1821:, whose body temperature varies as the environmental temperature varies, the body temperature which constitutes a febrile state differs depending on the environmental temperature. Fever can also be behaviorally induced by invertebrates that do not have immune-system based fever. For instance, some species of grasshopper will thermoregulate to achieve body temperatures that are 2–5 °C higher than normal in order to inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens such as
616:
1712:
1111:
60:
1220:(PGE2). PGE2 in turn acts on the hypothalamus, which creates a systemic response in the body, causing heat-generating effects to match a new higher temperature set point. There are four receptors in which PGE2 can bind (EP1-4), with a previous study showing the EP3 subtype is what mediates the fever response. Hence, the hypothalamus can be seen as working like a
1573:
According to the NIH, the two assumptions which are generally used to argue in favor of treating fevers have not been experimentally validated. These are that (1) a fever is noxious, and (2) suppression of a fever will reduce its noxious effect. Most of the other studies supporting the association of
1782:
and dramatically overestimate the likelihood of permanent damage from typical fevers. The underlying problem, according to professor of pediatrics Barton D. Schmitt, is that "as parents we tend to suspect that our children's brains may melt." As a result of these misconceptions parents are anxious,
1278:
When the hypothalamic set point moves back to baseline—either spontaneously or via medication—normal functions such as sweating, and the reverse of the foregoing processes (e.g., vasodilation, end of shivering, and nonshivering heat production) are used to cool the body to the new, lower setting.
1181:
A fever response to an infectious disease is generally regarded as protective, whereas fever in non-infections may be maladaptive. Studies have not been consistent on whether treating fever generally worsens or improves mortality risk. Benefits or harms may depend on the type of infection, health
1639:
Using both paracetamol and ibuprofen at the same time or alternating between the two is more effective at decreasing fever than using only paracetamol or ibuprofen. It is not clear if it increases child comfort. Response or nonresponse to medications does not predict whether or not a child has a
579:
Normal body temperatures vary depending on many factors, including age, sex, time of day, ambient temperature, activity level, and more. Normal daily temperature variation has been described as 0.5 °C (0.9 °F). A raised temperature is not always a fever. For example, the temperature
606:
Clinically, it is important to distinguish between fever and hyperthermia as hyperthermia may quickly lead to death and does not respond to antipyretic medications. The distinction may however be difficult to make in an emergency setting, and is often established by identifying possible causes.
571:
of oral temperatures in healthy individuals is 35.7–37.7 °C (96.3–99.9 °F) among men and 33.2–38.1 °C (91.8–100.6 °F) among women, while when taken rectally it is 36.7–37.5 °C (98.1–99.5 °F) among men and 36.8–37.1 °C (98.2–98.8 °F) among women, and for
1769:
Fever is often viewed with greater concern by parents and healthcare professionals than might be deserved, a phenomenon known as fever phobia, which is based in both caregiver's and parents' misconceptions about fever in children. Among them, many parents incorrectly believe that fever is a
1564:
Fever does not necessarily need to be treated, and most people with a fever recover without specific medical attention. Although it is unpleasant, fever rarely rises to a dangerous level even if untreated. Damage to the brain generally does not occur until temperatures reach 42.0 °C
1547:
output system, which evokes non-shivering thermogenesis to produce body heat and skin vasoconstriction to decrease heat loss from the body surface. It is presumed that the innervation from the POA to the PVN mediates the neuroendocrine effects of fever through the pathway involving
1569:
does not affect outcomes. Small trials have shown no benefit of treating fevers of 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) or higher of critically ill patients in ICUs, and one trial was terminated early because patients receiving aggressive fever treatment were dying more often.
1574:
fever with poorer outcomes have been observational in nature. In theory, these critically ill patients and those faced with additional physiologic stress may benefit from fever reduction, but the evidence on both sides of the argument appears to be mostly equivocal.
1114:
Hyperthermia: Characterized on the left. Normal body temperature (thermoregulatory set point) is shown in green, while the hyperthermic temperature is shown in red. As can be seen, hyperthermia can be conceptualized as an increase above the thermoregulatory set
1134:
with strict temperature requirements can be hindered, and the rates of some important immunological reactions are increased by temperature. Fever has been described in teaching texts as assisting the healing process in various ways, including:
1778:, that even low fevers are harmful, and that any temperature even briefly or slightly above the oversimplified "normal" number marked on a thermometer is a clinically significant fever. They are also afraid of harmless side effects like
1335:
But pyrogens include non-endotoxic substances (derived from microorganisms other than gram-negative-bacteria or from chemical substances) as well. The types of pyrogens include internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous) to the body.
1457:
Exogenous pyrogens are external to the body and are of microbial origin. In general, these pyrogens, including bacterial cell wall products, may act on Toll-like receptors in the hypothalamus and elevate the thermoregulatory setpoint.
1117:
Hypothermia: Characterized in the center: Normal body temperature is shown in green, while the hypothermic temperature is shown in blue. As can be seen, hypothermia can be conceptualized as a decrease below the thermoregulatory set
1690:
word for fever), was once used to refer to a low-grade fever lasting only a few days. This term fell out of use in the early 20th century, and the symptoms it referred to are now thought to have been caused mainly by various minor
1120:
Fever: Characterized on the right: Normal body temperature is shown in green. It reads "New Normal" because the thermoregulatory set point has risen. This has caused what was the normal body temperature (in blue) to be considered
1624:(paracetamol) in children. Ibuprofen and acetaminophen may be safely used together in children with fevers. The efficacy of acetaminophen by itself in children with fevers has been questioned. Ibuprofen is also superior to
580:
rises in healthy people when they exercise, but this is not considered a fever, as the set point is normal. On the other hand, a "normal" temperature may be a fever, if it is unusually high for that person; for example,
540:
has been found. Central temperatures, such as rectal temperatures, are more accurate than peripheral temperatures. Fever is generally agreed to be present if the elevated temperature is caused by a raised set point and:
1674:
Infections presenting with fever were a major source of mortality in humans for about 200,000 years. Until the late nineteenth century, approximately half of all humans died from infections before the age of fifteen.
6531:
Autret E, Reboul-Marty J, Henry-Launois B, Laborde C, Courcier S, Goehrs JM, Languillat G, Launois R (1997). "Evaluation of ibuprofen versus aspirin and paracetamol on efficacy and comfort in children with fever".
7246:
7231:
4114:
Despite the myriad of complications associated with heat illness, an elevation of core temperature above 41.0 °C (often referred to as fever or hyperpyrexia) is the most widely recognized symptom of this
3004:
Despite the myriad of complications associated with heat illness, an elevation of core temperature above 41.0 °C (often referred to as fever or hyperpyrexia) is the most widely recognized symptom of this
830:, a bacterial infection can spread rapidly; this fever is, therefore, usually considered to require urgent medical attention. This kind of fever is more commonly seen in people receiving immune-suppressing
1286:, in which the normal setting remains, and the body overheats through undesirable retention of excess heat or over-production of heat. Hyperthermia is usually the result of an excessively hot environment (
4977:
Drewry, Anne M.; Ablordeppey, Enyo A.; Murray, Ellen T.; Stoll, Carolyn R. T.; Izadi, Sonya R.; Dalton, Catherine M.; Hardi, Angela C.; Fowler, Susan A.; Fuller, Brian M.; Colditz, Graham A. (2017).
4101:
369:
does not appear to improve or worsen outcomes. Fever is often viewed with greater concern by parents and healthcare professionals than is usually deserved, a phenomenon known as "fever phobia."
2399:
Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Gutiérrez-Ocampo E, Villamizar-Peña R, Holguin-Rivera Y, Escalera-Antezana JP, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Franco-Paredes C (13 March 2020).
3017:
Niven DJ, Gaudet JE, Laupland KB, Mrklas KJ, Roberts DJ, Stelfox HT (November 2015). "Accuracy of peripheral thermometers for estimating temperature: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
350:(acetaminophen) may help with this as well as lower temperature. Children younger than three months require medical attention, as might people with serious medical problems such as a
850:
greater than or equal to 40 or 41 °C (104 or 106 °F); the range of hyperpyrexia includes cases considered severe (≥ 40 °C) and extreme (≥ 42 °C). It differs from
4277:
5830:
Srinivasan L, Harris MC, Kilpatrick LE (1 January 2017). "128 - Cytokines and
Inflammatory Response in the Fetus and Neonate". In Polin RA, Abman SH, Rowitch DH, Benitz WE (eds.).
1783:
give the child fever-reducing medicine when the temperature is technically normal or only slightly elevated, and interfere with the child's sleep to give the child more medicine.
1655:. It is part of about 30% of healthcare visits by children, and occurs in up to 75% of adults who are seriously sick. About 5% of people who go to an emergency room have a fever.
1247:
If these measures are insufficient to make the blood temperature in the brain match the new set point in the hypothalamus, the brain orchestrates heat effector mechanisms via the
1519:
PGE2 is the ultimate mediator of the febrile response. The setpoint temperature of the body will remain elevated until PGE2 is no longer present. PGE2 acts on neurons in the
4072:
Dantrolene may also be associated with improved survival and reduced complications, especially in patients with extreme (≥ 42 °C) or severe (≥ 40 °C) hyperpyrexia
2967:
Dantrolene may also be associated with improved survival and reduced complications, especially in patients with extreme (≥ 42 °C) or severe (≥ 40 °C) hyperpyrexia
3232:
Sund-Levander M, Forsberg C, Wahren LK (June 2002). "Normal oral, rectal, tympanic and axillary body temperature in adult men and women: a systematic literature review".
3085:
1671:(tertian or every 2 days and quartan or every 3 days). It also became clear around this time that fever was a symptom of disease rather than a disease in and of itself.
5519:
342:
Treatment to reduce fever is generally not required. Treatment of associated pain and inflammation, however, may be useful and help a person rest. Medications such as
584:
elderly people have a decreased ability to generate body heat, so a "normal" temperature of 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) may represent a clinically significant fever.
501:
Note: The difference between fever and hyperthermia is the underlying mechanism. Different sources have different cut-offs for fever, hyperthermia and hyperpyrexia.
233:. There is no single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature: sources use values ranging between 37.2 and 38.3 °C (99.0 and 100.9 °F) in humans.
4291:
Heymann, D. L.; Weisfeld, J. S.; Webb, P. A.; Johnson, K. M.; Cairns, T.; Berquist, H. (1 September 1980). "Ebola
Hemorrhagic Fever: Tandala, Zaire, 1977-1978".
365:. It is part of about 30% of healthcare visits by children and occurs in up to 75% of adults who are seriously sick. While fever evolved as a defense mechanism,
815:, with patients argued to present high temperature for one week, followed by low for the next week, and so on, where the generality of this pattern is debated.
4185:
Raoult, Didier; Levy, Pierre-Yves; Dupont, Hervé Tissot; Chicheportiche, Colette; Tamalet, Catherine; Gastaut, Jean-Albert; Salducci, Jacques (January 1993).
2516:
Schaffner A (March 2006). "Fieber – nützliches oder schädliches, zu behandelndes
Symptom?" [Fever–useful or noxious symptom that should be treated?].
1598:). In general, people are advised to keep adequately hydrated. Whether increased fluid intake improves symptoms or shortens respiratory illnesses such as the
3177:"The diagnostic accuracy of digital, infrared and mercury-in-glass thermometers in measuring body temperature: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"
2068:
7385:
4885:
Kiekkas P, Aretha D, Bakalis N, Karpouhtsi I, Marneras C, Baltopoulos GI (August 2013). "Fever effects and treatment in critical care: literature review".
4764:
2292:
Kiekkas P, Aretha D, Bakalis N, Karpouhtsi I, Marneras C, Baltopoulos GI (August 2013). "Fever effects and treatment in critical care: literature review".
3764:
Chin, W.; Contacos, P. G.; Coatney, G. R.; Kimball, H. R. (20 August 1965). "A Naturally
Acquired Quotidian-Type Malaria in Man Transferable to Monkeys".
3175:
Pecoraro, Valentina; Petri, Davide; Costantino, Giorgio; Squizzato, Alessandro; Moja, Lorenzo; Virgili, Gianni; Lucenteforte, Ersilia (25 November 2020).
2980:
2876:
Hutchison JS, Ward RE, Lacroix J, Hébert PC, Barnes MA, Bohn DJ, et al. (June 2008). "Hypothermia therapy after traumatic brain injury in children".
4391:
Oakley, Miranda S.; Gerald, Noel; McCutchan, Thomas F.; Aravind, L.; Kumar, Sanjai (October 2011). "Clinical and molecular aspects of malaria fever".
