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387:, took command of the insurgent troops. Since they were weakened after the unsuccessful attack on San Carlos, Falcón decided to avoid battle and wait for reinforcements from a contingent under General Juan Antonio Sotillo. The government troops under General Febres Cordero went after Falcón. At Coplé, a crossroads between
490:
was an army and political conservative from
Venezuela who was a key leader in the war for independence of the country. He was also a key person in the Federal War and won many battles for the Conservatives including the battle of Coplé. Leon lost the battle of Santa Inés, where he retreated to save
330:
Venezuela was facing many social and governmental struggles during this time period. Many factors contributed to the start of the war within the country, including social problems inherited from the struggle for independence, tensions among the diverse economic and political groups, a succession of
483:
in 1859. Zamora was a
Venezuelan soldier and leader of the Federalists in the Federal War. Through his friendship with the lawyer José Manuel García, Zamora learned a lot about philosophy and the foundations of Roman law, and he soon advocated for the "principles of equality" and the need for
495:
407:
Falcón returned to
Venezuela in July 1861. The Federalists consolidated their positions so that their units could make more and more advances against the government troops. The first peace negotiations took place in December 1861, but were unsuccessful.
398:
Nevertheless, the defeated
Federalists managed to withdraw in an orderly manner. Falcón changed his strategy: guerrilla warfare instead of pitched battles. On trips to Colombia, Haiti and the Caribbean, he sought and found help to continue the war.
655:
Malcolm Deas: Venezuela, Colombia and
Ecuador: the first half-century of independence. In: The Cambridge History of Latin America. Band 3: From Independence to c. 1870. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1985, ISBN 0-521-23224-4, p
424:
The government troops were now weakened by the long guerrilla war and the desertion of thousands of soldiers. When the
Federalists surrounded Coro in April 1863, the Conservatives were willing to negotiate. On 22 May 1863, President
360:, the abolition of the death penalty, universal suffrage and political pluralism. As a result, fighting broke out in various parts of the country, starting the Federal War in Venezuela. The first major battle was the
506:
1557:
441:
The
Federal War in Venezuela went on for four years until April 1863 due to the signing of the treaty of Coche that put an end to it. Many changes came with the end of the war:
266:
over the monopoly the
Conservatives held over government positions and land ownership, and their intransigence in granting any reforms. This drove the Liberals – known as the
318:
switched to guerilla warfare, that by 1863 had weakened the government troops and caused the desertion of thousands of their soldiers. This forced the
Conservative leader
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558:
1093:
491:
his troops. Later, he regathered strength, and in
Caracas, Febres Cordero defeated the Federalists and celebrated victory in the battle of Coplé.
1059:
270:– to look for greater autonomy for the provinces: a new federalism for Venezuela, as it were. It was the biggest and bloodiest civil war that
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Venezuela to have this implemented. He was named the Federalists' "Chief Operating Officer of the West" after the battles he won there.
1154:
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for a week in January 1860. Ezequiel Zamora was killed by a sniper on 10 January 1860 and the Federalists had to break off the siege.
331:
armed movements in rural areas, and the hopes for a change in the government structure which was a centralist-federalist government.
846:
1100:
293:
196:
1562:
1088:
912:
1300:
1110:
659:
Frédérique Langue: Histoire du Venezuela. De la conquête à nos jours. Ed. L’Harmattan, Paris Langue, ISBN 2-7384-7432-2, p 397.
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433:(named after an estate not far from Caracas), which sealed the victory of the Liberals. Falcón became the new President.
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1219:
796:
652:
Micheal Tarver, Julia Frederick: The History of Venezuela. Palgrave MacMillan, New York 2006, ISBN 1-4039-6260-X, p 67.
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The Liberals initially gained the upper hand, winning several battles in 1859, until their crushing defeat in the
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Orlando Araujo: Venezuela. Die Gewalt als Voraussetzung der Freiheit. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1971, p 32.
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During 1862, the Federalists won several victories, namely at Pureche, El Corubo, Mapararí and Buchivacoa.
352:
On 20 February 1859, Lieutenant Colonel Tirso Salaverría occupied the northern Venezuelan military base in
368:, won. Zamora was able to consolidate his control of the Llanos and prepare the Liberals' advance north.
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from Spain on 5 July 1811. Around a hundred thousand people died in the violence of the war, or from
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was fought on 17 February 1860, in which the government troops were victorious.
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Combat of Maiquetía, during the beginning of the Federal War, 2 September 1859
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The conflict was a struggle for power between the conservative government of
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Shortage of the agricultural activity in the plains due to the fires.
343:
Battle of Santa Inés, the first major conflict during the Federal War
271:
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119:
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Establishment of the Federation, with the entry into force of the
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286:, in a country with a population of just over a million people.
279:
1278:
1224:
77:
1558:
Civil wars involving the states and peoples of South America
512:
the leader of the conservatives who won the battle of Coplé.
325:
501:, the federalist who won the battle of Santa Inés, 1859.
559:"Federal War (Venezuela, 1859–1863) | Encyclopedia.com"
364:
on 10 December 1859. The Federalists, led by General
310:
in February 1860. After this defeat and the death of
614:"10 Characteristics of the Federal War in Venezuela"
680:10 Characteristics of the Federal War in Venezuela
383:After Zamora's death, his brother-in-law, General
300:in March 1858, and the liberal opposition led by
1539:
537:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 46.
448:becomes president of Venezuela on 15 June 1863
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714:
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37:
467:Reduction of the central government army.
