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1219:(Pulmonary heart disease), and altered pulmonary immune defense mechanisms. While adverse effects on adults are notable, children appear to be at greatest risk. Many studies that focused specifically on RWC have concluded that young children living in homes heated by a wood-burning stove had a greater occurrence of moderate and severe chronic respiratory symptoms than children of the same age and sex who did not live in homes heated with a wood burning stove. Exposure of preschool children living in homes heated with wood burning stoves or in houses with open fireplaces yielded these effects: decreased pulmonary
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These modified fireplaces are often equipped with a large fire window, enabling an efficient heating process in two phases. During the first phase the initial heat is provided through a large glass window while the fire is burning. During this time the structure, built of refractory bricks, absorbs the heat. This heat is then evenly radiated for many hours during the second phase. Masonry fireplaces without a glass fire window only provide heat radiated from its surface. Depending on the outside
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Ventless fireplaces (duct free/room-venting fireplaces) are fueled by either gel, liquid propane, bottled gas or natural gas. In the United States, some states and local counties have laws restricting these types of fireplaces. They must be properly sized to the area to be heated. There are also air
1167:
though have an efficiency rating of at least 80% (legal minimum requirement, for example, in
Salzburg, Austria). To improve efficiency, fireplaces can also be modified by inserting special heavy fireboxes designed to burn much cleaner and can reach efficiencies as high as 80% in heating the air.
509:
Chimneys were invented in northern Europe in the 11th or 12th century and largely fixed the problem of smoke, more reliably venting it outside. They made it possible to give the fireplace a draft, and also made it possible to put fireplaces in multiple rooms in buildings conveniently. They did not
2185:
Burning of natural gas not only produces a variety of gases such as sulfur oxides, mercury compounds, and particulate matter but also leads to the production of nitrogen oxides, primarily nitrogen dioxide...The burning of biomass fuel or any other fossil fuel increases the concentration of black
137:
On the exterior, there is often a corbelled brick crown, in which the projecting courses of brick act as a drip course to keep rainwater from running down the exterior walls. A cap, hood, or shroud serves to keep rainwater out of the exterior of the chimney; rain in the chimney is a much greater
486:
Ancient fire pits were sometimes built in the ground, within caves, or in the center of a hut or dwelling. Evidence of prehistoric, man-made fires exists on all five inhabited continents. The disadvantage of early indoor fire pits was that they produced toxic and/or irritating smoke inside the
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802:
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2067:
Kraemer, Robert; Knobloch, Karsten; Lorenzen, Johan; Breuing, Karl H.; Koennecker, Soeren; Rennekampff, Hans-Oliver; Vogt, Peter M. (March–April 2001). "Severe Burn
Injuries Caused by Bioethanol-Design Fireplaces—An Overview on Recreational Fire Threats".
2022:
Novosel, I; Kovačić, Z; Gusić, S; Batelja, L; Nestić, M; Seiwerth, S; Skavić, J (April 2011). "Immunohistochemical detection of early myocardial damage in two sudden deaths due to intentional butane inhalation. Two case reports with review of literature".
565:
Over time, the purpose of fireplaces has changed from one of necessity to one of visual interest. Early ones were more fire pits than modern fireplaces. They were used for warmth on cold days and nights, as well as for cooking. They also served as a
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of the 1870s and 1880s took on a more traditional spectra based on stone and deflected unnecessary ornamentation. Rather it relied on simple designs with little unnecessary ornamentation. In the 1890s, the
Aesthetic movement gave way to the
505:
were invented to prevent smoke from spreading through a room and vent it out through a wall or roof. These could be placed against stone walls, instead of taking up the middle of the room, and this allowed smaller rooms to be heated.
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1965:
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Observations on the
Forgotten Art of Building a Good Fireplace: The Story of Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, an American Genius & His Principles of Fireplace Design which Have Remained Unchanged for 174
751:
716:
589:. They perfected a style of fireplace design that was used for generations. It was smaller, more brightly lit, with an emphasis on the quality of the materials used in their construction, instead of their size.
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1315:
Propane, butane, and methane are all flammable gases used in fireplaces (natural gas is mostly methane, liquefied petroleum gas mostly propane). If they are allowed to accumulate unburned, gases can cause
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A wide range of accessories are used with fireplaces, which range between countries, regions, and historical periods. For the interior, common in recent
Western cultures include grates,
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934:
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are sometimes used to capture and re-radiate heat, to protect the back of the fireplace, and as decoration. Fenders are low metal frames set in front of the fireplace to contain
1987:
Fukunaga, T; Yamamoto, H; Tanegashima, A; Yamamoto, Y; Nishi, K (25 October 1996). "Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) poisoning: report of two cases and review of the literature".
1955:
1159:
Enclosed wood-fueled fireplace equipped with a blower fan which takes in air through the bottom vent, blows it around the firebox to heat it, and releases it via the top vent
812:
557:, where the emphasis was still placed on providing quality stone. Stone fireplaces at this time were a symbol of prosperity, which to some degree is still the notion today.
362:
are fueled by either liquid propane or natural gas. They are completely sealed from the area that is heated, and vent all exhaust gasses to the exterior of the structure.
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designed a fireplace with a tall, shallow firebox that was better at drawing the smoke up and out of the building. The shallow design also improved greatly the amount of
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1933:
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can also be increased with the use of a fireback, a piece of metal that sits behind the fire and reflects heat back into the room. Firebacks are traditionally made from
703:
994:
1909:
577:, came large-scale housing developments, necessitating a standardization of fireplaces. The most renowned fireplace designers of this time were the Adam Brothers:
3802:
644:
521:, raised the grate of the fireplace, improving the airflow and venting system. The 18th century saw two important developments in the history of fireplaces.
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1879:
375:
chimneys. Fundamental design flaws bankrupted the US manufacturers and made the design obsolete. These chimneys often show vertical cracks on the exterior.
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1057:
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can continue to cause changes and structural damage within the respiratory system. Young children, seniors, pregnant women, smokers and individuals with
191:
A few types are wall mounted electric fireplaces, electric fireplace stoves, electric mantel fireplaces, and fixed or free standing electric fireplaces.
75:. Fireplaces are used for the relaxing ambiance they create and for heating a room. Modern fireplaces vary in heat efficiency, depending on the design.
1654:
640:
1279:. Some of these pollutants are known to cause cancer but their effects on human health via exposure to wood smoke have not been extensively studied.
