653:
405:
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978:, a carnivorous plant, is native only to North and South Carolina in the United States. About 33% of the prey of the Venus flytrap are ants of various species. They lure their prey with a sweet sap. Once the prey has entered the trap and within about three seconds of touching two or three "trigger hairs" on the surface of the trap, the leaf closes around the prey and digests it. The majority of ants that are captured include non-native RIFAs, and three other species of ants. Other carnivorous plants, such as sundews (
570:-shaped mounds are constructed, but these are usually only found in open spaces, such as fields, parks, and lawns. These mounds can reach heights of 40 cm (16 in), but can be even higher on heavier soils, standing at 1.0 m (3 ft 3 in) in height and 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in diameter. Colonies are founded by small groups of queens or single queens. Even if only one queen survives, within a month or so, the colony can expand to thousands of individuals. Some colonies may be
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the absence of workers for defense. Fire ant queens may live up to seven years and can produce up to 1,600 eggs per day, and colonies will have as many as 250,000 workers. The estimated potential life span is around 5 years and 10 months to 6 years and 9 months. Young, virgin fire ant queens have wings (as do male fire ants), but they often cut them off after mating. Occasionally, a queen will keep its wings after mating and through her first year.
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428:. Fire ants of those species invasive in the United States can be distinguished from other ants locally present by their copper brown head and thorax with a darker abdomen. The worker ants are blackish to reddish and their size varies from 2 to 6 mm (0.079 to 0.236 in). In an established nest these different sizes of ants are all present at the same time.
844:. Antihistamines or topical corticosteroids may help reduce the itching and will generally benefit local sting reactions. Oral medicine include antihistamines. Severe allergic reactions to fire ant stings, including severe chest pain, nausea, severe sweating, loss of breath, serious swelling, and slurred speech, can be fatal if not treated.
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The other roles in an ant colony are usually undertaken by workers. Fire ant workers are haphazardly divided into different size classes, namely minima, minor, media, and major workers. The major ants are known for their larger size and more powerful mandibles typically used in macerating and storing
585:
in 2017, clumps of fire ants, known as rafts, were seen clumped together on the surface of the water. Each clump had as many as 100,000 individual ants, which formed a temporary structure until finding a new permanent home. Ants clumped in this way will recognize different fluid flow conditions and
794:
within 24–36 hours which can become infected if scratched, but will spontaneously flatten within a few days if left alone. The pustules are obtrusive and uncomfortable while active and, if they become infected, may cause scarring. Some people may become allergic to the venom, and if untreated, may
613:
Fire ant queens, the reproductive females in their colony, also are generally the largest. Their primary function is reproduction. Typically, a fire ant queen will seek to establish a new colony following a nuptial flight, wherein it will use its special venom to paralyze offending competitors, in
723:
Since
September 2004, Taiwan has been seriously affected by the red fire ant. The US, Taiwan and Australia all have ongoing national programs to control or eradicate the species, but with the exception of those in Australia, none have been especially effective. In Australia, there is an intensive
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loss. Over 40 million people live in RIFA-infested areas in the southeastern United States. It is estimated that 30–60% of the people living in fire ant-infested areas of the US are stung each year. RIFA are currently found mainly in subtropical southeastern USA states including
Florida, Georgia,
511:
These ants are renowned for their ability to survive extreme conditions. They do not hibernate, but can survive cold conditions, although this is costly to fire ant populations as observed during several winters in
Tennessee, where 80 to 90% of colonies died due to several consecutive days of
2390:
dos Santos Pinto, José R. A.; Fox, Eduardo G. P.; Saidemberg, Daniel M.; Santos, Lucilene D.; da Silva
Menegasso, Anally R.; Costa-Manso, EliĂşde; Machado, Ednildo A.; Bueno, Odair C.; Palma, Mario S. (2012-09-07). "Proteomic View of the Venom from the Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta Buren".
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Key natural enemies of fire ants also include other ant species which will attack prospective queens during the nest founding period, when there is an absence of workers to defend the emergent colony. Frequent competitors of fire ant founding queens include other
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estimates that more than US$ 5 billion is spent annually on medical treatment, damage, and control in RIFA-infested areas. Furthermore, the ants cause approximately $ 750 million in damage annually to agricultural assets, including
2857:
Greenberg, Les; Kabashima, John N.; Allison, Clinton J.; Rust, Michael K.; Klotz, John H.; Hurvois, Jean-Pierre; Paine, Timothy D. (2008-11-01). "Lethality of Red
Imported Fire Ant Venom to Argentine Ants and Other Ant Species".
1029:
The latter is commercially available for the biological control (as an alternative to conventional pesticides) of various pest insects, and a new proposed technology has increased its shelf life and efficiency against fire ants.
