Fauna of Scotland - Knowledge

1190:. Separately, on Tayside, deliberate releases or escapes have led to up to 250 animals colonising the area. Although it was initially planned to remove these unofficially reintroduced beavers, in March 2012 the Scottish Government reversed the decision to remove beavers from the Tay, pending the outcome of studies into the suitability of re-introduction. Following receipt of the results of the studies, in November 2016 the Scottish Government announced that beavers could remain permanently, and would be given protected status as a native species within Scotland. Beavers will be allowed to extend their range naturally from Knapdale and along the River Tay, however to aid this process and improve the health and resilience of the population a further 28 beavers will be released in Knapdale between 2017 and 2020. 2148: 684: 40: 213: 1468: 484:, 244 sites in Scotland covering more than 8,750 square kilometres (3,380 sq mi) had been accepted by European Commission as Special Areas of Conservation (SAC). Scotland's seas are among the most biologically productive in the world and contain 40,000 or more species. Twenty-four of the SACs are marine sites, and a further nine are coastal with marine and non-marine elements. These marine elements extend to an area of around 350 square kilometres (140 sq mi). The 1844: 1303: 1686: 1235: 2541: 7585: 7573: 376: 2308: 465:, which supports a distinctive wildlife community. Seventy-five per cent of Scotland's land is classed as agricultural (including some moorland) while urban areas account for around 3%. The coastline is 11,803 kilometres (7,334 mi) long, and the number of islands with terrestrial vegetation is nearly 800, about 600 of them lying off the west coast. Scotland has more than 90% of the volume and 70% of the total surface area of 2729: 581: 2431: 7595: 1041: 821: 1483: 2901: 1016:; a third of the porpoise carcasses examined by pathologists from 1992 to 2002 indicated that death resulted from dolphin attacks. However, conservationists expressed dismay that the UK government decided to allow oil and gas prospecting in the Moray Firth, putting these populations of cetaceans at risk. In response, the government have placed 2290:. The area covers approximately 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi) and contains hundreds of mounds of about 100 metres (330 ft) in diameter and 5 metres (16 ft) in height, many having a teardrop shaped 'tail' orientated south-west of the mound. This feature may be unique globally. The tops of the mounds have living stands of 675:, are present around the coast of Scotland in internationally important numbers. In 2002 the Scottish grey seal population was estimated at 120,600 adult animals, which is around 36% of the world population and more than 90% of the UK's. The Scottish population of the common seal is 29,700, about 90% of the UK and 36% of the European total. 2533:. These ants, which are the most numerous residents of the Caledonian pine forest, build mounds from the pine cones and needles they find on the forest floor and may inhabit the mounds for decades. A single colony may collect 100,000 insects a day to feed its half million citizens and produce up to 250 kilograms (550 lb) of 2320:

Further action on a much wider scale may be required. According to a recent report "Scotland's marine life could be almost wiped out within 50 years unless tough action is taken to manage the way humans use the seas". Fears were expressed by a consortium of environmental organisations that commercial

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A new policy for NNRs was developed in 1996, which required them to have four attributes: primacy of nature, national importance, best practice management and continuity of management. The sites not meeting these characteristics were removed from the list. See "The Story of Hermaness National Nature

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Writing in 1947, Perry stated that his "first reaction to this dreadful black-list was that of amazed incredulity. I still find the details incredible. However, they were supplied by the lessee himself." In several instances these extermination totals are larger than the current resident numbers for

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246 Martens, 198 Wild Cats, 106 Polecats, 67 Badgers, 58 Otters, 475 Ravens, 462 Kestrels, 371 Rough-legged Buzzards, 285 Common Buzzards, 275 Kites, 98 Peregrine Falcons, 92 Hen Harriers, 78 Merlins, 71 Short-eared Owls, 63 Goshawks, 35 Long-eared Owls, 27 Sea Eagles, 18 Ospreys, 15 Golden Eagles,

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The complexities involved in conserving Scottish wildlife are highlighted in an RSPB report, noting that pine martens have been found to be a significant predator of capercaillie nests. Both species are protected, providing conservation agencies with a challenging conundrum to address. In 2012 the

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was exterminated in Scotland in 1879, and a reintroduction programme was launched by the RSPB in the 1980s. Although the species has made significant advances, it is estimated that 38% of the 395 birds fledged between 1999 and 2003 were poisoned and a further 9% shot or otherwise killed by humans.

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Most of about 250 species of bird regularly recorded in Britain venture into Scotland, and perhaps up to 300 more occur with varying degrees of rarity. A total of 247 species have been assessed and each placed onto one of three lists, red, amber or green, indicating the level of concern for their

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The history of mammals suggests three broad overlapping phases: natural colonisation after the ice age, human-caused extinctions, and introduction by humans of non-native species. The greater mobility of birds makes such generalisations hard to substantiate in their case. Modern humans have done

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in particular may be affected as they depend on high-altitude habitats, and populations are likely to decline if warmer weather brings competitors into their restricted ranges. Mammals and other vertebrates may fare better, although localised invertebrate populations are at risk. Marine life is

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islands off Scotland's west coast have only half those of Britain. Sixty-two species of mammal live wild in and around Scotland including 13 species found in coastal waters. The populations of a third of the land mammal species are thought to be in decline due to factors including environmental

2300:. Fish have been observed in the vicinity but not at higher densities than the background environment. Damage from trawler fishing was visible over about a half of the eastern Darwin Mounds surveyed during summer 2000, and the UK government is taking steps to protect the area. In 2003 the 1289:

island, and consequently has developed larger and stronger feet than the mainland variant. It is also slightly larger, has a longer beak, a drabber though more varied colouring, and a "peculiarly sweet and soft" song. The subspecies was recognised in 1884 and was protected by a special

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By means of escapes or deliberate releases, wild boar (Sus scrofa) have been re-introduced to several places in Scotland including a wide area of Lochaber and West Inverness-shire. Various other schemes are under consideration. For example, the owner of the Alladale estate north of

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ppne.co.uk. Retrieved 7 July 2009.) in Britain. There are too few amphibians and reptiles native to the UK for there to be any doubt that no endemic species exist. The position is implied, although not stated by SNH in their Information and Advisory Note Number 49

3463:, believed that the woods were much more extensive in Roman times than today. However, it is now thought that deforestation of the Southern Uplands, caused by climate and by people, was well underway when the legions arrived. See Smout (2007) pp. 20–32. 3266:. British Association of Nature Conservationists p. 30. Retrieved 14 July 2009. This source lists the UK's endemic species as being "14 lichens, 14 bryophytes, 1 fern, 21 higher plants, 16 invertebrates and 1 vertebrate (the Scottish crossbill)." 2174:

Scotland's seas, which constitute an area greater than that of the seas around the rest of the UK, are among the most biologically productive in the world. They are home to a third of the world's whale and dolphin species, most of the UK's

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s position as a true species is a matter of debate but the current consensus is that it does have this status (see for example Miles and Jackman (1991) pp. 21–30 and Benvie (2004) p. 55.) The position of the freshwater fish the vendace

648:, which were brought to Britain for fur farms in the 1950s, have been undertaken under the auspices of the Hebridean Mink Project and the Scottish Mink Initiative, which hopes to create a mink-free zone in a large area stretching from 2935:

serves as the forestry department of the Scottish Government and is one of the country's largest landowners. The Joint Nature Conservation Committee is the statutory adviser to Government on UK and international nature conservation.

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are suffering from over-fishing, that fish farming, especially for salmon is damaging the aquatic environment, a reduction in coastal marsh habitats is affecting marine bird life, litter in densely populated estuaries such as the

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Perhaps because endemic vertebrates are all but absent from the UK neither SNH nor JNCC appear to provide a definitive "list" but it is clear that the Scottish crossbill is the only endemic bird, (Gooders (1994) p. 273. and

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In addition to the Scottish wood ant, several Scottish species of invertebrate exist that are otherwise rare in the UK and important enough to have a specific "Action Plan" to provide protection. These are five species of

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Scottish Government published a "Code of Practice on Non-Native Species" to help people understand their responsibilities and provide guidance as to which public body has responsibility for the various habitats involved.

789:, has caused considerable controversy, and hedgehog culls were halted in 2007. The trapped animals are now relocated to the mainland. The programme has reduced this population; only two individuals were caught in 2007. 2105:

resources in Europe, with nearly 400 rivers supporting genetically distinct populations. Five fish species are considered 'late arrivals' to Scotland, having colonised by natural means prior to 1790. They are the

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was once abundant enough to support commercial activities, and Scotland is the remaining European stronghold with about half the global number present. There are populations in more than 50 rivers, mainly in the

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Thompson, P.M.; Corkrey, R.; Lusseau, D.; Lusseau, S.M.; Quick, N.; Durban, J.W.; Parsons, K.M.; Hammond, P.S. (2006). "An assessment of the current condition of the Moray Firth bottlenose dolphin population".

503:. As the post-glacial weather warmed and the ice retreated, mammals migrated through the landscape. However, the opening of the English Channel (as sea levels rose) prevented further migrations, so mainland 1513:. Four seabird species have more than 95% of their combined British and Irish population in Scotland, while a further fourteen species have more than half of their breeding population in Scottish colonies. 2720:. The Scottish Government introduced the Bee Keeping (Colonsay and Oronsay) Order 2013 to protect the species from cross-breeding and disease as the species has suffered serious declines on the mainland. 639:

and which has two distinct forms. The wild cat is at risk due to the inadequacy of protective legislation and is now considered at serious risk of extinction. In 2013 it was announced that the island of

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includes the largest area of arctic mountain landscape in the UK. Sites designated as of importance to natural heritage take up 39% of the land area, two-thirds of which are of Europe-wide importance.

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species that prefer cold water are declining and are not able support the crucial food chains on which many seabirds depend. Further evidence of problems for marine species has been provided by the

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live there that are otherwise rare in the United Kingdom (UK). An estimated 14,000 species of insect, including rare bees and butterflies protected by conservation action plans, inhabit Scotland.

1266:, is Britain's only endemic bird and, with only 300 breeding pairs, one of Europe's most threatened species. Its shape, red/green hue and habit of hanging upside down has led to comparisons with 3129: 2931:(NNR)s. Until 2004 there were 73, but a review carried out in that year resulted in a significant number of sites losing their NNR status, and by 2006 there were 55. As of 2018 there are 43. 516:

pollution, habitat fragmentation, changes in agricultural practices, particularly overgrazing, and competition from introduced species. No mammal species are unique to Scotland, although the

5914: 4263:. A coalition of conservation groups including WWF, The Wildlife Trust, the Marine Conservation Society and the RSPB have written to the minister concerned "urging him to abandon the plans". 3333:

pp. 9–15. Retrieved 7 July 2009. This publication confirms there is only one "endemic non-fish vertebrate species" in the British Isles, although it fails to identify the species concerned.

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The Scottish Wildlife Trust have announced a four-year project to commence in the spring of 2009 called "Saving Scotland's Red Squirrels". See "A new era for Scotland's red squirrels?" in

1159:, which was longer, hairier, coloured differently and had a skull shape at variance to the norm. It became extinct in 1938, just eight years after the evacuation of the native St Kildans. 8668: 2966:

is the conservation charity that protects and promotes Scotland's natural and cultural heritage. With more than 270,000 members it is the largest conservation charity in Scotland. The

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It remains to be seen if the destruction wrought by the Victorians continues to be the nadir for the fauna of Scotland. In addition to other difficulties the marine environment faces,

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Scotland's position on the western seaboard of Europe means that a variety of birds not normally found in the country visit from time to time. These include accidental visits by

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Welch, D.; Carss, D.N.; Gornall, J.; Manchester, S.J.; Marquiss, M.; Preston, C. D.; Telfer, M.G.; Arnold, H.R.; Holbrook, J. (2001). "An Audit of Alien Species in Scotland".

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have declined to around 7,000 pairs, possibly due to disturbance from the growing number of human visitors to their upland habitat. There are fewer than 100 breeding pairs of

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nest in Scotland, mostly in Orkney and Shetland, even though they did not arrive at all until the 18th century. Scotland is the breeding station for about 90% of the UK's

3914:. Edinburgh. It is theorised that because grey squirrels spend more time on the ground than the endangered reds, they are more apt to come in contact with this predator. 5958: 1869:. Scotland and Northern Ireland host all of the approximately 190,000 UK territories of the former. A recent survey suggest that raven numbers are increasing but that 8854: 3654: 1795:

for the winter, with further flocks wintering on other Scottish islands (e.g. Uists, Tiree, Colonsay) and many thousands wintering in Ireland. Tens of thousands of

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epidemic of the 1950s, which reduced their food supply. Numbers more than trebled between 1978 and 1998. At the other end of the population scale, a single pair of

6258: 2810:. The resources of the organisations concerned may be insufficient to the challenge, but the contrast with earlier attitudes about the environment is striking. In 4675: 3455:

Although no one denies that past forests were much larger, they disagree about the timing and causes of the reduction. Many writers, from the 16th century author

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live in Scottish rivers. Of the 42 species of fish found in the country's fresh waters, half have arrived by natural colonisation and half by human introduction.

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Scotland's seas are among the most biologically productive in the world; it is estimated that the total number of Scottish marine species exceeds 40,000. The

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in 1975. The bird spread successfully to various neighbouring islands, and 30 pairs were established by 2006. Despite fears expressed by local farmers, the

859:. Very much a hill-dwelling species in Scotland (and so typically smaller in stature than its European forest-loving cousins), it is generally replaced by 3797: 7533: 6762: 4803: 199: 3840: 1646:

breed in Scotland and are absent elsewhere in the British Isles. The former became extinct in Scotland in 1785 but was successfully reintroduced from

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as a winter roost in October and November as they do Loch Strathbeg and various lochs and reservoirs in Tayside and the Lothians. The amber-listed

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Call 999: an Emergency for Scotland's Biodiversity. Summary and Assessment for Scotland from the UK Biodiversity Action Plan 2005 Reporting Round

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are typically forest-dwelling birds in much of Europe, but in Scotland they are generally associated with mountains and sea coasts. In 2002 the

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Seventy-seven species of land snail and an estimated 14,000 species of insect live in Scotland, none of them "truly" endemic. These include

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In 2009 it was reported that the Scottish Government have decided to proceed with a controversial plan to relocate sparrowhawks found near

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Edwards, Rob (1 February 2009) "Bid to save pigeons from sparrowhawks provokes legal warning ... and complaint by Peacock". Glasgow.