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875:
765:
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1283:
The
Washington State Department of Ecology also published a booklet explaining why wood smoke can be dangerous. It explains that human lung and
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150:
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Newly constructed flues may feature a chase cover, a cap, and a spark arrestor at the top to keep small animals out and to prevent
5019:
2202:"Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygenation Versus Normobaric Oxygenation Therapy in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Systematic Review"
490:
Fire pits developed into raised hearths in buildings, but venting smoke depended on open windows or holes in roofs. The medieval
2271:
2404:
1649:
154:
1930:
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and tool stands. Other wider accessories can include log baskets, companion sets, coal buckets, cabinet accessories and more.
2341:
1743:
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from being broadcast into the atmosphere. All gas fireplaces require trained gas service members to carry out installations.
308:
3807:
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1398:
1901:
1871:
3630:
2070:
378:
Metal-lined flue: Double- or triple-walled metal pipe running up inside a new or existing wood-framed or masonry chase.
1471:
Smoke shelf—A shelf below the smoke chamber and behind the damper. It collects debris and water falling down the flue.
281:
3672:
3385:
2921:
2650:
2528:
2477:
2327:
2200:
Casillas, Sebastian; Galindo, Antonio; Camarillo-Reyes, Luis A.; Varon, Joseph; Surani, Salim R. (October 15, 2019).
1729:
1300:
1276:
2741:
1707:
1264:
616:, some elementary classrooms would contain decorated fireplaces to ease children's transition from home to school.
494:
typically had a centrally located hearth, where an open fire burned with the smoke rising to the vent in the roof.
17:
293:
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within the home. These fire pits were usually centered within a room, allowing more people to gather around it.
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2469:
1677:
1414:
Andiron—Either one of two horizontal metal bars resting on short legs intended to support firewood in a hearth.
971:
871:
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were developed during the Middle Ages to allow the roof vents to be covered so rain and snow would not enter.
3784:
3728:
3723:
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2828:
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Back (fireback)—The inside, rear wall of the fireplace of masonry or metal that reflects heat into the room.
1299:
are most vulnerable. Wood smoke can cause disease and even death in children, because it is associated with
4886:
3345:
2896:
2817:
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1644:
959:
1462:
Insert—The fireplace insert is a device inserted into an existing masonry or prefabricated wood fireplace.
332:
4716:
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3490:
3001:
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concludes that there are a wide variety of health risks posed by residential wood combustion. It states:
913:
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3718:
3425:
3190:
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Some fireplace units incorporate a blower, which transfers more of the fireplace's heat to the air via
514:
604:. The insert was where the fire burned, and was constructed of cast iron often backed with decorative
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by pulling air from a basement and venting out a longer area at the top. In the later 18th century,
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1902:"RIS - Heizungsanlagen-Verordnung 2010 - Landesrecht konsolidiert Salzburg, Fassung vom 14.05.2021"
1448:
Hearth—The floor of a fireplace. The part of a hearth which projects into a room may be called the
789:
679:
554:
353:
2315:
RSMeans
Illustrated Construction Dictionary: The Complete Source of Construction Terms and Concept
4282:
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261:
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Mantel—Either the shelf above a fireplace or the structure to support masonry above a fireplace
1352:
1240:
944:
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586:
138:
problem in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metal liners than with the traditional
91:
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Most older fireplaces have a relatively low efficiency rating. Standard, modern, wood-burning
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1080:
578:
574:
359:
1820:
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Brick trimmer—A brick arch supporting a hearth or shielding a joist in front of a fireplace.
1132:, with a high surface area in its heat exchanger and a lift out ash tray to simplify cleanup
879:
4908:
4684:
4414:
4267:
3744:
3734:
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3615:
3510:
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816:
730:
518:
157:
warn that, according to various studies, fireplaces can pose health risks. The EPA writes "
1609:
1204:
510:
come into general use immediately, however, as they were expensive to build and maintain.
8:
5014:
4881:
4689:
3610:
3600:
3574:
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3022:
2931:
2901:
2801:
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can produce carbon monoxide, which is highly poisonous and can cause death and long-term
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372:
271:
820:
785:
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2000:
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2225:
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2107:
2099:
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2004:
1850:
1735:
1725:
1721:
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1528:
1474:
Throat (waist)—The narrow area above a fireplace usually where the damper is located.
1053:
522:
393:
A fender (colorized) is set in front of the fireplace to contain embers, soot and ash
267:
43:
2394:
1956:"Derek Kehler and Helena Curic identified as young couple killed in Kurrajong cabin"
110:
to escape. A fireplace may have the following: a foundation, a hearth, a firebox, a
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2032:
1996:
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projected into the room. Rumford's design is the foundation for modern fireplaces.
111:
2153:
1363:
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By the 1800s, most new fireplaces were made up of two parts, the surround and the
389:
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3140:
3125:
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2916:
2911:
2781:
2705:
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2506:
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2399:
2313:
2266:
2087:
1937:
1711:
1256:
1252:
1149:
738:
567:
473:
451:
369:
Masonry (brick or stone fireplaces and chimneys) with or without tile-lined flue.
1766:"History of Antique Fireplaces | Victorian, Georgian & Edwardian Fireplaces"
596:. The surround consisted of the mantelpiece and side supports, usually in wood,
4993:
4851:
4711:
4532:
4400:
4348:
4314:
4302:
4297:
4168:
4163:
3657:
3554:
3330:
3310:
3275:
3210:
3130:
2971:
2961:
2870:
2720:
2690:
2645:
2640:
2036:
1436:—The part of the chimney which projects into a room to accommodate a fireplace.
1433:
1379:
1348:
1336:
1291:
emitted by wood combustion, which penetrate deeply into the lungs. For months,
1164:
963:
925:
917:
894:
840:
526:
419:
234:
196:
143:
64:
3953:
1140:, resulting in a more evenly heated space and a lower heating load. Fireplace
761:
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4133:
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4049:
3961:
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3220:
3215:
3170:
3165:
3011:
2986:
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2926:
2796:
2695:
2675:
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2566:
2487:
2337:
2229:
2162:
2139:
2103:
2095:
1739:
1543:
1488:
1340:
898:
609:
542:
538:
349:
127:
115:
1439:
Crane—Metal arms mounted on pintles, which swing and hold pots above a fire.