498:(hence the name), and the after-effects of the sting can be deadly to sensitive people. Fire ants are more aggressive than most native species, so have pushed many species away from their local habitat. One such species that
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produces large mounds in open areas, and feeds mostly on young plants, insects and seeds. Fire ants often attack small animals such as small lizards and can kill them. Unlike many other ants, which bite and then spray
2212:
1266:
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Pitts, James P.; Camacho, Gabriela P.; Gotzek, Dietrich; Mchugh, Joseph V.; Ross, Kenneth G. (April 2018). "Revision of the Fire Ants of the
Solenopsis saevissima Species-Group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)".
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Male fire ants mate with queens during a nuptial flight. After a male has successfully inseminated a queen, he will not get accepted back to the mother colony, and will eventually die outside the nest.
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food items (i.e. as repletes), while smaller workers take care of regular tasks (the main tasks in a colony are caring for the eggs/larvae/pupae, cleaning the nest, and foraging for food). However,
790:. The sting site typically swells into a bump within hours, which can cause further pain and irritation, especially following several stings at the same place. The bump may develop into a white
2472:
Diaz, Bruno L.; Machado, Ednildo A.; Atella, Georgia C.; Araujo, Maria F. C.; Araujo, Almair
Ferreira de; Poublan, Luiz E.; Gama, Diogo; Monteiro, Ana Paula; Fox, Eduardo G. P. (2018-09-26).
1995:
533:, the larvae secrete a fluid that is high in sugar content. Fire ants bring the larvae back to the nest, and protect them through the pupal stage in exchange for feeding on the fluid. In
2987:
Qiu, Hua-Long; Fox, Eduardo G. P.; Qin, Chang-Sheng; Zhao, Dan-Yang; Yang, Hua; Xu, Jin-Zhu (2019-07-01). "Microcapsuled entomopathogenic fungus against fire ants, Solenopsis invicta".
1819:
Fox, Eduardo Gonçalves
Paterson; Pianaro, Adriana; Solis, Daniel Russ; Delabie, Jacques Hubert Charles; Vairo, Bruno Cunha; Machado, Ednildo de Alcântara; Bueno, Odair Correa (2012).
1696:
Fox, Eduardo G.P.; Wu, Xiaoqing; Wang, Lei; Chen, Li; Lu, Yong-Yue; Xu, Yijuan (February 2019). "Queen venom isosolenopsin A delivers rapid incapacitation of fire ant competitors".
2901:
Siebeneicher, Stacy R.; Bradleigh^Vinson, S.; Kenerley, Charles M. (1992-05-01). "Infection of the red imported fire ant by
Beauveria bassiana through various routes of exposure".
1912:
Ascunce, M. S.; Yang, C.-C.; Oakey, J.; Calcaterra, L.; Wu, W.-J.; Shih, C.-J.; Goudet, J.; Ross, K. G.; Shoemaker, D. (24 February 2011). "Global
Invasion History of the Fire Ant
1409:
Roberts, R. B.; Dodson, Calaway H. (1967). "Nesting biology of two communal bees, Euglossa imperialis and Euglossa ignita (Hymenoptera: Apidae), including description of larvae".
1821:"Intraspecific and Intracolonial Variation in the Profile of Venom Alkaloids and Cuticular Hydrocarbons of the Fire Ant Solenopsis saevissima Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)"
1479:
Horvitz, Carol C.; Turnbull, Christine; Harvey, Donald J. (1987-07-01). "Biology of Immature Eurybia elvina (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), a Myrmecophilous Metalmark Butterfly".
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contains over 200 species. Not all species included in the genus are known as fire ants, but most are small slow-moving ants which are unable to sting, called
907:
687:. The RIFA was believed to have been accidentally introduced to these countries via shipping crates, particularly with Australia when they were first found in
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1315:
803:. It has been demonstrated that, whilst pustule formation results from the injected venom alkaloids, allergy to fire ant stings is caused solely by venom
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South Carolina, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and parts of North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and California.
744:
in parts of the United States to adapt to the ant's presence; they now have longer legs and new behaviors that aid them in escaping from the danger.
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Javors, M.A.; Zhou, W.; Maas, J.W.; Han, S.; Keenan, R.W. (1993-01-01). "Effects of fire ant venom alkaloids on platelet and neutrophil function".
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following fire ant stings, which requires emergency treatment. Management of an emergency visit due to anaphylaxis is recommended with the use of
3333:
1876:(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South America, a Potential Candidate for the Biological Control of the Red Imported Fire Ant in the United States"
1635:
539:, fire ants were observed to frequently construct soil shelters over later instars of larvae on inflorescences on which the larvae are found.
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is the most famous species in this genus, especially in the US, however several other species are similarly dangerous and invasive, such as
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that dissolves the membrane attaching the ant's head to its body. The fly pupates in the detached head capsule, emerging two weeks later.
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are colloquially called "fire ants" because of their similar coloration and painful bites, but the two genera are not closely related.
758:, which has invaded most of the tropical countries, wreaking havoc in medical systems especially in unprepared countries and islands.