248:. This results in greater heat production and efforts to conserve heat. When the set point temperature returns to normal, a person feels hot, becomes
6730:
Nassisi D, Oishi ML (January 2012). "Evidence-based guidelines for evaluation and antimicrobial therapy for common emergency department infections".
858:
for body temperature is set above normal, then heat is generated to achieve it. In contrast, hyperthermia involves body temperature rising above its
3497:
Typhoid fever may show a specific fever pattern, with a slow stepwise increase and a high plateau (drops due to fever-reducing drugs are excluded).
1367:, leading to a fever. Whilst they can be a product of external factors like exogenous pyrogens, they can also be induced by internal factors like
6437:"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical safety and tolerability of ibuprofen compared with paracetamol in paediatric pain and fever"
5699:
3507:
Dall, Lawrence; Stanford, James F. (1990). "Fever, Chills, and Night Sweats". In Walker, H. Kenneth; Hall, W. Dallas; Hurst, J. Willis (eds.).
335:, in that hyperthermia is an increase in body temperature over the temperature set point, due to either too much heat production or not enough
3409:
2552:
Niven DJ, Stelfox HT, Laupland KB (June 2013). "Antipyretic therapy in febrile critically ill adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
7040:
Schmidt-Nielsen K, Schmidt-Nielsen B, Jarnum SA, Houpt TR (January 1957). "Body temperature of the camel and its relation to water economy".
560:
Temperature in the mouth (oral) is at or over 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) in the morning or over 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) in the afternoon
7014:
1485:, e.g., interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). A further downstream event is activation of the
1224:. When the set point is raised, the body increases its temperature through both active generation of heat and retention of heat. Peripheral
6896:
6858:
3115:
4233:
3672:
3575:
1290:) or an adverse reaction to drugs. Fever can be differentiated from hyperthermia by the circumstances surrounding it and its response to
826:, also called febrile neutropenia, is a fever in the absence of normal immune system function. Because of the lack of infection-fighting
2641:
Crocetti M, Moghbeli N, Serwint J (June 2001). "Fever Phobia
Revisited: Have Parental Misconceptions About Fever Changed in 20 Years?".
2499:
5988:
1643:
With respect to the effect of antipyretics on the risk of death in those with infection, studies have found mixed results, as of 2019.
523:
2941:
Grunau BE, Wiens MO, Brubacher JR (September 2010). "Dantrolene in the treatment of MDMA-related hyperpyrexia: a systematic review".
1586:
or air conditioning may somewhat reduce the temperature and increase comfort. If the temperature reaches the extremely high level of
1320:., the immune response of the body is to inhibit their growth and eliminate them. The most common pyrogens are endotoxins, which are
7378:
7000:
2757:
Kelley KW, Bluthé RM, Dantzer R, Zhou JH, Shen WH, Johnson RW, Broussard SR (February 2003). "Cytokine-induced sickness behavior".
1441:
Of these, IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6 are able to raise the temperature setpoint of an organism and cause fever. These proteins produce a
6644:
King D (August 2013). "Question 2: does a failure to respond to antipyretics predict serious illness in children with a fever?".
6576:
5112:
Ushikubi F, et al. (September 1998). "Impaired febrile response in mice lacking the prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP3".
2127:
Dinarello CA, Porat R (2018). "Chapter 15: Fever". In
Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo, J (eds.).
5055:"Fever Is Associated with Reduced, Hypothermia with Increased Mortality in Septic Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials"
3093:
260:, with this being more common in young children. Fevers do not typically go higher than 41 to 42 °C (106 to 108 °F).
77:
1632:
is not recommended in children and young adults (those under the age of 16 or 19 depending on the country) due to the risk of
6916:
5880:
5847:
5814:
5783:
5675:
5554:
5486:
5441:
5400:
4604:
4434:
Colunga-Salas, Pablo; Sánchez-Montes, Sokani; Volkow, Patricia; Ruíz-Remigio, Adriana; Becker, Ingeborg (17 September 2020).
4016:
3946:
3551:
2929:
Body temperature is maintained within the range 36.5-37.5 °C. It is lowest in the early morning and highest in the afternoon.
2852:
1565:(107.6 °F), and it is rare for an untreated fever to exceed 40.6 °C (105.1 °F). Treating fever in people with
6220:
6114:
Drewry AM, Ablordeppey EA, Murray ET, Stoll CR, Izadi SR, Dalton CM, Hardi AC, Fowler SA, Fuller BM, Colditz GA (May 2017).
5026:
Su F, Nguyen ND, Wang Z, Cai Y, Rogiers P, Vincent JL (June 2005). "Fever control in septic shock: beneficial or harmful?".
2006:
4501:
Puéchal X, Terrier B, Mouthon L, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Guillevin L, Le Jeunne C (March 2014). "Relapsing polychondritis".
5863:
Wilson ME, Boggild AK (1 January 2011). "130 - Fever and
Systemic Symptoms". In Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF (eds.).
5416:
Kojima K (1 January 2012). "17 - Biological evaluation and regulation of medical devices in Japan". In
Boutrand JP (ed.).
859:
855:
7371:
5715:"The role of TNF-alpha in fever: opposing actions of human and murine TNF-alpha and interactions with IL-beta in the rat"
4232:
French, Neil; Nakiyingi, Jessica; Lugada, Eric; Watera, Christine; Whitworth, James A. G.; Gilks, Charles F. (May 2001).
1368:
1316:
A pyrogen is a substance that induces fever. In the presence of an infectious agent, such as bacteria, viruses, viroids,
595:
is an elevation of body temperature over the temperature set point, due to either too much heat production or not enough
576:
measurement it is 35.5–37.5 °C (95.9–99.5 °F) among men and 35.7–37.5 °C (96.3–99.5 °F) among women.
4095:
2922:
2378:
2271:
2080:
2046:
1986:
1470:
741:
Among the types of intermittent fever are ones specific to cases of malaria caused by different pathogens. These are:
627:
Various patterns of measured patient temperatures have been observed, some of which may be indicative of a particular
7339:
7192:
7179:
Rhoades R, Pflanzer RG (1996). "Chapter 27: Regulation of Body
Temperature (Clinical Focus: Pathogenesis of Fever)".
5917:
5896:
Roth J, Blatteis CM (October 2014). "Mechanisms of fever production and lysis: Lessons from experimental LPS fever".
5643:
4859:
4825:
4565:
3666:
3518:
2990:
2138:
1805:. The body temperature of animals, which is taken rectally, is different from one species to another. For example, a
3060:
984:
7102:
Tefera M (July 2004). "Observations on the clinical examination of the camel (Camelus dromedarius) in the field".
5992:
1445:
which induces the hypothalamic production of PGE2 which then stimulates the release of neurotransmitters such as
1395:
4734:
4628:
1418:(IL-1) release. These cytokine factors are released into general circulation, where they migrate to the brain's
6687:
Ludwig J, McWhinnie H (May 2019). "Antipyretic drugs in patients with fever and infection: literature review".
5941:
Ludwig J, McWhinnie H (May 2019). "Antipyretic drugs in patients with fever and infection: literature review".
3359:"The optimal oral body temperature cutoff and other factors predictive of sepsis diagnosis in elderly patients"
1446:
1008:
883:
516:
6803:"Lethal Infectious Diseases as Inborn Errors of Immunity: Toward a Synthesis of the Germ and Genetic Theories"
1016:
568:
537:
563:
Temperature under the arm (axillary) is usually about 0.6 °C (1.1 °F) below core body temperature.
946:
6345:"Efficacy and safety of acetaminophen vs ibuprofen for treating children's pain or fever: a meta-analysis"
7630:
6386:"Paracetamol and ibuprofen for the treatment of fever in children: the PITCH randomised controlled trial"
5212:
Tabarean, Iustin; Morrison, Brad; Marcondes, Maria
Cecilia; Bartfai, Tamas; Conti, Bruno (January 2010).
7363:
5537:
Constable PD, Hinchcliff KW, Done SH, Grünberg W, eds. (1 January 2017). "4 - General Systemic States".
1544:
1524:
1202:
992:
866:, as they may indicate a serious underlying condition or lead to severe morbidity (including permanent
4234:"Increasing rates of malarial fever with deteriorating immune status in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults"
2703:
1411:
7435:
2128:
1513:
509:
351:
324:
226:
147:
5630:
Stitt, John (2008). "Chapter 59: Regulation of Body Temperature". In Boron WF, Boulpaep, EL (eds.).
1738:
Tertiana and Quartana are the goddesses of tertian and quartan fevers of malaria in Roman mythology.
439:
7354:
7261:
6581:. British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. 2007. p. 151.
1528:
1486:
1435:
1248:
976:
958:
296:
6384:
Hay AD, Redmond NM, Costelloe C, Montgomery AA, Fletcher M, Hollinghurst S, Peters TJ (May 2009).
7430:
7398:
7018:
3969:
3622:
1540:
1423:
1419:
871:
819:
807:
In addition, there is disagreement regarding whether a specific fever pattern is associated with
685:
124:
17:
6595:
Wong T, Stang AS, Ganshorn H, Hartling L, Maconochie IK, Thomsen AM, Johnson DW (October 2013).
4657:. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Welfare Administration, Children's Bureau.
7604:
5425:
5384:
3654:
1582:
Limited evidence supports sponging or bathing feverish children with tepid water. The use of a
1466:
1325:
699:
673:
651:
457:
405:, and the inability to concentrate. Sleeping with a fever can often cause intense or confusing
222:
218:
164:
31:
7331:
7301:
6908:
6436:
6116:"Antipyretic Therapy in Critically Ill Septic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
3567:
2491:
2401:"Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
2398:
1976:
1481:. The LBP-LPS binding to CD14 results in cellular synthesis and release of various endogenous
818:
Persistent fever that cannot be explained after repeated routine clinical inquiries is called
7525:
7076:
4733:
Massignan C, Cardoso M, Porporatti AL, Aydinoz S, Canto G, Mezzomo LA, Bolan M (March 2016).
2036:
1695:
1543:(PVN) of the hypothalamus. Fever signals sent to the DMH and rRPa lead to stimulation of the
1339:
The "pyrogenicity" of given pyrogens varies: in extreme cases, bacterial pyrogens can act as
847:
812:
808:
771:
713:
709:
249:
6946:
5417:
5376:
4814:
4085:
3357:
Alsalamah, M; Alrehaili, B; Almoamary, A; Al-Juad, A; Badri, M; El-Metwally, A (July 2022).
1871:
Axelrod YK, Diringer MN (May 2008). "Temperature management in acute neurologic disorders".
1189:
suggest that they recover more rapidly from infections or critical illness due to fever. In
5121:
5066:
4933:
4447:
3773:
2912:
1372:
1298:
1241:
1237:
1012:
980:
320:
280:
4436:"Lyme disease and relapsing fever in Mexico: An overview of human and wildlife infections"
1093:, one metastudy describes 92.8% of adults versus 43.9% of children presenting with fever.
159:
Temperature higher than the normal range of 37.2 and 38.3 °C (99.0 and 100.9 °F)
8:
7440:
7337:
Drugs most commonly associated with the adverse event Pyrexia (Fever) as reported the FDA
7250:
7115:
6992:
6819:
3815:
3426:
2797:
1829:
1817:). In species that allow the body to have a wide range of "normal" temperatures, such as
1027:
1000:
926:
799:
751:
694:, where the temperature remains above normal throughout the day and fluctuates more than
643:
276:
5125:
5070:
4937:
4545:
4451:
3777:
2609:
217:
in humans is a symptom of organism's anti-infection defense mechanism that appears with
7394:
7326:
7127:
6947:"Fever Phobia Revisited: Have Parental Misconceptions About Fever Changed in 20 Years?"
6872:
6853:
6829:
6802:
6712:
6669:
6621:
6596:
6557:
6508:
6483:
6464:
6317:
6260:
6235:
6189:
6164:
6140:
6115:
6091:
6064:
5966:
5872:
5839:
5739:
5730:
5714:
5693:
5604:
5579:
5560:
5546:
5497:
5447:
5305:
5270:
5246:
5213:
5189:
5164:
5145:
5089:
5054:
5003:
4978:
4959:
4946:
4921:
4692:
4571:
4557:
4526:
4478:
4435:
4368:
4335:
4269:
3904:
3797:
3741:
3714:
3385:
3358:
3308:
3275:
3209:
3176:
3042:
2825:
2778:
2739:
2618:
2593:
2473:
2425:
2400:
2346:
2241:
1823:
1757:
1633:
1462:
1321:
1163:
1067:
914:
891:
665:
390:
264:
88:
7255:
7161:
7148:
Thomas MB, Blanford S (July 2003). "Thermal biology in insect-parasite interactions".