142:
chimney, which soaks up all but the most violent rain. Some chimneys have a
4871:
4741:
4628:
4623:
4593:
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4433:
4429:
4405:
4357:
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2715:
2700:
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2180:
2111:
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1513:
1406:
Several of these terms may be compounded with chimney or fireplace such as
1387:
1332:
1288:
1272:
1260:
1208:
1129:
549:
502:
383:
30:
2008:
1420:
Ash dump—An opening in a hearth to sweep ashes for later removal from the
4964:
4949:
4761:
4598:
4514:
4505:
4485:
4456:
4390:
4061:
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4019:
4009:
3996:
3927:
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3290:
3250:
3235:
3180:
3105:
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3070:
2886:
2751:
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1493:
1459:
Hearthstone—A large stone or other materials used as the hearth material.
1383:
1244:
1169:
990:
582:
257:
228:
171:
107:
2220:
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4004:
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3185:
3160:
3065:
2865:
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1292:
1228:
1224:
1200:
1141:
1137:
734:
687:
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131:
123:
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4323:
4262:
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3095:
2891:
2465:
1503:
1344:
1145:
1026:
1002:
613:
411:
203:
1239:; and increased incidence, duration, and possibly severity of acute
38:
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4934:
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4856:
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4756:
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4128:
4083:
3625:
3559:
3060:
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2660:
2635:
2610:
2199:
1986:
1442:
Damper—A metal door to close a flue when a fireplace is not in use.
1317:
1236:
1232:
1072:
1010:
967:
707:
682:
fireplace, unknown architect or sculptor, 16th century, limestone,
664:
345:
216:
207:
95:
79:
1845:
Mariana Celac, Octavian
Carabela and Marius Marcu-Lapadat (2017).
4795:
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4537:
4375:
4333:
4257:
4189:
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4044:
3135:
2807:
1324:(a liquid, also sold in gels) fires can also cause severe burns.
1321:
1268:
1199:
With regard to adults, studies show that prolonged inhalation of
1030:
921:
722:
636:
612:
were thought to add a cosy ambiance to homes. In the US state of
601:
573:
Many flaws were found in early fireplace designs. Along with the
534:
455:
415:
300:
253:
245:
211:
139:
99:
87:
83:
1797:"Tile Town: Century-Old Illustrated Fireplace Delights Students"
1706:
1678:"Best Ventless Fireplace Logs Review | Expert Guide | Updated |"
1477:
Wing—The sides of a fireplace above the opening near the throat.
1155:
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4790:
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4385:
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249:
119:
55:
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4071:
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3827:
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2462:
Home Fires: How
Americans Kept Warm in the Nineteenth Century
1112:
975:
467:
459:
439:
175:
158:
68:
60:
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4954:
4913:
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4804:
4751:
4272:
4252:
3984:
3335:
3255:
1220:
1172:, 1 to 2 daily firings are sufficient to ensure a constant
784:
Rococo fireplace in the Oval Salon of the
Princesse in the
605:
443:
431:
427:
222:
185:
103:
72:
2021:
1107:
Video of an antique fireplace in a historical building in
835:
Neoclassical marble fireplace in the green dining room of
188:
or gas or retrofit with log inserts or electric fireboxes.
1331:. Emissions include airborne particulate matter (such as
447:
241:
529:
that greatly improved the efficiency of fireplaces and
2365:"Wood Burning Fireplace Insert (2021 Reviews Updated)"
1942:
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B
710:, France, unknown architect or sculptor, 16th century
667:, France, unknown architect or sculptor, 15th century
118:(used in kitchen and laundry fireplaces), a grate, a
901:, Paris, unknown architect or sculptor, 19th century
2135:"Household air pollution and its effects on health"
1359:. Some forms of fuel are more harmful than others.
608:. As well as providing heat, the fireplaces of the
130:, a smoke chamber, a throat, a flue, and a chimney
1953:
1645:"Smoke health effects & burning alternatives"
426:. A grate (or fire grate) is a frame, usually of
5006:
1954:Partridge, Emma; Aubusson, Kate (June 9, 2015).
1849:. Ordinul Arhitecților din România. p. 80.
1025:Rococo Revival fireplace in Strada Bocșa no. 4,
560:
3983:
1386:. Other emissions, such as nitrogen oxides and
1192:Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health
3969:
2574:
2057:Suffocations may be caused by propane, butane
1615:United States Environmental Protection Agency
151:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1417:Arch—An arched top of the fireplace opening.
344:quality control issues due to the amount of
161:may smell good, but it's not good for you."
90:and domestic uses. A fire is contained in a
1872:"Three Steps to a More Efficient Fireplace"
1847:Bucharest Architecture - an annotated guide
78:Historically, they were used for heating a
3976:
3962:
3341:High efficiency glandless circulating pump
2590:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
2581:
2567:
1052:fireplace in the Gheorghe Petrașcu House (
422:, all of which cradle fuel and accelerate
27:Device for firing solid fuels in buildings
2237:
2219:
2170:
2152:
2133:Apte, Komalkirti; Salvi, Sundeep (2016).
2132:
1710:(March 21, 2016). Hall, Dennis J. (ed.).
1639:
1637:
3775:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation
2362:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
1397:
1373:
1154:
1123:
916:fireplace in the banqueting hall of the
472:
396:
388:
37:
29:
2311:
1320:by displacing air, and gas explosions.
943:"sitting room" with a fireplace in the
450:. For fireplace tending, tools include
348:they release into the room air, and an
14:
5007:
2494:
2025:Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
1968:from the original on February 21, 2021
1650:Washington State Department of Ecology
1634:
1587:from the original on February 16, 2021
1378:Burning any hydrocarbon fuel releases
170:Manufactured fireplaces are made with
164:
155:Washington State Department of Ecology
3957:
3648:Programmable communicating thermostat
2562:
2513:
2459:
2427:"Chimney and Fireplace Configuration"
2363:Perryman, Oliver (January 19, 2021).
2286:
1882:from the original on January 15, 2013
1776:from the original on October 27, 2020
1675:
1657:from the original on January 17, 2021
1604:
1602:
1568:
1465:Jamb—The side of a fireplace opening.
1390:, can be harmful to the environment.
1339:. These harm health: they weaken the
1189:A literature review published in the
1119:
3770:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
2460:Adams, Sean Patrick (May 15, 2014).