1968:
786:) mixed with a small amount of toxic proteins. Fire ant stings are painful, characterised by a local burning sensation, followed by
3307:
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442:, and antennae with 10 segments plus a two-segmented club. Many ants bite, and formicine ants can cause irritation by spraying
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program costing A$ 175 million, although the fire ant has remained despite efforts. By July 2013, multiple sites west of
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2690:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 22 October 2008
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Fire ants dig tunnels efficiently using about 30% of the population of the colony, thereby avoiding congestion in tunnels.
341:. Many of the names shared by this genus are often used interchangeably to refer to other species of ant, such as the term
2936:
Angelone, Steven; Bidochka, Michael J. (2018-07-01). "Diversity and abundance of entomopathogenic fungi at ant colonies".
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2187:
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1314:
Yi, GB; McClendon, D; Desaiah, D; Goddard, J; Lister, A; Moffitt, J; Meer, RK; deShazo, R; Lee, KS; Rockhold, RW (2002).
1159:
2642:
2298:"Spread of stinging ants to oceanic islands, and the need to raise awareness of prevention and treatment of ant stings"
1219:
508:, a nonsocial orchid bee species, from which the ants enter the cells from below the nest and rob the cell's contents.
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which are larger, and will viciously sting in swarms whenever disturbed. Some of the most studied species include:
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941:, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. After about two weeks, they cause the ant's head to fall off by releasing an
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for the first time. They were believed to be in the Philippines, but they are most likely to be misidentified for
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1353:
1586:
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1316:"Fire ant venom alkaloid, isosolenopsin A, a potent and selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase"
3372:
2782:"The Large Decapitating Fly (Diptera: Phoridae): Successfully Established on Fire Ant Populations in Alabama"
164:
703:
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Porter, Sanford D.; Graham, L. C. “Fudd”; Johnson, Seth J.; Thead, Larry G.; Briano, Juan A. (June 2011).
3216:
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3181:
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2213:"Queensland launched a war against the fire ant invasion, but 12 years later, they're still on the march"
2003:
1870:
Briano, Juan A.; Calcaterra, Luis A.; Wojcik, D.P.; Williams, D.F.; Banks, W.A.; Patterson, R.S. (1997).
1269:. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (Queensland Government). 30 July 2013. Archived from
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34:
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of varying efficacy, including immediate application of a solution of half bleach and half water, or
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on the wound, fire ants bite only to get a grip and then sting (from the abdomen) and inject a toxic
63:
30:
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First aid for fire ant stings includes external treatments and oral medicines. There are also many
2818:"Energetics and the evolution of carnivorous plants—Darwin's 'Most Wonderful plants in the world'"
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384:
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deShazo RD, Butcher BT, Banks WA (1990). "Reactions to the stings of the imported fire ant".
1973:
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is another unrelated ant more commonly called the "little fire ant" due to its potent sting.
353:
345:, mostly because of their similar coloration despite not being in the genus Solenopsis. Both
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shoulders. Usually, the nest will not be visible, as it will be built under objects such as
494:. For humans, this is a painful sting, a sensation similar to what one feels when burned by
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2485:
1925:
1570:"Evidence of polygynous red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South Carolina"
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species and they have been introduced throughout the southern United States, starting with
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Hoffmann, Benjamin D; Ducarme, Frédéric; Bradford, DanaKai; Martinez, Santiago (2023).
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2239:"Mayors warn fire ants are dominating in south east Queensland as infestations double"
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Kintz-Early, Janet; Parris, Leslie; Zettler, Jennifer; Bast, Josh (September 2003).
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Prahlow, JA; Barnard, JJ (June 1998). "Fatal anaphylaxis due to fire ant stings".
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1381:"Medical Problems and Treatment Considerations for the Red Imported Fire Ant"
1295:. University of California Agriculture & Natural Resources. 25 April 2014
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creams that also include medically tested and verified treatments. External,
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740:. According to a study published in 2009, it took only seventy years for the
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109:
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Although most fire ant species do not bother people and are not invasive,
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2154:
Technical Report. Pharaoh ants and fire ants. p. 175. Archived from
1154:
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671:(or RIFA), is an invasive pest in many areas of the world, including the
491:
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330:
216:
84:
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895:, are a large family of small, hump-backed flies somewhat smaller than
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129:
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colonies contain no workers, as they are considered social parasites.
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1636:"Fire ant rafts form because of the Cheerios effect, study concludes"
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adapt their behavior accordingly to preserve the raft's stability.
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are common examples of non-Solenopsis ants being termed red ants.
