315:
361:
33:
516:
executive and legislative branches they are understood as those that are the rights of the entities; as the ownership of the command of the public force (state police and national guard attached), direction and regulation of their own economic policies, of social development and public safety; as well as the administration of those resources that arise from their local taxes or own income. Griselda Álvarez was the first female governor in Mexico. Álvarez was
Governor of the state of
439:
548:
1086:
1035:
278:
489:
331:
Office of the
Presidency. The President is protected by the Presidential General Staff, which is the military technical body that assists the president in obtaining general information, planning the personal activities of the position, performing safety precautions, and participating in the execution of the activities coming for these purposes.
1133:
or boroughs. Though not fully equivalent to a municipality in that they do not have regulatory powers, they have gained limited autonomy in recent years, and the representatives to the head of government are now elected by the citizens as well. In 2016, the name was changed to Mexico City and the 16
1095:
The states are divided internally into municipalities—or mayors, in the case of Mexico City. Each municipality enjoys autonomy in its capacity to choose its own town hall which is responsible, in most cases; to provide all the public services required by its population. To this concept, which would
496:
The judiciary consists of The
Supreme Court of Justice, composed of eleven judges or ministers appointed by the President with Congress approval, who interpret laws and judge cases of federal competency. Other institutions of the judiciary are the Electoral Tribunal, collegiate, unitary and district
305:
assumes the position on
October 1 of the election year. (Prior to the Electoral Reform of 2014, the office was assumed on December 1 of the election year.) Their position lasts for a period of six years, with no possibility of reelection, not even in the case of having served as interim, provisional
330:
The
President is the head of the Federal Public Administration and is assisted by a cabinet composed of several Secretariats of State, federal agencies, decentralized agencies, and parastatals, which are in charge of various public interest portfolios, in addition to various advisers on call to the
1115:
does not belong to any state in particular, but to the federation, being the capital of the country and seat of the powers of the Union. As such, it is constituted as a special jurisdiction, ultimately administered by the Powers of the Union. Nonetheless, since the late 1990s certain autonomy and
1099:
In addition to municipalities, Mexico's states are also organized into three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The legislative branch consists of a unicameral state congress (congreso del estado), responsible for passing laws and overseeing state affairs. The judicial
515:
The entities of the
Mexican Federation are free and sovereigns, autonomous in its internal regime. They have the power to govern themselves according to their own laws; they have their own constitution that does not have to contradict the principles of the federal constitution. The powers of its
473:
elected jointly; 32 senators are assigned through the principle of "first minority", that is, they are awarded to the first runner-up party for each constituent state and Mexico City; and 32 are elected by proportional representation with closed-party lists, for which the country forms a single
326:
provides for said position in its third title third chapter and is addressed by fifteen articles. They specify the obligations, powers requirements, and restrictions to the position; specifications ranging from the command of the armed forces; ownership of foreign, economic policies, social
310:
immediately and provisionally assumes the position (if the absence is the day of the inauguration, it would be the president of the senate, the provisional president). Later, with the reservations contemplated by the constitution, it is up to
Congress to appoint a substitute or interim.
1103:
Each state in Mexico has its own constitution, which outlines its specific powers, governance structure, and relationship with the federal government. This decentralized system allows for significant variation in local governance practices and policies across Mexico's diverse states.
327:
development, and public safety; the promulgation and enforcement of laws issued by the legislative branch; propose appointments to positions that require of the Senate or the
Supreme Court; and various prerogatives granted in other articles of the same magna letter and federal laws.
468:
The Senate consists of 128 representatives of the constituent states of the federation. All senators are elected in free universal elections every six years through a parallel voting system as well: 64 senators are elected by first-past-the-post plurality, two per state and two for
416:, approve or reject treaties and conventions made with foreign countries, and ratify diplomatic appointments. The Senate addresses all matters that concern foreign policy, approves international agreements, and confirms presidential appointments.
263:, as the capital of Mexico, seats all the powers of the Union. All branches of government are independent; no two separate branches must be vested upon a single person or institution, and the legislative power must not be vested upon a single
212:, the central government established by its constitution to share sovereignty over the republic with the governments of the 31 individual Mexican states, and to represent such governments before international bodies such as the
1263:
The composition, responsibilities and requirements of the judicial power are outlined in articles 94 to 107of the
Political Constitution of the United Mexican States Archived November 13, 2006, at the Wayback
1259:
The composition, responsibilities and requirements of the legislative power are outlined in articles 50 to 79 of the
Political Constipoo of the United Mexican States Archived November 13, 2006, at the Wayback
435:(called plurinominal deputies) with closed-party lists for which the country is divided into five constituencies or plurinominal circumscriptions. Deputies cannot be reelected for the next immediate term.