1310:
1303:. Home fireplaces have caused fatal
815:, Palace of Versailles, designed by
527:convection chamber for the fireplace
146:incorporated into the crown or cap.
2071:Journal of Burn Care & Research
1931:The Toxicology of Inhaled Woodsmoke
1869:
1794:
1716:. Illustrated by The Magnum Group.
1688:from the original on April 28, 2021
1571:"Chimney filters can save billions"
1445:Flue—The passageway in the chimney.
819:and decorated with bronzes made by
24:
3631:Minimum efficiency reporting value
2453:
2274:from the original on April 9, 2021
1599:
1327:Burning hydrocarbons can decrease
1301:lower respiratory tract infections
1075:fireplace in the boudoir from the
25:
5031:
3673:Standard temperature and pressure
3386:Packaged terminal air conditioner
2922:Passive daytime radiative cooling
2651:Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
2538:
2437:from the original on May 14, 2021
2375:from the original on May 14, 2021
2344:from the original on May 14, 2021
1746:from the original on May 14, 2021
1622:from the original on May 14, 2021
1179:
897:fireplace in the room 538 of the
184:can be built-in replacements for
4988:
4987:
2742:Absorption-compression heat pump
2407:from the original on May 9, 2021
1708:American Institute of Architects
1676:Logan, Matt (November 6, 2015).
1569:Skøtt, Torben (September 2007).
1265:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
1091:
1065:
1042:
1018:
983:
952:
933:
906:
887:
856:
828:
801:
777:
750:
715:
695:
672:
652:
621:
331:
319:
307:
292:
280:
3637:Normal temperature and pressure
3017:Vapor-compression refrigeration
2498:The Open Fire-place in All Ages
2495:Putnam, John Pickering (1882).
2419:
2387:
2356:
2254:
2193:
2126:
2060:
2051:
2015:
1980:
1947:
1923:
1912:from the original on 2018-02-15
1894:
1863:
1713:Architectural Graphic Standards
1227:; increased incidence of acute
1213:pulmonary arterial hypertension
5020:Residential heating appliances
2551:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
2470:Johns Hopkins University Press
2312:RSMeans (September 15, 2009).
1989:Forensic Science International
1838:
1813:
1788:
1758:
1700:
1669:
1562:
1243:. Residential wood combustion
972:Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille
405:
13:
1:
3785:Testing, adjusting, balancing
3729:Building information modeling
3724:Building services engineering
3301:Ground-coupled heat exchanger
2829:Demand controlled ventilation
2777:Building insulation materials
2514:Orton, Vrest (January 1969).
2154:10.12688/f1000research.7552.1
2001:10.1016/s0379-0738(96)01995-0
1555:
1034:
1007:Musée départemental de l'Oise
998:
742:
706:(Rue de la Madeleine no. 3),
702:Renaissance fireplace in the
561:Evolution of fireplace design
501:Also during the Middle Ages,
287:Traditional Himalayan Tandoor
199:fireplaces can be fueled by:
3346:High-pressure cut-off switch
2897:Ice storage air conditioning
2818:Dedicated outdoor air system
2088:10.1097/BCR.0b013e31820aade7
1610:"Wood Smoke and Your Health"
874:no. 25), Paris, designed by
338:Traditional Serbian Ognjište
299:Wood-burning fireplace with
7:
3689:Thermostatic radiator valve
3491:Thermostatic radiator valve
3002:Underfloor air distribution
2937:Radiant heating and cooling
2855:Energy recovery ventilation
2767:Automobile air conditioning
2631:Domestic energy consumption
1481:
1393:
633:Hôtel de préfecture du Cher
10:
5036:
3838:Institute of Refrigeration
3719:Architectural technologist
3191:Electrostatic precipitator
2521:Alan C. Hood & Company
2037:10.1016/j.jflm.2010.12.003
1539:Staffordshire dog figurine
1362:Burning hydrocarbon fuels
1231:and severity/frequency of
481:
4983:
4927:
4740:
4657:
4504:
4347:
4177:
4121:
3995:
3900:
3891:Volatile organic compound
3866:
3793:
3750:Environmental engineering
3714:Architectural engineering
3697:
3545:
3516:Ultra-low particulate air
3101:Automatic balancing valve
3048:
3029:Variable refrigerant flow
2881:Heat recovery ventilation
2824:Deep water source cooling
2734:
2596:
2080:American Burn Association
1961:The Sydney Morning Herald
1682:Ventless Fireplace Review
1305:carbon monoxide poisoning
1148:, but are also made from
872:Avenue des Champs-Élysées
813:Bibliothèque de Louis XVI
4697:Multi-family residential
3938:Template:Home automation
3760:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
3456:Solar-assisted heat pump
3056:Air conditioner inverter
2835:Displacement ventilation
2726:Vapour pressure of water
2711:Thermal destratification
1870:Tom (January 16, 2012).
790:Rue des Francs-Bourgeois
659:Gothic fireplace in the
555:Arts and Crafts movement
477:Cooking over a fireplace
434:for a fire. Heavy metal
365:Chimney and flue types:
354:carbon monoxide detector
86:, and heating water for
3933:World Refrigeration Day
3780:Refrigerant reclamation
3709:Architectural acoustics
3653:Programmable thermostat
3585:Clean air delivery rate
3481:Thermal expansion valve
3396:Pressurisation ductwork
3306:Ground source heat pump
2747:Absorption refrigerator
2431:Rockford Chimney Supply
2262:"Definition of Andiron"
1929:Zelikoff, J.T., 2002. "
1509:List of home appliances
1353:cardiovascular diseases
1207:, chronic interstitial
1184:
1128:Fireplace with tubular
1077:Hôtel du Collectionneur
684:Château des ducs de Bar
533:. He also improved the
356:are safety essentials.
314:A gas-powered fireplace
262:liquefied petroleum gas
149:Organizations like the
59:is a structure made of
3923:Glossary of HVAC terms
3885:Sick building syndrome
3765:Mechanical engineering
3476:Smoke exhaust ductwork
2907:Mixed-mode ventilation
2395:"Definition of mantel"
1403:
1368:neurological disorders
1281:
1241:respiratory infections
1160:
1133:
1085:Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann
1056:no. 5), Bucharest, by
995:Émile Muller & Cie
945:Sherlock Holmes Museum
737:, France, probably by
478:
402:
394:
360:Direct vent fireplaces
71:designed to contain a
46:
35:
3943:Template:Solar energy
3621:Intelligent buildings
3580:Carbon dioxide sensor
2967:Room air distribution
2787:Central solar heating
1401:
1374:Environmental effects
1287:are unable to filter
1197:
1158:
1127:
1081:1925 Paris Exhibition
1033:, unknown architect,
575:Industrial Revolution
476:
400:
392:
41:
34:Modern open fireplace
33:
3745:Duct leakage testing
3735:Deep energy retrofit
3679:Thermographic camera
3616:Infrared thermometer
3091:Air source heat pump
3040:Water heat recycling
2606:Air changes per hour
2186:carbon in the air...