1756:"Fire Ant Queen Longevity and Age: Estimation by Sperm Depletion"
980:
968:
870:
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791:
770:
A human leg three days after brief contact with a fire ant colony
559:
447:
446:; myrmecine ants like fire ants have a dedicated venom-injecting
326:
139:
114:
566:, logs, rocks, or bricks. If no cover for nesting is available,
3110:
2539:"A case of the first documented fire ant anaphylaxis in Canada"
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934:
737:
692:
684:
563:
466:
A fire ant worker, queen, and male (clockwise from bottom left)
421:
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The bodies of mature fire ants, like the bodies of all typical
206:
186:
151:
3260:
1869:
1545:. University of Minnesota (IPM World Textbook). Archived from
878:
766:
3408:
2856:
937:
larvae migrates to the head, then develops by feeding on the
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reproduce by laying eggs in the thorax of the ant. The first
929:, or ant-decapitating flies, have been described. Members of
680:
582:
483:
462:
313:
2637:(3rd ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier. pp. 584–585.
1795:
1567:
774:
The venom of fire ants is mainly (>95%) composed of oily
2474:"The allergic response mediated by fire ant venom proteins"
1587:
10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0381:EOPRIF]2.0.CO;2
795:
become increasingly sensitive to the point of experiencing
716:
567:
555:
551:
543:
495:
476:
2066:"Reds Under Your Feet (interview with Robert Vander Meer)"
1911:
1052:. "True" fire ants are but a group of about 20 species of
424:, and the abdomen, with three pairs of legs and a pair of
1796:"Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project"
1390:(Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project)
1313:
396:
309:
226:
3088:. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
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2779:
2711:
The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
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2088:
951:
flies appear to be important ecological constraints on
577:
Fire ants are resilient and can survive floods. During
502:
ants parasitically take advantage of are bees, such as
3033:
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington
2089:
Solley, GO; Vanderwoude, C; Knight, GK (3 June 2002).
1818:
1609:"Floating fire ants form rafts in Houston floodwaters"
1743:. Austin, Texas: The Texas Department of Agriculture.
1478:
999:
species, and some invasive pest species, such as the
434:
spp. ants can be identified by three body features—a
1969:"Red fire ants will make thongs a thing of the past"
1216:"Species: Pogonomyrmex barbatus - Red Harvester Ant"
818:
gel – the latter of which is also often included in
2631:Talcott, Patricia A.; Peterson, Michael E. (2013).
2433:
1435:
691:in 2001. These ants have now since been spotted in
360:None of these common names apply to all species of
1440:
1293:"Red Imported Fire Ant - UC Statewide IPM Program"
2587:
420:, are divided into three sections: the head, the
3428:
2935:
2237:McCarthy, John; Williams, Brian (25 July 2013).
2236:
2091:"Anaphylaxis due to Red Imported Fire Ant sting"
2630:
2031:(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) beyond North America"
1374:
1372:
1370:
1014:are also natural enemies of fire ants, such as
761:
604:winged reproductive females, queens and workers
2860:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
2815:
2708:
1763:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
1738:
1481:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
1411:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
971:, where the ants first entered North America.
450:, which injects an alkaloid venom, as well as
2986:
2668:. American Osteopathic College of Dermatology
1695:
1408:
1218:. Wildcat Bluff Nature Center. Archived from
646:Further information on invasive species:
1996:"'Aggressive' red ants found at Sydney port"
1536:
1534:
1532:
1367:
1244:. Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)
967:counties in Texas, as well as south central
592:
2536:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2145:"Public health significance of Urban Pests"
1741:Imported Fire Ants: Life History and Impact
15:
2811:
2809:
1662:"The Secret to Ant Efficiency Is Idleness"
874:with its sticky leaves that trap many ants
150:
54:"Red ant" redirects here. For the species
16:
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2751:
2564:
2554:
2543:Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology
2513:
2313:
2048:
1846:
1836:
1753:
1634:Ouellette, Jennifer (16 September 2022).
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2348:Fox, Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson (2014),
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24:This is an accepted version of this page
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2752:Ehrenberg, Rachel (18 September 2009).
14:
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2537:Lee, Jason; Betschel, Stephen (2013).
2356:, Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 1–16,
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1966:
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519:relationships with several species of
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1739:Vinson, S.B.; Sorenson, A.A. (1986).
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1451:of Harvard University Press. p.
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3414:025049B0-84D2-BF68-E37A-D8F48DF9FF04
3401:c5285299-5acd-49ce-9893-73e690bc4053
3300:c9137670-afb2-4956-86be-a84ed239ca13
1516:
1379:Drees, Bastiaan M. (December 2002).
887:, phorid fly parasitoid of fire ants
667:, known in the United States as the
2754:"Venom attracts decapitating flies"
2347:
2265:"Lizards' Dance Avoids Deadly Ants"
1967:Murphy, Damien (13 December 2014).
1540:
1320:International Journal of Toxicology
1160:Red imported fire ants in Australia
641:
574:(having multiple queens per nest).
321:, which includes over 200 species.
48:
3070:
2462:
2338:
2263:Bryner, Jeanna (26 January 2009).