306:
or substitute. The office of President of the Republic is only waived for serious cause, which must be qualified by the Congress of the Union. In case of death, dismissal, or resignation, the
454:, proportionality is only confined to the plurinominal seats. However, to prevent a party to be overrepresented, several restrictions to the assignation of plurinominal seats are applied:
461:
A party's percentage of deputies in the Chamber (uninominal and plurinominal together) cannot be more than 8% greater than the percentage of votes the party obtained in the elections;
1267:
The form of government of the Mexico City is outlined in the 112th article of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine.
342:. The National Palace is also the formal seat of the Executive Power and had been the official seat of power in Mexico since early colonial times until it was moved in 1937 to
1142:
In April 2023, The New York Times reported that the Mexican government had continued to use the Pegasus spyware, despite having promised to stop on multiple occasions.
259:
The federal government, known as the Supreme Power of the Federation, is constituted by the Powers of the Union: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial.
497:
tribunals, and the Council of the Federal Judiciary. The ministers of the Supreme Court will serve for 15 years and cannot be appointed to serve more than once.
1472:
2027:
419:
The Chamber of Deputies is formed by 500 representatives of the nation. All deputies are elected in free universal elections every three years, in
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arise from the Mexican Revolution, it is known as free municipality. The town hall is headed by a municipal president elected every three years.
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746:
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1990:
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510:
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No party can have more than 300 seats (uninominal and plurinominal together), even if the party gets more than 52% of the votes.
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2149:
1904:
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The composition, responsibilities and requirements of the legislative power are outlined in articles 50 to 79 of the
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The composition, responsibilities and requirements of the judicial power are outlined in articles 94 to 107of the
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The President of the United Mexican States is the head of the executive branch of the country. They are also the
110:
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2400:
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219:
The Mexican federal government has three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial and functions per the
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1899:
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823:
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2107:
2005:
1909:
1889:
1692:
1589:
861:
737:
617:
401:
365:
119:
1309:
412:). The powers of Congress include the right to pass laws, impose taxes, declare war, approve the national
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1814:
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branch includes a state court system that administers justice and interprets the law at the state level.
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The legislative power is vested upon the Congress of the Union, a bicameral congress comprising the
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1919:
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2250:
1995:
1856:
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1392:
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1124:. The judicial power is exercised by the Supreme Tribunal of Justice and the Judiciary Council.
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1281:(Library of Congress. Federal Research Division, 1996) US government document; not copyright
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elected by first-past-the-post plurality. The legislative power is vested upon a unicameral
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2255:
2144:
1980:
1955:
1950:
1841:
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251:, the Council of the Federal Judiciary, and the collegiate, unitary, and district courts.
8:
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301:. The President is elected by direct, popular, and universal suffrage. Once elected, the
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232:
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431:(called uninominal deputies), and the remaining 200 are elected by the principle of
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2070:
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728:
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389:
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451:
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224:
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delegations were transformed into municipalities, each one with its own mayor.
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is exercised by the executive branch, which is headed by the president and her
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2042:
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A party must obtain at least 2% of votes to be assigned a plurinominal seat;
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1881:
1477:
1245:"How Mexico Became the Biggest User of the World's Most Notorious Spy Tool"
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powers have been gradually devolved. The executive power is vested upon a
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Since the beginning of his term, the official residence of the president
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180:
1224:
112th article of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States
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247:. Judicial power is exercised by the judiciary, consisting of the
318:
Grito de Independencia ceremony. Mexico City. September 15, 2023.
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has been the National Palace, a building facing Mexico City's
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The form of government of the Mexico City is outlined in the
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1107:
1304:
192:(alternately known as the Government of the Republic or
231:, which, together, are independent of the legislature.
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84:
1310:
Mexican Council for Economic and Social Development
1243:Kitroeff, Natalie; Bergman, Ronen (18 April 2023).