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is a charity whose main role is as a guardian of wild land and wildlife, through the ownership of land and the promotion of education and

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few animals became extinct in Scotland, but the scale of the slaughter on hunting estates was staggering. Richard Perry records that on a

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or "even-toed ungulates", is still 400,000 strong, although its existence in the pure form is threatened by hybridisation with introduced

9031: 8904: 8035: 5742: 5602: 3509: 2948: 2627:. The species is otherwise extinct in Scotland and is also flightless, raising the question of how the colony arrived on the island. The 2144:. The latter may have been the first fish species to re-enter fresh waters when the last ice age ended, and about 200 populations exist. 3498:

Ratcliffe, D.A. (7 October 1998). Flow Country: The peatlands of Caithness and Sutherland (Report). Joint Nature Conservation Committee.

8663: 8126: 3114: 2986:, which specialises in native fauna). The Society is also involved in various conservation programs around Scotland and the world. The 5818: 1978:. More than 345 species of bird have been recorded on this island, which measures only 7.68 square kilometres (2.97 sq mi). 8884: 7631: 3346: 2987: 2839:

11 Foxes, 301 Stoats and Weasels, 78 House Cats, 1,431 Hooded or Carrion Crow, 3 Barn Owls, 8 Magpies and 7 "Orange-legged Falcons".

2654:, which are becoming rare in the rest of the UK, are moving north into Scotland in response to climate change. In June 2008 an adult 1370: 762: 133: 6018: 3965: 3872: 340:

are an important area of deep sea cold water coral reefs discovered in 1998. Inland, nearly 400 genetically distinct populations of

9059: 8879: 8511: 7377: 5478: 4765: 3588: 3375: 430:. About 14% of Scotland is wooded, much of it in forestry plantations, but before humans cleared the land it supported much larger 5175: 4930: 3430: 8817: 8006: 7528: 7450: 6755: 3296: 3104: 2085:

Of the 42 species of fish found in Scottish fresh waters, only half have arrived by natural colonisation. Native species include

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The RSPB stated: "it may take a custodial sentence before people engaged with this activity begin to take the matter seriously".

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Racey, P.A.; Raynor, R.; Pritchard, S. (2006). "A review of European Bat Lyssavirus (EBLV) and the status of bats in Scotland".

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In the past, this claim has been made on behalf of other species such as the red grouse (now considered to be a sub-species of

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from its very restricted range in south-western Scottish freshwaters in 1980. In the 1990s a successful attempt to reintroduce

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is affecting all forms of marine life and that the growth in off-shore tourism was deleterious to populations of, for example,

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at the peak of the breeding season, making it one of the largest seabird colonies in Britain. There are significant numbers of

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that has invaded the shores of Scotland and by 1998 had reached nearly as far north as Oban. One living specimen was found at

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Only nine of the sixteen or seventeen bat species found elsewhere in Britain are present in Scotland. Widespread species are

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is to provide a sanctuary and breeding station in order to protect the species. Exterminations of the population of feral

8975: 8601: 8405: 8301: 7977: 7723: 7156: 5762: 4949: 3661: 730:(see above) are endemic, but otherwise population distributions are similar to the rest of mainland Britain. Colonies of 6265: 4259:

Edwards, Rob (18 November 2007) "Famous Moray dolphins at risk as Whitehall fails to block oil and gas works". Glasgow.

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successfully re-colonised Scotland in the early 1950s. In 1899 they had bred at the ruined Loch an Eilean castle near

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great damage to bird species, especially the raptors, but natural variations in populations are complex. For example,

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is now almost extinct in Scotland with one or two birds singing each summer, but not breeding. Of the Columbidae the

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between 1837 and 1840 the following "vermin" were exterminated by keepers purely in the interests of preserving the

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result in the loss of up to 20% of summer working days in the forestry industry. Others of significance include the

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survey found a sudden and dramatic fall in winter numbers from 6,000 in 1998 to only 300 in 2006 in the counties of

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is the statutory body responsible for natural heritage management in Scotland. One of its duties is to establish

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is the only native member of the hare family and is the dominant species throughout most of upland Scotland. The

154: 6731: 3745: 2195:. It is estimated that the total number of Scottish marine species exceeds 40,000. This includes 250 species of 1294:

in 1904 to prevent its destruction "at the hands of ornithologists, egg-collectors, taxidermists and tourists".

8980: 8914: 8894: 8475: 8146: 7882: 7872: 7588: 7307: 7270: 7209: 7149: 6999: 4549: 3079: 1090:. Other mammals that used to inhabit Scotland but became extinct in the wild during historic times include the 847: 5929: 5898: 548:. It may have been introduced by early settlers about 4,000 years ago. There are various notable domesticated 8985: 8859: 8849: 8717: 8221: 8171: 8093: 7708: 7624: 7457: 7312: 7275: 4845: 4807: 3031: 488:, covering about 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi), are being considered as the first offshore SAC. 6165: 5843:

Ross, David (13 September 2007 ) "Rare species of burrowing bee has flourished in Outer Hebrides". Glasgow.

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is the most northerly in the world. As recent dramatic television coverage indicated, this species preys on

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in 1853, and the species has gained "almost mythical status" according to Butterfly Conservation Scotland.

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moth was discovered in Easter Ross. This find was only the fifth sighting since its discovery in the UK at

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promotes conservation of birds and other wildlife through the protection and re-creation of habitats. The

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Ross, John (21 February 2007). "Hedgehogs saved from the syringe as controversial Uist cull called off".

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Ross, John (12 May 2011) "Wildlife Groups agree £1m plan to wipe out American mink nuisance". Edinburgh.

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is a leading voluntary conservation organisation, working to protect Scotland's natural environment. The

2963: 2737: 851:, is one of the most notable images of Victorian Scotland. The species, a member of the biological order 173: 143: 6215:

Hardie, Alison (20 January 2007). "Dramatic decline in island common seal populations baffles experts".

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Although McCormick and Buckland (2003) state that a claim is made for the last wolf having been shot in

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Various public sector organisations have an important role in the stewardship of the country's fauna.

2785:", has a long history; the first recorded sighting allegedly took place in 565 AD. More recently, the 2635:) has recently lost its range elsewhere in Britain and is now it considered to be a Scottish endemic. 8685: 8680: 8362: 8030: 7845: 7498: 7260: 7124: 3305: 3023: 2924: 2643: 2296: 2179:, (a collective term for several species of calcified red seaweed, and an important marine habitat), 2049:

in the north-east and give only a flavour of the complexity and diversity of avian life in Scotland.

1402: 754: 65: 6651: 5637: 5443: 5063: 3316: 773:, where their introduction has caused declines in internationally important breeding populations of 8616: 8596: 8531: 8445: 8378: 8336: 8296: 8251: 8116: 8018: 7984: 7815: 7617: 7553: 7437: 7186: 7117: 6939: 5869: 5649:

Winfield, Ian J., Fletcher, Janice M., and James, Ben (2004) "Conservation ecology of the vendace (

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to co-ordinate and manage human activity at sea and to provide more protected areas such as marine

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agencies in the UK are concerned that climate change, especially its potential effects on mountain

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in historic times and human activity has also led to various species of wildlife being introduced.

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See for example Johnston, I. (29 November 2006) "Sea change as plankton head north'". Edinburgh.

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is an internationally renowned site for the observation of migrant birds. Rarities have included

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or urus died out in the subsequent two centuries, although the former's domesticated cousin, the

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Davies, Eilidh (3 June 2008) "Rare moth rescued from becoming a spider's next meal". Aberdeen.

4858: 4766:"RSPB Scotland Parliamentary Briefing: Debate on Scotland's Marine Environment – 20th March 08" 4431: 3876: 2979: 2394: 2128: 1990: 1967: 905:, the species having become extinct in Scotland after it was recorded as having been hunted in 719: 702:

are found in Scotland. This species faces threats that include competition from the introduced

316: 5599: 3513: 969:. No bats reside in the Shetland Islands; the only records there are of migrants or vagrants. 8653: 8568: 8540: 8516: 8356: 8281: 8216: 7996: 7947: 7800: 7788: 7462: 7191: 7172: 7103: 6818: 4333: 3059: 2952: 2913: 2869: 2628: 2595:, and the Bumblebee Conservation Trust recently created the world's first sanctuary for this 1971: 1607: 1086: 954: 703: 517: 356: 8450: 5146: 3261: 1811:

freshwater breeding strongholds in the British Isles are in the north and west of Scotland.

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Johnston, Ian (19 March 2007). "Scotland 'sliding towards the collapse of our ecosystem'".

5524: 3460: 2995: 2604: 2534: 2350: 2098: 1963: 1916:, although in winter they are joined by migrants from continental Europe. A nest site near 1828: 1804: 1730: 1710: 1690: 1675: 1639: 1421: 1335: 1155: 997: 958: 926: 835: 723: 348: 5209:

Ross, John (26 June 2007). "Habitat changes leave the twite living on a wing and prayer".

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Bronkhurst, Judith and Ormond, Richard (2004–12) "Landseer, Sir Edwin Henry (1802–1873)".

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According to Miles & Jackman (1991) p. 48 the 'timberman' is found only in Scotland.

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Smith, Claire (21 July 2007) "Butterflies are flitting here from the South." Edinburgh.

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Buckland, Paul C. and Sadler, Jon P. "Insects" in Edwards and Ralston (2003) pp. 105–08.

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have displayed a remarkable resilience, having recovered from human persecution and the

8658: 8521: 8388: 8161: 8156: 8098: 8011: 7835: 7758: 7743: 7488: 7110: 7024: 6855: 6023: 5550: 4927: 4769: 3629: 3434: 3074: 2885: 2690: 2453: 2419: 2403: 2236: 2168: 2074: 2065:

were exterminated by hunters and the draining of marshes in the 18th century. The last

1982: 1949: 1823:, and summer numbers of this red-listed species have recovered to over 1200 pairs. The 1808: 1514: 1390: 1354: 1307: 1271: 1263: 1255: 1239: 1228: 1179: 1146: 1025: 1009: 1001: 966: 930: 918: 894: 864: 852: 758: 660: 481: 320: 308: 273: 6137: 4575: 3417:'s concern that global warming will "kill billions" of people over the coming century. 3293: 2673:), a tiny flying gnat that is the scourge of summer visitors and residents alike. Its 212: 8749: 8702: 8497: 8460: 8455: 8440: 8420: 8246: 8151: 8141: 7850: 7825: 7520: 7342: 7197: 6964: 6785: 6618: 6604: 6586: 6572: 6558: 6534: 6520: 6506: 6492: 6478: 6464: 6450: 6436: 6422: 6408: 6394: 6380: 6090: 5670: 5568:

Johnston, I. (6 January 2007). "Escalating threat to the future of Scotland's seas".

5372: 5361: 5302: 4838:

Johnston, I. (6 January 2007). "Escalating threat to the future of Scotland's seas".

4272:

Haworth, Jenny (29 January 2009) "Campaigners win reprieve for dolphins". Edinburgh.

3813:

Haworth, Jenny (3 February 2009) "National cull may exterminate UK mink". Edinburgh.

3478: 3184: 3054: 2778: 2619: 2584: 2530: 2500: 2312: 2240: 2038: 1901: 1886: 1796: 1773:

since the 1970s, and about 100 pairs breed there. The majority of the roughly 25,000

1750: 1722: 1291: 1065: 934: 824: 766: 525: 434: 55: 6723: 5554: 5358:

The Summer Walkers: Travelling People and Pearl-fishers in the Highlands of Scotland

3277: 2760:

is a jet black, long-legged animal, and is probably the result of a modern wild cat/

2591:, where there are more than ten colonies. Scotland is also the UK stronghold of the 2304:

provided emergency protection and banned damaging fishing activity in the locality.

1251:

future. Forty species are red-listed, 121 are amber-listed and 86 are green-listed.

8807: 8553: 8548: 8485: 8351: 8211: 8112: 7092: 6950: 6924: 6433:

Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and History, 8000 BC - AD 1000

5540: 5532: 4880: 4087:

Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and History, 8000 BC – AD 1000

4037:

Ross, John (3 November 2007) "3,2,1 ... and then there were none". Edinburgh.

3702: 3247: 3224: 3044: 2764: 2686: 2647: 2587:

is a rare species of bee, the most significant British habitat for which is in the

2546: 2526: 2517: 2386: 2248: 2244: 2224: 2220: 2034: 2014: 1766: 1417: 1373:(RSPB) are in process of releasing up to 100 young eagles on the east coast in the 1323: 1013: 946: 616: 600: 584: 569: 431: 241: 4453: 8754: 8578: 8558: 8176: 8060: 7577: 7015: 6929: 6735: 6663: 6169: 5933: 5876: 5749: 5625: 5606: 5431: 4953: 4934: 4679: 4193: 3323: 3312: 3300: 3151: 2991: 2811: 2749: 2656: 2608: 2576: 2496: 2469: 2151: 2102: 2042: 1758: 1679: 1671: 1626:

and is the largest single rock gannetry in the world. The bird's scientific name

1623: 1565: 1534: 1530: 1522: 1510: 1506: 1471: 1467: 1212: 1175: 1138: 1045: 805: 786: 707: 608: 553: 341: 300: 106: 5988: 5424: 4186: 3940: 3556: 2714:

are home to about 50 colonies of the only native species of honeybee in Britain–

863:

in lower-lying land. Although found elsewhere in the UK, no wild populations of

8822: 8563: 7004: 6850: 6350: 5701: 4290: 3414: 2852: 2848: 2807: 2786: 2733: 2669: 2588: 2327: 2287: 2279: 2119: 1900:

exist as a fragmented population of 2,400 breeding pairs in remnant patches of

1800: 1784: 1714: 1667: 1643: 1619: 1595: 1498: 1459:

in Glasgow, Edinburgh, Kilmarnock, Stirling and Dumfries at a cost of £25,000.