2142:
2107:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04548.x
2064:McDonald, Maggie (February 2006).
1686:
1507:
1469:
826:treatments include the anesthetic
656:Sign for the Fire Ant Festival in
546:, often near moist areas, such as
515:Fire ants have been known to form
368:; for example, several species of
49:
3453:
3103:
2938:Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
2903:Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
2816:Ellison, DM; Gotelli, NJ (2009).
2050:10.13102/sociobiology.v60i1.50-55
1213:
617:
3123:
3109:
3001:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.03.018
2723:10.1097/00000433-199806000-00007
2211:Condon, Matthew (27 July 2013).
2095:The Medical Journal of Australia
1872:"Abundance of the Parasitic Ant
923:. Some 110 species of the genus
163:
82:
3023:
2980:
2929:
2894:
2850:
2773:
2702:
2680:
2658:
2624:
2581:
2530:
2436:New England Journal of Medicine
2427:
2383:
2256:
2230:
2204:
2173:
2136:
2082:
2057:
2018:
1988:
1960:
1905:
1863:
1825:Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
1812:
1788:
1747:
1732:
1653:
1627:
1601:
1561:
490:, a compound from the class of
2822:Journal of Experimental Botany
2362:10.1007/978-94-007-6649-5_38-1
2302:Emergency Medicine Australasia
1429:
1402:
1307:
1285:
1234:
1207:
899:; two species in this family (
728:were confirmed, including the
364:nor exclusively to species of
13:
1:
2354:Venom Genomics and Proteomics
2143:Oi, David H. (25 June 2008).
1754:Tschinkel, Walter R. (1987).
1710:10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.428
1165:
391:
2915:10.1016/0022-2011(92)90133-O
2872:10.1603/0013-8746-101.6.1162
2602:10.1016/0024-3205(93)90546-F
2393:Journal of Proteome Research
1660:Gorman, James (2018-08-16).
847:
762:Sting symptoms and treatment
512:extremely low temperatures.
297:
7:
3045:10.4289/0013-8797.120.2.308
2448:10.1056/NEJM199008163230707
2350:"Venom Toxins of Fire Ants"
2025:Wetterer, James K. (2013).
2004:Australian Associated Press
1133:
457:
438:with two nodes, an unarmed
333:reflect this, for example,
10:
3458:
3437:Insects of Central America
2498:10.1038/s41598-018-32327-z
1145:Ants of medical importance
1040:List of Solenopsis species
1037:
1033:
778:structurally derived from
645:
626:
53:
3150:
2950:10.1016/j.jip.2018.07.009
2152:World Health Organization
1267:"Fire ant identification"
593:Queens, males and workers
296:
289:
278:
271:
160:Scientific classification
158:
149:
73:
64:Fire ant (disambiguation)
1880:Environmental Entomology
1388:Texas A&M University
1242:"Wasmannia auropunctata"
608:
329:ants, and most of their
31:latest accepted revision
2688:"Insects and Scorpions"
2634:Small animal toxicology
2315:10.1111/1742-6723.14165
1938:10.1126/science.1198734
1103:Solenopsis solenopsidis
984:) and various kinds of
919:in its native range in
308:are several species of
2556:10.1186/1710-1492-9-25
1423:10.1093/aesa/60.5.1007
1333:10.1080/10915810305090
1023:Metarhizium anisopliae
1012:entomopathogenic fungi
888:
875:
861:
771:
660:
605:
542:Fire ants nest in the
467:
413:
401:
385:Wasmannia auropunctata
80:Early Oligocene–Recent
62:. For other uses, see
2181:"Service Unavailable"
1974:Sydney Morning Herald
1775:10.1093/aesa/80.2.263
1615:. London. August 2017
1493:10.1093/aesa/80.4.513
1093:Solenopsis silvestrii
1083:Solenopsis saevissima
988:also trap many ants.
917:red imported fire ant
902:Pseudacteon tricuspis
881:
867:
855:
769:
669:red imported fire ant
655:
648:Red imported fire ant
600:
465:
407:
399:
354:Pogonomyrmex barbatus
56:Pogonomyrmex barbatus
3295:Fauna Europaea (new)
3120:at Wikimedia Commons
2799:10.1653/024.094.0213
2786:Florida Entomologist
1892:10.1093/ee/26.5.1143
1874:Solenopsis daguerrei
1574:Florida Entomologist
1543:"Imported Fire Ants"
1541:Lockley, Timothy C.
1523:Animal Diversity Web
1517:Watt, Loren (2001).
908:Pseudacteon curvatus
884:Pseudacteon curvatus
635:Solenopsis daguerrei
408:Detail of the head (
2490:2018NatSR...814427Z
2161:on 22 February 2017
1930:2011Sci...331.1066A
1924:(6020): 1066–1068.