1205:
Political Constitution of the United Mexican States
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1186:Political Constipoo of the United Mexican States
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1867:North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
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423:: 300 deputies are elected in single-seat
223:, as enacted in 1917, and as amended. The
708:LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
511:List of current state governors in Mexico
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239:, a bicameral legislature comprising the
221:Constitution of the United Mexican States
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1295:Presidency of the United Mexican States
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1108:Mexico City (formerly Federal District)
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1305:Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
785:Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
492:Supreme court of Justice of the nation
484:Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
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249:Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
171:Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
2204:
1318:
450:Being a supplementary system (PM) of
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208:) is the national government of the
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524:Internal organization of the states
380:in the Mexican Chamber of Deputies.
297:, and the supreme commander of the
266:
13:
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507:Administrative divisions of Mexico
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14:
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1488:Institutional Revolutionary Party
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1090:Library of the Congress of Mexico
2346:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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37:Seal of the Government of Mexico
31:
285:, seat of the executive branch.
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1216:
1197:
1178:
1137:
904:National Regeneration Movement
1:
1408:Centralist Republic of Mexico
1277:Merrill, Tim and Ramón Miró.
1127:Mexico City was divided into
995:Diplomatic missions of Mexico
116:San Lázaro Legislative Palace
2471:United States Virgin Islands
1837:Institutional stock exchange
1473:Second American intervention
862:Instituto Nacional Electoral
364:The backdrop of the Mexican
190:Federal Government of Mexico
48:; 200 years ago
19:Federal government of Mexico
7:
2232:Politics of North America
2038:Water supply and sanitation
1403:Spanish reconquest attempts
1152:State governments of Mexico
1145:
977:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
884:Institutional Revolutionary
762:Federal electoral districts
659:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
433:proportional representation
336:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
308:Secretariat of the Interior
10:
2513:
1438:Second French intervention
1386:Control of Central America
1210:November 13, 2006, at the
1191:November 13, 2006, at the
793:Federal Electoral Tribunal
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25:Gobierno federal de México
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933:Administrative divisions
747:President of the Chamber
530:Municipalities of Mexico
196:Gobierno de la República
2093:Handcrafts and folk art
1862:National stock exchange
1600:Protected natural areas
1428:Second Mexican Republic
1393:Supreme Executive Power
1279:Mexico: a country study
751:Marcela Guerra Castillo
725:President of the Senate
427:by first-past-the-post
2396:British Virgin Islands
1905:States by unemployment
1895:Science and technology
1398:First Mexican Republic
1157:Constitution of Mexico
1092:
812:Recent major elections
717:Senate of the Republic
669:List of heads of state
570:Constitution of Mexico
501:State and local powers
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370:Constitution of Mexico
319:
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65:Constitution of Mexico
2336:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2133:Our Lady of Guadalupe
1627:Territorial evolution
1443:Second Mexican Empire
1300:Congress of the Union
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894:Democratic Revolution
700:Congress of the Union
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372:, Flag of Mexico and
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237:Congress of the Union
210:United Mexican States
100:Congress of the Union
75:United Mexican States
2492:Government of Mexico
2150:World Heritage Sites
1565:Environmental issues
1423:Mexican–American War
1381:First Mexican Empire
1173:References and notes
1122:Legislative Assembly
324:Constitution of 1917
2351:Trinidad and Tobago
2246:Antigua and Barbuda
1805:Automotive industry
1693:Chamber of Deputies
1376:War of Independence
739:Chamber of Deputies
651:President of Mexico
520:from 1979 to 1985.