1402:Hand forged andirons
1297:respiratory diseases
1263:compounds including
817:Ange-Jacques Gabriel
731:Palace of Versailles
704:Hôtel Tornié-Barassy
274:, also sold in gels)
219:(carbonized biomass)
4143: / Guest room
3611:HVAC control system
3601:Home energy monitor
3575:Building automation
3361:Inverter compressor
3023:Variable air volume
2932:Passive ventilation
2902:Kitchen ventilation
2802:Constant air volume
2772:Autonomous building
2369:Dehumidifier Critic
2221:10.7759/cureus.5916
1825:pop.culture.gouv.fr
1718:Hoboken, New Jersey
1285:respiratory systems
792:no. 60), Paris, by
768:no. 77), Paris, by
645:Drouet de Dammartin
531:wood-burning stoves
373:Reinforced concrete
260:is mostly methane,
182:Electric fireplaces
165:Types of fireplaces
122:, a lintel bar, an
4619:Servants' quarters
3874:Indoor air quality
3818:ASTM International
3755:Hydronic balancing
3532:Wood-burning stove
3411:Radiator reflector
3196:Evaporative cooler
3007:Underfloor heating
2992:Thermal insulation
2554:. Merriam-Webster.
1936:2020-08-01 at the
1770:Fireplace Antiques
1580:. pp. 10–11.
1549:Wood-burning stove
1519:Micathermic heater
1404:
1357:insulin resistance
1329:indoor air quality
1223:function in young
1205:chronic bronchitis
1165:masonry fireplaces
1161:
1134:
1120:Heating efficiency
880:Eugène Delaplanche
661:Palace of Poitiers
550:Aesthetic movement
479:
403:
395:
326:Electric fireplace
47:
36:
5002:
5001:
4420:Janitorial closet
4154:Bedsit / Miniflat
3951:
3950:
3867:Health and safety
3446:Scroll compressor
3401:Process duct work
3156:Convection heater
3151:Condensing boiler
3081:Air-mixing plenum
2977:Solar combisystem
2813:Cross ventilation
2616:Building envelope
1906:www.ris.bka.gv.at
1856:978-973-0-23884-6
1534:Rumford fireplace
1529:Outdoor fireplace
1335:) and gases like
1311:Gases and ethanol
1102:
868:Hôtel de la Païva
866:fireplace in the
811:fireplace in the
760:fireplace in the
725:fireplace in the
631:fireplace in the
523:Benjamin Franklin
231:(carbonized coal)
225:of various grades
44:outdoor fireplace
16:(Redirected from
5027:
4991:
4990:
4960:Home improvement
4732:Studio apartment
4524:Kitchen-related
4200:Conversation pit
3987:and spaces of a
3978:
3971:
3964:
3955:
3954:
3913:Building science
3668:Smart thermostat
3663:Room temperature
3246:Fireplace insert
2952:Radon mitigation
2850:Electric heating
2845:District heating
2840:District cooling
2757:Air conditioning
2583:
2576:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2534:
2519:(2nd ed.).
2510:
2501:(2nd ed.).
2491:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2318:(4th ed.).
2309:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2241:
2223:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2174:
2156:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2019:
2013:
2012:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1951:
1945:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1641:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1618:. May 28, 2013.
1606:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1575:
1566:
1499:Fireplace insert
1259:and potentially
1174:room temperature
1104:
1103:
1069:
1050:Romanian Revival
1046:
1036:
1022:
1000:
987:
956:
937:
910:
891:
878:and sculpted by
860:
837:Catherine Palace
832:
821:Pierre Gouthière
805:
794:Germain Boffrand
786:Hôtel de Soubise
781:
754:
744:
719:
699:
676:
656:
641:Guy de Dammartin
625:
430:bars, to retain
401:Fireplace shovel
335:
323:
311:
296:
284:
237:of several types
134:or afterburner.
21:
18:Fireplace fender
5035:
5034:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4994:Category: Rooms
4979:
4923:
4744:
4736:
4702:Secondary suite
4653:
4528:butler's pantry
4500:
4443:Mechanical room
4396:Electrical room
4355:
4343:
4173:
4117:
4091:Recreation room
3991:
3982:
3952:
3947:
3908:ASHRAE Handbook
3896:
3880:Passive smoking
3862:
3795:
3789:
3701:
3699:
3693:
3547:
3541:
3522:Whole-house fan
3436:Run-around coil
3431:Reversing valve
3376:Mechanical room
3366:Kerosene heater
3356:Infrared heater
3286:Gasoline heater
3226:Fan filter unit
3141:Condensate pump
3126:Centrifugal fan
3044:
2947:Radiant heating
2942:Radiant cooling
2917:Passive cooling
2912:Microgeneration
2782:Central heating
2730:
2706:Thermal comfort
2598:
2592:
2587:
2544:
2541:
2531:
2507:James R. Osgood
2480:
2456:
2454:Further reading
2451:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2400:Merriam-Webster
2393:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2345:
2330:
2310:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2267:Merriam-Webster
2260:
2259:
2255:
2198:
2194:
2131:
2127:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2020:
2016:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1952:
1948:
1938:Wayback Machine
1928:
1924:
1915:
1913:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1805:
1803:
1801:Urban Milwaukee
1793:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1732:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1573:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1484:
1396:
1376:
1343:, and increase
1313:
1257:carbon monoxide
1253:nitrogen oxides
1203:contributed to
1187:
1182:
1150:stainless steel
1122:
1115:
1105:
1092:
1087:
1070:
1061:
1058:Spiru Cegăneanu
1047:
1038:
1023:
1014:
988:
979:
960:Russian Revival
957:
948:
941:Victorian style
938:
929:
911:
902:
892:
883:
861:
852:
849:Charles Cameron
833:
824:
806:
797:
782:
773:
755:
746:
739:Robert de Cotte
727:Salon d'Hercule
720:
711:
700:
691:
677:
668:
657:
648:
626:
568:gathering place
563:
484:
408:
339:
336:
327:
324:
315:
312:
303:
297:
288:
285:
264:mostly propane)
167:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5033:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4793:
4788:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4614:Servants' hall
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4522:
4517:
4511:
4509:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4440:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4403:
4401:Equipment room
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4360:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4317:
4315:Secret passage
4312:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4233:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4064:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3981:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3877:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3799:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3658:Psychrometrics
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3555:Air flow meter
3551:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3331:Heating system
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3311:Heat exchanger
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3276:Gas compressor
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3211:Expansion tank
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3131:Ceramic heater
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2972:Solar air heat
2969:
2964:
2962:Renewable heat
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2873:
2871:Forced-air gas
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2721:Thermodynamics
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2691:Psychrometrics
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2646:Gas compressor
2643:
2641:Fluid dynamics
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2540:
2539:External links
2537:
2536:
2535:
2529:
2511:
2492:
2478:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2418:
2386:
2355:
2328:
2285:
2253:
2192:
2125:
2059:
2050:
2014:
1995:(3): 193–200.