1437: 1409: 1374: 1327: 993: 770: 739: 711: 477: 364: 5766: 5536: 4946: 2962:

Charitable and voluntary organisations also have important roles to play. The

2507:, found elsewhere in the UK are absent, and grass snakes are rarely reported. 2445: 1924:

since 1881. Scotland has 95% of the British breeding population of red-listed

9048: 8582: 8346: 8286: 8255: 8131: 7202: 7097: 6989: 6865: 6860: 5675: 5307: 3998:"Campaign to stop the slaughter of over 5000 Hedgehogs on the Island of Uist" 2975: 2940: 2359: 2339: 2331: 2271: 2204: 2123: 2107: 2070: 2062: 2030: 1998: 1994: 1762: 1599: 1491: 1456: 1331: 1279: 1275: 1199: 1130: 1091: 938: 801: 797: 782: 645: 624: 557: 504: 485: 337: 6740: 6114: 5041: 4001: 1843: 1541:

also has a large seabird population and is an important breeding ground for

1178:

to the wild in Scotland using Norwegian stock. The species was found in the

8341: 8291: 8236: 7805: 6037: 5787:

Carter, Stephen P. "Land Snails" in Edwards and Ralston, Ian (2003) p. 104.

4663:

Fraser Darling and Boyd (1969) p. 65 states that they bred until the 1960s.

3456: 2860: 2761: 2488: 2461: 2436: 2415: 2322: 2216: 2111: 2094: 2058: 2029:

in 1977. Birds are also presumed to have escaped from captivity, such as a

2018: 1913: 1874: 1866: 1858: 1774: 1754: 1706: 1663: 1655: 1378: 1319: 1302: 1103: 981: 809: 743: 699: 687: 561: 438: 352: 304: 284: 269: 260:

environments support 62 species of wild mammals, including a population of

8504: 5503: 4157:

Watson, Jeremy (12 October 2006). "Sea eagle spreads its wings ...".

2642:

are in decline in the UK, recent research suggests that some, such as the

2136:, the latter found in only two locations and under threat from introduced 1685: 1234: 976:

have been recorded in Scottish waters within the last 100 years including

753:

populations are generally similar to the rest of Britain. Recent steps by

8765: 6812: 6562: 6543: 3011: 2873: 2678: 2540: 2522: 2492: 2477: 2473: 2465: 2457: 2399: 2260: 2141: 2115: 2090: 2026: 2022: 2010: 1897: 1870: 1862: 1847: 1651: 1585: 1581: 1553: 1441: 1413: 1398: 1285:, which has adapted to perching on the rocks and cliffs of this treeless 1150: 1057: 1029: 1005: 989: 985: 750: 727: 672: 649: 604: 545: 533: 508: 497: 466: 462: 7141: 6321: 5545: 5123:. C. Michael Hogan, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed, N. Stromberg. Archived from 1365:

two years later. However, the species was reintroduced to the island of

607:, although the purity of the latter breed is threatened by a release of 7748: 6703: 2909: 2905: 2823: 2819: 2782: 2768: 2753: 2694: 2411: 2283: 2278:

discovered in 1988, are about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) deep in the

2275: 2252: 2232: 2212: 1959: 1937: 1909: 1742: 1726: 1659: 1592: 1549: 1433: 1216: 1134: 1081: 1073: 1020:

surveys "on hold" during 2009 pending further research. The introduced

1017: 890: 793: 596: 565: 529: 500: 458: 442: 416: 397: 379: 327: 288: 249: 6628: 6200:

Johnston, I. (19 November 2006). "Sea change as plankton head north".

4906: 8085: 6728: 5936:. Badenoch and Strathspey Conservation Group. Retrieved 10 June 2012. 3749: 3245:

is disputed, with many authorities considering it to be a synonym of

3019: 2983: 2917: 2835:

and for reasons apparently unconnected to grouse shooting, a further

2773: 2682: 2674: 2661: 2639: 2592: 2568: 2481: 2381: 2355: 2264: 2208: 2171:, although illegal harvesting has seriously affected their survival. 2066: 1955: 1933: 1893: 1832: 1820: 1788: 1746: 1615: 1603: 1542: 1525:, amounting to 24% of the world population, 49,000 breeding pairs of 1487: 1445: 1425: 1314:). Reintroduced to Scotland from Norway after an absence of 60 years. 1220: 1195: 1114: 1021: 856: 731: 668: 454: 446: 445:

woodlands can be found. Seventeen per cent of Scotland is covered by

427: 393: 375: 265: 257: 217: 7609: 4553: 2307: 1721:

in the UK spend their summers in Scotland as do all of the breeding

1537:

pairs, about 30% and 13% of the respective UK totals. The island of

627:

with numbers estimated at between 400 and 2,000 animals, and of the

8395: 8166: 7640: 7405: 5926: 5456: 3910:

Watson, Jeremy (30 December 2007) "Tufty's saviour to the rescue".

3798:"Remote island plan to help save Scottish wildcats from extinction" 3376:"Protecting and Promoting Scotland's Freshwater Fish and Fisheries" 2999: 2888:

to announce the likelihood of a new protective conservation order.

2881: 2865: 2856: 2851:

is a challenge facing all of Scotland's habitats. Among the birds,

2707: 2228: 2188: 2002: 1986: 1917: 1882: 1718: 1573: 1561: 1538: 1429: 1394: 1382: 1362: 1286: 1224: 1202:

as part of a wilderness reserve, the first of its kind in Britain.

1187: 1126: 1064:

animals that are no longer extant occupied Scotland, including the

898: 860: 839: 808:

are both present, the latter having been brought to Britain by the

735: 664: 512: 450: 441:

forests. Although much reduced, significant remnants of the native

404: 400: 389: 324: 296: 280: 261: 253: 6713: 6683: 6678: 5517:

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

4692:

Ross, John (29 December 2006). "Mass slaughter of the red kites".

4357: 4355: 3571:

People and nature. A new approach to SSSI designations in Scotland

2728: 1835:

is confined to the north and west coasts of Scotland and Ireland.

641: 6162: 4371: 3537:

Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Retrieved 29 September 2018.

2951:

includes Britain's largest body of fresh water, the mountains of

2806:

Conservation of the natural environment is well-developed in the

2790: 2771:

wild cat. In earlier times it may have spawned the legend of the

2407: 2370:

Pollution and predation led to the extinction of both species of

2256: 1824: 1738: 1734: 1502: 1339: 1118: 1077: 1069: 973: 942: 868: 653: 628: 612: 412: 408: 360: 330: 6567:

Peterson, Roger Tory; Mountfort, Guy; and Hollom, P.A.D. (1993)

2294:

corals and support significant populations of the single-celled

1877:

numbers were essentially static. Concentrated on the islands of

812:

but not becoming widespread in Scotland until the 19th century.

580: 8492: 7066: 7046: 6803: 6698: 4352: 3472: 3015: 3003: 2956: 2877: 2430: 2200: 2180: 2046: 1921: 1749:

provide for a remarkable variety of waders and ducks including

1702: 1647: 1557: 1449: 1267: 1142: 1106: 1061: 1040: 906: 778: 541: 424: 312: 245: 237: 6548:

The Islands of Western Scotland: the Inner and Outer Hebrides.

6324:. Cairngorms National Park Authority. Retrieved 30 April 2012. 3130:

Royal Society for the Protection of Birds reserves in Scotland

1366: 1186:

initially rejected the idea, a trial commenced in May 2009 in

820: 6895: 6300: 5915:

Northern February red status "Northern February red stonefly"

5510:(Crustacea: Thalassinidea) in Clyde Sea maerl beds, Scotland" 5434:. North East Scotland Biodiversity. Retrieved 20 April 2012. 5410:"Police crack down on illegal 'ransacking' of mussel sites". 4196:

Shetland Biological Records Centre. Retrieved 10 August 2008.

2900: 2831:

11 Hobbys, 6 Gyrfalcons, 5 Marsh Harriers, 3 Honey Buzzards,

2757: 2596: 2176: 2137: 2133: 1925: 1905: 1878: 1792: 1482: 1350: 1343: 1122: 1110: 882: 872: 774: 722:'s range is limited to the southern part of the country. The 599:) in Scotland is typical of Britain as a whole save that the 532:

that reaches twice the size of its mainland cousins, and the

469:

in the United Kingdom. There are more than 30,000 freshwater

420: 4171: 3619:"Offshore" in this context means not incorporating any land. 2998:. The trust owns and manages estates in locations including 2667:

The most well-known invertebrate may be a species of midge (

2617:

is endemic to the Hebrides. In 2010, a colony of the beetle

1952:

birds that have wandered far from their normal habitations.

1904:

and in some larger plantations such as the Culbin Forest in

1231:. Since then they have spread throughout the British Isles. 6980: 6876: 6841: 3573:. The Scottish Office, Edinburgh. Retrieved 2 January 2007. 3007: 2974:

is a learned society and registered charity that maintains

2699: 2624: 2600: 2564: 2449: 2362:, and earlier records showed findings of gastropod shells. 2196: 2086: 1929: 1577: 1569: 1358: 875: 842: 470: 292: 291:

live here, and the country has internationally significant

225: 6693: 6688: 6668: 5733:

published by Scottish Environment Link also in March 2007.

4085:

in Edwards, Kevin J. & Ralston, Ian B.M. (Eds) (2003)

3014:

in the United States, which also celebrates the legacy of

2472:, found in only four locations in the south-west, and the 2045:

in 1989. These records are but a small selection from two

1650:

stock in 1837. There are significant populations of other

1521:, is a seabird haven of great significance. It has 60,000 603:

is absent and that Scotland is the UK's stronghold of the

6673: 3510:"North Highland: Peatlands of Caithness & Sutherland" 3026:

is a charity that aims to restore a "wild forest" in the

2793:

washed ashore in the Orkney islands in the 19th century.

2745: 2572: 2560: 2556: 1819:

Considerable efforts have been taken to conserve the shy

1529:, up to 90% of the European population, 136,000 pairs of 461:

have one of the world's largest and most intact areas of

5870:"World's first bumblebee sanctuary created in Scotland." 5444:"Marine Scotland survey uncovers 'huge' flame shell bed" 4956:

UK Biodiversity Action Plan. Retrieved 8 September 2008.

3971:. Scottish Natural Heritage. August 2004. Archived from 796:

only hares and rabbits are represented in Scotland. The

6704:

Loch Lomond & The Trossachs National Park Authority

6597:

A History of the Native Woodlands of Scotland 1500–1920

6503:

Island on the Edge of the World: the Story of St. Kilda

6431:

Edwards, Kevin J. & Ralston, Ian B.M. (Eds) (2003)

678: 6708: 6333: 5899:"Beetle mania as 'extinct' insect found on Scots isle" 4947:"Species Action Plan: Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus)" 4480:"Plan to trap River Tay beavers reversed by ministers" 4430:. Royal Zoological Society of Scotland. Archived from 2697:

provided the earliest known record of the human flea,

667:, or earless seals, are represented. Two species, the 5961:(pdf) Butterfly Conservation. Retrieved 21 July 2007. 5446:. (27 December 2012) BBC. Retrieved 27 December 2012. 3939:. Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Archived from 3934:"Developing a mammal monitoring programme for the UK" 3315:

Retrieved 7 July 2009. See also Myers, Norman (2003)

3231:), also now considered to be a sub-species of stoat. 2575:

and a single beetle (the reed beetle) and snail (the

2476:. A single alien amphibian is known in Scotland, the 2456:, of which fewer than 1,000 individuals survive; the 2448:

to Scotland. The amphibians include three species of

2316:, a mud lobster commonly found in Scottish maerl beds 2191:

beds, and distinctive species like the tall sea pen,

1981:

Elsewhere, other rarities reported in 2006 include a

1765:

breed on a small number of lochs in Highland region.

1545:, with 9,514 pairs, 6.3% of the European population. 392:

enjoys diverse temperate environments, incorporating

5609:. The Scottish Government. Retrieved 10 August 2007. 4089:. Edinburgh. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 83–103. 3290:

Conservation of Endangered Freshwater Fish in Europe

2872:

Sea Mammal Research Unit. An analysis suggests that

2346:

was subsequently passed by the Scottish Parliament.