410:Cámara de Diputados
402:Chamber of Deputies
394:Cámara de Senadores
368:, covered with the
366:Chamber of Deputies
273:President of Mexico
255:Powers of the union
245:Chamber of Deputies
235:is vested upon the
136:President of Mexico
120:Chamber of Deputies
20:
2497:Politics of Mexico
2286:Dominican Republic
2006:Indigenous peoples
1910:Telecommunications
1769:State legislatures
1710:Federal government
1590:Metropolitan areas
1468:Mexican Revolution
1249:The New York Times
1229:2011-07-22 at the
1162:Politics of Mexico
1118:head of government
1093:
952:State legislatures
914:Citizens' Movement
674:Federal government
618:Capital punishment
562:Federal government
539:Politics of Mexico
494:
448:
382:
356:Congress of Mexico
350:Legislative branch
320:
295:head of government
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204:Gobierno de México
91:Legislative branch
85:http://www.gob.mx/
18:
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1752:Political parties
1715:Foreign relations
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1448:Restored Republic
1366:Pre-Columbian era
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1082:
1040:Mexico portal
1017:Visa requirements
970:Foreign relations
876:Political parties
623:Life imprisonment
233:Legislative power
186:
185:
109:Senate Building (
61:Founding document
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2436:Saint Barthélemy
2366:Dependencies and
2239:Sovereign states
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2201:
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2118:National symbols
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1943:
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1830:Renewable energy
1820:Economic history
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1413:Texas Revolution
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2023:Public holidays
1996:Nationality law
1991:Life expectancy
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1742:Law enforcement
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1647:Water resources
1522:
1498:Mexican miracle
1352:
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2441:Saint Martin
2061:Architecture
1966:Demographics
1810:Central bank
1720:Human rights
1709:
1700:Constitution
1518:War on drugs
1493:World War II
1478:Cristero War
1371:Colonial era
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630:Gun politics
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376:. President
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142:Headquarters
71:Jurisdiction
24:
15:
2431:Puerto Rico
2341:Saint Lucia
2291:El Salvador
1986:Immigration
1852:Land reform
1800:Agriculture
1622:Territories
1560:Earthquakes
1508:Peso crisis
1503:Lost Decade
1283:online free
1138:Controversy
1113:Mexico City
1022:Visa policy
899:Labor Party
692:Legislature
613:Nationality
589:LGBT rights
471:Mexico City
378:Vicente Fox
261:Mexico City
181:Mexico City
96:Legislature
2486:Categories
2426:Montserrat
2421:Martinique
2416:Guadeloupe
2271:Costa Rica
2145:Television
2103:Literature
1981:Healthcare
1956:Censorship
1951:Corruption
1884:(currency)
1842:Irrigation
1463:Porfiriato
1458:Yaqui Wars
1433:La Reforma
1418:Pastry War
528:See also:
505:See also:
482:See also:
400:) and the
152:Main organ
2411:Greenland
2326:Nicaragua
2301:Guatemala
2108:Monuments
2098:Languages
1971:Education
1890:Petroleum
1847:Labor law
1815:Companies
1757:President
1705:Elections
1595:Mountains
1528:Geography
1453:Caste War
999:in Mexico
945:Governors
814:General:
806:Elections
777:Judiciary
643:Executive
429:plurality
344:Los Pinos
303:candidate
43:Formation
2376:Anguilla
2311:Honduras
2281:Dominica
2256:Barbados
2185:Category
2128:Religion
2088:Folklore
1747:Military
1725:Intersex
1683:Congress
1666:Politics
1652:Wildlife
1642:Volcanos
1483:Maximato
1350:articles
1227:Archived
1208:Archived
1189:Archived
1146:See also
1012:Passport
982:Minister
731:(MORENA)
662:(MORENA)
603:Abortion
243:and the
2406:Curaçao
2391:Bonaire
2386:Bermuda
2316:Jamaica
2296:Grenada
2251:Bahamas
2169:Outline
2076:Cuisine
2053:Culture
2043:Welfare
2033:Smoking
2018:Poverty
1939:Society
1915:Tourism
1788:Economy
1762:Cabinet
1580:Islands
1575:Forests
1550:Climate
1540:Borders
1358:History
1264:Machine
1260:Machine
679:Cabinet
576:history
406:Spanish
390:Spanish
229:Cabinet
156:Cabinet
81:Website
51: (
2331:Panama
2321:Mexico
2266:Canada
2261:Belize
2190:Portal
2140:Sports
2071:Cinema
2001:People
1825:Energy
1688:Senate
1610:States
1605:Rivers
1545:Cities
1348:
1346:Mexico
940:States
826:, and
518:Colima
444:Senate
414:budget
398:Senado
386:Senate
374:cravat
340:Zócalo
293:, the
241:Senate
132:Leader
111:Senate
2381:Aruba
2306:Haiti
2176:Index
2123:Radio
2113:Music
2011:Women
1976:Flags
1961:Crime
1882:Peso
1585:Lakes
753:(PRI)
608:Labor
167:Court
2451:Saba
2276:Cuba
2081:Wine
1730:LGBT
1632:Time
854:2021
852:and
850:2010
845:2021
843:and
841:2015
837:2009
833:2003
828:2024
824:2018
820:2012
816:2006
509:and
281:The
188:The
177:Seat
53:1824
46:1824
2066:Art
1872:Oil
1737:Law
598:Law
396:or
216:.
200:or
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