6236:"Advising patients to increase fluid intake for treating acute respiratory infections"
6032:
6015:
4351:
2766:
599:. Hyperthermia is thus not considered fever. Hyperthermia should not be confused with
7272:
7188:
7119:
7057:
7053:
6966:
6912:
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6783:
6739:
6716:
6704:
6661:
6657:
6626:
6549:
6513:
6456:
6417:
6366:
6322:
6304:
6265:
6194:
6145:
6096:
6045:
6037:
5970:
5958:
5923:
5913:
5876:
5843:
5810:
5779:
5744:
5681:
5671:
5639:
5609:
5564:
5550:
5482:
5451:
5437:
5418:
5396:
5392:
5377:
5357:
5349:
5310:
5292:
5251:
5233:
5194:
5137:
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5035:
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4951:
4902:
4855:
4821:
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4756:
4658:
4610:
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4575:
4561:
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4483:
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4416:
4408:
4373:
4355:
4316:
4308:
4261:
4253:
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4214:
4206:
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4158:
4154:
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4063:
4022:
4012:
3989:
3942:
3896:
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3789:
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3662:
3547:
3524:
3514:
3480:
3439:
3431:
3390:
3313:
3295:
3249:
3245:
3214:
3196:
3157:
3034:
2986:
2958:
2918:
2893:
2858:
2848:
2817:
2770:
2731:
2723:
2658:
2623:
2569:
2533:
2465:
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2309:
2267:
2245:
2233:
2229:
2189:
2134:
2076:
2042:
1982:
1952:
1888:
1833:. Honeybee colonies are also able to induce a fever in response to a fungal parasite
1802:
1798:
1591:
1536:
1391:
1089:
Adult and pediatric manifestations for the same disease may differ; for instance, in
879:
863:
823:
628:
573:
386:
378:
154:
72:
7181:
7131:
6673:
6561:
6468:
5775:
4963:
4696:
4273:
3908:
3801:
2829:
2782:
2743:
2477:
2448:
Dayal R, Agarwal D (January 2016). "Fever in Children and Fever of Unknown Origin".
7157:
7111:
7049:
6958:
6904:
6867:
6824:
6814:
6773:
6696:
6653:
6616:
6612:
6608:
6541:
6503:
6495:
6448:
6407:
6397:
6356:
6312:
6296:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6184:
6176:
6135:
6127:
6086:
6076:
6027:
5950:
5905:
5868:
5835:
5809:. Linköping: Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences.
5771:
5734:
5726:
5599:
5591:
5542:
5492:
5474:
5429:
5388:
5341:
5300:
5282:
5241:
5225:
5184:
5176:
5149:
5129:
5084:
5074:
4998:
4990:
4941:
4894:
4746:
4684:
4655:
Phenylketonuria: an inherited metabolic disorder associated with mental retardation
4553:
4510:
4473:
4455:
4400:
4363:
4347:
4300:
4245:
4198:
4186:
4150:
4053:
3981:
3934:
3886:
3842:
3781:
3736:
3726:
3699:
3470:
3421:
3380:
3370:
3331:
3303:
3287:
3241:
3204:
3188:
3149:
3046:
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2885:
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2301:
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2181:
1942:
1880:
1792:
1553:
1498:
1407:
1330:
1271:
1225:
1217:
996:
843:
783:
777:
730:
635:
596:
336:
268:
7312:
5763:
5762:
Kennedy, Rachel H.; Silver, Rae (2016), Pfaff, Donald W.; Volkow, Nora D. (eds.),
5595:
2010:
7343:
7266:
6700:
6597:"Combined and alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen therapy for febrile children"
6212:
6131:
5954:
5807:
Inflammatory Signaling Across the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Generation of Fever
5632:
5079:
4994:
4849:
4514:
4460:
3926:
3785:
3597:
3168:
2185:
1779:
1753:
1732:
1549:
1431:
930:
691:
581:
272:
257:
129:
5478:
5433:
5271:"Muscle Non-shivering Thermogenesis and Its Role in the Evolution of Endothermy"
5165:"Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: the immune system feels the heat"
3938:
3846:
3153:
2416:
1399:
1096:
In addition, fever can result from a reaction to an incompatible blood product.
7625:
7562:
7277:
6361:
6344:
5269:
Nowack, Julia; Giroud, Sylvain; Arnold, Walter; Ruf, Thomas (9 November 2017).
4898:
4304:
4042:"Dantrolene in the treatment of MDMA-related hyperpyrexia: a systematic review"
3875:"Granulomatous Hepatitis and Persistent Fever of Unknown Origin: A Case Report"
3475:
3458:
3192:
2565:
2529:
2305:
1687:
1594:
by applying numerous ice packs across most of the body or direct submersion in
1583:
1509:
1442:
1305:
1229:
1043:
1031:
988:
414:
6499:
6452:
6180:
6081:
5466:
5345:
5330:"[Hyperthermia and hypothermia. Effects on the cardiovascular system]"
5229:
4717:
4614:
4126:
See section in Chapter 15 therein, the section on "Fever versus hyperthermia".
4058:
4041:
3985:
3873:
Magrath, Melissa; Pearlman, Michelle; Peng, Lan; Lee, William (30 June 2018).
2954:
2719:
2461:
1884:
1679:
1363:). In general, they stimulate chemical responses, often in the presence of an
7619:
7452:
6308:
6041:
5685:
5353:
5296:
5287:
5237:
4469:
4433:
4412:
4404:
4359:
4312:
4257:
4210:
3900:
3860:
3508:
3435:
3299:
3200:
2813:
2727:
1652:
1621:
1520:
1505:
1415:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1360:
1340:
1233:
1082:
950:
895:
887:
862:
due to outside factors. The high temperatures of hyperpyrexia are considered
790:
762:
726:
668:
is present only for a certain period, later cycling back to normal (e.g., in
647:
362:
7240:
6962:
5424:. Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials. Woodhead Publishing. pp.
5329:
4026:
3891:
3874:
2862:
2654:
1228:
both reduces heat loss through the skin and causes the person to feel cold.
7510:
7457:
7447:
7123:
7088:
7061:
6970:
6838:
6787:
6743:
6708:
6665:
6630:
6517:
6460:
6421:
6412:
6370:
6326:
6269:
6198:
6149:
6100:
5962:
5927:
5613:
5361:
5314:
5255:
5198:
5098:
5039:
5012:
4906:
4760:
4751:
4522:
4487:
4420:
4377:
4265:
4162:
4067:
3993:
3793:
3750:
3528:
3484:
3443:
3394:
3317:
3253:
3218:
3161:
3038:
2962:
2897:
2821:
2774:
2735:
2662:
2627:
2573:
2537:
2469:
2434:
2313:
2237:
2193:
1956:
1947:
1930:
1892:
1775:
1587:
1291:
1283:
1213:
1183:
1149:
942:
867:
851:
831:
655:
600:
592:
477:
398:
355:
332:
300:
253:
230:
169:
7336:
6881:
6553:
6545:
6300:
6049:
5748:
5141:
4955:
4791:
4662:
4320:
4218:
3854:
3375:
2914:
Physiotherapy for Respiratory and Cardiac Problems: Adults and Paediatrics
2889:
1469:. According to one mechanism of pyrogen action, an immune system protein,
638:, where temperature remains above normal and does not fluctuate more than
7515:
7482:
7406:
7393:
7296:
7039:
6778:
6761:
6284:
5909:
3731:
1664:
1612:
1599:
1427:
1287:
1264:
1256:
1186:
1004:
720:
703:
549:(rectum/rectal) is at or over 37.5–38.3 °C (99.5–100.9 °F). An
447:
402:
366:
347:
304:
288:
237:
193:
4851:
Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems
4500:
4006:
2172:
Laupland KB (July 2009). "Fever in the critically ill medical patient".
1663:
A number of types of fever were known as early as 460 BC to 370 BC when
7599:
7595:
5984:
3291:
1683:
1620:
is effective in reducing fevers in children. It is more effective than
1478:
1221:
1142:
1130:
Fever is thought to contribute to host defense, as the reproduction of
1039:
972:
827:
546:
394:
316:
292:
184:
81:
6530:
1978:
Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
1711:
1590:, aggressive cooling is required (generally produced mechanically via
1516:. These enzymes ultimately mediate the synthesis and release of PGE2.
1216:. The trigger of a fever, called a pyrogen, results in the release of
615:
7348:
7307:
6402:
6385:
6234:
Guppy MP, Mickan SM, Del Mar CB, Thorning S, Rack A (February 2011).
5670:. Weaver, Casey (9th ed.). New York, NY, USA. pp. 118–119.
4820:(4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
4676:
4141:
McGugan EA (March 2001). "Hyperpyrexia in the emergency department".
3030:
2702:
Harden, L. M.; Kent, S.; Pittman, Q. J.; Roth, J. (1 November 2015).
2216:
Richardson M, Purssell E (September 2015). "Who's afraid of fever?".
2007:"Taking Care of Someone Who is Sick: Caring for Someone Sick at Home"
1741:
1617:
1260:
1156:
1075:
1035:
1020:
938:
406:
343:
284:
189:
97:
7223:
5214:"Hypothalamic and dietary control of temperature-mediated longevity"
5180:
4920:
Kluger MJ, Kozak W, Conn CA, Leon LR, Soszynski D (September 1998).
4688:
3816:"Hodgkin Lymphoma: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology"
3510:
Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations
2266:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 401.
2075:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 375.
7590:
7585:
7569:
7552:
7505:
4033:
2545:
1595:
1501:
pathway. This pathway (as it relates to fever), is mediated by the
1482:
1422:
where they are more easily absorbed than in areas protected by the
1356:
1352:
1131:
1110:
1099:
1090:
1061:
1057:
918:
554:
410:
382:
308:
143:
6062:
5133:
3356:
2373:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 5.
1403:
1304:
Increased heart rate and vasoconstriction contribute to increased
7557:
7547:
7539:
7535:
7520:
4732:
1771:
1668:
1629:
1625:
1364:
1167:
1047:
962:
954:
907:
794:
766:
746:
669:
312:
113:
59:
30:
This article is about the medical condition. For other uses, see
5865:
Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice
5375:
Hagel L, Jagschies G, Sofer G (1 January 2008). "5 - Analysis".
5211:
3174:
2845:
Rosen's emergency medicine : concepts and clinical practice
2798:"A brief review of the history of delirium as a mental disorder"
1263:(muscle movements to produce heat) and release of hormones like
7477:
7235:
5713:
Stefferl A, Hopkins SJ, Rothwell NJ, Luheshi GN (August 1996).
5536:
4735:"Signs and Symptoms of Primary Tooth Eruption: A Meta-analysis"
1720:
1566:
1502:
1190:
1053:
922:
875:
681:
677:
659:
328:
245:
105:
6342:
5712:
4884:
4597:
Cell and tissue destruction: mechanisms, protection, disorders
4184:
3459:"Fever, fever patterns and diseases called 'fever' – a review"
2796:
Adamis D, Treloar A, Martin FC, Macdonald AJ (December 2007).
2291:
7077:""Tips" on camels, for veterinary surgeons on active service"
6760:
Sajadi MM, Bonabi R, Sajadi MR, Mackowiak PA (October 2012).
6383:
6065:"The neurological and cognitive consequences of hyperthermia"
1818:
1806:
1749:
1728:
1692:
1532:
1473:(LBP), binds to LPS, and the LBP–LPS complex then binds to a
966:
139:
117:
6434:
6343:
Perrott DA, Piira T, Goodenough B, Champion GD (June 2004).
6113:
5665:
5580:"The history of fever, leukocytic pyrogen and interleukin-1"
4976:
4390:
4077:
2847:(6th ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier. p. 2239.
2795:
2133:. Vol. 1–2 (20th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
7497:
6759:
4231:
3231:
1474:
1297:
In infants, the autonomic nervous system may also activate
1071:
241:
101:
6435:
Southey ER, Soares-Weiser K, Kleijnen J (September 2009).
6233:
5829:
4841:
4290:
3763:
2875:
1461:
An example of a class of exogenous pyrogens are bacterial
6594:
5052:
4854:(6th ed.). Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier-Health Sciences.
4007:
Rolston, Kenneth VI; Rubenstein, Edward B., eds. (2001).
3187:(4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 1071–1083.