1979:
1946:
1922:
1893:
1862:
1855:
1837:
1812:
1795:Tyjeski, Ben.
1787:
1757:
1730:
1699:
1668:
1633:
1598:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:Chimney breast
1431:
1428:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1395:
1392:
1380:carbon dioxide
1375:
1372:
1349:blood pressure
1337:nitrogen oxide
1312:
1309:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:Health effects
1178:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1106:
1090:
1088:
1071:
1064:
1062:
1048:
1041:
1039:
1024:
1017:
1015:
993:fireplace, by
989:
982:
980:
964:Mikhail Vrubel
962:fireplace, by
958:
951:
949:
939:
932:
930:
926:William Burges
918:Cardiff Castle
914:Gothic Revival
912:
905:
903:
895:Rococo Revival
893:
886:
884:
876:Pierre Manguin
862:
855:
853:
841:Tsarskoye Selo
834:
827:
825:
807:
800:
798:
783:
776:
774:
766:Rue de Varenne
756:
749:
747:
721:
714:
712:
701:
694:
692:
678:
671:
669:
658:
651:
649:
647:, 15th century
627:
620:
562:
559:
503:smoke canopies
483:
480:
420:pellet baskets
407:
404:
380:
379:
376:
370:
341:
340:
337:
330:
328:
325:
318:
316:
313:
306:
304:
298:
291:
289:
286:
279:
276:
275:
265:
238:
235:Smokeless fuel
232:
226:
220:
214:
193:
192:
189:
179:
166:
163:
153:(EPA) and the
144:spark arrestor
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5032:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5010:
4995:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4926:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4742:Architectural
4739:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4722:Semi-detached
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4639:Swimming pool
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4579:Great chamber
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4491:Wiring closet
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4462:Semi-basement
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:Private rooms
4120:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4096:billiard room
4094:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4050:dirty kitchen
4048:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3979:
3974:
3972:
3967:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:organizations
3792:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3740:Duct cleaning
3738:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3591:Control valve
3589:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3511:Turning vanes
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:Thermal wheel
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3451:Solar chimney
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:Fan coil unit
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:Cooling tower
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:Vapor barrier
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2987:Solar heating
2985:
2983:
2982:Solar cooling
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2957:Refrigeration
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2927:Passive house
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2797:Chilled water
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2696:Sensible heat
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:Noise control
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2656:Heat transfer
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2532:
2530:9780911469172
2526:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2479:9781421413570
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2329:9780876290927
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2214:(10): e5916.
2213:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2140:F1000Research
2136:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2031:(3): 125–31.
2030:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1926:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1881:
1877:
1876:FireplaceMall
1873:
1866:
1858:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1731:9781118909508
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1561:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:Stone carving
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1489:Chimney liner
1487:
1486:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1389:
1388:sulfur oxides
1385:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1341:immune system
1338:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:sulfur oxides
1247:also contain
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1114:
1110:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
996:
992:
986:
981:
977:
973:
969:
966:, 1899–1900,
965:
961:
955:
950:
946:
942:
936:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
909:
904:
900:
899:Louvre Palace
896:
890:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
859:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
831:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
804:
799:
795:
791:
787:
780:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
753:
748:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
718:
713:
709:
705:
698:
693:
689:
685:
681:
675:
670:
666:
662:
655:
650:
646:
642:
639:, France, by
638:
634:
630:
624:
619:
618:
617:
615:
611:
610:Victorian era
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
571:
569:
558:
556:
551:
546:
544:
543:heat transfer
540:
539:Count Rumford
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:Prince Rupert
511:
507:
504:
499:
497:
493:
488:
475:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
414:, log boxes,
413:
399:
391:
387:
385:
377:
374:
371:
368:
367:
366:
363:
361:
357:
355:
351:
350:oxygen sensor
347:
334:
329:
322:
317:
310:
305:
302:
295:
290:
283:
278:
277:
273:
269:
266:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
213:
209:
205:
202:
201:
200:
198:
197:prefabricated
190:
187:
183:
180:
177:
173:
169:
168:
162:
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
116:chimney crane
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
57:
52:
45:
40:
32:
19:
4872:Roof lantern
4624:Smoking room
4594:Long gallery
4574:Drawing room
4560:Conservatory
4467:Storm cellar
4438:Storage room
4434:Utility room
4430:Laundry room
4406:Furnace room
4235:
3997:Shared rooms
3918:Fireproofing
3702:and services
3698:Professions,
3596:Gas detector
3496:Trickle vent
3471:Smoke damper
3466:Smoke canopy
3461:Space heater
3391:Plenum space
3326:Heating film
3240:
3206:Exhaust hood
3176:Dehumidifier
3116:Blast damper
3111:Barrier pipe
3086:Air purifier
2997:Thermosiphon
2876:Free cooling
2792:Chilled beam
2716:Thermal mass
2701:Stack effect
2686:Particulates
2666:Infiltration
2597:Fundamental
2549:
2515:
2497:
2461:
2439:. Retrieved
2430:
2421:
2409:. Retrieved
2398:
2389:
2377:. Retrieved
2368:
2358:
2346:. Retrieved
2314:
2276:. Retrieved
2265:
2256:
2211:
2205:
2195:
2187:
2184:
2144:
2138:
2128:
2075:
2069:
2062:
2053:
2028:
2024:
2017:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1959:
1949:
1941:
1925:
1914:. Retrieved
1905:
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1875:
1865:
1846:
1840:
1828:. Retrieved
1824:
1815:
1804:. Retrieved
1800:
1790:
1778:. Retrieved
1769:
1760:
1748:. Retrieved
1712:
1702:
1690:. Retrieved
1681:
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1648:
1624:. Retrieved
1613:
1589:. Retrieved
1577:
1564:
1514:Mantel clock
1454:outer hearth
1453:
1449:
1421:
1408:chimney-back
1407:
1405:
1377:
1364:incompletely
1361:
1333:black carbon
1326:
1314:
1289:particulates
1282:
1273:formaldehyde
1261:carcinogenic
1217:corpulmonale
1209:lung disease
1198:
1190:
1188:
1162:
1135:
1130:grate heater
1054:Piața Romană
1005:and enamel,
809:Neoclassical
772:, 1727–1732
591:
572:
564:
547:
525:developed a
517:, nephew of
512:
508:
500:
489:
485:
409:
381:
364:
358:
342:
195:Masonry and
194:
148:
136:
77:
54:
50:
48:
4965:Home repair
4762:Belt course
4670:Hidden room
4599:Lumber room
4515:Antechamber
4506:Great house
4486:Wine cellar
4457:Root cellar
4410:Boiler room
4391:Crawl space
4062:Living room
4055:kitchenette
4040:Home cinema
4025:Family room
4020:Dining room
4010:Common room
3928:Warm Spaces
3570:Blower door
3548:and control
3546:Measurement
3527:Windcatcher
3501:Trombe wall
3441:Sail switch
3421:Refrigerant
3416:Recuperator
3291:Grease duct
3251:Freeze stat
3236:Fire damper
3106:Back boiler
3076:Air ionizer
3071:Air handler
3035:Ventilation
2887:Hybrid heat
2752:Air barrier
2671:Latent heat
2546:"Fireplace"
2082:: 173–177.
1944:, 5:269-282
1494:Fire screen
1384:water vapor
1293:carcinogens
1170:temperature
991:Art Nouveau
882:, 1856–1866
770:Jean Aubert
762:Hôtel Biron
680:Renaissance
583:Robert Adam
406:Accessories
258:natural gas
178:fire boxes.
172:sheet metal
108:exhaust gas
5015:Fireplaces
5009:Categories
4975:Tree house
4945:Front yard
4877:Sill plate
4825:Foundation
4767:Bressummer
4680:house plan
4649:Undercroft
4634:State room
4584:Great hall
4553:still room
4220:dumbwaiter
4205:Cubby-hole
4035:Great room
4005:Bonus room
3684:Thermostat
3606:Humidistat
3537:Zone valve
3506:TurboSwing
3381:Oil heater
3351:Humidifier
3281:Gas heater
3231:Fan heater
3201:Evaporator
3186:Economizer
3161:Compressor
3066:Air filter
3049:Components
2866:Forced-air
2762:Antifreeze
2735:Technology
2681:Outgassing
2621:Convection
1916:2021-05-13
1806:2023-03-21
1556:References
1524:Oil heater
1345:infections
1229:bronchitis
1225:asthmatics
1201:wood smoke
1142:efficiency
1138:convection
864:Beaux-Arts
735:Versailles
688:Bar-le-Duc
587:James Adam
492:great hall
487:dwelling.
424:combustion
412:fireguards
270:(a liquid
240:Flammable
210:and other
124:overmantel
4899:Threshold
4782:Colonnade
4727:Townhouse
4665:Furniture
4569:Courtyard
4471:Safe room
4381:Cloakroom
4349:Technical
4339:Vestibule
4324:Staircase
4263:Inglenook
4236:Fireplace
4195:Breezeway
4067:Gynaeceum
3794:Industry
3643:OpenTherm
3321:Heat pump
3316:Heat pipe
3266:Fume hood
3241:Fireplace
3146:Condenser
3096:Attic fan
2892:Hydronics
2488:917156248
2466:Baltimore
2338:793656918
2230:2168-8184
2163:2046-1402
2120:205483058
2104:1559-047X
2096:1559-0488
1740:943373654
1504:Inglenook
1245:emissions
1146:cast iron
1027:Bucharest
1003:stoneware
924:, UK, by
614:Wisconsin
579:John Adam
519:Charles I
513:In 1678,
436:firebacks
301:fire dogs
204:Wood fuel
102:or other
51:fireplace
4940:Driveway
4935:Backyard
4894:Skylight
4857:Plumbing
4852:Ornament
4847:Lighting
4757:Baluster
4745:elements
4717:Detached
4712:Terraced
4564:Orangery
4543:scullery
4520:Ballroom
4496:Workshop
4481:Wardrobe
4469: /
4436: /
4432: /
4408: /
4371:Basement
4303:sleeping
4298:screened
4283:Overhang
4227:Entryway
4215:Elevator
4129:Bathroom
4084:man cave
3901:See also
3626:LonWorks
3560:Aquastat
3426:Register
3406:Radiator
3061:Air door
2861:Firestop
2661:Humidity
2636:Enthalpy
2626:Dilution
2611:Bake-out
2599:concepts
2435:Archived
2405:Archived
2373:Archived
2342:Archived
2272:Archived
2248:31788375
2181:27853506
2147:: 2593.