1838:10.1155/2012/398061
1549:on 30 December 2014
1437:Walter R. Tschinkel
1273:on 18 February 2014
1123:Solenopsis geminata
1073:Solenopsis richteri
755:Solenopsis geminata
697:Solenopsis geminata
505:Euglossa imperialis
410:Solenopsis geminata
280:Solenopsis geminata
21:Page version status
2989:Biological Control
2835:10.1093/jxb/ern179
2478:Scientific Reports
2029:Solenopsis invicta
2027:"Exotic spread of
1914:Solenopsis invicta
1666:The New York Times
1127:(Fabricius, 1804)
1063:Solenopsis invicta
1017:Beauveria bassiana
889:
876:
862:
772:
749:Solenopsis invicta
665:Solenopsis invicta
661:
606:
468:
414:
402:
339:tropical fire ants
27:
3424:
3423:
3182:Solenopsis (ICZN)
3144:Taxon identifiers
3114:Media related to
3095:978-3-540-52092-4
2596:(14): 1105–1112.
2405:10.1021/pr300451g
2006:. 8 December 2014
1519:"Lycaena rubidus"
1462:978-0-674-02207-2
1128:
1118:
1113:Solenopsis xyloni
1108:
1098:
1088:
1078:
1068:
891:Phorid flies, or
715:loss, as well as
303:
302:
267:
60:Red harvester ant
51:Genus of red ants
39:27 September 2024
18:
3449:
3442:Solenopsis (ant)
3417:
3416:
3404:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3381:
3380:
3378:NHMSYS0000876672
3368:
3367:
3355:
3354:
3342:
3341:
3329:
3328:
3316:
3315:
3303:
3302:
3290:
3289:
3277:
3276:
3264:
3263:
3251:
3250:
3238:
3237:
3225:
3224:
3212:
3211:
3199:
3198:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3139:
3138:
3128:Data related to
3127:
3113:
3099:
3082:Edward O. Wilson
3065:
3064:
3027:
3021:
3020:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2866:(6): 1162–1168.
2854:
2848:
2847:
2837:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2666:"Fire Ant Bites"
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2568:
2558:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2517:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2399:(9): 4643–4653.
2387:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2345:
2336:
2335:
2317:
2293:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2243:The Courier Mail
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2217:The Courier Mail
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2192:
2186:. Archived from
2185:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2160:
2149:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1886:(5): 1143–1148.
1867:
1861:
1860:
1850:
1840:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1800:fireant.tamu.edu
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1760:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1538:
1527:
1526:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1446:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1417:(5): 1007–1014.
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1385:
1376:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1352:. Archived from
1335:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1263:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1178:
1126:
1116:
1107:(Kusnezov, 1953)
1106:
1096:
1086:
1076:
1066:
1003:, and the black
820:over-the-counter
658:Ashburn, Georgia
642:Invasive species
579:Hurricane Harvey
554:shores, watered
527:butterflies. In
262:
168:
167:
154:
144:
81:
77:Temporal range:
71:
70:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3412:
3407:
3399:
3397:
3389:
3384:
3376:
3371:
3363:
3358:
3350:
3345:
3337:
3332:
3324:
3319:
3311:
3306:
3298:
3293:
3285:
3280:
3272:
3267:
3259:
3254:
3246:
3241:
3233:
3228:
3220:
3215:
3207:
3202:
3194:
3189:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3146:
3106:
3096:
3078:Bert Hölldobler
3073:
3071:Further reading
3068:
3028:
3024:
2985:
2981:
2934:
2930:
2899:
2895:
2855:
2851:
2814:
2807:
2778:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2750:
2746:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2629:
2625:
2586:
2582:
2535:
2531:
2470:
2463:
2432:
2428:
2388:
2384:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2346:
2339:
2294:
2283:
2273:
2271:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2209:
2205:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2147:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2087:
2083:
2062:
2058:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1965:
1961:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1868:
1864:
1817:
1813:
1804:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1737:
1733:
1694:
1687:
1678:
1676:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1539:
1530:
1515:
1508:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1434:
1430:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1391:
1383:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1357:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1225:
1223:
1222:on 2 April 2015
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1179:
1172:
1168:
1136:
1131:
1042:
1036:
1001:tawny crazy ant
850:
835:diphenhydramine
782:(also known as
764:
702:In the US, the
650:
644:
629:
620:
611:
595:
530:Lycaena rubidus
470:A typical fire
460:
394:
285:
284:Fabricius, 1804
282:
261:
162:
145:
143:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
79:
78:
75:
67:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
3455:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3405:
3395:
3382:
3369:
3356:
3343:
3330:
3317:
3304:
3291:
3282:Fauna Europaea
3278:
3265:
3252:
3239:
3226:
3213:
3200:
3187:
3172:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3136:
3135:
3134:at Wikispecies
3121:
3105:
3104:External links
3102:
3101:
3100:
3094:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3039:(2): 308–411.
3022:
2979:
2928:
2909:(3): 280–285.
2893:
2849:
2805:
2792:(2): 208–213.