3016:
934:
550:
5985:"What To Do If You Get Sick: 2009 H1N1 and Seasonal Flu"
3920:
3918:
1182:
status of the patient and other factors. Studies using
745:
Quotidian fever, with a 24-hour periodicity, typical of
737:
a step-wise increase in temperature with a high plateau.
179:
Based on underlying cause, not required for fever itself
6993:"Lifting a Veil of Fear to See a Few Benefits of Fever"
6944:
4979:"Antipyretic Therapy in Critically Ill Septic Patients"
3933:, Tarporley: Springer Healthcare Ltd., pp. 13–26,
3715:"Human Infections and Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi"
2756:
2640:
1981:(7th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 498.
1527:(EP3). EP3-expressing neurons in the POA innervate the
712:
is a cyclic fever that is rarely seen in patients with
4847:
4652:
3879:
Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Digestive Disorders
3872:
1240:, and muscle contraction through shivering raises the
793:, with a 72-hour periodicity, typical of later course
765:, with a 48-hour periodicity, typical of later course
5638:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders.
5634:
Medical Physiology: A Cellular and Molecular Approach
5465:
El-Radhi, A. Sahib (2018), El-Radhi, A. Sahib (ed.),
5268:
4722:. National Center for Biotechnology Information (US).
3915:
2701:
2126:
1251:
or primary motor center for shivering. These may be:
1196:
870:), or to death. A common cause of hyperpyrexia is an
846:
which, depending upon the source, is classified as a
7213:
7187:(3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders College.
5053:
Rumbus, Z; Matics, R; Hegyi, P; et al. (2017).
4040:
Grunau BE, Wiens MO, Brubacher JR (September 2010).
4039:
3542:
Inayatullah, Muhammad; Nasir, Shabbir Ahmed (2016).
3140:
Barone JE (August 2009). "Fever: Fact and fiction".
2940:
2551:
1398:-α and macrophage inflammatory protein-β as well as
6163:Meremikwu M, Oyo-Ita A (2003). Meremikwu MM (ed.).
6014:Klein, Natalie C.; Cunha, Burke A. (1 March 1996).
5420:
Biocompatibility and Performance of Medical Devices
5374:
4919:
4546:"Cell and Tissue Destruction in Selected Disorders"
3968:White, Lindsey; Ybarra, Michael (1 December 2017).
3696:
Bedside Techniques: Methods of Clinical Examination
3544:
Bedside Techniques: Methods of Clinical Examination
7180:
5631:
5473:, Cham: Springer International Publishing: 53–68,
5162:
4816:Fundamentals of Nursing: Human Health and Function
4813:
4629:"Signs and Symptoms of Cancer | Do I Have Cancer?"
4334:Feldmann, Heinz; Geisbert, Thomas W (March 2011).
2215:
874:. Other causes in emergency room settings include
6807:Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease
6165:"Physical methods for treating fever in children"
5867:(3rd ed.). W.B. Saunders. pp. 925–938.
5834:(5th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1241–1254.e4.
5541:(11th ed.). W.B. Saunders. pp. 43–112.
5518:Affairs, Office of Regulatory (3 November 2018).
3659:Ferri's Color Atlas and Text of Clinical Medicine
3280:Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal
2985:(1st ed.). Elsevier. pp. 175–177, 485.
1752:) is the personification of fever and disease in
492:>40.0 or 41.0 °C (104.0 or 105.8 °F)
409:, commonly called "fever dreams". Mild to severe
327:, side effects of medication or vaccination, and
7617:
6940:
6938:
6936:
6934:
6481:
6349:Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
6162:
4970:
4777:
4333:
4090:(1st ed.). Elsevier. pp. 175–77, 485.
3546:(4th ed.). Paramount Books (Pvt.) Limited.
3541:
2677:"Fever: Symptoms, treatments, types, and causes"
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
482:>37.5 or 38.3 °C (99.5 or 100.9 °F)
472:>37.5 or 38.3 °C (99.5 or 100.9 °F)
7178:
6945:Crocetti M, Moghbeli N, Serwint J (June 2001).
6686:
5940:
5025:
4594:
3693:
2368:
2261:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2066:
1974:
1870:
1301:to produce heat (non-shivering thermogenesis).
1176:
7147:
7143:
7141:
6801:Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Abel, Laurent (2021).
6755:
6753:
5764:"Neuroimmune Signaling: Cytokines and the CNS"
4169:
3712:
3408:Beard, Robin M.; Day, Michael W. (June 2008).
3274:Garami, András; Székely, Miklós (6 May 2014).
2371:An introduction to clinical emergency medicine
2264:An introduction to clinical emergency medicine
2073:An introduction to clinical emergency medicine
1928:
1667:was practicing medicine including that due to
1193:, fever is associated with reduced mortality.
417:) may also present itself during high fevers.
7379:
6931:
6637:
6475:
6428:
6377:
6227:
6063:Edward James Walter; Mike Carraretto (2016).
5977:
5862:
5761:
5163:Evans SS, Repasky EA, Fisher DT (June 2015).
4807:
4805:
4803:
4801:
3661:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 1159ff.
3648:
3646:
3644:
3273:
2704:"Fever and sickness behavior: Friend or foe?"
2062:
2060:
2058:
1735:. People with fevers would visit her temples.
517:
236:The increase in set point triggers increased
225:due to an increase in the body's temperature
6990:
6859:Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
6800:
6729:
6590:
6588:
6524:
6484:"Paracetamol for treating fever in children"
5895:
5156:
4848:Lewis SM, Dirksen SR, Heitkemper MM (2005).
4811:
4494:
3974:Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America
3833:Hilson AJ (July 1995). "Pel-Ebstein fever".
3506:
3225:
2869:
2447:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2089:
7138:
6750:
6601:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6488:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6338:
6336:
6240:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6169:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
6020:Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
5629:
5625:
5623:
4913:
3967:
3332:"Body temperature: What is the new normal?"
2910:
2542:Abstract alone is in German and in English.
2038:Fever: Its Biology, Evolution, and Function
1924:
1922:
961:, as well as infections of the skin, e.g.,
7386:
7372:
6013:
5989:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
5698:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4926:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
4798:
3924:
3641:
3116:"Tips for taking your child's temperature"
2511:
2509:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2257:
2255:
2130:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
2055:
2041:. Princeton University Press. p. 57.
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1414:(TNF) also acts as a pyrogen, mediated by
1386:(IL-6). Minor endogenous pyrogens include
524:
510:
58:
7332:US National Institute of Health factsheet
7327:Fever and Taking Your Child's Temperature
6871:
6828:
6818:
6777:
6620:
6585:
6534:European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
6507:
6411:
6401:
6360:
6316:
6259:
6188:
6139:
6090:
6080:
6031:
5804:
5770:, New York, NY: Springer, pp. 1–41,
5738:
5603:
5577:
5496:
5383:(2nd ed.). Academic Press. pp.
5304:
5286:
5245:
5188:
5088:
5078:
5002:
4945:
4780:Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift
4778:Fischler MP, Reinhart WH (May 1997). "".
4750:
4477:
4459:
4367:
4083:
4057:
3890:
3740:
3730:
3713:Singh, B.; Daneshvar, C. (1 April 2013).
3474:
3425:
3384:
3374:
3307:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3208:
3010:
2617:
2515:
2424:
2357:
2340:
2329:"Fever Can Be A Symptom of Many Diseases"
2287:
2285:
2283:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1946:
1610:Medications that lower fevers are called
901:
6901:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics
6723:
6333:
6282:
5620:
5464:
5111:
4771:
4719:Blood transfusions and the immune system
3652:
3407:
2171:
2030:
2028:
1710:
1577:
1109:
842:Hyperpyrexia is an extreme elevation of
614:
557:(temporal) temperature may also be used.
7003:from the original on 29 September 2015.
6909:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2651
6578:British National Formulary for Children
6056:
5517:
5327:
4880:
4878:
4543:
4140:
4136:
4134:
4132:
3702:: Saira Publishers/Salamat Iqbal Press.
3234:Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences
3133:
2917:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 8.
2506:
2387:
2326:
2252:
1931:"Fever and antipyretic use in children"
1899:
1628:in children with fevers. Additionally,
1343:and cause rapid and dangerous fevers.
1270:Prevention of heat loss, e.g., through
1255:Increased heat production by increased
14:
7618:
7101:
6894:
6851:
5415:
4767:from the original on 21 February 2016.
4280:from the original on 22 February 2022.
4046:Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine
3832:
3513:(3rd ed.). Boston: Butterworths.
3463:Journal of Infection and Public Health
3456:
3260:
3139:
2978:
2405:Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
2369:Garmel GM, Mahadevan SV, eds. (2012).
2280:
2262:Garmel GM, Mahadevan SV, eds. (2012).
2200:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2067:Garmel GM, Mahadevan SV, eds. (2012).
2034:
1995:
1963:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1701:
372:
27:Raised body temperature due to disease
7367:
7104:Tropical Animal Health and Production
7074:
6762:"Akhawayni and the first fever curve"
5666:Murphy, Kenneth (Kenneth M.) (2017).
4104:from the original on 8 September 2017
2836:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2025:
1929:Sullivan JE, Farrar HC (March 2011).
1797:Fever is an important metric for the
1056:, particularly blood cancers such as
619:Different fever patterns observed in
462:36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F)
146:, increase in the body's temperature
6820:10.1146/annurev-pathol-031920-101429
6643:
6441:Current Medical Research and Opinion
5995:from the original on 3 November 2009
5471:Clinical Manual of Fever in Children
4875:
4715:
4129:
3627:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
3602:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
3427:10.1097/01.NURSE.0000320353.79079.a5
2842:
1369:damage associated molecular patterns
1081:Inherited metabolic disorder, e.g.,
6852:Straus, Bernard (September 1970) .
6223:from the original on 30 April 2016.
5019:
3927:"Prevention of Febrile Neutropenia"
3835:The New England Journal of Medicine
3655:"Chapter 332. Protozoal infections"
3568:"African Trypanosomiasis - Disease"
2878:The New England Journal of Medicine
2610:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.12.28
2591:
2154:
1847:
1026:Tissue destruction, as a result of
856:thermoregulatory system's set point
834:than in apparently healthy people.
24:
7172:
7116:10.1023/b:trop.0000035006.37928.cf
7042:The American Journal of Physiology
6283:El-Radhi, A. S. (1 October 2000).
5873:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3935-5.00130-0
5840:10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00128-1
5731:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15625.x
5547:10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00004-8
5379:Handbook of Process Chromatography
4947:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08329.x
4595:Arnhold, Jürgen (28 August 2019).
4558:10.1016/b978-0-12-816388-7.00009-7
2580:
2333:Journal of Medicine and HealthCare
1471:lipopolysaccharide-binding protein
1465:(LPS) present in the cell wall of
1197:Pathophysiology of fever induction
1125:
377:A fever is usually accompanied by
53:Pyrexia, febrile response, febrile
25:
7642:
7209:
7150:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
6895:Scheid, John (22 December 2015),
3578:from the original on 18 July 2021
2594:"Fever: suppress or let it ride?"
2502:from the original on 11 May 2009.
2327:Franjić, Siniša (31 March 2019).
1434:, resulting in activation of the
487:
7095:
7068:
7054:10.1152/ajplegacy.1956.188.1.103
7033:
7007:
6991:Klass, Perri (10 January 2011).
6984:
6888:
6845:
6794:
6680:
6658:10.1136/archdischild-2013-304497
6646:Archives of Disease in Childhood
6568:
6289:Archives of Disease in Childhood
6276:
6205:
6156:
6107:
6007:
5934:
5889:
5856:
5823:
5798:
5768:Neuroscience in the 21st Century
5393:10.1016/b978-012374023-6.50007-5
4250:10.1097/00002030-200105040-00010
4203:10.1097/00002030-199301000-00012
4155:10.1046/j.1442-2026.2001.00189.x
3675:from the original on 3 June 2016
3246:10.1046/j.1471-6712.2002.00069.x
3086:"Measuring a Baby's Temperature"
2592:Ray, Juliet J. (December 2015).
2230:10.1136/archdischild-2014-307483
2218:Archives of Disease in Childhood
1786:
1651:Fever is one of the most common
1449:and increases body temperature.
1430:on vessel walls to receptors on
1212:Temperature is regulated in the
985:granulomatosis with polyangiitis
361:Fever is one of the most common
315:. Non-infectious causes include
7355:Why are We So Afraid of Fevers?
6482:Meremikwu M, Oyo-Ita A (2002).
5776:10.1007/978-1-4614-6434-1_174-1
5755:
5719:British Journal of Pharmacology
5706:
5659:
5571:
5530:
5511:
5458:
5409:
5368:
5321:
5262:
5205:
5105:
5046:
4726:
4709:
4669:
4653:Centerwall, Willard R. (1965).