2112:21233730
2045:21420651
1966:Archived
1934:Archived
1910:Archived
1880:Archived
1774:Archived
1744:Archived
1686:Archived
1655:Archived
1620:Archived
1582:Archived
1578:BioPress
1482:See also
1394:Glossary
1318:asphyxia
1237:coughing
1233:wheezing
1073:Art Deco
1013:, France
1011:Beauvais
978:, France
968:majolica
947:, London
708:Toulouse
690:, France
665:Poitiers
416:andirons
346:moisture
217:Charcoal
208:firewood
96:fire pit
80:dwelling
4928:Related
4904:Transom
4796:Cornice
4786:Portico
4777:Chimney
4772:Ceiling
4604:Parlour
4589:Library
4548:spicery
4538:saucery
4533:buttery
4376:Carport
4358:storage
4353:utility
4334:Veranda
4329:Terrace
4258:Hallway
4190:Balcony
4169:Nursery
4164:Cabinet
4159:Boudoir
4141:Bedroom
4113:Sunroom
4045:Kitchen
3700:trades,
3271:Furnace
3136:Chiller
2808:Coolant
2441:May 14,
2411:May 14,
2379:May 13,
2348:May 14,
2278:May 14,
2239:6855999
2172:5089137
2009:8948127
1972:May 14,
1886:May 13,
1821:"Hôtel"
1780:May 13,
1750:July 2,
1692:May 13,
1661:May 13,
1626:May 13,
1591:May 13,
1422:ash pit
1322:Ethanol
1277:dioxins
1269:benzene
1079:at the
1031:Romania
922:Cardiff
723:Baroque
637:Bourges
602:granite
535:airflow
496:Louvers
482:History
468:brushes
464:shovels
456:bellows
272:alcohol
268:Ethanol
254:methane
246:propane
212:biomass
140:masonry
106:allows
100:chimney
92:firebox
88:laundry
84:cooking
4992:
4950:Garden
4919:Window
4862:Quoins
4840:Portal
4791:Column
4707:Duplex
4685:styles
4644:Turret
4476:Studio
4452:Pantry
4425:Larder
4415:Garage
4386:Closet
4320:Stairs
4278:Loggia
4241:hearth
4231:Genkan
4185:Atrium
4178:Spaces
4147:closet
4134:toilet
4103:Shrine
4079:Andron
4030:Garret
3853:SMACNA
3813:ASHRAE
3633:(MERV)
3587:(CADR)
3565:BACnet
3518:(ULPA)
3371:Louver
3296:Grille
3171:Damper
3121:Boiler
3019:(VCRS)
2820:(DOAS)
2527:
2503:Boston
2486:
2476:
2336:
2326:
2246:
2236:
2228:
2207:Cureus
2179:
2169:
2161:
2118:
2110:
2102:
2094:
2043:
2007:
1853:
1830:10 May
1738:
1728:
1355:, and
1060:, 1912
1001:1900,
928:, 1873
851:, 1779
845:Russia
823:, 1774
796:, 1740
758:Rococo
629:Gothic
598:marble
594:insert
585:, and
452:pokers
440:embers
384:sparks
352:and a
252:, and
250:butane
132:filter
128:damper
120:lintel
112:mantel
56:hearth
4909:Vault
4882:Style
4830:Gable
4820:Floor
4800:Eaves
4690:types
4675:House
4658:Other
4629:Solar
4609:Sauna
4508:areas
4447:floor
4366:Attic
4293:Porch
4288:Patio
4268:Lanai
4248:Foyer
4108:Study
4072:harem
3989:house
3985:Rooms
3893:(VOC)
3887:(SBS)
3876:(IAQ)
3833:CIBSE
3828:BSRIA
3731:(BIM)
3675:(STP)
3639:(NTP)
3261:Freon
3031:(VRF)
3025:(VAV)
2883:(HRV)
2857:(ERV)
2831:(DCV)
2804:(CAV)
2517:Years
2320:Wiley
2116:S2CID
2092:eISSN
2078:(2).
1722:Wiley
1585:(PDF)
1574:(PDF)
1450:front
1113:Japan
1109:Akita
1083:, by
976:Lille
847:, by
606:tiles
460:tongs
242:gases
176:glass
159:Smoke
69:metal
65:stone
61:brick
4970:Shed
4955:Home
4914:Wall
4887:list
4867:Roof
4835:Gate
4810:Door
4805:Dome
4752:Arch
4356:and
4310:Ramp
4273:Loft
4253:Hall
4210:Deck
3848:LEED
3808:AMCA
3803:AHRI
3336:HEPA
3256:Flue
3181:Duct
2525:ISBN
2484:OCLC
2474:ISBN
2443:2021
2413:2021
2381:2021
2350:2021
2334:OCLC
2324:ISBN
2280:2021
2244:PMID
2226:ISSN
2177:PMID
2159:ISSN
2108:PMID
2100:ISSN
2041:PMID
2005:PMID
1974:2021
1888:2021
1851:ISBN
1832:2024
1782:2021
1752:2017
1736:OCLC
1726:ISBN
1694:2021
1663:2021
1628:2021
1593:2021
1382:and
1275:and
1235:and
1221:lung
1215:and
1185:Wood
1037:1900
745:1710
548:The
446:and
444:soot
432:fuel
428:iron
418:and
229:Coke
223:Coal
186:wood
126:, a
114:, a
104:flue
98:; a
73:fire
4815:Ell
4015:Den
3858:UMC
3843:IIR
3823:BRE
3216:Fan
2234:PMC
2216:doi
2167:PMC
2149:doi
2084:doi
2033:doi
1997:doi
1940:".
1452:or
643:or
600:or
448:ash
206:or
174:or
94:or
67:or
53:or
42:An
5011::
4798:/
4784:/
4562:/
4445:/
4351:,
2548:.
2523:.
2505::
2482:.
2472:.
2468::
2464:.
2433:.
2429:.
2403:.
2397:.
2371:.
2367:.
2340:.
2332:.
2322:.
2288:^
2270:.
2264:.
2242:.
2232:.
2224:.
2212:11
2210:.
2204:.
2183:.
2175:.
2165:.
2157:.
2143:.
2137:.
2114:.
2106:.
2098:.
2090:.
2076:32
2074:.
2039:.
2029:18
2027:.
2003:.
1993:82
1991:.
1964:.
1958:.
1908:.
1904:.
1878:.
1874:.
1823:.
1799:.
1772:.
1768:.
1742:.
1734:.
1724:.
1720::
1684:.
1680:.
1653:.
1647:.
1636:^
1612:.
1601:^
1576:.
1410:.
1370:.
1351:,
1347:,
1307:.
1271:,
1267:,
1255:,
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1211:,
1176:.
1152:.
1111:,
1035:c.
1029:,
1009:,
999:c.
997:,
974:,
970:,
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458:,
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442:,
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244::
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4229:/
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2509:.
2490:.
2445:.
2415:.
2383:.
2352:.
2282:.
2250:.
2218::
2151::
2145:5
2122:.
2086::
2047:.
2035::
2011:.
1999::
1976:.
1919:.
1890:.
1859:.
1834:.
1809:.
1784:.
1754:.
1696:.
1665:.
1630:.
1595:.
1456:.
1424:.
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788:(
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256:(
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