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338:
535:Venezuela: What Everyone Needs to Know®
326:Struggles in the government and society
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376:Zamora's troops besieged the city of
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1101:Guayana Esequiba (Reclamation area)
601:
471:
429:and General Falcón signed the Peace
13:
14:
1604:
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526:
436:
356:and proclaimed the creation of a
296:, who had ousted his predecessor
1230:Ecological Movement of Venezuela
144:
137:
125:
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55:20 February 1859 – 24 April 1863
510:León de Febres Cordero y Oberto
479:was the Federalist who won the
451:Abolition of the death penalty.
1563:Civil wars of the 19th century
792:Restorative Liberal Revolution
678:Bednar, R. (2017c, April 25).
631:
576:
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1:
533:Salas, Miguel Tinker (2015).
519:
391:, Camaguán and Guayabal, the
7:
1166:Democratic Unity Roundtable
1155:People's Electoral Movement
1089:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
184:Francisco Linares Alcántara
10:
1609:
862:2017 constitutional crisis
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464:Decrease in foreign trade.
1593:Conservatism in Venezuela
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1420:
1347:
1338:
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1250:
1203:
1163:
1135:Movement We Are Venezuela
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991:Human rights in Venezuela
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837:1992 coup d'état attempts
772:Revolution of the Reforms
742:
733:
314:, the new Liberal leader
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111:
47:
36:
28:
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1553:Wars involving Venezuela
1008:Administrative divisions
867:2019 presidential crisis
847:2002 coup d'état attempt
782:Revindicating Revolution
981:Corruption in Venezuela
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188:Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual
1306:Science and technology
1220:Movement for Socialism
1130:United Socialist Party
852:2002–03 general strike
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502:
488:León de Febres Cordero
446:Juan Crisóstomo Falcón
385:Juan Crisóstomo Falcón
344:
316:Juan Crisóstomo Falcón
242:) — also known as the
239:
213:León de Febres Cordero
209:Manuel Felipe de Tovar
176:Juan Crisóstomo Falcón
158:Commanders and leaders
16:Civil War in Venezuela
508:
497:
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219:Casualties and losses
180:Antonio Guzmán Blanco
99:, establishment of a
31:Venezuelan civil wars
1206:Agreement for Change
1145:For Social Democracy
1121:Great Patriotic Pole
986:Torture in Venezuela
955:World Heritage Sites
930:Environmental issues
563:www.encyclopedia.com
481:Battle of Santa Ines
456:constitution of 1864
362:Battle of Santa Inés
192:Juan Antonio Sotillo
1392:List of Venezuelans
1215:Progressive Advance
1003:Crisis in Venezuela
757:War of Independence
205:Pedro Gual Escandón
1382:Indigenous peoples
1316:Telecommunications
913:metropolitan areas
514:
503:
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322:to sue for peace.
298:José Tadeo Monagas
260:Conservative Party
1588:1863 in Venezuela
1583:1862 in Venezuela
1578:1861 in Venezuela
1573:1860 in Venezuela
1568:1859 in Venezuela
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1035:Foreign relations
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752:Captaincy General
687:Encyclopedia.com.
427:José Antonio Páez
335:Course of the war
320:José Antonio Páez
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201:José Antonio Páez
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807:El Trienio Adeco
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682:. Life Persona.
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477:Ezequiel Zamora
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393:Battle of Coplé
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366:Ezequiel Zamora
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308:Battle of Coplé
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302:Ezequiel Zamora
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1480:coat of arms
1357:Demographics
1301:Oil industry
1291:Cooperatives
1180:Popular Will
1025:Constitution
877:Coups d'état
827:El Porteñazo
802:World War II
776:
679:
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621:. Retrieved
618:Life Persona
617:
591:. Retrieved
588:Encyclopedia
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276:independence
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258:between the
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169:
151:Conservative
112:Belligerents
29:Part of the
18:
1548:Federal War
1377:Immigration
1264:Agriculture
925:Earthquakes
787:1895 crisis
777:Federal War
747:New Granada
623:14 November
593:14 November
268:Federalists
232:Federal War
132:Federalists
64:Mainly the
24:Federal War
1542:Categories
1440:Literature
1372:Healthcare
872:Civil wars
520:References
378:San Carlos
358:federation
153:Government
103:government
101:Federalist
84:states of
70:Portuguesa
1407:Squatting
1387:Languages
1367:Education
1326:Transport
1274:Companies
1185:A New Era
1067:President
1060:President
1030:Elections
891:Geography
723:Venezuela
291:President
272:Venezuela
256:Venezuela
252:civil war
244:Great War
86:Venezuela
1522:Category
1460:Religion
1402:Refugees
1362:Diaspora
1269:Currency
1150:Tupamaro
1094:In exile
1050:Missions
1045:Military
969:Politics
832:Caracazo
727:articles
656:525–526.
389:Calabozo
262:and the
250:— was a
60:Location
1506:Outline
1470:Symbols
1435:Cuisine
1422:Culture
1340:Society
1321:Tourism
1252:Economy
1111:Parties
1082:Cabinet
1013:Regions
920:Climate
903:Borders
735:History
647:Sources
568:9 March
284:disease
246:or the
236:Spanish
170:†
82:Guárico
74:Cojedes
66:Barinas
1527:Portal
1475:anthem
1430:Cinema
1296:Energy
1018:States
908:Cities
857:Crisis
725:
541:
280:hunger
166:
93:Result
1513:Index
1465:Sport
1455:Music
1445:Media
1412:Women
1352:Crime
1279:PDVSA
1225:COPEI
940:Flora
935:Fauna
78:Apure
1485:flag
1072:List
996:LGBT
625:2022
595:2022
570:2023
539:ISBN
420:1863
412:1862
403:1861
372:1860
354:Coro
348:1859
230:The
80:and
52:Date
1284:CVG
282:or
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