4646:
4621:
4588:
4537:
4427:
4384:
4327:
4284:
4225:
4178:
4120:
4009:Textbook of febrile neutropenia
4000:
3961:
3866:
3826:
3808:
3757:
3706:
3687:
3623:"Enteric Fever (Typhoid Fever)"
3615:
3590:
3560:
3535:
3500:
3491:
3450:
3401:
3350:
3324:
3181:Internal and Emergency Medicine
3108:
3078:
3053:
2972:
2934:
2904:
2789:
2750:
2695:
2669:
2634:
2484:
2441:
2320:
1646:
1492:
1396:macrophage inflammatory protein
1207:
837:
587:
452:<35.0 °C (95.0 °F)
354:or people with other symptoms.
256:. Rarely a fever may trigger a
7081:The British Veterinary Journal
7017:. equusite.com. Archived from
6613:10.1002/14651858.CD009572.pub2
6252:10.1002/14651858.CD004419.pub3
5578:Dinarello CA (31 March 2015).
5328:Deussen, A. (September 2007).
4552:, Elsevier, pp. 249–287,
4293:Journal of Infectious Diseases
3694:Muhammad I, Nasir, SA (2009).
1809:is said to have a fever above
1731:) is the goddess of fever in
1605:
1447:cyclic adenosine monophosphate
1378:Major endogenous pyrogens are
884:neuroleptic malignant syndrome
603:(which is a very high fever).
263:A fever can be caused by many
13:
1:
7162:10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00069-7
6285:"Physical treatment of fever"
6033:10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70295-6
5832:Fetal and Neonatal Physiology
5596:10.1080/23328940.2015.1017086
4812:Craven RF, Hirnle CJ (2003).
4352:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60667-8
3719:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
3061:"Fever - Symptoms and causes"
2767:10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00077-6
2759:Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
2708:Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
1840:
1764:
1559:
1426:. The cytokines then bind to
1346:
1017:lymphoproliferative disorders
6854:"Defunct and Dying Diseases"
6766:Clinical Infectious Diseases
6701:10.12968/bjon.2019.28.10.610
6390:Health Technology Assessment
6217:National Institute of Health
6132:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002285
5955:10.12968/bjon.2019.28.10.610
5080:10.1371/journal.pone.0170152
4995:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002285
4515:10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.01.001
4461:10.1371/journal.pone.0238496
4087:Neurobiology of Hyperthermia
3925:Klastersky, Jean A. (2014),
3863:'s lecture, "Making Sense" .
3786:10.1126/science.149.3686.865
2982:Neurobiology of Hyperthermia
2911:Pryor JA, Prasad AS (2008).
2450:Indian Journal of Pediatrics
2186:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181aa6117
1706:
1497:PGE2 release comes from the
1452:
1177:Advantages and disadvantages
947:rocky mountain spotted fever
910:of many medical conditions:
420:
267:ranging from non-serious to
7:
6903:, Oxford University Press,
6732:Emergency Medicine Practice
6396:(27): iii–iv, ix–x, 1–163.
5479:10.1007/978-3-319-92336-9_3
5434:10.1533/9780857096456.4.404
4550:Cell and Tissue Destruction
4187:"Q fever and HIV infection"
3939:10.1007/978-1-907673-70-2_2
3847:10.1056/NEJM199507063330118
3363:Annals of Thoracic Medicine
3154:10.1097/TA.0b013e3181a5f335
3019:Annals of Internal Medicine
2761:. 17 Suppl 1 (1): S112–18.
2598:Journal of Thoracic Disease
2417:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623
2005:CDC Staff (31 March 2020).
1803:disease in domestic animals
1311:
1105:
993:inflammatory bowel diseases
10:
7647:
6689:British Journal of Nursing
6575:"2.9 Antiplatelet drugs".
6362:10.1001/archpedi.158.6.521
5520:"Pyrogens, Still a Danger"
5169:Nature Reviews. Immunology
4922:"Role of fever in disease"
4899:10.1016/j.aucc.2012.10.004
4683:, Qeios, 7 February 2020,
4336:"Ebola haemorrhagic fever"
3476:10.1016/j.jiph.2011.05.002
3193:10.1007/s11739-020-02556-0
2566:10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.09.009
2530:10.1024/0040-5930.63.3.185
2306:10.1016/j.aucc.2012.10.004
1790:
1658:
1525:prostaglandin E receptor 3
1203:Thermoregulation in humans
1200:
442:(rectal, esophageal, etc.)
428:Temperature classification
29:
7578:
7534:
7495:
7466:
7414:
7405:
7287:
7217:
6500:10.1002/14651858.CD003676
6453:10.1185/03007990903116255
6181:10.1002/14651858.CD004264
6082:10.1186/s13054-016-1376-4
5346:10.1007/s00101-007-1219-4
5230:10.1016/j.arr.2009.07.004
4059:10.1017/s1481803500012598
3986:10.1016/j.hoc.2017.08.004
2955:10.1017/s1481803500012598
2720:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.012
2462:10.1007/s12098-015-1724-4
1885:10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.005
1514:prostaglandin E2 synthase
1102:is not a cause of fever.
733:showing a characteristic
352:compromised immune system
325:connective tissue disease
200:
183:
175:
163:
153:
135:
123:
87:
71:
66:
57:
49:
44:
5898:Comprehensive Physiology
5805:Eskilsson, Anna (2020).
5288:10.3389/fphys.2017.00889
4887:Australian Critical Care
4544:Arnhold, Jürgen (2020),
4405:10.1016/j.pt.2011.06.004
4305:10.1093/infdis/142.3.372
3996:– via ClinicalKey.
3457:Ogoina D (August 2011).
3410:"Fever and Hyperthermia"
3336:www.medicalnewstoday.com
2814:10.1177/0957154X07076467
2681:www.medicalnewstoday.com
2554:Journal of Critical Care
2342:10.47363/jmhc/2021(3)146
2294:Australian Critical Care
1975:Huether, Sue E. (2014).
1535:pallidus nucleus in the
1529:dorsomedial hypothalamus
1487:arachidonic acid pathway
1436:arachidonic acid pathway
1420:circumventricular organs
1351:Endogenous pyrogens are
1249:autonomic nervous system
977:relapsing polychondritis
719:Undulant fever, seen in
610:
297:urinary tract infections
240:and causes a feeling of
6963:10.1542/peds.107.6.1241
6738:(1): 1–28, quiz 28–29.
5668:Janeway's immunobiology
5467:"Pathogenesis of Fever"
5275:Frontiers in Physiology
5218:Ageing Research Reviews
4084:Sharma HS, ed. (2007).
3892:10.33425/2639-9334.1009
3090:www.hopkinsmedicine.org
2979:Sharma HS, ed. (2007).
2655:10.1542/peds.107.6.1241
1541:paraventricular nucleus
1412:Tumor necrosis factor-α
1392:tumor necrosis factor-β
1359:(which are part of the
872:intracranial hemorrhage
820:fever of unknown origin
686:African trypanosomiasis
7075:Leese A (March 1917).
7015:"Equusite Vital Signs"
6120:Critical Care Medicine
4983:Critical Care Medicine
4752:10.1542/peds.2015-3501
4393:Trends in Parasitology
3598:"Brucella/Brucellosis"
2518:Therapeutische Umschau
2174:Critical Care Medicine
1948:10.1542/peds.2010-3852
1716:
1696:respiratory infections
1467:gram-negative bacteria
1326:Gram-negative bacteria
1141:increased mobility of
1122:
902:Differential diagnosis
700:infective endocarditis
698:in 24 hours (e.g., in
652:infective endocarditis
624:
413:(which can also cause
165:Differential diagnosis
32:Fever (disambiguation)
6546:10.1007/s002280050215
6301:10.1136/adc.83.4.369c
4175:Marx (2006), p. 2506.
3376:10.4103/atm.atm_52_22
3142:The Journal of Trauma
2890:10.1056/NEJMoa0706930
2802:History of Psychiatry
1714:
1578:Conservative measures
1428:endothelial receptors
1113:
848:core body temperature
642:in 24 hours (e.g. in
618:
7397:that are general or
7342:9 March 2012 at the
6016:"Treatment of Fever"
5910:10.1002/cphy.c130033
4716:Dean, Laura (2005).
4677:"Metabolic Disorder"
4599:. Elsevier Science.
3732:10.1128/CMR.00079-12
1373:rheumatoid arthritis
1299:brown adipose tissue
1282:This contrasts with
1238:brown adipose tissue
1013:rheumatoid arthritis
981:autoimmune hepatitis
735:step-ladder pattern,
381:, which consists of
358:requires treatment.
321:deep vein thrombosis
281:parasitic infections
5539:Veterinary Medicine
5126:1998Natur.395..281U
5071:2017PLoSO..1270152R
4938:1998NYASA.856..224K
4452:2020PLoSO..1538496C
3970:"Neutropenic Fever"
3931:Febrile Neutropenia
3778:1965Sci...149..865C
2808:(72 Pt 4): 459–69.
2180:(7 Suppl): S273-8.
1830:Metarhizium acridum
1702:Society and culture
1531:(DMH), the rostral
1463:lipopolysaccharides
1424:blood–brain barrier
1371:such as cases like
1322:lipopolysaccharides
1148:enhanced leukocyte
1068:Metabolic disorders
1001:lupus erythematosus
864:medical emergencies
752:Plasmodium knowlesi
644:bacterial pneumonia
545:Temperature in the
538:normal temperatures
373:Associated symptoms
252:, and may begin to
238:muscle contractions
7631:Symptoms and signs
7395:Signs and symptoms
7359:The New York Times
7288:External resources
6997:The New York Times
6779:10.1093/cid/cis596
4503:Joint, Bone, Spine
4143:Emergency Medicine
3822:. 9 November 2021.
3292:10.4161/temp.29060
3276:"Body temperature"
3096:on 3 November 2019
2498:. 30 August 2014.
2035:Kluger MJ (2015).
1879:(2): 585–603, xi.
1873:Neurologic Clinics
1824:Beauveria bassiana
1758:Buddhist mythology
1717:
1616:. The antipyretic
1523:(POA) through the
1324:(LPS) produced by
1123:
951:secondary syphilis
915:Infectious disease
906:Fever is a common
892:serotonin syndrome
809:Hodgkin's lymphoma
714:Hodgkin's lymphoma
666:Intermittent fever
625:
331:. It differs from
265:medical conditions
78:Infectious disease
7613:
7612:
7605:Flu-like symptoms
7491:
7490:
7431:of unknown origin
7322:
7321:
7087:: 81 – via
6918:978-0-19-938113-5
5882:978-0-7020-3935-5
5849:978-0-323-35214-7
5816:978-91-7929-936-1
5785:978-1-4614-6434-1
5677:978-0-8153-4505-3
5556:978-0-7020-5246-0
5488:978-3-319-92336-9
5443:978-0-85709-070-6
5402:978-0-12-374023-6
5120:(6699): 281–284.
4606:978-0-12-816388-7
4346:(9768): 849–862.
4018:978-1-84184-033-8
4011:. Martin Dunitz.
3948:978-1-907673-69-6
3653:Ferri FF (2009).
3574:. 28 April 2020.
3553:978-969-494-920-8
3338:. 12 January 2020
2854:978-0-323-02845-5
2604:(12): E633–E636.
2069:"Fever in adults"
1640:serious illness.
1537:medulla oblongata
1028:cerebral bleeding
880:Kawasaki syndrome
824:neutropenic fever
813:Pel–Ebstein fever
710:Pel–Ebstein fever
629:medical diagnosis
534:
533:
496:
495:
379:sickness behavior
208:
207:
155:Diagnostic method
67:Person with fever
39:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
7638:
7471:
7419:
7412:
7411:
7388:
7381:
7374:
7365:
7364:
7215:
7214:
7205:
7203:
7201:
7186:
7183:Human Physiology
7166:
7165:
7145:
7136:
7135:
7099:
7093:
7092:
7072:
7066:
7065:
7037:
7031:
7030:
7028:
7026:
7021:on 26 March 2010
7011:
7005:
7004:
6988:
6982:
6981:
6979:
6977:
6957:(6): 1241–1246.
6942:
6929:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6892:
6886:
6885:
6875:
6849:
6843:
6842:
6832:
6822:
6798:
6792:
6791:
6781:
6757:
6748:
6747:
6727:
6721:
6720:
6684:
6678:
6677:
6641:
6635:
6634:
6624:
6607:(10): CD009572.