1633: 1094:, which lived in Britain until 1,500 years ago, the 937:. Those with a more restricted distribution are the 6595:Smout, T.C. MacDonald, R. and Watson, Fiona (2007) 5504:J. M. Hall-Spencer & R. J. A. Atkinson (1999). 2282:, about 185 kilometres (115 mi) north-west of 2013:. Accidentals recorded in earlier years include an 1318:All but a few pairs of Britain's approximately 600 3473:Preston, C.D.; Pearman, D.A.; Dines, T.D. (2002). 2884:fell by 40% from 2001 to 2006, prompting the then 2796: 1322:are found in Scotland as are most of the breeding 1035: 871:exist in Scotland. It has isolated populations of 3317:"Conservation of Biodiversity: How are We Doing?" 1733:, (although the latter two species also breed in 1432:are widely distributed in Scotland, although the 1408:Other raptor species found in the UK such as the 1109:but died out in the 9th or 10th century, and the 9046: 6585:. Grantown-on-Spey. Colin Baxter Island Guides. 6019:"Colonsay and Oronsay to become honeybee havens" 5653:) in Bassenthwaite Lake and Derwent Water U.K." 1831:is largely absent, but in the British Isles the 1556:, the majority of which make use of colonies in 507:has only two-thirds of the species that reached 496:Scotland was entirely covered in ice during the 6461:Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Ireland 4552:. British Trust for Ornithology. Archived from 4000:. Epping Forest Hedgehog Rescue. Archived from 3286:"Threatened freshwater fishes of Great Britain" 2444:Only six amphibians and four land reptiles are 2425: 1717:are absent, but most of the 100 or so pairs of 1588:, 40% of the global population of the species. 1401:until 1908. In 1952 they claimed a new site at 1262:, which inhabits the coniferous forests of the 347:Only six amphibians and four land reptiles are 3425: 3423: 1865:was recognised as a separate species from the 1182:until the 15th century, and although the then 367:life, threaten much of the fauna of Scotland. 8781: 7625: 7157: 6770: 6756: 6447:Natural History in the Highlands and Islands. 6172:theangloscot.co.uk. Retrieved 10 August 2008. 5743:"Protected species - Amphibians and reptiles" 4806:. National Trust for Scotland. Archived from 4174:Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report 3205:Fraser Darling and Boyd (1969) pp. 7, 98–102. 3155:Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report 2895: 2101:. Scottish rivers support one of the largest 1678:is less so. A small colony of the introduced 1227:times their breeding range was restricted to 615:. Scotland hosts the only populations of the 193: 6229:"The capercaillie conundrum" (October 2007) 5927:"Poor Planning Threatens Northern Damselfly" 5227:. Fair Isle Bird Observatory. Archived from 4647: 3748:Scottish Wildcat Association. Archived from 3649: 3647: 3120:List of moths of Great Britain (Geometridae) 2510: 1777:in the British Isles winter in Scotland and 1149:also possessed an endemic subspecies of the 6445:Fraser Darling, F. & Boyd, J.M. (1969) 6264:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from 6248:Scottish Government. Retrieved 9 July 2012. 5821:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from 5700:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from 5332:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from 5174:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from 4937:Trees for Life. Retrieved 8 September 2008. 4508:. Scottish Wildlife Trust. 28 November 2017 4212:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from 3875:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from 3846:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from 3746:"Scotland's Cat; 400 and counting ..." 3701:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from 3660:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from 3594:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from 3555:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from 3512:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from 3433:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from 3420: 3183:. Scottish Natural Heritage. Archived from 2949:Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park 2126:. Rarer native species include the endemic 244:, although several of the country's larger 8795: 8788: 8774: 7632: 7618: 7164: 7150: 6763: 6749: 6336:John Muir Trust. Retrieved 3 January 2007. 5795: 5793: 4733:Gooders (1994) pp. 84, 88, 89, 92, 179–82. 4576:"Birds of conservation concern: 2002–2007" 4472: 3923:Corbet and Ovenden (1984) pp. 152, 167–68. 3147: 3145: 3115:List of moths of Great Britain (Arctiidae) 2199:, the most numerous inshore variety being 1769:have colonised an area centred around the 1028:, is confined to a colony on an island in 200: 186: 7171: 6689:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 6435:. Edinburgh. Edinburgh University Press. 6403:Corbet, Gordon and Ovenden, Denys (1984) 5959:"The state of Britain's butterflies 2007" 5698:"Publications: Amphibians & Reptiles" 5671:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" 5576: 5544: 5303:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" 4506:"Beaver population increased in Knapdale" 4410:"Down to beaver business". (August 2008) 4152: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4081:MacCormick, Finbar and Buckland, Paul C. 3644: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3497: 3370: 3368: 3349:. The Scottish Government. Archived from 2988:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 2334:. A call was made for a 'Scottish Marine 2203:, and deeper water creatures such as the 1371:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 763:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 595:The representation of the weasel family ( 6246:"Code of Practice on Non-Native Species" 6199: 6163:"The Strange Case of the Stronsay Beast" 5722: 5567: 4837: 4796: 4643: 4641: 4286: 4284: 4282: 3475:New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora 3341: 3339: 3175: 3173: 2899: 2727: 2539: 2429: 2306: 2146: 1928:, about 64,000 pairs. However, a recent 1842: 1684: 1497:Scotland's seas host almost half of the 1481: 1466: 1389:After an absence of nearly 40 years the 1301: 1233: 1039: 819: 682: 579: 374: 211: 9012:Endangered species of the British Isles 6724:Introduction To Britain's Lost Wildwood 6084: 5879:Wildlife Extra. Retrieved 29 July 2008. 5837: 5790: 4550:"Populations Status of Birds in the UK" 4100:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4077: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4069: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3306:"Priority species in Scotland: animals" 3142: 3105:List of fauna of the Scottish Highlands 2365: 2251:. Scottish waters contain around 2,500 2080: 1814: 9047: 6214: 4706:Fraser Darling and Boyd (1969) p. 274. 4156: 4141: 3576: 3365: 3288:in Kirchofer, A. and Hefti, D. (1996) 2748:are rumoured to exist, including the ' 1737:). In summer the shallow lochs of the 1606:, Atlantic puffin, razorbill, fulmar, 1198:has expressed a desire to reintroduce 236:is generally typical of the northwest 8769: 7639: 7613: 7145: 6744: 6617:. Newton Abbot. David & Charles. 6303:. Scotland's National Nature Reserves 5459:. Joint Nature Conservation Committee 5391:. Joint Nature Conservation Committee 5016:The Outer Hebrides Handbook and Guide 4974:Gooders (1994) pp. 97, 102, 103, 106. 4638: 4401:Fraser Darling and Boyd (1969) p. 63. 4383:Corbet and Ovenden (1984) pp. 275–79. 4279: 3726:Corbet and Ovenden (1984) pp. 180–86. 3589:"Knowledge of the Marine Environment" 3569:Quoting the Scottish Office. (1998). 3336: 3170: 2499:, which is a legless lizard, and the 1885:, about 80 of Britain's 400 pairs of 1580:. Scotland also hosts 1,000 pairs of 1113:, which lasted until about 1300. The 544:archipelago, is a sub-species of the 9017:Endemic species of the British Isles 7958:Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland 7594: 6679:Royal Zoological Society of Scotland 6533:. Lanark. Colin Baxter Photography. 5628:(pdf) SNH. Retrieved 10 August 2007. 5481:. Scottish Executive. Archived from 5457:"Biogenic reefs - cold water corals" 5355: 5208: 5040:. Montrose Basin LNR. Archived from 5018:. Machynlleth. Kittiwake. pp. 86–90. 4691: 4361:Fraser Darling and Boyd (1969) p. 64 4066: 4022: 3926: 3540: 3378:. Scottish Executive. Archived from 3110:Lists of insects recorded in Britain 2972:Royal Zoological Society of Scotland 1568:breed on Scottish islands including 1505:including about half of the world's 1405:. There are now 150 breeding pairs. 1174:have successfully re-introduced the 1164:Royal Zoological Society of Scotland 679:Rodents, insectivores and lagomorphs 9032:Birds of Leicestershire and Rutland 6684:Scotland's National Nature Reserves 6669:Joint Nature Conservation Committee 6550:London. Eyre Methuen. SBN 413303802 6135: 5676:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 5586:(L., 1758) (Mollusca: Gastropoda). 5308:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 4793:Benvie (2004) pp. 116, 121, 132–34. 4454:"Beavers return after 400-year gap" 3161: 2480:, a recent escapee confined to the 1674:are well-distributed, although the 1591:In excess of 130,000 birds inhabit 1564:. A similar percentage of the UK's 1145:is now only an occasional vagrant. 1102:, which was taken to entertain the 635:a larger race than the more common 13: 6699:Cairngorms National Park Authority 5917:. Buglife. Retrieved 10 June 2012. 5638:"Ice Age fish thrives in new home" 4334:"Extinct Island Pig Spotted Again" 3901:(November 2008) No. 66. Edinburgh. 3553:"Trends: The Seas around Scotland" 3292:. Basel. Birkhauser.) or mammals ( 3125:National nature reserve (Scotland) 3100:List of extinct animals of Britain 2274:, an important area of cold water 1920:is thought to have been in use by 698:Seventy-five per cent of the UK's 14: 9081: 8384:Scottish Qualifications Authority 8121:Office of the Accountant of Court 8046:Member of the Scottish Parliament 7244:fossiliferous stratigraphic units 6645: 6529:Miles, H. and Jackman, B. (1991) 6405:The Mammals of Britain and Europe 5860:No. 68. Grantham. Woodland Trust. 5856:"The bee's knees". (Spring 2007) 5808:Miles & Jackman (1991) p. 47. 5765:. Thomson ecology. Archived from 3628:Save for the Atlantic outlier of 2525:first found in the UK in 2000 at 2259:and in 2012 a bed of 100 million 1634:Game birds, waders and water fowl 1622:hosts upwards of 40,000 pairs of 1361:, and the last adult was shot in 1283:Troglodytes troglodytes hirtensis 351:to Scotland, but many species of 272:and the most northerly colony of 7593: 7584: 7583: 7571: 6615:Harris and Lewis, Outer Hebrides 6349:. Trees for Life. Archived from 6339: 6334:"Welcome to the John Muir Trust" 6327: 6315: 6293: 6283: 6251: 6239: 6223: 6208: 6193: 6184: 6175: 6155: 6129: 6111:"Kellas Cat (Melanistic hybrid)" 6103: 6078: 6052: 6030: 6012: 6003: 5987:. Trees for Life. Archived from 5977: 5964: 5952: 5939: 5920: 5908: 5891: 5882: 5863: 5850: 5811: 5802: 5781: 5755: 5736: 5716: 5690: 5663: 5643: 5631: 5612: 5593: 5561: 5497: 5471: 5449: 5437: 5418: 5403: 5389:"Invertebrate species: molluscs" 5381: 5348: 5322: 5295: 5286: 5277: 5268: 5252: 5243: 5217: 5202: 5193: 5161: 5139: 5109: 5100: 5078: 5056: 5030: 5021: 5008: 4995: 4986: 4977: 4968: 4959: 4940: 4921: 4899: 4873: 4851: 4682:. RSPB. Retrieved 30 April 2012. 4293:Scottish Natural Heritage Review 2723: 2286:in the north-east corner of the 912: 307:has become a national icon, and 38: 9060:Nature conservation in Scotland 6719:Butterfly Conservation Scotland 5752:. SNH. Retrieved 20 April 2012. 5283:Cook (1992) pp. 85, 41, 45, 80. 4928:"Species Profile: Capercaillie" 4887:. British Trust for Ornithology 4831: 4822: 4787: 4758: 4745: 4736: 4727: 4718: 4709: 4700: 4685: 4666: 4657: 4652:. Enfield: Guinness Publishing. 4629: 4626:Brown (1989) pp. 175, 176, 187. 4620: 4611: 4608:Miles and Jackman (1991) p. 21. 4602: 4593: 4568: 4542: 4529: 4520: 4498: 4446: 4420: 4404: 4395: 4386: 4377: 4364: 4326: 4317: 4308: 4299: 4266: 4253: 4244: 4237:"Adopt a Natural Born Killer". 4231: 4199: 4180: 4165: 4132: 4123: 4114: 4105: 4092: 4044: 4031: 4016: 3990: 3966:"Uist Wader Project Newsletter" 3958: 3917: 3904: 3891: 3865: 3833: 3820: 3807: 3800:. (23 September 2013) Glasgow. 3791: 3782: 3773: 3764: 3738: 3729: 3720: 3688: 3679: 3635: 3622: 3613: 3528: 3502: 3491: 3466: 3459:to the 20th century naturalist 3449: 3403: 3400:Miles and Jackman (1991) p. 48. 3394: 3347:"Inshore Fisheries in Scotland" 2797:Nature conservation in Scotland 2464:. The other amphibians are the 1548:Sixty per cent of all breeding 1036:Extinctions and reintroductions 815: 6368: 6113:. Paws On-Line. Archived from 5479:"Protection for Darwin Mounds" 4635:Gooders (1994) pp. 85, 86, 94. 3804:. Retrieved 25 September 2013. 3269: 3254: 3217: 3208: 3199: 2629:northern February red stonefly 2603:Vane Farm Nature Reserve near 2069:seen in Britain was killed on 2052: 1: 8900:Orthoptera and allied insects 6515:Matthews, L. Harrison (1968) 6473:Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004) 6190:Benvie (2004) pp. 19, 30, 34. 4846:British Trust for Ornithology 3136: 2801: 2777:or "Fairy Cat". The fabulous 2693:. The archaeological site at 2263:was found during a survey of 1838: 1584:and 21,000 breeding pairs of 889:), such as the herd of 1,000 734:remain only on the island of 575: 93:Special Areas of Conservation 7734:Colonisation of the Americas 6729:Scottish Wildcat Association 6657:Forestry Commission Scotland 6557:. London. Lindsay Drummond. 6419:The Birds of Moray and Nairn 6040:. The Scottish Big Cat Trust 5292:Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 325. 5249:Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 410. 