
2376:N Engl J Med
2375:
2369:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2174:
2171:N Engl J Med
2170:
2164:
2150:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1883:
1879:
1868:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1806:. Retrieved
1786:
1777:
1766:. Retrieved
1759:the original
1728:
1715:
1690:
1680:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1596:
1592:
1543:
1539:
1528:
1516:. Retrieved
1509:the original
1496:
1453:
1449:
1421:
1386:
1380:
1363:
1356:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1274:
1270:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1193:
1187:
1176:. Retrieved
1158:
1139:
1136:EFSA Journal
1135:
1126:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1068:
1064:
1047:
1042:
1033:
1019:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
987:
985:
976:
973:Epidemiology
967:
963:
959:
950:
910:osteoporosis
876:
868:
864:
809:
596:Polypharmacy
592:Medications
583:An extended
557:Parkinsonism
533:
483:dislocations
459:
453:
449:
422:A review of
421:
390:
389:
313:
294:
216:
200:
176:
146:
140:October 2017
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2280:BMC Geriatr
1518:31 December
1237:(1): 5–10.
1071:(2): 13–19.
847:consumption
628:retinopathy
519:Hypothermia
514:Dehydration
382:Suffocation
267:gerontology
2496:Geriatrics
2490:Categories
2416:2 December
1808:2022-08-05
1768:2018-11-10
1178:2015-12-15
1094:(3): 288.
1025:References
855:Prevention
565:neuropathy
446:Definition
432:supplement
110:newspapers
39:improve it
2331:Phys Ther
2022:0098-7484
1957:1469-493X
1900:0098-7484
1803:251774691
1654:1809-9246
1470:1469-493X
1212:822991632
1110:0098-7484
994:Economics
956:Screening
923:vitamin D
826:parachute
806:Diagnosis
795:Grab bars
782:obstacles
746:handrails
738:accident.
730:luminance
602:Sedatives
555:disease,
504:Pneumonia
479:Fractures
436:vitamin D
399:mortality
395:morbidity
328:Poisoning
258:Specialty
195:talk page
45:talk page
2511:Injuries
2361:19228831
2312:25241278
2261:26168776
2142:28489888
2102:PLOS ONE
2083:13118673
2040:21045097
1983:27652715
1975:24687239
1966:10754476
1918:29114830
1860:34988356
1755:25432016
1707:22071817
1672:24760166
1615:29710141
1570:29114830
1488:32885841
1403:78199547
1348:22972103
1299:19526374
1291:16137297
1253:16364930
1173:21328754
1118:20085959
1016:Research
947:Hospital
768:traction
764:friction
757:Doorways
646:Dementia
634:Bifocals
620:glaucoma
456:taxonomy
364:Drowning
2501:Falling
2396:3205267
2352:2664994
2303:4179843
2286:: 105.
2226:2709546
2191:3205267
2133:5425174
2110:Bibcode
2075:9588366
2031:3107709
1909:5818787
1851:8712242
1746:7388865
1663:4183251
1561:5818787
1479:8095028
1339:8095069
982:History
898:adults.
845:alcohol
472:Trauma
416:ladders
411:old age
407:falling
355:Choking
124:scholar
2394:
2359:
2349:
2310:
2300:
2259:
2224:
2189:
2140:
2130:
2081:
2073:
2038:
2028:
2020:
1981:
1973:
1963:
1955:
1916:
1906:
1898:
1858:
1848:
1801:
1753:
1743:
1705:
1670:
1660:
1652:
1613:
1568:
1558:
1486:
1476:
1468:
1401:
1346:
1336:
1297:
1289:
1251:
1210:
1200:
1171:
1116:
1108:
939:falls.
753:lintel
742:Stairs
553:stroke
530:Causes
380:
378:
371:
369:
362:
360:
353:
351:
344:
342:
335:
333:
326:
324:
183:&
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
2460:R29.6
2079:S2CID
1979:S2CID
1799:S2CID
1762:(PDF)
1725:(PDF)
1512:(PDF)
1505:(PDF)
1399:S2CID
1295:S2CID
921:with
779:shoes
637:eyes.
346:Falls
131:JSTOR
117:books
2418:2016
2392:PMID
2357:PMID
2308:PMID
2257:PMID
2222:PMID
2206:JAMA
2187:PMID
2138:PMID
2071:PMID
2036:PMID
2018:ISSN
2002:JAMA
1971:PMID
1953:ISSN
1914:PMID
1896:ISSN
1880:JAMA
1856:PMID
1751:PMID
1703:PMID
1668:PMID
1650:ISSN
1611:PMID
1593:JAMA
1566:PMID
1540:JAMA
1520:2017
1484:PMID
1466:ISSN
1454:2020
1344:PMID
1322:2021
1287:PMID
1249:PMID
1208:OCLC
1198:ISBN
1169:PMID
1114:PMID
1106:ISSN
1088:JAMA
988:fall
797:and
626:and
481:and
460:fall
397:and
314:2004
295:2020
103:news
2451:ICD
2384:doi
2380:319
2347:PMC
2339:doi
2298:PMC
2288:doi
2249:doi
2214:doi
2210:261
2179:doi
2175:319
2128:PMC
2118:doi
2063:doi
2026:PMC
2010:doi
2006:304
1961:PMC
1945:doi
1904:PMC
1888:doi
1884:318
1846:PMC
1836:doi
1791:doi
1741:PMC
1733:doi
1695:doi
1658:PMC
1642:doi
1601:doi
1597:319
1556:PMC
1548:doi
1544:318
1474:PMC
1458:doi
1391:doi
1368:doi
1334:PMC
1326:doi
1279:doi
1239:doi
1144:doi
1096:doi
1092:303
571:or
409:in
185:doi
86:by
2492::
2458::
2455:10
2390:.
2378:.
2355:.
2345:.
2335:89
2333:.
2329:.
2306:.
2296:.
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