6592:
6583:
6582:
6572:
6566:
6565:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6511:
6479:
6473:
6472:
6432:
6426:
6425:
6415:
6405:
6403:10.3310/hta13270
6381:
6375:
6374:
6364:
6340:
6331:
6330:
6320:
6280:
6274:
6273:
6263:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6209:
6203:
6202:
6192:
6160:
6154:
6153:
6143:
6111:
6105:
6104:
6094:
6084:
6060:
6054:
6053:
6035:
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5938:
5932:
5931:
5893:
5887:
5886:
5860:
5854:
5853:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5802:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5759:
5753:
5752:
5742:
5710:
5704:
5703:
5697:
5689:
5663:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5637:
5627:
5618:
5617:
5607:
5575:
5569:
5568:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5500:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5423:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5382:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5334:Der Anaesthesist
5325:
5319:
5318:
5308:
5290:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5249:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5192:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5109:
5103:
5102:
5092:
5082:
5050:
5044:
5043:
5023:
5017:
5016:
5006:
4974:
4968:
4967:
4949:
4917:
4911:
4910:
4882:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4819:
4809:
4796:
4795:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4754:
4745:(3): e20153501.
4730:
4724:
4723:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4481:
4463:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4371:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4182:
4176:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4138:
4127:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4061:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3922:
3913:
3912:
3894:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3744:
3734:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3700:Multan, Pakistan
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3650:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3629:. 27 August 2020
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3478:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3429:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3388:
3378:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3311:
3271:
3258:
3257:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3212:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3092:. Archived from
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3031:10.7326/M15-1150
3014:
3008:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2649:(6): 1241–1246.
2638:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2589:
2578:
2577:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2513:
2504:
2503:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2428:
2396:
2385:
2384:
2366:
2355:
2354:
2344:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2289:
2278:
2277:
2259:
2250:
2249:
2213:
2198:
2197:
2169:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2124:
2087:
2086:
2064:
2053:
2052:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2013:on 24 March 2015
2009:. Archived from
2002:
1993:
1992:
1972:
1961:
1960:
1950:
1926:
1897:
1896:
1868:
1835:Ascosphaera apis
1816:
1812:
1793:Thermoregulation
1780:febrile seizures
1554:endocrine organs
1539:(rRPa), and the
1510:cyclooxygenase-2
1506:phospholipase A2
1499:arachidonic acid
1432:microglial cells
1272:vasoconstriction
1226:vasoconstriction
1218:prostaglandin E2
997:Kawasaki disease
975:diseases, e.g.,
844:body temperature
731:continuous fever
697:
641:
636:Continuous fever
526:
519:
512:
434:
433:
425:
424:
391:loss of appetite
367:treating a fever
271:. This includes
269:life-threatening
219:body temperature
62:
42:
41:
21:
7646:
7645:
7641:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7616:
7615:
7614:
7609:
7574:
7530:
7487:
7467:
7462:
7415:
7401:
7392:
7344:Wayback Machine
7323:
7318:
7317:
7283:
7282:
7226:
7212:
7199:
7197:
7195:
7175:
7173:Further reading
7170:
7169:
7146:
7139:
7100:
7096:
7073:
7069:
7038:
7034:
7024:
7022:
7013:
7012:
7008:
6989:
6985:
6975:
6973:
6943:
6932:
6923:
6921:
6919:
6893:
6889:
6850:
6846:
6799:
6795:
6758:
6751:
6728:
6724:
6695:(10): 610–618.
6685:
6681:
6642:
6638:
6593:
6586:
6574:
6573:
6569:
6529:
6525:
6494:(2): CD003676.
6480:
6476:
6433:
6429:
6382:
6378:
6341:
6334:
6295:(4): 369c–369.
6281:
6277:
6246:(2): CD004419.
6232:
6228:
6211:
6210:
6206:
6175:(2): CD004264.
6161:
6157:
6112:
6108:
6061:
6057:
6012:
6008:
5998:
5996:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5949:(10): 610–618.
5939:
5935:
5920:
5904:(4): 1563–604.
5894:
5890:
5883:
5861:
5857:
5850:
5828:
5824:
5817:
5803:
5799:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5760:
5756:
5711:
5707:
5691:
5690:
5678:
5664:
5660:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5628:
5621:
5576:
5572:
5557:
5535:
5531:
5516:
5512:
5503:
5501:
5489:
5463:
5459:
5444:
5414:
5410:
5403:
5373:
5369:
5326:
5322:
5267:
5263:
5210:
5206:
5181:10.1038/nri3843
5161:
5157:
5110:
5106:
5065:(1): e0170152.
5051:
5047:
5024:
5020:
4975:
4971:
4918:
4914:
4883:
4876:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4846:
4842:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4810:
4799:
4776:
4772:
4731:
4727:
4714:
4710:
4701:
4699:
4689:10.32388/7344b1
4675:
4674:
4670:
4651:
4647:
4637:
4635:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4607:
4593:
4589:
4580:
4578:
4568:
4542:
4538:
4499:
4495:
4446:(9): e0238496.
4432:
4428:
4399:(10): 442–449.
4389:
4385:
4332:
4328:
4289:
4285:
4230:
4226:
4183:
4179:
4174:
4170:
4139:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4107:
4105:
4098:
4082:
4078:
4038:
4034:
4019:
4005:
4001:
3966:
3962:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3923:
3916:
3871:
3867:
3831:
3827:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3762:
3758:
3711:
3707:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3669:
3651:
3642:
3632:
3630:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3540:
3536:
3521:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3455:
3451:
3406:
3402:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3272:
3261:
3230:
3226:
3173:
3169:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3097:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3015:
3011:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2977:
2973:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2909:
2905:
2884:(23): 2447–56.
2874:
2870:
2855:
2843:Marx J (2006).
2841:
2837:
2794:
2790:
2755:
2751:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2639:
2635:
2590:
2581:
2550:
2546:
2514:
2507:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2446:
2442:
2397:
2388:
2381:
2367:
2358:
2325:
2321:
2290:
2281:
2274:
2260:
2253:
2214:
2201:
2170:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2125:
2090:
2083:
2065:
2056:
2049:
2033:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1973:
1964:
1927:
1900:
1869:
1848:
1843:
1814:
1810:
1795:
1789:
1767:
1733:Roman mythology
1709:
1704:
1678:An older term,
1661:
1649:
1634:Reye's syndrome
1608:
1580:
1562:
1550:pituitary gland
1495:
1455:
1349:
1314:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1179:
1128:
1126:Immune function
1119:
1116:
1108:
1009:Still's disease
931:gastroenteritis
904:
840:
695:
692:Remittent fever
639:
613:
590:
582:medically frail
567:In adults, the
530:
423:
375:
258:febrile seizure
196:(acetaminophen)
130:Febrile seizure
108:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7644:
7634:
7633:
7628:
7611:
7610:
7608:
7607:
7602:
7593:
7588:
7582:
7580:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7572:
7567:
7566:
7565:
7555:
7550:
7544:
7542:
7532:
7531:
7529:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7502:
7500:
7493:
7492:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7474:
7472:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7444:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7422:
7420:
7409:
7403:
7402:
7399:constitutional
7391:
7390:
7383:
7376:
7368:
7362:
7361:
7352:
7351:at MedlinePlus
7346:
7334:
7329:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7304:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7285:
7284:
7281:
7280:
7269:
7258:
7243:
7227:
7222:
7221:
7219:
7218:Classification
7211:
7210:External links
7208:
7207:
7206:
7193:
7174:
7171:
7168:
7167:
7137:
7094:
7067:
7032:
7006:
6983:
6930:
6917:
6887:
6866:(9): 686–706.
6844:
6793:
6749:
6722:
6679:
6636:
6584:
6567:
6523:
6474:
6447:(9): 2207–22.
6427:
6376:
6332:
6275:
6226:
6204:
6155:
6106:
6055:
6026:(1): 211–216.
6006:
5991:. 7 May 2009.
5976:
5933:
5918:
5888:
5881:
5855:
5848:
5822:
5815:
5797:
5784:
5754:
5725:(8): 1919–24.
5705:
5676:
5658:
5644:
5619:
5570:
5555:
5529:
5510:
5487:
5457:
5442:
5408:
5401:
5367:
5340:(9): 907–911.
5320:
5261:
5204:
5155:
5104:
5045:
5018:
4989:(5): 806–813.
4969:
4912:
4874:
4860:
4840:
4826:
4797:
4786:(20): 864–70.
4770:
4725:
4708:
4668:
4645:
4633:www.cancer.org
4620:
4605:
4587:
4566:
4536:
4493:
4426:
4383:
4326:
4299:(3): 372–376.
4283:
4244:(7): 899–906.
4224:
4177:
4168:
4128:
4119:
4097:978-0080549996
4096:
4076:
4032:
4017:
3999:
3980:(6): 981–993.
3960:
3947:
3914:
3865:
3859:, which cites
3825:
3807:
3756:
3725:(2): 165–184.
3705:
3686:
3667:
3640:
3614:
3589:
3559:
3552:
3534:
3519:
3499:
3490:
3449:
3400:
3369:(3): 159–165.
3349:
3323:
3259:
3224:
3167:
3132:
3107:
3077:
3052:
3025:(10): 768–77.
3009:
2991:
2971:
2933:
2924:978-0702039744
2923:
2903:
2868:
2853:
2835:
2788:
2749:
2694:
2668:
2633:
2579:
2544:
2505:
2483:
2440:
2386:
2380:978-0521747769
2379:
2356:
2319:
2279:
2273:978-0521747769
2272:
2251:
2199:
2153:
2139:
2088:
2082:978-0521747769
2081:
2054:
2048:978-1400869831
2047:
2024:
1994:
1988:978-0323293754
1987:
1962:
1898:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1791:Main article:
1788:
1785:
1774:rather than a
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1739:
1736:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1660:
1657:
1648:
1645:
1607:
1604:
1602:is not known.
1579:
1576:
1561:
1558:
1494:
1491:
1477:receptor on a
1454:
1451:
1443:cyclooxygenase
1382:(α and β) and
1355:released from
1348:
1345:
1313:
1310:
1306:blood pressure
1276:
1275:
1268:
1242:metabolic rate
1230:Norepinephrine
1209:
1206:
1198:
1195:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1127:
1124:
1107:
1104:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1065:
1051:
1044:rhabdomyolysis
1032:crush syndrome
1024:
989:Horton disease
970:
903:
900:
854:in that one's
839:
836:
805:
804:
788:
760:
739:
738:
724:
717:
707:
689:
663:
612:
609:
589:
586:
565:
564:
561:
558:
553:(tympanic) or
532:
531:
529:
528:
521:
514:
506:
503:
502:
498:
497:
494:
493:
490:
484:
483:
480:
474:
473:
470:
464:
463:
460:
454:
453:
450:
444:
443:
437:
430:
429:
422:
419:
415:hallucinations
374:
371:
221:exceeding the
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
187:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
167:
161:
160:
157:
151:
150:
137:
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
91:
85:
84:
75:
69:
68:
64:
63:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7643:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7623:
7621:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7583:
7581:
7579:Miscellaneous
7577:
7571:
7568:
7564:
7561:
7560:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7543:
7541:
7537:
7533:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7499:
7494:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7465:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7453:Hyperhidrosis
7451:
7449:
7446:
7442:
7441:postoperative
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7428:
7427:
7424:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7404:
7400:
7396:
7389:
7384:
7382:
7377:
7375:
7370:
7369:
7366:
7360:
7356:
7353:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7341:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7324:
7314:
7310:
7309:
7305:
7303:
7299:
7298:
7294:
7293:
7290:
7286:
7279:
7275:
7274:
7270:
7268:
7264:
7263:
7259:
7257:
7253:
7252:
7248:
7244:
7242:
7238:
7237:
7233:
7229:
7228:
7225:
7220:
7216:
7196:
7194:9780030051593
7190:
7185:
7184:
7177:
7176:
7163:
7159:
7156:(7): 344–50.
7155:
7151:
7144:
7142:
7133:
7129:
7125:
7121:
7117:
7113:
7110:(5): 435–49.
7109:
7105:
7098:
7090:
7086:
7082:
7078:
7071:
7063:
7059:
7055:
7051:
7048:(1): 103–12.
7047:
7043:
7036:
7020:
7016:
7010:
7002:
6998:
6994:
6987:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6948:
6941:
6939:
6937:
6935:
6920:
6914:
6910:
6906:
6902:
6898:
6891:
6883:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6860:
6855:
6848:
6840:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6804:
6797:
6789:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6772:(7): 976–80.