5106:Gooders (1994) pp. 171, 175. 4650:The Guinness Book of Records 3431:"Scottish wildlife habitats" 3070:Nature of the Outer Hebrides 2982:(a safari park and zoo near 2426:Amphibians and land reptiles 2231:. There are four species of 1172:Forestry Commission Scotland 522:Apodemus sylvaticus hirtensi 7: 9065:Natural history of Scotland 9027:Flora and fauna of Cornwall 8880:Damselflies and dragonflies 6569:Birds of Britain and Europe 6421:. Edinburgh: Mercat Press. 6027:. Retrieved 7 October 2013. 5640:BBC. Retrieved 16 May 2008. 5274:Cook (1992) pp. 37, 39, 57. 3770:Matthews (1968) pp. 231–32. 3477:. Oxford University Press. 3260:Adams, William Mark (2003) 3085:List of British butterflies 3037: 2964:National Trust for Scotland 2623:was found on the island of 1943: 1509:and a third of the world's 1462: 1274:has a unique subspecies of 1205: 1046:European or Eurasian beaver 663:, among the seals only the 538:Microtus arvalis orcadensis 370: 224:) feeding a pup, island of 10: 9086: 8406:Inventions and discoveries 8109:Supreme Courts of Scotland 6601:Edinburgh University Press 6571:. Glasgow. HarperCollins. 6290:Reserve: Appendix 1". SNH. 5897:Ross, John (16 July 2010) 5225:"Common and Rare Migrants" 5169:"National Heritage Trends" 5119:Hooded Crow: Corvus cornix 4992:Gooders (1994) pp. 113–44. 4983:Gooders (1994) pp. 104–05. 4965:Gooders (1994) pp. 98–101. 4724:Brown (1989) pp. 104, 115. 4673:"East Scotland Sea Eagles" 4648:McFarlan, D., ed. (1991). 4428:"Bringing back the Beaver" 4102:. Oxford University Press. 3655:"National Heritage Trends" 3294:"The British Mammals list" 3075:List of British amphibians 2933:Forestry and Land Scotland 2896:Conservation organisations 2344:Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 2077:archipelago in July 1840. 2073:, a rocky pinnacle in the 1873:had declined by 59% while 1436:is confined to the south. 1297: 1100:Ursus arctos caledoniensis 491: 476:Under the auspices of the 16:Animals living in Scotland 9004: 8968: 8941: 8923: 8855:Aquatic heteropteran bugs 8838: 8831: 8803: 8734: 8681:Scottish Episcopal Church 8629: 8577: 8539: 8530: 8363:Curriculum for Excellence 8327: 8323: 8314: 8202: 8193: 8084: 7933: 7924: 7915: 7796: 7787: 7659: 7648: 7567: 7546: 7519: 7481: 7436: 7429: 7393: 7321: 7179: 7125:Syringammina fragilissima 7085: 7064: 7044: 7037: 7013: 6978: 6948: 6915: 6908: 6874: 6839: 6801: 6794: 6776: 6771:Endemic biota of Scotland 6734:17 September 2012 at the 6652:Scottish Natural Heritage 6613:Thompson, Francis (1968) 6531:The Great Wood of Caledon 6168:14 September 2008 at the 5905:. Retrieved 19 July 2010. 5537:10.1017/S0025315498001039 5014:Perrot, D. et al. (1995) 4909:. Scottish Seabird Centre 4885:[Linnaeus, 1758]" 4828:Benvie (2004) pp. 128–38. 4392:Maclean (1972) pp. 21–22. 4305:Murray (1973) pp. 55, 71. 4239:The International Harpoon 4120:Quine (2000) pp. 30, 199. 4111:Benvie (2004) pp. 14, 44. 3229:Mustela erminea hibernica 2925:Scottish Natural Heritage 2644:pearl-bordered fritillary 2638:Although many species of 2577:round-mouthed whorl snail 2511:Terrestrial invertebrates 2487:The reptiles include the 2297:Syringammina fragilissima 2193:Funiculina quadrangularis 1783:About half of the 80,000 1682:exists in the southwest. 1630:, derives from the rock. 755:Scottish Natural Heritage 473:and 6,600 river systems. 8117:High Court of Justiciary 7118:Lopheliella rockallensis 6662:17 December 2010 at the 6505:. Edinburgh. Canongate. 6501:MacLean, Charles (1972) 6477:. Edinburgh. Canongate. 6259:"SNH Annual Review 2006" 5624:17 December 2008 at the 5005:(1993) Maps 152 and 157. 4192:22 November 2008 at the 3095:List of British reptiles 3010:. It has links with the 2945:Cairngorms National Park 2929:national nature reserves 2864:already being affected. 2717:Apis mellifera mellifera 2529:nature reserve, and the 1771:Cairngorms National Park 139:National nature reserves 33:Biodiversity of Scotland 8910:Soldierflies and allies 8691:Free Church of Scotland 7978:International relations 6694:Scottish Seabird Centre 6674:Scottish Wildlife Trust 6553:Perry, Richard (1948). 6379:. London. Aurum Press. 6181:Perry (1948) pp. 54–55. 6142:University College Cork 6087:My Highland Kellas Cats 5985:"Highland biting midge" 5875:6 November 2009 at the 5605:20 January 2012 at the 5430:8 February 2007 at the 5414:. Glasgow. 26 May 2010. 4952:27 October 2007 at the 3788:Hull (2007) pp. 184–89. 3632:. Maclean (1972) p. 20. 3311:9 November 2016 at the 3167:Matthews (1968) p. 254. 3090:List of British mammals 2968:Scottish Wildlife Trust 2321:fish stocks, including 2164:freshwater pearl mussel 2007:buff-breasted sandpiper 1612:great black-backed gull 1168:Scottish Wildlife Trust 1162:A joint project of the 1125:, lasted until 1930 in 963:greater mouse-eared bat 953:. Absences include the 951:Nathusius's pipistrelle 903:Cairngorm National Park 897:. Since 1952 a herd of 829:Cervus elaphus scoticus 264:, important numbers of 114:Scottish Wildlife Trust 9070:Fauna of Great Britain 8797:Fauna of Great Britain 8272:Royal Bank of Scotland 7968:Great Seal of Scotland 6491:. Edinburgh. Birlinn. 6463:. London. Kingfisher. 6393:. London. Bloomsbury. 6038:"The Scottish Wildcat" 5360:. Edinburgh: Birlinn. 5064:"Black-throated Diver" 4768:. RSPB. Archived from 4678:4 January 2014 at the 4187:"Shetland Bat Records" 2980:Highland Wildlife Park 2920: 2841: 2833: 2781:, possibly a form of " 2741: 2670:Culicoides impunctatus 2551: 2441: 2402:species that could be 2395:Salvelinus inframundus 2317: 2159: 2129:Salvelinus killinensis 1991:black-browed albatross 1968:white-throated sparrow 1855: 1698: 1494: 1479: 1355:white-tailed sea eagle 1353:stole the last native 1346:are generally absent. 1315: 1308:white-tailed sea eagle 1247: 1053: 972:Twenty-one species of 832: 695: 659:Other than occasional 592: 550:Scottish mammal breeds 386: 229: 8569:British Sign Language 8036:Members of Parliament 7963:Deputy First Minister 7801:Anglo-Scottish border 7769:Industrial Revolution 7363:National scenic areas 7173:Geography of Scotland 7104:Hippasteria phrygiana 6995:Perthshire beard-moss 6830:St. Kilda house mouse 6825:St. Kilda field mouse 6819:Sorex araneus grantii 6581:Quine, David (2000). 6555:In The High Grampians 6417:Cook, Martin (1992). 6391:British Birds of Prey 6389:Brown, Leslie (1989) 6138:"The Life of Columba" 6060:"The Beast of Buchan" 5888:Thompson (1968) p. 21 5748:27 April 2012 at the 5425:"Turtles in Scotland" 5027:Gooders (1994) p. 51. 4933:18 April 2009 at the 4715:Benvie (2004) p. 102. 4617:Maclean (1972) p. 21. 4526:Gooders (1994) p. 35. 4314:Murray (1973) p. 114. 4250:Benvie (2004) p. 112. 3685:Benvie (2004) p. 645. 3413:. This report quotes 3278:"Scottish Crossbill: 3080:List of British birds 3060:Geography of Scotland 3006:, and on the isle of 2955:and the sea lochs of 2914:Sgor an Lochain Uaine 2903: 2870:St Andrews University 2837: 2828: 2731: 2681:, black pine beetle, 2543: 2433: 2310: 2150: 1972:yellow-rumped warbler 1846: 1688: 1485: 1470: 1305: 1237: 1087:Megaloceros giganteus 1043: 978:Cuvier's beaked whale 909:in the 12th century. 823: 686: 633:Vulpes vulpes vulpes, 583: 518:St. Kilda field mouse 378: 283:birds, including the 215: 155:National Scenic Areas 134:Local nature reserves 8512:World Heritage Sites 7709:Wars of Independence 7534:in the United States 7378:World Heritage Sites 7005:Scottish thread-moss 6519:London. Bloomsbury. 6475:The Scottish Islands 6449:London. Bloomsbury. 6407:. Glasgow. Collins. 6375:Benvie, Neil (2004) 6085:Francis, Di (1993). 5932:3 April 2012 at the 5584:Calyptraea chinensis 5199:Benvie (2004) p. 79. 4859:"Fowlsheugh Reserve" 4742:Benvie (2004) p. 70. 4599:Benvie (2004) p. 55. 4129:Benvie (2004) p. 36. 4083:The Vertebrate Fauna 3978:on 22 September 2006 3779:Benvie (2004) p. 18. 3752:on 17 September 2012 3735:Benvie (2004) p. 48. 3641:Murray (1973) p. 72. 3461:Frank Fraser Darling 3328:The Environmentalist 3322:16 July 2011 at the 3299:28 July 2011 at the 3214:Benvie (1994) p. 12. 2939:The country has two 2844:the entire country. 2789:was an unidentified 2744:A variety of exotic 2738:Sir Alexander Gibson 2410:, has been found in 2366:Riverine extinctions 2351:Calyptraea chinensis 2081:Fish life in the sea 2037:in 1976 and 1979, a 2021:in the same year, a 1964:thick-billed warbler 1815:Other non-passerines 1809:red-throated diver's 1731:red-necked phalarope 1711:little ringed plover 1676:red-legged partridge 1640:western capercaillie 1527:Leach's storm petrel 1312:Haliaeetus albicilla 1156:Mus musculus muralis 1008:colony of about 100 959:lesser horseshoe bat 927:brown long-eared bat 923:soprano pipistrelles 279:Many populations of 8933:Non-marine molluscs 8302:International trade 7856:Mountains and hills 7764:Highland Clearances 7739:Glorious Revolution 7704:Davidian Revolution 7652:Outline of Scotland 7578:Scotland portal 7276:Mountains and hills 7056:White script lichen 7000:Scottish beard-moss 6990:Dixon's thread-moss 6940:St. Kilda dandelion 6917:Flowers & ferns 6487:Hull, Robin (2007) 6459:Gooders, J. (1994) 6377:Scotland's Wildlife 6161:Simpson, Yvonne A. 5825:on 31 December 2006 5729:The article quotes 5704:on 1 September 2009 5655:Ann. Zool. Fennici. 5529:1999JMBUK..79..871H 5127:on 26 November 2010 4323:Hull (2007) p. 240. 4219:on 25 February 2012 3946:on 4 September 2012 3853:on 13 December 2007 3667:on 15 December 2007 3516:on 28 November 2005 3437:on 22 December 2006 3242:Coregonus vandesius 3227:) and Irish stoat ( 3187:on 30 December 2006 3065:Geology of Scotland 3050:Climate of Scotland 3028:Northwest Highlands 2593:Blaeberry bumblebee 2377:Coregonus vandesius 2302:European Commission 1976:collared flycatcher 1519:World Heritage Site 1452:from 1967 to 1975. 1349:In 1916 an English 1246:, and seabird haven 1244:World Heritage Site 1184:Scottish Government 1096:European brown bear 1084:and the giant deer 1010:bottlenose dolphins 867:and no or very few 848:Monarch of the Glen 716:yellow-necked mouse 309:white-tailed eagles 274:bottlenose dolphins 8818:Scottish Highlands 8659:Church of Scotland 8451:Royal National Mòd 8389:Education Scotland 8162:Scots property law 8157:College of Justice 8066:Secretary of State 7888:Biosphere reserves 7759:Lowland Clearances 7744:1707 Acts of Union 7529:In other countries 7383:Conservation areas 7111:Jamesiella scotica 7025:Northern prongwort 6960:Arran service tree 6935:Shetland mouse-ear 6925:Newman's lady-fern 6856:Scottish crossbill 6066:. 24 December 2006 6024:Scotland on Sunday 5769:on 19 January 2011 5265:. London: BB 2000. 5181:on 19 October 2007 4844:The report quotes 4775:on 15 October 2012 4556:on 6 December 2006 4434:on 29 January 2011 4340:. 17 November 2006 4207:"Trends - The Sea" 4159:Scotland on Sunday 4138:Hull (2007 p. 268. 3912:Scotland on Sunday 3708:on 26 October 2007 3535:"SACs in Scotland" 3032:Grampian Mountains 2921: 2886:Scottish Executive 2742: 2691:long-horned beetle 2633:Brachyptera putata 2552: 2442: 2420:Scottish Highlands 2318: 2160: 1983:white-billed diver 1889:nest in Scotland. 1856: 1701:Among the waders, 1699: 1495: 1480: 1338:although found in 1316: 1256:Scottish crossbill 1248: 1054: 1026:red-necked wallaby 901:have lived in the 865:Chinese water deer 833: 767:European hedgehogs 759:Scottish Executive 696: 593: 540:found only in the 528:subspecies of the 482:Habitats Directive 387: 321:Scottish crossbill 230: 222:Halichoerus grypus 9055:Fauna of Scotland 9040: 9039: 8964: 8963: 8763: 8762: 8730: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8718:Ethnic minorities 8676:Roman Catholicism 8625: 8624: 8310: 8309: 8189: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8172:Prison population 8152:Sheriff principal 8147:Solicitor General 8142:Procurator fiscal 8051:Political parties 7911: 7910: 7689:Early Middle Ages 7607: 7606: 7542: 7541: 7458:Historic counties 7139: 7138: 7081: 7080: 7033: 7032: 6970:Catacol whitebeam 6930:Scottish primrose 6904: 6903: 6786:Flora of Scotland 6781:Fauna of Scotland 6609:978-0-7486-3294-7 6577:978-0-00-219900-1 6483:978-0-86241-579-2 6117:on 21 August 2009 6089:. Jonathan Cape. 5972:Press and Journal 5508:Upogebia deltaura 5485:on 3 October 2012 5356:Neat, T. (2002). 4810:on 2 October 2006 4412:Scottish Wildlife 4004:on 27 August 2006 3899:Scottish Wildlife 3382:on 29 August 2009 3055:Flora of Scotland 2779:Loch Ness Monster 2652:chequered skipper 2620:Meloe brevicollis 2585:Northern colletes 2531:Scottish wood ant 2313:Upogebia deltaura 2185:Modiolus modiolus 2039:black-necked swan 2035:Chilean flamingos 1902:Caledonian Forest 1887:red-billed chough 1797:pink-footed geese 1787:, which breed in 1723:Eurasian whimbrel 1336:Montagu's harrier 1324:peregrine falcons 1292:Act of Parliament 1141:in 1743, and the 1129:. The last known 1066:woolly rhinoceros 1014:harbour porpoises 825:Scottish red deer 234:fauna of Scotland 210: 209: 9077: 8836: 8835: 8790: 8783: 8776: 8767: 8766: 8743: 8664:General Assembly 8554:Scottish English 8549:Highland English 8537: 8536: 8426:Oldest buildings 8325: 8324: 8321: 8320: 8267:Renewable energy 8212:Bank of Scotland 8200: 8199: 8113:Court of Session 8094:Advocate General 8024:Military history 8002:Local government 7931: 7930: 7922: 7921: 7794: 7793: 7714:Late Middle Ages 7699:High Middle Ages 7634: 7627: 7620: 7611: 7610: 7597: 7596: 7587: 7586: 7576: 7575: 7574: 7446:Local government 7434: 7433: 7421:Renewable energy 7166: 7159: 7152: 7143: 7142: 7093:European wildcat 7042: 7041: 6951:Arran whitebeams 6913: 6912: 6799: 6798: 6765: 6758: 6751: 6742: 6741: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6517:British Mammals. 