2772:
2744:
2701:
2679:
2657:
2644:978-1455707171
2643:
2623:
2580:
2529:
2461:
2426:
2382:
2370:
2337:
2308:(4): 560–563.
2281:
2255:
2229:
2203:
2172:
2135:
2081:
2056:
2017:
2000:The Australian
1987:
1959:
1904:
1862:
1811:
1787:
1769:(2): 263–266.
1746:
1731:
1685:
1652:
1626:
1600:
1580:(3): 381–382.
1560:
1528:
1506:
1487:(4): 513–519.
1468:
1461:
1428:
1401:
1366:
1306:
1284:
1255:
1233:
1214:Reins, Dusty.
1206:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1119:
1109:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1069:
1058:
1038:Main article:
1035:
1032:
986:pitcher plants
849:
846:
842:hydrocortisone
839:corticosteroid
763:
760:
730:Lockyer Valley
643:
640:
628:
625:
619:
618:Males (drones)
616:
610:
607:
594:
591:
536:Eurybia elvina
459:
456:
418:mature insects
400:Fire ant mound
393:
390:
380:Southeast Asia
301:
300:
294:
293:
287:
286:
283:
276:
275:
269:
268:
254:
250:
249:
244:
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
156:
155:
147:
146:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
76:
50:
28:
22:
19:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3454:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3133:
3132:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3026:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2810:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2748:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2717:(2): 137–42.
2716:
2712:
2705:
2689:
2683:
2667:
2661:
2646:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2627:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2590:Life Sciences
2584:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2466:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2373:
2371:9789400766495
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2342:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2193:on 2017-02-24
2189:
2182:
2176:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2101:(11): 521–3.
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2071:New Scientist
2067:
2060:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2021:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
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1447:. Cambridge:
1445:
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1443:The Fire Ants
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1356:on 2021-04-27
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2775:
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2759:Science News
2757:
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2439:
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2272:. Retrieved
2269:Live Science
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2246:. Retrieved
2242:
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2220:. Retrieved
2216:
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2195:. Retrieved
2188:the original
2175:
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2156:the original
2138:
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2098:
2094:
2084:
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2059:
2040:
2036:Sociobiology
2034:
2028:
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
1999:
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1972:
1962:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1883:
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1697:
1677:. Retrieved
1665:
1655:
1643:. Retrieved
1640:Ars Technica
1639:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1612:
1603:
1591:. Retrieved
1577:
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1551:. Retrieved
1547:the original
1522:
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1410:
1404:
1392:. Retrieved
1358:. Retrieved
1354:the original
1323:
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1309:
1297:. Retrieved
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1271:the original
1246:. Retrieved
1236:
1224:. Retrieved
1220:the original
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:
1187:
1121:
1117:McCook, 1879
1111:
1101:
1091:
1081:
1071:
1061:
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1026:
1021:
1015:
1010:A number of
1009:
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979:
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890:
882:
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747:
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709:veterinarian
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664:
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621:
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541:
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510:
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454:for biting.
431:
430:
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409:
383:
373:
365:
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352:
346:
342:
338:
334:
331:common names
322:
317:
316:
305:
304:
279:
273:Type species
257:
256:
68:
55:
38:
29:This is the
23:
3321:iNaturalist
3176:Wikispecies
2995:: 141–149.
2765:30 December
2672:30 December
2650:30 December
2274:30 December
2248:30 December
2222:30 December
2165:30 December
2128:30 December
2078:(2538): 50.
2010:30 December
1980:30 December
1897:30 December
1848:11449/73386
1780:30 December
1593:30 December
1553:30 December
1394:30 December
1326:(2): 81–6.
1299:30 December
1277:30 December
1226:30 December
1155:Bulldog ant
1097:Emery, 1906
1077:Forel, 1909
1067:Buren, 1972
949:Pseudacteon
931:Pseudacteon
926:Pseudacteon
913:parasitoids
797:anaphylaxis
784:solenopsins
548:river banks
517:mutualistic
492:piperidines
444:formic acid
370:weaver ants
335:ginger ants
298:201 species
233:Subfamily:
217:Hymenoptera
3431:Categories
3365:solenopsis
3209:Solenopsis
3196:Solenopsis
3152:Solenopsis
3131:Solenopsis
3117:Solenopsis
2377:2018-12-07
2197:2017-06-20
1805:2019-04-13
1679:2019-01-17
1645:18 October
1360:2018-12-29
1188:Solenopsis
1182:Bolton, B.
1166:References
1150:Bullet ant
1054:Solenopsis
1050:thief ants
1046:Solenopsis
1044:The genus
994:Solenopsis
953:Solenopsis
837:, and the
828:benzocaine
807:proteins.