6771:
6767:
6763:
6756:
6754:
6745:
6741:
6737:
6733:
6726:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6690:
6683:
6675:
6671:
6667:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6652:(8): 644–46.
6651:
6647:
6640:
6632:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6602:
6598:
6591:
6589:
6580:
6579:
6571:
6563:
6559:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6543:
6540:(5): 367–71.
6539:
6535:
6527:
6519:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6478:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6446:
6442:
6438:
6431:
6423:
6419:
6414:
6413:10044/1/57595
6409:
6404:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6380:
6372:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6355:(6): 521–26.
6354:
6350:
6346:
6339:
6337:
6328:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6286:
6279:
6271:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6230:
6222:
6218:
6214:
6208:
6200:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6159:
6151:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6126:(5): 806–13.
6125:
6121:
6117:
6110:
6102:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6069:Critical Care
6066:
6059:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6010:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5980:
5972:
5968:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5944:
5937:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5919:9780470650714
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5892:
5884:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5859:
5851:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5826:
5818:
5812:
5808:
5801:
5787:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5765:
5758:
5750:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5709:
5701:
5695:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5673:
5669:
5662:
5647:
5645:9781416031154
5641:
5636:
5635:
5626:
5624:
5615:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5574:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5533:
5525:
5521:
5514:
5499:
5494:
5490:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5461:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5422:
5421:
5412:
5404:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5381:
5380:
5371:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5324:
5316:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5265:
5257:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5208:
5200:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5175:(6): 335–49.
5174:
5170:
5166:
5159:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5134:10.1038/26233
5131:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5108:
5100:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5049:
5041:
5037:
5034:(6): 516–20.
5033:
5029:
5022:
5014:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4973:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4932:(1): 224–33.
4931:
4927:
4923:
4916:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4881:
4879:
4863:
4861:9780323031059
4857:
4853:
4852:
4844:
4829:
4827:9780781758185
4823:
4818:
4817:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4782:(in German).
4781:
4774:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4729:
4721:
4720:
4712:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4672:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4649:
4634:
4630:
4624:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4602:
4598:
4591:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4567:9780128163887
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4540:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4509:(2): 118–24.
4508:
4504:
4497:
4489:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4430:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4379:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4330:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4287:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4228:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4181:
4172:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4149:(1): 116–20.
4148:
4144:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4123:
4116:
4103:
4099:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4080:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4052:(5): 435–42.
4051:
4047:
4043:
4036:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4010:
4003:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3964:
3950:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3921:
3919:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3861:Richard Asher
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3772:(3686): 865.
3771:
3767:
3760:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3709:
3701:
3697:
3690:
3674:
3670:
3668:9781416049197
3664:
3660:
3656:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3555:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3520:0-409-90077-X
3516:
3512:
3511:
3503:
3494:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3469:(3): 108–24.
3468:
3464:
3460:
3453:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3353:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3240:(2): 122–28.
3239:
3235:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3148:(2): 406–09.
3147:
3143:
3136:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2994:
2992:9780080549996
2988:
2984:
2983:
2975:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2949:(5): 435–42.
2948:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2872:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2846:
2839:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2698:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2560:(3): 303–10.
2559:
2555:
2548:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2524:(3): 185–88.
2523:
2520:(in German).
2519:
2512:
2510:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2382:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2300:(3): 130–35.
2299:
2295:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2275:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2256:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2224:(9): 818–20.
2223:
2219:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2142:
2140:9781259644030
2136:
2132:
2131:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2084:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2050:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2031:
2029:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1999:
1990:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1941:(3): 580–87.
1940:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1787:Other species
1784:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1653:medical signs
1644:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:acetaminophen
1619:
1615:
1614:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1521:preoptic area
1517:
1515:
1512:(COX-2), and
1511:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1416:interleukin 1
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1388:interleukin-8
1385:
1384:interleukin 6
1381:
1380:interleukin 1
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:immune system
1358:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1341:superantigens
1337:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1295:
1294:medications.
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1234:thermogenesis
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1169:
1165:
1164:proliferation
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1112:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1084:
1083:Fabry disease
1080:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
973:Immunological
971:
968:
964:
960:
959:mononucleosis
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
913:
912:
911:
909:
899:
897:
896:thyroid storm
893:
889:
888:drug overdose
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
802:
801:
796:
792:
791:Quartan fever
789:
786:
785:
780:
779:
774:
773:
772:P. falciparum
768:
764:
763:Tertian fever
761:
758:
754:
753:
748:
744:
743:
742:
736:
732:
728:
727:Typhoid fever
725:
722:
718:
715:
711:
708:
705:
701:
693:
690:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:leishmaniasis
671:
667:
664:
661:
657:
653:
649:
648:typhoid fever
645:
637:
634:
633:
632:
630:
622:
617:
608:
604:
602:
598:
594:
585:
583:
577:
575:
570:
562:
559:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:
542:
539:
527:
522:
520:
515:
513:
508:
507:
505:
504:
500:
499:
491:
489:
486:
485:
481:
479:
476:
475:
471:
469:
466:
465:
461:
459:
456:
455:
451:
449:
446:
445:
441:
438:
436:
435:
432:
431:
427:
426:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
370:
368:
364:
363:medical signs
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
203:
199:
195:
191:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
168:
166:
162:
158:
156:
152:
149:
145:
141:
138:
134:
131:
128:
126:
125:Complications
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
74:
70:
65:
61:
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
7511:Chronic pain
7468:
7458:Night sweats
7448:Hyperthermia
7436:drug-induced
7425:
7416:
7358:
7306:
7295:
7271:
7260:
7245:
7230:
7198:. Retrieved
7182:
7153:
7149:
7107:
7103:
7097:
7089:Google Books
7084:
7080:
7070:
7045:
7041:
7035:
7023:. Retrieved
7019:the original
7009:
6996:
6986:
6974:. Retrieved
6954:
6950:
6922:, retrieved
6900:
6890:
6863:
6857:
6847:
6810:
6806:
6796:
6769:
6765:
6735:
6731:
6725:
6692:
6688:
6682:
6649:
6645:
6639:
6604:
6600:
6577:
6570:
6537:
6533:
6526:
6491:
6487:
6477:
6444:
6440:
6430:
6393:
6389:
6379:
6352:
6348:
6292:
6288:
6278:
6243:
6239:
6229:
6216:
6207:
6172:
6168:
6158:
6123:
6119:
6109:
6072:
6068:
6058:
6023:
6019:
6009:
5997:. Retrieved
5979:
5946:
5942:
5936:
5901:
5897:
5891:
5864:
5858:
5831:
5825:
5806:
5800:
5789:, retrieved
5767:
5757:
5722:
5718:
5708:
5667:
5661:
5649:. Retrieved
5633:
5587:
5583:
5573:
5538:
5532:
5523:
5513:
5502:, retrieved
5470:
5460:
5419:
5411:
5378:
5370:
5337:
5333:
5323:
5278:
5274:
5264:
5224:(1): 41–50.
5221:
5217:
5207:
5172:
5168:
5158:
5117:
5113:
5107:
5062:
5058:
5048:
5031:
5027:
5021:
4986:
4982:
4972:
4929:
4925:
4915:
4893:(3): 130–5.
4890:
4886:
4865:. Retrieved
4850:
4843:
4831:. Retrieved
4815:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4718:
4711:
4700:, retrieved
4680:
4671:
4654:
4648:
4636:. Retrieved
4632:
4623:
4596:
4590:
4579:, retrieved
4549:
4539:
4506:
4502:
4496:
4443:
4439:
4429:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4343:
4339:
4329:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4241:
4237:
4227:
4197:(1): 81–86.
4194:
4190:
4180:
4171:
4146:
4142:
4122:
4113:
4106:. Retrieved
4086:
4079:
4071:
4049:
4045:
4035:
4008:
4002:
3977:
3973:
3963:
3952:, retrieved
3930:
3882:
3878:
3868:
3841:(1): 66–67.
3838:
3834:
3828:
3819:
3810:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3722:
3718:
3708:
3695:
3689:
3677:. Retrieved
3658:
3631:. Retrieved
3626:
3617:
3605:. Retrieved
3601:
3592:
3580:. Retrieved
3571:
3562:
3543:
3537:
3509:
3502:
3493:
3466:
3462:
3452:
3420:(6): 28–31.
3417:
3413:
3403:
3366:
3362:
3352:
3340:. Retrieved
3335:
3326:
3286:(1): 28–29.
3283:
3279:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3125:10 September
3123:. Retrieved
3119:
3110:
3100:10 September
3098:. Retrieved
3094:the original
3089:
3080:
3068:. Retrieved
3064:
3055:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3003:
2996:. Retrieved
2981:
2974:
2966:
2946:
2942:
2936:
2928:
2913:
2906:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2844:
2838:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2758:
2752:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2685:. Retrieved
2683:. 5 May 2020
2680:
2671:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2601:
2597:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2521:
2517:
2495:
2486:
2456:(1): 38–43.
2453:
2449:
2443:
2408:
2404:
2370:
2332:
2322:
2297:
2293:
2263:
2221:
2217:
2177:
2173:
2144:. Retrieved
2129:
2072:
2037:
2015:. Retrieved
2011:the original
1977:
1938:
1934:
1876:
1872:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1815:38.3 °C
1796:
1776:medical sign
1768:
1745:
1724:
1686:form of the
1677:
1673:
1662:
1650:
1647:Epidemiology
1642:
1638:
1613:antipyretics
1611:
1609:
1588:hyperpyrexia
1581:
1572:
1563:
1552:and various
1518:
1496:
1493:PGE2 release
1460:
1456:
1440:
1408:interferon-γ
1404:interferon-β
1400:interferon-α
1377:
1350:
1338:
1329:
1317:
1315:
1303:
1296:
1292:anti-pyretic
1284:hyperthermia
1281:
1277:
1246:
1214:hypothalamus
1211:
1208:Hypothalamus
1184:warm-blooded
1180:
1159:effects; and
1150:phagocytosis
1129:
1121:hypothermic.
1098:
1095:
1088:
943:Lyme disease
905:
868:brain damage
852:hyperthermia
841:
838:Hyperpyrexia
832:chemotherapy
817:
806:
798:
782:
776:
770:
756:
750:
740:
734:
656:tuberculosis
626:
620:
605:
601:hyperpyrexia
593:Hyperthermia
591:
588:Hyperthermia
578:
569:normal range
566:
536:A range for
535:
488:Hyperpyrexia
478:Hyperthermia
467:
399:hyperalgesia
376:
360:
356:Hyperthermia
341:
333:hyperthermia
301:appendicitis
262:
235:
231:hypothalamus
223:normal range
214:
210:
209:
170:Hyperthermia
109:
93:
36:
7516:Cancer pain
7483:Hypothermia
7407:Temperature
7297:MedlinePlus
5590:(1): 8–16.
5584:Temperature
4681:Definitions
4108:19 November
3414:Nursing2022
3120:Mayo Clinic
3065:Mayo Clinic
2998:19 November
2714:: 322–333.
2496:MedlinePlus
1811:101 °F
1746:fever-demon
1665:Hippocrates
1606:Medications
1600:common cold
1545:sympathetic
1288:heat stroke
1265:epinephrine
1257:muscle tone
1187:vertebrates
1005:sarcoidosis
828:neutrophils
800:P. malariae
757:P. knowlesi
721:brucellosis
704:brucellosis
448:Hypothermia
403:dehydration
348:paracetamol
305:Lassa fever
289:common cold
194:paracetamol
50:Other names
7620:Categories
7600:polydipsia
7596:Polyphagia
7526:Tenderness
7496:Aches and
7273:DiseasesDB
6951:Pediatrics
6924:23 January
6075:(1): 199.
5999:1 November
4739:Pediatrics
4615:1120070914
4340:The Lancet
3885:(2): 1–2.
2643:Pediatrics
2411:: 101623.
1935:Pediatrics
1841:References
1765:Pediatrics
1684:diminutive
1592:conduction
1560:Management
1479:macrophage
1375:or lupus.
1347:Endogenous
1308:in fever.
1232:increases
1222:thermostat
1201:See also:
1162:increased
1155:decreased
1143:leukocytes
1040:infarction
797:caused by
769:caused by
749:caused by
623:infections
621:Plasmodium
407:nightmares
395:sleepiness
387:depression
317:vasculitis
293:meningitis
185:Medication
100:, feeling
82:pediatrics
7563:of muscle
7548:Lassitude
7308:eMedicine
6813:: 23–50.