6489:Scottish Mammals 6363: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6353:on 14 March 2012 6343: 6337: 6331: 6325: 6319: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6297: 6291: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6271:on 16 March 2007 6270: 6263: 6255: 6249: 6243: 6237: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6197: 6191: 6188: 6182: 6179: 6173: 6159: 6153: 6152: 6150: 6148: 6133: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6071: 6056: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6034: 6028: 6016: 6010: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5981: 5975: 5968: 5962: 5956: 5950: 5943: 5937: 5924: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5895: 5889: 5886: 5880: 5867: 5861: 5854: 5848: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5815: 5809: 5806: 5800: 5797: 5788: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5759: 5753: 5740: 5734: 5728: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5694: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5667: 5661: 5651:Coregonus albula 5647: 5641: 5635: 5629: 5616: 5610: 5597: 5591: 5588:Newsletter PMNHS 5582:Smith, S. 1998. 5580: 5574: 5573: 5565: 5559: 5558: 5548: 5514: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5453: 5447: 5441: 5435: 5422: 5416: 5415: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5385: 5379: 5371: 5354:See for example 5352: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5336:on 19 March 2012 5326: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5299: 5293: 5290: 5284: 5281: 5275: 5272: 5266: 5256: 5250: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5231:on 23 March 2007 5221: 5215: 5214: 5206: 5200: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5180: 5173: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5113: 5107: 5104: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5082: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5034: 5028: 5025: 5019: 5012: 5006: 4999: 4993: 4990: 4984: 4981: 4975: 4972: 4966: 4963: 4957: 4944: 4938: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4835: 4829: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4804:"Mingulay birds" 4800: 4794: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4774: 4762: 4756: 4749: 4743: 4740: 4734: 4731: 4725: 4722: 4716: 4713: 4707: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4689: 4683: 4670: 4664: 4661: 4655: 4653: 4645: 4636: 4633: 4627: 4624: 4618: 4615: 4609: 4606: 4600: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4580: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4546: 4540: 4533: 4527: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4424: 4418: 4408: 4402: 4399: 4393: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4375: 4368: 4362: 4359: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4330: 4324: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4306: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4288: 4277: 4270: 4264: 4257: 4251: 4248: 4242: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4218: 4211: 4203: 4197: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4154: 4139: 4136: 4130: 4127: 4121: 4118: 4112: 4109: 4103: 4096: 4090: 4079: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4048: 4042: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4020: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4009: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3977: 3970: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3945: 3938: 3930: 3924: 3921: 3915: 3908: 3902: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3879:on 20 April 2004 3869: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3852: 3845: 3837: 3831: 3824: 3818: 3811: 3805: 3795: 3789: 3786: 3780: 3777: 3771: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3742: 3736: 3733: 3727: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3707: 3700: 3692: 3686: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3666: 3659: 3651: 3642: 3639: 3633: 3626: 3620: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3600: 3593: 3585: 3574: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3559:on 4 August 2004 3549: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3470: 3464: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3427: 3418: 3407: 3401: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3372: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3343: 3334: 3273: 3267: 3258: 3252: 3248:Coregonus albula 3237: 3225:willow ptarmigan 3221: 3215: 3212: 3206: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3177: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3149: 3045:British avifauna 2648:marsh fritillary 2607:. The bumblebee 2547:Hylobius abietis 2527:Abernethy Forest 2518:Pardosa lugubris 2390:remains absent. 2387:Coregonus albula 2255:species and 700 2225:Atlantic halibut 2015:American bittern 1780: 1695:Tetrao urogallus 1624:northern gannets 1523:northern gannets 1511:Manx shearwaters 1507:northern gannets 1215:were present at 1213:northern fulmars 1002:Risso's dolphins 692:Sciurus vulgaris 621:Felis silvestris 617:Scottish wildcat 609:American martens 589:Felis silvestris 585:European wildcat 570:Scottish Terrier 242:Palearctic realm 202: 195: 188: 42: 21: 20: 9085: 9084: 9080: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9075: 9074: 9045: 9044: 9041: 9036: 9000: 8960: 8937: 8919: 8827: 8799: 8794: 8764: 8759: 8746: 8739: 8722: 8621: 8573: 8559:Scottish Gaelic 8526: 8431:Performing arts 8306: 8181: 8177:Police Scotland 8080: 8061:Scotland Office 7907: 7868:Protected areas 7783: 7655: 7644: 7638: 7608: 7603: 7572: 7570: 7563: 7538: 7515: 7477: 7425: 7389: 7368:Nature reserves 7353:Protected areas 7317: 7175: 7170: 7140: 7135: 7077: 7060: 7029: 7009: 6974: 6965:Arran whitebeam 6944: 6900: 6870: 6835: 6790: 6772: 6769: 6736:Wayback Machine 6709:John Muir Trust 6664:Wayback Machine 6648: 6643: 6634: 6632: 6629:"Species lists" 6627: 6371: 6366: 6356: 6354: 6345: 6344: 6340: 6332: 6328: 6320: 6316: 6306: 6304: 6299: 6298: 6294: 6288: 6284: 6274: 6272: 6268: 6261: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6244: 6240: 6228: 6224: 6213: 6209: 6198: 6194: 6189: 6185: 6180: 6176: 6170:Wayback Machine 6160: 6156: 6146: 6144: 6134: 6130: 6120: 6118: 6109: 6108: 6104: 6097: 6083: 6079: 6069: 6067: 6058: 6057: 6053: 6043: 6041: 6036: 6035: 6031: 6017: 6013: 6008: 6004: 5994: 5992: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5969: 5965: 5957: 5953: 5944: 5940: 5934:Wayback Machine 5925: 5921: 5913: 5909: 5896: 5892: 5887: 5883: 5877:Wayback Machine 5868: 5864: 5855: 5851: 5842: 5838: 5828: 5826: 5819:"Invertebrates" 5817: 5816: 5812: 5807: 5803: 5798: 5791: 5786: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5761: 5760: 5756: 5750:Wayback Machine 5741: 5737: 5721: 5717: 5707: 5705: 5696: 5695: 5691: 5681: 5679: 5669: 5668: 5664: 5648: 5644: 5636: 5632: 5626:Wayback Machine 5617: 5613: 5607:Wayback Machine 5598: 5594: 5581: 5577: 5566: 5562: 5512: 5502: 5498: 5488: 5486: 5477: 5476: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5455: 5454: 5450: 5442: 5438: 5432:Wayback Machine 5423: 5419: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5394: 5392: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5368: 5353: 5349: 5339: 5337: 5328: 5327: 5323: 5313: 5311: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5291: 5287: 5282: 5278: 5273: 5269: 5257: 5253: 5248: 5244: 5234: 5232: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5207: 5203: 5198: 5194: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5171: 5167: 5166: 5162: 5152: 5150: 5145: 5144: 5140: 5130: 5128: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5105: 5101: 5091: 5089: 5084: 5083: 5079: 5069: 5067: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5047: 5045: 5044:on 2 April 2012 5036: 5035: 5031: 5026: 5022: 5013: 5009: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4987: 4982: 4978: 4973: 4969: 4964: 4960: 4954:Wayback Machine 4945: 4941: 4935:Wayback Machine 4926: 4922: 4912: 4910: 4905: 4904: 4900: 4890: 4888: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4864: 4862: 4857: 4856: 4852: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4823: 4813: 4811: 4802: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4788: 4778: 4776: 4772: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4750: 4746: 4741: 4737: 4732: 4728: 4723: 4719: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4701: 4690: 4686: 4680:Wayback Machine 4671: 4667: 4662: 4658: 4646: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4612: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4594: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4573: 4569: 4559: 4557: 4548: 4547: 4543: 4534: 4530: 4525: 4521: 4511: 4509: 4504: 4503: 4499: 4489: 4487: 4486:. 16 March 2012 4478: 4477: 4473: 4463: 4461: 4452: 4451: 4447: 4437: 4435: 4426: 4425: 4421: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4353: 4343: 4341: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4322: 4318: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4300: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4267: 4258: 4254: 4249: 4245: 4241:. (1995) No. 1. 4236: 4232: 4222: 4220: 4216: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4194:Wayback Machine 4185: 4181: 4170: 4166: 4155: 4142: 4137: 4133: 4128: 4124: 4119: 4115: 4110: 4106: 4097: 4093: 4080: 4067: 4057: 4055: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4036: 4032: 4021: 4017: 4007: 4005: 3996: 3995: 3991: 3981: 3979: 3975: 3968: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3949: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3909: 3905: 3896: 3892: 3882: 3880: 3873:"Red Squirrels" 3871: 3870: 3866: 3856: 3854: 3850: 3843: 3839: 3838: 3834: 3825: 3821: 3812: 3808: 3796: 3792: 3787: 3783: 3778: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3755: 3753: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3725: 3721: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3698: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3684: 3680: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3657: 3653: 3652: 3645: 3640: 3636: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3614: 3604: 3602: 3598: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3577: 3562: 3560: 3551: 3550: 3541: 3533: 3529: 3519: 3517: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3496: 3492: 3485: 3471: 3467: 3454: 3450: 3440: 3438: 3429: 3428: 3421: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3395: 3385: 3383: 3374: 3373: 3366: 3356: 3354: 3345: 3344: 3337: 3324:Wayback Machine 3313:Wayback Machine 3301:Wayback Machine 3274: 3270: 3259: 3255: 3235: 3222: 3218: 3213: 3209: 3204: 3200: 3190: 3188: 3179: 3178: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3150: 3143: 3139: 3134: 3040: 2992:John Muir Trust 2898: 2876:populations in 2812:Victorian times 2804: 2799: 2750:Beast of Buchan 2726: 2706:The islands of 2657:Ethmia pyrausta 2610:Bombus jonellus 2581:Vertigo genesii 2521:, a species of 2513: 2470:natterjack toad 2428: 2368: 2152:Atlantic salmon 2103:Atlantic salmon 2083: 2055: 2043:red-tailed hawk 2041:in 1988, and a 2025:in 1958, and a 1946: 1892:In addition to 1841: 1817: 1778: 1759:Slavonian grebe 1680:golden pheasant 1658:and the famous 1636: 1535:northern fulmar 1472:Northern gannet 1465: 1381:estuaries. The 1300: 1223:period, but in 1208: 1176:European beaver 1139:Inverness-shire 1060:interglacials, 1038: 967:Bechstein's bat 931:Daubenton's bat 915: 869:Chinese muntjac 818: 806:European rabbit 681: 671:and harbour or 637:V. v. crucigera 578: 554:Highland Cattle 494: 373: 342:Atlantic salmon 301:northern gannet 248:were hunted to 206: 177: 176: 174:Natural history 171: 170:Natural history 163: 162: 161: 146: 144:Protected areas 128: 120: 119: 118: 109: 107:Wildlife Trusts 104: 96: 95: 90: 82: 81: 80: 71:Scottish breeds 50: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9083: 9073: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9022:Birds of Wales 9019: 9014: 9008: 9006: 9002: 9001: 8999: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8972: 8970: 8966: 8965: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8958: 8953: 8947: 8945: 8939: 8938: 8936: 8935: 8929: 8927: 8921: 8920: 8918: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8846: 8844: 8833: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8804: 8801: 8800: 8793: 8792: 8785: 8778: 8770: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8757: 8752: 8745: 8744: 8736: 8735: 8732: 8731: 8728: 8727: 8724: 8723: 8721: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8694: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8672: 8671: 8666: 8656: 8646: 8641: 8635: 8633: 8627: 8626: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8588: 8586: 8575: 8574: 8572: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8545: 8543: 8534: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8508: 8507: 8502: 8501: 8500: 8490: 8489: 8488: 8478: 8473: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8392: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8333: 8331: 8318: 8312: 8311: 8308: 8307: 8305: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8262:Power stations 8259: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8203: 8197: 8191: 8190: 8187: 8186: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8137:Lord President 8134: 8129: 8124: 8106: 8096: 8090: 8088: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8027: 8026: 8016: 8015: 8014: 8009: 7999: 7994: 7993: 7992: 7982: 7981: 7980: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7953:First Minister 7950: 7945: 7939: 7937: 7928: 7919: 7913: 7912: 7909: 7908: 7906: 7905: 7900: 7898:Municipalities 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7864: 7863: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7665: 