805:allergenic
801:adrenaline
780:piperidine
711:bills and
602:Solenopsis
572:polygynous
525:Riodinidae
521:Lycaenidae
500:Solenopsis
488:solenopsin
472:ant colony
432:Solenopsis
392:Appearance
375:Oecophylla
366:Solenopsis
362:Solenopsis
323:Solenopsis
318:Solenopsis
258:Solenopsis
237:Myrmicinae
227:Formicidae
197:Arthropoda
3053:0013-8797
3017:132021733
3009:1049-9644
2958:0022-2011
2944:: 73–76.
2923:0022-2011
2880:0013-8746
2610:0024-3205
2549:(1): 25.
2506:2045-2322
2413:1535-3893
2332:255469772
2043:: 53–63.
1857:0033-2615
1704:: 77–83.
1674:0362-4331
1619:30 August
1501:0013-8746
1140:Ant venom
1005:crazy ant
997:thief ant
939:hemolymph
848:Predators
816:aloe vera
788:urticaria
776:alkaloids
713:livestock
677:Australia
452:mandibles
440:propodeum
306:Fire ants
291:Diversity
183:Kingdom:
177:Eukaryota
3230:BugGuide
3167:Q1075697
3161:Wikidata
3086:The Ants
3084:(1990).
3061:91162352
2974:51677575
2966:30017951
2888:83922482
2844:19213724
2739:39162329
2694:11 April
2575:23837799
2524:30258210
2421:22881118
2324:36596650
2123:33650493
2115:12064982
1954:28149214
1946:21350177
1831:: 1–10.
1726:54481057
1718:30529381
1439:(2006).
1350:23324548
1342:12745988
1184:(2014).
1134:See also
893:Phoridae
726:Brisbane
689:Brisbane
481:alkaloid
458:Behavior
426:antennae
327:stinging
264:Westwood
223:Family:
193:Phylum:
187:Animalia
173:Domain:
74:Fire ant
35:reviewed
3339:1290610
3313:9107211
2731:9662108
2618:8396703
2566:3711928
2515:6158280
2486:Bibcode
2456:2197555
1926:Bibcode
1918:Science
1698:Toxicon
1199:20 July
1034:Species
981:Drosera
969:Alabama
915:of the
871:Drosera
824:topical
792:pustule
742:lizards
734:Muirlea
627:Workers
560:highway
486:called
436:pedicel
343:red ant
312:in the
253:Genus:
243:Tribe:
213:Order:
207:Insecta
203:Class:
3398:NZOR:
3352:154237
3274:1SOLEG
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3059:
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1952:
1944:
1855:
1724:
1716:
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1459:
1348:
1340:
1248:9 July
1194:AntCat
965:Dallas
963:, and
961:Brazos
957:Travis
943:enzyme
935:instar
911:) are
830:, the
738:Goodna
699:ants.
693:Sydney
685:Taiwan
564:timber
558:, and
422:thorax
266:, 1840
58:, see
3409:Plazi
3391:13685
3334:IRMNG
3326:67597
3287:80709
3261:33045
3235:30188
3057:S2CID
3013:S2CID
2970:S2CID
2884:S2CID
2735:S2CID
2328:S2CID
2191:(PDF)
2184:(PDF)
2159:(PDF)
2148:(PDF)
2119:S2CID
1950:S2CID
1759:(PDF)
1722:S2CID
1384:(PDF)
1346:S2CID
681:China
609:Queen
583:Texas
556:lawns
484:venom
448:sting
314:genus
3386:NCBI
3360:MNHN
3347:ITIS
3308:GBIF
3269:EPPO
3248:7JFX
3222:1969
3217:BOLD
3090:ISBN
3080:and
3049:ISSN
3005:ISSN
2962:PMID
2954:ISSN
2919:ISSN
2876:ISSN
2840:PMID
2767:2014
2727:PMID
2696:2008
2674:2014
2652:2014
2639:ISBN
2614:PMID
2606:ISSN
2571:PMID
2520:PMID
2502:ISSN
2452:PMID
2417:PMID
2409:ISSN
2366:ISBN
2320:PMID
2276:2014
2250:2014
2224:2014
2167:2014
2130:2014
2111:PMID
2012:2014
1982:2014
1942:PMID
1899:2014
1853:ISSN
1829:2012
1782:2014
1714:PMID
1670:ISSN
1647:2022
1621:2017
1595:2014
1555:2014
1497:ISSN
1457:ISBN
1396:2014
1338:PMID
1301:2014
1279:2014
1250:2015
1228:2014
1201:2014
1020:and
974:The
905:and
736:and
717:crop
683:and
568:dome
552:pond
544:soil
523:and
496:fire
477:acid
351:and
337:and
325:are
310:ants
85:Preęž’
3373:NBN
3256:EoL
3243:CoL
3204:AFD
3191:ADW
3041:doi
3037:120
2997:doi
2993:134
2946:doi
2942:156
2911:doi
2868:doi
2864:101
2830:doi
2794:doi
2719:doi
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2561:PMC
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