6717:162182092
6309:0003-9888
6042:0891-5520
5971:162182092
5943:Br J Nurs
5694:cite book
5686:933586700
5565:214758182
5452:107630997
5354:0003-2417
5297:1664-042X
5238:1872-9649
4576:209284148
4531:205754989
4470:1932-6203
4413:1471-4922
4360:0140-6736
4313:0022-1899
4258:0269-9370
4211:0269-9370
4115:syndrome.
3901:2639-9334
3436:0360-4039
3300:2332-8940
3201:1828-0447
3005:syndrome.
2728:0889-1591
2351:243837498
2246:206857750
1799:diagnosis
1742:Jvarasura
1707:Mythology
1680:febricula
1618:ibuprofen
1596:ice water
1483:cytokines
1453:Exogenous
1357:monocytes
1353:cytokines
1261:shivering
1157:endotoxin
1132:pathogens
1076:porphyria
1062:lymphomas
1036:hemolysis
1021:psoriasis
963:abscesses
939:influenza
860:set point
696:1 °C
640:1 °C
597:heat loss
421:Diagnosis
344:ibuprofen
337:heat loss
285:influenza
283:—such as
277:bacterial
227:set point
201:Frequency
190:Ibuprofen
176:Treatment
148:set point
98:shivering
94:Initially
73:Specialty
7591:Anorexia
7586:Cachexia
7570:Asthenia
7553:Lethargy
7506:Headache
7340:Archived
7132:26358556
7124:15449833
7062:13402948
7025:22 March
7001:Archived
6976:31 March
6971:11389237
6897:"Febris"
6839:32289233
6788:22820543
6744:22292348
6709:31116598
6674:32438262
6666:23846358
6631:24174375
6562:27519225
6518:12076499
6469:31653539
6461:19606950
6422:19454182
6371:15184213
6327:11032580
6270:21328268
6221:Archived
6199:12804512
6150:28221185
6101:27411704
5993:Archived
5963:31116598
5928:25428854
5614:27226996
5362:17554514
5315:29170642
5256:19631766
5199:25976513
5099:28081244
5059:PLOS ONE
5040:15897803
5013:28221185
4964:12408561
4907:23199670
4765:Archived
4761:26908659
4702:22 April
4697:42063856
4581:22 April
4523:24556284
4488:32941463
4440:PLOS ONE
4421:21795115
4378:21084112
4278:Archived
4274:25470703
4266:11399962
4163:11476402
4102:Archived
4068:20880437
4027:48195937
3994:29078933
3954:22 April
3909:86786427
3820:Medscape
3802:27841173
3794:14332847
3751:23554413
3679:31 March
3673:Archived
3576:Archived
3529:21250166
3485:21843857
3444:18497656
3395:35968398
3318:27583277
3254:12000664
3219:33237494
3162:19667898
3070:23 April
3039:26571241
2963:20880437
2898:18525042
2863:58533794
2830:24424207
2822:18590023
2783:25400611
2775:12615196
2744:19396134
2736:26187566
2687:22 April
2663:11389237
2628:26793378
2574:23159136
2538:16613288
2500:Archived
2478:34481402
2470:25724501
2435:32179124
2314:23199670
2238:25977564
2194:19535958
2146:31 March
1957:21357332
1893:18514828
1508:(PLA2),
1328:such as
1312:Pyrogens
1106:Function
1100:Teething
1091:COVID-19
1070:, e.g.,
1058:leukemia
919:COVID-19
917:, e.g.,
784:P. ovale
778:P. vivax
555:forehead
411:delirium
383:lethargy
309:COVID-19
144:bacteria
118:sweating
89:Symptoms
7558:Atrophy
7540:fatigue
7536:Malaise
7521:Myalgia
7313:med/785
7267:D005334
7200:2 April
6882:4916301
6873:1749762
6830:7923385
6622:6532735
6554:9049576
6509:6532671
6318:1718494
6261:7197045
6213:"Fever"
6190:6532675
6141:5389594
6092:4944502
6050:8698992
5791:26 June
5749:8864524
5740:1909906
5651:2 April
5605:4843879
5504:26 June
5498:7122269
5306:5684175
5281:: 889.
5247:2818054
5190:4786079
5150:4420632
5142:9751056
5122:Bibcode
5090:5230786
5067:Bibcode
5004:5389594
4956:9917881
4934:Bibcode
4867:2 April
4833:2 April
4792:9289813
4638:20 June
4479:7497999
4448:Bibcode
4369:3406178
4321:7441008
4219:8442921
3855:7777006
3774:Bibcode
3766:Science
3742:3623376
3633:19 July
3607:19 July
3582:18 July
3386:9374123
3342:7 April
3309:4972507
3210:7686821
3047:4004360
2619:4703655
2492:"Fever"
2426:7102608
2335:: 1–3.
1772:disease
1669:malaria
1659:History
1630:aspirin
1626:aspirin
1503:enzymes
1365:antigen
1331:E. coli
1168:T cells
1054:Cancers
1050:, etc.;
1048:surgery
955:malaria
908:symptom
795:malaria
767:malaria
747:malaria
670:malaria
313:malaria
250:flushed
229:in the
215:pyrexia
114:flushed
18:Febrile
7478:Chills
7302:003090
7191:
7130:
7122:
7060:
6969:
6915:
6880:
6870:
6837:
6827:
6786:
6742:
6715:
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6664:
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6552:
6516:
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6467:
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6325:
6315:
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6268:
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6197:
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6148:
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6099:
6089:
6048:
6040:
5969:
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5674:
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5485:
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5440:
5428:–448.
5399:
5387:–145.
5360:
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5313:
5303:
5295:
5254:
5244:
5236:
5197:
5187:
5148:
5140:
5114:Nature
5097:
5087:
5038:
5011:
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4962:
4954:
4905:
4858:
4824:
4790:
4759:
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4663:392284
4661:
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3992:
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2433:
2423:
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2349:
2312:
2270:
2244:
2236:
2192:
2137:
2079:
2045:
1985:
1955:
1891:
1819:camels
1721:Febris
1715:Febris
1567:sepsis
1406:, and
1191:sepsis
1118:point.
1115:point.
1074:, and
923:dengue
894:, and
876:sepsis
682:sepsis
678:pyemia
660:typhus
458:Normal
329:cancer
311:, and
287:, the
279:, and
246:chills
204:Common
136:Causes
106:chills
7626:Fever
7498:pains
7426:Fever
7349:Fever
7278:18924
7256:780.6
7128:S2CID
6713:S2CID
6670:S2CID
6558:S2CID
6465:S2CID
5967:S2CID
5561:S2CID
5448:S2CID
5146:S2CID
5028:Shock
4960:S2CID
4693:S2CID
4572:S2CID
4527:S2CID
4270:S2CID
3905:S2CID
3798:S2CID
3043:S2CID
2826:S2CID
2779:S2CID
2740:S2CID
2474:S2CID
2347:S2CID
2242:S2CID
2017:8 May
1807:horse
1754:Hindu
1750:Hindi
1729:Latin
1725:fever
1693:viral
1688:Latin
1533:raphe
1267:; and
1078:; and
967:boils
927:Ebola
811:—the
781:, or
729:is a
684:, or
658:, or
611:Types
468:Fever
273:viral
254:sweat
211:Fever
140:Virus
110:Later
45:Fever
7598:and
7538:and
7469:cold
7417:heat
7262:MeSH
7251:9-CM
7202:2020
7189:ISBN
7120:PMID
7058:PMID
7027:2010
6978:2020
6967:PMID
6926:2023
6913:ISBN
6878:PMID
6835:PMID
6784:PMID
6740:PMID
6705:PMID
6662:PMID
6627:PMID
6605:2013
6550:PMID
6514:PMID
6492:2002
6457:PMID
6418:PMID
6367:PMID
6323:PMID
6305:ISSN
6266:PMID
6244:2011
6195:PMID
6173:2003
6146:PMID
6097:PMID
6046:PMID
6038:ISSN
6001:2009
5959:PMID
5924:PMID
5914:ISBN
5877:ISBN
5844:ISBN
5811:ISBN
5793:2024
5780:ISBN
5745:PMID
5700:link
5682:OCLC
5672:ISBN
5653:2020
5640:ISBN
5610:PMID
5551:ISBN
5506:2024
5483:ISBN
5438:ISBN
5397:ISBN
5358:PMID
5350:ISSN
5311:PMID
5293:ISSN
5252:PMID
5234:ISSN
5195:PMID
5138:PMID
5095:PMID
5036:PMID
5009:PMID
4952:PMID
4903:PMID
4869:2020
4856:ISBN
4835:2020
4822:ISBN
4788:PMID
4757:PMID
4704:2022
4659:OCLC
4640:2020
4611:OCLC
4601:ISBN
4583:2022
4562:ISBN
4519:PMID
4484:PMID
4466:ISSN
4417:PMID
4409:ISSN
4374:PMID
4356:ISSN
4317:PMID
4309:ISSN
4262:PMID
4254:ISSN
4238:AIDS
4215:PMID
4207:ISSN
4191:AIDS
4159:PMID
4110:2016
4092:ISBN
4064:PMID
4023:OCLC
4013:ISBN
3990:PMID
3956:2022
3943:ISBN
3897:ISSN
3851:PMID
3790:PMID
3747:PMID
3681:2020
3663:ISBN
3635:2021
3609:2021
3584:2021
3548:ISBN
3525:PMID
3515:ISBN
3481:PMID
3440:PMID
3432:ISSN
3391:PMID
3344:2020
3314:PMID
3296:ISSN
3250:PMID
3215:PMID
3197:ISSN
3158:PMID
3127:2019
3102:2019
3072:2022
3035:PMID
3000:2016
2987:ISBN
2959:PMID
2943:Cjem
2919:ISBN
2894:PMID
2859:OCLC
2849:ISBN
2818:PMID
2771:PMID
2732:PMID
2724:ISSN
2689:2022
2659:PMID
2624:PMID
2570:PMID
2534:PMID
2466:PMID
2431:PMID
2375:ISBN
2310:PMID
2268:ISBN
2234:PMID
2190:PMID
2148:2020
2135:ISBN
2077:ISBN
2043:ISBN
2019:2015
1983:ISBN
1953:PMID
1889:PMID
1827:and
1756:and
1475:CD14
1072:gout
1060:and
1019:and
965:and
822:. A
547:anus
440:Core
242:cold
102:cold
7357:at
7247:ICD
7241:R50
7232:ICD
7158:doi
7112:doi
7050:doi
7046:188
6959:doi
6955:107
6905:doi
6868:PMC
6825:PMC
6815:doi
6774:doi
6697:doi
6654:doi
6617:PMC
6609:doi
6542:doi
6504:PMC
6496:doi
6449:doi
6408:hdl
6398:doi
6357:doi
6353:158
6313:PMC
6297:doi
6256:PMC
6248:doi
6185:PMC
6177:doi
6136:PMC
6128:doi
6087:PMC
6077:doi
6028:doi
5951:doi
5906:doi
5869:doi
5836:doi
5772:doi
5735:PMC
5727:doi
5723:118
5600:PMC
5592:doi
5543:doi
5524:FDA
5493:PMC
5475:doi
5430:doi
5426:404
5389:doi
5385:127
5342:doi
5301:PMC
5283:doi
5242:PMC
5226:doi
5185:PMC
5177:doi
5130:doi
5118:395
5085:PMC
5075:doi
4999:PMC
4991:doi
4942:doi
4930:856
4895:doi
4784:127
4747:doi
4743:137
4685:doi
4554:doi
4511:doi
4474:PMC
4456:doi
4401:doi
4364:PMC
4348:doi
4344:377
4301:doi
4297:142
4246:doi
4199:doi
4151:doi
4054:doi
3982:doi
3935:doi
3887:doi
3843:doi
3839:333
3782:doi
3770:149
3737:PMC
3727:doi
3572:CDC
3471:doi
3422:doi
3381:PMC
3371:doi
3304:PMC
3288:doi
3242:doi
3205:PMC
3189:doi
3150:doi
3027:doi
3023:163
2951:doi
2886:doi
2882:358
2810:doi
2763:doi
2716:doi
2651:doi
2647:107
2614:PMC
2606:doi
2562:doi
2526:doi
2458:doi
2421:PMC
2413:doi
2337:doi
2302:doi
2226:doi
2222:100
2182:doi
1943:doi
1939:127
1881:doi
1801:of
1748:in
1727:in
1682:(a
1584:fan
1318:etc
1236:in
1166:of
935:HIV
702:or
574:ear
551:ear
346:or
244:or
213:or
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7265::
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