7663: 7657: 7656: 7654: 7649: 7646: 7645: 7643: articles 7637: 7636: 7629: 7622: 7614: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7601: 7591: 7568: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7561: 7556: 7550: 7548: 7544: 7543: 7540: 7539: 7537: 7536: 7531: 7525: 7523: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7513: 7512: 7511: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7485: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7454: 7453: 7442: 7440: 7431: 7430:Administrative 7427: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7397: 7395: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7387: 7386: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7358:National parks 7350: 7345: 7340: 7339: 7338: 7327: 7325: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7294: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7252: 7251: 7246: 7236: 7231: 7229:Extreme points 7225: 7224: 7223: 7222: 7217: 7207: 7206: 7205: 7200: 7198:Hadrian's Wall 7189: 7183: 7181: 7177: 7176: 7169: 7168: 7161: 7154: 7146: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7133: 7128: 7121: 7114: 7107: 7100: 7095: 7089: 7087: 7083: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7062: 7061: 7059: 7058: 7052: 7050: 7039: 7035: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7027: 7021: 7019: 7011: 7010: 7008: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6986: 6984: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6956: 6954: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6921: 6919: 6910: 6906: 6905: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6882: 6880: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6866:St. Kilda wren 6863: 6858: 6853: 6851:Fair Isle wren 6847: 6845: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6833: 6827: 6822: 6815: 6809: 6807: 6796: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6783: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6767: 6760: 6753: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6714:Trees for Life 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6654: 6647: 6646:External links 6644: 6642: 6641: 6625: 6611: 6593: 6579: 6565: 6551: 6541: 6527: 6513: 6499: 6485: 6471: 6457: 6443: 6429: 6415: 6401: 6387: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6364: 6338: 6326: 6314: 6292: 6282: 6250: 6238: 6222: 6207: 6192: 6183: 6174: 6154: 6128: 6102: 6095: 6077: 6051: 6029: 6011: 6002: 5991:on 31 May 2009 5976: 5963: 5951: 5938: 5919: 5907: 5890: 5881: 5862: 5849: 5836: 5810: 5801: 5789: 5780: 5754: 5735: 5715: 5689: 5662: 5642: 5630: 5619:"A Royal Fish" 5611: 5592: 5575: 5560: 5523:(5): 871–880. 5496: 5470: 5448: 5436: 5417: 5402: 5380: 5366: 5347: 5330:"Arctic Charr" 5321: 5294: 5285: 5276: 5267: 5261:(August 2006) 5251: 5242: 5216: 5201: 5192: 5160: 5138: 5108: 5099: 5077: 5055: 5029: 5020: 5007: 4994: 4985: 4976: 4967: 4958: 4939: 4920: 4907:"The Wildlife" 4898: 4883:Morus bassanus 4872: 4850: 4830: 4821: 4795: 4786: 4757: 4744: 4735: 4726: 4717: 4708: 4699: 4684: 4665: 4656: 4637: 4628: 4619: 4610: 4601: 4592: 4567: 4541: 4528: 4519: 4497: 4471: 4445: 4419: 4403: 4394: 4385: 4376: 4363: 4351: 4325: 4316: 4307: 4298: 4278: 4265: 4252: 4243: 4230: 4198: 4179: 4164: 4140: 4131: 4122: 4113: 4104: 4091: 4065: 4043: 4030: 4015: 3989: 3957: 3925: 3916: 3903: 3890: 3864: 3832: 3819: 3806: 3790: 3781: 3772: 3763: 3737: 3728: 3719: 3687: 3678: 3643: 3634: 3621: 3612: 3601:on 9 July 2007 3575: 3539: 3527: 3501: 3490: 3483: 3465: 3448: 3419: 3415:James Lovelock 3402: 3393: 3364: 3353:on 7 June 2011 3335: 3268: 3253: 3216: 3207: 3198: 3169: 3160: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3024:Trees for Life 2941:national parks 2897: 2894: 2849:climate change 2808:United Kingdom 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2787:Stronsay Beast 2734:Stronsay Beast 2732:Sketch of the 2725: 2722: 2700:Pulex irritans 2599:of insects at 2589:Outer Hebrides 2512: 2509: 2427: 2424: 2367: 2364: 2340:national parks 2328:Firth of Clyde 2288:Rockall Trough 2280:Atlantic Ocean 2120:European perch 2082: 2079: 2054: 2051: 2017:in 1888 and a 1945: 1942: 1840: 1837: 1816: 1813: 1801:Montrose Basin 1785:barnacle geese 1715:Kentish plover 1668:grey partridge 1635: 1632: 1628:Morus bassanus 1620:Firth of Forth 1596:nature reserve 1499:European Union 1476:Morus bassanus 1464: 1461: 1299: 1296: 1207: 1204: 1037: 1034: 935:Natterer's bat 914: 911: 838:painting of a 817: 814: 775:wading seabird 771:Outer Hebrides 740:Firth of Forth 724:St Kilda mouse 712:hazel dormouse 680: 677: 577: 574: 493: 490: 478:European Union 372: 369: 319:the land. The 315:have recently 276:in the world. 208: 207: 205: 204: 197: 190: 182: 179: 178: 172: 169: 168: 165: 164: 160: 159: 158: 157: 152: 150:National parks 141: 136: 130: 129: 126: 125: 122: 121: 117: 116: 110: 105: 102: 101: 98: 97: 91: 88: 87: 84: 83: 79: 78: 76:Highland fauna 73: 68: 63: 58: 52: 51: 48: 47: 44: 43: 35: 34: 30: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9082: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9043: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9003: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8973: 8971: 8967: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8948: 8946: 8944: 8940: 8934: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8926: 8922: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8875:Conopid flies 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8847: 8845: 8843: 8842: 8837: 8834: 8832:Invertebrates 8830: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8805: 8802: 8798: 8791: 8786: 8784: 8779: 8777: 8772: 8771: 8768: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8747: 8742: 8738: 8737: 8733: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8686:Baptist Union 8684: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8661: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8651: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8636: 8634: 8632: 8628: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8580: 8576: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8542: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8529: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8506: 8503: 8499: 8496: 8495: 8494: 8491: 8487: 8486:national flag 8484: 8483: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8468: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8364: 8360: 8359: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8334: 8332: 8330: 8326: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8313: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8257: 8256:North Sea oil 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8204: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8192: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8132:Lord Advocate 8130: 8128: 8125: 8122: 8118: 8114: 8110: 8107: 8104: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8083: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8056:Republicanism 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8025: 8022: 8021: 8020: 8017: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8004: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7991: 7988: 7987: 7986: 7983: 7979: 7976: 7975: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7936: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7914: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7786: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7754:Enlightenment 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7658: 7653: 7650: 7647: 7642: 7635: 7630: 7628: 7623: 7621: 7616: 7615: 7612: 7600: 7592: 7590: 7582: 7581: 7580: 7579: 7566: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7551: 7549: 7545: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7518: 7510: 7507: 7506: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7452: 7449: 7448: 7447: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7435: 7432: 7428: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7392: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7355: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7337: 7334: 7333: 7332: 7329: 7328: 7326: 7324: 7320: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7278: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7241: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7226: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7212: 7211: 7208: 7204: 7203:Antonine Wall 7201: 7199: 7195: 7194: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7178: 7174: 7167: 7162: 7160: 7155: 7153: 7148: 7147: 7144: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7126: 7122: 7120: 7119: 7115: 7113: 7112: 7108: 7106: 7105: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7084: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7068: 7063: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7048: 7043: 7040: 7036: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7017: 7012: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6987: 6985: 6983: 6982: 6977: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6952: 6947: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6914: 6911: 6907: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6873: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6861:Shetland wren 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6844: 6843: 6838: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6820: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6805: 6800: 6797: 6793: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6775: 6766: 6761: 6759: 6754: 6752: 6747: 6746: 6743: 6737: 6733: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6661: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6630: 6626: 6624: 6623:0-7153-4260-6 6620: 6616: 6612: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6592: 6591:1-84107-008-4 6588: 6584: 6580: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6549: 6545: 6544:Murray, W. H. 6542: 6540: 6539:0-948661-26-7 6536: 6532: 6528: 6526: 6525:1-870630-68-8 6522: 6518: 6514: 6512: 6511:0-903937-41-7 6508: 6504: 6500: 6498: 6497:1-84158-536-X 6494: 6490: 6486: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6470: 6469:0-86272-139-3 6466: 6462: 6458: 6456: 6455:1-870630-98-X 6452: 6448: 6444: 6442: 6441:0-7486-1736-1 6438: 6434: 6430: 6428: 6427:1-873644-05-1 6424: 6420: 6416: 6414: 6413:0-00-219774-X 6410: 6406: 6402: 6400: 6399:1-870630-63-7 6396: 6392: 6388: 6386: 6385:1-85410-978-2 6382: 6378: 6374: 6373: 6352: 6348: 6342: 6335: 6330: 6323: 6318: 6302: 6296: 6286: 6267: 6260: 6254: 6247: 6242: 6235: 6232: 6226: 6218: 6211: 6203: 6196: 6187: 6178: 6171: 6167: 6164: 6158: 6143: 6139: 6132: 6116: 6112: 6106: 6098: 6096:0-224-03961-X 6092: 6088: 6081: 6065: 6061: 6055: 6039: 6033: 6026: 6025: 6021:. Edinburgh. 6020: 6015: 6006: 5990: 5986: 5980: 5973: 5967: 5960: 5955: 5948: 5942: 5935: 5931: 5928: 5923: 5916: 5911: 5904: 5901:. Edinburgh. 5900: 5894: 5885: 5878: 5874: 5871: 5866: 5859: 5853: 5846: 5840: 5824: 5820: 5814: 5805: 5796: 5794: 5784: 5768: 5764: 5758: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5739: 5732: 5726: 5719: 5703: 5699: 5693: 5678: 5677: 5672: 5666: 5659: 5656: 5652: 5646: 5639: 5634: 5627: 5623: 5620: 5615: 5608: 5604: 5601: 5596: 5589: 5585: 5579: 5571: 5564: 5556: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5511: 5509: 5500: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5458: 5452: 5445: 5440: 5433: 5429: 5426: 5421: 5413: 5406: 5390: 5384: 5378: 5377:1-84158-199-2 5374: 5369: 5367:0-86241-576-4 5363: 5359: 5351: 5335: 5331: 5325: 5310: 5309: 5304: 5298: 5289: 5280: 5271: 5264: 5260: 5259:British Birds 5255: 5246: 5230: 5226: 5220: 5212: 5205: 5196: 5177: 5170: 5164: 5148: 5147:"Hooded Crow" 5142: 5126: 5122: 5120: 5112: 5103: 5087: 5081: 5065: 5059: 5043: 5039: 5038:"Basin Birds" 5033: 5024: 5017: 5011: 5004: 4998: 4989: 4980: 4971: 4962: 4955: 4951: 4948: 4943: 4936: 4932: 4929: 4924: 4908: 4902: 4886: 4884: 4876: 4860: 4854: 4847: 4841: 4834: 4825: 4809: 4805: 4799: 4790: 4771: 4767: 4761: 4754: 4753:Sunday Herald 4748: 4739: 4730: 4721: 4712: 4703: 4695: 4688: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4669: 4660: 4651: 4644: 4642: 4632: 4623: 4614: 4605: 4596: 4577: 4571: 4555: 4551: 4545: 4539:(1993) Map 9. 4538: 4532: 4523: 4507: 4501: 4485: 4481: 4475: 4460:. 29 May 2009 4459: 4455: 4449: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4416: 4413: 4407: 4398: 4389: 4380: 4373: 4367: 4358: 4356: 4339: 4335: 4329: 4320: 4311: 4302: 4295:(139). Perth. 4294: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4275: 4269: 4262: 4261:Sunday Herald 4256: 4247: 4240: 4234: 4215: 4208: 4202: 4195: 4191: 4188: 4183: 4175: 4168: 4160: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4135: 4126: 4117: 4108: 4101: 4095: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4053: 4047: 4040: 4034: 4026: 4019: 4003: 3999: 3993: 3974: 3967: 3961: 3942: 3935: 3929: 3920: 3913: 3907: 3900: 3894: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3849: 3842: 3836: 3829: 3823: 3816: 3810: 3803: 3799: 3794: 3785: 3776: 3767: 3751: 3747: 3741: 3732: 3723: 3704: 3697: 3696:"Orkney vole" 3691: 3682: 3663: 3656: 3650: 3648: 3638: 3631: 3625: 3616: 3597: 3590: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3572: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3536: 3531: 3515: 3511: 3505: 3494: 3486: 3484:0-19-851067-5 3480: 3476: 3469: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3424: 3416: 3412: 3406: 3397: 3381: 3377: 3371: 3369: 3352: 3348: 3342: 3340: 3332: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3302: 3298: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3281: 3280:Loxia Scotica 3272: 3265: 3264: 3263:Future Nature 3257: 3250: 3249: 3244: 3243: 3234: 3233:Loxia scotica 3230: 3226: 3220: 3211: 3202: 3186: 3182: 3176: 3174: 3164: 3157:(175). Perth. 3156: 3148: 3146: 3141: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2976:Edinburgh Zoo 2973: 2969: 2965: 2960: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2893: 2889: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2816:single estate 2813: 2809: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2770: 2766: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2724:Cryptozoology 2721: 2719: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2702: 2701: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2683:clytra beetle 2680: 2676: 2672: 2671: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2621: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2549: 2548: 2544:Pine weevil ( 2542: 2538: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2519: 2508: 2506: 2505:Smooth snakes 2502: 2501:common lizard 2498: 2494: 2490: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2454:great crested 2451: 2447: 2439: 2438: 2432: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2391: 2389: 2388: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2373: 2363: 2361: 2360:Clachan Sound 2357: 2353: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2332:basking shark 2329: 2324: 2315: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2298: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2272:Darwin Mounds 2268: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2245:Kemp's ridley 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2172: 2170: 2165: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2108:northern pike 2104: 2100: 2099:river lamprey 2096: 2092: 2088: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2071:Stac an Armin 2068: 2064: 2063:great bittern 2060: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2031:lanner falcon 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1999:laughing gull 1996: 1995:Western Isles 1992: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1951: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1896:(see above), 1895: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1853: 1852:Corvus cornix 1849: 1845: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1775:whooper swans 1772: 1768: 1764: 1763:common scoter 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1741:lands in the 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1600:Aberdeenshire 1597: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1517:, which is a 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1493: 1492:North Berwick 1489: 1484: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1460: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1332:marsh harrier 1329: 1325: 1321: 1320:golden eagles 1313: 1309: 1304: 1295: 1293: 1288: 1284: 1281: 1280:St Kilda wren 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1260:Loxia scotica 1257: 1252: 1245: 1241: 1238:Village Bay, 1236: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1158: 1157: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1098:, subspecies 1097: 1093: 1092:Eurasian lynx 1089: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 982:killer whales 979: 975: 970: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 947:Leisler's bat 944: 940: 939:whiskered bat 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 913:Other mammals 910: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 877: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 849: 844: 841: 837: 830: 826: 822: 813: 811: 807: 803: 802:European hare 799: 798:mountain hare 795: 790: 788: 784: 783:ringed plover 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 747: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 720:harvest mouse 717: 713: 709: 705: 704:grey squirrel 701: 700:red squirrels 693: 689: 685: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 657: 655: 651: 647: 646:American mink 643: 638: 634: 630: 626: 625:British Isles 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 590: 586: 582: 573: 571: 567: 563: 559: 558:Shetland Pony 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 514: 510: 506: 502: 499: 489: 487: 486:Darwin Mounds 483: 479: 474: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 449:moorland and 448: 444: 440: 436: 433: 429: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 399: 395: 391: 385: 381: 377: 368: 366: 362: 358: 354: 353:invertebrates 350: 345: 343: 339: 338:Darwin Mounds 334: 332: 329: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 277: 275: 271: 270:harbour seals 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 227: 223: 219: 214: 203: 198: 196: 191: 189: 184: 183: 181: 180: 175: 167: 166: 156: 153: 151: 148: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 131: 124: 123: 115: 112: 111: 108: 103:Organisations 100: 99: 94: 86: 85: 77: 74: 72: 69: 67: 64: 62: 59: 57: 54: 53: 46: 45: 41: 37: 36: 32: 31: 27: 23: 22: 19: 9042: 8942: 8924: 8839: 8812: 8649:Christianity 8639:Baháʼí Faith 8532:Demographics 8476:coat of arms 8446:Prostitution 8379:Universities 8361: 8337:Architecture 8297:Unemployment 8292:Silicon Glen 8252:Oil industry 8237:Harris Tweed 8127:Crown Office 8019:Armed forces 7997:Independence 7985:Human rights 7820: 7816:Conservation 7806:Central Belt 7724:Early modern 7569: 7438:Subdivisions 7330: 7215:Great Trails 7123: 7116: 7109: 7102: 7065: 7045: 7014: 6979: 6949: 6916: 6891:Orkney charr 6875: 6840: 6817: 6802: 6780: 6633:. Retrieved 6614: 6596: 6582: 6568: 6554: 6547: 6530: 6516: 6502: 6488: 6474: 6460: 6446: 6432: 6418: 6404: 6390: 6376: 6355:. Retrieved 6351:the original 6347:"Our Vision" 6341: 6329: 6317: 6307:29 September 6305:. Retrieved 6301:"About NNRs" 6295: 6285: 6273:. Retrieved 6266:the original 6253: 6241: 6233: 6231:BBC Wildlife 6230: 6225: 6219:. Edinburgh. 6217:The Scotsman 6216: 6210: 6204:. Edinburgh. 6202:The Scotsman 6201: 6195: 6186: 6177: 6157: 6145:. Retrieved 6131: 6119:. Retrieved 6115:the original 6105: 6086: 6080: 6068:. Retrieved 6064:The Scotsman 6063: 6054: 6042:. Retrieved 6032: 6022: 6014: 6005: 5993:. Retrieved 5989:the original 5979: 5971: 5966: 5954: 5947:The Scotsman 5946: 5941: 5922: 5910: 5903:The Scotsman 5902: 5893: 5884: 5865: 5857: 5852: 5844: 5839: 5827:. Retrieved 5823:the original 5813: 5804: 5783: 5771:. Retrieved 5767:the original 5757: 5738: 5730: 5727:. Edinburgh. 5725:The Scotsman 5724: 5718: 5706:. Retrieved 5702:the original 5692: 5680:. 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Retrieved 3185:the original 3163: 3154: 2996:conservation 2961: 2938: 2922: 2890: 2861:snow bunting 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2826:population: 2815: 2805: 2772: 2762:domestic cat 2743: 2715: 2705: 2698: 2668: 2666: 2655: 2637: 2632: 2618: 2613: 2609: 2580: 2553: 2545: 2537:per season. 2516: 2514: 2486: 2443: 2437:Vipera berus 2435: 2416:Isle of Skye 2393: 2392: 2385: 2384:area began. 2375: 2369: 2349: 2348: 2323:Atlantic cod 2319: 2311: 2295: 2291: 2269: 2261:flame shells 2249:green turtle 2227:and various 2217:European eel 2192: 2184: 2173: 2161: 2155: 2142:Arctic charr 2127: 2095:European eel 2084: 2059:common crane 2056: 2019:purple heron 1980: 1962:such as the 1954: 1947: 1914:snow bunting 1898:crested tits 1891: 1875:carrion crow 1871:hooded crows 1867:carrion crow 1857: 1851: 1818: 1791:, arrive on 1782: 1707:stone-curlew 1700: 1694: 1691:capercaillie 1664:Common quail 1637: 1627: 1608:herring gull 1590: 1554:Arctic terns 1547: 1501:'s breeding 1496: 1475: 1457:pigeon lofts 1454: 1407: 1388: 1348: 1317: 1311: 1282: 1259: 1253: 1249: 1209: 1192: 1161: 1154: 1133:was shot on 1099: 1085: 1055: 1050:Castor fiber 1049: 998:white-beaked 990:minke whales 986:sperm whales 971: 916: 886: 879:Capra hircus 878: 853:artiodactyla 846: 834: 828: 816:Artiodactyls 791: 748: 744:Shiant Isles 714:, or of the 697: 691: 688:Red squirrel 658: 636: 632: 620: 611:in northern 594: 588: 562:Eriskay Pony 537: 536:or cuttick, 521: 495: 475: 439:broad-leaved 388: 357:Conservation 346: 335: 323:is the only 317:re-colonised 305:golden eagle 299:such as the 295:grounds for 278: 240:part of the 233: 231: 221: 89:Conservation 60: 49:Biodiversity 18: 8969:Vertebrates 8943:Crustaceans 8905:Shield bugs 8870:Butterflies 8207:Agriculture 8071:Nationalism 7990:LGBT rights 7893:Environment 7774:Romanticism 7729:Reformation 7719:Renaissance 7684:Middle Ages 7679:Roman times 7674:Prehistoric 7559:Land Reform 7482:Settlements 7401:Agriculture 7323:Environment 7220:Coastal Way 7098:Flame shell 6886:Haddy charr 6813:Orkney vole 6795:Vertebrates 6369:Cited texts 6275:16 February 5092:13 November 4814:16 February 3012:Sierra Club 2953:Breadalbane 2874:common seal 2783:water horse 2703:in Europe. 2679:pine weevil 2614:hebridensis 2523:wolf spider 2493:grass snake 2478:Alpine newt 2474:common frog 2466:common toad 2276:coral reefs 2237:leatherback 2181:Horsemussel 2156:Salmo salar 2116:stone loach 2091:brown trout 2053:Extinctions 2027:black stork 2023:Baikal teal 2011:Lossiemouth 1910:Ring ouzels 1863:hooded crow 1848:Hooded crow 1829:turtle dove 1757:. The rare 1652:Galliformes 1638:Red-listed 1582:Arctic skua 1533:and 67,000 1442:myxomatosis 1422:sparrowhawk 1414:hen harrier 1403:Loch Garten 1399:Loch Arkaig 1219:during the 1151:house mouse 1058:Pleistocene 1056:During the 1030:Loch Lomond 1006:Moray Firth 751:insectivore 742:and on the 728:Orkney vole 673:common seal 650:Wester Ross 631:subspecies 605:pine marten 546:common vole 534:Orkney vole 509:Scandinavia 501:glaciations 498:Pleistocene 467:fresh water 463:blanket bog 333:in the UK. 256:'s diverse 9049:Categories 8976:Amphibians 8885:Hoverflies 8669:Moderators 8612:Scientists 8498:regimental 8441:Placenames 8436:Philosophy 8411:Literature 8041:Parliament 7973:Government 7943:Devolution 7926:Government 7883:Ecoregions 7873:Waterfalls 7749:Jacobitism 7554:Demography 7504:Twin towns 7308:Waterfalls 7196:Historic: 7016:Liverworts 6322:"The Park" 5995:15 January 5845:The Herald 5829:15 January 5773:13 January 5763:"Reptiles" 5682:27 October 5412:The Herald 5395:13 January 5314:27 October 4913:13 January 4417:pp. 26–27. 3802:The Herald 3563:19 January 3386:13 January 3137:References 2910:Cairn Toul 2906:Cairngorms 2866:Planktonic 2820:Cairngorms 2802:Challenges 2769:melanistic 2754:Kellas Cat 2695:Skara Brae 2685:, and the 2675:predations 2605:Loch Leven 2460:, and the 2412:Loch Mealt 2404:vulnerable 2354:(L.) is a 2284:Cape Wrath 2253:crustacean 2241:loggerhead 2233:sea turtle 2213:blue shark 2087:allis shad 1960:passerines 1938:Sutherland 1894:crossbills 1839:Passerines 1727:greenshank 1660:red grouse 1654:including 1593:Fowlsheugh 1543:razorbills 1446:snowy owls 1434:little owl 1217:Skara Brae 1135:Mackintosh 1082:Arctic fox 1074:polar bear 891:Soay sheep 887:Ovis aries 881:and feral 836:Landseer's 794:lagomorphs 765:to remove 732:black rats 718:, and the 597:Mustelidae 576:Carnivores 566:Soay Sheep 552:including 530:wood mouse 459:Sutherland 443:Scots pine 435:Caledonian 428:landscapes 417:freshwater 398:coniferous 380:Scots pine 328:vertebrate 289:red grouse 250:extinction 8654:Christmas 8607:Musicians 8602:Inventors 8541:Languages 8517:Festivals 8357:Education 8282:Transport 8222:Companies 8217:Charities 7948:Elections 7836:Highlands 7789:Geography 7509:by county 7463:Districts 7271:Moorlands 6832:(extinct) 6635:9 January 6357:3 January 6136:Adomnán. 6121:10 August 6070:1 January 6044:10 August 5858:Broadleaf 5708:10 August 5489:8 January 5463:7 January 5235:4 January 5185:7 January 5153:7 January 5086:"Wryneck" 5070:7 January 5001:Peterson 4891:24 August 4779:24 August 4585:7 January 4560:6 January 4535:Peterson 4344:1 January 4223:1 January 4058:1 January 4052:"Rabbits" 4008:1 January 3982:1 January 3950:2 January 3883:1 January 3857:1 January 3756:1 January 3712:1 January 3671:1 January 3520:2 January 3441:2 January 3357:24 August 3191:1 January 3181:"Mammals" 3020:John Muir 2984:Kingussie 2918:Braeriach 2904:The High 2853:ptarmigan 2774:Cat Sidhe 2687:timberman 2662:Loch Shin 2640:butterfly 2569:butterfly 2482:Edinburgh 2398:, a rare 2382:Lochmaben 2356:gastropod 2265:Loch Alsh 2209:porbeagle 2169:Highlands 2067:great auk 2033:in 1976, 1956:Fair Isle 1934:Caithness 1833:rock dove 1821:corncrake 1789:Greenland 1767:Goldeneye 1747:Benbecula 1656:blackcock 1644:ptarmigan 1616:Bass Rock 1604:kittiwake 1488:Bass Rock 1426:tawny owl 1264:Highlands 1221:Neolithic 1196:Inverness 1180:Highlands 1115:wild boar 1022:marsupial 857:sika deer 769:from the 749:Mainland 669:grey seal 623:) in the 513:Hebridean 455:Caithness 413:estuarine 401:woodlands 394:deciduous 262:wild cats 258:temperate 218:grey seal 9005:See also 8996:Reptiles 8956:Woodlice 8925:Molluscs 8890:Mayflies 8813:Scotland 8750:Category 8698:Hinduism 8644:Buddhism 8631:Religion 8461:Surnames 8401:Identity 8396:Hogmanay 8374:Colleges 8232:Forestry 8167:Udal law 8076:Unionism 8031:Monarchs 7935:Politics 7917:Politics 7851:Lowlands 7669:Timeline 7641:Scotland 7589:Category 7521:Toponymy 7416:Forestry 7406:Crofting 7394:Land use 7313:Wetlands 7180:Physical 7086:See also 6732:Archived 6660:Archived 6583:St Kilda 6563:11102623 6166:Archived 5930:Archived 5873:Archived 5746:Archived 5622:Archived 5603:Archived 5555:53620435 5428:Archived 5340:30 April 4950:Archived 4931:Archived 4881:"Gannet 4848:figures. 4676:Archived 4512:29 March 4490:29 March 4484:BBC News 4458:BBC News 4374:in 1749. 4338:BBC News 4190:Archived 3630:St Kilda 3605:1 August 3320:Archived 3309:Archived 3297:Archived 3038:See also 3000:Knoydart 2978:and the 2882:Shetland 2857:dotterel 2752:'. 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